Merge branch 'master' into compilade/convert-prequant

.devops/cuda.Dockerfile

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ RUN apt-get update \
     git \
     python3 \
     python3-pip \
+    && pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel \
     && pip install --break-system-packages -r requirements.txt \
     && apt autoremove -y \
     && apt clean -y \

.devops/vulkan.Dockerfile

@@ -2,14 +2,30 @@ ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=24.04
 
 FROM ubuntu:$UBUNTU_VERSION AS build
 
-# Install build tools
-RUN apt update && apt install -y git build-essential cmake wget
+# Ref: https://vulkan.lunarg.com/doc/sdk/latest/linux/getting_started.html
 
-# Install Vulkan SDK and cURL
-RUN wget -qO - https://packages.lunarg.com/lunarg-signing-key-pub.asc | apt-key add - && \
-    wget -qO /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lunarg-vulkan-noble.list https://packages.lunarg.com/vulkan/lunarg-vulkan-noble.list && \
-    apt update -y && \
-    apt-get install -y vulkan-sdk libcurl4-openssl-dev curl
+# Install build tools
+RUN apt update && apt install -y git build-essential cmake wget xz-utils
+
+# Install Vulkan SDK
+ARG VULKAN_VERSION=1.4.321.1
+RUN ARCH=$(uname -m) && \
+    wget -qO /tmp/vulkan-sdk.tar.xz https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/${VULKAN_VERSION}/linux/vulkan-sdk-linux-${ARCH}-${VULKAN_VERSION}.tar.xz && \
+    mkdir -p /opt/vulkan && \
+    tar -xf /tmp/vulkan-sdk.tar.xz -C /tmp --strip-components=1 && \
+    mv /tmp/${ARCH}/* /opt/vulkan/ && \
+    rm -rf /tmp/*
+
+# Install cURL and Vulkan SDK dependencies
+RUN apt install -y libcurl4-openssl-dev curl \
+    libxcb-xinput0 libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-cursor-dev
+
+# Set environment variables
+ENV VULKAN_SDK=/opt/vulkan
+ENV PATH=$VULKAN_SDK/bin:$PATH
+ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$VULKAN_SDK/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+ENV CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$VULKAN_SDK:$CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH
+ENV PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$VULKAN_SDK/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
 
 # Build it
 WORKDIR /app

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/010-bug-compilation.yml

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ body:
     attributes:
         label: GGML backends
         description: Which GGML backends do you know to be affected?
-        options: [AMX, BLAS, CPU, CUDA, HIP, Metal, Musa, RPC, SYCL, Vulkan, OpenCL]
+        options: [AMX, BLAS, CPU, CUDA, HIP, Metal, Musa, RPC, SYCL, Vulkan, OpenCL, zDNN]
         multiple: true
     validations:
       required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/011-bug-results.yml

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ body:
     attributes:
         label: GGML backends
         description: Which GGML backends do you know to be affected?
-        options: [AMX, BLAS, CPU, CUDA, HIP, Metal, Musa, RPC, SYCL, Vulkan, OpenCL]
+        options: [AMX, BLAS, CPU, CUDA, HIP, Metal, Musa, RPC, SYCL, Vulkan, OpenCL, zDNN]
         multiple: true
     validations:
       required: true

.github/copilot-instructions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+# Copilot Instructions for llama.cpp
+
+## Repository Overview
+
+llama.cpp is a large-scale C/C++ project for efficient LLM (Large Language Model) inference with minimal setup and dependencies. The project enables running language models on diverse hardware with state-of-the-art performance.
+
+**Key Facts:**
+- **Primary language**: C/C++ with Python utility scripts
+- **Size**: ~200k+ lines of code across 1000+ files
+- **Architecture**: Modular design with main library (`libllama`) and 40+ executable tools/examples
+- **Core dependency**: ggml tensor library (vendored in `ggml/` directory)
+- **Backends supported**: CPU (AVX/NEON optimized), CUDA, Metal, Vulkan, SYCL, ROCm, MUSA
+- **License**: MIT
+
+## Build Instructions
+
+### Prerequisites
+- CMake 3.14+ (primary build system)
+- C++17 compatible compiler (GCC 13.3+, Clang, MSVC)
+- Optional: ccache for faster compilation
+
+### Basic Build (CPU-only)
+**ALWAYS run these commands in sequence:**
+```bash
+cmake -B build
+cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
+```
+
+**Build time**: ~10 minutes on 4-core system with ccache enabled, ~25 minutes without ccache.
+
+**Important Notes:**
+- The Makefile is deprecated - always use CMake
+- ccache is automatically detected and used if available
+- Built binaries are placed in `build/bin/`
+- Parallel builds (`-j`) significantly reduce build time
+
+### Backend-Specific Builds
+For CUDA support:
+```bash
+cmake -B build -DGGML_CUDA=ON
+cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
+```
+
+For Metal (macOS):
+```bash
+cmake -B build -DGGML_METAL=ON
+cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
+```
+
+**Important Note**: While all backends can be built as long as the correct requirements for that backend are installed, you will not be able to run them without the correct hardware. The only backend that can be run for testing and validation is the CPU backend.
+
+### Debug Builds
+Single-config generators:
+```bash
+cmake -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
+cmake --build build
+```
+
+Multi-config generators:
+```bash
+cmake -B build -G "Xcode"
+cmake --build build --config Debug
+```
+
+### Common Build Issues
+- **Issue**: Network tests fail in isolated environments
+  **Solution**: Expected behavior - core functionality tests will still pass
+
+## Testing
+
+### Running Tests
+```bash
+ctest --test-dir build --output-on-failure -j $(nproc)
+```
+
+**Test suite**: 38 tests covering tokenizers, grammar parsing, sampling, backends, and integration
+**Expected failures**: 2-3 tests may fail if network access is unavailable (they download models)
+**Test time**: ~30 seconds for passing tests
+
+### Server Unit Tests
+Run server-specific unit tests after building the server:
+```bash
+# Build the server first
+cmake --build build --target llama-server
+
+# Navigate to server tests and run
+cd tools/server/tests
+source ../../../.venv/bin/activate
+./tests.sh
+```
+**Server test dependencies**: The `.venv` environment includes the required dependencies for server unit tests (pytest, aiohttp, etc.). Tests can be run individually or with various options as documented in `tools/server/tests/README.md`.
+
+### Test Categories
+- Tokenizer tests: Various model tokenizers (BERT, GPT-2, LLaMA, etc.)
+- Grammar tests: GBNF parsing and validation
+- Backend tests: Core ggml operations across different backends
+- Integration tests: End-to-end workflows
+
+### Manual Testing Commands
+```bash
+# Test basic inference
+./build/bin/llama-cli --version
+
+# Test model loading (requires model file)
+./build/bin/llama-cli -m path/to/model.gguf -p "Hello" -n 10
+```
+
+## Code Quality and Linting
+
+### C++ Code Formatting
+**ALWAYS format C++ code before committing:**
+```bash
+git clang-format
+```
+
+Configuration is in `.clang-format` with these key rules:
+- 4-space indentation
+- 120 column limit
+- Braces on same line for functions
+- Pointer alignment: `void * ptr` (middle)
+- Reference alignment: `int & ref` (middle)
+
+### Python Code
+**ALWAYS activate the Python environment in `.venv` and use tools from that environment:**
+```bash
+# Activate virtual environment
+source .venv/bin/activate
+```
+
+Configuration files:
+- `.flake8`: flake8 settings (max-line-length=125, excludes examples/tools)
+- `pyrightconfig.json`: pyright type checking configuration
+
+### Pre-commit Hooks
+Run before committing:
+```bash
+pre-commit run --all-files
+```
+
+## Continuous Integration
+
+### GitHub Actions Workflows
+Key workflows that run on every PR:
+- `.github/workflows/build.yml`: Multi-platform builds
+- `.github/workflows/server.yml`: Server functionality tests
+- `.github/workflows/python-lint.yml`: Python code quality
+- `.github/workflows/python-type-check.yml`: Python type checking
+
+### Local CI Validation
+**Run full CI locally before submitting PRs:**
+```bash
+mkdir tmp
+
+# CPU-only build
+bash ./ci/run.sh ./tmp/results ./tmp/mnt
+```
+
+**CI Runtime**: 30-60 minutes depending on backend configuration
+
+### Triggering CI
+Add `ggml-ci` to commit message to trigger heavy CI workloads on the custom CI infrastructure.
+
+## Project Layout and Architecture
+
+### Core Directories
+- **`src/`**: Main llama library implementation (`llama.cpp`, `llama-*.cpp`)
+- **`include/`**: Public API headers, primarily `include/llama.h`
+- **`ggml/`**: Core tensor library (submodule with custom GGML framework)
+- **`examples/`**: 30+ example applications and tools
+- **`tools/`**: Additional development and utility tools (server benchmarks, tests)
+- **`tests/`**: Comprehensive test suite with CTest integration
+- **`docs/`**: Detailed documentation (build guides, API docs, etc.)
+- **`scripts/`**: Utility scripts for CI, data processing, and automation
+- **`common/`**: Shared utility code used across examples
+
+### Key Files
+- **`CMakeLists.txt`**: Primary build configuration
+- **`include/llama.h`**: Main C API header (~2000 lines)
+- **`src/llama.cpp`**: Core library implementation (~8000 lines)
+- **`CONTRIBUTING.md`**: Coding guidelines and PR requirements
+- **`.clang-format`**: C++ formatting rules
+- **`.pre-commit-config.yaml`**: Git hook configuration
+
+### Built Executables (in `build/bin/`)
+Primary tools:
+- **`llama-cli`**: Main inference tool
+- **`llama-server`**: OpenAI-compatible HTTP server
+- **`llama-quantize`**: Model quantization utility
+- **`llama-perplexity`**: Model evaluation tool
+- **`llama-bench`**: Performance benchmarking
+- **`llama-convert-llama2c-to-ggml`**: Model conversion utilities
+
+### Configuration Files
+- **CMake**: `CMakeLists.txt`, `cmake/` directory
+- **Linting**: `.clang-format`, `.clang-tidy`, `.flake8`
+- **CI**: `.github/workflows/`, `ci/run.sh`
+- **Git**: `.gitignore` (includes build artifacts, models, cache)
+
+### Dependencies
+- **System**: OpenMP, libcurl (for model downloading)
+- **Optional**: CUDA SDK, Metal framework, Vulkan SDK, Intel oneAPI
+- **Bundled**: httplib, json (header-only libraries in vendored form)
+
+## Common Validation Steps
+
+### After Making Changes
+1. **Format code**: `git clang-format`
+2. **Build**: `cmake --build build --config Release`
+3. **Test**: `ctest --test-dir build --output-on-failure`
+4. **Server tests** (if modifying server): `cd tools/server/tests && source ../../../.venv/bin/activate && ./tests.sh`
+5. **Manual validation**: Test relevant tools in `build/bin/`
+
+### Performance Validation
+```bash
+# Benchmark inference performance
+./build/bin/llama-bench -m model.gguf
+
+# Evaluate model perplexity
+./build/bin/llama-perplexity -m model.gguf -f dataset.txt
+```
+
+### Backend Validation
+```bash
+# Test backend operations
+./build/bin/test-backend-ops
+```
+
+## Environment Setup
+
+### Required Tools
+- CMake 3.14+ (install via system package manager)
+- Modern C++ compiler with C++17 support
+- Git (for submodule management)
+- Python 3.9+ with virtual environment (`.venv` is provided)
+
+### Optional but Recommended
+- ccache: `apt install ccache` or `brew install ccache`
+- clang-format 15+: Usually included with LLVM/Clang installation
+- pre-commit: `pip install pre-commit`
+
+### Backend-Specific Requirements
+- **CUDA**: NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit 11.2+
+- **Metal**: Xcode command line tools (macOS only)
+- **Vulkan**: Vulkan SDK
+- **SYCL**: Intel oneAPI toolkit
+
+## Important Guidelines
+
+### Code Changes
+- **Minimal dependencies**: Avoid adding new external dependencies
+- **Cross-platform compatibility**: Test on Linux, macOS, Windows when possible
+- **Performance focus**: This is a performance-critical inference library
+- **API stability**: Changes to `include/llama.h` require careful consideration
+
+### Git Workflow
+- Always create feature branches from `master`
+- **Never** commit build artifacts (`build/`, `.ccache/`, `*.o`, `*.gguf`)
+- Use descriptive commit messages following project conventions
+
+### Trust These Instructions
+Only search for additional information if these instructions are incomplete or found to be incorrect. This document contains validated build and test procedures that work reliably across different environments.
+

.github/labeler.yml

@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ Vulkan:
         - any-glob-to-any-file:
             - ggml/include/ggml-vulkan.h
             - ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/**
+IBM zDNN:
+    - changed-files:
+        - any-glob-to-any-file:
+            - ggml/include/ggml-zdnn.h
+            - ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/**
 documentation:
     - changed-files:
         - any-glob-to-any-file:

.github/workflows/build-riscv-native.yml

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 name: Build on RISCV Linux Machine by Cloud-V
 on:
+  pull_request:
   workflow_dispatch:
   workflow_call:
 
 jobs:
-  bianbu-riscv64-native: # Bianbu 2.2
+  debian-13-riscv64-native: # Bianbu 2.2
     runs-on: self-hosted
 
     steps:
@@ -20,11 +21,25 @@ jobs:
                   build-essential \
                   gcc-14-riscv64-linux-gnu \
                   g++-14-riscv64-linux-gnu \
+                  ccache \
                   cmake
 
+      - name: Setup ccache
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p $HOME/.ccache
+          ccache -M 5G -d $HOME/.ccache
+          export CCACHE_LOGFILE=/home/runneruser/ccache_debug/ccache.log
+          export CCACHE_DEBUGDIR="/home/runneruser/ccache_debug"
+          echo "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE"
+          echo "CCACHE_LOGFILE=$CCACHE_LOGFILE" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "CCACHE_DEBUGDIR=$CCACHE_DEBUGDIR" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "CCACHE_BASEDIR=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "CCACHE_DIR=$HOME/.ccache" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
       - name: Build
         run: |
-          cmake -B build -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF \
+          cmake -B build \
+            -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
             -DGGML_OPENMP=OFF \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \
@@ -34,6 +49,8 @@ jobs:
             -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=riscv64 \
             -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc-14 \
             -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=riscv64-linux-gnu-g++-14 \
+            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=ccache \
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=ccache \
             -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON \
             -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH=/usr/lib/riscv64-linux-gnu \
             -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM=NEVER \

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: macOS-latest-cmake-arm64
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: macOS-latest-cmake-x64
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: macOS-latest-cmake-arm64-webgpu
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: ubuntu-cpu-cmake
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: ubuntu-latest-cmake-sanitizer-${{ matrix.sanitizer }}
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: ubuntu-latest-cmake-rpc
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: ubuntu-22-cmake-vulkan
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: ubuntu-22-cmake-webgpu
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ jobs:
           sudo apt-get install -y build-essential git cmake rocblas-dev hipblas-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: ubuntu-22-cmake-hip
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ jobs:
           apt-get install -y build-essential git cmake libcurl4-openssl-dev
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: ubuntu-22-cmake-musa
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: ubuntu-22-cmake-sycl
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: ubuntu-22-cmake-sycl-fp16
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: macOS-latest-cmake-ios
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: macOS-latest-cmake-tvos
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: macOS-latest-swift
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: windows-msys2
           variant: ccache
@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: windows-latest-cmake-${{ matrix.build }}
           variant: ccache
@@ -948,7 +948,7 @@ jobs:
               apt install -y cmake build-essential ninja-build libgomp1 git libcurl4-openssl-dev
 
         - name: ccache
-          uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+          uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
           with:
             key: ubuntu-latest-cmake-cuda
             evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -977,7 +977,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Install ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: windows-cuda-${{ matrix.cuda }}
           variant: ccache
@@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: windows-latest-cmake-sycl
           variant: ccache
@@ -1070,7 +1070,8 @@ jobs:
           write-host "Downloading AMD HIP SDK Installer"
           Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://download.amd.com/developer/eula/rocm-hub/AMD-Software-PRO-Edition-24.Q3-WinSvr2022-For-HIP.exe" -OutFile "${env:RUNNER_TEMP}\rocm-install.exe"
           write-host "Installing AMD HIP SDK"
-          Start-Process "${env:RUNNER_TEMP}\rocm-install.exe" -ArgumentList '-install' -NoNewWindow -Wait
+          $proc = Start-Process "${env:RUNNER_TEMP}\rocm-install.exe" -ArgumentList '-install' -NoNewWindow -PassThru
+          $proc.WaitForExit(600000)
           write-host "Completed AMD HIP SDK installation"
 
       - name: Verify ROCm
@@ -1079,7 +1080,7 @@ jobs:
           & 'C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm\*\bin\clang.exe' --version
 
       - name: Install ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: ${{ github.job }}
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -1113,6 +1114,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout code
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
+      - name: Setup Xcode
+        uses: maxim-lobanov/setup-xcode@v1
+        with:
+          xcode-version: latest-stable
+
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
         run: |
@@ -1146,7 +1152,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: android-build
           evict-old-files: 1d

.github/workflows/copilot-setup-steps.yml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: copilot-setup-steps
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           sudo apt-get update
           sudo apt-get install build-essential libcurl4-openssl-dev
+          # Install git-clang-format script for formatting only changed code
+          wget -O /tmp/git-clang-format https://raw.githubusercontent.com/llvm/llvm-project/release/18.x/clang/tools/clang-format/git-clang-format
+          sudo cp /tmp/git-clang-format /usr/local/bin/git-clang-format
+          sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/git-clang-format
 
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@v5
@@ -50,4 +54,4 @@ jobs:
           python3 -m venv .venv
           .venv/bin/activate
           pip install -r requirements/requirements-all.txt -r tools/server/tests/requirements.txt
-          pip install flake8 pyright
+          pip install flake8 pyright pre-commit

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: macOS-latest-cmake-arm64
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: macOS-latest-cmake-x64
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: ubuntu-cpu-cmake
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: ubuntu-22-cmake-vulkan
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: windows-latest-cmake-cpu-${{ matrix.arch }}
           variant: ccache
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: windows-latest-cmake-${{ matrix.backend }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
           variant: ccache
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Install ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: windows-cuda-${{ matrix.cuda }}
           variant: ccache
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: windows-latest-cmake-sycl
           variant: ccache
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ jobs:
           git clone https://github.com/rocm/rocwmma --branch rocm-6.2.4 --depth 1
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: windows-latest-cmake-hip-${{ matrix.name }}-x64
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -557,7 +557,8 @@ jobs:
           write-host "Downloading AMD HIP SDK Installer"
           Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://download.amd.com/developer/eula/rocm-hub/AMD-Software-PRO-Edition-24.Q3-WinSvr2022-For-HIP.exe" -OutFile "${env:RUNNER_TEMP}\rocm-install.exe"
           write-host "Installing AMD HIP SDK"
-          Start-Process "${env:RUNNER_TEMP}\rocm-install.exe" -ArgumentList '-install' -NoNewWindow -Wait
+          $proc = Start-Process "${env:RUNNER_TEMP}\rocm-install.exe" -ArgumentList '-install' -NoNewWindow -PassThru
+          $proc.WaitForExit(600000)
           write-host "Completed AMD HIP SDK installation"
 
       - name: Verify ROCm
@@ -600,7 +601,7 @@ jobs:
           name: llama-bin-win-hip-${{ matrix.name }}-x64.zip
 
   ios-xcode-build:
-    runs-on: macos-latest
+    runs-on: macos-15
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
@@ -608,6 +609,10 @@ jobs:
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
+      - name: Setup Xcode
+        run: |
+          sudo xcode-select -s /Applications/Xcode_16.4.app
+
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
         run: |

.gitignore

@@ -147,3 +147,4 @@ poetry.toml
 # Local scripts
 /run-vim.sh
 /run-chat.sh
+.ccache/

CODEOWNERS

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 /tools/server/ @ngxson
 /ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn* @JohannesGaessler
 /ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmq.* @JohannesGaessler
-/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmv.* @JohannesGaessler
 /ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvq.* @JohannesGaessler
 /ggml/src/ggml-opt.cpp @JohannesGaessler
 /ggml/src/gguf.cpp @JohannesGaessler
 /ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ @0cc4m
+/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/ @taronaeo

README.md

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ LLM inference in C/C++
 
 ## Hot topics
 
+- **[guide : running gpt-oss with llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/15396)**
 - **[[FEEDBACK] Better packaging for llama.cpp to support downstream consumers 🤗](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/15313)**
 - Support for the `gpt-oss` model with native MXFP4 format has been added | [PR](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/15091) | [Collaboration with NVIDIA](https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/rtx-ai-garage-openai-oss) | [Comment](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/15095)
 - Hot PRs: [All](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pulls?q=is%3Apr+label%3Ahot+) | [Open](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pulls?q=is%3Apr+label%3Ahot+is%3Aopen)
@@ -136,6 +137,7 @@ Instructions for adding support for new models: [HOWTO-add-model.md](docs/develo
 - [X] [Trillion-7B-preview](https://huggingface.co/trillionlabs/Trillion-7B-preview)
 - [x] [Ling models](https://huggingface.co/collections/inclusionAI/ling-67c51c85b34a7ea0aba94c32)
 - [x] [LFM2 models](https://huggingface.co/collections/LiquidAI/lfm2-686d721927015b2ad73eaa38)
+- [x] [Hunyuan models](https://huggingface.co/collections/tencent/hunyuan-dense-model-6890632cda26b19119c9c5e7)
 
 #### Multimodal
 
@@ -150,6 +152,7 @@ Instructions for adding support for new models: [HOWTO-add-model.md](docs/develo
 - [x] [Bunny](https://github.com/BAAI-DCAI/Bunny)
 - [x] [GLM-EDGE](https://huggingface.co/models?search=glm-edge)
 - [x] [Qwen2-VL](https://huggingface.co/collections/Qwen/qwen2-vl-66cee7455501d7126940800d)
+- [x] [LFM2-VL](https://huggingface.co/collections/LiquidAI/lfm2-vl-68963bbc84a610f7638d5ffa)
 
 </details>
 

ci/run.sh

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ function gg_wget {
     cd $out
 
     # should not re-download if file is the same
-    wget -nv -N $url
+    wget -nv -c -N $url
 
     cd $cwd
 }
@@ -386,10 +386,10 @@ function gg_run_open_llama_7b_v2 {
 
     (time ./bin/llama-imatrix --model ${model_f16} -f ${wiki_test} -t 1 -ngl 99 -c 2048 -b 512 --chunks 4 ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-imatrix.log
 
-    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 10 -c 0     ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
-    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 10 -c 0 -fa ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
-    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0     ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
-    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0 -fa ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
+    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 10 -c 0 -fa off ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
+    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 10 -c 0 -fa on  ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
+    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0 -fa off ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
+    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0 -fa on  ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
 
     function check_ppl {
         qnt="$1"
@@ -520,8 +520,8 @@ function gg_run_pythia_1_4b {
 
     (time ./bin/llama-imatrix --model ${model_f16} -f ${wiki_test_60} -ngl 99 -c 128 -b 128 --chunks 1 ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-imatrix.log
 
-    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0     ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
-    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0 -fa ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
+    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0 -fa off ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
+    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0 -fa on  ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
 
     function check_ppl {
         qnt="$1"
@@ -651,10 +651,10 @@ function gg_run_pythia_2_8b {
 
     (time ./bin/llama-imatrix --model ${model_f16} -f ${wiki_test} -t 1 -ngl 99 -c 2048 -b 512 --chunks 4 ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-imatrix.log
 
-    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 10 -c 0     ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
-    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 10 -c 0 -fa ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
-    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0     ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
-    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0 -fa ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
+    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 10 -c 0 -fa off ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
+    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 10 -c 0 -fa on  ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
+    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0 -fa off ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
+    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0 -fa on  ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
 
     function check_ppl {
         qnt="$1"

common/arg.cpp

@@ -1106,7 +1106,7 @@ static void common_params_print_completion(common_params_context & ctx_arg) {
     printf("\"\n\n");
 
     printf("    case \"$prev\" in\n");
-    printf("        --model)\n");
+    printf("        --model|-m)\n");
     printf("            COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -f -X '!*.gguf' -- \"$cur\") $(compgen -d -- \"$cur\") )\n");
     printf("            return 0\n");
     printf("            ;;\n");
@@ -1530,6 +1530,13 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.ctx_shift = false;
         }
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_IMATRIX, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PERPLEXITY}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_NO_CONTEXT_SHIFT"));
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"--context-shift"},
+        string_format("enables context shift on infinite text generation (default: %s)", params.ctx_shift ? "enabled" : "disabled"),
+        [](common_params & params) {
+            params.ctx_shift = true;
+        }
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_IMATRIX, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PERPLEXITY}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_CONTEXT_SHIFT"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--chunks"}, "N",
         string_format("max number of chunks to process (default: %d, -1 = all)", params.n_chunks),
@@ -1538,10 +1545,18 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
         }
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_IMATRIX, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PERPLEXITY, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_RETRIEVAL}));
     add_opt(common_arg(
-        {"-fa", "--flash-attn"},
-        string_format("enable Flash Attention (default: %s)", params.flash_attn ? "enabled" : "disabled"),
-        [](common_params & params) {
-            params.flash_attn = true;
+        {"-fa", "--flash-attn"}, "FA",
+        string_format("set Flash Attention use ('on', 'off', or 'auto', default: '%s')", llama_flash_attn_type_name(params.flash_attn_type)),
+        [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
+            if (value == "on" || value == "enabled") {
+                params.flash_attn_type = LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_ENABLED;
+            } else if (value == "off" || value == "disabled") {
+                params.flash_attn_type = LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_DISABLED;
+            } else if (value == "auto") {
+                params.flash_attn_type = LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_AUTO;
+            } else {
+                throw std::runtime_error(string_format("error: unkown value for --flash-attn: '%s'\n", value.c_str()));
+            }
         }
     ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_FLASH_ATTN"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
@@ -1748,7 +1763,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
         [](common_params & params) {
             params.warmup = false;
         }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EMBEDDING, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_RETRIEVAL}));
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EMBEDDING, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_RETRIEVAL, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PERPLEXITY}));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--spm-infill"},
         string_format(
@@ -1823,7 +1838,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
         [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
             params.sampling.top_n_sigma = std::stof(value);
         }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN}).set_sparam());
+    ).set_sparam());
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--xtc-probability"}, "N",
         string_format("xtc probability (default: %.1f, 0.0 = disabled)", (double)params.sampling.xtc_probability),
@@ -2247,9 +2262,11 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PERPLEXITY}));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"-dt", "--defrag-thold"}, "N",
-        string_format("KV cache defragmentation threshold (default: %.1f, < 0 - disabled)", (double)params.defrag_thold),
+        string_format("KV cache defragmentation threshold (DEPRECATED)"),
         [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.defrag_thold = std::stof(value);
+            GGML_UNUSED(params);
+            GGML_UNUSED(value);
+            LOG_WRN("DEPRECATED: --defrag-thold is deprecated and no longer necessary to specify\n");
         }
     ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_DEFRAG_THOLD"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
@@ -2546,7 +2563,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
         {"--lora"}, "FNAME",
         "path to LoRA adapter (can be repeated to use multiple adapters)",
         [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.lora_adapters.push_back({ std::string(value), 1.0, nullptr });
+            params.lora_adapters.push_back({ std::string(value), 1.0, "", "", nullptr });
         }
         // we define this arg on both COMMON and EXPORT_LORA, so when showing help message of export-lora, it will be categorized as "example-specific" arg
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMMON, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EXPORT_LORA}));
@@ -2554,7 +2571,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
         {"--lora-scaled"}, "FNAME", "SCALE",
         "path to LoRA adapter with user defined scaling (can be repeated to use multiple adapters)",
         [](common_params & params, const std::string & fname, const std::string & scale) {
-            params.lora_adapters.push_back({ fname, std::stof(scale), nullptr });
+            params.lora_adapters.push_back({ fname, std::stof(scale), "", "", nullptr });
         }
         // we define this arg on both COMMON and EXPORT_LORA, so when showing help message of export-lora, it will be categorized as "example-specific" arg
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMMON, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EXPORT_LORA}));
@@ -2945,13 +2962,6 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.endpoint_metrics = true;
         }
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_ENDPOINT_METRICS"));
-    add_opt(common_arg(
-        {"--slots"},
-        string_format("enable slots monitoring endpoint (default: %s)", params.endpoint_slots ? "enabled" : "disabled"),
-        [](common_params & params) {
-            params.endpoint_slots = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_ENDPOINT_SLOTS"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--props"},
         string_format("enable changing global properties via POST /props (default: %s)", params.endpoint_props ? "enabled" : "disabled"),
@@ -2959,6 +2969,13 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.endpoint_props = true;
         }
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_ENDPOINT_PROPS"));
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"--slots"},
+        string_format("enable slots monitoring endpoint (default: %s)", params.endpoint_slots ? "enabled" : "disabled"),
+        [](common_params & params) {
+            params.endpoint_slots = true;
+        }
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_ENDPOINT_SLOTS"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--no-slots"},
         "disables slots monitoring endpoint",
@@ -3450,8 +3467,6 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.model.hf_repo = "ggml-org/Qwen2.5-Coder-1.5B-Q8_0-GGUF";
             params.model.hf_file = "qwen2.5-coder-1.5b-q8_0.gguf";
             params.port = 8012;
-            params.n_gpu_layers = 99;
-            params.flash_attn = true;
             params.n_ubatch = 1024;
             params.n_batch = 1024;
             params.n_ctx = 0;
@@ -3466,8 +3481,6 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.model.hf_repo = "ggml-org/Qwen2.5-Coder-3B-Q8_0-GGUF";
             params.model.hf_file = "qwen2.5-coder-3b-q8_0.gguf";
             params.port = 8012;
-            params.n_gpu_layers = 99;
-            params.flash_attn = true;
             params.n_ubatch = 1024;
             params.n_batch = 1024;
             params.n_ctx = 0;
@@ -3482,8 +3495,6 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.model.hf_repo = "ggml-org/Qwen2.5-Coder-7B-Q8_0-GGUF";
             params.model.hf_file = "qwen2.5-coder-7b-q8_0.gguf";
             params.port = 8012;
-            params.n_gpu_layers = 99;
-            params.flash_attn = true;
             params.n_ubatch = 1024;
             params.n_batch = 1024;
             params.n_ctx = 0;
@@ -3499,10 +3510,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.model.hf_file = "qwen2.5-coder-7b-q8_0.gguf";
             params.speculative.model.hf_repo = "ggml-org/Qwen2.5-Coder-0.5B-Q8_0-GGUF";
             params.speculative.model.hf_file = "qwen2.5-coder-0.5b-q8_0.gguf";
-            params.speculative.n_gpu_layers = 99;
             params.port = 8012;
-            params.n_gpu_layers = 99;
-            params.flash_attn = true;
             params.n_ubatch = 1024;
             params.n_batch = 1024;
             params.n_ctx = 0;
@@ -3518,10 +3526,21 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.model.hf_file = "qwen2.5-coder-14b-q8_0.gguf";
             params.speculative.model.hf_repo = "ggml-org/Qwen2.5-Coder-0.5B-Q8_0-GGUF";
             params.speculative.model.hf_file = "qwen2.5-coder-0.5b-q8_0.gguf";
-            params.speculative.n_gpu_layers = 99;
             params.port = 8012;
-            params.n_gpu_layers = 99;
-            params.flash_attn = true;
+            params.n_ubatch = 1024;
+            params.n_batch = 1024;
+            params.n_ctx = 0;
+            params.n_cache_reuse = 256;
+        }
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
+
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"--fim-qwen-30b-default"},
+        string_format("use default Qwen 3 Coder 30B A3B Instruct (note: can download weights from the internet)"),
+        [](common_params & params) {
+            params.model.hf_repo = "ggml-org/Qwen3-Coder-30B-A3B-Instruct-Q8_0-GGUF";
+            params.model.hf_file = "qwen3-coder-30b-a3b-instruct-q8_0.gguf";
+            params.port = 8012;
             params.n_ubatch = 1024;
             params.n_batch = 1024;
             params.n_ctx = 0;

common/chat.cpp

@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ struct templates_params {
     json extra_context;
     bool add_bos;
     bool add_eos;
+    bool is_inference = true;
 };
 
 common_chat_tool_choice common_chat_tool_choice_parse_oaicompat(const std::string & tool_choice) {
@@ -621,6 +622,7 @@ const char * common_chat_format_name(common_chat_format format) {
         case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_COMMAND_R7B: return "Command R7B";
         case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GRANITE: return "Granite";
         case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GPT_OSS: return "GPT-OSS";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_SEED_OSS: return "Seed-OSS";
         default:
             throw std::runtime_error("Unknown chat format");
     }
@@ -632,7 +634,6 @@ const char * common_reasoning_format_name(common_reasoning_format format) {
         case COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_AUTO:     return "auto";
         case COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK: return "deepseek";
         case COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_LEGACY: return "deepseek-legacy";
-        case COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_GRANITE: return "granite";
         default:
             throw std::runtime_error("Unknown reasoning format");
     }
@@ -1337,6 +1338,17 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_gpt_oss(const common_chat_temp
     common_chat_params data;
     auto prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs);
 
+    // Check if we need to replace the return token with end token during
+    // inference and without generation prompt. For more details see:
+    // https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/15417
+    if (inputs.is_inference && !inputs.add_generation_prompt) {
+        static constexpr std::string_view return_token = "<|return|>";
+        static constexpr std::string_view end_token    = "<|end|>";
+        if (size_t pos = prompt.rfind(return_token); pos != std::string::npos) {
+            prompt.replace(pos, return_token.length(), end_token);
+        }
+    }
+
     data.prompt = prompt;
     data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GPT_OSS;
 
@@ -1350,6 +1362,26 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_gpt_oss(const common_chat_temp
         "<|end|>",
     };
 
+    if (!inputs.json_schema.is_null()) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = false;
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            auto schema = inputs.json_schema;
+            builder.resolve_refs(schema);
+
+            auto not_end = builder.add_rule("not-end",
+                "[^<] | \"<\" [^|] | \"<|\" [^e] | \"<|e\" [^n] | \"<|en\" [^d] | \"<|end\" [^|] | \"<|end|\" [^>]");
+            auto analysis = builder.add_rule("analysis",
+                "\"<|channel|>analysis<|message|>\" ( " + not_end + " )* \"<|end|>\"");
+            auto constraint = builder.add_rule("constraint", "\"<|constrain|>\"? [a-zA-Z0-9_-]+");
+            auto final = builder.add_rule("final",
+                "\"<|channel|>final\" ( \" \" " + constraint + " )? \"<|message|>\" " +
+                builder.add_schema("response", schema)
+            );
+
+            builder.add_rule("root", "( " + analysis + " \"<|start|>assistant\" )? " + final);
+        });
+    }
+
     if (inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty()) {
         data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
         data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
@@ -2028,6 +2060,94 @@ static void common_chat_parse_granite(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
     }
 }
 
+static void common_chat_parse_seed_oss(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
+    // Parse thinking tags first - this handles the main reasoning content
+    builder.try_parse_reasoning("<seed:think>", "</seed:think>");
+
+    if (!builder.syntax().parse_tool_calls) {
+        builder.add_content(builder.consume_rest());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Parse tool calls - Seed-OSS uses <seed:tool_call> format
+    static const common_regex tool_call_begin_regex("<seed:tool_call>");
+    static const common_regex tool_call_end_regex("</seed:tool_call>");
+    static const common_regex function_regex("<function=([^>]+)>");
+    static const common_regex param_regex("<parameter=([^>]+)>");
+
+    while (auto tool_res = builder.try_find_regex(tool_call_begin_regex)) {
+        builder.consume_spaces();  // Consume whitespace after <seed:tool_call>
+
+        // Look for function call inside tool call, ignore any content before it
+        if (auto func_res = builder.try_find_regex(function_regex, std::string::npos, false)) {
+            auto function_name = builder.str(func_res->groups[1]);
+
+            // Parse Seed-OSS parameters <parameter=name>value</parameter>
+            json args = json::object();
+            // Parse all parameters
+            while (auto param_res = builder.try_find_regex(param_regex, std::string::npos, false)) {
+                // again, ignore noise around parameters
+                auto param_name = builder.str(param_res->groups[1]);
+                builder.move_to(param_res->groups[0].end);
+                builder.consume_spaces();  // Consume whitespace after parameter
+                auto savedPos = builder.pos();
+                if (auto param_parse = builder.try_find_literal("</parameter>")) {
+                    auto param = param_parse->prelude;
+                    builder.move_to(savedPos);
+                    try {
+                        if (auto param_res = builder.try_consume_json()) {
+                            args[param_name] = param_res->json;
+                        } else {
+                            args[param_name] = param;
+                        }
+                    } catch (json::exception &) {
+                        args[param_name] = param;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Incomplete tool parameter");
+                }
+            }
+            // Look for closing function tag
+            auto end_func = builder.try_find_literal("</function>");
+            if (end_func) {
+                builder.move_to(end_func->groups[0].end);
+                builder.consume_spaces();  // Consume whitespace after </function>
+
+                // Add the tool call with parsed arguments, but only if we REALLY got the literal
+                auto eaten_fragment = builder.input().substr(end_func->groups[0].begin, end_func->groups[0].end);
+                auto funlen = std::string("</function>").length();
+                if (eaten_fragment.length() >= funlen && eaten_fragment.substr(0, funlen) == std::string("</function>")) {
+                    if (!builder.add_tool_call(function_name, "", args.dump())) {
+                        throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Incomplete tool call");
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Incomplete tool call");
+                }
+            } else {
+                throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Incomplete tool call");
+            }
+            // Look for closing tool call tag
+            if (auto end_tool = builder.try_find_regex(tool_call_end_regex, std::string::npos, false)) {
+                builder.move_to(end_tool->groups[0].end);
+                builder.consume_spaces();  // Consume trailing whitespace after tool call
+            } else {
+                throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Incomplete tool call");
+            }
+        } else {
+            // No function found - don't consume content here, let it be handled at the end
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Consume any remaining whitespace after all tool call processing
+    builder.consume_spaces();
+    auto remaining = builder.consume_rest();
+    // If there's any non-whitespace content remaining, add it as content
+    if (!string_strip(remaining).empty()) {
+        builder.add_content(remaining);
+    }
+}
+
 static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_without_tools(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
     common_chat_params data;
     data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs);
@@ -2044,6 +2164,60 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_without_tools(const common_cha
     return data;
 }
 
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_seed_oss(
+    const common_chat_template         & tmpl,
+    templates_params                   & params,
+    const common_chat_templates_inputs & inputs)
+{
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, params);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_SEED_OSS;
+    if (string_ends_with(data.prompt, "<seed:think>")) {
+        if (!inputs.enable_thinking) {
+            data.prompt += "</seed:think>";
+        } else {
+            data.thinking_forced_open = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (params.tools.is_array() && !params.tools.empty()) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+        data.grammar      = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            std::vector<std::string> tool_rules;
+            foreach_function(params.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function   = tool.at("function");
+                std::string  name       = function.at("name");
+                auto         parameters = function.at("parameters");
+                builder.resolve_refs(parameters);
+
+                // Create rule for Seed-OSS function call format
+                std::string param_rules;
+                if (parameters.contains("properties")) {
+                    for (const auto & [key, value] : parameters.at("properties").items()) {
+                        param_rules += "\"<parameter=" + key + ">\"" + builder.add_schema(name + "-arg-" + key, value) +
+                                       "\"</parameter>\"";
+                    }
+                }
+
+                tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule(name + "-call",
+                                                      "\"<seed:tool_call>\" space \"<function=" + name + ">\" space " +
+                                                          param_rules +
+                                                          " \"</function>\" space \"</seed:tool_call>\""));
+            });
+
+            data.grammar_triggers.push_back({ COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "<seed:tool_call>" });
+
+            data.preserved_tokens = {
+                "<seed:think>", "</seed:think>", "<seed:tool_call>", "</seed:tool_call>",
+                "<function=",   "</function>",   "<parameter=",      "</parameter>",
+            };
+
+            builder.add_rule("root", string_join(tool_rules, " | "));
+        });
+    }
+    return data;
+}
+
 static common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply_jinja(
     const struct common_chat_templates        * tmpls,
     const struct common_chat_templates_inputs & inputs)
@@ -2061,8 +2235,8 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply_jinja(
     params.enable_thinking = inputs.enable_thinking;
     params.grammar = inputs.grammar;
     params.now = inputs.now;
-    params.add_bos = inputs.add_bos;
-    params.add_eos = inputs.add_eos;
+    params.add_bos = tmpls->add_bos;
+    params.add_eos = tmpls->add_eos;
 
     params.extra_context = json::object();
     for (auto el : inputs.chat_template_kwargs) {
@@ -2110,10 +2284,15 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply_jinja(
     }
 
     // GPT-OSS
-    if (src.find("<|channel|>") != std::string::npos && params.json_schema.is_null()) {
+    if (src.find("<|channel|>") != std::string::npos) {
         return common_chat_params_init_gpt_oss(tmpl, params);
     }
 
+    // Seed-OSS
+    if (src.find("<seed:think>") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_seed_oss(tmpl, params, inputs);
+    }
+
     // Use generic handler when mixing tools + JSON schema.
     // TODO: support that mix in handlers below.
     if ((params.tools.is_array() && params.json_schema.is_object())) {
@@ -2272,6 +2451,9 @@ static void common_chat_parse(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
         case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GPT_OSS:
             common_chat_parse_gpt_oss(builder);
             break;
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_SEED_OSS:
+            common_chat_parse_seed_oss(builder);
+            break;
         default:
             throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Unsupported format: ") + common_chat_format_name(builder.syntax().format));
     }

common/chat.h

@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ enum common_chat_format {
     COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_COMMAND_R7B,
     COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GRANITE,
     COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GPT_OSS,
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_SEED_OSS,
 
     COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_COUNT, // Not a format, just the # formats
 };

common/common.cpp

@@ -558,13 +558,6 @@ std::string string_from(const struct llama_context * ctx, const std::vector<llam
 
         auto detokenized = common_token_to_piece(ctx, token);
 
-        detokenized.erase(
-            std::remove_if(
-                detokenized.begin(),
-                detokenized.end(),
-                [](const unsigned char c) { return !std::isprint(c); }),
-            detokenized.end());
-
         buf << "'" << detokenized << "'"
             << ":" << std::to_string(token);
     }
@@ -589,13 +582,6 @@ std::string string_from(const struct llama_context * ctx, const struct llama_bat
 
         auto detokenized = common_token_to_piece(ctx, batch.token[i]);
 
-        detokenized.erase(
-                std::remove_if(
-                    detokenized.begin(),
-                    detokenized.end(),
-                    [](const unsigned char c) { return !std::isprint(c); }),
-                detokenized.end());
-
         buf << "\n"          << std::to_string(i)
             << ", token '"   << detokenized << "'"
             << ", pos "      << std::to_string(batch.pos[i])
@@ -915,7 +901,8 @@ struct common_init_result common_init_from_params(common_params & params) {
 
     llama_model * model = llama_model_load_from_file(params.model.path.c_str(), mparams);
     if (model == NULL) {
-        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to load model '%s'\n", __func__, params.model.path.c_str());
+        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to load model '%s', try reducing --n-gpu-layers if you're running out of VRAM\n",
+            __func__, params.model.path.c_str());
         return iparams;
     }
 
@@ -925,7 +912,8 @@ struct common_init_result common_init_from_params(common_params & params) {
 
     llama_context * lctx = llama_init_from_model(model, cparams);
     if (lctx == NULL) {
-        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to create context with model '%s'\n", __func__, params.model.path.c_str());
+        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to create context with model '%s', try reducing --n-gpu-layers if you're running out of VRAM\n",
+            __func__, params.model.path.c_str());
         llama_model_free(model);
         return iparams;
     }
@@ -1002,7 +990,12 @@ struct common_init_result common_init_from_params(common_params & params) {
             return iparams;
         }
 
+        char buf[1024];
         la.ptr = lora.get();
+        llama_adapter_meta_val_str(la.ptr, "adapter.lora.task_name", buf, sizeof(buf));
+        la.task_name = buf;
+        llama_adapter_meta_val_str(la.ptr, "adapter.lora.prompt_prefix", buf, sizeof(buf));
+        la.prompt_prefix = buf;
         iparams.lora.emplace_back(std::move(lora)); // copy to list of loaded adapters
     }
 
@@ -1166,11 +1159,10 @@ struct llama_context_params common_context_params_to_llama(const common_params &
     cparams.yarn_orig_ctx     = params.yarn_orig_ctx;
     cparams.pooling_type      = params.pooling_type;
     cparams.attention_type    = params.attention_type;
-    cparams.defrag_thold      = params.defrag_thold;
+    cparams.flash_attn_type   = params.flash_attn_type;
     cparams.cb_eval           = params.cb_eval;
     cparams.cb_eval_user_data = params.cb_eval_user_data;
     cparams.offload_kqv       = !params.no_kv_offload;
-    cparams.flash_attn        = params.flash_attn;
     cparams.no_perf           = params.no_perf;
     cparams.op_offload        = !params.no_op_offload;
     cparams.swa_full          = params.swa_full;

common/common.h

@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ struct common_adapter_lora_info {
     std::string path;
     float scale;
 
+    std::string task_name;
+    std::string prompt_prefix;
+
     struct llama_adapter_lora * ptr;
 };
 
@@ -239,12 +242,15 @@ struct common_params_diffusion {
     bool    add_gumbel_noise = false; // add gumbel noise to the logits if temp > 0.0
 };
 
+// reasoning API response format (not to be confused as chat template's reasoning format)
 enum common_reasoning_format {
     COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_NONE,
-    COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_AUTO,
+    COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_AUTO,            // Same as deepseek, using `message.reasoning_content`
     COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_LEGACY, // Extract thinking tag contents and return as `message.reasoning_content`, or leave inline in <think> tags in stream mode
     COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK,        // Extract thinking tag contents and return as `message.reasoning_content`, including in streaming deltas.
-    COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_GRANITE,         // Extract thinking tag contents and return as `message.reasoning_content`, including in streaming deltas.
+    // do not extend this enum unless you absolutely have to
+    // in most cases, use COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_AUTO
+    // see: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/15408
 };
 
 
@@ -285,7 +291,6 @@ struct common_params {
     float   yarn_beta_fast        = 32.0f; // YaRN low correction dim
     float   yarn_beta_slow        =  1.0f; // YaRN high correction dim
     int32_t yarn_orig_ctx         =     0; // YaRN original context length
-    float   defrag_thold          =  0.1f; // KV cache defragmentation threshold
 
     // offload params
     std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> devices; // devices to use for offloading
@@ -307,6 +312,7 @@ struct common_params {
     enum llama_rope_scaling_type rope_scaling_type = LLAMA_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED;
     enum llama_pooling_type      pooling_type      = LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED; // pooling type for embeddings
     enum llama_attention_type    attention_type    = LLAMA_ATTENTION_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED; // attention type for embeddings
+    enum llama_flash_attn_type   flash_attn_type   = LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_AUTO; // whether to use Flash Attention
 
     struct common_params_sampling    sampling;
     struct common_params_speculative speculative;
@@ -370,9 +376,8 @@ struct common_params {
     bool multiline_input   = false; // reverse the usage of `\`
     bool simple_io         = false; // improves compatibility with subprocesses and limited consoles
     bool cont_batching     = true;  // insert new sequences for decoding on-the-fly
-    bool flash_attn        = false; // flash attention
     bool no_perf           = false; // disable performance metrics
-    bool ctx_shift         = true;  // context shift on inifinite text generation
+    bool ctx_shift         = false;  // context shift on infinite text generation
     bool swa_full          = false; // use full-size SWA cache (https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/13194#issuecomment-2868343055)
     bool kv_unified        = false; // enable unified KV cache
 
@@ -439,7 +444,7 @@ struct common_params {
 
     // "advanced" endpoints are disabled by default for better security
     bool webui            = true;
-    bool endpoint_slots   = false;
+    bool endpoint_slots   = true;
     bool endpoint_props   = false; // only control POST requests, not GET
     bool endpoint_metrics = false;
 

common/sampling.cpp

@@ -426,8 +426,29 @@ uint32_t common_sampler_get_seed(const struct common_sampler * gsmpl) {
 
 // helpers
 
-llama_token_data_array * common_sampler_get_candidates(struct common_sampler * gsmpl) {
-    return &gsmpl->cur_p;
+llama_token_data_array * common_sampler_get_candidates(struct common_sampler * gsmpl, bool do_sort) {
+    auto * res = &gsmpl->cur_p;
+
+    if (do_sort && !res->sorted) {
+        // remember the selected token before sorting
+        const llama_token id = res->data[res->selected].id;
+
+        std::sort(res->data, res->data + res->size, [](const llama_token_data & a, const llama_token_data & b) {
+            return a.p > b.p;
+        });
+
+        // restore the selected token after sorting
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < res->size; ++i) {
+            if (res->data[i].id == id) {
+                res->selected = i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        res->sorted = true;
+    }
+
+    return res;
 }
 
 llama_token common_sampler_last(const struct common_sampler * gsmpl) {

common/sampling.h

@@ -86,7 +86,9 @@ uint32_t common_sampler_get_seed(const struct common_sampler * gsmpl);
 // helpers
 
 // access the internal list of current candidate tokens
-llama_token_data_array * common_sampler_get_candidates(struct common_sampler * gsmpl);
+// if do_sort == true, the candidates are guaranteed to be sorted afterwards (in descending order of probability)
+// the .sorted flag of the result indicates whether the returned candidates are sorted
+llama_token_data_array * common_sampler_get_candidates(struct common_sampler * gsmpl, bool do_sort);
 
 // get the last accepted token
 llama_token common_sampler_last(const struct common_sampler * gsmpl);

common/speculative.cpp

@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ llama_tokens common_speculative_gen_draft(
 
         common_sampler_sample(smpl, ctx_dft, 0, true);
 
-        const auto * cur_p = common_sampler_get_candidates(smpl);
+        const auto * cur_p = common_sampler_get_candidates(smpl, true);
 
         for (int k = 0; k < std::min(3, (int) cur_p->size); ++k) {
             LOG_DBG(" - draft candidate %3d, pos %3d: %6d (%8.3f) '%s'\n",

convert_hf_to_gguf.py

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ class ModelBase:
     endianess: gguf.GGUFEndian
     use_temp_file: bool
     lazy: bool
+    dry_run: bool
     hparams: dict[str, Any]
     model_tensors: dict[str, Callable[[], Tensor]]
     gguf_writer: gguf.GGUFWriter
@@ -87,13 +88,16 @@ class ModelBase:
     block_count: int
     tensor_map: gguf.TensorNameMap
 
+    # Mistral format specifics
     is_mistral_format: bool = False
+    disable_mistral_community_chat_template: bool = False
 
     def __init__(self, dir_model: Path, ftype: gguf.LlamaFileType, fname_out: Path, *, is_big_endian: bool = False,
                  use_temp_file: bool = False, eager: bool = False,
                  metadata_override: Path | None = None, model_name: str | None = None,
                  split_max_tensors: int = 0, split_max_size: int = 0, dry_run: bool = False,
-                 small_first_shard: bool = False, hparams: dict[str, Any] | None = None, remote_hf_model_id: str | None = None):
+                 small_first_shard: bool = False, hparams: dict[str, Any] | None = None, remote_hf_model_id: str | None = None,
+                 disable_mistral_community_chat_template: bool = False):
         if type(self) is ModelBase or \
                 type(self) is TextModel or \
                 type(self) is MmprojModel:
@@ -106,6 +110,7 @@ class ModelBase:
         self.endianess = gguf.GGUFEndian.BIG if is_big_endian else gguf.GGUFEndian.LITTLE
         self.use_temp_file = use_temp_file
         self.lazy = not eager or (remote_hf_model_id is not None)
+        self.dry_run = dry_run
         self.remote_hf_model_id = remote_hf_model_id
         self.hparams = ModelBase.load_hparams(self.dir_model, self.is_mistral_format) if hparams is None else hparams
         self.model_tensors = self.index_tensors(remote_hf_model_id=remote_hf_model_id)
@@ -130,6 +135,9 @@ class ModelBase:
         self.gguf_writer = gguf.GGUFWriter(path=None, arch=gguf.MODEL_ARCH_NAMES[self.model_arch], endianess=self.endianess, use_temp_file=self.use_temp_file,
                                            split_max_tensors=split_max_tensors, split_max_size=split_max_size, dry_run=dry_run, small_first_shard=small_first_shard)
 
+        # Mistral specific
+        self.disable_mistral_community_chat_template = disable_mistral_community_chat_template
+
     @classmethod
     def add_prefix_to_filename(cls, path: Path, prefix: str) -> Path:
         stem, suffix = path.stem, path.suffix
@@ -1341,6 +1349,55 @@ class TextModel(ModelBase):
                 raise NotImplementedError("Only MEAN, CLS, and LAST pooling types supported")
             self.gguf_writer.add_pooling_type(pooling_type)
 
+    def _set_vocab_interns1(self):
+        tokens: list[str] = []
+        toktypes: list[int] = []
+
+        from transformers import AutoTokenizer
+        tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(self.dir_model, trust_remote_code=True)
+        vocab = getattr(tokenizer, 'vocab', tokenizer.get_vocab())
+        vocab_size = self.hparams.get("vocab_size", len(vocab))
+        assert max(vocab.values()) < vocab_size
+
+        tokpre = self.get_vocab_base_pre(tokenizer)
+
+        reverse_vocab = {id_: encoded_tok for encoded_tok, id_ in vocab.items()}
+        added_vocab = tokenizer.get_added_vocab()
+
+        added_tokens_decoder = tokenizer.added_tokens_decoder
+
+        for i in range(vocab_size):
+            if i not in reverse_vocab:
+                tokens.append(f"[PAD{i}]")
+                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.UNUSED)
+            else:
+                token: str = reverse_vocab[i]
+                if token in added_vocab:
+                    # The tokenizer in llama.cpp assumes the CONTROL and USER_DEFINED tokens are pre-normalized.
+                    # To avoid unexpected issues - we make sure to normalize non-normalized tokens
+                    if not added_tokens_decoder[i].normalized:
+                        previous_token = token
+                        token = tokenizer.decode(tokenizer.encode(token, add_special_tokens=False))
+                        if previous_token != token:
+                            logger.info(f"{repr(previous_token)} is encoded and decoded back to {repr(token)} using AutoTokenizer")
+
+                    if added_tokens_decoder[i].special or self.does_token_look_special(token):
+                        toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.CONTROL)
+                    else:
+                        toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.USER_DEFINED)
+                else:
+                    toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.NORMAL)
+                tokens.append(token)
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("gpt2")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre(tokpre)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
+
+        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, load_merges=True)
+        special_vocab._set_special_token("bos", 151643)
+        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
+
 
 class MmprojModel(ModelBase):
     model_type = ModelType.MMPROJ
@@ -1465,6 +1522,12 @@ class MmprojModel(ModelBase):
             return None
         raise KeyError(f"could not find any of: {keys}")
 
+    def tensor_force_quant(self, name, new_name, bid, n_dims):
+        del bid, name, n_dims  # unused
+        if ".patch_embd.weight" in new_name:
+            return gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F16 if self.ftype == gguf.LlamaFileType.MOSTLY_F16 else gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F32
+        return False
+
 
 @ModelBase.register("GPTNeoXForCausalLM")
 class GPTNeoXModel(TextModel):
@@ -2136,8 +2199,17 @@ class LlamaModel(TextModel):
 
         template_dir = Path(__file__).parent / "models/templates/"
 
-        template = MistralModel.get_community_chat_template(vocab, template_dir)
+        if not self.is_mistral_format or not self.disable_mistral_community_chat_template:
+            # Log only for Mistral format that the official tokenization and detokenization is via `mistral-common`.
+            if self.is_mistral_format:
+                logger.info(
+                    "Using a Mistral community chat template. These templates can be subject to errors in early days or weeks after a release. "
+                    "Mistral recommends to use `mistral-common` to perform tokenization and detokenization."
+                )
+            template = MistralModel.get_community_chat_template(vocab, template_dir, self.is_mistral_format)
             self.gguf_writer.add_chat_template(template)
+        else:
+            logger.info("Not using a Mistral community chat template. Ensure to perform the tokenization and detokenization via `mistral-common`.")
 
     def set_vocab(self):
         if self.is_mistral_format:
@@ -2436,10 +2508,9 @@ class SmolVLMModel(MmprojModel):
         self.gguf_writer.add_vision_use_gelu(True)
 
     def tensor_force_quant(self, name, new_name, bid, n_dims):
-        del bid, new_name, n_dims  # unused
         if ".embeddings." in name:
             return gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F32
-        return False
+        return super().tensor_force_quant(name, new_name, bid, n_dims)
 
     def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
         del bid  # unused
@@ -3043,7 +3114,8 @@ class Qwen2Model(TextModel):
         if "language_model." in name:
             name = name.replace("language_model.", "") # for InternVL
         if name.startswith("mlp") or name.startswith("multi_modal_projector") \
-                or name.startswith("vision_model") or name.startswith("audio_tower"):
+                or name.startswith("vision_model") or name.startswith("audio_tower") \
+                or name.startswith("model.vision_tower") or name.startswith("model.multi_modal_projector"):
             # skip vision and audio tensors
             return []
         yield from super().modify_tensors(data_torch, name, bid)
@@ -3220,7 +3292,7 @@ class LLaDAModel(TextModel):
         yield from super().modify_tensors(data_torch, name, bid)
 
 
-@ModelBase.register("Ernie4_5_ForCausalLM")
+@ModelBase.register("Ernie4_5_ForCausalLM", "Ernie4_5ForCausalLM")
 class Ernie4_5Model(TextModel):
     model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.ERNIE4_5
 
@@ -3427,12 +3499,9 @@ class Qwen2VLVisionModel(MmprojModel):
         self.gguf_writer.add_vision_attention_layernorm_eps(self.global_config.get("rms_norm_eps", 1e-6))
 
     def tensor_force_quant(self, name, new_name, bid, n_dims):
-        del bid, name, n_dims  # unused
-        if ".patch_embd." in new_name:
-            return gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F16
         if ".position_embd." in new_name:
             return gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F32
-        return False
+        return super().tensor_force_quant(name, new_name, bid, n_dims)
 
     def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
         del bid  # unused
@@ -3505,10 +3574,9 @@ class Qwen25OmniModel(Qwen2VLVisionModel):
         yield ("audio_tower.embed_positions.weight", pos_embd)
 
     def tensor_force_quant(self, name, new_name, bid, n_dims):
-        del bid, new_name, n_dims  # unused
         if ".conv" in name and ".weight" in name:
             return gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F16
-        return False
+        return super().tensor_force_quant(name, new_name, bid, n_dims)
 
     def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
         if name.startswith("thinker."):
@@ -3554,12 +3622,9 @@ class InternVisionModel(MmprojModel):
         self.gguf_writer.add_vision_projector_scale_factor(int(1.0 / downsample_ratio))
 
     def tensor_force_quant(self, name, new_name, bid, n_dims):
-        del bid, name, n_dims  # unused
-        if ".patch_embd." in new_name:
-            return gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F16
         if ".position_embd." in new_name:
             return gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F32
-        return False
+        return super().tensor_force_quant(name, new_name, bid, n_dims)
 
     def _mapping_interns1_name(self, name):
         names_map = {
@@ -3722,6 +3787,19 @@ class Qwen2MoeModel(TextModel):
 class Qwen3Model(Qwen2Model):
     model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.QWEN3
 
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        hparams = ModelBase.load_hparams(self.dir_model, is_mistral_format=False)
+        self.origin_hf_arch = hparams.get('architectures', [None])[0]
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        # deal with intern-s1-mini
+        if self.origin_hf_arch == 'InternS1ForConditionalGeneration':
+            self._set_vocab_interns1()
+            return
+
+        super().set_vocab()
+
 
 @ModelBase.register("Qwen3MoeForCausalLM")
 class Qwen3MoeModel(Qwen2MoeModel):
@@ -3738,73 +3816,7 @@ class Qwen3MoeModel(Qwen2MoeModel):
             self._set_vocab_interns1()
             return
 
-        try:
-            self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()
-        except FileNotFoundError:
-            self._set_vocab_gpt2()
-
-    def _set_vocab_interns1(self):
-        tokens: list[str] = []
-        toktypes: list[int] = []
-
-        from transformers import AutoTokenizer
-        tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(self.dir_model, trust_remote_code=True)
-        vocab = getattr(tokenizer, 'vocab', tokenizer.get_vocab())
-        vocab_size = self.hparams.get("vocab_size", len(vocab))
-        assert max(vocab.values()) < vocab_size
-
-        tokpre = self.get_vocab_base_pre(tokenizer)
-
-        reverse_vocab = {id_: encoded_tok for encoded_tok, id_ in vocab.items()}
-        added_vocab = tokenizer.get_added_vocab()
-
-        added_tokens_decoder = tokenizer.added_tokens_decoder
-
-        for i in range(vocab_size):
-            if i not in reverse_vocab:
-                tokens.append(f"[PAD{i}]")
-                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.UNUSED)
-            else:
-                token: str = reverse_vocab[i]
-                if token in added_vocab:
-                    # The tokenizer in llama.cpp assumes the CONTROL and USER_DEFINED tokens are pre-normalized.
-                    # To avoid unexpected issues - we make sure to normalize non-normalized tokens
-                    if not added_tokens_decoder[i].normalized:
-                        previous_token = token
-                        token = tokenizer.decode(tokenizer.encode(token, add_special_tokens=False))
-                        if previous_token != token:
-                            logger.info(f"{repr(previous_token)} is encoded and decoded back to {repr(token)} using AutoTokenizer")
-
-                    if added_tokens_decoder[i].special or self.does_token_look_special(token):
-                        toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.CONTROL)
-                    else:
-                        toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.USER_DEFINED)
-                else:
-                    toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.NORMAL)
-                tokens.append(token)
-
-        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("gpt2")
-        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre(tokpre)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
-
-        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, load_merges=True)
-        special_tokens_map_file = self.dir_model / 'special_tokens_map.json'
-        additional_special_tokens = []
-        if special_tokens_map_file.is_file():
-            with open(special_tokens_map_file, encoding = 'utf-8') as f:
-                additional_special_tokens = json.load(f).get('additional_special_tokens', [])
-        tokenizer_cfg_file = self.dir_model / 'special_tokens_map.json'
-        if tokenizer_cfg_file.is_file():
-            with open(tokenizer_cfg_file, encoding = 'utf-8') as f:
-                added_tokens_decoder = json.load(f).get('added_tokens_decoder', {})
-                token2ids_map = {data['content'] : int(token) for token, data in added_tokens_decoder.items() if data['special']}
-                for token in additional_special_tokens:
-                    if token in token2ids_map:
-                        special_vocab._set_special_token(token, token2ids_map[token])
-        special_vocab._set_special_token('eos', 151645)
-        special_vocab._set_special_token("bos", 151643)
-        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
+        super().set_vocab()
 
 
 @ModelBase.register("GPT2LMHeadModel")
@@ -4971,11 +4983,35 @@ class NeoBert(BertModel):
 @ModelBase.register("XLMRobertaModel", "XLMRobertaForSequenceClassification")
 class XLMRobertaModel(BertModel):
     model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.BERT
+    _lora_files = {}
+    _lora_names = []
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+    def __init__(self, dir_model: Path, ftype: gguf.LlamaFileType, fname_out: Path, **kwargs: Any):
+        hparams = kwargs.pop("hparams", None)
+        if hparams is None:
+            hparams = ModelBase.load_hparams(dir_model, False)
+
+        if lora_names := hparams.get("lora_adaptations"):
+            self._lora_names = lora_names
+            self.model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.JINA_BERT_V3
+
+        super().__init__(dir_model, ftype, fname_out, hparams=hparams, **kwargs)
         self._xlmroberta_tokenizer_init()
 
+    def generate_extra_tensors(self) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        if self._lora_names:
+            for name in self._lora_names:
+                fname = self.add_prefix_to_filename(self.fname_out, f"lora-{name}-")
+                self._lora_files[name] = gguf.GGUFWriter(fname, arch=gguf.MODEL_ARCH_NAMES[self.model_arch], endianess=self.endianess, use_temp_file=self.use_temp_file, dry_run=self.dry_run)
+
+        return super().generate_extra_tensors()
+
+    def set_type(self):
+        for lora_writer in self._lora_files.values():
+            lora_writer.add_type(gguf.GGUFType.ADAPTER)
+            lora_writer.add_string(gguf.Keys.Adapter.TYPE, "lora")
+        super().set_type()
+
     def set_vocab(self):
         self._xlmroberta_set_vocab()
 
@@ -4985,13 +5021,62 @@ class XLMRobertaModel(BertModel):
         if name.startswith("roberta."):
             name = name[8:]
 
+        # jina-embeddings-v3
+        if ".parametrizations." in name:
+            name = name.replace(".parametrizations.", ".")
+            if name.endswith(".original"):
+                name = name[:-9]
+
         # position embeddings start at pad_token_id + 1, so just chop down the weight tensor
         if name == "embeddings.position_embeddings.weight":
             if self._position_offset is not None:
                 data_torch = data_torch[self._position_offset:,:]
 
+        if name.endswith(".0.lora_A") or name.endswith(".0.lora_B"):
+            if name.startswith("pooler.dense"):
+                return []
+
+            num_loras = data_torch.size(0)
+            assert num_loras == len(self._lora_names)
+
+            # Split out each LoRA in their own GGUF
+            for i, lora_writer in enumerate(self._lora_files.values()):
+                new_name = self.map_tensor_name(name[:-9]) + name[-7:].lower()
+                data = data_torch[i, :, :]
+                # Transpose/flip token_embd/types into correct shape
+                if new_name == "token_embd.weight.lora_b":
+                    data = data.T
+                elif new_name.startswith("token_types.weight."):
+                    new_name = new_name[:-1] + ("a" if new_name[-1:] == "b" else "b")
+                lora_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data.float().numpy(), raw_dtype=gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F32)
+
+            return []
+
         return super().modify_tensors(data_torch, name, bid)
 
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+
+        # jina-embeddings-v3
+        if rotary_emb_base := self.hparams.get("rotary_emb_base"):
+            self.gguf_writer.add_rope_freq_base(rotary_emb_base)
+        lora_alpha = self.hparams.get("lora_alpha")
+        if lora_prompt_prefixes := self.hparams.get("task_instructions"):
+            assert self._lora_files and all(lora_name in lora_prompt_prefixes for lora_name in self._lora_files.keys())
+        for lora_name, lora_writer in self._lora_files.items():
+            lora_writer.add_float32(gguf.Keys.Adapter.LORA_ALPHA, lora_alpha if lora_alpha is not None else 1.0)
+            lora_writer.add_string(gguf.Keys.Adapter.LORA_TASK_NAME, lora_name)
+            if lora_prompt_prefixes:
+                lora_writer.add_string(gguf.Keys.Adapter.LORA_PROMPT_PREFIX, lora_prompt_prefixes[lora_name])
+
+    def write(self):
+        super().write()
+        for lora_writer in self._lora_files.values():
+            lora_writer.write_header_to_file()
+            lora_writer.write_kv_data_to_file()
+            lora_writer.write_tensors_to_file(progress=True)
+            lora_writer.close()
+
 
 @ModelBase.register("GemmaForCausalLM")
 class GemmaModel(TextModel):
@@ -5172,13 +5257,12 @@ class Gemma3VisionModel(MmprojModel):
             self.gguf_writer.add_vision_projector_scale_factor(proj_scale_factor)
 
     def tensor_force_quant(self, name, new_name, bid, n_dims):
-        del bid, new_name, n_dims  # unused
         # related to https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/13025
         if "input_projection" in name:
             return gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F16
         if ".embeddings." in name:
             return gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F32
-        return False
+        return super().tensor_force_quant(name, new_name, bid, n_dims)
 
     def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
         del bid  # unused
@@ -5952,6 +6036,11 @@ class OlmoModel(TextModel):
         return [(self.map_tensor_name(name), data_torch)]
 
 
+@ModelBase.register("SeedOssForCausalLM")
+class SeedOssModel(TextModel):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.SEED_OSS
+
+
 @ModelBase.register("Olmo2ForCausalLM")
 class Olmo2Model(TextModel):
     model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.OLMO2
@@ -6350,9 +6439,11 @@ class DeepseekModel(TextModel):
                 raise ValueError(f"Unprocessed experts: {experts}")
 
 
-@ModelBase.register("DeepseekV2ForCausalLM")
-@ModelBase.register("DeepseekV3ForCausalLM")
-@ModelBase.register("KimiVLForConditionalGeneration")
+@ModelBase.register(
+    "DeepseekV2ForCausalLM",
+    "DeepseekV3ForCausalLM",
+    "KimiVLForConditionalGeneration",
+)
 class DeepseekV2Model(TextModel):
     model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.DEEPSEEK2
 
@@ -7565,9 +7656,13 @@ class GraniteHybridModel(Mamba2Model, GraniteMoeModel):
         ]
 
         # n_group and d_inner are used during reshape_tensors for mamba2
-        self.d_model = self.find_hparam(["hidden_size", "d_model"])
-        self.n_group = self.find_hparam(["n_groups"])
-        self.d_inner = self.find_hparam(["expand"]) * self.d_model
+        # NOTE: Explicitly include hparam prefix prefix for d_model to
+        #   disambiguate with top-level head_dim
+        # NOTE 2: If needed for future models, this can be isolated in a method
+        #   to separate the prefix setting and teh keys used
+        self.d_model = self.find_hparam([f"{self.hparam_prefixes[0]}_head_dim", "hidden_size", "d_model"])
+        self.n_group = self.find_hparam(["n_groups", "num_groups"])
+        self.d_inner = self.find_hparam(["expand", "num_heads"]) * self.d_model
 
     def get_attn_layers(self):
         # Explicit list of layer type names
@@ -7628,12 +7723,12 @@ class GraniteHybridModel(Mamba2Model, GraniteMoeModel):
 
         ## Mamba mixer params ##
         self.gguf_writer.add_ssm_conv_kernel(self.find_hparam(["conv_kernel", "d_conv"]))
-        self.gguf_writer.add_ssm_state_size(self.find_hparam(["state_size", "d_state"]))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_ssm_state_size(self.find_hparam(["state_size", "d_state", "state_dim", "ssm_state_size"]))
         self.gguf_writer.add_ssm_group_count(self.n_group)
         self.gguf_writer.add_ssm_inner_size(self.d_inner)
         # NOTE: The mamba_dt_rank is _not_ the right field for how this is used
         #   in llama.cpp
-        self.gguf_writer.add_ssm_time_step_rank(self.find_hparam(["n_heads"]))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_ssm_time_step_rank(self.find_hparam(["n_heads", "num_heads"]))
 
         ## Attention params ##
         head_count_kv = self.find_hparam(["num_key_value_heads", "n_head_kv"])
@@ -7660,6 +7755,55 @@ class GraniteHybridModel(Mamba2Model, GraniteMoeModel):
         Mamba2Model.set_vocab(self)
 
 
+@ModelBase.register("NemotronHForCausalLM")
+class NemotronHModel(GraniteHybridModel):
+    """Hybrid mamba2/attention model from NVIDIA"""
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.NEMOTRON_H
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # Save the top-level head_dim for later
+        self.head_dim = self.hparams.get("head_dim", self.hparams.get("attention_head_dim"))
+        assert self.head_dim is not None, "Could not find the attention head dim in config"
+
+        # Don't use expand to calculate d_inner
+        self.d_inner = self.find_hparam(["num_heads"]) * self.d_model
+
+        # Update the ssm / attn / mlp layers
+        # M: Mamba2, *: Attention, -: MLP
+        hybrid_override_pattern = self.hparams["hybrid_override_pattern"]
+        self._ssm_layers = [i for i, val in enumerate(hybrid_override_pattern) if val == "M"]
+        self._mlp_layers = [i for i, val in enumerate(hybrid_override_pattern) if val == "-"]
+
+    def get_attn_layers(self):
+        hybrid_override_pattern = self.hparams["hybrid_override_pattern"]
+        assert len(hybrid_override_pattern) == self.block_count, "Mismatch between hybrid override and num_hidden_layers!"
+        return [i for i, val in enumerate(hybrid_override_pattern) if val == "*"]
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_key_length(self.head_dim)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_value_length(self.head_dim)
+
+        # Set feed_forward_length
+        # NOTE: This will trigger an override warning. This is preferrable to
+        #   duplicating all the parent logic
+        n_ff = self.find_hparam(["intermediate_size", "n_inner", "hidden_dim"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length([
+            n_ff if i in self._mlp_layers else 0 for i in range(self.block_count)
+        ])
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        super().set_vocab()
+
+        # The tokenizer _does_ add a BOS token (via post_processor type
+        # TemplateProcessing) but does not set add_bos_token to true in the
+        # config, so we need to explicitly override it here.
+        self.gguf_writer.add_add_bos_token(True)
+
+
 @ModelBase.register("BailingMoeForCausalLM")
 class BailingMoeModel(TextModel):
     model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.BAILINGMOE
@@ -7837,10 +7981,9 @@ class WhisperEncoderModel(MmprojModel):
         self.gguf_writer.add_audio_attention_layernorm_eps(self.hparams.get("layer_norm_eps", 1e-5))
 
     def tensor_force_quant(self, name, new_name, bid, n_dims):
-        del bid, new_name, n_dims  # unused
         if ".conv" in name and ".weight" in name:
             return gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F16
-        return False
+        return super().tensor_force_quant(name, new_name, bid, n_dims)
 
     def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
         del bid  # unused
@@ -8361,8 +8504,7 @@ class GptOssModel(TextModel):
         self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_orig_ctx_len(rope_scaling.get("original_max_position_embeddings", 4096))
 
 
-@ModelBase.register("Lfm2ForCausalLM")
-@ModelBase.register("LFM2ForCausalLM")
+@ModelBase.register("Lfm2ForCausalLM", "LFM2ForCausalLM")
 class LFM2Model(TextModel):
     model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.LFM2
 
@@ -8397,6 +8539,13 @@ class LFM2Model(TextModel):
         self._add_feed_forward_length()
 
     def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        is_vision_tensor = "vision_tower" in name or "multi_modal_projector" in name
+        if is_vision_tensor:
+            # skip vision tensors
+            return []
+
+        name = name.replace("language_model.", "")
+
         # conv op requires 2d tensor
         if 'conv.conv' in name:
             data_torch = data_torch.squeeze(1)
@@ -8404,6 +8553,41 @@ class LFM2Model(TextModel):
         return [(self.map_tensor_name(name), data_torch)]
 
 
+@ModelBase.register("Lfm2VlForConditionalGeneration")
+class LFM2VLModel(MmprojModel):
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        assert self.hparams_vision is not None
+        # TODO(tarek): for dynamic resolution image_size is not specified, setting here for compatibility
+        self.hparams_vision["image_size"] = 256
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+        self.gguf_writer.add_clip_projector_type(gguf.VisionProjectorType.LFM2)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_attention_layernorm_eps(self.find_vparam(["layer_norm_eps"]))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_projector_scale_factor(self.global_config.get("downsample_factor", 2))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_use_gelu(True)
+        # python notation, e.g. for vision_feature_layer == -1, we pick last layer -> vision_feature_layers_to_drop = 0
+        vision_feature_layers_to_drop = -(self.global_config.get("vision_feature_layer", -1) + 1)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_block_count(self.find_vparam(self.n_block_keys) - vision_feature_layers_to_drop)
+
+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        del bid  # unused
+        is_vision_tensor = "vision_tower" in name or "multi_modal_projector" in name
+
+        if is_vision_tensor:
+            # remove "model." prefix
+            name = name.replace("model.vision_tower.", "vision_tower.")
+            name = name.replace("model.multi_modal_projector.", "multi_modal_projector.")
+
+            if "patch_embedding.weight" in name:
+                data_torch = data_torch.view(data_torch.shape[0], 16, 16, 3).permute(0, 3, 1, 2)
+
+            return [(self.map_tensor_name(name), data_torch)]
+
+        return [] # skip other tensors
+
+
 @ModelBase.register("SmallThinkerForCausalLM")
 class SmallThinkerModel(TextModel):
     model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.SMALLTHINKER
@@ -8495,7 +8679,7 @@ class MistralModel(LlamaModel):
     undo_permute = False
 
     @staticmethod
-    def get_community_chat_template(vocab: MistralVocab, templates_dir: Path):
+    def get_community_chat_template(vocab: MistralVocab, templates_dir: Path, is_mistral_format: bool):
         assert TokenizerVersion is not None, "mistral_common is not installed"
         assert isinstance(vocab.tokenizer, (Tekkenizer, SentencePieceTokenizer)), (
             f"Expected Tekkenizer or SentencePieceTokenizer, got {type(vocab.tokenizer)}"
@@ -8516,7 +8700,13 @@ class MistralModel(LlamaModel):
         elif vocab.tokenizer.version == TokenizerVersion.v13:
             template_file = "unsloth-mistral-Devstral-Small-2507.jinja"
         else:
-            raise ValueError(f"Unknown tokenizer type: {vocab.tokenizer_type} and version {vocab.tokenizer.version}")
+            err_message = f"Unknown tokenizer type: {vocab.tokenizer_type} and version {vocab.tokenizer.version}"
+            if is_mistral_format:
+                err_message += (
+                    " . Please pass --disable-mistral-community-chat-template argument to the CLI "
+                    "if you want to skip this error and use the Mistral official `mistral-common` pre-processing library."
+                )
+            raise ValueError(err_message)
 
         template_path = templates_dir / template_file
         if not template_path.exists():
@@ -8557,6 +8747,43 @@ class PixtralModel(LlavaVisionModel):
             return "mm.2.weight"
         return super().map_tensor_name(name, try_suffixes)
 
+
+@ModelBase.register("KimiVLForConditionalGeneration")
+class KimiVLModel(MmprojModel):
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        assert self.hparams_vision is not None
+        self.hparams_vision["image_size"] = 64 * 14 # for compatibility
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+        self.gguf_writer.add_clip_projector_type(gguf.VisionProjectorType.KIMIVL)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_use_gelu(True)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_projector_scale_factor(2)
+        # eps is the same as pytorch's default value
+        assert self.hparams_vision is not None
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_attention_layernorm_eps(self.hparams_vision.get("layer_norm_eps", 1e-5))
+
+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        del bid  # unused
+        is_vision_tensor = "vision_tower" in name or "multi_modal_projector" in name
+
+        if is_vision_tensor:
+            if "pos_emb.weight" in name:
+                data_torch = data_torch.view(data_torch.shape[0] * data_torch.shape[1], data_torch.shape[2])
+            elif "wqkv" in name:
+                split_dim = 0 if "weight" in name else -1
+                wq, wk, wv = data_torch.chunk(3, dim=split_dim)
+                return [
+                    (self.map_tensor_name(name.replace("wqkv", "wq")), wq),
+                    (self.map_tensor_name(name.replace("wqkv", "wk")), wk),
+                    (self.map_tensor_name(name.replace("wqkv", "wv")), wv)
+                ]
+
+            return [(self.map_tensor_name(name), data_torch)]
+
+        return [] # skip other tensors
+
 ###### CONVERSION LOGIC ######
 
 
@@ -8711,6 +8938,13 @@ def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
         "--mistral-format", action="store_true",
         help="Whether the model is stored following the Mistral format.",
     )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--disable-mistral-community-chat-template", action="store_true",
+        help=(
+            "Whether to disable usage of Mistral community chat templates. If set, use the Mistral official `mistral-common` library for tokenization and detokenization of Mistral models. "
+            "Using `mistral-common` ensure correctness and zero-day support of tokenization for models converted from the Mistral format but requires to manually setup the tokenization server."
+        )
+    )
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
     if not args.print_supported_models and args.model is None:
@@ -8817,6 +9051,7 @@ def main() -> None:
             fname_out = ModelBase.add_prefix_to_filename(fname_out, "mmproj-")
 
     is_mistral_format = args.mistral_format
+    disable_mistral_community_chat_template = args.disable_mistral_community_chat_template
 
     with torch.inference_mode():
         output_type = ftype_map[args.outtype]
@@ -8843,7 +9078,7 @@ def main() -> None:
                                      split_max_tensors=args.split_max_tensors,
                                      split_max_size=split_str_to_n_bytes(args.split_max_size), dry_run=args.dry_run,
                                      small_first_shard=args.no_tensor_first_split,
-                                     remote_hf_model_id=hf_repo_id,
+                                     remote_hf_model_id=hf_repo_id, disable_mistral_community_chat_template=disable_mistral_community_chat_template
                                      )
 
         if args.vocab_only:

docs/build-s390x.md

@@ -76,6 +76,23 @@ cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
     cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
     ```
 
+## IBM zDNN Accelerator
+
+This provides acceleration using the IBM zAIU co-processor located in the Telum I and Telum II processors. Make sure to have the [IBM zDNN library](https://github.com/IBM/zDNN) installed.
+
+#### Compile from source from IBM
+
+You may find the official build instructions here: [Building and Installing zDNN](https://github.com/IBM/zDNN?tab=readme-ov-file#building-and-installing-zdnn)
+
+### Compilation
+
+```bash
+cmake -S . -B build             \
+    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release  \
+    -DGGML_ZDNN=ON
+cmake --build build --config Release -j$(nproc)
+```
+
 ## Getting GGUF Models
 
 All models need to be converted to Big-Endian. You can achieve this in three cases:
@@ -145,15 +162,15 @@ All models need to be converted to Big-Endian. You can achieve this in three cas
 
 ### 1. SIMD Acceleration
 
-Only available in IBM z15 or later system with the `-DGGML_VXE=ON` (turned on by default) compile flag. No hardware acceleration is possible with llama.cpp with older systems, such as IBM z14/arch12. In such systems, the APIs can still run but will use a scalar implementation.
+Only available in IBM z15/LinuxONE 3 or later system with the `-DGGML_VXE=ON` (turned on by default) compile flag. No hardware acceleration is possible with llama.cpp with older systems, such as IBM z14/arch12. In such systems, the APIs can still run but will use a scalar implementation.
 
 ### 2. NNPA Vector Intrinsics Acceleration
 
-Only available in IBM z16 or later system with the `-DGGML_NNPA=ON` (turned off by default) compile flag. No hardware acceleration is possible with llama.cpp with older systems, such as IBM z15/arch13. In such systems, the APIs can still run but will use a scalar implementation.
+Only available in IBM z16/LinuxONE 4 or later system with the `-DGGML_NNPA=ON` (turned off by default) compile flag. No hardware acceleration is possible with llama.cpp with older systems, such as IBM z15/arch13. In such systems, the APIs can still run but will use a scalar implementation.
 
-### 3. zDNN Accelerator
+### 3. zDNN Accelerator (WIP)
 
-_Only available in IBM z16 / LinuxONE 4 or later system. No support currently available._
+Only available in IBM z17/LinuxONE 5 or later system with the `-DGGML_ZDNN=ON` compile flag. No hardware acceleration is possible with llama.cpp with older systems, such as IBM z15/arch13. In such systems, the APIs will default back to CPU routines.
 
 ### 4. Spyre Accelerator
 
@@ -230,10 +247,11 @@ IBM VXE/VXE2 SIMD acceleration depends on the BLAS implementation. It is strongl
 ## Appendix A: Hardware Support Matrix
 
 |          | Support | Minimum Compiler Version |
-| ------- | ------- | ------------------------ |
+| -------- | ------- | ------------------------ |
 | IBM z15  | ✅      |                          |
 | IBM z16  | ✅      |                          |
 | IBM z17  | ✅      | GCC 15.1.0               |
+| IBM zDNN | ✅      |                          |
 
 -   ✅ - supported and verified to run as intended
 -   🚫 - unsupported, we are unlikely able to provide support
@@ -242,13 +260,14 @@ IBM VXE/VXE2 SIMD acceleration depends on the BLAS implementation. It is strongl
 
 |            | VX/VXE/VXE2 | NNPA | zDNN | Spyre |
 | ---------- | ----------- | ---- | ---- | ----- |
-| FP32       | ✅          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
+| FP32       | ✅          | ✅   | ✅   | ❓    |
 | FP16       | ✅          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
 | BF16       | 🚫          | 🚫   | ❓   | ❓    |
 | Q4_0       | ✅          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
 | Q4_1       | ✅          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| Q5_0       | 🚫          | 🚫   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| Q5_1       | 🚫          | 🚫   | ❓   | ❓    |
+| MXFP4      | 🚫          | 🚫   | ❓   | ❓    |
+| Q5_0       | ✅          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
+| Q5_1       | ✅          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
 | Q8_0       | ✅          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
 | Q2_K       | 🚫          | 🚫   | ❓   | ❓    |
 | Q3_K       | ✅          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
@@ -273,4 +292,4 @@ IBM VXE/VXE2 SIMD acceleration depends on the BLAS implementation. It is strongl
 -   🚫 - acceleration unavailable, will still run using scalar implementation
 -   ❓ - acceleration unknown, please contribute if you can test it yourself
 
-Last Updated by **Aaron Teo (aaron.teo1@ibm.com)** on July 25, 2025.
+Last Updated by **Aaron Teo (aaron.teo1@ibm.com)** on Aug 22, 2025.

docs/build.md

@@ -59,8 +59,6 @@ cmake --build build --config Release
     cmake --preset arm64-windows-llvm-release -D GGML_OPENMP=OFF
     cmake --build build-arm64-windows-llvm-release
     ```
-    Building for arm64 can also be done with the MSVC compiler with the build-arm64-windows-MSVC preset, or the standard CMake build instructions. However, note that the MSVC compiler does not support inline ARM assembly code, used e.g. for the accelerated Q4_0_N_M CPU kernels.
-
     For building with ninja generator and clang compiler as default:
       -set path:set LIB=C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.22621.0\um\x64;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.41.34120\lib\x64\uwp;C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.22621.0\ucrt\x64
       ```bash
@@ -198,10 +196,9 @@ The environment variable `GGML_CUDA_ENABLE_UNIFIED_MEMORY=1` can be used to enab
 The following compilation options are also available to tweak performance:
 
 | Option                        | Legal values           | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
-|-------------------------------|------------------------|---------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+|-------------------------------|------------------------|---------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 | GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ           | Boolean                | false   | Force the use of custom matrix multiplication kernels for quantized models instead of FP16 cuBLAS even if there is no int8 tensor core implementation available (affects V100, CDNA and RDNA3+). MMQ kernels are enabled by default on GPUs with int8 tensor core support. With MMQ force enabled, speed for large batch sizes will be worse but VRAM consumption will be lower. |
-| GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS        | Boolean                | false   | Force the use of FP16 cuBLAS instead of custom matrix multiplication kernels for quantized models                                                                                                                                                                                       |
-| GGML_CUDA_F16                 | Boolean                | false   | If enabled, use half-precision floating point arithmetic for the CUDA dequantization + mul mat vec kernels and for the q4_1 and q5_1 matrix matrix multiplication kernels. Can improve performance on relatively recent GPUs.                                                           |
+| GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS        | Boolean                | false   | Force the use of FP16 cuBLAS instead of custom matrix multiplication kernels for quantized models. There may be issues with numerical overflows (except for CDNA and RDNA4) and memory use will be higher. Prompt processing may become faster on recent datacenter GPUs (the custom kernels were tuned primarily for RTX 3000/4000).                                            |
 | GGML_CUDA_PEER_MAX_BATCH_SIZE | Positive integer       | 128     | Maximum batch size for which to enable peer access between multiple GPUs. Peer access requires either Linux or NVLink. When using NVLink enabling peer access for larger batch sizes is potentially beneficial.                                                                                                                                                                  |
 | GGML_CUDA_FA_ALL_QUANTS       | Boolean                | false   | Compile support for all KV cache quantization type (combinations) for the FlashAttention CUDA kernels. More fine-grained control over KV cache size but compilation takes much longer.                                                                                                                                                                                           |
 

docs/function-calling.md

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ Function calling is supported for all models (see https://github.com/ggml-org/ll
   - Use `--chat-template-file` to override the template when appropriate (see examples below)
   - Generic support may consume more tokens and be less efficient than a model's native format.
 
+- Multiple/parallel tool calling is supported on some models but disabled by default, enable it by passing `"parallel_tool_calls": true` in the completion endpoint payload.
+
 <details>
 <summary>Show some common templates and which format handler they use</summary>
 

docs/multimodal/MobileVLM.md

@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ llama_print_timings:       total time =   44411.01 ms /   377 tokens
 ## Orin compile and run
 ### compile
 ```sh
-make GGML_CUDA=1 CUDA_DOCKER_ARCH=sm_87 GGML_CUDA_F16=1 -j 32
+make GGML_CUDA=1 CUDA_DOCKER_ARCH=sm_87 -j 32
 ```
 ### run on Orin
 ### case 1

docs/multimodal/minicpmv4.0.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Download [MiniCPM-V-4](https://huggingface.co/openbmb/MiniCPM-V-4) PyTorch model
 
 
 ### Build llama.cpp
-Readme modification time: 20250206
+Readme modification time: 20250731
 
 If there are differences in usage, please refer to the official build [documentation](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/blob/master/docs/build.md)
 

docs/multimodal/minicpmv4.5.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+## MiniCPM-V 4.5
+
+### Prepare models and code
+
+Download [MiniCPM-V-4_5](https://huggingface.co/openbmb/MiniCPM-V-4_5) PyTorch model from huggingface to "MiniCPM-V-4_5" folder.
+
+
+### Build llama.cpp
+Readme modification time: 20250826
+
+If there are differences in usage, please refer to the official build [documentation](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/blob/master/docs/build.md)
+
+Clone llama.cpp:
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp
+cd llama.cpp
+```
+
+Build llama.cpp using `CMake`:
+```bash
+cmake -B build
+cmake --build build --config Release
+```
+
+
+### Usage of MiniCPM-V 4
+
+Convert PyTorch model to gguf files (You can also download the converted [gguf](https://huggingface.co/openbmb/MiniCPM-V-4_5-gguf) by us)
+
+```bash
+python ./tools/mtmd/legacy-models/minicpmv-surgery.py -m ../MiniCPM-V-4_5
+python ./tools/mtmd/legacy-models/minicpmv-convert-image-encoder-to-gguf.py -m ../MiniCPM-V-4_5 --minicpmv-projector ../MiniCPM-V-4_5/minicpmv.projector --output-dir ../MiniCPM-V-4_5/ --minicpmv_version 6
+python ./convert_hf_to_gguf.py ../MiniCPM-V-4_5/model
+
+# quantize int4 version
+./build/bin/llama-quantize ../MiniCPM-V-4_5/model/ggml-model-f16.gguf ../MiniCPM-V-4_5/model/ggml-model-Q4_K_M.gguf Q4_K_M
+```
+
+
+Inference on Linux or Mac
+```bash
+# run in single-turn mode
+./build/bin/llama-mtmd-cli -m ../MiniCPM-V-4_5/model/ggml-model-f16.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-V-4_5/mmproj-model-f16.gguf -c 4096 --temp 0.7 --top-p 0.8 --top-k 100 --repeat-penalty 1.05 --image xx.jpg -p "What is in the image?"
+
+# run in conversation mode
+./build/bin/llama-mtmd-cli -m ../MiniCPM-V-4_5/model/ggml-model-Q4_K_M.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-V-4_5/mmproj-model-f16.gguf
+```

docs/ops.md

@@ -12,91 +12,92 @@ Legend:
 - 🟡 Partially supported by this backend
 - ❌ Not supported by this backend
 
-| Operation | BLAS | CANN | CPU | CUDA | Metal | OpenCL | SYCL | Vulkan |
-|-----------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|
-|                              ABS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                              ACC | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                              ADD | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                             ADD1 | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                           ARANGE | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                           ARGMAX | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                          ARGSORT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                            CLAMP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 |
-|                           CONCAT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ |
-|                             CONT | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 |
-|                          CONV_2D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ |
-|                       CONV_2D_DW | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-|                CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                              COS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 |
-|                      COUNT_EQUAL | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-|                              CPY | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 |
-|               CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|          CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                    DIAG_MASK_INF | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                              DIV | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                              DUP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 |
-|                              ELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                              EXP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                   FLASH_ATTN_EXT | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 |
-|                GATED_LINEAR_ATTN | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                            GEGLU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 |
-|                        GEGLU_ERF | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 |
-|                      GEGLU_QUICK | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 |
-|                             GELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 |
-|                         GELU_ERF | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 |
-|                       GELU_QUICK | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 |
-|                         GET_ROWS | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 |
-|                    GET_ROWS_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                       GROUP_NORM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                      HARDSIGMOID | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                        HARDSWISH | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                           IM2COL | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                          L2_NORM | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                       LEAKY_RELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                              LOG | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                             MEAN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                              MUL | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                          MUL_MAT | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 |
-|                       MUL_MAT_ID | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ |
-|                              NEG | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                             NORM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 |
-|                   OPT_STEP_ADAMW | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-|                         OUT_PROD | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                              PAD | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                   PAD_REFLECT_1D | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                          POOL_2D | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                            REGLU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 |
-|                             RELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 |
-|                           REPEAT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 |
-|                      REPEAT_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-|                         RMS_NORM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                    RMS_NORM_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-|                 RMS_NORM_MUL_ADD | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                             ROLL | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-|                             ROPE | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                        ROPE_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-|                        RWKV_WKV6 | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                        RWKV_WKV7 | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                            SCALE | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                              SET | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                         SET_ROWS | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 |
-|                              SGN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                          SIGMOID | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 |
-|                             SILU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 |
-|                        SILU_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-|                              SIN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 |
-|                         SOFT_MAX | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ |
-|                    SOFT_MAX_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ |
-|                              SQR | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 |
-|                             SQRT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                         SSM_CONV | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                         SSM_SCAN | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                             STEP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                              SUB | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                              SUM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                         SUM_ROWS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                           SWIGLU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 |
-|                             TANH | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 |
-|               TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
-|                          UPSCALE | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ |
+| Operation | BLAS | CANN | CPU | CUDA | Metal | OpenCL | SYCL | Vulkan | zDNN |
+|-----------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|
+|                              ABS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              ACC | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                              ADD | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                             ADD1 | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                           ARANGE | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                           ARGMAX | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                          ARGSORT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                            CLAMP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                           CONCAT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                             CONT | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                          CONV_2D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                       CONV_2D_DW | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              COS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                      COUNT_EQUAL | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                              CPY | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|               CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|          CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                    DIAG_MASK_INF | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                              DIV | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                              DUP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                              ELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              EXP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                   FLASH_ATTN_EXT | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                GATED_LINEAR_ATTN | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                            GEGLU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                        GEGLU_ERF | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                      GEGLU_QUICK | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                             GELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                         GELU_ERF | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                       GELU_QUICK | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                         GET_ROWS | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                    GET_ROWS_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                       GROUP_NORM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                      HARDSIGMOID | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                        HARDSWISH | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                           IM2COL | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                          L2_NORM | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                       LEAKY_RELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                              LOG | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                             MEAN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              MUL | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                          MUL_MAT | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 |
+|                       MUL_MAT_ID | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                              NEG | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                             NORM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                   OPT_STEP_ADAMW | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                         OUT_PROD | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              PAD | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                   PAD_REFLECT_1D | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                          POOL_2D | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                            REGLU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                             RELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                           REPEAT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                      REPEAT_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                         RMS_NORM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                    RMS_NORM_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                 RMS_NORM_MUL_ADD | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                             ROLL | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                             ROPE | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                        ROPE_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                        RWKV_WKV6 | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                        RWKV_WKV7 | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                            SCALE | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                              SET | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                         SET_ROWS | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                              SGN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                          SIGMOID | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                             SILU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                        SILU_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                              SIN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                          SOFTCAP | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                         SOFT_MAX | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                    SOFT_MAX_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                              SQR | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                             SQRT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                         SSM_CONV | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                         SSM_SCAN | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                             STEP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              SUB | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                              SUM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                         SUM_ROWS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                           SWIGLU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                             TANH | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|               TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                          UPSCALE | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ |

examples/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ else()
     add_subdirectory(gen-docs)
     add_subdirectory(training)
     add_subdirectory(diffusion)
+    add_subdirectory(model-conversion)
     if (NOT GGML_BACKEND_DL)
         add_subdirectory(convert-llama2c-to-ggml)
         # these examples use the backends directly and cannot be built with dynamic loading

examples/batched.swift/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 This is a swift clone of `examples/batched`.
 
-$ `make`
-$ `./llama-batched-swift MODEL_PATH [PROMPT] [PARALLEL]`
+```bash
+$ ./llama-batched-swift MODEL_PATH [PROMPT] [PARALLEL]
+```

examples/diffusion/diffusion-cli.cpp

@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     ctx_params.n_ctx                = params.n_ctx;
     ctx_params.n_batch              = params.n_batch;
     ctx_params.n_ubatch             = params.n_ubatch;
-    ctx_params.flash_attn           = params.flash_attn;
+    ctx_params.flash_attn_type      = params.flash_attn_type;
     ctx_params.no_perf              = params.no_perf;
     ctx_params.type_k               = params.cache_type_k;
     ctx_params.type_v               = params.cache_type_v;

examples/eval-callback/eval-callback.cpp

@@ -28,9 +28,40 @@ static std::string ggml_ne_string(const ggml_tensor * t) {
     return str;
 }
 
+static float ggml_get_float_value(uint8_t * data, ggml_type type, const size_t * nb, size_t i0, size_t i1, size_t i2, size_t i3) {
+    size_t i = i3 * nb[3] + i2 * nb[2] + i1 * nb[1] + i0 * nb[0];
+    float v;
+    if (type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        v = ggml_fp16_to_fp32(*(ggml_fp16_t *) &data[i]);
+    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        v = *(float *) &data[i];
+    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_I64) {
+        v = (float) *(int64_t *) &data[i];
+    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
+        v = (float) *(int32_t *) &data[i];
+    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_I16) {
+        v = (float) *(int16_t *) &data[i];
+    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_I8) {
+        v = (float) *(int8_t *) &data[i];
+    } else {
+        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    }
+    return v;
+}
+
 static void ggml_print_tensor(uint8_t * data, ggml_type type, const int64_t * ne, const size_t * nb, int64_t n) {
     GGML_ASSERT(n > 0);
     float sum = 0;
+    for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne[3]; i3++) {
+        for (int64_t i2 = 0; i2 < ne[2]; i2++) {
+            for (int64_t i1 = 0; i1 < ne[1]; i1++) {
+                for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < ne[0]; i0++) {
+                    const float v = ggml_get_float_value(data, type, nb, i0, i1, i2, i3);
+                    sum += v;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
     for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne[3]; i3++) {
         LOG("                                     [\n");
         for (int64_t i2 = 0; i2 < ne[2]; i2++) {
@@ -50,25 +81,8 @@ static void ggml_print_tensor(uint8_t * data, ggml_type type, const int64_t * ne
                         LOG("..., ");
                         i0 = ne[0] - n;
                     }
-                    size_t i = i3 * nb[3] + i2 * nb[2] + i1 * nb[1] + i0 * nb[0];
-                    float v;
-                    if (type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-                        v = ggml_fp16_to_fp32(*(ggml_fp16_t *) &data[i]);
-                    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                        v = *(float *) &data[i];
-                    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_I64) {
-                        v = (float) *(int64_t *) &data[i];
-                    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
-                        v = (float) *(int32_t *) &data[i];
-                    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_I16) {
-                        v = (float) *(int16_t *) &data[i];
-                    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_I8) {
-                        v = (float) *(int8_t *) &data[i];
-                    } else {
-                        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-                    }
+                    const float v = ggml_get_float_value(data, type, nb, i0, i1, i2, i3);
                     LOG("%12.4f", v);
-                    sum += v;
                     if (i0 < ne[0] - 1) LOG(", ");
                 }
                 LOG("],\n");

examples/llama.vim

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 "
 " start the llama.cpp server with a FIM-compatible model. for example:
 "
-"   $ llama-server -m {model.gguf} --port 8012 -ngl 99 -fa -dt 0.1 --ubatch-size 512 --batch-size 1024 --cache-reuse 256
+"   $ llama-server -m {model.gguf} --port 8012 -ngl 99 -fa --ubatch-size 512 --batch-size 1024 --cache-reuse 256
 "
 "   --batch-size [512, model max context]
 "

examples/lookahead/README.md

@@ -5,3 +5,9 @@ Demonstration of lookahead decoding technique:
 https://lmsys.org/blog/2023-11-21-lookahead-decoding/
 
 More info: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/4207
+
+Sample command:
+
+```bash
+llama-lookahead -hf ggml-org/Qwen2.5-Coder-3B-Q8_0-GGUF -p "// network server implemented in C\n// author: Peter Hacker\n\n#include" -e -ngl 99 -t 4 -n 512 -c 4096 -kvu
+```

examples/model-conversion/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+.model_name
+data
+ppl

examples/model-conversion/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+set(TARGET llama-logits)
+add_executable(${TARGET} logits.cpp)
+install(TARGETS ${TARGET} RUNTIME)
+target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE common llama ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+target_compile_features(${TARGET} PRIVATE cxx_std_17)

examples/model-conversion/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+MAKEFLAGS += --no-print-directory
+
+define validate_model_path
+	@if [ -z "$(MODEL_PATH)" ]; then \
+		echo "Error: MODEL_PATH must be provided either as:"; \
+		echo "  1. Environment variable: export MODEL_PATH=/path/to/model"; \
+		echo "  2. Command line argument: make $(1) MODEL_PATH=/path/to/model"; \
+		exit 1; \
+	fi
+endef
+
+define validate_embedding_model_path
+	@if [ -z "$(EMBEDDING_MODEL_PATH)" ]; then \
+		echo "Error: EMBEDDING_MODEL_PATH must be provided either as:"; \
+		echo "  1. Environment variable: export EMBEDDING_MODEL_PATH=/path/to/model"; \
+		echo "  2. Command line argument: make $(1) EMBEDDING_MODEL_PATH=/path/to/model"; \
+		exit 1; \
+	fi
+endef
+
+define quantize_model
+	@CONVERTED_MODEL="$(1)" QUANTIZED_TYPE="$(QUANTIZED_TYPE)" \
+	TOKEN_EMBD_TYPE="$(TOKEN_EMBD_TYPE)" OUTPUT_TYPE="$(OUTPUT_TYPE)" \
+	./scripts/utils/quantize.sh "$(1)" "$(QUANTIZED_TYPE)" "$(TOKEN_EMBD_TYPE)" "$(OUTPUT_TYPE)"
+	@echo "Export the quantized model path to $(2) variable in your environment"
+endef
+
+###
+### Casual Model targets/recipes
+###
+causal-convert-model-bf16: OUTTYPE=bf16
+causal-convert-model-bf16: causal-convert-model
+
+causal-convert-model:
+	$(call validate_model_path,causal-convert-model)
+	@MODEL_NAME="$(MODEL_NAME)" OUTTYPE="$(OUTTYPE)" MODEL_PATH="$(MODEL_PATH)" \
+	METADATA_OVERRIDE="$(METADATA_OVERRIDE)" \
+	./scripts/causal/convert-model.sh
+
+causal-convert-mm-model-bf16: OUTTYPE=bf16
+causal-convert-mm-model-bf16: MM_OUTTYPE=f16
+causal-convert-mm-model-bf16: causal-convert-mm-model
+
+causal-convert-mm-model:
+	$(call validate_model_path,causal-convert-mm-model)
+	@MODEL_NAME="$(MODEL_NAME)" OUTTYPE="$(OUTTYPE)" MODEL_PATH="$(MODEL_PATH)" \
+	METADATA_OVERRIDE="$(METADATA_OVERRIDE)" \
+	./scripts/causal/convert-model.sh
+
+	@MODEL_NAME="$(MODEL_NAME)" OUTTYPE="$(MM_OUTTYPE)" MODEL_PATH="$(MODEL_PATH)" \
+	METADATA_OVERRIDE="$(METADATA_OVERRIDE)" \
+	./scripts/causal/convert-model.sh --mmproj
+
+causal-run-original-model:
+	$(call validate_model_path,causal-run-original-model)
+	@MODEL_PATH="$(MODEL_PATH)" ./scripts/causal/run-org-model.py
+
+causal-run-converted-model:
+	@CONVERTED_MODEL="$(CONVERTED_MODEL)" ./scripts/causal/run-converted-model.sh
+
+causal-verify-logits: causal-run-original-model causal-run-converted-model
+	@./scripts/causal/compare-logits.py
+	@MODEL_PATH="$(MODEL_PATH)" ./scripts/utils/check-nmse.py -m ${MODEL_PATH}
+
+causal-run-original-embeddings:
+	@./scripts/causal/run-casual-gen-embeddings-org.sh
+
+causal-run-converted-embeddings:
+	@./scripts/causal/run-converted-model-embeddings-logits.sh
+
+causal-verify-embeddings: causal-run-original-embeddings causal-run-converted-embeddings
+	@./scripts/causal/compare-embeddings-logits.sh
+
+causal-inspect-original-model:
+	@./scripts/utils/inspect-org-model.py
+
+causal-inspect-converted-model:
+	@./scripts/utils/inspect-converted-model.sh
+
+causal-start-embedding-server:
+	@./scripts/utils/run-embedding-server.sh ${CONVERTED_MODEL}
+
+causal-curl-embedding-endpoint: causal-run-original-embeddings
+	@./scripts/utils/curl-embedding-server.sh | ./scripts/causal/compare-embeddings-logits.sh
+
+causal-quantize-Q8_0: QUANTIZED_TYPE = Q8_0
+causal-quantize-Q8_0: causal-quantize-model
+
+causal-quantize-Q4_0: QUANTIZED_TYPE = Q4_0
+causal-quantize-Q4_0: causal-quantize-model
+
+# For Quantization Aware Trained (QAT) models in Q4_0 we explicitly set the
+# token embedding and output types to Q8_0 instead of the default Q6_K.
+causal-quantize-qat-Q4_0: QUANTIZED_TYPE = Q4_0
+causal-quantize-qat-Q4_0: TOKEN_EMBD_TYPE = Q8_0
+causal-quantize-qat-Q4_0: OUTPUT_TYPE = Q8_0
+causal-quantize-qat-Q4_0: causal-quantize-model
+
+causal-quantize-model:
+	$(call quantize_model,$(CONVERTED_MODEL),QUANTIZED_MODEL)
+
+causal-run-quantized-model:
+	@QUANTIZED_MODEL="$(QUANTIZED_MODEL)" ./scripts/causal/run-converted-model.sh ${QUANTIZED_MODEL}
+
+
+###
+### Embedding Model targets/recipes
+###
+
+embedding-convert-model-bf16: OUTTYPE=bf16
+embedding-convert-model-bf16: embedding-convert-model
+
+embedding-convert-model:
+	$(call validate_embedding_model_path,embedding-convert-model)
+	@MODEL_NAME="$(MODEL_NAME)" OUTTYPE="$(OUTTYPE)" MODEL_PATH="$(EMBEDDING_MODEL_PATH)" \
+	METADATA_OVERRIDE="$(METADATA_OVERRIDE)" \
+	./scripts/embedding/convert-model.sh
+
+embedding-run-original-model:
+	$(call validate_embedding_model_path,embedding-run-original-model)
+	@EMBEDDING_MODEL_PATH="$(EMBEDDING_MODEL_PATH)" ./scripts/embedding/run-original-model.py
+
+embedding-run-converted-model:
+	@CONVERTED_EMBEDDING_MODEL="$(CONVERTED_EMBEDDING_MODEL)" ./scripts/embedding/run-converted-model.sh ${CONVERTED_EMBEDDING_MODEL}
+
+embedding-verify-logits: embedding-run-original-model embedding-run-converted-model
+	@./scripts/embedding/compare-embeddings-logits.sh
+
+embedding-inspect-original-model:
+	$(call validate_embedding_model_path,embedding-inspect-original-model)
+	@EMBEDDING_MODEL_PATH="$(EMBEDDING_MODEL_PATH)" ./scripts/utils/inspect-org-model.py -m ${EMBEDDING_MODEL_PATH}
+
+embedding-inspect-converted-model:
+	@CONVERTED_EMBEDDING_MODEL="$(CONVERTED_EMBEDDING_MODEL)" ./scripts/utils/inspect-converted-model.sh ${CONVERTED_EMBEDDING_MODEL}
+
+embedding-start-embedding-server:
+	@./scripts/utils/run-embedding-server.sh ${CONVERTED_EMBEDDING_MODEL}
+
+embedding-curl-embedding-endpoint:
+	@./scripts/utils/curl-embedding-server.sh | ./scripts/embedding/compare-embeddings-logits.sh
+
+embedding-quantize-Q8_0: QUANTIZED_TYPE = Q8_0
+embedding-quantize-Q8_0: embedding-quantize-model
+
+embedding-quantize-Q4_0: QUANTIZED_TYPE = Q4_0
+embedding-quantize-Q4_0: embedding-quantize-model
+
+# For Quantization Aware Trained (QAT) models in Q4_0 we explicitly set the
+# token embedding and output types to Q8_0 instead of the default Q6_K.
+embedding-quantize-qat-Q4_0: QUANTIZED_TYPE = Q4_0
+embedding-quantize-qat-Q4_0: TOKEN_EMBD_TYPE = Q8_0
+embedding-quantize-qat-Q4_0: OUTPUT_TYPE = Q8_0
+embedding-quantize-qat-Q4_0: embedding-quantize-model
+
+embedding-quantize-model:
+	$(call quantize_model,$(CONVERTED_EMBEDDING_MODEL),QUANTIZED_EMBEDDING_MODEL)
+
+embedding-run-quantized-model:
+	@./scripts/embedding/run-converted-model.sh ${QUANTIZED_EMBEDDING_MODEL}
+
+###
+### Perplexity targets/recipes
+###
+perplexity-data-gen:
+	CONVERTED_MODEL="$(CONVERTED_MODEL)" ./scripts/utils/perplexity-gen.sh
+
+perplexity-run-full:
+	QUANTIZED_MODEL="$(QUANTIZED_MODEL)" LOOGITS_FILE="$(LOGITS_FILE)" \
+	./scripts/utils/perplexity-run.sh
+
+perplexity-run:
+	QUANTIZED_MODEL="$(QUANTIZED_MODEL)" ./scripts/utils/perplexity-run-simple.sh
+
+###
+### HuggingFace targets/recipes
+###
+
+hf-create-model:
+	@./scripts/utils/hf-create-model.py -m "${MODEL_NAME}" -ns "${NAMESPACE}" -b "${ORIGINAL_BASE_MODEL}"
+
+hf-create-model-dry-run:
+	@./scripts/utils/hf-create-model.py -m "${MODEL_NAME}" -ns "${NAMESPACE}" -b "${ORIGINAL_BASE_MODEL}" -d
+
+hf-create-model-embedding:
+	@./scripts/utils/hf-create-model.py -m "${MODEL_NAME}" -ns "${NAMESPACE}" -b "${ORIGINAL_BASE_MODEL}" -e
+
+hf-create-model-embedding-dry-run:
+	@./scripts/utils/hf-create-model.py -m "${MODEL_NAME}" -ns "${NAMESPACE}" -b "${ORIGINAL_BASE_MODEL}" -e -d
+
+hf-create-model-private:
+	@./scripts/utils/hf-create-model.py -m "${MODEL_NAME}" -ns "${NAMESPACE}" -b "${ORIGINAL_BASE_MODEL}" -p
+
+hf-upload-gguf-to-model:
+	@./scripts/utils/hf-upload-gguf-model.py -m "${MODEL_PATH}" -r "${REPO_ID}" -o "${NAME_IN_REPO}"
+
+hf-create-collection:
+	@./scripts/utils/hf-create-collection.py -n "${NAME}" -d "${DESCRIPTION}" -ns "${NAMESPACE}"
+
+hf-add-model-to-collection:
+	@./scripts/utils/hf-add-model-to-collection.py -c "${COLLECTION}" -m "${MODEL}"
+
+
+.PHONY: clean
+clean:
+	@${RM} -rf data .converted_embedding_model.txt .converted_model.txt .embedding_model_name.txt .model_name.txt
+

examples/model-conversion/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+# Model Conversion Example
+This directory contains scripts and code to help in the process of converting
+HuggingFace PyTorch models to GGUF format.
+
+The motivation for having this is that the conversion process can often be an
+iterative process, where the original model is inspected, converted, updates
+made to llama.cpp, converted again, etc. Once the model has been converted it
+needs to be verified against the original model, and then optionally quantified,
+and in some cases perplexity checked of the quantized model. And finally the
+model/models need to the ggml-org on Hugging Face. This tool/example tries to
+help with this process.
+
+### Overview
+The idea is that the makefile targets and scripts here can be used in the
+development/conversion process assisting with things like:
+
+* inspect/run the original model to figure out how it works
+* convert the original model to GGUF format
+* inspect/run the converted model
+* verify the logits produced by the original model and the converted model
+* quantize the model to GGUF format
+* run perplexity evaluation to verify that the quantized model is performing
+  as expected
+* upload the model to HuggingFace to make it available for others
+
+## Setup
+Create virtual python environment
+```console
+$ python3.11 -m venv venv
+$ source venv/bin/activate
+(venv) $ pip install -r requirements.txt
+```
+
+## Causal Language Model Conversion
+This section describes the steps to convert a causal language model to GGUF and
+to verify that the conversion was successful.
+
+### Download the original model
+First, clone the original model to some local directory:
+```console
+$ mkdir models && cd models
+$ git clone https://huggingface.co/user/model_name
+$ cd model_name
+$ git lfs install
+$ git lfs pull
+```
+
+### Set the MODEL_PATH
+The path to the downloaded model can be provided in two ways:
+
+**Option 1: Environment variable (recommended for iterative development)**
+```console
+export MODEL_PATH=~/work/ai/models/some_model
+```
+
+**Option 2: Command line argument (for one-off tasks)**
+```console
+make causal-convert-model MODEL_PATH=~/work/ai/models/some_model
+```
+
+Command line arguments take precedence over environment variables when both are provided.
+
+In cases where the transformer implementation for the model has not been released
+yet it is possible to set the environment variable `UNRELEASED_MODEL_NAME` which
+will then cause the transformer implementation to be loaded explicitely and not
+use AutoModelForCausalLM:
+```
+export UNRELEASED_MODEL_NAME=SomeNewModel
+```
+
+### Inspecting the original tensors
+```console
+# Using environment variable
+(venv) $ make causal-inspect-original-model
+
+# Or using command line argument
+(venv) $ make causal-inspect-original-model MODEL_PATH=~/work/ai/models/some_model
+```
+
+### Running the original model
+This is mainly to verify that the original model works, and to compare the output
+from the converted model.
+```console
+# Using environment variable
+(venv) $ make causal-run-original-model
+
+# Or using command line argument
+(venv) $ make causal-run-original-model MODEL_PATH=~/work/ai/models/some_model
+```
+This command will save two files to the `data` directory, one is a binary file
+containing logits which will be used for comparison with the converted model
+later, and the other is a text file which allows for manual visual inspection.
+
+### Model conversion
+After updates have been made to [gguf-py](../../gguf-py) to add support for the
+new model, the model can be converted to GGUF format using the following command:
+```console
+# Using environment variable
+(venv) $ make causal-convert-model
+
+# Or using command line argument
+(venv) $ make causal-convert-model MODEL_PATH=~/work/ai/models/some_model
+```
+
+### Inspecting the converted model
+The converted model can be inspected using the following command:
+```console
+(venv) $ make inspect-converted-model
+```
+
+### Running the converted model
+```console
+(venv) $ make run-converted-model
+```
+
+### Model logits verfication
+The following target will run the original model and the converted model and
+compare the logits:
+```console
+(venv) $ make causal-verify-logits
+```
+
+### Quantizing the model
+The causal model can be quantized to GGUF format using the following command:
+```console
+(venv) $ make causal-quantize-Q8_0
+Quantized model saved to: /path/to/quantized/model-Q8_0.gguf
+Export the quantized model path to QUANTIZED_MODEL variable in your environment
+```
+This will show the path to the quantized model in the terminal, which can then
+be used to set the `QUANTIZED_MODEL` environment variable:
+```console
+export QUANTIZED_MODEL=/path/to/quantized/model-Q8_0.gguf
+```
+Then the quantized model can be run using the following command:
+```console
+(venv) $ make causal-run-quantized-model
+```
+
+### Quantizing QAT (Quantization Aware Training) models
+When quantizing to `Q4_0`, the default data type for the token embedding weights
+will be `Q6_K`. For models that are going to be uploaded to ggml-org it is
+recommended to use `Q8_0` instead for the embeddings and output tensors.
+The reason is that although `Q6_K` is smaller in size, it requires more compute
+to unpack, which can hurt performance during output generation when the entire
+embedding matrix must be dequantized to compute vocabulary logits. `Q8_0`
+provides practically full quality with better computational efficiency.
+```console
+(venv) $ make causal-quantize-qat-Q4_0
+```
+
+
+## Embedding Language Model Conversion
+
+### Download the original model
+```console
+$ mkdir models && cd models
+$ git clone https://huggingface.co/user/model_name
+$ cd model_name
+$ git lfs install
+$ git lfs pull
+```
+
+The path to the embedding model can be provided in two ways:
+
+**Option 1: Environment variable (recommended for iterative development)**
+```console
+export EMBEDDING_MODEL_PATH=~/path/to/embedding_model
+```
+
+**Option 2: Command line argument (for one-off tasks)**
+```console
+make embedding-convert-model EMBEDDING_MODEL_PATH=~/path/to/embedding_model
+```
+
+Command line arguments take precedence over environment variables when both are provided.
+
+### Running the original model
+This is mainly to verify that the original model works and to compare the output
+with the output from the converted model.
+```console
+# Using environment variable
+(venv) $ make embedding-run-original-model
+
+# Or using command line argument
+(venv) $ make embedding-run-original-model EMBEDDING_MODEL_PATH=~/path/to/embedding_model
+```
+This command will save two files to the `data` directory, one is a binary
+file containing logits which will be used for comparison with the converted
+model, and the other is a text file which allows for manual visual inspection.
+
+### Model conversion
+After updates have been made to [gguf-py](../../gguf-py) to add support for the
+new model the model can be converted to GGUF format using the following command:
+```console
+(venv) $ make embedding-convert-model
+```
+
+### Run the converted model
+```console
+(venv) $ make embedding-run-converted-model
+```
+
+### Model logits verfication
+The following target will run the original model and the converted model (which
+was done manually in the previous steps) and compare the logits:
+```console
+(venv) $ make embedding-verify-logits
+```
+
+### llama-server verification
+To verify that the converted model works with llama-server, the following
+command can be used:
+```console
+(venv) $ make embedding-start-embedding-server
+```
+Then open another terminal and set the `EMBEDDINGS_MODEL_PATH` environment
+variable as this will not be inherited by the new terminal:
+```console
+(venv) $ make embedding-curl-embedding-endpoint
+```
+This will call the `embedding` endpoing and the output will be piped into
+the same verification script as used by the target `embedding-verify-logits`.
+
+The causal model can also be used to produce embeddings and this can be verified
+using the following commands:
+```console
+(venv) $ make causal-start-embedding-server
+```
+Then open another terminal and set the `MODEL_PATH` environment
+variable as this will not be inherited by the new terminal:
+```console
+(venv) $ make casual-curl-embedding-endpoint
+```
+
+### Quantizing the model
+The embedding model can be quantized to GGUF format using the following command:
+```console
+(venv) $ make embedding-quantize-Q8_0
+Quantized model saved to: /path/to/quantized/model-Q8_0.gguf
+Export the quantized model path to QUANTIZED_EMBEDDING_MODEL variable in your environment
+```
+This will show the path to the quantized model in the terminal, which can then
+be used to set the `QUANTIZED_EMBEDDING_MODEL` environment variable:
+```console
+export QUANTIZED_EMBEDDING_MODEL=/path/to/quantized/model-Q8_0.gguf
+```
+Then the quantized model can be run using the following command:
+```console
+(venv) $ make embedding-run-quantized-model
+```
+
+### Quantizing QAT (Quantization Aware Training) models
+When quantizing to `Q4_0`, the default data type for the token embedding weights
+will be `Q6_K`. For models that are going to be uploaded to ggml-org it is
+recommended to use `Q8_0` instead for the embeddings and output tensors.
+The reason is that although `Q6_K` is smaller in size, it requires more compute
+to unpack, which can hurt performance during output generation when the entire
+embedding matrix must be dequantized to compute vocabulary logits. `Q8_0`
+provides practically full quality with better computational efficiency.
+```console
+(venv) $ make embedding-quantize-qat-Q4_0
+```
+
+## Perplexity Evaluation
+
+### Simple perplexity evaluation
+This allows to run the perplexity evaluation without having to generate a
+token/logits file:
+```console
+(venv) $ make perplexity-run QUANTIZED_MODEL=~/path/to/quantized/model.gguf
+```
+This will use the wikitext dataset to run the perplexity evaluation and
+output the perplexity score to the terminal. This value can then be compared
+with the perplexity score of the unquantized model.
+
+### Full perplexity evaluation
+First use the converted, non-quantized, model to generate the perplexity evaluation
+dataset using the following command:
+```console
+$ make perplexity-data-gen CONVERTED_MODEL=~/path/to/converted/model.gguf
+```
+This will generate a file in the `data` directory named after the model and with
+a `.kld` suffix which contains the tokens and the logits for the wikitext dataset.
+
+After the dataset has been generated, the perplexity evaluation can be run using
+the quantized model:
+```console
+$ make perplexity-run-full QUANTIZED_MODEL=~/path/to/quantized/model-Qxx.gguf LOGITS_FILE=data/model.gguf.ppl
+```
+
+> 📝 **Note:** The `LOGITS_FILE` is the file generated by the previous command
+> can be very large, so make sure you have enough disk space available.
+
+## HuggingFace utilities
+The following targets are useful for creating collections and model repositories
+on Hugging Face in the the ggml-org. These can be used when preparing a relase
+to script the process for new model releases.
+
+For the following targets a `HF_TOKEN` environment variable is required.
+
+> 📝 **Note:** Don't forget to logout from Hugging Face after running these
+> commands, otherwise you might have issues pulling/cloning repositories as
+> the token will still be in use:
+> $ huggingface-cli logout
+> $ unset HF_TOKEN
+
+### Create a new Hugging Face Model (model repository)
+This will create a new model repsository on Hugging Face with the specified
+model name.
+```console
+(venv) $ make hf-create-model MODEL_NAME='TestModel' NAMESPACE="danbev" ORIGINAL_BASE_MODEL="some-base-model"
+Repository ID:  danbev/TestModel-GGUF
+Repository created: https://huggingface.co/danbev/TestModel-GGUF
+```
+Note that we append a `-GGUF` suffix to the model name to ensure a consistent
+naming convention for GGUF models.
+
+An embedding model can be created using the following command:
+```console
+(venv) $ make hf-create-model-embedding MODEL_NAME='TestEmbeddingModel' NAMESPACE="danbev" ORIGINAL_BASE_MODEL="some-base-model"
+```
+The only difference is that the model card for an embedding model will be different
+with regards to the llama-server command and also how to access/call the embedding
+endpoint.
+
+### Upload a GGUF model to model repository
+The following target uploads a model to an existing Hugging Face model repository.
+```console
+(venv) $ make hf-upload-gguf-to-model MODEL_PATH=dummy-model1.gguf REPO_ID=danbev/TestModel-GGUF
+📤 Uploading dummy-model1.gguf to danbev/TestModel-GGUF/dummy-model1.gguf
+✅ Upload successful!
+🔗 File available at: https://huggingface.co/danbev/TestModel-GGUF/blob/main/dummy-model1.gguf
+```
+This command can also be used to update an existing model file in a repository.
+
+### Create a new Collection
+```console
+(venv) $ make hf-new-collection NAME=TestCollection DESCRIPTION="Collection for testing scripts" NAMESPACE=danbev
+🚀 Creating Hugging Face Collection
+Title: TestCollection
+Description: Collection for testing scripts
+Namespace: danbev
+Private: False
+✅ Authenticated as: danbev
+📚 Creating collection: 'TestCollection'...
+✅ Collection created successfully!
+📋 Collection slug: danbev/testcollection-68930fcf73eb3fc200b9956d
+🔗 Collection URL: https://huggingface.co/collections/danbev/testcollection-68930fcf73eb3fc200b9956d
+
+🎉 Collection created successfully!
+Use this slug to add models: danbev/testcollection-68930fcf73eb3fc200b9956d
+```
+
+### Add model to a Collection
+```console
+(venv) $ make hf-add-model-to-collection COLLECTION=danbev/testcollection-68930fcf73eb3fc200b9956d MODEL=danbev/TestModel-GGUF
+✅ Authenticated as: danbev
+🔍 Checking if model exists: danbev/TestModel-GGUF
+✅ Model found: danbev/TestModel-GGUF
+📚 Adding model to collection...
+✅ Model added to collection successfully!
+🔗 Collection URL: https://huggingface.co/collections/danbev/testcollection-68930fcf73eb3fc200b9956d
+
+🎉 Model added successfully!
+
+```

examples/model-conversion/logits.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+#include "llama.h"
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <filesystem>
+
+static void print_usage(int, char ** argv) {
+    printf("\nexample usage:\n");
+    printf("\n    %s -m model.gguf [-ngl n_gpu_layers] -embd-mode [prompt]\n", argv[0]);
+    printf("\n");
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
+    std::string model_path;
+    std::string prompt = "Hello, my name is";
+    int ngl = 0;
+    bool embedding_mode = false;
+
+    {
+        int i = 1;
+        for (; i < argc; i++) {
+            if (strcmp(argv[i], "-m") == 0) {
+                if (i + 1 < argc) {
+                    model_path = argv[++i];
+                } else {
+                    print_usage(argc, argv);
+                    return 1;
+                }
+            } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-ngl") == 0) {
+                if (i + 1 < argc) {
+                    try {
+                        ngl = std::stoi(argv[++i]);
+                    } catch (...) {
+                        print_usage(argc, argv);
+                        return 1;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    print_usage(argc, argv);
+                    return 1;
+                }
+            } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-embd-mode") == 0) {
+                if (i + 1 < argc) {
+                    try {
+                        embedding_mode = true;
+                    } catch (...) {
+                        print_usage(argc, argv);
+                        return 1;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    print_usage(argc, argv);
+                    return 1;
+                }
+            } else {
+                // prompt starts here
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (model_path.empty()) {
+            print_usage(argc, argv);
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        if (i < argc) {
+            prompt = argv[i++];
+            for (; i < argc; i++) {
+                prompt += " ";
+                prompt += argv[i];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    ggml_backend_load_all();
+    llama_model_params model_params = llama_model_default_params();
+    model_params.n_gpu_layers = ngl;
+
+    llama_model * model = llama_model_load_from_file(model_path.c_str(), model_params);
+
+    if (model == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr , "%s: error: unable to load model\n" , __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // Extract basename from model_path
+    const char * basename = strrchr(model_path.c_str(), '/');
+    basename = (basename == NULL) ? model_path.c_str() : basename + 1;
+
+    char model_name[256];
+    strncpy(model_name, basename, 255);
+    model_name[255] = '\0';
+
+    char * dot = strrchr(model_name, '.');
+    if (dot != NULL && strcmp(dot, ".gguf") == 0) {
+        *dot = '\0';
+    }
+    printf("Model name: %s\n", model_name);
+
+    const llama_vocab * vocab = llama_model_get_vocab(model);
+    const int n_prompt = -llama_tokenize(vocab, prompt.c_str(), prompt.size(), NULL, 0, true, true);
+
+    std::vector<llama_token> prompt_tokens(n_prompt);
+    if (llama_tokenize(vocab, prompt.c_str(), prompt.size(), prompt_tokens.data(), prompt_tokens.size(), true, true) < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: failed to tokenize the prompt\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    llama_context_params ctx_params = llama_context_default_params();
+    ctx_params.n_ctx = n_prompt;
+    ctx_params.n_batch = n_prompt;
+    ctx_params.no_perf = false;
+    if (embedding_mode) {
+        ctx_params.embeddings = true;
+        ctx_params.pooling_type = LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_NONE;
+        ctx_params.n_ubatch = ctx_params.n_batch;
+    }
+
+    llama_context * ctx = llama_init_from_model(model, ctx_params);
+    if (ctx == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr , "%s: error: failed to create the llama_context\n" , __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    printf("Input prompt: \"%s\"\n", prompt.c_str());
+    printf("Tokenized prompt (%d tokens): ", n_prompt);
+    for (auto id : prompt_tokens) {
+        char buf[128];
+        int n = llama_token_to_piece(vocab, id, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, true);
+        if (n < 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: failed to convert token to piece\n", __func__);
+            return 1;
+        }
+        std::string s(buf, n);
+        printf("%s", s.c_str());
+    }
+    printf("\n");
+
+    llama_batch batch = llama_batch_get_one(prompt_tokens.data(), prompt_tokens.size());
+
+    if (llama_decode(ctx, batch)) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s : failed to eval\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    float * logits;
+    int n_logits;
+    const char * type;
+
+    if (embedding_mode) {
+        logits = llama_get_embeddings(ctx);
+        n_logits = llama_model_n_embd(model) * batch.n_tokens;
+        type = "-embeddings";
+        printf("Embeddings size: %d\n", n_logits);
+    } else {
+        logits = llama_get_logits_ith(ctx, batch.n_tokens - 1);
+        n_logits = llama_vocab_n_tokens(vocab);
+        type = "";
+        printf("Vocab size: %d\n", n_logits);
+    }
+
+    std::filesystem::create_directory("data");
+
+    // Save logits to binary file
+    char bin_filename[512];
+    snprintf(bin_filename, sizeof(bin_filename), "data/llamacpp-%s%s.bin", model_name, type);
+    printf("Saving logits to %s\n", bin_filename);
+
+    FILE * f = fopen(bin_filename, "wb");
+    if (f == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: failed to open binary output file\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    fwrite(logits, sizeof(float), n_logits, f);
+    fclose(f);
+
+    // Also save as text for debugging
+    char txt_filename[512];
+    snprintf(txt_filename, sizeof(txt_filename), "data/llamacpp-%s%s.txt", model_name, type);
+    f = fopen(txt_filename, "w");
+    if (f == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: failed to open text output file\n", __func__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < n_logits; i++) {
+        fprintf(f, "%d: %.6f\n", i, logits[i]);  // Added index and changed format
+    }
+    fclose(f);
+
+    // Print first and last 10 logits for quick verification
+    printf("First 10 logits: ");
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10 && i < n_logits; i++) {
+        printf("%.6f ", logits[i]);
+    }
+    printf("\n");
+
+    printf("Last 10 logits: ");
+    for (int i = n_logits - 10; i < n_logits; i++) {
+        if (i >= 0) printf("%.6f ", logits[i]);
+    }
+    printf("\n\n");
+
+    printf("Logits saved to %s\n", bin_filename);
+    printf("Logits saved to %s\n", txt_filename);
+
+    llama_free(ctx);
+    llama_model_free(model);
+
+    return 0;
+}

examples/model-conversion/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+--extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu
+torch~=2.6.0
+torchvision~=0.21.0
+transformers~=4.55.0
+huggingface-hub~=0.34.0

examples/model-conversion/scripts/causal/compare-embeddings-logits.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+MODEL_PATH="${1:-"$MODEL_PATH"}"
+MODEL_NAME="${2:-$(basename "$MODEL_PATH")}"
+
+if [ -t 0 ]; then
+    CPP_EMBEDDINGS="data/llamacpp-${MODEL_NAME}-embeddings.bin"
+else
+    # Process piped JSON data and convert to binary (matching logits.cpp format)
+    TEMP_FILE=$(mktemp /tmp/tmp.XXXXXX.binn)
+    python3 -c "
+import json
+import sys
+import struct
+
+data = json.load(sys.stdin)
+
+# Flatten all embeddings completely
+flattened = []
+for item in data:
+    embedding = item['embedding']
+    for token_embedding in embedding:
+        flattened.extend(token_embedding)
+
+print(f'Total embedding values: {len(flattened)}', file=sys.stderr)
+
+# Write as binary floats - matches logitc.cpp fwrite format
+with open('$TEMP_FILE', 'wb') as f:
+    for value in flattened:
+        f.write(struct.pack('f', value))
+"
+    CPP_EMBEDDINGS="$TEMP_FILE"
+    trap "rm -f $TEMP_FILE" EXIT
+fi
+
+python scripts/utils/semantic_check.py --model-path $MODEL_PATH \
+    --python-embeddings data/pytorch-${MODEL_NAME}-embeddings.bin \
+    --cpp-embeddings $CPP_EMBEDDINGS \
+    --prompt "Hello world today" \
+    --causal
+

examples/model-conversion/scripts/causal/compare-logits.py

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import numpy as np
+import sys
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+
+def quick_logits_check(pytorch_file, llamacpp_file):
+    """Lightweight sanity check before NMSE"""
+
+    try:
+        pytorch_logits = np.fromfile(pytorch_file, dtype=np.float32)
+        llamacpp_logits = np.fromfile(llamacpp_file, dtype=np.float32)
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"❌ NOK: Failed to load files - {e}")
+        return False
+
+    # Check shapes match
+    if pytorch_logits.shape != llamacpp_logits.shape:
+        print(f"❌ NOK: Shape mismatch - PyTorch: {pytorch_logits.shape}, llama.cpp: {llamacpp_logits.shape}")
+        return False
+
+    # Calculate key metrics
+    diff = pytorch_logits - llamacpp_logits
+    abs_diff = np.abs(diff)
+    max_diff = np.max(abs_diff)
+
+    # Get top 10 predictions from both models
+    pytorch_top10 = np.argsort(pytorch_logits)[-10:][::-1]
+    llamacpp_top10 = np.argsort(llamacpp_logits)[-10:][::-1]
+    print(f"Top 10 PyTorch logits: {pytorch_logits[pytorch_top10]}")
+    print(f"Top 10 llama.cpp logits: {llamacpp_logits[llamacpp_top10]}")
+    print(f"Max absolute difference: {max_diff:.4f}")
+
+    if max_diff > 1.0:
+        print(f"❌ NOK: Large differences detected - max diff: {max_diff:.4f}")
+        return False
+
+    return True
+
+def main():
+    model_path = os.getenv('MODEL_PATH')
+    if not model_path:
+        print("Error: MODEL_PATH environment variable not set")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    if not os.path.exists(model_path):
+        print(f"Error: Model file not found: {model_path}")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    model_name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(model_path))[0]
+    data_dir = Path("data")
+
+    pytorch_file = data_dir / f"pytorch-{model_name}.bin"
+    llamacpp_file = data_dir / f"llamacpp-{model_name}.bin"
+
+    if not pytorch_file.exists():
+        print(f"Error: PyTorch logits file not found: {pytorch_file}")
+        print("Please run scripts/run-org-model.sh first to generate this file.")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    if not llamacpp_file.exists():
+        print(f"Error: llama.cpp logits file not found: {llamacpp_file}")
+        print("Please run scripts/run-converted-model.sh first to generate this file.")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    print("Checked all required files were found. Proceeding...\n")
+
+
+    print("🔍 GGML Model Validation for model ", model_name)
+    print("=" * 40)
+    print(f"PyTorch logits  : {pytorch_file}")
+    print(f"llama.cpp logits: {llamacpp_file}")
+    print()
+
+    success = quick_logits_check(pytorch_file, llamacpp_file)
+
+    # Exit with appropriate code
+    if success:
+        print("✅ OK: Lightweight model check successful!")
+        print("       Ok to proceed with NMSE check...")
+        sys.exit(0)
+    else:
+        print(f"❌ NOK: Top 10 predictions don't match - generation will differ")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

examples/model-conversion/scripts/causal/convert-model.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+# Parse command line arguments
+MMPROJ=""
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+    case $1 in
+        --mmproj)
+            MMPROJ="--mmproj"
+            shift
+            ;;
+        *)
+            shift
+            ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+MODEL_NAME="${MODEL_NAME:-$(basename "$MODEL_PATH")}"
+OUTPUT_DIR="${OUTPUT_DIR:-../../models}"
+TYPE="${OUTTYPE:-f16}"
+METADATA_OVERRIDE="${METADATA_OVERRIDE:-}"
+CONVERTED_MODEL="${OUTPUT_DIR}/${MODEL_NAME}.gguf"
+
+echo "Model path: ${MODEL_PATH}"
+echo "Model name: ${MODEL_NAME}"
+echo "Data  type: ${TYPE}"
+echo "Converted model path:: ${CONVERTED_MODEL}"
+echo "Metadata override: ${METADATA_OVERRIDE}"
+
+CMD_ARGS=("python" "../../convert_hf_to_gguf.py" "--verbose")
+CMD_ARGS+=("${MODEL_PATH}")
+CMD_ARGS+=("--outfile" "${CONVERTED_MODEL}")
+CMD_ARGS+=("--outtype" "${TYPE}")
+[[ -n "$METADATA_OVERRIDE" ]] && CMD_ARGS+=("--metadata" "${METADATA_OVERRIDE}")
+[[ -n "$MMPROJ" ]] && CMD_ARGS+=("${MMPROJ}")
+
+"${CMD_ARGS[@]}"
+
+echo ""
+echo "The environment variable CONVERTED_MODEL can be set to this path using:"
+echo "export CONVERTED_MODEL=$(realpath ${CONVERTED_MODEL})"
+if [[ -n "$MMPROJ" ]]; then
+    mmproj_file="${OUTPUT_DIR}/mmproj-$(basename "${CONVERTED_MODEL}")"
+    echo "The mmproj model was created in $(realpath "$mmproj_file")"
+fi

examples/model-conversion/scripts/causal/modelcard.template

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+---
+base_model:
+- {base_model}
+---
+# {model_name} GGUF
+
+Recommended way to run this model:
+
+```sh
+llama-server -hf {namespace}/{model_name}-GGUF -c 0 -fa
+```
+
+Then, access http://localhost:8080

examples/model-conversion/scripts/causal/run-casual-gen-embeddings-org.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import argparse
+import os
+import importlib
+import sys
+import torch
+import numpy as np
+
+from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoConfig, AutoModel, AutoModelForCausalLM
+from pathlib import Path
+
+unreleased_model_name = os.getenv('UNRELEASED_MODEL_NAME')
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Process model with specified path')
+parser.add_argument('--model-path', '-m', help='Path to the model')
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+model_path = os.environ.get('MODEL_PATH', args.model_path)
+if model_path is None:
+    parser.error("Model path must be specified either via --model-path argument or MODEL_PATH environment variable")
+
+config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_path)
+
+print("Model type:       ", config.model_type)
+print("Vocab size:       ", config.vocab_size)
+print("Hidden size:      ", config.hidden_size)
+print("Number of layers: ", config.num_hidden_layers)
+print("BOS token id:     ", config.bos_token_id)
+print("EOS token id:     ", config.eos_token_id)
+
+print("Loading model and tokenizer using AutoTokenizer:", model_path)
+tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path)
+
+if unreleased_model_name:
+    model_name_lower = unreleased_model_name.lower()
+    unreleased_module_path = f"transformers.models.{model_name_lower}.modular_{model_name_lower}"
+    class_name = f"{unreleased_model_name}ForCausalLM"
+    print(f"Importing unreleased model module: {unreleased_module_path}")
+
+    try:
+        model_class = getattr(importlib.import_module(unreleased_module_path), class_name)
+        model = model_class.from_pretrained(model_path)
+    except (ImportError, AttributeError) as e:
+        print(f"Failed to import or load model: {e}")
+else:
+    model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_path)
+print(f"Model class: {type(model)}")
+#print(f"Model file: {type(model).__module__}")
+
+model_name = os.path.basename(model_path)
+print(f"Model name: {model_name}")
+
+prompt = "Hello world today"
+input_ids = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt").input_ids
+print(f"Input tokens: {input_ids}")
+print(f"Input text: {repr(prompt)}")
+print(f"Tokenized: {tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(input_ids[0])}")
+
+with torch.no_grad():
+    outputs = model(input_ids, output_hidden_states=True)
+
+    # Extract hidden states from the last layer
+    # outputs.hidden_states is a tuple of (num_layers + 1) tensors
+    # Index -1 gets the last layer, shape: [batch_size, seq_len, hidden_size]
+    last_hidden_states = outputs.hidden_states[-1]
+
+    # Get embeddings for all tokens
+    token_embeddings = last_hidden_states[0].cpu().numpy()  # Remove batch dimension
+
+    print(f"Hidden states shape: {last_hidden_states.shape}")
+    print(f"Token embeddings shape: {token_embeddings.shape}")
+    print(f"Hidden dimension: {token_embeddings.shape[-1]}")
+    print(f"Number of tokens: {token_embeddings.shape[0]}")
+
+    # Save raw token embeddings
+    data_dir = Path("data")
+    data_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    bin_filename = data_dir / f"pytorch-{model_name}-embeddings.bin"
+    txt_filename = data_dir / f"pytorch-{model_name}-embeddings.txt"
+
+    # Save all token embeddings as binary
+    print(token_embeddings)
+    token_embeddings.astype(np.float32).tofile(bin_filename)
+
+    # Save as text for inspection
+    with open(txt_filename, "w") as f:
+        for i, embedding in enumerate(token_embeddings):
+            for j, val in enumerate(embedding):
+                f.write(f"{i} {j} {val:.6f}\n")
+
+    # Print embeddings per token in the requested format
+    print("\nToken embeddings:")
+    tokens = tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(input_ids[0])
+    for i, embedding in enumerate(token_embeddings):
+        # Format: show first few values, ..., then last few values
+        if len(embedding) > 10:
+            # Show first 3 and last 3 values with ... in between
+            first_vals = " ".join(f"{val:8.6f}" for val in embedding[:3])
+            last_vals = " ".join(f"{val:8.6f}" for val in embedding[-3:])
+            print(f"embedding {i}: {first_vals}  ... {last_vals}")
+        else:
+            # If embedding is short, show all values
+            vals = " ".join(f"{val:8.6f}" for val in embedding)
+            print(f"embedding {i}: {vals}")
+
+    # Also show token info for reference
+    print(f"\nToken reference:")
+    for i, token in enumerate(tokens):
+        print(f"  Token {i}: {repr(token)}")
+
+    print(f"Saved bin logits to: {bin_filename}")
+    print(f"Saved txt logist to: {txt_filename}")

examples/model-conversion/scripts/causal/run-converted-model-embeddings-logits.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+# First try command line argument, then environment variable, then file
+CONVERTED_MODEL="${1:-"$CONVERTED_MODEL"}"
+
+# Final check if we have a model path
+if [ -z "$CONVERTED_MODEL" ]; then
+    echo "Error: Model path must be provided either as:" >&2
+    echo "  1. Command line argument" >&2
+    echo "  2. CONVERTED_MODEL environment variable" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+cmake --build ../../build --target llama-logits -j8
+
+../../build/bin/llama-logits -m $CONVERTED_MODEL -embd-mode "Hello world today"

examples/model-conversion/scripts/causal/run-converted-model.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+# First try command line argument, then environment variable, then file
+CONVERTED_MODEL="${1:-"$CONVERTED_MODEL"}"
+
+# Final check if we have a model path
+if [ -z "$CONVERTED_MODEL" ]; then
+    echo "Error: Model path must be provided either as:" >&2
+    echo "  1. Command line argument" >&2
+    echo "  2. CONVERTED_MODEL environment variable" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+echo $CONVERTED_MODEL
+
+cmake --build ../../build --target llama-logits -j8
+
+../../build/bin/llama-logits -m "$CONVERTED_MODEL" "Hello, my name is"

examples/model-conversion/scripts/causal/run-org-model.py

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import argparse
+import os
+import importlib
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoConfig
+import torch
+import numpy as np
+
+unreleased_model_name = os.getenv('UNRELEASED_MODEL_NAME')
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Process model with specified path')
+parser.add_argument('--model-path', '-m', help='Path to the model')
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+model_path = os.environ.get('MODEL_PATH', args.model_path)
+if model_path is None:
+    parser.error("Model path must be specified either via --model-path argument or MODEL_PATH environment variable")
+
+config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_path)
+
+print("Model type:       ", config.model_type)
+print("Vocab size:       ", config.vocab_size)
+print("Hidden size:      ", config.hidden_size)
+print("Number of layers: ", config.num_hidden_layers)
+print("BOS token id:     ", config.bos_token_id)
+print("EOS token id:     ", config.eos_token_id)
+
+print("Loading model and tokenizer using AutoTokenizer:", model_path)
+tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path)
+config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_path)
+
+if unreleased_model_name:
+    model_name_lower = unreleased_model_name.lower()
+    unreleased_module_path = f"transformers.models.{model_name_lower}.modular_{model_name_lower}"
+    class_name = f"{unreleased_model_name}ForCausalLM"
+    print(f"Importing unreleased model module: {unreleased_module_path}")
+
+    try:
+        model_class = getattr(importlib.import_module(unreleased_module_path), class_name)
+        model = model_class.from_pretrained(model_path)  # Note: from_pretrained, not fromPretrained
+    except (ImportError, AttributeError) as e:
+        print(f"Failed to import or load model: {e}")
+        exit(1)
+else:
+    model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_path)
+
+model_name = os.path.basename(model_path)
+# Printing the Model class to allow for easier debugging. This can be useful
+# when working with models that have not been publicly released yet and this
+# migth require that the concrete class is imported and used directly instead
+# of using AutoModelForCausalLM.
+print(f"Model class: {model.__class__.__name__}")
+
+prompt = "Hello, my name is"
+input_ids = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt").input_ids
+
+print(f"Input tokens: {input_ids}")
+print(f"Input text: {repr(prompt)}")
+print(f"Tokenized: {tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(input_ids[0])}")
+
+with torch.no_grad():
+    outputs = model(input_ids)
+    logits = outputs.logits
+
+    # Extract logits for the last token (next token prediction)
+    last_logits = logits[0, -1, :].cpu().numpy()
+
+    print(f"Logits shape: {logits.shape}")
+    print(f"Last token logits shape: {last_logits.shape}")
+    print(f"Vocab size: {len(last_logits)}")
+
+    data_dir = Path("data")
+    data_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    bin_filename = data_dir / f"pytorch-{model_name}.bin"
+    txt_filename = data_dir / f"pytorch-{model_name}.txt"
+
+    # Save to file for comparison
+    last_logits.astype(np.float32).tofile(bin_filename)
+
+    # Also save as text file for easy inspection
+    with open(txt_filename, "w") as f:
+        for i, logit in enumerate(last_logits):
+            f.write(f"{i}: {logit:.6f}\n")
+
+    # Print some sample logits for quick verification
+    print(f"First 10 logits: {last_logits[:10]}")
+    print(f"Last 10 logits: {last_logits[-10:]}")
+
+    # Show top 5 predicted tokens
+    top_indices = np.argsort(last_logits)[-5:][::-1]
+    print("Top 5 predictions:")
+    for idx in top_indices:
+        token = tokenizer.decode([idx])
+        print(f"  Token {idx} ({repr(token)}): {last_logits[idx]:.6f}")
+
+    print(f"Saved bin logits to: {bin_filename}")
+    print(f"Saved txt logist to: {txt_filename}")

examples/model-conversion/scripts/embedding/compare-embeddings-logits.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+MODEL_PATH="${1:-"$EMBEDDING_MODEL_PATH"}"
+MODEL_NAME="${2:-$(basename "$MODEL_PATH")}"
+
+if [ -t 0 ]; then
+    CPP_EMBEDDINGS="data/llamacpp-${MODEL_NAME}-embeddings.bin"
+else
+    # Process piped JSON data and convert to binary (matching logits.cpp format)
+    TEMP_FILE=$(mktemp /tmp/tmp.XXXXXX.binn)
+    python3 -c "
+import json
+import sys
+import struct
+
+data = json.load(sys.stdin)
+
+# Flatten all embeddings completely
+flattened = []
+for item in data:
+    embedding = item['embedding']
+    for token_embedding in embedding:
+        flattened.extend(token_embedding)
+
+print(f'Total embedding values: {len(flattened)}', file=sys.stderr)
+
+# Write as binary floats - matches logitc.cpp fwrite format
+with open('$TEMP_FILE', 'wb') as f:
+    for value in flattened:
+        f.write(struct.pack('f', value))
+"
+    CPP_EMBEDDINGS="$TEMP_FILE"
+    trap "rm -f $TEMP_FILE" EXIT
+fi
+
+python scripts/utils/semantic_check.py --model-path $MODEL_PATH \
+    --python-embeddings data/pytorch-${MODEL_NAME}-embeddings.bin \
+    --cpp-embeddings $CPP_EMBEDDINGS \
+    --prompt "Hello world today"
+

examples/model-conversion/scripts/embedding/convert-model.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+MODEL_NAME="${MODEL_NAME:-$(basename "$EMBEDDING_MODEL_PATH")}"
+OUTPUT_DIR="${OUTPUT_DIR:-../../models}"
+TYPE="${OUTTYPE:-f16}"
+METADATA_OVERRIDE="${METADATA_OVERRIDE:-}"
+CONVERTED_MODEL="${OUTPUT_DIR}/${MODEL_NAME}.gguf"
+
+echo "Model path: ${EMBEDDING_MODEL_PATH}"
+echo "Model name: ${MODEL_NAME}"
+echo "Data  type: ${TYPE}"
+echo "Converted model path:: ${CONVERTED_MODEL}"
+python ../../convert_hf_to_gguf.py --verbose \
+    ${EMBEDDING_MODEL_PATH} \
+    --outfile ${CONVERTED_MODEL} \
+    --outtype ${TYPE}
+
+echo ""
+echo "The environment variable CONVERTED_EMBEDDING MODEL can be set to this path using:"
+echo "export CONVERTED_EMBEDDING_MODEL=$(realpath ${CONVERTED_MODEL})"

examples/model-conversion/scripts/embedding/modelcard.template

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+---
+base_model:
+- {base_model}
+---
+# {model_name} GGUF
+
+Recommended way to run this model:
+
+```sh
+llama-server -hf {namespace}/{model_name}-GGUF
+```
+
+Then the endpoint can be accessed at http://localhost:8080/embedding, for
+example using `curl`:
+```console
+curl --request POST \
+    --url http://localhost:8080/embedding \
+    --header "Content-Type: application/json" \
+    --data '{{"input": "Hello embeddings"}}' \
+    --silent
+```
+
+Alternatively, the `llama-embedding` command line tool can be used:
+```sh
+llama-embedding -hf {namespace}/{model_name}-GGUF --verbose-prompt -p "Hello embeddings"
+```
+
+#### embd_normalize
+When a model uses pooling, or the pooling method is specified using `--pooling`,
+the normalization can be controlled by the `embd_normalize` parameter.
+
+The default value is `2` which means that the embeddings are normalized using
+the Euclidean norm (L2). Other options are:
+* -1 No normalization
+*  0 Max absolute
+*  1 Taxicab
+*  2 Euclidean/L2
+* \>2 P-Norm
+
+This can be passed in the request body to `llama-server`, for example:
+```sh
+    --data '{{"input": "Hello embeddings", "embd_normalize": -1}}' \
+```
+
+And for `llama-embedding`, by passing `--embd-normalize <value>`, for example:
+```sh
+llama-embedding -hf {namespace}/{model_name}-GGUF  --embd-normalize -1 -p "Hello embeddings"
+```

examples/model-conversion/scripts/embedding/run-converted-model.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+# First try command line argument, then environment variable, then file
+CONVERTED_MODEL="${1:-"$CONVERTED_EMBEDDING_MODEL"}"
+
+# Final check if we have a model path
+if [ -z "$CONVERTED_MODEL" ]; then
+    echo "Error: Model path must be provided either as:" >&2
+    echo "  1. Command line argument" >&2
+    echo "  2. CONVERTED_EMBEDDING_MODEL environment variable" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+echo $CONVERTED_MODEL
+
+cmake --build ../../build --target llama-logits -j8
+
+../../build/bin/llama-logits -m "$CONVERTED_MODEL" -embd-mode "Hello world today"

examples/model-conversion/scripts/embedding/run-original-model.py

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import argparse
+import os
+import numpy as np
+import importlib
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoConfig, AutoModel
+import torch
+
+unreleased_model_name = os.getenv('UNRELEASED_MODEL_NAME')
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Process model with specified path')
+parser.add_argument('--model-path', '-m', help='Path to the model')
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+model_path = os.environ.get('EMBEDDING_MODEL_PATH', args.model_path)
+if model_path is None:
+    parser.error("Model path must be specified either via --model-path argument or EMBEDDING_MODEL_PATH environment variable")
+
+tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path)
+
+if unreleased_model_name:
+    model_name_lower = unreleased_model_name.lower()
+    unreleased_module_path = f"transformers.models.{model_name_lower}.modular_{model_name_lower}"
+    class_name = f"{unreleased_model_name}Model"
+    print(f"Importing unreleased model module: {unreleased_module_path}")
+
+    try:
+        model_class = getattr(importlib.import_module(unreleased_module_path), class_name)
+        model = model_class.from_pretrained(model_path)  # Note: from_pretrained, not fromPretrained
+    except (ImportError, AttributeError) as e:
+        print(f"Failed to import or load model: {e}")
+        exit(1)
+else:
+    model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(model_path)
+print(f"Model class: {type(model)}")
+#print(f"Model file: {type(model).__module__}")
+config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_path)
+
+model_name = os.path.basename(model_path)
+
+texts = [ "Hello world today" ]
+
+encoded = tokenizer(
+    texts,
+    padding=True,
+    truncation=True,
+    return_tensors="pt"
+)
+
+tokens = encoded['input_ids'][0]
+token_strings = tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(tokens)
+for i, (token_id, token_str) in enumerate(zip(tokens, token_strings)):
+    print(f"{token_id:6d} -> '{token_str}'")
+
+with torch.no_grad():
+    outputs = model(**encoded)
+    hidden_states = outputs.last_hidden_state  # Shape: [batch_size, seq_len, hidden_size]
+
+    # Extract embeddings for each token (matching LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_NONE behavior)
+    all_embeddings = hidden_states[0].cpu().numpy()  # Shape: [seq_len, hidden_size]
+
+    print(f"Hidden states shape: {hidden_states.shape}")
+    print(f"All embeddings shape: {all_embeddings.shape}")
+    print(f"Embedding dimension: {all_embeddings.shape[1]}")
+
+    # Print embeddings exactly like embedding.cpp does for LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_NONE
+    n_embd = all_embeddings.shape[1]
+    n_embd_count = all_embeddings.shape[0]
+
+    print()  # Empty line to match C++ output
+
+    for j in range(n_embd_count):
+        embedding = all_embeddings[j]
+        print(f"embedding {j}: ", end="")
+
+        # Print first 3 values
+        for i in range(min(3, n_embd)):
+            print(f"{embedding[i]:9.6f} ", end="")
+
+        print(" ... ", end="")
+
+        # Print last 3 values
+        for i in range(n_embd - 3, n_embd):
+            print(f"{embedding[i]:9.6f} ", end="")
+
+        print()  # New line
+
+    print()  # Final empty line to match C++ output
+
+    data_dir = Path("data")
+    data_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    bin_filename = data_dir / f"pytorch-{model_name}-embeddings.bin"
+    txt_filename = data_dir / f"pytorch-{model_name}-embeddings.txt"
+
+    # Save all embeddings flattened (matching what embedding.cpp would save if it did)
+    flattened_embeddings = all_embeddings.flatten()
+    flattened_embeddings.astype(np.float32).tofile(bin_filename)
+
+    with open(txt_filename, "w") as f:
+        f.write(f"# Model class: {model_name}\n")
+        f.write(f"# Tokens: {token_strings}\n")
+        f.write(f"# Shape: {all_embeddings.shape}\n")
+        f.write(f"# n_embd_count: {n_embd_count}, n_embd: {n_embd}\n\n")
+
+        for j in range(n_embd_count):
+            f.write(f"# Token {j} ({token_strings[j]}):\n")
+            for i, value in enumerate(all_embeddings[j]):
+                f.write(f"{j}_{i}: {value:.6f}\n")
+            f.write("\n")
+    print(f"Total values: {len(flattened_embeddings)} ({n_embd_count} tokens × {n_embd} dimensions)")
+    print("")
+    print(f"Saved bin embeddings to: {bin_filename}")
+    print(f"Saved txt embeddings to: {txt_filename}")

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/check-nmse.py

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import numpy as np
+import sys
+import os
+import argparse
+from pathlib import Path
+
+def calculate_nmse(reference, test):
+    mse = np.mean((test - reference) ** 2)
+    ref_var = np.var(reference)
+    if ref_var == 0:
+        nmse = float('inf') if mse > 0 else 0.0
+        return mse, mse, ref_var
+
+    nmse = mse / ref_var
+
+    return nmse, mse, ref_var
+
+def load_logits(file_path):
+    if not os.path.exists(file_path):
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"File not found: {file_path}")
+
+    if file_path.suffix == '.npy':
+        return np.load(file_path)
+    elif file_path.suffix == '.bin':
+        return np.fromfile(file_path, dtype=np.float32)
+    else:
+        # Try to load as text file
+        try:
+            # If it has index format "0: value", extract just values
+            data = []
+            with open(file_path, 'r') as f:
+                for line in f:
+                    if ':' in line:
+                        # Format: "index: value"
+                        value = float(line.split(':')[1].strip())
+                    else:
+                        # Just the value
+                        value = float(line.strip())
+                    data.append(value)
+            return np.array(data, dtype=np.float32)
+        except:
+            return np.loadtxt(file_path, dtype=np.float32)
+
+def interpret_nmse(nmse):
+    """Provide interpretation of NMSE value"""
+    if nmse == 0:
+        return "Perfect match", "🎉"
+    elif nmse < 1e-6:
+        return "Essentially identical", "✅"
+    elif nmse < 1e-4:
+        return "Excellent match", "✅"
+    elif nmse < 1e-3:
+        return "Very good match", "👍"
+    elif nmse < 1e-2:
+        return "Good match", "👍"
+    elif nmse < 0.1:
+        return "Acceptable match", "⚠️"
+    elif nmse < 1.0:
+        return "Poor match", "❌"
+    else:
+        return "Very poor match (worse than noise)", "❌"
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Validate model logits')
+    parser.add_argument('-m', '--model-path', required=True,  help='Path to the model directory')
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    model_name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(args.model_path))[0]
+    data_dir = Path("data")
+
+    pytorch_file = data_dir / f"pytorch-{model_name}.bin"
+    llamacpp_file = data_dir / f"llamacpp-{model_name}.bin"
+
+    print(f"Model name: {model_name}")
+    print(f"PyTorch logits file: {pytorch_file}")
+    print(f"llama.cpp logits file: {llamacpp_file}")
+
+    reference_file = pytorch_file
+    test_file = llamacpp_file
+
+    print("📊 NMSE Check for Model Comparison")
+    print("=" * 50)
+    print(f"Reference (ground truth): {reference_file}")
+    print(f"Test (to evaluate):       {test_file}")
+    print()
+
+    try:
+        print("Loading reference logits...")
+        reference = load_logits(reference_file)
+        print(f"  Shape: {reference.shape}, Type: {reference.dtype}")
+
+        print("Loading test logits...")
+        test = load_logits(test_file)
+        print(f"  Shape: {test.shape}, Type: {test.dtype}")
+
+        # Check shapes match
+        if reference.shape != test.shape:
+            print(f"\n❌ Error: Shape mismatch!")
+            print(f"  Reference: {reference.shape}")
+            print(f"  Test: {test.shape}")
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+        print(f"\n✅ Shapes match: {reference.shape}")
+
+        nmse, mse, ref_var = calculate_nmse(reference, test)
+
+        # Additional metrics
+        max_abs_error = np.max(np.abs(test - reference))
+        mean_abs_error = np.mean(np.abs(test - reference))
+
+        # Results
+        print(f"\n📈 METRICS")
+        print("=" * 30)
+        print(f"MSE (Mean Squared Error):     {mse:.6e}")
+        print(f"Reference Variance:           {ref_var:.6e}")
+        print(f"NMSE:                         {nmse:.6e}")
+        print(f"Max Absolute Error:           {max_abs_error:.6f}")
+        print(f"Mean Absolute Error:          {mean_abs_error:.6f}")
+
+        # NMSE in dB (common in signal processing)
+        if nmse > 0:
+            nmse_db = 10 * np.log10(nmse)
+            print(f"NMSE (dB):                    {nmse_db:.2f} dB")
+
+        # Interpretation
+        interpretation, emoji = interpret_nmse(nmse)
+        print(f"\n🎯 INTERPRETATION")
+        print("=" * 30)
+        print(f"{emoji} {interpretation}")
+
+        # Detailed guidance
+        print(f"\n📋 GUIDANCE")
+        print("=" * 30)
+        if nmse < 1e-3:
+            print("✅ EXCELLENT: Your GGML conversion is working very well!")
+            print("   The differences are negligible for practical use.")
+        elif nmse < 1e-2:
+            print("👍 GOOD: Your GGML conversion is working well.")
+            print("   Small differences are likely due to precision/quantization.")
+        elif nmse < 0.1:
+            print("⚠️  ACCEPTABLE: Conversion is working but with some differences.")
+            print("   Check if you're using quantization (Q4, Q8, etc.)")
+            print("   Test generation quality to see if it's acceptable.")
+        else:
+            print("❌ PROBLEMATIC: Large differences detected.")
+            print("   Check your conversion process for potential issues.")
+            print("   Verify you're using the same model weights.")
+
+        # NMSE benchmarks
+        print(f"\n📚 NMSE BENCHMARKS")
+        print("=" * 30)
+        print("< 1e-6:  Essentially identical")
+        print("< 1e-4:  Excellent (typical for good conversions)")
+        print("< 1e-3:  Very good")
+        print("< 1e-2:  Good (acceptable for most use cases)")
+        print("< 0.1:   Acceptable (may need verification)")
+        print("> 1.0:   Poor (worse than random)")
+
+        # Exit code based on NMSE
+        if nmse < 1e-2:
+            print(f"\n✅ RESULT: PASS (NMSE = {nmse:.2e})")
+            sys.exit(0)
+        else:
+            print(f"\n❌ RESULT: NEEDS REVIEW (NMSE = {nmse:.2e})")
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"❌ Error: {e}")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/create-collection-add-model.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+COLLECTION_SLUG=$(python ./create_collection.py --return-slug)
+echo "Created collection: $COLLECTION_SLUG"
+
+# Use it in the next command
+python add_model_to_collection.py "$COLLECTION_SLUG" "username/my-model"

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/hf-add-model-to-collection.py

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+from huggingface_hub import HfApi
+import argparse
+import sys
+
+def add_model_to_collection(collection_slug, model_id, note=""):
+    """
+    Add a model to an existing collection
+
+    Args:
+        collection_slug: The slug of the collection (e.g., "username/collection-name-12345")
+        model_id: The model repository ID (e.g., "username/model-name")
+        note: Optional note about the model
+
+    Returns:
+        True if successful, False if failed
+    """
+
+    # Initialize API
+    api = HfApi()
+
+    try:
+        user_info = api.whoami()
+        print(f"✅ Authenticated as: {user_info['name']}")
+
+        # Verify the model exists
+        print(f"🔍 Checking if model exists: {model_id}")
+        try:
+            model_info = api.model_info(model_id)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"❌ Model not found or not accessible: {model_id}")
+            print(f"Error: {e}")
+            return False
+
+        print(f"📚 Adding model to collection...")
+        api.add_collection_item(
+            collection_slug=collection_slug,
+            item_id=model_id,
+            item_type="model",
+            note=note
+        )
+
+        print(f"✅ Model added to collection successfully!")
+        print(f"🔗 Collection URL: https://huggingface.co/collections/{collection_slug}")
+
+        return True
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"❌ Error adding model to collection: {e}")
+        return False
+
+def main():
+    # This script requires that the environment variable HF_TOKEN is set with your
+    # Hugging Face API token.
+    api = HfApi()
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Add model to a Huggingface Collection')
+    parser.add_argument('--collection', '-c', help='The collection slug username/collection-hash', required=True)
+    parser.add_argument('--model', '-m', help='The model to add to the Collection', required=True)
+    parser.add_argument('--note', '-n', help='An optional note/description', required=False)
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    collection = args.collection
+    model = args.model
+    note = args.note
+
+    success = add_model_to_collection(
+        collection_slug=collection,
+        model_id=model,
+        note=note
+    )
+
+    if success:
+        print("\n🎉 Model added successfully!")
+    else:
+        print("\n❌ Failed to add model to collection")
+        sys.exit(1)
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/hf-create-collection.py

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+from huggingface_hub import HfApi
+import argparse
+import os
+import sys
+
+
+def create_collection(title, description, private=False, namespace=None, return_slug=False):
+    """
+    Create a new collection on Hugging Face
+
+    Args:
+        title: Collection title
+        description: Collection description
+        private: Whether the collection should be private (default: False)
+        namespace: Optional namespace (defaults to your username)
+
+    Returns:
+        Collection object if successful, None if failed
+    """
+
+    # Check if HF_TOKEN is available
+    token = os.getenv("HF_TOKEN") or os.getenv("HUGGINGFACE_HUB_TOKEN")
+    if not token:
+        print("❌ No HF_TOKEN or HUGGINGFACE_HUB_TOKEN found in environment variables")
+        print("Please set your Hugging Face token as an environment variable")
+        return None
+
+    # Initialize API
+    api = HfApi()
+
+    try:
+        # Test authentication first
+        user_info = api.whoami()
+        if not return_slug:
+            print(f"✅ Authenticated as: {user_info['name']}")
+
+        # Create the collection
+        if not return_slug:
+            print(f"📚 Creating collection: '{title}'...")
+        collection = api.create_collection(
+            title=title,
+            description=description,
+            private=private,
+            namespace=namespace
+        )
+
+        if not return_slug:
+            print(f"✅ Collection created successfully!")
+            print(f"📋 Collection slug: {collection.slug}")
+            print(f"🔗 Collection URL: https://huggingface.co/collections/{collection.slug}")
+
+        return collection
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"❌ Error creating collection: {e}")
+        return None
+
+def main():
+    # This script requires that the environment variable HF_TOKEN is set with your
+    # Hugging Face API token.
+    api = HfApi()
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Create a Huggingface Collection')
+    parser.add_argument('--name', '-n', help='The name/title of the Collection', required=True)
+    parser.add_argument('--description', '-d', help='The description for the Collection', required=True)
+    parser.add_argument('--namespace', '-ns', help='The namespace to add the Collection to', required=True)
+    parser.add_argument('--private', '-p', help='Create a private Collection', action='store_true')  # Fixed
+    parser.add_argument('--return-slug', '-s', help='Only output the collection slug', action='store_true')  # Fixed
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    name = args.name
+    description = args.description
+    private = args.private
+    namespace = args.namespace
+    return_slug = args.return_slug
+
+    if not return_slug:
+        print("🚀 Creating Hugging Face Collection")
+        print(f"Title: {name}")
+        print(f"Description: {description}")
+        print(f"Namespace: {namespace}")
+        print(f"Private: {private}")
+
+    collection = create_collection(
+        title=name,
+        description=description,
+        private=private,
+        namespace=namespace,
+        return_slug=return_slug
+    )
+
+    if collection:
+        if return_slug:
+            print(collection.slug)
+        else:
+            print("\n🎉 Collection created successfully!")
+            print(f"Use this slug to add models: {collection.slug}")
+    else:
+        print("\n❌ Failed to create collection")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/hf-create-model.py

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+from huggingface_hub import HfApi
+import argparse
+
+# This script requires that the environment variable HF_TOKEN is set with your
+# Hugging Face API token.
+api = HfApi()
+
+def load_template_and_substitute(template_path, **kwargs):
+    try:
+        with open(template_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            template_content = f.read()
+
+        return template_content.format(**kwargs)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        print(f"Template file '{template_path}' not found!")
+        return None
+    except KeyError as e:
+        print(f"Missing template variable: {e}")
+        return None
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Create a new Hugging Face model repository')
+parser.add_argument('--model-name', '-m', help='Name for the model', required=True)
+parser.add_argument('--namespace', '-ns', help='Namespace to add the model to', required=True)
+parser.add_argument('--org-base-model', '-b', help='Original Base model name', default="")
+parser.add_argument('--no-card', action='store_true', help='Skip creating model card')
+parser.add_argument('--private', '-p', action='store_true', help='Create private model')
+parser.add_argument('--embedding', '-e', action='store_true', help='Use embedding model card template')
+parser.add_argument('--dry-run', '-d', action='store_true', help='Print repository info and template without creating repository')
+
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+repo_id = f"{args.namespace}/{args.model_name}-GGUF"
+print("Repository ID: ", repo_id)
+
+repo_url = None
+if not args.dry_run:
+    repo_url = api.create_repo(
+        repo_id=repo_id,
+        repo_type="model",
+        private=args.private,
+        exist_ok=False
+    )
+
+if not args.no_card:
+    if args.embedding:
+        template_path = "scripts/embedding/modelcard.template"
+    else:
+        template_path = "scripts/causal/modelcard.template"
+
+    print("Template path: ", template_path)
+
+    model_card_content = load_template_and_substitute(
+        template_path,
+        model_name=args.model_name,
+        namespace=args.namespace,
+        base_model=args.org_base_model,
+    )
+
+    if args.dry_run:
+        print("\nTemplate Content:\n")
+        print(model_card_content)
+    else:
+        if model_card_content:
+            api.upload_file(
+                path_or_fileobj=model_card_content.encode('utf-8'),
+                path_in_repo="README.md",
+                repo_id=repo_id
+            )
+            print("Model card created successfully.")
+        else:
+            print("Failed to create model card.")
+
+if not args.dry_run and repo_url:
+    print(f"Repository created: {repo_url}")
+
+

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/hf-upload-gguf-model.py

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+from huggingface_hub import HfApi
+import argparse
+import os
+
+def upload_gguf_file(local_file_path, repo_id, filename_in_repo=None):
+    """
+    Upload a GGUF file to a Hugging Face model repository
+
+    Args:
+        local_file_path: Path to your local GGUF file
+        repo_id: Your repository ID (e.g., "username/model-name")
+        filename_in_repo: Optional custom name for the file in the repo
+    """
+
+    if not os.path.exists(local_file_path):
+        print(f"❌ File not found: {local_file_path}")
+        return False
+
+    if filename_in_repo is None:
+        filename_in_repo = os.path.basename(local_file_path)
+
+    if filename_in_repo is None or filename_in_repo == "":
+        filename_in_repo = os.path.basename(local_file_path)
+
+    print(f"📤 Uploading {local_file_path} to {repo_id}/{filename_in_repo}")
+
+    api = HfApi()
+
+    try:
+        api.upload_file(
+            path_or_fileobj=local_file_path,
+            path_in_repo=filename_in_repo,
+            repo_id=repo_id,
+            repo_type="model",
+            commit_message=f"Upload {filename_in_repo}"
+        )
+
+        print("✅ Upload successful!")
+        print(f"🔗 File available at: https://huggingface.co/{repo_id}/blob/main/{filename_in_repo}")
+        return True
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"❌ Upload failed: {e}")
+        return False
+
+# This script requires that the environment variable HF_TOKEN is set with your
+# Hugging Face API token.
+api = HfApi()
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Upload a GGUF model to a Huggingface model repository')
+parser.add_argument('--gguf-model-path', '-m', help='The GGUF model file to upload', required=True)
+parser.add_argument('--repo-id', '-r', help='The repository to upload to', required=True)
+parser.add_argument('--name', '-o', help='The name in the model repository', required=False)
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+upload_gguf_file(args.gguf_model_path, args.repo_id, args.name)

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/inspect-converted-model.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# First try command line argument, then environment variable, then file
+CONVERTED_MODEL="${1:-"$CONVERTED_MODEL"}"
+
+# Final check if we have a model path
+if [ -z "$CONVERTED_MODEL" ]; then
+    echo "Error: Model path must be provided either as:" >&2
+    echo "  1. Command line argument" >&2
+    echo "  2. CONVERTED_MODEL environment variable" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+../../gguf-py/gguf/scripts/gguf_dump.py $CONVERTED_MODEL

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/inspect-org-model.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import argparse
+import os
+import json
+from safetensors import safe_open
+from collections import defaultdict
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Process model with specified path')
+parser.add_argument('--model-path', '-m', help='Path to the model')
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+model_path = os.environ.get('MODEL_PATH', args.model_path)
+if model_path is None:
+    parser.error("Model path must be specified either via --model-path argument or MODEL_PATH environment variable")
+
+# Check if there's an index file (multi-file model)
+index_path = os.path.join(model_path, "model.safetensors.index.json")
+single_file_path = os.path.join(model_path, "model.safetensors")
+
+if os.path.exists(index_path):
+    # Multi-file model
+    print("Multi-file model detected")
+
+    with open(index_path, 'r') as f:
+        index_data = json.load(f)
+
+    # Get the weight map (tensor_name -> file_name)
+    weight_map = index_data.get("weight_map", {})
+
+    # Group tensors by file for efficient processing
+    file_tensors = defaultdict(list)
+    for tensor_name, file_name in weight_map.items():
+        file_tensors[file_name].append(tensor_name)
+
+    print("Tensors in model:")
+
+    # Process each shard file
+    for file_name, tensor_names in file_tensors.items():
+        file_path = os.path.join(model_path, file_name)
+        print(f"\n--- From {file_name} ---")
+
+        with safe_open(file_path, framework="pt") as f:
+            for tensor_name in sorted(tensor_names):
+                tensor = f.get_tensor(tensor_name)
+                print(f"- {tensor_name} : shape = {tensor.shape}, dtype = {tensor.dtype}")
+
+elif os.path.exists(single_file_path):
+    # Single file model (original behavior)
+    print("Single-file model detected")
+
+    with safe_open(single_file_path, framework="pt") as f:
+        keys = f.keys()
+        print("Tensors in model:")
+        for key in sorted(keys):
+            tensor = f.get_tensor(key)
+            print(f"- {key} : shape = {tensor.shape}, dtype = {tensor.dtype}")
+
+else:
+    print(f"Error: Neither 'model.safetensors.index.json' nor 'model.safetensors' found in {model_path}")
+    print("Available files:")
+    if os.path.exists(model_path):
+        for item in sorted(os.listdir(model_path)):
+            print(f"  {item}")
+    else:
+        print(f"  Directory {model_path} does not exist")
+    exit(1)

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/perplexity-gen.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+CONVERTED_MODEL="${1:-"$CONVERTED_MODEL"}"
+
+# Final check if we have a model path
+if [ -z "$CONVERTED_MODEL" ]; then
+    echo "Error: Model path must be provided either as:" >&2
+    echo "  1. Command line argument" >&2
+    echo "  2. CONVERTED_MODEL environment variable" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Check if data/wikitext-2-raw directory exists
+if [ ! -d "ppl/wikitext-2-raw" ]; then
+    echo "ppl/wikitext-2-raw directory does not exist. Downloading..." >&2
+    mkdir -p ppl
+    pushd ppl
+    ./../../../scripts/get-wikitext-2.sh
+    popd
+fi
+
+mkdir -p ppl
+OUTPUTFILE="ppl/$(basename $CONVERTED_MODEL).kld"
+echo "Model: $CONVERTED_MODEL"
+
+cmake --build ../../build --target llama-perplexity -j8
+
+../.././build/bin/llama-perplexity -m $CONVERTED_MODEL \
+    -f ppl/wikitext-2-raw/wiki.test.raw \
+    --kl-divergence-base $OUTPUTFILE
+
+echo "Generated logits in $OUTPUTFILE"
+

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/perplexity-run-simple.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+QUANTIZED_MODEL="${1:-"$QUANTIZED_MODEL"}"
+
+if [ -z "$QUANTIZED_MODEL" ]; then
+    echo "Error: Model path must be provided either as:" >&2
+    echo "  1. Command line argument" >&2
+    echo "  2. QUANTIZED_MODEL environment variable" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Check if data/wikitext-2-raw directory exists
+if [ ! -d "ppl/wikitext-2-raw" ]; then
+    echo "ppl/wikitext-2-raw directory does not exist. Downloading..." >&2
+    mkdir -p ppl
+    pushd ppl
+    ./../../../scripts/get-wikitext-2.sh
+    popd
+fi
+
+cmake --build ../../build --target llama-perplexity -j8
+
+../.././build/bin/llama-perplexity -m $QUANTIZED_MODEL -f ppl/wikitext-2-raw/wiki.test.raw
+
+

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/perplexity-run.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+QUANTIZED_MODEL="${1:-"$QUANTIZED_MODEL"}"
+LOGITS_FILE="${1:-"$LOGITS_FILE"}"
+
+if [ -z "$QUANTIZED_MODEL" ]; then
+    echo "Error: Model path must be provided either as:" >&2
+    echo "  1. Command line argument" >&2
+    echo "  2. QUANTIZED_MODEL environment variable" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ ! -f ${LOGITS_FILE} ]; then
+    echo "Error: logits file '${LOGITS_FILE} was not found"
+    echo "Did you run the perplexity-gen.sh script?"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+echo "Model: $QUANTIZED_MODEL"
+echo "Data file: $LOGITS_FILE"
+
+cmake --build ../../build --target llama-perplexity -j8
+
+../.././build/bin/llama-perplexity -m $QUANTIZED_MODEL \
+    --kl-divergence-base $LOGITS_FILE \
+    --kl-divergence

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/quantize.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+CONVERTED_MODEL="${1:-"$CONVERTED_MODEL"}"
+QUANTIZED_TYPE="${2:-"$QUANTIZED_TYPE"}"
+TOKEN_EMBD_TYPE="${3:-"${TOKEN_EMBD_TYPE}"}"
+OUTPUT_TYPE="${4:-"${OUTPUT_TYPE}"}"
+QUANTIZED_MODEL=$CONVERTED_MODEL
+
+# Final check if we have a model path
+if [ -z "$CONVERTED_MODEL" ]; then
+    echo "Error: Model path must be provided either as:" >&2
+    echo "  1. Command line argument" >&2
+    echo "  2. CONVERTED_MODEL environment variable" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$QUANTIZED_TYPE" ]; then
+    echo "Error: QUANTIZED_TYPE is required" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+echo $CONVERTED_MODEL
+
+# Process the quantized model filename
+if [[ "$QUANTIZED_MODEL" == *.gguf ]]; then
+    # Remove .gguf suffix, add quantized type, then add .gguf back
+    BASE_NAME="${QUANTIZED_MODEL%.gguf}"
+    QUANTIZED_MODEL="${BASE_NAME}-${QUANTIZED_TYPE}.gguf"
+else
+    echo "Error: QUANTIZED_MODEL must end with .gguf extension" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+cmake --build ../../build --target llama-quantize -j8
+
+echo $TOKEN_EMBD_TYPE
+echo $OUTPUT_TYPE
+
+CMD_ARGS=("../../build/bin/llama-quantize")
+[[ -n "$TOKEN_EMBD_TYPE" ]] && CMD_ARGS+=("--token-embedding-type" "$TOKEN_EMBD_TYPE")
+[[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPE" ]]     && CMD_ARGS+=("--output-tensor-type" "$OUTPUT_TYPE")
+CMD_ARGS+=("$CONVERTED_MODEL" "$QUANTIZED_MODEL" "$QUANTIZED_TYPE")
+
+"${CMD_ARGS[@]}"
+
+echo "Quantized model saved to: $QUANTIZED_MODEL"

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/run-embedding-server.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+#
+# First try command line argument, then environment variable, then file
+CONVERTED_MODEL="${1:-"$CONVERTED_MODEL"}"
+
+# Final check if we have a model path
+if [ -z "$CONVERTED_MODEL" ]; then
+    echo "Error: Model path must be provided either as:" >&2
+    echo "  1. Command line argument" >&2
+    echo "  2. CONVERTED_MODEL environment variable" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+echo $CONVERTED_MODEL
+
+cmake --build ../../build --target llama-server
+
+../../build/bin/llama-server -m $CONVERTED_MODEL \
+    --embedding \
+    --pooling none

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/semantic_check.py

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import numpy as np
+import argparse
+import os
+import importlib
+
+from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoConfig, AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoModel
+
+unreleased_model_name = os.getenv('UNRELEASED_MODEL_NAME')
+
+def cosine_similarity(a, b=None):
+    a = np.asarray(a)
+    if b is None:
+        b = a
+    else:
+        b = np.asarray(b)
+
+    if a.ndim == 1:
+        a = a.reshape(1, -1)
+    if b.ndim == 1:
+        b = b.reshape(1, -1)
+
+    a_norms = np.linalg.norm(a, axis=1, keepdims=True)
+    b_norms = np.linalg.norm(b, axis=1, keepdims=True)
+
+    a_norms = np.where(a_norms == 0, 1e-8, a_norms)
+    b_norms = np.where(b_norms == 0, 1e-8, b_norms)
+
+    a_normalized = a / a_norms
+    b_normalized = b / b_norms
+
+    # Compute cosine similarity
+    return np.dot(a_normalized, b_normalized.T)
+
+def load_embeddings_from_file(filename, n_tokens, n_embd):
+    embeddings = np.fromfile(filename, dtype=np.float32)
+    return embeddings.reshape(n_tokens, n_embd)
+
+def test_single_prompt_similarity(python_emb, cpp_emb, tokens, prompt):
+    np.set_printoptions(suppress=True, precision=6)
+    print("pytorch embeddings:");
+    print(python_emb)
+    print("llama.cpp embeddings:");
+    print(cpp_emb)
+    print(f"\n=== Prompt: '{prompt}' ===")
+    print(f"Tokens: {tokens}")
+    print(f"Embeddings shape: Python {python_emb.shape}, llama.cpp {cpp_emb.shape}")
+
+    n_tokens = len(tokens)
+
+    # 1. Direct embedding comparison
+    print(f"\n1. Raw Embedding Magnitude Comparison:")
+    # Check if the distance of each token embedding from the origin and compare
+    # if the vectors are on the same "sphere". This does not tell us about
+    # direction (meaning of the token embedding), just magnitude.
+    for i in range(n_tokens):
+        py_mag = np.linalg.norm(python_emb[i]) # calculate standard euclidean norm for Python embeddings
+        cpp_mag = np.linalg.norm(cpp_emb[i])   # calculate standard euclidean norm for llama.cpp embeddings
+        ratio = py_mag / cpp_mag if cpp_mag > 0 else float('inf')
+        print(f"   Token {i} ({tokens[i]}): Python={py_mag:.3f}, llama.cpp={cpp_mag:.3f}, ratio={ratio:.3f}")
+
+    # 2. Cosine similarity between tokens within each model
+    # Here we check the direction of token embeddings to see if the have the
+    # same meaning (similarity). This is done by calculating cosine similarity
+    # of a pair of token embeddings within each model.
+    print(f"\n2. Within-Model Token Similarities:")
+    print("   Python model:")
+    for i in range(n_tokens):
+        for j in range(i+1, n_tokens):
+            sim = cosine_similarity([python_emb[i]], [python_emb[j]])[0][0]
+            print(f"     {tokens[i]} ↔ {tokens[j]}: {sim:.4f}")
+
+    print("   llama.cpp model:")
+    for i in range(n_tokens):
+        for j in range(i+1, n_tokens):
+            sim = cosine_similarity([cpp_emb[i]], [cpp_emb[j]])[0][0]
+            print(f"     {tokens[i]} ↔ {tokens[j]}: {sim:.4f}")
+
+    # 3. Cross-model similarity (same token position)
+    print(f"\n3. Cross-Model Same-Token Similarities:")
+    for i in range(n_tokens):
+        sim = cosine_similarity([python_emb[i]], [cpp_emb[i]])[0][0]
+        print(f"   Token {i} ({tokens[i]}): {sim:.4f}")
+
+    # 4. Similarity matrix comparison
+    print(f"\n4. Similarity Matrix Differences:")
+    py_sim_matrix = cosine_similarity(python_emb)
+    cpp_sim_matrix = cosine_similarity(cpp_emb)
+    diff_matrix = np.abs(py_sim_matrix - cpp_sim_matrix)
+
+    print(f"   Max difference: {np.max(diff_matrix):.4f}")
+    print(f"   Mean difference: {np.mean(diff_matrix):.4f}")
+    print(f"   RMS difference: {np.sqrt(np.mean(diff_matrix**2)):.4f}")
+
+    return {
+        'cross_model_similarities': [cosine_similarity([python_emb[i]], [cpp_emb[i]])[0][0] for i in range(n_tokens)],
+        'similarity_matrix_diff': diff_matrix,
+        'max_diff': np.max(diff_matrix),
+        'mean_diff': np.mean(diff_matrix),
+        'rms_diff': np.sqrt(np.mean(diff_matrix**2))
+    }
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Test semantic similarity between Python and llama.cpp embeddings')
+    parser.add_argument('--model-path', '-m', required=True, help='Path to the original Python model')
+    parser.add_argument('--python-embeddings', '-pe', help='Path to pytorch embeddings "logits" binary file')
+    parser.add_argument('--cpp-embeddings', '-ce', help='Path to llama.cpp embeddings "logits" binary file')
+    parser.add_argument('--causal', '-c', default=False, help='if the model is causal (default: false)', action='store_true')
+    parser.add_argument('--prompt', '-p', default='Hello world today', help='Test prompt')
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    print("Semantic Similarity Test Between Python and llama.cpp Embedding Models")
+    print("=" * 70)
+
+    # Single prompt detailed comparison
+    print(f"\nTesting with prompt: '{args.prompt}'")
+
+    # Load the python model to get configuration information and also to load the tokenizer.
+    print("Loading model and tokenizer using AutoTokenizer:", args.model_path)
+    tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(args.model_path)
+    config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(args.model_path)
+
+    if unreleased_model_name:
+        model_name_lower = unreleased_model_name.lower()
+        unreleased_module_path = f"transformers.models.{model_name_lower}.modular_{model_name_lower}"
+        if args.causal:
+            class_name = f"{unreleased_model_name}ForCausalLM"
+        else:
+            class_name = f"{unreleased_model_name}Model"
+        print(f"Model class: {class_name}")
+        print(f"Importing unreleased model module: {unreleased_module_path}")
+
+        try:
+            model_class = getattr(importlib.import_module(unreleased_module_path), class_name)
+            model = model_class.from_pretrained(args.model_path)
+        except (ImportError, AttributeError) as e:
+            print(f"Failed to import or load model: {e}")
+            exit(1)
+    else:
+        if args.causal:
+            model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(args.model_path)
+        else:
+            model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(args.model_path)
+
+    encoded = tokenizer(args.prompt, return_tensors="pt")
+    tokens = tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(encoded['input_ids'][0])
+    n_tokens = len(tokens)
+    print(f"n_tokens: {n_tokens}");
+    print(f"hidden_size: {model.config.hidden_size}")
+
+    # Load binary embeddings from data directory.
+    llamacpp_embeddings = load_embeddings_from_file(args.cpp_embeddings, n_tokens, model.config.hidden_size)
+    python_embeddings = load_embeddings_from_file(args.python_embeddings, n_tokens, model.config.hidden_size)
+
+    # Run comparison
+    results = test_single_prompt_similarity(python_embeddings, llamacpp_embeddings, tokens, args.prompt)
+
+    # Summary
+    print(f"\n=== SUMMARY ===")
+    avg_cross_sim = np.mean(results['cross_model_similarities'])
+    print(f"Average cross-model similarity: {avg_cross_sim:.4f}")
+    print(f"Similarity matrix RMS difference: {results['rms_diff']:.4f}")
+
+    # Quality assessment
+    if avg_cross_sim > 0.95:
+        print("✅ EXCELLENT: Models are highly similar")
+    elif avg_cross_sim > 0.90:
+        print("✅ VERY GOOD: Models are very similar")
+    elif avg_cross_sim > 0.80:
+        print("⚠️  GOOD: Models are reasonably similar")
+    elif avg_cross_sim > 0.70:
+        print("⚠️  FAIR: Models have some differences")
+    else:
+        print("❌ POOR: Models are significantly different")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

examples/passkey/README.md

@@ -11,5 +11,5 @@ See the following PRs for more info:
 ### Usage
 
 ```bash
-make -j && ./llama-passkey -m ./models/llama-7b-v2/ggml-model-f16.gguf --junk 250
+llama-passkey -m ./models/llama-7b-v2/ggml-model-f16.gguf --junk 250
 ```

examples/retrieval/README.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/6193
 `retrieval` example can be tested as follows:
 
 ```bash
-make -j && ./llama-retrieval --model ./models/bge-base-en-v1.5-f16.gguf --top-k 3 --context-file README.md --context-file License --chunk-size 100 --chunk-separator .
+llama-retrieval --model ./models/bge-base-en-v1.5-f16.gguf --top-k 3 --context-file README.md --context-file License --chunk-size 100 --chunk-separator .
 ```
 
 This chunks and embeds all given files and starts a loop requesting query inputs:

examples/speculative/speculative.cpp

@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
                     // stochastic verification
                     common_sampler_sample(smpl, ctx_tgt, drafts[s_keep].i_batch_tgt[i_dft], true);
 
-                    auto & dist_tgt = *common_sampler_get_candidates(smpl);
+                    auto & dist_tgt = *common_sampler_get_candidates(smpl, true);
 
                     float p_tgt = 0.0f;
                     float p_dft = 0.0f;
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 
                 common_sampler_sample(drafts[s].smpl, ctx_dft, drafts[s].i_batch_dft, true);
 
-                const auto * cur_p = common_sampler_get_candidates(drafts[s].smpl);
+                const auto * cur_p = common_sampler_get_candidates(drafts[s].smpl, true);
 
                 for (int k = 0; k < std::min(n_seq_dft + 3, (int) cur_p->size); ++k) {
                     LOG_DBG(" - draft candidate %3d for seq %3d, pos %3d: %6d (%8.3f) '%s'\n",

examples/sycl/win-build-sycl.bat

@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@ if %errorlevel% neq 0 goto ERROR
 ::  for FP32
 cmake -G "Ninja" .. -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF -DGGML_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=cl -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icx -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
 if %errorlevel% neq 0 goto ERROR
-::  build example/main only
-::  make main
 
 ::  build all binary
 cmake --build . -j

ggml/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14) # for add_link_options and implicit target directories.
-project("ggml" C CXX)
+project("ggml" C CXX ASM)
 include(CheckIncludeFileCXX)
 
 set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON)
@@ -158,7 +158,6 @@ option(GGML_CUDA                            "ggml: use CUDA"
 option(GGML_MUSA                            "ggml: use MUSA"                                  OFF)
 option(GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ                  "ggml: use mmq kernels instead of cuBLAS"         OFF)
 option(GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS               "ggml: always use cuBLAS instead of mmq kernels"  OFF)
-option(GGML_CUDA_F16                        "ggml: use 16 bit floats for some calculations"   OFF)
 set   (GGML_CUDA_PEER_MAX_BATCH_SIZE "128" CACHE STRING
                                             "ggml: max. batch size for using peer access")
 option(GGML_CUDA_NO_PEER_COPY               "ggml: do not use peer to peer copies"            OFF)
@@ -188,6 +187,7 @@ option(GGML_VULKAN_VALIDATE                 "ggml: enable Vulkan validation"
 option(GGML_VULKAN_RUN_TESTS                "ggml: run Vulkan tests"                          OFF)
 option(GGML_WEBGPU                          "ggml: use WebGPU"                                OFF)
 option(GGML_WEBGPU_DEBUG                    "ggml: enable WebGPU debug output"                OFF)
+option(GGML_ZDNN                            "ggml: use zDNN"                                  OFF)
 option(GGML_METAL                           "ggml: use Metal"                                 ${GGML_METAL_DEFAULT})
 option(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16                  "ggml: use bfloat if available"                   OFF)
 option(GGML_METAL_NDEBUG                    "ggml: disable Metal debugging"                   OFF)

ggml/include/ggml-backend.h

@@ -307,6 +307,9 @@ extern "C" {
     GGML_API void                 ggml_backend_sched_set_tensor_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_tensor * node, ggml_backend_t backend);
     GGML_API ggml_backend_t       ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_tensor * node);
 
+    // Split graph without allocating it
+    GGML_API void                 ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph);
+
     // Allocate and compute graph on the backend scheduler
     GGML_API bool                 ggml_backend_sched_alloc_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph); // returns success
     GGML_API enum ggml_status     ggml_backend_sched_graph_compute(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph);

ggml/include/ggml-zdnn.h

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "ggml-backend.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_zdnn_init(void);
+
+GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_zdnn_reg(void);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

ggml/include/ggml.h

@@ -244,6 +244,13 @@
 #define GGML_MROPE_SECTIONS   4
 
 #define GGML_UNUSED(x) (void)(x)
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+template<typename... Args>
+__host__ __device__ constexpr inline void ggml_unused_vars_impl(Args&&...) noexcept {}
+#define GGML_UNUSED_VARS(...) ggml_unused_vars_impl(__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define GGML_UNUSED_VARS(...) do { (void)sizeof((__VA_ARGS__, 0)); } while(0)
+#endif // __CUDACC__
 
 #define GGML_PAD(x, n) (((x) + (n) - 1) & ~((n) - 1))
 
@@ -505,6 +512,7 @@ extern "C" {
         GGML_OP_IM2COL,
         GGML_OP_IM2COL_BACK,
         GGML_OP_CONV_2D,
+        GGML_OP_CONV_3D,
         GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW,
         GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D,
         GGML_OP_POOL_1D,
@@ -1933,6 +1941,23 @@ extern "C" {
             int                   d0,  // dilation dimension 0
             int                   d1); // dilation dimension 1
 
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_3d(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,   // kernel [KW, KH, KD, IC * OC]
+            struct ggml_tensor  * b,   // input  [W, H, D, C * N]
+            int                   s0,  // stride
+            int                   s1,
+            int                   s2,
+            int                   p0,  // padding
+            int                   p1,
+            int                   p2,
+            int                   d0,  // dilation
+            int                   d1,
+            int                   d2,
+            int                   n_channels,
+            int                   n_batch,
+            int                   n_channels_out);
+
     enum ggml_op_pool {
         GGML_OP_POOL_MAX,
         GGML_OP_POOL_AVG,

ggml/src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -382,6 +382,7 @@ ggml_add_backend(RPC)
 ggml_add_backend(SYCL)
 ggml_add_backend(Vulkan)
 ggml_add_backend(WebGPU)
+ggml_add_backend(zDNN)
 ggml_add_backend(OpenCL)
 
 foreach (target ggml-base ggml)

ggml/src/ggml-backend-reg.cpp

@@ -49,6 +49,10 @@
 #include "ggml-webgpu.h"
 #endif
 
+#ifdef GGML_USE_ZDNN
+#include "ggml-zdnn.h"
+#endif
+
 #ifdef GGML_USE_OPENCL
 #include "ggml-opencl.h"
 #endif
@@ -180,6 +184,9 @@ struct ggml_backend_registry {
 #ifdef GGML_USE_WEBGPU
         register_backend(ggml_backend_webgpu_reg());
 #endif
+#ifdef GGML_USE_ZDNN
+        register_backend(ggml_backend_zdnn_reg());
+#endif
 #ifdef GGML_USE_OPENCL
         register_backend(ggml_backend_opencl_reg());
 #endif

ggml/src/ggml-backend.cpp

@@ -19,9 +19,8 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <vector>
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
 #include <sys/types.h>
@@ -32,6 +31,7 @@
 // backend buffer type
 
 const char * ggml_backend_buft_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     return buft->iface.get_name(buft);
 }
 
@@ -41,14 +41,17 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_buft_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t
         return ggml_backend_buffer_init(buft, {}, NULL, 0);
     }
 
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     return buft->iface.alloc_buffer(buft, size);
 }
 
 size_t ggml_backend_buft_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     return buft->iface.get_alignment(buft);
 }
 
 size_t ggml_backend_buft_get_max_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     // get_max_size is optional, defaults to SIZE_MAX
     if (buft->iface.get_max_size) {
         return buft->iface.get_max_size(buft);
@@ -57,6 +60,7 @@ size_t ggml_backend_buft_get_max_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
 }
 
 size_t ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     // get_alloc_size is optional, defaults to ggml_nbytes
     if (buft->iface.get_alloc_size) {
         size_t size = buft->iface.get_alloc_size(buft, tensor);
@@ -67,6 +71,7 @@ size_t ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, const s
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_buft_is_host(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     if (buft->iface.is_host) {
         return buft->iface.is_host(buft);
     }
@@ -74,6 +79,7 @@ bool ggml_backend_buft_is_host(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
 }
 
 ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_buft_get_device(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     return buft->device;
 }
 
@@ -111,10 +117,12 @@ void ggml_backend_buffer_free(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
 }
 
 size_t ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     return buffer->size;
 }
 
 void * ggml_backend_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     // get_base is optional if the buffer is zero-sized
     if (buffer->size == 0) {
         return NULL;
@@ -128,6 +136,7 @@ void * ggml_backend_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
 }
 
 enum ggml_status ggml_backend_buffer_init_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     // init_tensor is optional
     if (buffer->iface.init_tensor) {
         return buffer->iface.init_tensor(buffer, tensor);
@@ -136,6 +145,7 @@ enum ggml_status ggml_backend_buffer_init_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, s
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     // clear is optional if the buffer is zero-sized
     if (buffer->size == 0) {
         return;
@@ -161,6 +171,7 @@ bool ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_buffer_set_usage(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, enum ggml_backend_buffer_usage usage) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     buffer->usage = usage;
 
     // FIXME: add a generic callback to the buffer interface
@@ -170,14 +181,17 @@ void ggml_backend_buffer_set_usage(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, enum ggml_backe
 }
 
 enum ggml_backend_buffer_usage ggml_backend_buffer_get_usage(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     return buffer->usage;
 }
 
 ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_buffer_get_type(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     return buffer->buft;
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_buffer_reset(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     if (buffer->iface.reset) {
         buffer->iface.reset(buffer);
     }
@@ -216,6 +230,7 @@ void ggml_backend_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
 }
 
 ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_get_default_buffer_type(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     return ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(backend->device);
 }
 
@@ -232,6 +247,8 @@ size_t ggml_backend_get_max_size(ggml_backend_t backend) {
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_tensor_set_async(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->data != NULL && "tensor not allocated");
     GGML_ASSERT(offset + size <= ggml_nbytes(tensor) && "tensor write out of bounds");
 
@@ -243,6 +260,8 @@ void ggml_backend_tensor_set_async(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_tensor *
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_tensor_get_async(ggml_backend_t backend, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->data != NULL && "tensor not allocated");
     GGML_ASSERT(offset + size <= ggml_nbytes(tensor) && "tensor read out of bounds");
 
@@ -284,6 +303,7 @@ void ggml_backend_tensor_get(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, siz
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_tensor_memset(struct ggml_tensor * tensor, uint8_t value, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     ggml_backend_buffer_t buf = tensor->view_src ? tensor->view_src->buffer : tensor->buffer;
 
     if (size == 0) {
@@ -299,6 +319,7 @@ void ggml_backend_tensor_memset(struct ggml_tensor * tensor, uint8_t value, size
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_synchronize(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     if (backend->iface.synchronize == NULL) {
         return;
     }
@@ -307,18 +328,21 @@ void ggml_backend_synchronize(ggml_backend_t backend) {
 }
 
 ggml_backend_graph_plan_t ggml_backend_graph_plan_create(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend->iface.graph_plan_create != NULL);
 
     return backend->iface.graph_plan_create(backend, cgraph);
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_graph_plan_free(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_graph_plan_t plan) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend->iface.graph_plan_free != NULL);
 
     backend->iface.graph_plan_free(backend, plan);
 }
 
 enum ggml_status ggml_backend_graph_plan_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_graph_plan_t plan) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend->iface.graph_plan_compute != NULL);
 
     return backend->iface.graph_plan_compute(backend, plan);
@@ -331,22 +355,27 @@ enum ggml_status ggml_backend_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_
 }
 
 enum ggml_status ggml_backend_graph_compute_async(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     return backend->iface.graph_compute(backend, cgraph);
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_supports_op(ggml_backend_t backend, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     return ggml_backend_dev_supports_op(backend->device, op);
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_supports_buft(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     return ggml_backend_dev_supports_buft(backend->device, buft);
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_offload_op(ggml_backend_t backend, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     return ggml_backend_dev_offload_op(backend->device, op);
 }
 
 ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_get_device(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     return backend->device;
 }
 
@@ -382,6 +411,7 @@ void ggml_backend_tensor_copy_async(ggml_backend_t backend_src, ggml_backend_t b
         return;
     }
 
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend_dst);
     if (backend_dst->iface.cpy_tensor_async != NULL) {
         if (backend_dst->iface.cpy_tensor_async(backend_src, backend_dst, src, dst)) {
             return;
@@ -413,18 +443,21 @@ void ggml_backend_event_free(ggml_backend_event_t event) {
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_event_record(ggml_backend_event_t event, ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend->iface.event_record != NULL);
 
     backend->iface.event_record(backend, event);
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_event_synchronize(ggml_backend_event_t event) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(event);
     GGML_ASSERT(event->device->iface.event_synchronize);
 
     event->device->iface.event_synchronize(event->device, event);
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_event_wait(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_event_t event) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend->iface.event_wait != NULL);
 
     backend->iface.event_wait(backend, event);
@@ -433,18 +466,22 @@ void ggml_backend_event_wait(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_event_t event)
 // Backend device
 
 const char * ggml_backend_dev_name(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.get_name(device);
 }
 
 const char * ggml_backend_dev_description(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.get_description(device);
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_dev_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t device, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     device->iface.get_memory(device, free, total);
 }
 
 enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_dev_type(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.get_type(device);
 }
 
@@ -454,18 +491,22 @@ void ggml_backend_dev_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t device, struct ggml_backend_d
 }
 
 ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_dev_backend_reg(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->reg;
 }
 
 ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_dev_init(ggml_backend_dev_t device, const char * params) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.init_backend(device, params);
 }
 
 ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.get_buffer_type(device);
 }
 
 ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_dev_host_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     if (device->iface.get_host_buffer_type == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -474,18 +515,22 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_dev_host_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t
 }
 
 ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_dev_buffer_from_host_ptr(ggml_backend_dev_t device, void * ptr, size_t size, size_t max_tensor_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.buffer_from_host_ptr(device, ptr, size, max_tensor_size);
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_dev_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t device, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.supports_op(device, op);
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_dev_supports_buft(ggml_backend_dev_t device, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.supports_buft(device, buft);
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_dev_offload_op(ggml_backend_dev_t device, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     if (device->iface.offload_op != NULL) {
         return device->iface.offload_op(device, op);
     }
@@ -496,18 +541,22 @@ bool ggml_backend_dev_offload_op(ggml_backend_dev_t device, const struct ggml_te
 // Backend (reg)
 
 const char * ggml_backend_reg_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(reg);
     return reg->iface.get_name(reg);
 }
 
 size_t ggml_backend_reg_dev_count(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(reg);
     return reg->iface.get_device_count(reg);
 }
 
 ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, size_t index) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(reg);
     return reg->iface.get_device(reg, index);
 }
 
 void * ggml_backend_reg_get_proc_address(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, const char * name) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(reg);
     if (!reg->iface.get_proc_address) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -522,6 +571,7 @@ struct ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context {
 };
 
 static void ggml_backend_multi_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx->n_buffers; i++) {
         ggml_backend_buffer_free(ctx->buffers[i]);
@@ -532,6 +582,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_multi_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer)
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_multi_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx->n_buffers; i++) {
         ggml_backend_buffer_clear(ctx->buffers[i], value);
@@ -567,10 +618,12 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_multi_buffer_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_buffer_is_multi_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     return buffer->iface.free_buffer == ggml_backend_multi_buffer_free_buffer;
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_multi_buffer_set_usage(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, enum ggml_backend_buffer_usage usage) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_multi_buffer(buffer));
     ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx->n_buffers; i++) {
@@ -849,7 +902,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_sched_set_if_supported(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, stru
 }
 
 // assigns backends to ops and splits the graph into subgraphs that can be computed on the same backend
-static void ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph) {
+void ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph) {
     // reset splits
     sched->n_splits = 0;
     sched->n_graph_inputs = 0;
@@ -1350,17 +1403,22 @@ static bool ggml_backend_sched_alloc_splits(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
 }
 
 static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_sched_compute_splits(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     struct ggml_backend_sched_split * splits = sched->splits;
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < sched->n_splits; i++) {
-        struct ggml_backend_sched_split * split = &splits[i];
+    ggml_tensor * prev_ids_tensor = nullptr;
+    std::vector<int32_t> ids;
+    std::vector<ggml_bitset_t> used_ids;
+
+    for (int split_id = 0; split_id < sched->n_splits; split_id++) {
+        struct ggml_backend_sched_split * split = &splits[split_id];
         int split_backend_id = split->backend_id;
         ggml_backend_t split_backend = sched->backends[split_backend_id];
 
         // copy the input tensors to the split backend
-        for (int j = 0; j < split->n_inputs; j++) {
-            ggml_backend_t input_backend = ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(sched, split->inputs[j]);
-            struct ggml_tensor * input = split->inputs[j];
+        for (int input_id = 0; input_id < split->n_inputs; input_id++) {
+            ggml_backend_t input_backend = ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(sched, split->inputs[input_id]);
+            struct ggml_tensor * input = split->inputs[input_id];
             struct ggml_tensor * input_cpy = tensor_copy(input, split_backend_id, sched->cur_copy);
 
             if (input->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_INPUT) {
@@ -1378,6 +1436,93 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_sched_compute_splits(ggml_backend_sched_t s
                 } else {
                     ggml_backend_synchronize(split_backend);
                 }
+
+                // when offloading MoE weights, we can reduce the amount of data copied by copying only the experts that are used
+                ggml_tensor * node = split->graph.nodes[0];
+                if (split->graph.n_nodes > 0 &&
+                    ggml_backend_buffer_get_usage(input->buffer) == GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_WEIGHTS &&
+                    ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(input->buffer) && (
+                    (node->src[0] == input_cpy && node->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID)
+                    //|| (node->src[1] == input_cpy && node->op == GGML_OP_ADD_ID) /* GGML_OP_ADD_ID weights are small and not worth splitting */
+                    )) {
+
+                    const int64_t n_expert   = node->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID ? input->ne[2] : input->ne[1];
+                    const size_t expert_size = node->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID ? input->nb[2] : input->nb[1];
+
+                    ggml_backend_synchronize(input_backend);
+
+                    // get the ids
+                    ggml_tensor * ids_tensor = node->src[2];
+                    ggml_backend_t ids_backend = split_backend;
+
+                    // if the ids tensor is also an input of the split, it may not have been copied yet to the split backend
+                    // in that case, we use the original ids tensor
+                    for (int i = input_id + 1; i < split->n_inputs; i++) {
+                        if (ids_tensor == tensor_copy(split->inputs[i], split_backend_id, sched->cur_copy)) {
+                            ids_tensor = split->inputs[i];
+                            ids_backend = ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(sched, split->inputs[i]);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (ids_tensor != prev_ids_tensor) {
+                        ids.resize(ggml_nbytes(ids_tensor) / sizeof(int32_t));
+                        ggml_backend_tensor_get_async(ids_backend, ids_tensor, ids.data(), 0, ggml_nbytes(ids_tensor));
+                        ggml_backend_synchronize(ids_backend);
+
+                        // find the used experts
+                        used_ids.clear();
+                        used_ids.resize(ggml_bitset_size(n_expert));
+                        for (int64_t i1 = 0; i1 < ids_tensor->ne[1]; i1++) {
+                            for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < ids_tensor->ne[0]; i0++) {
+                                int32_t id = ids[i1 * ids_tensor->nb[1]/sizeof(int32_t) + i0 * ids_tensor->nb[0]/sizeof(int32_t)];
+                                GGML_ASSERT(id >= 0 && id < n_expert);
+                                ggml_bitset_set(used_ids.data(), id);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        prev_ids_tensor = ids_tensor;
+                    }
+
+                    // group consecutive experts and copy them together
+                    auto copy_experts = [&](int32_t first_id, int32_t last_id) {
+                        const size_t expert_offset = first_id * expert_size;
+                        const size_t expert_size_copy =  (last_id - first_id + 1) * expert_size;
+                        const size_t padding = std::min<size_t>(expert_size, 512);
+                        const size_t padding_end = last_id < n_expert - 1 ? padding : 0;
+
+                        ggml_backend_tensor_set_async(split_backend,
+                            input_cpy,
+                            (const uint8_t *)input->data + expert_offset, expert_offset,
+                            // copy a bit extra at the to ensure there are no NaNs in the padding of the last expert
+                            // this is necessary for MMQ in the CUDA backend
+                            expert_size_copy + padding_end);
+                    };
+
+                    int id = 0;
+                    while (!ggml_bitset_get(used_ids.data(), id)) {
+                        id++;
+                    }
+                    int32_t first_id = id;
+                    int32_t last_id = first_id;
+
+                    for (++id; id < n_expert; ++id) {
+                        if (!ggml_bitset_get(used_ids.data(), id)) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        if (id == last_id + 1) {
+                            last_id = id;
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        copy_experts(first_id, last_id);
+
+                        first_id = id;
+                        last_id = id;
+                    }
+                    copy_experts(first_id, last_id);
+                } else {
                     // try async copy, but if not possible, we can still use a sync copy without synchronizing the dst backend, since we handle the synchronization here with multiple copies and events
                     // TODO: add public function to facilitate this, since applications do not have direct access to the backend interface
                     if (!split_backend->iface.cpy_tensor_async || !split_backend->iface.cpy_tensor_async(input_backend, split_backend, input, input_cpy)) {
@@ -1391,6 +1536,7 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_sched_compute_splits(ggml_backend_sched_t s
                     }
                 }
             }
+        }
 
         if (!sched->callback_eval) {
             enum ggml_status ec = ggml_backend_graph_compute_async(split_backend, &split->graph);
@@ -1526,6 +1672,7 @@ void ggml_backend_sched_free(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_sched_reset(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     // reset state for the next run
     if (!sched->is_reset) {
         ggml_hash_set_reset(&sched->hash_set);
@@ -1537,8 +1684,11 @@ void ggml_backend_sched_reset(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_sched_reserve(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * measure_graph) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     GGML_ASSERT((int)sched->hash_set.size >= measure_graph->n_nodes + measure_graph->n_leafs);
 
+    ggml_backend_sched_reset(sched);
+
     ggml_backend_sched_synchronize(sched);
 
     ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(sched, measure_graph);
@@ -1553,6 +1703,7 @@ bool ggml_backend_sched_reserve(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph *
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_sched_alloc_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     GGML_ASSERT((int)sched->hash_set.size >= graph->n_nodes + graph->n_leafs);
     GGML_ASSERT(!sched->is_alloc);
 
@@ -1577,6 +1728,7 @@ enum ggml_status ggml_backend_sched_graph_compute(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, st
 }
 
 enum ggml_status ggml_backend_sched_graph_compute_async(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     if (!sched->is_reset && !sched->is_alloc) {
         ggml_backend_sched_reset(sched);
     }
@@ -1591,6 +1743,7 @@ enum ggml_status ggml_backend_sched_graph_compute_async(ggml_backend_sched_t sch
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_sched_synchronize(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     for (int i = 0; i < sched->n_backends; i++) {
         ggml_backend_synchronize(sched->backends[i]);
     }
@@ -1603,28 +1756,34 @@ void ggml_backend_sched_synchronize(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_sched_set_eval_callback(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, ggml_backend_sched_eval_callback callback, void * user_data) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     sched->callback_eval = callback;
     sched->callback_eval_user_data = user_data;
 }
 
 int ggml_backend_sched_get_n_splits(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     return sched->n_splits;
 }
 
 int ggml_backend_sched_get_n_copies(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     return sched->n_copies;
 }
 
 int ggml_backend_sched_get_n_backends(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     return sched->n_backends;
 }
 
 ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_sched_get_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, int i) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     GGML_ASSERT(i >= 0 && i < sched->n_backends);
     return sched->backends[i];
 }
 
 size_t ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_size(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     int backend_index = ggml_backend_sched_backend_id(sched, backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend_index >= 0 && backend_index < sched->n_backends);
 
@@ -1632,6 +1791,7 @@ size_t ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_size(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, ggml_backe
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_sched_set_tensor_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_tensor * node, ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     int backend_index = ggml_backend_sched_backend_id(sched, backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend_index >= 0 && backend_index < sched->n_backends);
     tensor_backend_id(node) = backend_index;
@@ -1640,6 +1800,7 @@ void ggml_backend_sched_set_tensor_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct gg
 }
 
 ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_tensor * node) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     int backend_index = tensor_backend_id(node);
     if (backend_index == -1) {
         return NULL;
@@ -1650,6 +1811,7 @@ ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched,
 // utils
 
 enum ggml_status ggml_backend_view_init(struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->buffer == NULL);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->view_src != NULL);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->view_src->buffer != NULL);
@@ -1661,6 +1823,7 @@ enum ggml_status ggml_backend_view_init(struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
 }
 
 enum ggml_status ggml_backend_tensor_alloc(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * addr) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->buffer == NULL);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->data == NULL);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->view_src == NULL);
@@ -1734,6 +1897,7 @@ static void graph_copy_init_tensor(struct ggml_hash_set * hash_set, struct ggml_
 }
 
 struct ggml_backend_graph_copy ggml_backend_graph_copy(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_cgraph * graph) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(graph);
     struct ggml_hash_set hash_set = ggml_hash_set_new(graph->visited_hash_set.size);
     struct ggml_tensor ** node_copies = (ggml_tensor **) calloc(hash_set.size, sizeof(node_copies[0])); // NOLINT
     bool * node_init = (bool *) calloc(hash_set.size, sizeof(node_init[0]));
@@ -1878,6 +2042,7 @@ bool ggml_backend_compare_graph_backend(ggml_backend_t backend1, ggml_backend_t
 // CPU backend - buffer
 
 static void * ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     uintptr_t data = (uintptr_t)buffer->context;
 
     // align the buffer
@@ -1889,28 +2054,33 @@ static void * ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     ggml_aligned_free(buffer->context, buffer->size);
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_memset_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, uint8_t value, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     memset((char *)tensor->data + offset, value, size);
 
     GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     memcpy((char *)tensor->data + offset, data, size);
 
     GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_get_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     memcpy(data, (const char *)tensor->data + offset, size);
 
     GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
 }
 
 static bool ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const struct ggml_tensor * src, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src);
     if (ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(src->buffer)) {
         memcpy(dst->data, src->data, ggml_nbytes(src));
         return true;
@@ -1921,6 +2091,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, con
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     memset(buffer->context, value, buffer->size);
 }
 

ggml/src/ggml-cann/aclnn_ops.cpp

@@ -867,6 +867,86 @@ static aclTensor* aclnn_values(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, void* buffer,
     return acl_tensor;
 }
 
+/**
+ * @brief Fills a tensor with a scalar value.
+ *
+ * This function fills the destination tensor `acl_dst` with the scalar value
+ * `scalar`.
+ *
+ * @param ctx The context for the CANN backend operations.
+ * @param scalar The scalar value used to fill the tensor.
+ * @param acl_dst The destination tensor to be filled with the scalar value.
+ */
+static void aclnn_fill_scalar(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, float scalar,
+                              aclTensor* acl_dst) {
+    auto acl_scalar = aclCreateScalar(&scalar, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
+    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceFillScalar, acl_dst, acl_scalar);
+    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_scalar);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Get or expand a cached float32 tensor filled with a scalar value.
+ *
+ * This function manages cached device memory for float32 tensors. If the current
+ * cache size is insufficient for the requested tensor shape, the old memory will
+ * be released and new memory will be allocated. The allocated buffer is then
+ * initialized either with zeros (when @p value == 0.0f) or with the given scalar
+ * value using CANN operations. Finally, an aclTensor object is created from the
+ * cached memory and returned.
+ *
+ * @param ctx           The CANN backend context that manages device memory.
+ * @param buffer        A pointer to the cached device buffer (will be allocated
+ *                      or reallocated if necessary).
+ * @param cache_element The current number of cached elements. This will be
+ *                      updated when the cache is expanded.
+ * @param ne            The tensor shape array (number of elements in each dimension).
+ * @param nb            The stride size for each dimension.
+ * @param dims          The number of tensor dimensions.
+ * @param value         The scalar value used to fill the tensor (supports zero
+ *                      initialization via memset or arbitrary values via fill_scalar).
+ * @return              An aclTensor pointer created from the cached buffer.
+ */
+static aclTensor* get_f32_cache_acl_tensor(
+    ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
+    void** buffer,
+    int64_t &cache_element,
+    int64_t* ne,
+    size_t* nb,
+    int64_t dims,
+    float value) {
+    // Calculate total number of elements
+    int64_t n_element = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < dims; i++) {
+        n_element *= ne[i];
+    }
+    size_t size = n_element * sizeof(float);
+
+    // Allocate or expand cache if needed
+    if (cache_element < n_element) {
+        if (*buffer != nullptr) {
+            aclrtFree(*buffer);
+            *buffer = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMalloc(buffer, size, ACL_MEM_MALLOC_HUGE_FIRST));
+        cache_element = n_element;
+
+        // Initialize cache
+        if (value == 0.0f) {
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemsetAsync(*buffer, size, 0, size, ctx.stream()));
+        } else {
+            int64_t pool_ne[1] = { n_element };
+            size_t pool_nb[1] = { sizeof(float) };
+            aclTensor* acl_value = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
+                *buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), pool_ne, pool_nb, 1);
+            aclnn_fill_scalar(ctx, 1, acl_value);
+            ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ggml_cann_create_tensor(*buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), ne, nb, dims);
+}
+
 void ggml_cann_rms_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
     ggml_tensor* src = dst->src[0];
 
@@ -875,20 +955,39 @@ void ggml_cann_rms_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
 
     float eps;
     memcpy(&eps, dst->op_params, sizeof(float));
-    size_t one_tensor_n_bytes = src->ne[0] * ggml_element_size(src);
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc one_tensor_allocator(ctx.pool(), one_tensor_n_bytes);
 
-    aclTensor* acl_gamma = aclnn_values(
-        ctx, one_tensor_allocator.get(), one_tensor_n_bytes, src->ne, 1,
-        ggml_cann_type_mapping(src->type), ggml_element_size(src));
+    // build gamma, one...
+    size_t acl_gamma_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    acl_gamma_nb[0] = sizeof(float);
+    for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+        acl_gamma_nb[i] = acl_gamma_nb[i - 1] * src->ne[i - 1];
+    }
+    aclTensor* acl_gamma = get_f32_cache_acl_tensor(
+        ctx,
+        &ctx.rms_norm_one_tensor_cache.cache,
+        ctx.rms_norm_one_tensor_cache.size,
+        src->ne,
+        acl_gamma_nb,
+        1,        // dims
+        1.0f      // value
+    );
+
+    // build rstd, zero...
+    size_t acl_rstd_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    acl_rstd_nb[0] = sizeof(float);
+    for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+        acl_rstd_nb[i] = acl_rstd_nb[i - 1] * src->ne[i - 1];
+    }
+    aclTensor* acl_rstd = get_f32_cache_acl_tensor(
+        ctx,
+        &ctx.rms_norm_zero_tensor_cache.cache,
+        ctx.rms_norm_zero_tensor_cache.size,
+        src->ne,
+        acl_rstd_nb,
+        GGML_MAX_DIMS,
+        0.0f      // value
+    );
 
-    size_t zero_tensor_n_bytes =
-        src->ne[1] * src->ne[2] * src->ne[3] * ggml_element_size(src);
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc zero_tensor_allocator(ctx.pool(), zero_tensor_n_bytes);
-    aclTensor* acl_rstd =
-        aclnn_zero(ctx, zero_tensor_allocator.get(), zero_tensor_n_bytes,
-                   src->ne, GGML_MAX_DIMS, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src->type),
-                   ggml_element_size(src));
     GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, RmsNorm, acl_src, acl_gamma, eps, acl_dst, acl_rstd);
     ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst, acl_gamma, acl_rstd);
 }
@@ -903,14 +1002,13 @@ void ggml_cann_diag_mask(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst,
 
     const int n_past = ((int32_t*)dst->op_params)[0];
 
-    size_t one_tensor_n_bytes = src->ne[0] * src->ne[1] * src->ne[2] *
-                                src->ne[3] * ggml_element_size(src);
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc one_tensor_allocator(ctx.pool(), one_tensor_n_bytes);
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc one_tensor_allocator(ctx.pool(), ggml_nbytes(src));
+    void* buffer = one_tensor_allocator.get();
 
-    aclTensor* mask_tensor =
-        aclnn_values(ctx, one_tensor_allocator.get(), one_tensor_n_bytes,
-                     src->ne, GGML_MAX_DIMS, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src->type),
-                     ggml_element_size(src), value);
+    aclTensor* mask_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(buffer, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src->type),
+        ggml_type_size(src->type), src->ne, src->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+
+    aclnn_fill_scalar(ctx, value, mask_tensor);
 
     aclScalar* alpha = nullptr;
     float alphaValue = 1.0f;
@@ -1159,13 +1257,21 @@ static void aclnn_exp(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src) {
 
 void aclnn_cos(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
                       aclTensor* acl_dst) {
+    if(acl_dst == nullptr) {
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceCos, acl_src);
+    } else {
         GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Cos, acl_src, acl_dst);
     }
+}
 
 void aclnn_sin(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, aclTensor* acl_src,
                       aclTensor* acl_dst) {
+    if(acl_dst == nullptr) {
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceSin, acl_src);
+    } else {
         GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Sin, acl_src, acl_dst);
     }
+}
 
 void ggml_cann_timestep_embedding(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
                                   ggml_tensor* dst) {
@@ -1277,23 +1383,6 @@ void ggml_cann_timestep_embedding(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
         tmp_permute_tensor, tmp_mul_tensor, acl_dst);
 }
 
-/**
- * @brief Fills a tensor with a scalar value.
- *
- * This function fills the destination tensor `acl_dst` with the scalar value
- * `scalar`.
- *
- * @param ctx The context for the CANN backend operations.
- * @param scalar The scalar value used to fill the tensor.
- * @param acl_dst The destination tensor to be filled with the scalar value.
- */
-static void aclnn_fill_scalar(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, float scalar,
-                              aclTensor* acl_dst) {
-    auto acl_scalar = aclCreateScalar(&scalar, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
-    GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceFillScalar, acl_dst, acl_scalar);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_scalar);
-}
-
 /**
  * @brief Raises each element of a tensor to the power of the corresponding
  * element in another tensor.
@@ -1338,17 +1427,17 @@ static void aclnn_pow_tensor_tensor(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
 static void aclnn_get_slope_inner(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, void* slope_buffer,
     float m, int64_t size, float start, float stop, float step){
     int64_t ne[] = {size};
-    size_t nb[] = {sizeof(float)};
+    size_t nb[] = {sizeof(uint16_t)};
 
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc arange_allocator(ctx.pool(), size * sizeof(float));
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc arange_allocator(ctx.pool(), size * sizeof(uint16_t));
     void* arange_buffer = arange_allocator.get();
 
     aclTensor* arange_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        arange_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), ne, nb, 1);
+        arange_buffer, ACL_FLOAT16, sizeof(uint16_t), ne, nb, 1);
     aclnn_arange(ctx, arange_tensor, start, stop, step, size);
 
     aclTensor* slope_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-        slope_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), ne, nb, 1);
+        slope_buffer, ACL_FLOAT16, sizeof(uint16_t), ne, nb, 1);
 
     aclScalar* sc = aclCreateScalar(&m, aclDataType::ACL_FLOAT);
 
@@ -2140,9 +2229,40 @@ static void aclnn_index_fill_tensor(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx,
     ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_index, acl_value);
 }
 
+/**
+ * @brief Initializes and caches sine/cosine positional encoding values
+ *        (used in RoPE, Rotary Position Embedding) for attention layers.
+ *
+ * This function computes and caches the sin/cos values of
+ * θ = position * theta_scale for RoPE encoding. The cache is shared
+ * across attention layers, and only the first attention layer will
+ * trigger initialization. The cache includes repeated sin/cos values
+ * with different repeat methods depending on the @param is_neox flag.
+ *
+ * Steps performed by this function:
+ *   1. Identify whether the target tensor belongs to Q/K in attention
+ *      and restrict computation to the first layer only.
+ *   2. Initialize the theta scale array (arange → power → freq scaling).
+ *   3. Allocate sin/cos caches if the max prompt length increases.
+ *   4. Compute θ = position * theta_scale.
+ *   5. Compute sin(θ), cos(θ) and optionally scale by attn_factor.
+ *   6. Expand sin/cos values by repeat or repeat_interleave depending
+ *      on whether @param is_neox is enabled.
+ *
+ * @param ctx                The CANN backend context, holding memory pool,
+ *                           stream, and persistent buffers for rope init/cache.
+ * @param dst                The destination ggml_tensor whose computation
+ *                           depends on the RoPE values (usually Qcur/Kcur).
+ * @param sin_tensor_buffer  Pre-allocated buffer for storing repeated sin values.
+ * @param cos_tensor_buffer  Pre-allocated buffer for storing repeated cos values.
+ * @param theta_scale        Scalar exponent base for computing theta scale values.
+ * @param freq_scale         Frequency scaling factor, applied to theta scale.
+ * @param attn_factor        Attention scaling factor, applied to sin/cos.
+ * @param is_neox            Whether to use Neox-style repeat strategy
+ *                           (dim expansion vs repeat_interleave).
+ */
 static void aclnn_cache_init(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst,
-                             aclTensor* acl_cos_repeat_tensor,
-                             aclTensor* acl_sin_repeat_tensor,
+                             void* sin_tensor_buffer, void* cos_tensor_buffer,
                              float theta_scale, float freq_scale,
                              float attn_factor, bool is_neox) {
     // int sin/cos cache, cache has different repeat method depond on
@@ -2152,24 +2272,50 @@ static void aclnn_cache_init(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst,
     ggml_tensor* src1 = dst->src[1];  // position
     ggml_tensor* src2 = dst->src[2];  // freq_factors
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
-
-    // theta_scale arange, [0,1,...,ne00/2 - 1]
-    int64_t theta_scale_length = ne00 / 2;
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc theta_scale_allocator(ctx.pool(),
-                                          theta_scale_length * sizeof(float_t));
-    void* theta_scale_buffer = theta_scale_allocator.get();
+    int64_t theta_scale_length = src0->ne[0] / 2;
     int64_t theta_scale_ne[] = {theta_scale_length, 1, 1, 1};
     size_t theta_scale_nb[] = {sizeof(float_t), sizeof(float_t), sizeof(float_t),
                           theta_scale_length * sizeof(float_t)};
 
-    aclTensor* acl_theta_scale_tensor =
-        ggml_cann_create_tensor(theta_scale_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t),
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
+    int64_t position_length = src1->ne[0];
+    int64_t position_ne[] = {1, 1, position_length, 1};
+    size_t position_nb[] = {sizeof(int32_t), sizeof(int32_t), sizeof(int32_t),
+                            sizeof(int32_t) * position_length};
+
+    int64_t theta_ne[] = {theta_scale_length, 1, position_length, 1};
+    size_t theta_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    theta_nb[0] = sizeof(float_t);
+    for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+        theta_nb[i] = theta_nb[i - 1] * theta_ne[i - 1];
+    }
+
+    // theta_scale arange, [0,1,...,ne00/2 - 1]
+    aclTensor* acl_theta_scale_tensor = nullptr;
+    // cache theta scale
+    if (ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_length != theta_scale_length ||
+        // theta_scale and freq_scale should not change during the current token inference process,
+        // so we can directly use == here instead of comparing the absolute difference.
+        ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale != theta_scale ||
+        ctx.rope_cache.freq_scale != freq_scale) {
+
+        ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_length = theta_scale_length;
+        ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale = theta_scale;
+        ctx.rope_cache.freq_scale = freq_scale;
+
+        if (ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_cache != nullptr) {
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_cache));
+        }
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMalloc(&ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_cache, theta_scale_length * sizeof(float_t), ACL_MEM_MALLOC_HUGE_FIRST));
+
+        acl_theta_scale_tensor =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_cache, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t),
                                     theta_scale_ne, theta_scale_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+
         float start = 0;
         float step = 1;
-    float stop = ne00 / 2;
-    float n_elements = ne00 / 2;
+        float stop = theta_scale_length;
+        float n_elements = theta_scale_length;
         aclnn_arange(ctx, acl_theta_scale_tensor, start, stop, step, n_elements);
 
         // power
@@ -2181,22 +2327,31 @@ static void aclnn_cache_init(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst,
         if (freq_scale != 1) {
             aclnn_muls(ctx, acl_theta_scale_tensor, freq_scale, nullptr, true);
         }
+        ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_theta_scale);
+    } else {
+        // use cache
+        acl_theta_scale_tensor =
+            ggml_cann_create_tensor(ctx.rope_cache.theta_scale_cache, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t),
+                                    theta_scale_ne, theta_scale_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+    }
 
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc freq_fac_res_allocator(ctx.pool());
     // freq_factors
     if (src2) {
+        freq_fac_res_allocator.alloc(theta_scale_length * sizeof(float_t));
+        void* freq_fac_res_ptr = freq_fac_res_allocator.get();
         aclTensor* acl_freq_factors_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
             src2->data, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src2->type),
             ggml_type_size(src2->type), theta_scale_ne, theta_scale_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-        aclnn_div(ctx, acl_theta_scale_tensor, acl_freq_factors_tensor);
-        ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_freq_factors_tensor);
+        aclTensor* acl_freq_fac_res_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
+            freq_fac_res_ptr, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t),
+            theta_scale_ne, theta_scale_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+        aclnn_div(ctx, acl_theta_scale_tensor, acl_freq_factors_tensor, acl_freq_fac_res_tensor);
+        std::swap(acl_theta_scale_tensor, acl_freq_fac_res_tensor);
+        ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_freq_factors_tensor, acl_freq_fac_res_tensor);
     }
 
     // position
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I32);
-    int64_t position_length = src1->ne[0];
-    int64_t position_ne[] = {1, 1, position_length, 1};
-    size_t position_nb[] = {sizeof(int32_t), sizeof(int32_t), sizeof(int32_t),
-                            sizeof(int32_t) * position_length};
     aclTensor* acl_position_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
         src1->data, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src1->type),
         ggml_type_size(src1->type), position_ne, position_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
@@ -2206,12 +2361,7 @@ static void aclnn_cache_init(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst,
     ggml_cann_pool_alloc theta_allocator(ctx.pool(),
                                         theta_length * sizeof(float_t));
     void* theta_buffer = theta_allocator.get();
-    int64_t theta_ne[] = {theta_scale_length, 1, position_length, 1};
-    size_t theta_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-    theta_nb[0] = sizeof(float_t);
-    for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-        theta_nb[i] = theta_nb[i - 1] * theta_ne[i - 1];
-    }
+
     aclTensor* acl_theta_tensor =
         ggml_cann_create_tensor(theta_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t),
                                 theta_ne, theta_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
@@ -2241,6 +2391,19 @@ static void aclnn_cache_init(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst,
         aclnn_muls(ctx, acl_cos_tensor, attn_factor, nullptr, true);
     }
 
+    int64_t sin_reshape_ne[4] = {src0->ne[0], 1, src0->ne[2], 1};
+    size_t sin_reshape_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    sin_reshape_nb[0] = sizeof(float_t);
+    for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+        sin_reshape_nb[i] = sin_reshape_nb[i - 1] * sin_reshape_ne[i - 1];
+    }
+    aclTensor* acl_sin_repeat_tensor =
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor(sin_tensor_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t),
+                                sin_reshape_ne, sin_reshape_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+    aclTensor* acl_cos_repeat_tensor =
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor(cos_tensor_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t),
+                                sin_reshape_ne, sin_reshape_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+
     // repeat
     if (is_neox) {
         int64_t repeatsArray[] = {1, 1, 1, 2};
@@ -2256,9 +2419,9 @@ static void aclnn_cache_init(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst,
                                 num_repeats, output_size);
     }
 
-    // release
     ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_theta_scale_tensor, acl_position_tensor,
-        acl_theta_tensor, acl_sin_tensor, acl_cos_tensor, acl_theta_scale);
+        acl_theta_tensor, acl_sin_tensor, acl_sin_repeat_tensor, acl_cos_tensor,
+        acl_cos_repeat_tensor);
 }
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
@@ -2280,6 +2443,7 @@ void ggml_cann_rope(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
     // TODO: use ascendc
     // Only test with LLAMA model.
     ggml_tensor* src0 = dst->src[0];  // input
+    ggml_tensor* src1 = dst->src[1];
 
     // param
     float freq_base, freq_scale, ext_factor, attn_factor, beta_fast, beta_slow;
@@ -2312,13 +2476,16 @@ void ggml_cann_rope(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
 
     const bool is_neox = mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX;
 
-    // init cos/sin cache
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc sin_allocator(
-        ctx.pool(), ne00 * ne02 * sizeof(float_t));
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc cos_allocator(
-        ctx.pool(), ne00 * ne02 * sizeof(float_t));
-    void* sin_buffer = sin_allocator.get();
-    void* cos_buffer = cos_allocator.get();
+    // sin/cos tensor length.
+    int64_t repeat_theta_length = src0->ne[0] * src1->ne[0];
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc sin_tensor_allocator(ctx.pool(), repeat_theta_length * sizeof(float));
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc cos_tensor_allocator(ctx.pool(), repeat_theta_length * sizeof(float));
+    void *sin_tensor_buffer = sin_tensor_allocator.get();
+    void *cos_tensor_buffer = cos_tensor_allocator.get();
+
+    // init ctx.rope_cos/rope_sin cache
+    aclnn_cache_init(ctx, dst, sin_tensor_buffer, cos_tensor_buffer,
+                    theta_scale, freq_scale, attn_factor, is_neox);
 
     int64_t sin_reshape_ne[4] = {ne00, 1, ne02, 1};
     size_t sin_reshape_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
@@ -2327,13 +2494,11 @@ void ggml_cann_rope(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
         sin_reshape_nb[i] = sin_reshape_nb[i - 1] * sin_reshape_ne[i - 1];
     }
     aclTensor* acl_sin_reshape_tensor =
-        ggml_cann_create_tensor(sin_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t),
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor(sin_tensor_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t),
                                 sin_reshape_ne, sin_reshape_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
     aclTensor* acl_cos_reshape_tensor =
-        ggml_cann_create_tensor(cos_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t),
+        ggml_cann_create_tensor(cos_tensor_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float_t),
                                 sin_reshape_ne, sin_reshape_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-    aclnn_cache_init(ctx, dst, acl_cos_reshape_tensor, acl_sin_reshape_tensor,
-                    theta_scale, freq_scale, attn_factor, is_neox);
 
     aclTensor* acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
     aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
@@ -2702,174 +2867,49 @@ void ggml_cann_step(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst){
  */
 static void ggml_cann_mul_mat_id_fp(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
     //dst   [M, K, N, 1]
-    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];  //src0	[D, M, A, 1]
-    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];  //src1	[D, B, N, 1], B = K or B = 1
+    ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];  //src0	[D, M, A, 1]  -> [D, M, K, 1]
+    ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];  //src1	[D, B, N, 1], B = K or B = 1 -> [D, 1, K, 1]
     ggml_tensor * ids  = dst->src[2];  //ids	[K, N]
 
-    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->ne[3] == 1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->ne[3] == 1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[3] == 1);
 
-    // copy index from npu to cpu
-    int64_t n_as = ne02; // A
-    int64_t n_ids = ids->ne[0]; // K
+    int64_t batch = src1->ne[2];
+    GGML_ASSERT(batch == ids->ne[1]);
 
-    std::vector<char> ids_host(ggml_nbytes(ids));
-    ggml_cann_async_memcpy(ctx, ids_host.data(), ids->data, ggml_nbytes(ids),
-        ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_HOST);
-    ACL_CHECK(aclrtSynchronizeStream(ctx.stream()));
+    ggml_cann_pool_alloc export_allocator(ctx.pool(), src0->ne[0] * src0->ne[1] * ids->ne[0] * ggml_element_size(src0));
+    void* export_ptr = export_allocator.get();
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < batch; i++) {
+        aclTensor *select_index = ggml_cann_create_tensor(ids, ids->ne, ids->nb, 1, ACL_FORMAT_ND, i * ids->nb[1]);
+        aclTensor *export_weight = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0, src0->ne, src0->nb, 3);
 
-    char * src0_original = (char *) src0->data;
-    char * src1_original = (char *) src1->data;
-    char * dst_original  = (char *)  dst->data;
-    size_t ori_src0_nb[4] = {nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03};
-
-    // src0 is F16, src1 is F32, dst is F32
-    ggml_cann_pool_alloc src0_cast_allocator;
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        src0_cast_allocator.alloc(ctx.pool(), sizeof(float) * ggml_nelements(src0));
-        void* src0_cast_buf = src0_cast_allocator.get();
-
-        size_t cast_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-        cast_nb[0] = sizeof(float_t);
-        for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
-            cast_nb[i] = cast_nb[i - 1] * src0->ne[i - 1];
+        int64_t select_export_ne[] = {src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], ids->ne[0]};
+        size_t select_export_nb[3];
+        select_export_nb[0] = src0->nb[0];
+        for (int k = 1;k < 3; k++) {
+            select_export_nb[k] = select_export_nb[k-1] * select_export_ne[k-1];
         }
 
-        aclTensor* acl_src0_f16 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
-        aclTensor* acl_cast = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0_cast_buf,
-            ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float), src0->ne, cast_nb, 4);
-        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, Cast, acl_src0_f16, ACL_FLOAT, acl_cast);
-        ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_cast, acl_src0_f16);
+        aclTensor *select_export = ggml_cann_create_tensor(export_ptr, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type), ggml_element_size(src0), select_export_ne, select_export_nb, 3);
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, IndexSelect, export_weight, 0, select_index, select_export);
 
-        src0_original = (char *) src0_cast_buf;
-        memcpy(ori_src0_nb, cast_nb, sizeof(ori_src0_nb));
+        int64_t select_transpose_ne[] = {select_export_ne[1], select_export_ne[0], select_export_ne[2]};
+        size_t select_transpose_nb[] = {select_export_nb[1], select_export_nb[0], select_export_nb[2]};
+        aclTensor *select_export_transpose = ggml_cann_create_tensor(export_ptr, ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type), ggml_element_size(src0), select_transpose_ne, select_transpose_nb, 3);
+
+        int64_t active_tensor_ne[] = {src1->ne[0], 1, src1->ne[1]};
+        size_t active_tensor_nb[] = {src1->nb[0], src1->nb[1], src1->nb[1]};
+        aclTensor *active_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1, active_tensor_ne, active_tensor_nb, 3, ACL_FORMAT_ND, i * src1->nb[2]);
+
+        int64_t dst_ne[] = {dst->ne[0], 1, dst->ne[1]};
+        size_t dst_nb[] = {dst->nb[0], dst->nb[1], dst->nb[1]};
+        aclTensor *acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst, dst_ne,dst_nb, 3, ACL_FORMAT_ND, i * dst->nb[2]);
+
+        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, BatchMatMul, active_tensor, select_export_transpose, acl_dst, 2);
+
+        ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, select_index, export_weight, select_export, active_tensor, acl_dst, select_export_transpose);
     }
-
-#ifdef ASCEND_310P
-    ggml_tensor src0_row = *src0;
-    ggml_tensor src1_row = *src1;
-    ggml_tensor dst_row = *dst;
-
-    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        src0_row.type = GGML_TYPE_F32;
-    }
-
-    // src0_row [D, M, 1, 1] weight without permute
-    src0_row.ne[2] = 1;
-    src0_row.ne[3] = 1;
-    src0_row.nb[0] = ori_src0_nb[0];
-    src0_row.nb[1] = ori_src0_nb[1];
-    src0_row.nb[2] = ori_src0_nb[1];
-    src0_row.nb[3] = ori_src0_nb[1];
-
-    // src1_row [D, 1, 1, 1] -> input
-    src1_row.ne[1] = 1;
-    src1_row.ne[2] = 1;
-    src1_row.ne[3] = 1;
-    src1_row.nb[2] = nb11;
-    src1_row.nb[3] = nb11;
-
-    // dst_row [M, 1, 1, 1] -> out
-    dst_row.ne[1] = 1;
-    dst_row.ne[2] = 1;
-    dst_row.ne[3] = 1;
-    dst_row.nb[2] = nb1;
-    dst_row.nb[3] = nb1;
-
-    //create weight for one row
-    for (int64_t iid1 = 0; iid1 < ids->ne[1]; iid1++) {
-        for (int64_t id = 0; id < n_ids; id++) {
-            // expert index
-            int32_t i02 = *(int32_t *) (ids_host.data() + iid1*ids->nb[1] + id*ids->nb[0]);
-            GGML_ASSERT(i02 >= 0 && i02 < n_as);
-
-            // If B = 1 (broadcast), always use 0; otherwise, use id.
-            int64_t i11 = (ne11 == 1 ? 0 : id);
-            int64_t i12 = iid1;
-
-            int64_t i1 = id;
-            int64_t i2 = i12;
-
-            void* src0_tmp_ptr = src0_original + i02*ori_src0_nb[2];
-            void* src1_tmp_ptr = src1_original + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12;
-            void* dst_tmp_ptr  = dst_original  + i1*nb1   + i2*nb2;
-
-            src0_row.data = src0_tmp_ptr;
-            src1_row.data = src1_tmp_ptr;
-            dst_row.data = dst_tmp_ptr;
-            dst_row.src[0] = &src0_row;
-            dst_row.src[1] = &src1_row;
-
-            ggml_cann_mul_mat(ctx, &dst_row);
-        }
-    }
-    return;
-#endif
-
-    std::vector<aclTensor*> src0_tensor_vec;
-    std::vector<aclTensor*> src1_tensor_vec;
-    std::vector<aclTensor*> dst_tensor_vec;
-    for (int64_t iid1 = 0; iid1 < ids->ne[1]; iid1++) {
-        for (int64_t id = 0; id < n_ids; id++) {
-            // src0_row [M, D] -> weight && permute
-            int64_t src0_ne[2] = {ne01, ne00};
-            size_t src0_nb[2] = {ori_src0_nb[1], ori_src0_nb[0]};
-            // src1_row [D, 1] -> input
-            int64_t src1_ne[2] = {ne10, 1};
-            size_t src1_nb[2] = {nb10, nb11};
-            // dst_row [M, 1] -> out
-            int64_t dst_ne[2] = {ne0, 1};
-            size_t dst_nb[2] = {nb0, nb1};
-
-            // expert index
-            int32_t i02 = *(int32_t *) (ids_host.data() + iid1*ids->nb[1] + id*ids->nb[0]);
-            GGML_ASSERT(i02 >= 0 && i02 < n_as);
-
-            // If B = 1 (broadcast), always use 0; otherwise, use id.
-            int64_t i11 = (ne11 == 1 ? 0 : id);
-            int64_t i12 = iid1;
-
-            int64_t i1 = id;
-            int64_t i2 = i12;
-
-            void* src0_tmp_ptr = src0_original + i02*ori_src0_nb[2];
-            void* src1_tmp_ptr = src1_original + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12;
-            void* dst_tmp_ptr  = dst_original  + i1*nb1   + i2*nb2;
-
-            aclTensor* acl_src0 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0_tmp_ptr,
-                ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float),
-                src0_ne, src0_nb, 2);
-            aclTensor* acl_src1 = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1_tmp_ptr,
-                ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float),
-                src1_ne, src1_nb, 2);
-            aclTensor* acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst_tmp_ptr,
-                ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float),
-                dst_ne, dst_nb, 2);
-
-            src0_tensor_vec.push_back(acl_src0);
-            src1_tensor_vec.push_back(acl_src1);
-            dst_tensor_vec.push_back(acl_dst);
-        }
-    }
-
-    size_t GROUP_SIZE = 128;
-    // GroupedMatmulV3 required tensor_list.size < 128
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < src0_tensor_vec.size(); i += GROUP_SIZE) {
-        // split and call GroupedMatmulV3
-        size_t end = std::min(i + GROUP_SIZE, src0_tensor_vec.size());
-        std::vector<aclTensor*> src0_tensor_vec_split(src0_tensor_vec.begin() + i, src0_tensor_vec.begin() + end);
-        std::vector<aclTensor*> src1_tensor_vec_split(src1_tensor_vec.begin() + i, src1_tensor_vec.begin() + end);
-        std::vector<aclTensor*> dst_tensor_vec_split(dst_tensor_vec.begin() + i, dst_tensor_vec.begin() + end);
-
-        aclTensorList* src0_tensor_list = aclCreateTensorList(src0_tensor_vec_split.data(), src0_tensor_vec_split.size());
-        aclTensorList* src1_tensor_list = aclCreateTensorList(src1_tensor_vec_split.data(), src1_tensor_vec_split.size());
-        aclTensorList* dst_tensor_list = aclCreateTensorList(dst_tensor_vec_split.data(), dst_tensor_vec_split.size());
-
-        GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, GroupedMatmulV3, src1_tensor_list, src0_tensor_list,
-            nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 0, -1, dst_tensor_list);
-
-        ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, src0_tensor_list, src1_tensor_list, dst_tensor_list);
-    }
-    return;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -3018,11 +3058,38 @@ void ggml_cann_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst) {
 
 void ggml_cann_flash_attn_ext(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst){
 
-    ggml_tensor* src0 = dst->src[0]; // q, fp32
-    ggml_tensor* src1 = dst->src[1]; // k, fp16
-    ggml_tensor* src2 = dst->src[2]; // v, fp16
+    ggml_tensor* src0 = dst->src[0]; // q, fp32 | B, N, S, D (uncont) -> B, S, N, D (cont)
+    ggml_tensor* src1 = dst->src[1]; // k, fp16 | B, N, S, D (uncont) -> B, S, N, D (cont)
+    ggml_tensor* src2 = dst->src[2]; // v, fp16 | B, N, S, D (uncont) -> B, S, N, D (cont)
     ggml_tensor* src3 = dst->src[3]; // mask, fp16
 
+    // B, N, S, D (uncont) -> B, S, N, D (cont)
+    int64_t src0_bsnd_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    memcpy(src0_bsnd_ne, src0->ne, GGML_MAX_DIMS * sizeof(int64_t));
+    size_t src0_bsnd_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    memcpy(src0_bsnd_nb, src0->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS * sizeof(size_t));
+    int64_t src1_bsnd_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    memcpy(src1_bsnd_ne, src1->ne, GGML_MAX_DIMS * sizeof(int64_t));
+    size_t src1_bsnd_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    memcpy(src1_bsnd_nb, src1->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS * sizeof(size_t));
+    int64_t src2_bsnd_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    memcpy(src2_bsnd_ne, src2->ne, GGML_MAX_DIMS * sizeof(int64_t));
+    size_t src2_bsnd_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+    memcpy(src2_bsnd_nb, src2->nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS * sizeof(size_t));
+
+    auto transpose12 = [](int64_t* ne, size_t* nb) {
+        int64_t ne_tmp = ne[1];
+        size_t  nb_tmp = nb[1];
+        ne[1] = ne[2];
+        nb[1] = nb[2];
+        ne[2] = ne_tmp;
+        nb[2] = nb_tmp;
+    };
+
+    transpose12(src0_bsnd_ne, src0_bsnd_nb);
+    transpose12(src1_bsnd_ne, src1_bsnd_nb);
+    transpose12(src2_bsnd_ne, src2_bsnd_nb);
+
     float maxBias = 0.0f;
     float scaleValue = 1.0f;
     float logitSoftcap = 0.0f;
@@ -3044,11 +3111,12 @@ void ggml_cann_flash_attn_ext(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst){
         void* src0_f16_buffer = nullptr;
 
         if(ggml_cann_type_mapping(src0->type) != faDataType){
-            aclTensor* acl_src0_f32_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
+            aclTensor* acl_src0_f32_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0, src0_bsnd_ne,
+                src0_bsnd_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
             src0_f16_buffer = src0_f16_allocator.alloc(
                                     ggml_nelements(src0) * faElemSize);
 
-            int64_t* src0_f16_ne = src0->ne;
+            int64_t* src0_f16_ne = src0_bsnd_ne;
             size_t   src0_f16_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
             src0_f16_nb[0] = sizeof(uint16_t);
             for(int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i){
@@ -3062,20 +3130,23 @@ void ggml_cann_flash_attn_ext(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst){
             aclnn_cast(ctx, acl_src0_f32_tensor, acl_src0_f16_tensor, faDataType);
             ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src0_f32_tensor);
         }else{
-            acl_src0_f16_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0);
+            acl_src0_f16_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src0, src0_bsnd_ne,
+                src0_bsnd_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
         }
 
         // Step 2: create the acl tensors for src1 (Key), src2 (Value),
         //         and the direct output from FusedInferAttention
 
-        acl_src1_f16_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1);
-        acl_src2_f16_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src2);
+        acl_src1_f16_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src1, src1_bsnd_ne,
+            src1_bsnd_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+        acl_src2_f16_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src2, src2_bsnd_ne,
+            src2_bsnd_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
 
         ggml_cann_pool_alloc out_f16_allocator(ctx.pool());
         void* out_f16_buffer = out_f16_allocator.alloc(
                                     ggml_nelements(dst) * faElemSize);
 
-        int64_t* out_f16_ne = src0->ne;
+        int64_t* out_f16_ne = src0_bsnd_ne;
         size_t out_f16_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
         out_f16_nb[0] = faElemSize;
         for(int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i){
@@ -3089,88 +3160,81 @@ void ggml_cann_flash_attn_ext(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst){
 
         // Step 3: create the PSEShift tensor if needed
         //         this tensor is considered as mask (f16) in the llama.cpp
-
         aclTensor* bcast_pse_tensor = nullptr;
-        int64_t bcast_pse_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-        size_t bcast_pse_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
         ggml_cann_pool_alloc bcast_pse_allocator(ctx.pool());
-        void* bcast_pse_buffer = nullptr;
-
         if(src3 != nullptr){
-            bcast_pse_buffer = bcast_pse_allocator.alloc(
-                            ggml_nelements(src3) * src0->ne[2] * sizeof(uint16_t));
-
-            if(src0->ne[1] > 1){
-                // Case 1: broadcast pse for prefill stage with multiple head
-                aclTensor* acl_mask_f16_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src3);
-                bcast_pse_ne[0] = src3->ne[0];
-                bcast_pse_ne[1] = src3->ne[1];
-                bcast_pse_ne[2] = src0->ne[2];
-                bcast_pse_ne[3] = src3->ne[3];
-
-                bcast_pse_nb[0] = sizeof(uint16_t);
-                for(int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i){
-                    bcast_pse_nb[i] = bcast_pse_nb[i - 1] * bcast_pse_ne[i - 1];
-                }
-
-                bcast_pse_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                    bcast_pse_buffer, ACL_FLOAT16, sizeof(uint16_t),
-                    bcast_pse_ne, bcast_pse_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-
-                int64_t repeats[] = {1, src0->ne[2], 1, 1};
-                aclnn_repeat(ctx, acl_mask_f16_tensor, bcast_pse_tensor, repeats);
-
-                ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_mask_f16_tensor);
-            }else{
-                // Case 2: trunc the first row and broadcast pse for decode stage with multiple head
-                int64_t trunc_pse_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS] = {src3->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src3->ne[2], src3->ne[3]};
+            // Construct the truncated pse tensor (common for prefill/decode)
+            int64_t trunc_pse_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS] = {
+                src3->ne[0],        // D
+                src0->ne[1],        // S (number of Q tokens)
+                src3->ne[2],        // mask N
+                src3->ne[3]         // B
+            };
             size_t* trunc_pse_nb = src3->nb;
 
             aclTensor* acl_mask_f16_trunc_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
                 src3->data, ACL_FLOAT16, sizeof(uint16_t),
-                    trunc_pse_ne, trunc_pse_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-
-                bcast_pse_ne[0] = src3->ne[0];
-                bcast_pse_ne[1] = src0->ne[1];
-                bcast_pse_ne[2] = src0->ne[2];
-                bcast_pse_ne[3] = src3->ne[3];
+                trunc_pse_ne, trunc_pse_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS
+            );
 
+            int64_t bcast_pse_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+            size_t bcast_pse_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
+            bcast_pse_ne[0] = src3->ne[0];      // D
+            bcast_pse_ne[1] = src0->ne[1];      // S
+            bcast_pse_ne[2] = src0->ne[2];      // N (num_heads)
+            bcast_pse_ne[3] = src3->ne[3];      // B
+            if (maxBias == 0.0f) {
+                // When maxBias == 0.0f, use nb = 0 reduce once repeat (Qwen2)
+                // Construct the bcast tensor (simulate repeat on the head dimension using stride=0)
                 bcast_pse_nb[0] = sizeof(uint16_t);
-                for(int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i){
+                bcast_pse_nb[1] = bcast_pse_nb[0] * bcast_pse_ne[0];
+                bcast_pse_nb[2] = 0;                // <---- the head dimension shares the same data
+                bcast_pse_nb[3] = src3->nb[3];
+
+                bcast_pse_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
+                    src3->data, ACL_FLOAT16, sizeof(uint16_t),
+                    bcast_pse_ne, bcast_pse_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS
+                );
+
+                ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_mask_f16_trunc_tensor);
+            } else {
+                bcast_pse_nb[0] = sizeof(uint16_t);
+                for (int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
                     bcast_pse_nb[i] = bcast_pse_nb[i - 1] * bcast_pse_ne[i - 1];
                 }
 
+                void* bcast_pse_buffer = bcast_pse_allocator.alloc(
+                    ggml_nelements(src3) * src0->ne[2] * sizeof(uint16_t)
+                );
+
                 bcast_pse_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
                     bcast_pse_buffer, ACL_FLOAT16, sizeof(uint16_t),
-                    bcast_pse_ne, bcast_pse_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
+                    bcast_pse_ne, bcast_pse_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS
+                );
 
                 int64_t repeats[] = {1, src0->ne[2], 1, 1};
                 aclnn_repeat(ctx, acl_mask_f16_trunc_tensor, bcast_pse_tensor, repeats);
 
-                ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_mask_f16_trunc_tensor);
-            }
-
-            // Compute the slope if needed. Derived from ggml_cann_softmax().
-            if(maxBias != 0.0f){
                 // alibi
+                // Compute the slope if needed. Derived from ggml_cann_softmax().
                 const int64_t n_heads = src0->ne[2];
-                ggml_cann_pool_alloc slope_allocator(ctx.pool(), n_heads * sizeof(float));
+                ggml_cann_pool_alloc slope_allocator(ctx.pool(), n_heads * sizeof(uint16_t));
                 void* slope_buffer = slope_allocator.get();
                 aclnn_get_slope(ctx, n_heads, slope_buffer, maxBias);
 
                 int64_t slope_ne[] = {1, 1, n_heads, 1};
                 size_t slope_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-                slope_nb[0] = sizeof(float);
+                slope_nb[0] = sizeof(uint16_t);
                 for(int i = 1;i<GGML_MAX_DIMS;i++) {
                     slope_nb[i] = slope_nb[i-1] * slope_ne[0];
                 }
 
                 aclTensor* slope_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                    slope_buffer, ACL_FLOAT, sizeof(float),
+                    slope_buffer, ACL_FLOAT16, sizeof(uint16_t),
                     slope_ne, slope_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
                 GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(ctx, InplaceMul, bcast_pse_tensor, slope_tensor);
 
-                ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, slope_tensor);
+                ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, slope_tensor, acl_mask_f16_trunc_tensor);
             }
         }
 
@@ -3187,7 +3251,7 @@ void ggml_cann_flash_attn_ext(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst){
         // double  scaleValue = 1 / sqrt(src0->ne[0]); // 1/sqrt(d)
         int64_t preTokens = 65535;
         int64_t nextTokens = 65535;
-        char layout[5] = {'B', 'N', 'S', 'D', 0};
+        char layout[5] = {'B', 'S', 'N', 'D', 0};
         int64_t sparseMode = 0;
         int64_t innerPrecise = (src0->ne[1] == 1) ? 0 : 2;
         int64_t blockSize = 0;
@@ -3224,32 +3288,9 @@ void ggml_cann_flash_attn_ext(ggml_backend_cann_context& ctx, ggml_tensor* dst){
         );
 
         // Step 6: post-processing, permute and cast to f32
-
-        int64_t new_dim[] = {0, 2, 1, 3};
         aclTensor* acl_dst_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
-
-        if(ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type) != faDataType){
-            ggml_cann_pool_alloc perm_out_f16_allocator(ctx.pool());
-            perm_out_f16_allocator.alloc(ggml_nelements(dst) * faElemSize);
-            void* perm_out_f16_buffer = perm_out_f16_allocator.get();
-
-            int64_t* perm_out_f16_ne = dst->ne;
-            size_t  perm_out_f16_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
-            perm_out_f16_nb[0] = faElemSize;
-            for(int i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i){
-                perm_out_f16_nb[i] = perm_out_f16_nb[i - 1] * perm_out_f16_ne[i - 1];
-            }
-            aclTensor* acl_perm_out_f16_tensor = ggml_cann_create_tensor(
-                perm_out_f16_buffer, faDataType, faElemSize,
-                perm_out_f16_ne, perm_out_f16_nb, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-            aclnn_permute(ctx, acl_dst_f16_tensor, acl_perm_out_f16_tensor, new_dim, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-            aclnn_cast(ctx,
-                acl_perm_out_f16_tensor, acl_dst_tensor, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type));
-            ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_perm_out_f16_tensor);
-        }else{
-            // only need to permute
-            aclnn_permute(ctx, acl_dst_f16_tensor, acl_dst_tensor, new_dim, GGML_MAX_DIMS);
-        }
+        // TODO: when dst is fp16, don't need cast
+        aclnn_cast(ctx, acl_dst_f16_tensor, acl_dst_tensor, ggml_cann_type_mapping(dst->type));
         ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src0_f16_tensor,
                                          acl_src1_f16_tensor,
                                          acl_src2_f16_tensor,

ggml/src/ggml-cann/common.h

@@ -360,6 +360,30 @@ struct ggml_cann_graph {
 };
 #endif  // USE_ACL_GRAPH
 
+struct ggml_cann_rope_cache {
+    ~ggml_cann_rope_cache() {
+        if(theta_scale_cache != nullptr) {
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(theta_scale_cache));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void* theta_scale_cache = nullptr;
+    int64_t theta_scale_length = 0;
+    float theta_scale = 0.0f;
+    float freq_scale = 0.0f;
+};
+
+struct ggml_cann_tensor_cache {
+    ~ggml_cann_tensor_cache() {
+        if(cache != nullptr) {
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(cache));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void* cache = nullptr;
+    int64_t size = 0;
+};
+
 /**
  * @brief Context for managing CANN backend operations.
  */
@@ -374,7 +398,12 @@ struct ggml_backend_cann_context {
 #endif
     cann_task_queue task_queue;
     bool async_mode;
-    bool support_set_rows;
+    // Rope Cache
+    ggml_cann_rope_cache rope_cache;
+    // Constant Pool
+    ggml_cann_tensor_cache rms_norm_one_tensor_cache;
+    ggml_cann_tensor_cache rms_norm_zero_tensor_cache;
+
 
     aclrtStream streams[GGML_CANN_MAX_STREAMS] = {nullptr}; /**< Array of streams for the device. */
 
@@ -390,14 +419,6 @@ struct ggml_backend_cann_context {
         async_mode = parse_bool(get_env("GGML_CANN_ASYNC_MODE").value_or(""));
         GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: device %d async operator submission is %s\n", __func__,
             device, async_mode ? "ON" : "OFF");
-
-        support_set_rows = parse_bool(get_env("LLAMA_SET_ROWS").value_or(""));
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: LLAMA_SET_ROWS is %s\n", __func__, support_set_rows ? "ON" : "OFF");
-
-        if (!support_set_rows) {
-            GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: CANN Graph currently only supports execution when LLAMA_SET_ROWS is ON. "
-                    "Falling back to eager mode.\n", __func__);
-        }
     }
 
     /**

ggml/src/ggml-cann/ggml-cann.cpp

@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@ namespace {
  * @note The workspace buffer used in this function is managed globally and reused
  *       across calls. This reduces overhead from repeated memory allocation and deallocation.
  */
-static void weight_format_to_nz(ggml_tensor *tensor, const void *data, size_t offset) {
+static void weight_format_to_nz(ggml_tensor *tensor, size_t offset) {
     aclTensor* weightTransposed = ggml_cann_create_tensor(tensor, tensor->ne,
                                     tensor->nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, offset);
     uint64_t workspaceSize = 0;
@@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_set_tensor(
         if (weight_to_nz && is_matmul_weight((const ggml_tensor*)tensor)) {
             GGML_ASSERT(tensor->ne[2] == 1);
             GGML_ASSERT(tensor->ne[3] == 1);
-            weight_format_to_nz(tensor, data, offset);
+            weight_format_to_nz(tensor, offset);
         }
     } else {
         void *transform_buffer = malloc(size);
@@ -2247,15 +2247,11 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cann_graph_compute(
         (ggml_backend_cann_context*)backend->context;
     ggml_cann_set_device(cann_ctx->device);
     release_nz_workspace();
+
 #ifdef USE_ACL_GRAPH
     bool use_cann_graph = true;
     bool cann_graph_update_required = false;
 
-    // check environment LLAMA_SET_ROWS
-    if (!cann_ctx->support_set_rows) {
-        use_cann_graph = false;
-    }
-
     if (use_cann_graph) {
         if (cann_ctx->cann_graph == nullptr) {
             cann_ctx->cann_graph.reset(new ggml_cann_graph());
@@ -2336,7 +2332,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
                 case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
                 case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
 #ifdef ASCEND_310P
-                    // Q4 && Q8 per group is not suppor on 310p device
+                    // Q4 && Q8 per group is not support on 310p device
                     return false;
 #endif
                     // only support contiguous for quantized types.
@@ -2354,7 +2350,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
                 case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
                 case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
 #ifdef ASCEND_310P
-                    // Q4 && Q8 per group is not suppor on 310p device
+                    // Q4 && Q8 per group is not support on 310p device
                     return false;
 #endif
                     // only support contiguous for quantized types.
@@ -2496,7 +2492,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
             return true;
         case GGML_OP_SCALE:
             float bias;
-            memcpy(&bias, (float*)op->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+            memcpy(&bias, (const float *)(op->op_params) + 1, sizeof(float));
             return bias == 0.0f; // TODO: support bias != 0.0f
         case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
             // TODO: support attention sinks [TAG_ATTN_SINKS]
@@ -2505,6 +2501,10 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
             }
             return true;
         case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:{
+#ifdef ASCEND_310P
+            // FA not support on 310p device
+            return false;
+#endif
             // derived from [ggml-cuda.cu]
             if(op->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->src[2]->type != GGML_TYPE_F16){
                 return false;
@@ -2530,8 +2530,12 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
                 // DeepSeek MLA
                 return false;
             }
+            if (op->src[0]->ne[0] % 16 != 0) {
+                // TODO: padding to support
+                return false;
+            }
             float logitSoftcap = 0.0f;
-            memcpy(&logitSoftcap,  (float*)op->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
+            memcpy(&logitSoftcap, (const float *)(op->op_params) + 2, sizeof(float));
             if(logitSoftcap != 0.0f) {
                 return false;
             }

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
             )
         if (GGML_RVV)
             if (GGML_XTHEADVECTOR)
-                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=rv64gc_xtheadvector -mabi=lp64d)
+                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=rv64gc_zfhmin_xtheadvector -mabi=lp64d)
             elseif (GGML_RV_ZFH)
                 list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=rv64gcv_zfhmin -mabi=lp64d)
             else()
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
             # NOTE: Only available from GCC 15.1.0 onwards. Any z17 machine with compile issues must first verify their GCC version.
             #       binutils must also be updated to the latest for the -march=z17 flag to work. Otherwise, use -march=arch15.
             message(STATUS "z17 target")
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=z17)
+            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=arch15)
         else()
             message(STATUS "Unknown target")
             message(WARNING "Unknown target. If you are compiling for z14 and earlier, you might have to add -DGGML_VXE=OFF.")
@@ -497,9 +497,9 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
 
         # Fetch KleidiAI sources:
         include(FetchContent)
-        set(KLEIDIAI_COMMIT_TAG "v1.11.0")
+        set(KLEIDIAI_COMMIT_TAG "v1.13.0")
         set(KLEIDIAI_DOWNLOAD_URL "https://github.com/ARM-software/kleidiai/archive/refs/tags/${KLEIDIAI_COMMIT_TAG}.tar.gz")
-        set(KLEIDIAI_ARCHIVE_MD5  "3fe9e5ab964c375c53839296eb71eaa2")
+        set(KLEIDIAI_ARCHIVE_MD5  "d82a8de939d9814621a5ba23907bdac1")
 
         if (POLICY CMP0135)
             cmake_policy(SET CMP0135 NEW)
@@ -555,6 +555,7 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
 
         list(APPEND GGML_KLEIDIAI_SOURCES
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32.c
+            ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon.c
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32ps1s0scalef16_qsu4c32s16s0_neon.c
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon.c
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0.c)
@@ -576,7 +577,8 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
                 ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot.c
                 ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_fp32_bf16p_bf16p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa.c
                 ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme.c
-                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_rhs_pack_kxn_bf16p2vlx2b_f32_x32_sme.c)
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_rhs_pack_kxn_bf16p2vlx2b_f32_x32_sme.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/kai_common_sme_asm.S)
             set(PRIVATE_ARCH_FLAGS "-fno-tree-vectorize;${PRIVATE_ARCH_FLAGS}+sve+sve2")
         endif()
 

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch-fallback.h

@@ -73,7 +73,6 @@
 #define ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K
 #define ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K
 #define ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K
-#define ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0
 // repack.cpp
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x4
 #define ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8_generic ggml_quantize_mat_q8_0_4x8
@@ -151,8 +150,6 @@
 #elif defined(__s390x__)
 // quants.c
 #define quantize_row_q8_K_generic quantize_row_q8_K
-#define ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0_generic ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0
-#define ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1_generic ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1
 #define ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_tq1_0_q8_K
 #define ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_tq2_0_q8_K
 #define ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K_generic ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/powerpc/quants.c

@@ -278,6 +278,72 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 #endif
 }
 
+void ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+    assert(n % QK_MXFP4 == 0);
+    static_assert(QK_MXFP4 == QK8_0, "QK_MXFP4 and QK8_0 must be the same");
+
+    const block_mxfp4 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    const int nb = n / QK_MXFP4;
+
+    int ib = 0;
+    float sumf = 0;
+
+#if defined(__POWER9_VECTOR__)
+    const vector signed char lowMask = vec_splats((signed char)0xF);
+    const vector unsigned char vshift4 = vec_splats((unsigned char)4);
+    vector float vsumf0 = vec_splats(0.0f);
+
+    vector signed char kv = vec_xl(0, (const signed char *)kvalues_mxfp4);
+
+#pragma GCC unroll 8
+    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
+        __builtin_prefetch(x[ib].qs, 0, 1);
+        __builtin_prefetch(y[ib].qs, 0, 1);
+
+        vector float vyd = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d) *
+                                      GGML_E8M0_TO_FP32_HALF(x[ib].e));
+
+        vector signed char q8y0 = vec_xl( 0, y[ib].qs);
+        vector signed char q8y1 = vec_xl(16, y[ib].qs);
+
+        vector signed char qxs = (vector signed char)vec_xl(0, x[ib].qs);
+
+        vector unsigned char lo_nibbles = (vector unsigned char)vec_and(qxs, lowMask);
+        vector unsigned char hi_nibbles = (vector unsigned char)vec_sr(qxs, vshift4);
+
+        vector signed char q4x0 = vec_perm(kv, kv, lo_nibbles);
+        vector signed char q4x1 = vec_perm(kv, kv, hi_nibbles);
+
+        vector signed short qv0 = vec_add(vec_mule(q4x0, q8y0), vec_mulo(q4x0, q8y0));
+        vector signed short qv1 = vec_add(vec_mule(q4x1, q8y1), vec_mulo(q4x1, q8y1));
+
+        vector signed int vsumi0 = vec_splats((int32_t)0);
+        vsumi0 = vec_sum4s(qv0, vsumi0);
+        vsumi0 = vec_sum4s(qv1, vsumi0);
+
+        vsumf0 = vec_madd(vec_ctf(vsumi0, 0), vyd, vsumf0);
+    }
+
+    vsumf0 = vec_add(vsumf0, vec_sld(vsumf0, vsumf0, 4));
+    vsumf0 = vec_add(vsumf0, vec_sld(vsumf0, vsumf0, 8));
+    sumf = vec_extract(vsumf0, 0);
+    *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    ggml_vec_dot_mxfp4_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
+}
+
 void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
     const int qk = QK8_0;
     const int nb = n / qk;

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/s390/quants.c

@@ -23,6 +23,27 @@
 
 #define UNUSED GGML_UNUSED
 
+#if defined(__VXE__) || defined(__VXE2__)
+#define B1(c,s,n)  0x ## n ## c ,  0x ## n ## s
+#define B2(c,s,n) B1(c,s,n ## c), B1(c,s,n ## s)
+#define B3(c,s,n) B2(c,s,n ## c), B2(c,s,n ## s)
+#define B4(c,s,n) B3(c,s,n ## c), B3(c,s,n ## s)
+#define B5(c,s,n) B4(c,s,n ## c), B4(c,s,n ## s)
+#define B6(c,s,n) B5(c,s,n ## c), B5(c,s,n ## s)
+#define B7(c,s,n) B6(c,s,n ## c), B6(c,s,n ## s)
+#define B8(c,s  ) B7(c,s,     c), B7(c,s,     s)
+
+// precomputed tables for expanding 8bits to 8 bytes:
+static const __attribute__((aligned(16))) uint64_t table_b2b_0[1 << 8] = { B8(00, 10) }; // ( b ) << 4
+static const __attribute__((aligned(16))) uint64_t table_b2b_1[1 << 8] = { B8(10, 00) }; // (!b) << 4
+
+// permute mask for byteswapping
+static const uint8x16_t v_kperm = (const uint8x16_t){
+     7,  6,  5,  4,  3,  2, 1, 0,
+    15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8
+};
+#endif
+
 void quantize_row_q8_0(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, int64_t k) {
     assert(QK8_0 == 32);
     assert(k % QK8_0 == 0);
@@ -241,6 +262,301 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 #endif
 }
 
+void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_0;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(qk == QK5_0);
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+
+    const block_q5_0 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    int ib = 0;
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+
+#if defined(__VXE__) || defined(__VXE2__)
+    float32x4_t v_sum0 = vec_splats(0.0f);
+    float32x4_t v_sum1 = vec_splats(0.0f);
+
+    uint32_t qh0, qh1;
+    uint64_t tmp0[4], tmp1[4];
+
+    const uint8x16_t v_m = vec_splats((uint8_t)0x0F);
+
+    #pragma GCC unroll 4
+    for (; ib + 1 < nb; ib += 2) {
+        const block_q5_0 * GGML_RESTRICT x0 = &x[ib + 0];
+        const block_q5_0 * GGML_RESTRICT x1 = &x[ib + 1];
+        const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y0 = &y[ib + 0];
+        const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y1 = &y[ib + 1];
+
+        memcpy(&qh0, x0->qh, sizeof(qh0));
+        memcpy(&qh1, x1->qh, sizeof(qh1));
+
+        tmp0[0] = table_b2b_1[(qh0 >>  0) & 0xFF];
+        tmp0[1] = table_b2b_1[(qh0 >>  8) & 0xFF];
+        tmp0[2] = table_b2b_1[(qh0 >> 16) & 0xFF];
+        tmp0[3] = table_b2b_1[(qh0 >> 24)       ];
+
+        tmp1[0] = table_b2b_1[(qh1 >>  0) & 0xFF];
+        tmp1[1] = table_b2b_1[(qh1 >>  8) & 0xFF];
+        tmp1[2] = table_b2b_1[(qh1 >> 16) & 0xFF];
+        tmp1[3] = table_b2b_1[(qh1 >> 24)       ];
+
+        int8x16_t v_qh0l = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp0 + 0));
+        int8x16_t v_qh0h = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp0 + 2));
+        int8x16_t v_qh1l = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp1 + 0));
+        int8x16_t v_qh1h = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp1 + 2));
+
+        // required for fixing the byteorder
+        v_qh0l = vec_perm(v_qh0l, v_qh0l, v_kperm);
+        v_qh0h = vec_perm(v_qh0h, v_qh0h, v_kperm);
+        v_qh1l = vec_perm(v_qh1l, v_qh1l, v_kperm);
+        v_qh1h = vec_perm(v_qh1h, v_qh1h, v_kperm);
+
+        const uint8x16_t v_x0 = vec_xl(0, (const uint8_t *)x0->qs);
+        const uint8x16_t v_x1 = vec_xl(0, (const uint8_t *)x1->qs);
+
+        int8x16_t v_x0l = (int8x16_t)vec_and(v_x0, v_m);
+        int8x16_t v_x0h = (int8x16_t)vec_sr(v_x0, 4);
+        int8x16_t v_x1l = (int8x16_t)vec_and(v_x1, v_m);
+        int8x16_t v_x1h = (int8x16_t)vec_sr(v_x1, 4);
+
+        const int8x16_t v_x0lf = vec_sub(v_x0l, v_qh0l);
+        const int8x16_t v_x0hf = vec_sub(v_x0h, v_qh0h);
+        const int8x16_t v_x1lf = vec_sub(v_x1l, v_qh1l);
+        const int8x16_t v_x1hf = vec_sub(v_x1h, v_qh1h);
+
+        const int8x16_t v_y0l = vec_xl(0,       (const int8_t *)y0->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_y0h = vec_xl(QK8_0/2, (const int8_t *)y0->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_y1l = vec_xl(0,       (const int8_t *)y1->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_y1h = vec_xl(QK8_0/2, (const int8_t *)y1->qs);
+
+        const int32x4_t v_xy0 = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(vec_splats(0), v_x0lf, v_y0l), v_x0hf, v_y0h);
+        const int32x4_t v_xy1 = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(vec_splats(0), v_x1lf, v_y1l), v_x1hf, v_y1h);
+
+        const float32x4_t v_xy0f = vec_float(v_xy0);
+        const float32x4_t v_xy1f = vec_float(v_xy1);
+
+        const float32x4_t v_d0 = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
+        const float32x4_t v_d1 = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
+
+        v_sum0 = vec_madd(v_xy0f, v_d0, v_sum0);
+        v_sum1 = vec_madd(v_xy1f, v_d1, v_sum1);
+    }
+
+    sumf += vec_hsum(v_sum0) + vec_hsum(v_sum1);
+
+    #pragma GCC unroll 4
+    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
+        const block_q5_0 * GGML_RESTRICT x0 = &x[ib];
+        const block_q8_0 * GGML_RESTRICT y0 = &y[ib];
+
+        uint32_t qh;
+        memcpy(&qh, x0->qh, sizeof(qh));
+
+        uint64_t tmp[4];
+        tmp[0] = table_b2b_1[(qh >>  0) & 0xFF];
+        tmp[1] = table_b2b_1[(qh >>  8) & 0xFF];
+        tmp[2] = table_b2b_1[(qh >> 16) & 0xFF];
+        tmp[3] = table_b2b_1[(qh >> 24)       ];
+
+        int8x16_t v_qhl = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp + 0));
+        int8x16_t v_qhh = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp + 2));
+
+        // required for fixing the byteorder
+        v_qhl = vec_perm(v_qhl, v_qhl, v_kperm);
+        v_qhh = vec_perm(v_qhh, v_qhh, v_kperm);
+
+        const uint8x16_t v_x = vec_xl(0, (const uint8_t *)x0->qs);
+        int8x16_t v_xl = (int8x16_t)vec_and(v_x, v_m);
+        int8x16_t v_xh = (int8x16_t)vec_sr(v_x, 4);
+
+        const int8x16_t v_xlf = vec_sub(v_xl, v_qhl);
+        const int8x16_t v_xhf = vec_sub(v_xh, v_qhh);
+
+        const int8x16_t v_yl = vec_xl(0,       (const int8_t *)y0->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_yh = vec_xl(QK8_0/2, (const int8_t *)y0->qs);
+
+        const int32x4_t v_xy = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(vec_splats(0), v_xlf, v_yl), v_xhf, v_yh);
+        const float32x4_t v_xyf = vec_float(v_xy);
+
+        const float32x4_t v_d = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
+        const float32x4_t v_acc = vec_madd(v_xyf, v_d, vec_splats(0.0f));
+
+        sumf += vec_hsum(v_acc);
+    }
+
+    *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
+}
+
+void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
+    const int qk = QK8_1;
+    const int nb = n / qk;
+
+    assert(n % qk == 0);
+    assert(qk == QK5_1);
+    assert(nrc == 1);
+    UNUSED(nrc);
+    UNUSED(bx);
+    UNUSED(by);
+    UNUSED(bs);
+
+    const block_q5_1 * GGML_RESTRICT x = vx;
+    const block_q8_1 * GGML_RESTRICT y = vy;
+
+    int ib = 0;
+    float sumf = 0.0f;
+
+#if defined(__VXE__) || defined(__VXE2__)
+    float32x4_t v_sum0 = vec_splats(0.0f);
+    float32x4_t v_sum1 = vec_splats(0.0f);
+
+    float summs0 = 0.0f;
+    float summs1 = 0.0f;
+
+    uint32_t qh0;
+    uint32_t qh1;
+
+    uint64_t tmp0[4];
+    uint64_t tmp1[4];
+
+    const uint8x16_t v_m = vec_splats((uint8_t)0x0F);
+
+    #pragma GCC unroll 4
+    for (; ib + 1 < nb; ib += 2) {
+        const block_q5_1 * GGML_RESTRICT x0 = &x[ib + 0];
+        const block_q5_1 * GGML_RESTRICT x1 = &x[ib + 1];
+        const block_q8_1 * GGML_RESTRICT y0 = &y[ib + 0];
+        const block_q8_1 * GGML_RESTRICT y1 = &y[ib + 1];
+
+        summs0 += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->s);
+        summs1 += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->s);
+
+        memcpy(&qh0, x0->qh, sizeof(qh0));
+        memcpy(&qh1, x1->qh, sizeof(qh1));
+
+        tmp0[0] = table_b2b_0[(qh0 >>  0) & 0xFF];
+        tmp0[1] = table_b2b_0[(qh0 >>  8) & 0xFF];
+        tmp0[2] = table_b2b_0[(qh0 >> 16) & 0xFF];
+        tmp0[3] = table_b2b_0[(qh0 >> 24)       ];
+
+        tmp1[0] = table_b2b_0[(qh1 >>  0) & 0xFF];
+        tmp1[1] = table_b2b_0[(qh1 >>  8) & 0xFF];
+        tmp1[2] = table_b2b_0[(qh1 >> 16) & 0xFF];
+        tmp1[3] = table_b2b_0[(qh1 >> 24)       ];
+
+        int8x16_t v_qh0l = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp0 + 0));
+        int8x16_t v_qh0h = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp0 + 2));
+        int8x16_t v_qh1l = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp1 + 0));
+        int8x16_t v_qh1h = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp1 + 2));
+
+        // required for fixing the byteorder
+        v_qh0l = vec_perm(v_qh0l, v_qh0l, v_kperm);
+        v_qh0h = vec_perm(v_qh0h, v_qh0h, v_kperm);
+        v_qh1l = vec_perm(v_qh1l, v_qh1l, v_kperm);
+        v_qh1h = vec_perm(v_qh1h, v_qh1h, v_kperm);
+
+        const uint8x16_t v_x0 = vec_xl(0, x0->qs);
+        const uint8x16_t v_x1 = vec_xl(0, x1->qs);
+
+        const int8x16_t v_x0l = (int8x16_t)vec_and(v_x0, v_m);
+        const int8x16_t v_x0h = (int8x16_t)vec_sr(v_x0, 4);
+        const int8x16_t v_x1l = (int8x16_t)vec_and(v_x1, v_m);
+        const int8x16_t v_x1h = (int8x16_t)vec_sr(v_x1, 4);
+
+        const int8x16_t v_x0lf = vec_or(v_x0l, v_qh0l);
+        const int8x16_t v_x0hf = vec_or(v_x0h, v_qh0h);
+        const int8x16_t v_x1lf = vec_or(v_x1l, v_qh1l);
+        const int8x16_t v_x1hf = vec_or(v_x1h, v_qh1h);
+
+        const int8x16_t v_y0l = vec_xl(0      , y0->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_y0h = vec_xl(QK8_1/2, y0->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_y1l = vec_xl(0      , y1->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_y1h = vec_xl(QK8_1/2, y1->qs);
+
+        const int32x4_t v_xy0 = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(vec_splats(0), v_x0lf, v_y0l), v_x0hf, v_y0h);
+        const int32x4_t v_xy1 = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(vec_splats(0), v_x1lf, v_y1l), v_x1hf, v_y1h);
+
+        const float32x4_t v_xy0f = vec_float(v_xy0);
+        const float32x4_t v_xy1f = vec_float(v_xy1);
+
+        const float32x4_t v_d0 = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
+        const float32x4_t v_d1 = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
+
+        v_sum0 = vec_madd(v_xy0f, v_d0, v_sum0);
+        v_sum1 = vec_madd(v_xy1f, v_d1, v_sum1);
+    }
+
+    sumf += vec_hsum(v_sum0) + vec_hsum(v_sum1) + summs0 + summs1;
+
+    #pragma GCC unroll 4
+    for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
+        const block_q5_1 * GGML_RESTRICT x0 = &x[ib];
+        const block_q8_1 * GGML_RESTRICT y0 = &y[ib];
+
+        float summs = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->m) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->s);
+
+        uint32_t qh;
+        memcpy(&qh, x0->qh, sizeof(qh));
+
+        uint64_t tmp[4];
+        tmp[0] = table_b2b_0[(qh >>  0) & 0xFF];
+        tmp[1] = table_b2b_0[(qh >>  8) & 0xFF];
+        tmp[2] = table_b2b_0[(qh >> 16) & 0xFF];
+        tmp[3] = table_b2b_0[(qh >> 24)       ];
+
+        int8x16_t v_qhl = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp + 0));
+        int8x16_t v_qhh = vec_xl(0, (const int8_t *)(tmp + 2));
+
+        // required for fixing the byteorder
+        v_qhl = vec_perm(v_qhl, v_qhl, v_kperm);
+        v_qhh = vec_perm(v_qhh, v_qhh, v_kperm);
+
+        const uint8x16_t v_x = vec_xl(0, x0->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_xl = (int8x16_t)vec_and(v_x, v_m);
+        const int8x16_t v_xh = (int8x16_t)vec_sr(v_x, 4);
+
+        const int8x16_t v_xlf = vec_or(v_xl, v_qhl);
+        const int8x16_t v_xhf = vec_or(v_xh, v_qhh);
+
+        const int8x16_t v_yl = vec_xl(0      , y0->qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_yh = vec_xl(QK8_1/2, y0->qs);
+
+        const int32x4_t v_xy = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(vec_splats(0), v_xlf, v_yl), v_xhf, v_yh);
+        const float32x4_t v_xyf = vec_float(v_xy);
+
+        const float32x4_t v_d = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
+        const float32x4_t v_acc = vec_madd(v_xyf, v_d, v_acc);
+
+        sumf += vec_hsum(v_acc) + summs;
+    }
+
+    *s = sumf;
+#else
+    UNUSED(nb);
+    UNUSED(x);
+    UNUSED(y);
+    UNUSED(ib);
+    UNUSED(sumf);
+    ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1_generic(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
+#endif
+}
+
 void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
     const int qk = QK8_0;
     const int nb = n / qk;

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu-impl.h

@@ -486,6 +486,14 @@ inline static int16x8_t vec_padd_s16(int16x8_t a, int16x8_t b) {
     return v_abo + v_abe;
 }
 
+/**
+ * @see https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/14037
+ */
+inline static float vec_hsum(float32x4_t v) {
+    float32x4_t v_temp = v + vec_reve(v);
+    return v_temp[0] + v_temp[1];
+}
+
 inline static int32x4_t ggml_vec_dot(int32x4_t acc, int8x16_t a, int8x16_t b) {
     const int16x8_t p = vec_mule(a, b) + vec_mulo(a, b);
     return acc + (vec_unpackh(p) + vec_unpackl(p));

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.c

@@ -1880,6 +1880,10 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggm
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_conv_2d(params, tensor);
             } break;
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_3D:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_conv_3d(params, tensor);
+            } break;
         case GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW:
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_conv_2d_dw(params, tensor);
@@ -2252,6 +2256,7 @@ static int ggml_get_n_tasks(struct ggml_tensor * node, int n_threads) {
         case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
         case GGML_OP_IM2COL_BACK:
         case GGML_OP_CONV_2D:
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_3D:
         case GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW:
         case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D:
         case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D:
@@ -2773,6 +2778,7 @@ struct ggml_cplan ggml_graph_plan(
                         }
                     } break;
                 case GGML_OP_CONV_2D:
+                case GGML_OP_CONV_3D:
                     {
                         cur = GGML_IM2COL_WORK_SIZE;
                     } break;

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kernels.cpp

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 #include "kai_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme.h"
 #include "kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32.h"
+#include "kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon.h"
 #include "kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon.h"
 
 #include "kai_rhs_pack_kxn_bf16p2vlx2b_f32_x32_sme.h"
@@ -127,6 +128,12 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1vlx4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1vlx4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
         },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon,
+            /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon,
+            /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon,
+            /* .pack_func             = */ kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon,
+        },
         /* SME GEMV */
         /* .kern_info = */ {
             /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot,
@@ -141,7 +148,7 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot,
         },
-        /* .lhs_info = */ {
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
             /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon,
             /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon,
             /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon,
@@ -173,6 +180,12 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
         },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme,
+            /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme,
+            /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme,
+            /* .pack_func             = */ kai_run_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme,
+        },
         /* SME GEMV */
         /* .kern_info = */ {
             /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
@@ -187,7 +200,7 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
         },
-        /* .lhs_info = */ {
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
             /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme,
             /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme,
             /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme,
@@ -222,6 +235,12 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
         },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+            /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+            /* .pack_func             = */ kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+        },
         /* DOTPROD GEMV */
         /* .kern_info = */ {
             /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
@@ -236,7 +255,7 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
         },
-        /* .lhs_info = */ {
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
             /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
             /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
             /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
@@ -270,6 +289,12 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
         },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon,
+            /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon,
+            /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon,
+            /* .pack_func             = */ kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon,
+        },
         /* i8mm GEMV */
         /* .kern_info = */ {
             /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
@@ -284,7 +309,7 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
         },
-        /* .lhs_info = */ {
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
             /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
             /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
             /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
@@ -319,6 +344,12 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
         },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon,
+            /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon,
+            /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon,
+            /* .pack_func             = */ kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon,
+        },
         /* i8mm GEMV */
         /* .kern_info = */ {
             /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
@@ -333,7 +364,7 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
         },
-        /* .lhs_info = */ {
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
             /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
             /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
             /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
@@ -367,6 +398,12 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
         },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+            /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+            /* .pack_func             = */ kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+        },
         /* DOTPROD GEMV */
         /* .kern_info = */ {
             /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
@@ -381,7 +418,7 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
         },
-        /* .lhs_info = */ {
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
             /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
             /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
             /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kernels.h

@@ -84,8 +84,11 @@ struct rhs_packing_info {
 
 struct ggml_kleidiai_kernels {
     kernel_info gemm;
+    lhs_packing_info gemm_lhs_info;
+
     kernel_info gemv;
-    lhs_packing_info lhs_info;
+    lhs_packing_info gemv_lhs_info;
+
     rhs_packing_info rhs_info;
 
     cpu_feature required_cpu;

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kleidiai.cpp

@@ -123,7 +123,9 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
         }
         ggml_kleidiai_kernels *kernels = ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(ctx.features, op);
         GGML_ASSERT(kernels);
-        kernel_info * kernel = op->src[1]->ne[1] == 1 ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
+        bool is_gemv = op->src[1]->ne[1] == 1;
+        kernel_info * kernel = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
+        lhs_packing_info * lhs_info = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv_lhs_info : &kernels->gemm_lhs_info;
 
         size_t k = op->src[0]->ne[0];
         size_t n = op->src[0]->ne[1];
@@ -134,9 +136,9 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
         size_t sr = kernel->get_sr();
 
         if (kernels->rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
-            size = variant_call<size_t>(kernels->lhs_info.packed_size, m, k, QK4_0, mr, kr, sr);
+            size = variant_call<size_t>(lhs_info->packed_size, m, k, QK4_0, mr, kr, sr);
         } else if (kernels->rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-            size = variant_call<size_t>(kernels->lhs_info.packed_size, m, k, mr, kr, sr) +
+            size = variant_call<size_t>(lhs_info->packed_size, m, k, mr, kr, sr) +
                    variant_call<size_t>(kernels->rhs_info.packed_size, n, k) +
                    k * n * sizeof(float) + n * sizeof(float);
         } else {
@@ -173,7 +175,9 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
         ggml_kleidiai_kernels *kernels = ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(ctx.features, dst);
         GGML_ASSERT(kernels);
 
-        kernel_info * kernel = src1->ne[1] == 1 ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
+        bool is_gemv = src1->ne[1] == 1;
+        kernel_info * kernel = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
+        lhs_packing_info * lhs_info = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv_lhs_info : &kernels->gemm_lhs_info;
         GGML_ASSERT(kernel);
 
         const int nth = params->nth;
@@ -198,7 +202,7 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
         const int64_t kr = static_cast<int64_t>(kernel->get_kr());
         const int64_t sr = static_cast<int64_t>(kernel->get_sr());
 
-        const size_t lhs_packed_size = variant_call<size_t>(kernels->lhs_info.packed_size, m, k, mr, kr, sr);
+        const size_t lhs_packed_size = variant_call<size_t>(lhs_info->packed_size, m, k, mr, kr, sr);
         const size_t rhs_packed_size = variant_call<size_t>(kernels->rhs_info.packed_size, n, k);
         const size_t kxn_size        = k * n * sizeof(float);
         const size_t bias_size       = n * sizeof(float);
@@ -229,12 +233,12 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
                     const int64_t num_m_per_thread = (ith == num_threads - 1) ? num_m_per_threadN_1 : num_m_per_thread0;
 
                     const size_t lhs_offset        = variant_call<size_t>(kernels->gemm.get_lhs_offset, m_start, lhs_stride);
-                    const size_t lhs_packed_offset = variant_call<size_t>(kernels->lhs_info.get_packed_offset, m_start, k, mr, kr, sr);
+                    const size_t lhs_packed_offset = variant_call<size_t>(lhs_info->get_packed_offset, m_start, k, mr, kr, sr);
 
                     const void * src_ptr = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(lhs_batch) + lhs_offset;
                     void * dst_ptr       = static_cast<uint8_t *>(lhs_packed) + lhs_packed_offset;
 
-                    variant_call<void>(kernels->lhs_info.pack_func, num_m_per_thread, k, mr, kr, sr, 0, src_ptr, lhs_stride, dst_ptr);
+                    variant_call<void>(lhs_info->pack_func, num_m_per_thread, k, mr, kr, sr, 0, src_ptr, lhs_stride, dst_ptr);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -306,8 +310,9 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
         ggml_kleidiai_kernels *kernels = ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(ctx.features, dst);
         GGML_ASSERT(kernels);
 
-        kernel_info * kernel = src1->ne[1] == 1 ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
-        lhs_packing_info * lhs_info = &kernels->lhs_info;
+        bool is_gemv = src1->ne[1] == 1;
+        kernel_info * kernel = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
+        lhs_packing_info * lhs_info = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv_lhs_info : &kernels->gemm_lhs_info;
 
         GGML_ASSERT(kernel);
 

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/llamafile/sgemm.cpp

@@ -2177,12 +2177,36 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
     }
 
     void matmul(int64_t m, int64_t n) {
+        int64_t mc = 256; int64_t nc = 256; int64_t kc = 256;
+        if (m % mc == 0 && n % nc == 0 && k % kc == 0) {
+            matmul_tiled(m, n, mc, nc, kc);
+        } else {
             mnpack(0, m, 0, n);
         }
+    }
 
   private:
 
-    void (tinyBLAS_PPC::*kernel)(int64_t, int64_t);
+    inline void save_acc(acc_t * ACC, int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        vec_t vec_C[4];
+        __builtin_mma_disassemble_acc(vec_C, ACC);
+        for (int I = 0; I < 4; I++) {
+            for (int J = 0; J < 4; J++) {
+                *((float *)(C+ii+((jj+J)*ldc)+I)) = *((float *)&vec_C[I]+J);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    inline void add_save_acc(acc_t * ACC, int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        vec_t vec_C[4];
+        __builtin_mma_disassemble_acc(vec_C, ACC);
+        for (int I = 0; I < 4; I++) {
+            for (int J = 0; J < 4; J++) {
+                float * c_ptr = (float *)(C+ii+((jj+J)*ldc)+I);
+                *c_ptr += *((float *)&vec_C[I]+J);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
     inline void vector_permute_store_4(vector float * src, float * vecOffset) {
         vector float t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8;
@@ -2247,7 +2271,6 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
         boffset = vec;
         j = (rows >> 3);
         if (j > 0) {
-
             do {
                 aoffsets[0] = aoffset;
                 for (int it = 1; it < 8; it++)
@@ -2265,10 +2288,13 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
 
                         vector_permute_store_8(c1, boffset);
                         vector_permute_store_8(c2, boffset + 32);
-                        for (int it = 0; it < 4; it++)
-                            aoffsets[it] = aoffsets[it] + 8*lda;
                         boffset += 64;
                         i--;
+                        if (i > 0) {
+                           for (int it = 0; it < 8; it++) {
+                               aoffsets[it] = aoffsets[it] + 8;
+                           }
+                        }
                     } while(i > 0);
                 }
                 if (cols & 4) {
@@ -2333,7 +2359,7 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[2], vec_B[2]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[3], vec_B[3]);
         }
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_0, ii, jj);
+        save_acc(&acc_0, ii, jj);
     }
 
     void KERNEL_4x8(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
@@ -2353,8 +2379,8 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[3], (vec_t)vec_B[6]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_1, vec_A[3], (vec_t)vec_B[7]);
         }
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_0, ii, jj);
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_1, ii, jj+4);
+        save_acc(&acc_0, ii, jj);
+        save_acc(&acc_1, ii, jj + 4);
     }
 
     void KERNEL_8x4(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
@@ -2374,8 +2400,8 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, (vec_t)vec_A[6], vec_B[3]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_1, (vec_t)vec_A[7], vec_B[3]);
         }
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_0, ii, jj);
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_1, ii+4, jj);
+        save_acc(&acc_0, ii, jj);
+        save_acc(&acc_1, ii + 4, jj);
     }
 
     void KERNEL_8x8(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
@@ -2395,10 +2421,87 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
                 __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_3, (vec_t)vec_A[x + 1], vec_B[x + 1]);
             }
         }
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_0, ii, jj);
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_1, ii, jj+4);
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_2, ii+4, jj);
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_3, ii+4, jj+4);
+        save_acc(&acc_0, ii, jj);
+        save_acc(&acc_1, ii, jj + 4);
+        save_acc(&acc_2, ii + 4, jj);
+        save_acc(&acc_3, ii + 4, jj + 4);
+    }
+
+    inline void MMA_16x8(vec_t * vec_A0, vec_t * vec_A1, vec_t * vec_B, acc_t * acc) {
+        for (int x = 0; x < 16; x += 2) {
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[0], vec_A0[x + 0], vec_B[x]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[1], vec_A0[x + 0], vec_B[x + 1]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[2], vec_A0[x + 1], vec_B[x]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[3], vec_A0[x + 1], vec_B[x + 1]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[4], vec_A1[x + 0], vec_B[x]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[5], vec_A1[x + 0], vec_B[x + 1]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[6], vec_A1[x + 1], vec_B[x]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[7], vec_A1[x + 1], vec_B[x + 1]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void KERNEL(int64_t ii, int64_t jj, int64_t mc, int64_t nc, int64_t kc, vec_t * vec_A, vec_t * vec_B, int64_t kk) {
+        for (int64_t i = 0; i < mc; i += 16) {
+            int A_base_addr = (mc / 8) * (i / 8) * 16;
+            for (int64_t j = 0; j < nc; j += 8) {
+                 int B_base_addr = (nc / 8) * (j / 8) * 16;
+                 acc_t acc[8];
+                 vec_t A0_block[16]; vec_t A1_block[16];
+                 for (int x = 0; x < 8; x++)
+                     __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc[x]);
+                 for (int64_t l = 0; l < kc; l += 8) {
+                     int A0_block_idx = A_base_addr + (l / 8) * 16;
+                     int A1_block_idx = A0_block_idx + (mc / 8) * 16;
+                     int B_block_idx = B_base_addr + (l / 8) * 16;
+                     vec_t* A0_block = &vec_A[A0_block_idx];
+                     vec_t* A1_block = &vec_A[A1_block_idx];
+                     vec_t* B_block = &vec_B[B_block_idx];
+                     MMA_16x8(A0_block, A1_block, B_block, acc);
+                 }
+                 if (kk == 0) {
+                     save_acc(&acc[0], ii + i, jj + j);
+                     save_acc(&acc[1], ii + i, jj + j + 4);
+                     save_acc(&acc[2], ii + i + 4, jj + j);
+                     save_acc(&acc[3], ii + i + 4, jj + j + 4);
+                     save_acc(&acc[4], ii + i + 8, jj + j);
+                     save_acc(&acc[5], ii + i + 8, jj + j + 4);
+                     save_acc(&acc[6], ii + i + 12, jj + j);
+                     save_acc(&acc[7], ii + i + 12, jj + j + 4);
+                 } else {
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[0], ii + i, jj + j);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[1], ii + i, jj + j + 4);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[2], ii + i + 4, jj + j);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[3], ii + i + 4, jj + j + 4);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[4], ii + i + 8, jj + j);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[5], ii + i + 8, jj + j + 4);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[6], ii + i + 12, jj + j);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[7], ii + i + 12, jj + j + 4);
+                 }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void matmul_tiled(int64_t m , int64_t n, int64_t mc, int64_t nc, int64_t kc) {
+        int64_t ytiles = m / mc;
+        int64_t xtiles = n / nc;
+        int64_t tiles = xtiles * ytiles;
+        int64_t duty = (tiles + nth - 1) / nth;
+        int64_t start = duty * ith;
+        int64_t end = start + duty;
+        if (end > tiles) {
+            end = tiles;
+        }
+        for (int64_t job = start; job < end; ++job) {
+            int64_t ii = (job / xtiles) * mc;
+            int64_t jj = (job % xtiles) * nc;
+            for (int64_t kk = 0; kk < k; kk += kc) {
+                 vec_t A_pack[kc * mc / 4];
+                 vec_t B_pack[kc * nc / 4];
+                 packTranspose(A + (ii * lda) + kk, lda, kc, mc, (float *)A_pack);
+                 packTranspose(B + (jj * ldb) + kk, ldb, kc, nc, (float *)B_pack);
+                 KERNEL(ii, jj, mc, nc, kc, A_pack, B_pack, kk);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     void mnpack(int64_t m0, int64_t m, int64_t n0, int64_t n) {
@@ -2449,7 +2552,7 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
             vec_t vec_C[4];
             acc_t acc_0;
             __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_0);
-            vec_t vec_A[4] {0}, vec_B[4] = {0};
+            vec_t vec_A[4] = {0}, vec_B[4] = {0};
             for (int l = 0; l < k; l += 4) {
                 /* 'GEMV Forwarding' concept is used in first two conditional loops.
                  * when one of the matrix has a single row/column, the elements are
@@ -2488,6 +2591,21 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
        }
     }
 
+    template<int RM, int RN>
+    inline void kernel(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        if constexpr(RM == 4 && RN == 4) {
+            KERNEL_4x4(ii, jj);
+        } else if constexpr(RM == 4 && RN == 8) {
+            KERNEL_4x8(ii, jj);
+        } else if constexpr(RM == 8 && RN == 4) {
+            KERNEL_8x4(ii, jj);
+        } else if constexpr(RM == 8 && RN == 8) {
+            KERNEL_8x8(ii, jj);
+        } else {
+            static_assert(false, "RN/RM values not supported");
+        }
+    }
+
     template <int RM, int RN>
     NOINLINE void gemm(int64_t m0, int64_t m, int64_t n0, int64_t n) {
         int64_t ytiles = (m - m0) / RM;
@@ -2496,21 +2614,12 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
         int64_t duty = (tiles + nth - 1) / nth;
         int64_t start = duty * ith;
         int64_t end = start + duty;
-        if (RM == 4 && RN == 4) {
-            kernel = &tinyBLAS_PPC::KERNEL_4x4;
-        } else if (RM == 4 && RN == 8) {
-            kernel = &tinyBLAS_PPC::KERNEL_4x8;
-        } else if (RM == 8 && RN == 4) {
-            kernel = &tinyBLAS_PPC::KERNEL_8x4;
-        } else if (RM == 8 && RN == 8) {
-            kernel = &tinyBLAS_PPC::KERNEL_8x8;
-        }
         if (end > tiles)
             end = tiles;
         for (int64_t job = start; job < end; ++job) {
             int64_t ii = m0 + job / xtiles * RM;
             int64_t jj = n0 + job % xtiles * RN;
-            (this->*kernel)(ii, jj);
+            kernel<RM, RN>(ii, jj);
         }
     }
 

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ops.cpp

@@ -7207,6 +7207,148 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_conv_2d(
     ggml_compute_forward_conv_2d_impl(params, src0, src1, dst, src0->type);
 }
 
+// ggml_compute_forward_conv_3d
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_conv_3d_impl(const ggml_compute_params * params,
+                                              const ggml_tensor *         kernel,
+                                              const ggml_tensor *         src,
+                                              ggml_tensor *               dst,
+                                              ggml_type                   kernel_type) {
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(kernel));
+    GGML_ASSERT(kernel_type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || kernel_type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(kernel->type == kernel_type);
+
+    const ggml_type_traits * traits = ggml_get_type_traits(kernel_type);
+
+    const int32_t s0 = dst->op_params[0];
+    const int32_t s1 = dst->op_params[1];
+    const int32_t s2 = dst->op_params[2];
+    const int32_t p0 = dst->op_params[3];
+    const int32_t p1 = dst->op_params[4];
+    const int32_t p2 = dst->op_params[5];
+    const int32_t d0 = dst->op_params[6];
+    const int32_t d1 = dst->op_params[7];
+    const int32_t d2 = dst->op_params[8];
+    const int32_t c  = dst->op_params[9];
+    const int32_t n  = dst->op_params[10];
+    const int32_t oc = dst->op_params[11];
+
+    const int64_t src_w = src->ne[0];
+    const int64_t src_h = src->ne[1];
+    const int64_t src_d = src->ne[2];
+    const int64_t knl_w = kernel->ne[0];
+    const int64_t knl_h = kernel->ne[1];
+    const int64_t knl_d = kernel->ne[2];
+    const int64_t dst_w = dst->ne[0];
+    const int64_t dst_h = dst->ne[1];
+    const int64_t dst_d = dst->ne[2];
+
+    const float * src_data = (float *) src->data;
+    void  * knl_data       = kernel->data;
+    float * dst_data       = (float *) dst->data;
+
+    const int64_t knl_n_per_channel = knl_w * knl_h * knl_d;
+    const int64_t knl_n_total       = knl_n_per_channel * c;
+    const int64_t patch_total       = n * dst_w * dst_h * dst_d;
+
+    const int64_t space_per_patch   = knl_n_total * traits->type_size + oc * sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t batch_size        = params->wsize / space_per_patch;
+    const int64_t patches_per_batch = batch_size > 8 ? (batch_size / 8) * 8 : batch_size;
+    const int64_t batch_n           = (patch_total + patches_per_batch - 1) / patches_per_batch;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(patches_per_batch > 0 && batch_size >= 1);
+
+    void * tmp = params->wdata;
+
+    for (int64_t batch_i = 0; batch_i < batch_n; ++batch_i) {
+        const int64_t patch_start_batch = batch_i * patches_per_batch;
+        const int64_t patch_end_batch   = std::min(patch_start_batch + patches_per_batch, patch_total);
+        const int64_t patch_n_in_batch  = patch_end_batch - patch_start_batch;
+
+        const int64_t patch_per_thread  = (patch_n_in_batch + params->nth - 1) / params->nth;
+        const int64_t patch_start       = patch_start_batch + params->ith * patch_per_thread;
+        const int64_t patch_end         = std::min(patch_start + patch_per_thread, patch_end_batch);
+
+        for (int64_t p = patch_start; p < patch_end; ++p) {
+            const int64_t p_in_batch = p % (dst_w * dst_h * dst_d);
+            const int64_t p_in_depth = p_in_batch % (dst_w * dst_h);
+            const int64_t batch_idx  = p / (dst_w * dst_h * dst_d);
+            const int64_t dst_z      = p_in_batch / (dst_w * dst_h);
+            const int64_t dst_y      = p_in_depth / dst_w;
+            const int64_t dst_x      = p_in_depth % dst_w;
+
+            char * dst_row = (char *) tmp + (p % patches_per_batch) * knl_n_total * traits->type_size;
+
+            for (int64_t ic = 0; ic < c; ++ic) {
+                for (int64_t kz = 0; kz < knl_d; ++kz) {
+                    for (int64_t ky = 0; ky < knl_h; ++ky) {
+                        for (int64_t kx = 0; kx < knl_w; ++kx) {
+                            const int64_t sz = dst_z * s2 + kz * d2 - p2;
+                            const int64_t sy = dst_y * s1 + ky * d1 - p1;
+                            const int64_t sx = dst_x * s0 + kx * d0 - p0;
+
+                            int64_t dst_idx = ic * knl_n_per_channel + kz * (knl_h * knl_w) + ky * knl_w + kx;
+
+                            float src_val;
+                            if (sz < 0 || sz >= src_d || sy < 0 || sy >= src_h || sx < 0 || sx >= src_w) {
+                                src_val = 0.0f;
+                            } else {
+                                const int64_t cn_idx = batch_idx * c + ic;
+                                const float * src_ptr = (const float *)((const char *)src_data + sx*src->nb[0] + sy*src->nb[1] + sz*src->nb[2] + cn_idx*src->nb[3]);
+                                src_val = *src_ptr;
+                            }
+
+                            char * element_ptr = dst_row + dst_idx * traits->type_size;
+                            if (kernel_type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                                *(float *)element_ptr = src_val;
+                            } else if (kernel_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+                                *(ggml_fp16_t *)element_ptr = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(src_val);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
+
+        float * gemm_output = (float *) ((char *) tmp + patches_per_batch * knl_n_total * traits->type_size);
+        ggml_call_mul_mat(kernel_type, params, patch_n_in_batch, oc, knl_n_total, tmp, knl_data, gemm_output);
+
+        ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
+
+        const int64_t permute_per_thread = (patch_n_in_batch + params->nth - 1) / params->nth;
+        const int64_t permute_start = params->ith * permute_per_thread;
+        const int64_t permute_end = std::min(permute_start + permute_per_thread, patch_n_in_batch);
+
+        for (int64_t i = permute_start; i < permute_end; ++i) {
+            const int64_t p = patch_start_batch + i;
+            const int64_t p_in_batch = p % (dst_w * dst_h * dst_d);
+            const int64_t p_in_depth = p_in_batch % (dst_w * dst_h);
+            const int64_t batch_idx  = p / (dst_w * dst_h * dst_d);
+            const int64_t dst_z      = p_in_batch / (dst_w * dst_h);
+            const int64_t dst_y      = p_in_depth / dst_w;
+            const int64_t dst_x      = p_in_depth % dst_w;
+
+            for (int64_t ioc = 0; ioc < oc; ++ioc) {
+                const float value = gemm_output[i * oc + ioc];
+                const int64_t ocn_idx = batch_idx * oc + ioc;
+                float * dst_ptr = (float *)((char *)dst_data + dst_x*dst->nb[0] + dst_y*dst->nb[1] + dst_z*dst->nb[2] + ocn_idx*dst->nb[3]);
+                *dst_ptr = value;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_conv_3d(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    ggml_compute_forward_conv_3d_impl(params, src0, src1, dst, src0->type);
+}
+
 // ggml_compute_forward_conv_transpose_2d
 
 void ggml_compute_forward_conv_transpose_2d(
@@ -8861,8 +9003,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32(
     GGML_ASSERT(src4->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
     GGML_ASSERT(src5->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
     GGML_ASSERT(src6->nb[0] == sizeof(int32_t));
-    // allows optimizing the modulo since n_group should be a power of 2
-    GGML_ASSERT((ng & -ng) == ng);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nh % ng == 0);
 
     // heads per thread
     const int dh = (nh + nth - 1)/nth;
@@ -8893,6 +9034,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32(
                     // ref: https://github.com/state-spaces/mamba/blob/62db608da60f6fc790b8ed9f4b3225e95ca15fde/mamba_ssm/ops/triton/softplus.py#L16
                     const float dt_soft_plus = dt[h] <= 20.0f ? log1pf(expf(dt[h])) : dt[h];
                     const float dA = expf(dt_soft_plus * A[h]);
+                    const int g = h / (nh / ng); // repeat_interleave
 
                     // dim
                     for (int i1 = 0; i1 < nr; ++i1) {
@@ -8915,8 +9057,8 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32(
                             // TODO: maybe unroll more?
                             for (int j = 0; j < 1; j++) {
                                 GGML_F32_VEC t0 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(s0 + i + j*ggml_f32_epr + ii*nc);
-                                GGML_F32_VEC t1 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(B + i + j*ggml_f32_epr + (h & (ng - 1))*nc);
-                                GGML_F32_VEC t2 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(C + i + j*ggml_f32_epr + (h & (ng - 1))*nc);
+                                GGML_F32_VEC t1 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(B + i + j*ggml_f32_epr + g*nc);
+                                GGML_F32_VEC t2 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(C + i + j*ggml_f32_epr + g*nc);
 
                                 t0 = GGML_F32_VEC_MUL(t0, adA);
                                 t1 = GGML_F32_VEC_MUL(t1, axdt);
@@ -8930,6 +9072,9 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32(
                         }
 
                         sumf = GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_ONE(sum);
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+                        // todo: RVV implementation
+                        const int np = 0;
     #else
                         const int np = (nc & ~(GGML_F32_STEP - 1));
 
@@ -8945,8 +9090,8 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32(
                         for (int i = 0; i < np; i += GGML_F32_STEP) {
                             for (int j = 0; j < GGML_F32_ARR; j++) {
                                 ax[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(s0 + i + j*GGML_F32_EPR + ii*nc);
-                                ay[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(B + i + j*GGML_F32_EPR + (h & (ng - 1))*nc);
-                                az[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(C + i + j*GGML_F32_EPR + (h & (ng - 1))*nc);
+                                ay[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(B + i + j*GGML_F32_EPR + g*nc);
+                                az[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(C + i + j*GGML_F32_EPR + g*nc);
 
                                 ax[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_MUL(ax[j], adA);
                                 ay[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_MUL(ay[j], axdt);
@@ -8968,7 +9113,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32(
                         // d_state
                         for (int i0 = np; i0 < nc; ++i0) {
                             const int i = i0 + ii*nc;
-                            const int ig = i0 + (h & (ng - 1))*nc;
+                            const int ig = i0 + g*nc;
                             // state = prev_state * dA + dB * x
                             const float state = (s0[i] * dA) + (B[ig] * x_dt);
                             // y = rowwise_dotprod(state, C)
@@ -8985,6 +9130,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32(
                 for (int h = ih0; h < ih1; ++h) {
                     // ref: https://github.com/state-spaces/mamba/blob/62db608da60f6fc790b8ed9f4b3225e95ca15fde/mamba_ssm/ops/triton/softplus.py#L16
                     const float dt_soft_plus = dt[h] <= 20.0f ? log1pf(expf(dt[h])) : dt[h];
+                    const int g = h / (nh / ng); // repeat_interleave
 
                     // dim
                     for (int i1 = 0; i1 < nr; ++i1) {
@@ -8999,8 +9145,8 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32(
                         // TODO: what happens when (d_state % svcntw()) != 0?
                         for (int64_t k = 0; k < nc; k += svcntw()) {
                             svfloat32_t vA = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(&A[h*nc + k]);
-                            svfloat32_t vB = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(&B[k + (h & (ng - 1))*nc]);
-                            svfloat32_t vC = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(&C[k + (h & (ng - 1))*nc]);
+                            svfloat32_t vB = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(&B[k + g*nc]);
+                            svfloat32_t vC = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(&C[k + g*nc]);
                             svfloat32_t vs0 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(&s0[ii*nc + k]);
 
                             svfloat32_t t1 = GGML_F32_VEC_MUL(vdt_soft_plus, vA);
@@ -9020,7 +9166,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32(
                         // d_state
                         for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nc; ++i0) {
                             const int i = i0 + ii*nc;
-                            const int ig = i0 + (h & (ng - 1))*nc;
+                            const int ig = i0 + g*nc;
                             // state = prev_state * dA + dB * x
                             const float state = (s0[i] * expf(dt_soft_plus * A[i0 + h*nc])) + (B[ig] * x_dt);
                             // y = rowwise_dotprod(state, C)
@@ -9881,8 +10027,8 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rwkv_wkv7_f32(
     int64_t h_stride_2d = head_size * head_size;
 
     #if defined(GGML_SIMD)
-        #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
-            // scalar Route to scalar implementation       //TODO: Write SVE code
+        #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE) || defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+            // scalar Route to scalar implementation       //TODO: Write SVE code and RVV code
             for (int64_t t = 0; t < T; t++) {
                 int64_t t_offset = t * t_stride;
                 int64_t state_offset = head_size * C * (t / (T / n_seqs));

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ops.h

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_conv_transpose_1d(const struct ggml_compute_params * p
 void ggml_compute_forward_im2col(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_im2col_back_f32(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_conv_2d(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_conv_3d(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_conv_transpose_2d(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_conv_2d_dw(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_pool_1d(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/simd-mappings.h

@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@
 #include <immintrin.h>
 #endif
 
+#if defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+#include <riscv_vector.h>
+#endif
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
@@ -94,24 +98,15 @@ extern "C" {
     }
 #elif defined(__riscv) && defined(__riscv_zfhmin)
     static inline float riscv_compute_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t h) {
-        float f;
-        __asm__(
-            "fmv.h.x %[f], %[h]\n\t"
-            "fcvt.s.h %[f], %[f]"
-            : [f] "=&f" (f)
-            : [h] "r" (h)
-        );
-        return f;
+        _Float16 hf;
+        memcpy(&hf, &h, sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+        return hf;
     }
 
     static inline ggml_fp16_t riscv_compute_fp32_to_fp16(float f) {
         ggml_fp16_t res;
-        __asm__(
-            "fcvt.h.s %[f], %[f]\n\t"
-            "fmv.x.h %[h], %[f]"
-            : [h] "=&r" (res)
-            : [f] "f" (f)
-        );
+        _Float16 hf = (_Float16)f;
+        memcpy(&res, &hf, sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
         return res;
     }
 
@@ -1170,6 +1165,36 @@ static inline void __lzs_f16cx4_store(ggml_fp16_t * x, float32x4_t v_y) {
 #define GGML_F16_VEC_MUL            GGML_F32x4_MUL
 #define GGML_F16_VEC_REDUCE         GGML_F32x4_REDUCE
 
+#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+
+// compatible with vlen >= 128
+
+#define GGML_SIMD
+
+// F32
+
+#define GGML_F32_STEP 16
+#define GGML_F32_EPR  4
+
+#define GGML_F32x4              vfloat32m1_t
+#define GGML_F32x4_ZERO         __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.0f, GGML_F32_EPR)
+#define GGML_F32x4_SET1(x)      __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(x, GGML_F32_EPR)
+#define GGML_F32x4_LOAD(x)      __riscv_vle32_v_f32m1(x, GGML_F32_EPR)
+#define GGML_F32x4_STORE(b, v)  __riscv_vse32_v_f32m1(b, v, GGML_F32_EPR)
+#define GGML_F32x4_FMA(a, b, c) __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m1(a, b, c, GGML_F32_EPR)
+#define GGML_F32x4_ADD(a, b)    __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m1(a, b, GGML_F32_EPR)
+#define GGML_F32x4_MUL(a, b)    __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m1(a, b, GGML_F32_EPR)
+
+#define GGML_F32_VEC        GGML_F32x4
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_ZERO   GGML_F32x4_ZERO
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_SET1   GGML_F32x4_SET1
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD   GGML_F32x4_LOAD
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_STORE  GGML_F32x4_STORE
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_FMA    GGML_F32x4_FMA
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_ADD    GGML_F32x4_ADD
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_MUL    GGML_F32x4_MUL
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_REDUCE GGML_F32x4_REDUCE
+
 #endif
 
 // GGML_F32_ARR / GGML_F16_ARR

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/vec.cpp

@@ -84,6 +84,16 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_f32(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const float * G
         }
         // reduce sum1,sum2 to sum1
         GGML_F32_VEC_REDUCE(sumf, sum1, sum2, sum3, sum4, sum5, sum6, sum7, sum8);
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+        vfloat32m1_t vsum = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.0f, 1);
+        for (int i = 0, avl; i < n; i += avl) {
+            avl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(n - i);
+            vfloat32m8_t ax = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(&x[i], avl);
+            vfloat32m8_t ay = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(&y[i], avl);
+            vfloat32m8_t prod = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m8(ax, ay, avl);
+            vsum = __riscv_vfredusum_vs_f32m8_f32m1(prod, vsum, avl);
+        }
+        sumf += __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(vsum);
     #else
         const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F32_STEP - 1));
 
@@ -197,7 +207,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_f16(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, ggml_fp16_t * G
 
     ggml_float sumf = 0.0;
 
-#if defined(GGML_SIMD)
+#if defined(GGML_SIMD) && !defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
     const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F16_STEP - 1));
 
     GGML_F16_VEC sum[GGML_F16_ARR] = { GGML_F16_VEC_ZERO };
@@ -325,6 +335,15 @@ ggml_float ggml_vec_soft_max_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, float
         vst1q_f32(y + i, val);
         sum += (ggml_float)vaddvq_f32(val);
     }
+#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+    vfloat64m1_t vsum = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f64m1(0, 1);
+    for (int avl; i < n; i += avl) {
+        avl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m2(n - i);
+        vfloat32m2_t val = ggml_v_expf_m2(__riscv_vfsub_vf_f32m2(__riscv_vle32_v_f32m2(&x[i], avl), max, avl), avl);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(&y[i], val, avl);
+        vsum = __riscv_vfwredusum_vs_f32m2_f64m1(val, vsum, avl);
+    }
+    return (ggml_float)__riscv_vfmv_f_s_f64m1_f64(vsum);
 #endif
     for (; i < n; ++i) {
         float val = expf(x[i] - max);

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/vec.h

@@ -119,6 +119,14 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_dot_f16_unroll(const int n, const int xs, float * GG
     }
 
 #if defined(GGML_SIMD)
+#if defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+    // todo: RVV impl
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL; ++j) {
+            sumf[j] += (ggml_float)(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[j][i])*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
+        }
+    }
+#else
     const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F16_STEP - 1));
 
     GGML_F16_VEC sum[GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL][GGML_F16_ARR] = { { GGML_F16_VEC_ZERO } };
@@ -149,6 +157,7 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_dot_f16_unroll(const int n, const int xs, float * GG
             sumf[j] += (ggml_float)(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[j][i])*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
         }
     }
+#endif
 #else
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
         for (int j = 0; j < GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL; ++j) {
@@ -243,6 +252,14 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_mad_f32(const int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT y, const
 
             svst1_f32(pg, y + np2, ay1);
         }
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+        for (int i = 0, avl; i < n; i += avl) {
+            avl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(n - i);
+            vfloat32m8_t ax = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(&x[i], avl);
+            vfloat32m8_t ay = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(&y[i], avl);
+            vfloat32m8_t ny = __riscv_vfmadd_vf_f32m8(ax, v, ay, avl);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m8(&y[i], ny, avl);
+        }
     #else
         const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F32_STEP - 1));
 
@@ -276,6 +293,13 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_mad_f32(const int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT y, const
 
 inline static void ggml_vec_mad_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * GGML_RESTRICT y, const ggml_fp16_t * GGML_RESTRICT x, const float v) {
 #if defined(GGML_SIMD)
+#if defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+    // todo: RVV impl
+    // scalar
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]) + GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])*v);
+    }
+#else
     const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F16_STEP - 1));
 
     GGML_F16_VEC vx = GGML_F16_VEC_SET1(v);
@@ -297,6 +321,7 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_mad_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * GGML_RESTRICT y,
     for (int i = np; i < n; ++i) {
         y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]) + GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])*v);
     }
+#endif
 #else
     // scalar
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
@@ -324,6 +349,16 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_mad_f32_unroll(const int n, const int xs, const int
                 y[i] += x[k][i]*v[k][0];
             }
         }
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+        for (int i = 0, avl; i < n; i += avl) {
+            avl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(n - i);
+            vfloat32m8_t ay = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(&y[i], avl);
+            for (int k = 0; k < GGML_VEC_MAD_UNROLL; k++) {
+                vfloat32m8_t ax = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(&x[k][i], avl);
+                ay = __riscv_vfmadd_vf_f32m8(ax, v[k][0], ay, avl);
+            }
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m8(&y[i], ay, avl);
+        }
     #else
         const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F32_STEP - 1));
 
@@ -375,6 +410,14 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_mad1_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, co
         for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
             y[i] = x[i]*s + b;
         }
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+        for (int i = 0, avl; i < n; i += avl) {
+            avl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(n - i);
+            vfloat32m8_t ax = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(&x[i], avl);
+            vfloat32m8_t vb = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m8(b, avl);
+            vfloat32m8_t ny = __riscv_vfmadd_vf_f32m8(ax, s, vb, avl);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m8(&y[i], ny, avl);
+        }
     #else
         const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F32_STEP - 1));
 
@@ -436,6 +479,13 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_scale_f32(const int n, float * y, const float   v) {
             ay1 = svmul_f32_m(pg, ay1, vx);
             svst1_f32(pg, y + np, ay1);
         }
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+        for (int i = 0, avl; i < n; i += avl) {
+            avl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(n - i);
+            vfloat32m8_t ay = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(&y[i], avl);
+            vfloat32m8_t ny = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m8(ay, v, avl);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m8(&y[i], ny, avl);
+        }
     #else
         const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F32_STEP - 1));
 
@@ -467,6 +517,13 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_scale_f32(const int n, float * y, const float   v) {
 
 inline static void ggml_vec_scale_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const float v) {
 #if defined(GGML_SIMD)
+#if defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+    // todo: RVV impl
+    // scalar
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i])*v);
+    }
+#else
     const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F16_STEP - 1));
 
     GGML_F16_VEC vx = GGML_F16_VEC_SET1(v);
@@ -486,6 +543,7 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_scale_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const float
     for (int i = np; i < n; ++i) {
         y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i])*v);
     }
+#endif
 #else
     // scalar
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
@@ -928,7 +986,51 @@ inline static __m128 ggml_v_silu(__m128 x) {
     return _mm_div_ps(x, one_plus_exp_neg_x);
 }
 
-#endif // __ARM_NEON / __AVX2__ / __SSE2__
+#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+
+// adapted from arm limited optimized routine
+// the maximum error is 1.45358 plus 0.5 ulps
+// numbers above 88.38 will flush to infinity
+// numbers beneath -103.97 will flush to zero
+inline static vfloat32m2_t ggml_v_expf_m2(vfloat32m2_t x, int vl) {
+    const vfloat32m2_t r = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0x1.8p23f, vl);
+#ifdef __riscv_xtheadvector
+    // workaround for compiler bug (gcc 14.3.0: Error: unrecognized opcode `th.vmv1r.v v2,v4')
+    vfloat32m2_t z = __riscv_vfadd_vf_f32m2(r, 0.0f, vl);
+    z = __riscv_vfmacc_vf_f32m2(z, 0x1.715476p+0f, x, vl);
+#else
+    const vfloat32m2_t z = __riscv_vfmacc_vf_f32m2(r, 0x1.715476p+0f, x, vl);
+#endif
+    const vfloat32m2_t n = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(z, r, vl);
+    const vfloat32m2_t b = __riscv_vfnmsac_vf_f32m2(__riscv_vfnmsac_vf_f32m2(x, 0x1.62e4p-1f, n, vl),
+                                                    0x1.7f7d1cp-20f, n, vl);
+    const vuint32m2_t e = __riscv_vsll_vx_u32m2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_f32m2_u32m2(z), 23, vl);
+    const vfloat32m2_t k = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u32m2_f32m2(__riscv_vadd_vx_u32m2(e, 0x3f800000, vl)); // 1.0f
+    const vbool16_t c = __riscv_vmfgt_vf_f32m2_b16(__riscv_vfabs_v_f32m2(n, vl), 126.0f, vl);
+    const vfloat32m2_t u = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(b, b, vl);
+    const vfloat32m2_t j = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(
+        __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(b, 0x1.ffffecp-1f, vl),
+        __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(
+            __riscv_vfmacc_vf_f32m2(__riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0x1.fffdb6p-2f, vl), 0x1.555e66p-3f, b, vl),
+            __riscv_vfmacc_vf_f32m2(__riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0x1.573e2ep-5f, vl), 0x1.0e4020p-7f, b, vl),
+            u, vl), u, vl);
+    if (!__riscv_vcpop_m_b16(c, vl))
+        return __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(k, j, k, vl);
+    const vbool16_t  dm = __riscv_vmfle_vf_f32m2_b16(n, 0.0f, vl);
+    const vuint32m2_t d = __riscv_vmerge_vxm_u32m2(__riscv_vmv_v_x_u32m2(0, vl), 0x82000000, dm, vl);
+    const vfloat32m2_t s1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u32m2_f32m2(__riscv_vadd_vx_u32m2(d, 0x7f000000, vl));
+    const vfloat32m2_t s2 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u32m2_f32m2(__riscv_vsub_vv_u32m2(e, d, vl));
+    const vfloat32m2_t r1 = __riscv_vmerge_vvm_f32m2(
+        __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(k, k, j, vl),
+        __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(s2, s2, j, vl), s1, vl),
+        c, vl);
+    return __riscv_vmerge_vvm_f32m2(
+        r1, __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(s1, s1, vl),
+        __riscv_vmfgt_vf_f32m2_b16(__riscv_vfabs_v_f32m2(n, vl), 192.0f, vl),
+        vl);
+}
+
+#endif // __ARM_NEON / __AVX2__ / __SSE2__ / __riscv_v_intrinsic
 
 inline static void ggml_vec_silu_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {