* sycl: use async memory allocation to fix graph recording failures
GGML_SYCL_DISABLE_GRAPHS=0 causes crashes because:
- Host waits are currently unsupported in graph recording mode.
- SYCL malloc / free calls are unsupported in graph recording mode.
The following changes are made to fix SYCL graph functionality:
- When graphs are enabled, use the SYCL async memory extension for temp
buffers which is supported with SYCL graphs.
- For compiler versions that do not support this extension, skip
graphs with the affected op.
- Switch from USM shared to device memory as the async extension
currently just supports device allocations.
* Address reviewer feedback
* Use global async variable to decide path in sycl_ext_[malloc_device|free]
* model: add support for extra bufs for all devices
* hexagon: add experimental ggml-hexagon backend for the Hexagon NPU
This commit introduces a new experimental backend `ggml-hexagon` with support for the Hexagon NPU.
Highlights:
- Supports Hexagon versions: v73, v75, v79, and v81
- Targets Android devices based on Snapdragon SoCs: Gen3, 8-Elite, and 8-Elite Gen5
- Supports Q4_0, Q8_0, MXFP4, and FP32 data types
- Implements core LLM ops: MUL_MAT/MUL_MAT_ID, ADD/SUB/MUL/ADD_ID, RMS_NORM, ROPE, GLU/SWIGLU, SOFTMAX
**Note:** This backend is experimental and may exhibit instability or limited performance across supported devices.
It is intended for early testing and feedback from llama.cpp/ggml developer and user community.
Co-Authored-By: Rajdeep Ganguly <rganguly@qti.qualcomm.com>
Co-Authored-By: Todor Boinovski <todorb@qti.qualcomm.com>
* hexagon: fix format checker errors
* hexagon: update readme and cmake presets
* ci: add android-ndk-build jobs that build plain ARM64 and Snapdragon versions
* hexagon: add simple graph optimizer for stacking MUL_MAT ops with the same input
* hexagon: move ADB helper scripts into scripts/snapdragon/adb
* hexagon: replace all f/printfs with GGML_LOG_...
* readme: add hexagon to the list supported backends
* hexagon: stack malmuts with quantized inputs only
* hexagon: add TODO for fixing issues in hexagon_graph_optimize
* hexagon: update to hex-sdk 6.4.0 and add scripts for running on QDC
* scripts: fix lint errors
* scripts: update qdc pytest script to make linter happy
* hexagon: add reduce sum in fp32
* hexagon: reduce number of vector stores in matmul output
* hexagon: remove the need for vdelta in reduce-multiply-x8
* hexagon: consistent use of reduce_sum_fp32 for row_sums
* hexagon: some more matmul optimizations and comments
Optimize cases where tensor dims are not multiple of 1024 (e.g in Qwen models).
We've handled those cases already but at a higher overhead.
* hexagon: update cmake presets
* hexagon: add OPMASK support for run-bench.sh wrapper
* hexagon: update to use GGML_BACKEND_API
* hexagon: remove unused logic for setting tensor flags for the views
* hexagon: add asserts to set/get_tensor to make sure we handle complete tensors
Same asserts as the CPU backend.
* hexagon: use cpy_tensor slow path for non-host buffers
* hexagon: error checks in the buffer allocator
* cmake: move include(extProj) under ggml-hexagon
* hexagon: don't forget to delete the backend on free
* hexagon: set/get_tensor size assert apply only to quantized tensors
* hexagon: reintroduce HEX_VERBOSE wrapper for GGML_LOG_DEBUG for now
GGML_LOG_DEBUG is always enabled for test-backend-ops and the output gets in the way.
Ideally we need a bit more finer log levels.
* docs: typos in hexagon developer docs (libggm-...)
* hexagon: overhaul error handling in the session/device allocation
this should handle all failure paths in the session allocation.
* hexagon: update cmake presets to enable fp16 vectors
* hexagon: remove unused time_usec function
* hexagon: don't forget to release buffer contexts
* hexagon: fixed indents in hvx-utils (missed clang-format auto-format failure)
* hexagon: remove custom can_repeat function and use ggml_can_repeat
---------
Co-authored-by: Rajdeep Ganguly <rganguly@qti.qualcomm.com>
Co-authored-by: Todor Boinovski <todorb@qti.qualcomm.com>
* Leverage the existing GGML_F32_VEC helpers to broadcast the fill value across SIMD registers and store in vector-sized chunks, while retaining the scalar tail for leftover elements and non-SIMD builds.
* Vectorize additional f32 helper loops
* Normalize f32 helper tails for ggml vec ops
---------
Co-authored-by: Aaron <shelhamer.aaron@gmail.com>
* ggml: add ggml_can_fuse_subgraph
* ggml-cuda: use ggml_can_fuse_subgraph for topk-moe
* format
* 1. remove inputs from signature as they are transient nodes
2. add check for views: view_src should be part of the subgraph
* - combine check into one loop
- check all view_src parents
- other minor review comments
* remove redudant if test
* - rename and other minor review comments
* add assert about count < 32
* SYCL: Add support for FLOOR,CEIL,ROUND and TRUNC unary operators
Clean up unrelated changes from previous commit
* Chore: remove empty lines and fix indentation
* Clean up: remove leftover blank lines and fix spacing
* chore: fix trailing whitespace and ensure final newline
* Cleanup: remove redundant declarations already defined in header
* Sync docs/ops.md with updated backend operation support
* docs: update ops.md after rebase
* docs: update ops.md - Vulkan supports SSM_CONV and SSM_SCAN
* rpc : report actual free memory
Start reporting the free memory on every device instead of using
fixed values. Now llama-cli users can get a nice memory breakdown
when using RPC devices.
* drop --mem in rpc-server
* vulkan: implement SSM scan operation
Add State Space Model scan operation to the Vulkan backend.
Signed-off-by: Giuseppe Scrivano <gscrivan@redhat.com>
* vulkan: implement SSM conv operation
Add State Space Model conv operation to the Vulkan backend.
Signed-off-by: Giuseppe Scrivano <gscrivan@redhat.com>
---------
Signed-off-by: Giuseppe Scrivano <gscrivan@redhat.com>
Fix incorrect task-to-batch index calculation in the quantization phase.
The bug caused out-of-bounds access to qnbitgemm_args array when
compute_idx exceeded per_gemm_block_count_m, leading to invalid
pointer dereferences and SIGBUS errors.
Correctly map tasks to batches by dividing compute_idx by
per_gemm_block_count_m instead of block_size_m.
Example:
batch_feature=1, gemm_m=30, block_size_m=4
per_gemm_block_count_m = 8, task_count = 8
Old: gemm_idx = 4/4 = 1 (out of bounds New: gemm_idx = 4/8 = 0 (correct)
Tested on SpaceMit K1 RISC-V64 with qwen2.5:0.5b model.
Co-authored-by: muggle <mingjun.rong@spacemit.com>
This commit applies .clang-format rules to all source files under the
ggml-cann directory to ensure consistent coding style and readability.
The .clang-format option `SortIncludes: false` has been set to disable
automatic reordering of include directives.
No functional changes are introduced.
Co-authored-by: hipudding <huafengchun@gmail.com>
## Why it failed
When compiling with strict compiler flags (-Wwrite-strings -Werror=discarded-qualifiers),
the build fails with the following error:
```
cmake \
-S . \
-B ../llama.cpp.build \
--preset=x64-linux-gcc-debug \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/tmp/local \
-DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-Wwrite-strings -Werror=discarded-qualifiers" && \
cmake --build ../llama.cpp.build/
...
/home/otegami/work/cpp/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.c: In function ‘ggml_cpu_init’:
/home/otegami/work/cpp/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.c:3572:24: error: passing argument 1 of ‘putenv’ discards ‘const’ qualifier from pointer target type [-Werror=discarded-qualifiers]
3572 | putenv("KMP_BLOCKTIME=200"); // 200ms
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /home/otegami/work/cpp/llama.cpp/ggml/src/./ggml-impl.h:10,
from /home/otegami/work/cpp/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu-impl.h:6,
from /home/otegami/work/cpp/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/traits.h:3,
from /home/otegami/work/cpp/llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.c:6:
/usr/include/stdlib.h:786:26: note: expected ‘char *’ but argument is of type ‘const char *’
786 | extern int putenv (char *__string) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
| ~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
cc1: some warnings being treated as errors
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
```
The issue is that putenv() expects a non-const char * but receives a string literal (const char *).
## How to fix
This PR replaces putenv("KMP_BLOCKTIME=200") with setenv("KMP_BLOCKTIME", "200", 0).
Benefits of setenv():
- Accepts const char * parameters (no qualifier warnings)
- Makes copies of the strings (safer memory handling)
- The third parameter (0) ensures we don't overwrite if already set
* CPU: Add support for FLOOR,CEIL,ROUND and TRUNC unary operators
- Added the operators to unary op enum
- Implemented API functions
- Implemented forward and unary-op logic in CPU backend
- Updated ggml_get_n_tasks
- Updated operators names array and static_assert
- Updated docs and enabled automatic tests
* docs: add documentation for ggml_trunc and ggml_trunc_inplace in ggml.h
* chore: remove trailing whitespace from ggml.h
* Remove unresolved merge markers
* Apply review suggestions: cleanup formatting, enum order and leftover artifacts
* Regenerate ops.md using create_ops_docs.py
* opencl: add mm_q8_0_f32
* opencl: fix data loading for incomplete tile
* opencl: use q8_0 mm for larger matrix
* opencl: add some tests to cover the path
* optimise GGML_OP_SUM
* add non-contiguous tests by permuting the input
* change tests to require full contiguity of OP_SUM
* cuda : add check GGML_OP_SUM
---------
Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
* CUDA set scheduling strategy to spinning for cc121
* Using prop.major and prop.minor, include HIP and MUSA
* Exclude HIP and MUSA
* Remove trailing whitespace
Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>
* Remove empty line
Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>
---------
Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>
* ggml : fix build broken with -march=armv9-a on MacOS
Signed-off-by: Jie Fu <jiefu@tencent.com>
* Add #pragma message
Signed-off-by: Jie Fu <jiefu@tencent.com>
* Address review comment.
Signed-off-by: Jie Fu <jiefu@tencent.com>
* Update ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.c
---------
Signed-off-by: Jie Fu <jiefu@tencent.com>
Co-authored-by: Diego Devesa <slarengh@gmail.com>
This commit fixes a CPU-side memory leak issue in the CANN backend,
which occurred when intermediate aclTensorList objects were not properly
released after operator execution. The leak happened during repeated
invocations of CANN ops (e.g., FlashAttention), leading to increasing
host memory usage over time.
Proper resource cleanup (aclDestroyTensorList and related release logic)
has been added to ensure that all temporary tensors are correctly freed.
Many Ascend operators internally use FP16 precision for computation.
If input data is in FP32, it must first be cast to FP16 before
computation, and then cast back to FP32 after computation, which
introduces unnecessary cast operations. Moreover, FP16 computation
requires significantly less workload compared to FP32, leading to
noticeable efficiency improvements.
In this change, `get_rows`, `rms_norm`, and `flash_attn_ext` are extended
to support multiple data types. Validation on the Qwen2 0.5b model shows
correct accuracy and about 10% performance gain in concurrent scenarios.
Co-authored-by: noemotiovon <757486878@qq.com>
* scaffold to support opt step adamw on metal (not written so far)
* add opt-step-adamw kernel for metal
* pass op->src[4] as a separate buffer to the pipeline
* add bounds check to opt-step-adamw kernel
* complete scaffold for GGML_OP_SUM
* naive GGML_OP_SUM kernel
* remove unwanted comment
* change OP_SUM capability gate
* Add has_simdgroup_reduction to both ops to pass CI
* fix/refactor OP argsort, pad
* fix count-equal op
* update SYCL OP list
* fix format issue
---------
Co-authored-by: Zhang Jianyu <zhang.jianyu@outlook.com>
The previous SVE implementation for `ggml_vec_dot_f16_unroll` contained a bug due to a copy-paste error. The wrong variable was used in an FMA instruction, leading to incorrect results. This commit corrects the variable usage and improves the clarity of the code by renaming variables to avoid confusion.
Co-authored-by: Aaron <shelhamer.aaron@gmail.com>
* CANN: improve ACL graph matching
Record `ne` and `nb` information for src tensors and include them in the
graph matching check. This enhances the robustness of ACL graph matching
by preventing incorrect matches when src tensors share the same data
address but differ in shape or stride.
* CANN: add op_params match
* refactor to support soft_max_ext
* fix error and support soft_max_back
* rm unused functions
* fix format issue
---------
Co-authored-by: Zhang Jianyu <zhang.jianyu@outlook.com>
* metal : better unroll in the FA kernels
* metal : index FA blocks
* tests : restore [no ci]
* metal : prevent division by zero in FA kernels
* metal : fix -INF detection logic
* Add profiling
* More detailed profiling
* Rework command submission to avoid global locks
* Update wait handling
* try new method of waiting on futures
* Add serializing of command submission in some cases
* Add new pool for timestamp queries and clean up logging
* Serialize command submission in CI and leave a TODO note
* Update webgpu CI
* Add myself as WebGPU codeowner
* Deadlock avoidance
* Leave WebGPU/Vulkan CI serialized
* Fix divide by 0
* Fix logic in division by inflight_threads
* Update CODEOWNERS and remove serialize submit option
* metal : pad K, V and Mask when needed
* cont : simplify
* cuda : add TODO about KV padding requirement
* metal : add comments
* metal : remove mask padding requirement
* tests : add -INF blocks to the KQ mask in the FA tests
* cont : bump -INF block size to 64
Co-authored-by: Jeff Bolz <jbolz@nvidia.com>
* ggml : prevent division by zero in FA CPU op
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeff Bolz <jbolz@nvidia.com>
* metal : ssm_scan minor opts
* metal : get_rows optimize
* metal : cpy optimize
* metal : ssm_conv opt
* metal : ssm_scan simplify
* metal : ssm_Scan opt
This commit updates the leftover handling in ggml_vec_scale_f32.
The motivation for this is that the code currently incorrectly assumes
there would be fewer than ggml_f32_epr leftover elements. However,
since the main loop processes 2*ggml_f32_epr elements per iteration
, there can be up to (2*ggml_f32_epr - 1) leftover elements.
The original single-pass leftover code could only process ggml_f32_epr
elements, leaving some elements unscaled.
Example scenario with 256-bit SVE:
```
ggml_f32_epr = 8 (elements per register)
ggml_f32_step = 16 (two registers per iteration)
n = 25
np = 16
leftovers = 9 elements (16-24)
Original : processes only elements 16-23, misses element 24
This commit : loop processes elements 16-23, then element 24
```
Refs: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/actions/runs/18070620247/job/51419855630
* rpc : add support for multiple devices
Allow rpc-server to expose multiple devices from a single endpoint.
Change RPC protocol to include device identifier where needed.
closes: #15210
* fixes
* use ggml_backend_reg_t
* address review comments
* fix llama-bench backend report
* address review comments, change device naming
* fix cmd order
* vulkan (DRAFT): split shader generation by GLSL source file, to improve incremental build times
* support dep-files so shaders are recompiled if their included files change
* rename shader files which are used as "headers" to use .glsl extension
* move glslc extension detection shaders to separate folders
* the above is to prevent them from getting glob'd with the actual compute shaders that need to be compiled
* vulkan : only write embedded shader .hpp/.cpp when they change
* avoid recompiling ggml-vulkan.cpp when editing shaders
* pass single --source argument instead of --input-dir & --filter to shader gen
* check for source file match earlier
* fix hang in vulkan-shaders-gen when there are compilation errors
* early out did not decrement compile_count
* clean up
* fix glslc integer dot product test
* unconditionally write the embedded shader cpp output
* replace output filepath in generated dep-files to match output in CMakeLists
---------
Co-authored-by: Jeff Bolz <jbolz@nvidia.com>
* vulkan: Replace uses of maxMemoryAllocationSize and VK_WHOLE_SIZE
Replace maxMemoryAllocationSize check with maxBufferSize when creating buffers.
The maxMemoryAllocationSize limit is a "soft" limit and allocations can succeed
beyond that limit. This allows > 4GB buffers to be allocated on some
implementations (e.g. NVIDIA) and tensors this large can be used for im2col
and mul_mat.
For temporary buffers (prealloc_x/y/etc) check against maxStorageBufferRange.
I'm not sure this check is ideal, but we always use these buffers as a single
full size binding and the limit may be smaller than maxMemoryAllocationSize
or maxBufferSize, so I think this is reasonable.
Replace descriptor range uses of VK_WHOLE_SIZE with a manually computed range.
The maxStorageBufferRange may be smaller than the maxBufferSize or
maxMemoryAllocationSize (and the Vulkan spec warns about this in a note) and
it's invalid usage if VK_WHOLE_SIZE computes a range larger than
maxStorageBufferRange.
With this change, it should be possible to generate videos using wan networks
in stable-diffusion.cpp.
* vulkan: Add env var GGML_VK_FORCE_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE and use stoull
When computing sinks, the cm1 shader was looping r from 0 to Br rather than
to rows_per_thread. I must have copied this from the scalar path (where it is
correct), and somehow it wasn't causing failures on current drivers.
* First attempt
* No permute during convert (fixes qk tensors), proper norm application.
* RoPE = NeoX
* Coherence!
* Migrate xielu params from tensors to hyperparameters
* Simple CUDA kernel
* Revert stupid LLM refactorings
* Chat template support
* configchecker / flake8 errors
* Reorder unary.cu
* I do conclude that LLMs are, in fact, stupid.
* Fix after merge
* Final newline
* Make xIELU an UNARY_OP
* Final newline
* Correctly account for parameter shift
* Argh.
* Update ggml/src/ggml-cpu/unary-ops.cpp
Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
* Refactor: remove unused methods, inline and factorize softplus, add const modifiers
* Revert CUDA changes, implement xIELU as a separate OP
* Pesky newline
* Add float2half / half2float for F16 inputs/outputs
* CUDA variants, attempt 2
* Actually, attempt 3
* Update ggml/src/ggml-cuda/unary.cu
Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>
* Missing convert header
* Proper formula and reference for xIELU in the comments.
* Modify unary-ops.cpp to add the functor-based logic besides the template system to retain optimizations
* Apply suggestions from code review
Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>
* Add tensor mappings for Apertus to global list instead
* Fix lazy on scalars
* Update ggml/src/ggml-cuda/unary.cu
Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>
* Add comment about the constraints on positive/negative alpha
* Change `softplus` to `ggml_softplus`
---------
Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>
Co-authored-by: Sigbjørn Skjæret <sigbjorn.skjaeret@scala.com>
* HIP: Disable ROCWMMA fatt on CDNA when compiled against ROCWMMA 2.0.0
rocwmma 2.0.0 includes a bug in the code fakeing fp16 accumulation on CDNA
* CUDA: Fix volta condition in ggml_cuda_should_use_wmma_fattn
* Work on rope
* Simplify inplace operation generation and combine mul/add generation
* Work on rope variants
* implement neox rope
* rope complete
* Add sub,div,glu operators
* implement scale op
* Update cpy shader to handle cont/more types
* formatting
* Update test vars printing for rope,rms_norm
* Avoid ROPE hardcoded constants
* Add TODO to change ROPE constants to enum
Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
* fix TODO comment
---------
Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
This PR adds additional information to an error message when loading backend library via ld_load_library() fails. This helps spotting why backend library did not load (missing library, missing dependency or unresolved symbol etc.).
leejet
Aman Gupta
Matthew Michel
Max Krasnyansky
Diego Devesa
sirus20x6
Johannes Gäßler
lhez
Jeff Bolz
YehuditE
safranowith
Aaron Teo
Shawn Gu
Radoslav Gerganov
Giuseppe Scrivano
muggle-stack
Ilia Ilmer
GittyBurstein
Chenguang Li
takuya kodama
yael-works
Sam/Samuel
Julius Tischbein
Georgi Gerganov
SavicStefan
Anav Prasad
Jie Fu (傅杰)
hipudding
Neo Zhang Jianyu
Prajwal B Mehendarkar
duduta
Charles Xu
ai-fonsi
Reese Levine
Daniel Bevenius
Eve
Acly
Piotr Wilkin (ilintar)
R0CKSTAR
uvos
alex-spacemit
Rafal Lewczuk
Sigbjørn Skjæret