* hexagon: introduce op request batching and rewrite buffer managment
The host now prepares batches of requests and dispatches them via a single dspqueue message.
Buffers are mapped explicitly by NPU while processing batches.
* hex-dma: disable l2 bypass since to work around new issue due to no flushes between Ops
* hex-utils: add explicit l2flush and l2clear helpers
* hex-opreq: use fine-grain per tensor l2 management
* hex-opreq: avoid redundant invalidates for tensors we already flushed
* hex-opreq: update debug messages
* htp-opreq: reuse ops_context
* hex-opreq: do not flush or invalidate cache lines beyond buffer boundry
* hex-opreq: fix errors in log message
* Revert "hex-opreq: do not flush or invalidate cache lines beyond buffer boundry"
This reverts commit 8b7f0a55a750a6430ce4eb1874c7feb3d720056d.
* hexagon: limit l2 flushes to 1MB which covers l2 cache
* hex-opreq: limit cache flush to 4MB
Looks like 4MB cont. vitual space should cover the 1MB cache.
* hexagon: drop cache flush size to 2MB
* hex-opreq: start reworking opreq packing
* hex-opreq: introduce new way of packing opbatch where tensors are stored separately
* hex-opreq: add a simple fastrpc call to force unmap all buffers
* hex-l2flush: somehow 2MB does not seem robust, also cleanup step size to use line-size
* hex-opreq: bump opreq batch size to 256
* hex-mm: place src1 spad at the top of vtcm for easy reuse
* hex-ops: introduce internal types and disable src1 reuse for now
Nothing new just formalizing the repack / qyn.quant types we've been using.
* htp-opreq: use tensor pointers instead of copies
* hex-opreq: introduce more robust way for tracking vtcm/spad reuse
This removes the SKIP_QUANTIZE flag that became fragile with the addition of HMX and other ops.
* hex-cumsum: fix error post opreq merge
* hex-opreq: move request batch handling into the session
Prepping everything for using dspqueue buffers and doing that inside the session is much cleaner.
* hex-mm: yet another fix for src1 reuse when we're mixing hmx/hvx
* hex-bufs: introduce pinned mmapings and use non-pinned ones for model buffers
* hex-buf: add support for allocating shared/pinned buffer for opreqs
* hex-opbatch: make opbatches configurable
* hex-naming: better name for ggml_hexagon_shared_buffer
* hex-naming: add session->c_name() helper
* hex-opbatch: start using shm but still copy for now
* hex-opbatch: use shared buffer for packing opbatch
* hex-opbatch: beter naming for opbatch related classes and code
* hex-opbatch: reuse batched tensors with same data/dims/strides
* hex-opbatch: update logging
* hex-opbatch: add support for vmem limit for op batching
* hex-opbatch: update htp side to properly support dynamic mmap/unmap
* hex-opbatch: add OB and OQ params for run-completion script and fix the asserts in batch processing
* hex-opbatch: fixed src1 handling in act ops
* hex-act: fix empty src1 handling in swiglu and friends
Simplify preamble macro while at it
* hex-mm: minor fix vtcm and dma handling in matmul
cleaning up some left-overs from merges
* hex-opbatch: allocate extra 1KB for dspqueue overhead
* hexagon: fix softmax for non-aligned tensors and cleanup vtcm alloc
* hex-mm: properly handle hmx_disabled flag
* hex-ops: update comments
* hex-ops: add debug output for get/set-rows
* hex-mmap: optimize un/mapping of buffers
* hex-opreq: global cache flush and invalidate beyond 128KB threshold
* hex-ops: add super simple opfilter regex for debugging
If an Op matches the regex hex backend will reject it.
* hex-opbatch: wireup newer ops missed in merge and update main switch to detect this in future
* hexagon: improved vtcm acquision to remove inter-op overhead
Fully compatible with QNN-HTP coex
* hex-mm: fixed hvx fallback path
* hex-mm: lower the vmem threshold a bit further to ~3GB
* hexagon: update debug & error logs
This also fixes an issue with newer llvm merging repack and non-repack
functions. We use those pointer to distinguish between buffer types.
* hexagon: move ops context into main context
Just a cleanup. We don't need separate contexts at this point.
* hex-opbatch: cleanup naming and headers for opbatch and related descriptors
* hex-fa: it's now better to enable FA during TG to reduce graph splits
* hexagon: remove GGML_HEXAGON_EXPERIMENTAL env var
It's no longer useful. Please use more flexible GGML_HEXAGON_OPFILTER to disable Ops
if needed for debugging or validation.
* hexagon: fixed editorconfig check
* Update ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/ggml-hexagon.cpp
Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Trivikram Reddy <tamarnat@qti.qualcomm.com>
Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>
* ggml(webgpu): fix the busy-polls in Emscripten in the waitAny after #20618, and remove the busy webgpu log
* Merge with upstream
* Fix GET_ROWS packed integer NaN when using f16 as memory buffer in shader quants
* Update Unary wgsl EXP and EXPM1 for f16 stability
* Fix GET_ROWS IQ4_XS strcut for NaN f16 canonicalization
* Fix numerical percision for unary sqrt when working with f16
* Fix NaN canonicalization for packed integers using f16
* Update err threshold for binary div ops when using f16
* backend: Keep one Dawn/WebGPU instance alive for the lifetime of the static backend
* clean: uncomment existing code logs
* clean: clean the unncessary debug info
* Refactor and generalize dequant helpers
* Remove deprecated quant structs
* Refactor shader defines to reduce repetition
* Remove error override for F16 type
* fix: fix the accidential removal of the proper initialization of ctx
* clean: clean legacy and format code
* fix: did not modify tests ops
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeremy J. Hartmann <jeremy@mtion.tv>
* ggml: backend-agnostic tensor parallelism
* support for GPT-OSS, Qwen 3 MoE
* partial Vulkan fix
* add support for 4/8 GPUs
* unconditional peer access
* re-use buffers + ggml contexts
* fix output pattern
* NCCL support
* GGML: HIP: add RCCL support
* Remove shfl and AllReduce from backend interface
* move allocation workaround out of ggml-alloc.c
* 2d tensor set/get support
* Fix the seg fault without NCCL
* Apply suggestion from JohannesGaessler
* support for tensor dims % n_devs != 0
* fix view_offs scaling
* arbitrary num. of GPUs/tensor split
* fix compilation
* better granularity estimate
* Support device-specific host buffer types if all underlying backends expose the same type. This allows using pinned memory instead of pageable memory for CUDA.
Fix compilation errors.
* partial Qwen 3 Next support
* Fix qwen3 30b (#8)
* Fix crash with Qwen-30B-A3B Q4_0
Qwen-30B-A3B Q4_0 has an intermediate dimension of 768. Using a granularity of 256 forces an uneven split between GPUs, which is not supported by the current implementation.
* Decide block size based on tensor quantization type
* Fix crashes due to KV cache serialization (#9)
KV cache serialization requires non-zero offsets on the tensor. Add support in the meta backend to set/get a tensor with a non-zero offset.
* metal : fix build (#7)
* static memory allocations, fix usage count
* fix tensor granularity
* more even memory distribution
* use BF16 for allreduce
* rebase fixup
* better error message for unsupported architectures
* Fix device mismatch during scatter of allReduce. (#11)
There is a mismatch between the dst buffer device and the backend device, causing the use of sync copies
* Enable the previous allreduce implementation. It is better in both perf and stability (#12)
* delay AllReduce for Moe for less I/O
* build : clean-up compile warnings
* backend : move most of the meta backend API to ggml-backend-impl.h
* cont : hide unused public API in the implementation
* llama : use llama_device + remove ggml_backend_dev_is_meta()
* ggml-backend : remove unused alloc include
* minor : remove regex include
* ggml : introduce ggml-ext.h for staging new APIs
* rebase fixup
* fix tests
* llama : more robust logic for determining Meta devices (#16)
* llama : more robust logic for determining Meta devices
* cont : fix devs size check
Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>
* cont : fix log type
Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>
---------
Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>
* disable roundtrip for meta backend
* fix arch selection
* Qwen 3.5 support
* fix Gemma 4 MoE
* fix OpenVino, SYCL
* fix test-llama-archs for CPU-only builds
* Fix Qwen 3.5 MoE
* disable meta backend tests for WebGPU
* tests : filter CPU-based devices from the Meta backend tests (#17)
* meta : formatting, naming, indentation (#18)
* formatting : llama-model.cpp
* formatting : ggml-ext.h
* formatting : ggml-backend-meta.cpp
* meta : add TODO
* add documentation
* better error messages
* fix GPT-OSS
---------
Co-authored-by: Carl Philipp Klemm <carl@uvos.xyz>
Co-authored-by: Gaurav Garg <gaugarg@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
* sycl : add flash-attn support for head size 512
This patch extends the SYCL Flash Attention implementation to support head sizes (DKQ/DV) of 512.
Changes:
- Added DKQ/DV 512 cases to both tile and vector Flash Attention kernels.
- Updated kernel selection logic to allow vector kernels for head sizes up to 512 (previously 256).
- Removed unused/redundant AMD and RDNA-specific configuration functions in `fattn-tile.hpp`.
- Refactored `ggml_backend_sycl_buffer_init_tensor` to use a switch statement for clearer tensor extra buffer initialization.
- Added necessary template instances for the new 512 head size across various quantization types.
* remove defunct mxfp4 reorder from setting buffer type
* fix: free ctx_copy in ggml_opt_free to plug per-training-session leak
ggml_opt_alloc populates opt_ctx->ctx_copy via a free+init pair every
time the allocated graph shape changes. The last ctx_copy from the
final ggml_opt_alloc call survives until ggml_opt_free is invoked,
but ggml_opt_free was only freeing ctx_static and ctx_cpu, never
ctx_copy. Each opt_ctx lifetime therefore leaks the final per-batch
context — ~900 KB for a typical GNN training session in
sindarin-pkg-tensor, surfaced via AddressSanitizer.
ctx_copy is nullptr-initialized and ggml_free() handles NULL safely,
so the new release is guard-free.
* Update ggml/src/ggml-opt.cpp
Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>
---------
Co-authored-by: realorko <realorko@nowhere.com>
Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>
* initial Q1_0 Metal backend
* tuning q1_0 metal kernels
* add Q1_0 to test-backend-ops
* add Q1_0<->F32 copy test
* Apply suggestions from code review
Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
* ds_read_b128 for q4_0 and q4_1 mmq kernels
Current for loop generates ds_read_b32 instructions with hip compiler, the new solution generates ds_read_b128 instructions for the same operation, saving some LDS bandwidth. Tested on MI50 and RX6800XT, its faster on both.
* Vectorized lds load update: used ggml_cuda_get_max_cpy_bytes and ggml_cuda_memcpy_1 functions for generic implementation
* Explicit for loop in mmq, renamed vec into tmp
* Fixed max_cpy usage in the loading loop
* Fixed typo in q4_1 kernel
* Update ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmq.cuh
Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>
* Update ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmq.cuh
Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>
* Update ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmq.cuh
Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>
* Renoved trailing white line 500
* Update mmq.cuh removed other whitelines
* Remove trailing whitespaces
---------
Co-authored-by: iacopPBK <iacopPBK@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>
Co-authored-by: iacopPBK <iacop@deneb.com>
* Work towards removing bitcast
* Move rest of existing types over
* Add timeout back to wait and remove synchronous set_tensor/memset_tensor
* move to unpackf16 for wider compatibility
* cleanup
* Remove deadlock condition in free_bufs
* Start work on removing parameter buffer pools
* Simplify and optimize further
* simplify profile futures
* Fix stride
* Try using a single command buffer per batch
* formatting
* Add parameters for different browsers in-flight submissions
* Update handling of batch size too
* Throttle ios as much as possible
* Increase timeout for llvm-pipe testing
Add dequantize4() implementations for Q4_1, Q5_0, Q5_1, and IQ4_NL
in the flash attention base shader. Register them in the shader
generator, pipeline creation, and enable in the scalar/coopmat1 FA
support check.
Extend the existing reorder optimization to Q8_0. The reorder
separates scale factors from weight data for coalesced memory
access -- was implemented for Q4_0/Q4_K/Q6_K but Q8_0 was missing.
On Arc Pro B70 (Xe2), Q8_0 tg goes from 4.88 to 15.24 t/s (3.1x)
on Qwen3.5-27B. BW utilization: 21% -> 66%.
The key fix beyond the kernels: Q8_0 was missing from the type
check in ggml_backend_sycl_buffer_init_tensor() that allocates
the extra struct carrying the reorder flag -- so the optimization
was silently skipped.
AI (Claude) was used to assist with root cause investigation and
writing the kernel code. All code was human-reviewed and tested
on real hardware.
Fixes: #21517
* Write an optimized flash_attn_stream_k_fixup kernel
Write a specialized and more optimized kernel for cases where nblocks_stream_k is multiple of ntiles_dst.
Make nblocks_stream_k to multiple of ntiles_dst if nblocks_stream_k > 2 * ntiles_dst
* Use the new kernel only for nblocks_stream_k_raw > 4 * ntiles_dst to make sure we have enough concurrency on GPUs
* Address review comments
* Address review comments
* Revert variable names to original
* Work towards removing bitcast
* Move rest of existing types over
* Add timeout back to wait and remove synchronous set_tensor/memset_tensor
* move to unpackf16 for wider compatibility
* cleanup
* Remove deadlock condition in free_bufs
* Start work on removing parameter buffer pools
* Simplify and optimize further
* simplify profile futures
* Fix stride
* Try using a single command buffer per batch
* formatting
* ggml-zendnn : add MUL_MAT_ID op support for MoE models
- Add MUL_MAT_ID op acceleration for Mixture-of-Experts models
- MUL_MAT_ID op fallback to CPU backend if total experts > 32
- Point ZenDNN lib to latest bits ZenDNN-2026-WW13
* ggml-zendnn : add braces to sgemm failure condition for consistency
Co-authored-by: Aaron Teo <taronaeo@gmail.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Aaron Teo <taronaeo@gmail.com>
Reuse the buffer for the ggml context which is used for creating the
compute graph on the server side. This partially addresses a memory leak
created by the CUDA backend due to using buffer addresses as cache
keys.
ref: #21265
ref: #20315
Piotr Wilkin
Ruben Ortlam
Oliver Simons
Masashi Yoshimura
Akarshan Biswas
Stephen Cox
Johannes Gäßler
shaofeiqi
Sigbjørn Skjæret
Aman Gupta
Max Krasnyansky
Rithik Sharma
Chen Yuan
Jeff Bolz
andyluo7
fairydreaming
Georgi Gerganov
RealOrko
Reese Levine
Pasha Khosravi
iacopPBK
Tom Overlund
mkoker
Antoine Viallon
PMZFX
Gaurav Garg
Neo Zhang
Yarden Tal
Vishal Singh
Radoslav Gerganov
Zheyuan Chen