diff --git a/.devops/cpu.Dockerfile b/.devops/cpu.Dockerfile
index 8d020f16c9..522ee8147d 100644
--- a/.devops/cpu.Dockerfile
+++ b/.devops/cpu.Dockerfile
@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=22.04
 
 FROM ubuntu:$UBUNTU_VERSION AS build
 
+ARG TARGETARCH
+
+ARG GGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH=armv8-a
+
 RUN apt-get update && \
     apt-get install -y build-essential git cmake libcurl4-openssl-dev
 
@@ -9,7 +13,14 @@ WORKDIR /app
 
 COPY . .
 
-RUN cmake -S . -B build -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS=ON -DLLAMA_CURL=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release && \
+RUN if [ "$TARGETARCH" = "amd64" ]; then \
+        cmake -S . -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DLLAMA_CURL=ON -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON -DGGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS=ON; \
+    elif [ "$TARGETARCH" = "arm64" ]; then \
+        cmake -S . -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DLLAMA_CURL=ON -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH=${GGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH}; \
+    else \
+        echo "Unsupported architecture"; \
+        exit 1; \
+    fi && \
     cmake --build build -j $(nproc)
 
 RUN mkdir -p /app/lib && \
diff --git a/.devops/tools.sh b/.devops/tools.sh
index 9a86e6ea01..41a6b1e55c 100755
--- a/.devops/tools.sh
+++ b/.devops/tools.sh
@@ -13,9 +13,13 @@ elif [[ "$arg1" == '--quantize' || "$arg1" == '-q' ]]; then
     exec ./llama-quantize "$@"
 elif [[ "$arg1" == '--run' || "$arg1" == '-r' ]]; then
     exec ./llama-cli "$@"
+elif [[ "$arg1" == '--bench' || "$arg1" == '-b' ]]; then
+    exec ./llama-bench "$@"
+elif [[ "$arg1" == '--perplexity' || "$arg1" == '-p' ]]; then
+    exec ./llama-perplexity "$@"
 elif [[ "$arg1" == '--all-in-one' || "$arg1" == '-a' ]]; then
     echo "Converting PTH to GGML..."
-    for i in `ls $1/$2/ggml-model-f16.bin*`; do
+    for i in $(ls $1/$2/ggml-model-f16.bin*); do
         if [ -f "${i/f16/q4_0}" ]; then
             echo "Skip model quantization, it already exists: ${i/f16/q4_0}"
         else
@@ -30,6 +34,10 @@ else
     echo "Available commands: "
     echo "  --run (-r): Run a model previously converted into ggml"
     echo "              ex: -m /models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.bin -p \"Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:\" -n 512"
+    echo "  --bench (-b): Benchmark the performance of the inference for various parameters."
+    echo "              ex: -m model.gguf"
+    echo "  --perplexity (-p): Measure the perplexity of a model over a given text."
+    echo "              ex: -m model.gguf -f file.txt"
     echo "  --convert (-c): Convert a llama model into ggml"
     echo "              ex: --outtype f16 \"/models/7B/\" "
     echo "  --quantize (-q): Optimize with quantization process ggml"
diff --git a/.devops/vulkan.Dockerfile b/.devops/vulkan.Dockerfile
index cfc2162e38..9064f38385 100644
--- a/.devops/vulkan.Dockerfile
+++ b/.devops/vulkan.Dockerfile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=jammy
+ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=24.04
 
 FROM ubuntu:$UBUNTU_VERSION AS build
 
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ RUN apt update && apt install -y git build-essential cmake wget
 
 # Install Vulkan SDK and cURL
 RUN wget -qO - https://packages.lunarg.com/lunarg-signing-key-pub.asc | apt-key add - && \
-    wget -qO /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lunarg-vulkan-jammy.list https://packages.lunarg.com/vulkan/lunarg-vulkan-jammy.list && \
+    wget -qO /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lunarg-vulkan-noble.list https://packages.lunarg.com/vulkan/lunarg-vulkan-noble.list && \
     apt update -y && \
     apt-get install -y vulkan-sdk libcurl4-openssl-dev curl
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ RUN mkdir -p /app/full \
 FROM ubuntu:$UBUNTU_VERSION AS base
 
 RUN apt-get update \
-    && apt-get install -y libgomp1 curl\
+    && apt-get install -y libgomp1 curl libvulkan-dev \
     && apt autoremove -y \
     && apt clean -y \
     && rm -rf /tmp/* /var/tmp/* \
@@ -55,8 +55,9 @@ RUN apt-get update \
     git \
     python3 \
     python3-pip \
-    && pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel \
-    && pip install -r requirements.txt \
+    python3-wheel \
+    && pip install --break-system-packages --upgrade setuptools \
+    && pip install --break-system-packages -r requirements.txt \
     && apt autoremove -y \
     && apt clean -y \
     && rm -rf /tmp/* /var/tmp/* \
diff --git a/.editorconfig b/.editorconfig
index eac38a15f1..5d63d0a51e 100644
--- a/.editorconfig
+++ b/.editorconfig
@@ -40,3 +40,11 @@ indent_style = tab
 [examples/cvector-generator/*.txt]
 trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
 insert_final_newline = unset
+
+[models/templates/*.jinja]
+indent_style = unset
+indent_size = unset
+end_of_line = unset
+charset = unset
+trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
+insert_final_newline = unset
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index 9e0c4a6752..03eabbbe5a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -43,6 +43,12 @@ jobs:
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: macOS-latest-cmake-arm64
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
       - name: Dependencies
         id: depends
         continue-on-error: true
@@ -53,15 +59,14 @@ jobs:
         id: cmake_build
         run: |
           sysctl -a
-          mkdir build
-          cd build
-          cmake .. \
+          cmake -B build \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_RPATH="@loader_path" \
             -DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON \
             -DLLAMA_CURL=ON \
             -DGGML_METAL_USE_BF16=ON \
             -DGGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY=ON \
             -DGGML_RPC=ON
-          cmake --build . --config Release -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu)
+          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu)
 
       - name: Test
         id: cmake_test
@@ -87,6 +92,7 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
         run: |
           cp LICENSE ./build/bin/
+          cp examples/run/linenoise.cpp/LICENSE ./build/bin/LICENSE.linenoise.cpp
           zip -r llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-macos-arm64.zip ./build/bin/*
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
@@ -106,6 +112,12 @@ jobs:
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: macOS-latest-cmake-x64
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
       - name: Dependencies
         id: depends
         continue-on-error: true
@@ -119,6 +131,7 @@ jobs:
           # Metal is disabled due to intermittent failures with Github runners not having a GPU:
           # https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/actions/runs/8635935781/job/23674807267#step:5:2313
           cmake -B build \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_RPATH="@loader_path" \
             -DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON \
             -DLLAMA_CURL=ON \
             -DGGML_METAL=OFF \
@@ -149,6 +162,7 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
         run: |
           cp LICENSE ./build/bin/
+          cp examples/run/linenoise.cpp/LICENSE ./build/bin/LICENSE.linenoise.cpp
           zip -r llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-macos-x64.zip ./build/bin/*
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
@@ -158,8 +172,8 @@ jobs:
           path: llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-macos-x64.zip
           name: llama-bin-macos-x64.zip
 
-  ubuntu-latest-cmake:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+  ubuntu-cpu-cmake:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
@@ -168,6 +182,12 @@ jobs:
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: ubuntu-cpu-cmake
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
       - name: Dependencies
         id: depends
         run: |
@@ -177,10 +197,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
         run: |
-          mkdir build
-          cd build
-          cmake .. -DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON -DLLAMA_CURL=ON -DGGML_RPC=ON
-          cmake --build . --config Release -j $(nproc)
+          cmake -B build \
+            -DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_CURL=ON \
+            -DGGML_RPC=ON
+          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
 
       - name: Test
         id: cmake_test
@@ -217,6 +238,7 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
         run: |
           cp LICENSE ./build/bin/
+          cp examples/run/linenoise.cpp/LICENSE ./build/bin/LICENSE.linenoise.cpp
           zip -r llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-x64.zip ./build/bin/*
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
@@ -241,6 +263,12 @@ jobs:
         id: checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: ubuntu-latest-cmake-sanitizer-${{ matrix.sanitizer }}
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
       - name: Dependencies
         id: depends
         run: |
@@ -251,19 +279,22 @@ jobs:
         id: cmake_build
         if: ${{ matrix.sanitizer != 'THREAD' }}
         run: |
-          mkdir build
-          cd build
-          cmake .. -DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON -DLLAMA_SANITIZE_${{ matrix.sanitizer }}=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.build_type }}
-          cmake --build . --config ${{ matrix.build_type }} -j $(nproc)
+          cmake -B build \
+            -DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_SANITIZE_${{ matrix.sanitizer }}=ON \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.build_type }}
+          cmake --build build --config ${{ matrix.build_type }} -j $(nproc)
 
       - name: Build (no OpenMP)
         id: cmake_build_no_openmp
         if: ${{ matrix.sanitizer == 'THREAD' }}
         run: |
-          mkdir build
-          cd build
-          cmake .. -DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON -DLLAMA_SANITIZE_${{ matrix.sanitizer }}=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.build_type }} -DGGML_OPENMP=OFF
-          cmake --build . --config ${{ matrix.build_type }} -j $(nproc)
+          cmake -B build \
+            -DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_SANITIZE_${{ matrix.sanitizer }}=ON \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.build_type }} \
+            -DGGML_OPENMP=OFF
+          cmake --build build --config ${{ matrix.build_type }} -j $(nproc)
 
       - name: Test
         id: cmake_test
@@ -281,6 +312,12 @@ jobs:
         id: checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: ubuntu-latest-cmake-rpc
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
       - name: Dependencies
         id: depends
         run: |
@@ -290,10 +327,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
         run: |
-          mkdir build
-          cd build
-          cmake -DGGML_RPC=ON ..
-          cmake --build . --config Release -j $(nproc)
+          cmake -B build \
+            -DGGML_RPC=ON
+          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
 
       - name: Test
         id: cmake_test
@@ -309,6 +345,12 @@ jobs:
         id: checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: ubuntu-22-cmake-vulkan
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
       - name: Dependencies
         id: depends
         run: |
@@ -320,16 +362,16 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
         run: |
-          mkdir build
-          cd build
-          cmake -DGGML_VULKAN=ON ..
-          cmake --build . --config Release -j $(nproc)
+          cmake -B build \
+            -DGGML_VULKAN=ON
+          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
 
       - name: Test
         id: cmake_test
         run: |
           cd build
-          ctest -L main --verbose --timeout 900
+          # This is using llvmpipe and runs slower than other backends
+          ctest -L main --verbose --timeout 1800
 
   ubuntu-22-cmake-hip:
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
@@ -346,16 +388,27 @@ jobs:
           sudo apt-get update
           sudo apt-get install -y build-essential git cmake rocblas-dev hipblas-dev
 
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: ubuntu-22-cmake-hip
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
       - name: Build with native CMake HIP support
         id: cmake_build
         run: |
-          cmake -B build -S . -DCMAKE_HIP_COMPILER="$(hipconfig -l)/clang" -DGGML_HIP=ON
+          cmake -B build -S . \
+            -DCMAKE_HIP_COMPILER="$(hipconfig -l)/clang" \
+            -DGGML_HIP=ON
           cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
 
       - name: Build with legacy HIP support
         id: cmake_build_legacy_hip
         run: |
-          cmake -B build2 -S . -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=hipcc -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=hipcc -DGGML_HIP=ON
+          cmake -B build2 -S . \
+            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=hipcc \
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=hipcc \
+            -DGGML_HIP=ON
           cmake --build build2 --config Release -j $(nproc)
 
   ubuntu-22-cmake-musa:
@@ -373,10 +426,17 @@ jobs:
           apt-get update
           apt-get install -y build-essential git cmake libcurl4-openssl-dev
 
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: ubuntu-22-cmake-musa
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
       - name: Build with native CMake MUSA support
         id: cmake_build
         run: |
-          cmake -B build -S . -DGGML_MUSA=ON
+          cmake -B build -S . \
+            -DGGML_MUSA=ON
           cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
 
   ubuntu-22-cmake-sycl:
@@ -411,14 +471,21 @@ jobs:
         id: checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: ubuntu-22-cmake-sycl
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
         run: |
           source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
-          mkdir build
-          cd build
-          cmake -DGGML_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx ..
-          cmake --build . --config Release -j $(nproc)
+          cmake -B build \
+            -DGGML_SYCL=ON \
+            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx \
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx
+          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
 
   ubuntu-22-cmake-sycl-fp16:
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
@@ -452,47 +519,22 @@ jobs:
         id: checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: ubuntu-22-cmake-sycl-fp16
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
         run: |
           source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
-          mkdir build
-          cd build
-          cmake -DGGML_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx -DGGML_SYCL_F16=ON ..
-          cmake --build . --config Release -j $(nproc)
-
-  # TODO: build with GGML_METAL=OFF because test-backend-ops fail on "Apple Paravirtual device" and I don't know
-  #       how to debug it.
-  #       ref: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/actions/runs/7132125951/job/19422043567?pr=4359#step:5:6584
-  #       would be great if we fix these
-  macOS-latest-cmake:
-    runs-on: macos-latest
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Clone
-        id: checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Dependencies
-        id: depends
-        continue-on-error: true
-        run: |
-          brew update
-
-      - name: Build
-        id: cmake_build
-        run: |
-          sysctl -a
-          mkdir build
-          cd build
-          cmake -DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON -DGGML_METAL=OFF ..
-          cmake --build . --config Release -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu)
-
-      - name: Test
-        id: cmake_test
-        run: |
-          cd build
-          ctest -L main --verbose --timeout 900
+          cmake -B build \
+            -DGGML_SYCL=ON \
+            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx \
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx \
+            -DGGML_SYCL_F16=ON
+          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
 
   macOS-latest-cmake-ios:
     runs-on: macos-latest
@@ -502,6 +544,12 @@ jobs:
         id: checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: macOS-latest-cmake-ios
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
       - name: Dependencies
         id: depends
         continue-on-error: true
@@ -512,9 +560,7 @@ jobs:
         id: cmake_build
         run: |
           sysctl -a
-          mkdir build
-          cd build
-          cmake -G Xcode .. \
+          cmake -B build -G Xcode \
             -DGGML_METAL_USE_BF16=ON \
             -DGGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY=ON \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
@@ -523,7 +569,7 @@ jobs:
             -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=iOS \
             -DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=14.0 \
             -DCMAKE_XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVELOPMENT_TEAM=ggml
-          cmake --build . --config Release -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu) -- CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED=NO
+          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu) -- CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED=NO
 
   macOS-latest-cmake-tvos:
     runs-on: macos-latest
@@ -533,6 +579,12 @@ jobs:
         id: checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: macOS-latest-cmake-tvos
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
       - name: Dependencies
         id: depends
         continue-on-error: true
@@ -543,9 +595,7 @@ jobs:
         id: cmake_build
         run: |
           sysctl -a
-          mkdir build
-          cd build
-          cmake -G Xcode .. \
+          cmake -B build -G Xcode \
             -DGGML_METAL_USE_BF16=ON \
             -DGGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY=ON \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
@@ -554,7 +604,7 @@ jobs:
             -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=tvOS \
             -DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=14.0 \
             -DCMAKE_XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVELOPMENT_TEAM=ggml
-          cmake --build . --config Release -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu) -- CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED=NO
+          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu) -- CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED=NO
 
   macOS-latest-swift:
     runs-on: macos-latest
@@ -568,6 +618,12 @@ jobs:
         id: checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: macOS-latest-swift
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
       - name: Dependencies
         id: depends
         continue-on-error: true
@@ -578,17 +634,15 @@ jobs:
         id: cmake_build
         run: |
           sysctl -a
-          mkdir build
-          cd build
-          cmake -G Xcode .. \
+          cmake -B build -G Xcode \
             -DGGML_METAL_USE_BF16=ON \
             -DGGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY=ON \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=OFF \
             -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES="arm64;x86_64"
-          cmake --build . --config Release -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu)
-          sudo cmake --install . --config Release
+          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu)
+          sudo cmake --install build --config Release
 
       - name: xcodebuild for swift package
         id: xcodebuild
@@ -609,6 +663,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Clone
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: windows-msys2
+          variant: sccache
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
       - name: Setup ${{ matrix.sys }}
         uses: msys2/setup-msys2@v2
         with:
@@ -616,6 +677,7 @@ jobs:
           msystem: ${{matrix.sys}}
           install: >-
             base-devel
+            git
             mingw-w64-${{matrix.env}}-toolchain
             mingw-w64-${{matrix.env}}-cmake
             mingw-w64-${{matrix.env}}-openblas
@@ -676,6 +738,13 @@ jobs:
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: windows-latest-cmake-${{ matrix.build }}
+          variant: sccache
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
       - name: Clone Kompute submodule
         id: clone_kompute
         if: ${{ matrix.build == 'kompute-x64' }}
@@ -715,21 +784,19 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           git clone https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenCL-Headers
           cd OpenCL-Headers
-          mkdir build && cd build
-          cmake .. `
+          cmake -B build `
             -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF `
             -DOPENCL_HEADERS_BUILD_TESTING=OFF `
             -DOPENCL_HEADERS_BUILD_CXX_TESTS=OFF `
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$env:RUNNER_TEMP/opencl-arm64-release"
-          cmake --build . --target install
+          cmake --build build --target install
           git clone https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenCL-ICD-Loader
           cd OpenCL-ICD-Loader
-          mkdir build-arm64-release && cd build-arm64-release
-          cmake .. `
+          cmake -B build-arm64-release `
             -A arm64 `
             -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$env:RUNNER_TEMP/opencl-arm64-release" `
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$env:RUNNER_TEMP/opencl-arm64-release"
-          cmake --build . --target install --config release
+          cmake --build build-arm64-release --target install --config release
 
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
@@ -796,6 +863,7 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
         run: |
           Copy-Item LICENSE .\build\bin\Release\llama.cpp.txt
+          Copy-Item .\examples\run\linenoise.cpp\LICENSE .\build\bin\Release\linenoise.cpp.txt
           7z a llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-win-${{ matrix.build }}.zip .\build\bin\Release\*
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
@@ -813,6 +881,8 @@ jobs:
         - name: Clone
           id: checkout
           uses: actions/checkout@v4
+          with:
+            fetch-depth: 0
 
         - name: Install dependencies
           env:
@@ -821,9 +891,21 @@ jobs:
               apt update
               apt install -y cmake build-essential ninja-build libgomp1 git
 
+        - name: ccache
+          uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+          with:
+            key: ubuntu-latest-cmake-cuda
+            evict-old-files: 1d
+
         - name: Build with CMake
           run: |
-            cmake -S . -B build -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_CUDA=ON -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=89-real -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS=-Wl,--allow-shlib-undefined -DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON
+            cmake -S . -B build -G Ninja \
+              -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+              -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=89-real \
+              -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS=-Wl,--allow-shlib-undefined \
+              -DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON \
+              -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF \
+              -DGGML_CUDA=ON
             cmake --build build
 
   windows-2019-cmake-cuda:
@@ -841,6 +923,13 @@ jobs:
         with:
             fetch-depth: 0
 
+      - name: Install ccache
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: ${{ github.job }}-${{ matrix.cuda }}-${{ matrix.build }}
+          variant: sccache
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
       - name: Install Cuda Toolkit 11.7
         if: ${{ matrix.cuda == '11.7' }}
         run: |
@@ -897,11 +986,6 @@ jobs:
           echo "CUDA_PATH=C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v12.4" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append -Encoding utf8
           echo "CUDA_PATH_V12_4=C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v12.4" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_ENV -Append -Encoding utf8
 
-      - name: Install ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2
-        with:
-          key: ${{ github.job }}-${{ matrix.cuda }}-${{ matrix.build }}
-
       - name: Install Ninja
         id: install_ninja
         run: |
@@ -912,7 +996,11 @@ jobs:
         shell: cmd
         run: |
           call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
-          cmake -S . -B build -G "Ninja Multi-Config" -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=ON -DGGML_CUDA=ON -DGGML_RPC=ON
+          cmake -S . -B build -G "Ninja Multi-Config" ^
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=ON ^
+            -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF ^
+            -DGGML_CUDA=ON ^
+            -DGGML_RPC=ON
           set /A NINJA_JOBS=%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%-1
           cmake --build build --config Release -j %NINJA_JOBS% -t ggml
           cmake --build build --config Release
@@ -977,6 +1065,13 @@ jobs:
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: windows-latest-cmake-sycl
+          variant: sccache
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
       - name: Install
         run:  |
           scripts/install-oneapi.bat $WINDOWS_BASEKIT_URL $WINDOWS_DPCPP_MKL
@@ -1056,16 +1151,23 @@ jobs:
           & 'C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm\*\bin\clang.exe' --version
 
       - name: Install ccache
-        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
         with:
           key: ${{ github.job }}
+          variant: sccache
+          evict-old-files: 1d
 
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
         run: |
           $env:HIP_PATH=$(Resolve-Path 'C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm\*\bin\clang.exe' | split-path | split-path)
           $env:CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="${env:HIP_PATH}"
-          cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -B build -S . -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER="${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\clang.exe" -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER="${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\clang++.exe" -DGGML_HIP=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DGGML_RPC=ON
+          cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -B build -S . `
+            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER="${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\clang.exe" `
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER="${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\clang++.exe" `
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `
+            -DGGML_HIP=ON `
+            -DGGML_RPC=ON
           cmake --build build -j ${env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS}
 
   windows-latest-cmake-hip-release:
@@ -1083,6 +1185,13 @@ jobs:
         with:
             fetch-depth: 0
 
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: windows-latest-cmake-hip-release
+          variant: sccache
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
       - name: Install
         id: depends
         run: |
@@ -1103,7 +1212,13 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           $env:HIP_PATH=$(Resolve-Path 'C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm\*\bin\clang.exe' | split-path | split-path)
           $env:CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="${env:HIP_PATH}"
-          cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -B build -S . -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER="${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\clang.exe" -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER="${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\clang++.exe" -DGGML_HIP=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DAMDGPU_TARGETS=${{ matrix.gpu_target }} -DGGML_RPC=ON
+          cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -B build -S . `
+            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER="${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\clang.exe" `
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER="${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\clang++.exe" `
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `
+            -DAMDGPU_TARGETS=${{ matrix.gpu_target }} `
+            -DGGML_HIP=ON `
+            -DGGML_RPC=ON
           cmake --build build -j ${env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS}
           md "build\bin\rocblas\library\"
           cp "${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\hipblas.dll" "build\bin\"
@@ -1145,9 +1260,7 @@ jobs:
         id: cmake_build
         run: |
           sysctl -a
-          mkdir build
-          cd build
-          cmake -G Xcode .. \
+          cmake -B build -G Xcode \
             -DGGML_METAL_USE_BF16=ON \
             -DGGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY=ON \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
@@ -1156,8 +1269,8 @@ jobs:
             -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=iOS \
             -DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=14.0 \
             -DCMAKE_XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVELOPMENT_TEAM=ggml
-          cmake --build . --config Release -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu) -- CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED=NO
-          sudo cmake --install . --config Release
+          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu) -- CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED=NO
+          sudo cmake --install build --config Release
 
       - name: xcodebuild for swift package
         id: xcodebuild
@@ -1174,6 +1287,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: Clone
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: android-build
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
       - name: Set up JDK
         uses: actions/setup-java@v3
         with:
@@ -1197,8 +1316,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     needs:
-      - ubuntu-latest-cmake
-      - macOS-latest-cmake
+      - ubuntu-cpu-cmake
       - windows-latest-cmake
       - windows-2019-cmake-cuda
       - windows-latest-cmake-hip-release
@@ -1212,6 +1330,12 @@ jobs:
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        with:
+          key: release
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
       - name: Determine tag name
         id: tag
         shell: bash
@@ -1457,3 +1581,37 @@ jobs:
 #          popd
 #          emcmake cmake . -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.build }}
 #          make
+
+  openEuler-latest-cmake-cann:
+    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Ascend NPU') }}
+    defaults:
+      run:
+       shell: bash -el {0}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        cann:
+          - '8.0.rc3.beta1-910b-openeuler22.03-py3.10'
+        device:
+          - 'ascend910b3'
+        build:
+          - 'Release'
+    container: ascendai/cann:${{ matrix.cann }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Dependencies
+        run: |
+          yum update -y
+          yum install -y git gcc gcc-c++ make cmake
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ASCEND_TOOLKIT_HOME}/lib64:${ASCEND_TOOLKIT_HOME}/$(uname -m)-linux/devlib/:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
+
+          cmake -S . -B build \
+              -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.build }} \
+              -DGGML_CANN=on \
+              -DSOC_TYPE=${{ matrix.device }}
+          cmake --build build -j $(nproc)
diff --git a/.github/workflows/docker.yml b/.github/workflows/docker.yml
index d71f1eb38c..6955a7dc82 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/docker.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docker.yml
@@ -28,10 +28,11 @@ jobs:
   push_to_registry:
     name: Push Docker image to Docker Hub
 
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     env:
       COMMIT_SHA: ${{ github.sha }}
     strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         config:
           # Multi-stage build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/server.yml b/.github/workflows/server.yml
index 671fe595cd..0cbc3d6407 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/server.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/server.yml
@@ -112,9 +112,9 @@ jobs:
               -DGGML_OPENMP=OFF ;
           cmake --build build --config ${{ matrix.build_type }} -j $(nproc) --target llama-server
 
-      - name: Build
-        id: cmake_build
-        if: ${{ matrix.sanitizer != 'THREAD' }}
+      - name: Build (sanitizers)
+        id: cmake_build_sanitizers
+        if: ${{ matrix.sanitizer != '' && matrix.sanitizer != 'THREAD' }}
         run: |
           cmake -B build \
               -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF \
@@ -124,12 +124,31 @@ jobs:
               -DLLAMA_SANITIZE_${{ matrix.sanitizer }}=ON ;
           cmake --build build --config ${{ matrix.build_type }} -j $(nproc) --target llama-server
 
+      - name: Build (sanitizers)
+        id: cmake_build
+        if: ${{ matrix.sanitizer == '' }}
+        run: |
+          cmake -B build \
+              -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF \
+              -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=ON \
+              -DLLAMA_CURL=ON \
+              -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.build_type }} ;
+          cmake --build build --config ${{ matrix.build_type }} -j $(nproc) --target llama-server
+
       - name: Tests
         id: server_integration_tests
+        if: ${{ matrix.sanitizer == '' }}
         run: |
           cd examples/server/tests
           ./tests.sh
 
+      - name: Tests (sanitizers)
+        id: server_integration_tests_sanitizers
+        if: ${{ matrix.sanitizer != '' }}
+        run: |
+          cd examples/server/tests
+          LLAMA_SANITIZE=1 ./tests.sh
+
       - name: Slow tests
         id: server_integration_tests_slow
         if: ${{ (github.event.schedule || github.event.inputs.slow_tests == 'true') && matrix.build_type == 'Release' }}
@@ -186,7 +205,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cd examples/server/tests
           $env:PYTHONIOENCODING = ":replace"
-          pytest -v -x
+          pytest -v -x -m "not slow"
 
       - name: Slow tests
         id: server_integration_tests_slow
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 0bd767a62c..33e0124dfe 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ endif()
 list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/")
 
 set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
+set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
 
 if (CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR)
     set(LLAMA_STANDALONE ON)
@@ -49,6 +50,8 @@ endif()
 if (MSVC)
     add_compile_options("$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:/utf-8>")
     add_compile_options("$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/utf-8>")
+    add_compile_options("$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:/bigobj>")
+    add_compile_options("$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:/bigobj>")
 endif()
 
 #
@@ -186,27 +189,14 @@ set(LLAMA_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR} CACHE PATH "Location o
 set(LLAMA_LIB_INSTALL_DIR     ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}     CACHE PATH "Location of library files")
 set(LLAMA_BIN_INSTALL_DIR     ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}     CACHE PATH "Location of binary  files")
 
-# At the moment some compile definitions are placed within the ggml/src
-# directory but not exported on the `ggml` target. This could be improved by
-# determining _precisely_ which defines are necessary for the llama-config
-# package.
-#
-set(GGML_TRANSIENT_DEFINES)
-get_target_property(GGML_DIRECTORY ggml SOURCE_DIR)
-get_directory_property(GGML_DIR_DEFINES DIRECTORY ${GGML_DIRECTORY} COMPILE_DEFINITIONS)
-if (GGML_DIR_DEFINES)
-    list(APPEND GGML_TRANSIENT_DEFINES ${GGML_DIR_DEFINES})
-endif()
-get_target_property(GGML_TARGET_DEFINES ggml COMPILE_DEFINITIONS)
-if (GGML_TARGET_DEFINES)
-    list(APPEND GGML_TRANSIENT_DEFINES ${GGML_TARGET_DEFINES})
-endif()
-get_target_property(GGML_LINK_LIBRARIES ggml LINK_LIBRARIES)
-# all public headers
 set(LLAMA_PUBLIC_HEADERS
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/llama.h
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/llama-cpp.h)
-set_target_properties(llama PROPERTIES PUBLIC_HEADER "${LLAMA_PUBLIC_HEADERS}")
+
+set_target_properties(llama
+    PROPERTIES
+        PUBLIC_HEADER "${LLAMA_PUBLIC_HEADERS}")
+
 install(TARGETS llama LIBRARY PUBLIC_HEADER)
 
 configure_package_config_file(
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 19ae0d5f1c..ef152d2467 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ TEST_TARGETS = \
 	tests/test-arg-parser \
 	tests/test-autorelease \
 	tests/test-backend-ops \
+	tests/test-chat \
 	tests/test-chat-template \
 	tests/test-double-float \
 	tests/test-grammar-integration \
@@ -983,6 +984,7 @@ OBJ_COMMON = \
 	$(DIR_COMMON)/ngram-cache.o \
 	$(DIR_COMMON)/sampling.o \
 	$(DIR_COMMON)/speculative.o \
+	$(DIR_COMMON)/chat.o \
 	$(DIR_COMMON)/build-info.o \
 	$(DIR_COMMON)/json-schema-to-grammar.o
 
@@ -1361,7 +1363,11 @@ llama-server: \
 	examples/server/httplib.h \
 	examples/server/index.html.hpp \
 	examples/server/loading.html.hpp \
+	common/chat.cpp \
+	common/chat.hpp \
+	common/chat-template.hpp \
 	common/json.hpp \
+	common/minja.hpp \
 	$(OBJ_ALL)
 	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
 	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h %.hpp $<,$^) -Iexamples/server $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) $(LWINSOCK2)
@@ -1469,6 +1475,11 @@ tests/test-json-schema-to-grammar: tests/test-json-schema-to-grammar.cpp \
 	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -Iexamples/server -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
 	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
 
+tests/test-chat: tests/test-chat.cpp \
+	$(OBJ_ALL)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -Iexamples/server -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+
 tests/test-opt: tests/test-opt.cpp \
 	$(OBJ_GGML)
 	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 784669ce13..d40309875e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -16,7 +16,11 @@ Inference of Meta's [LLaMA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.13971) model (and others)
 
 ## Hot topics
 
-- **Introducing GGUF-my-LoRA** https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/discussions/10123
+- **How to use [MTLResidencySet](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/metal/mtlresidencyset?language=objc) to keep the GPU memory active?** https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/11427
+- **VS Code extension for FIM completions:** https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.vscode
+- Universal tool call support in `llama-server`: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/9639
+- Vim/Neovim plugin for FIM completions: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.vim
+- Introducing GGUF-my-LoRA https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/discussions/10123
 - Hugging Face Inference Endpoints now support GGUF out of the box! https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/discussions/9669
 - Hugging Face GGUF editor: [discussion](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/discussions/9268) | [tool](https://huggingface.co/spaces/CISCai/gguf-editor)
 
@@ -419,7 +423,7 @@ To learn more about model quantization, [read this documentation](examples/quant
 
     </details>
 
-[^1]: [examples/perplexity/README.md](examples/perplexity/README.md)
+[^1]: [examples/perplexity/README.md](./examples/perplexity/README.md)
 [^2]: [https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/perplexity](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/perplexity)
 
 ## [`llama-bench`](examples/llama-bench)
diff --git a/cmake/build-info.cmake b/cmake/build-info.cmake
index ea3dc55c83..c1a456e179 100644
--- a/cmake/build-info.cmake
+++ b/cmake/build-info.cmake
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ if(MSVC)
     set(BUILD_TARGET ${CMAKE_VS_PLATFORM_NAME})
 else()
     execute_process(
-        COMMAND sh -c "$@ --version | head -1" _ ${CMAKE_C_COMPILER}
+        COMMAND sh -c "\"$@\" --version | head -1" _ ${CMAKE_C_COMPILER}
         OUTPUT_VARIABLE OUT
         OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
     )
diff --git a/cmake/llama-config.cmake.in b/cmake/llama-config.cmake.in
index 5c55bc6b82..90cbec5b6f 100644
--- a/cmake/llama-config.cmake.in
+++ b/cmake/llama-config.cmake.in
@@ -3,159 +3,13 @@ set(LLAMA_BUILD_COMMIT @LLAMA_BUILD_COMMIT@)
 set(LLAMA_BUILD_NUMBER @LLAMA_BUILD_NUMBER@)
 set(LLAMA_SHARED_LIB   @BUILD_SHARED_LIBS@)
 
-set(GGML_STATIC @GGML_STATIC@)
-set(GGML_NATIVE @GGML_NATIVE@)
-set(GGML_LTO    @GGML_LTO@)
-set(GGML_CCACHE @GGML_CCACHE@)
-set(GGML_AVX    @GGML_AVX@)
-set(GGML_AVX2   @GGML_AVX2@)
-set(GGML_AVX512 @GGML_AVX512@)
-set(GGML_AVX512_VBMI @GGML_AVX512_VBMI@)
-set(GGML_AVX512_VNNI @GGML_AVX512_VNNI@)
-set(GGML_AVX512_BF16 @GGML_AVX512_BF16@)
-set(GGML_AMX_TILE @GGML_AMX_TILE@)
-set(GGML_AMX_INT8 @GGML_AMX_INT8@)
-set(GGML_AMX_BF16 @GGML_AMX_BF16@)
-set(GGML_FMA  @GGML_FMA@)
-set(GGML_LASX @GGML_LASX@)
-set(GGML_LSX  @GGML_LSX@)
-set(GGML_RVV  @GGML_RVV@)
-set(GGML_SVE  @GGML_SVE@)
-
-set(GGML_ACCELERATE @GGML_ACCELERATE@)
-set(GGML_OPENMP  @GGML_OPENMP@)
-set(GGML_CPU_HBM @GGML_CPU_HBM@)
-set(GGML_BLAS_VENDOR @GGML_BLAS_VENDOR@)
-
-set(GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ    @GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ@)
-set(GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS @GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS@)
-set(GGML_CUDA_F16          @GGML_CUDA_F16@)
-set(GGML_CUDA_PEER_MAX_BATCH_SIZE @GGML_CUDA_PEER_MAX_BATCH_SIZE@)
-set(GGML_CUDA_NO_PEER_COPY  @GGML_CUDA_NO_PEER_COPY@)
-set(GGML_CUDA_NO_VMM        @GGML_CUDA_NO_VMM@)
-set(GGML_CUDA_FA_ALL_QUANTS @GGML_CUDA_FA_ALL_QUANTS@)
-set(GGML_CUDA_GRAPHS        @GGML_CUDA_GRAPHS@)
-
-set(GGML_HIP_UMA @GGML_HIP_UMA@)
-
-set(GGML_VULKAN_CHECK_RESULTS @GGML_VULKAN_CHECK_RESULTS@)
-set(GGML_VULKAN_DEBUG         @GGML_VULKAN_DEBUG@)
-set(GGML_VULKAN_MEMORY_DEBUG  @GGML_VULKAN_MEMORY_DEBUG@)
-set(GGML_VULKAN_SHADER_DEBUG_INFO @GGML_VULKAN_SHADER_DEBUG_INFO@)
-set(GGML_VULKAN_PERF      @GGML_VULKAN_PERF@)
-set(GGML_VULKAN_VALIDATE  @GGML_VULKAN_VALIDATE@)
-set(GGML_VULKAN_RUN_TESTS @GGML_VULKAN_RUN_TESTS@)
-
-set(GGML_METAL_USE_BF16 @GGML_METAL_USE_BF16@)
-set(GGML_METAL_NDEBUG   @GGML_METAL_NDEBUG@)
-set(GGML_METAL_SHADER_DEBUG  @GGML_METAL_SHADER_DEBUG@)
-set(GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY @GGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY@)
-set(GGML_METAL_MACOSX_VERSION_MIN @GGML_METAL_MACOSX_VERSION_MIN@)
-set(GGML_METAL_STD @GGML_METAL_STD@)
-
-set(GGML_SYCL_F16    @GGML_SYCL_F16@)
-set(GGML_SYCL_TARGET @GGML_SYCL_TARGET@)
-set(GGML_SYCL_DEVICE_ARCH @GGML_SYCL_DEVICE_ARCH@)
-
-
 @PACKAGE_INIT@
 
 set_and_check(LLAMA_INCLUDE_DIR "@PACKAGE_LLAMA_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR@")
 set_and_check(LLAMA_LIB_DIR     "@PACKAGE_LLAMA_LIB_INSTALL_DIR@")
 set_and_check(LLAMA_BIN_DIR     "@PACKAGE_LLAMA_BIN_INSTALL_DIR@")
 
-find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
-
-set(_llama_transient_defines "@GGML_TRANSIENT_DEFINES@")
-set(_llama_link_deps "")
-set(_llama_link_opts "")
-foreach(_ggml_lib ggml ggml-base)
-    string(REPLACE "-" "_" _ggml_lib_var "${_ggml_lib}_LIBRARY")
-    find_library(${_ggml_lib_var} ${_ggml_lib}
-        REQUIRED
-        HINTS ${LLAMA_LIB_DIR}
-        NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH
-    )
-    list(APPEND _llama_link_deps "${${_ggml_lib_var}}")
-    message(STATUS "Found ${${_ggml_lib_var}}")
-endforeach()
-
-foreach(backend amx blas cann cpu cuda hip kompute metal musa rpc sycl vulkan)
-    string(TOUPPER "GGML_${backend}" backend_id)
-    set(_ggml_lib "ggml-${backend}")
-    string(REPLACE "-" "_" _ggml_lib_var "${_ggml_lib}_LIBRARY")
-
-    find_library(${_ggml_lib_var} ${_ggml_lib}
-        HINTS ${LLAMA_LIB_DIR}
-        NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH
-    )
-    if(${_ggml_lib_var})
-        list(APPEND _llama_link_deps "${${_ggml_lib_var}}")
-        set(${backend_id} ON)
-        message(STATUS "Found backend ${${_ggml_lib_var}}")
-    else()
-        set(${backend_id} OFF)
-    endif()
-endforeach()
-
-if (NOT LLAMA_SHARED_LIB)
-    if (APPLE AND GGML_ACCELERATE)
-        find_library(ACCELERATE_FRAMEWORK Accelerate REQUIRED)
-        list(APPEND _llama_link_deps ${ACCELERATE_FRAMEWORK})
-    endif()
-
-    if (GGML_OPENMP)
-        find_package(OpenMP REQUIRED)
-        list(APPEND _llama_link_deps OpenMP::OpenMP_C OpenMP::OpenMP_CXX)
-    endif()
-
-    if (GGML_CPU_HBM)
-        find_library(memkind memkind REQUIRED)
-        list(APPEND _llama_link_deps memkind)
-    endif()
-
-    if (GGML_BLAS)
-        find_package(BLAS REQUIRED)
-        list(APPEND _llama_link_deps ${BLAS_LIBRARIES})
-        list(APPEND _llama_link_opts ${BLAS_LINKER_FLAGS})
-    endif()
-
-    if (GGML_CUDA)
-        find_package(CUDAToolkit REQUIRED)
-    endif()
-
-    if (GGML_METAL)
-        find_library(FOUNDATION_LIBRARY Foundation REQUIRED)
-        find_library(METAL_FRAMEWORK    Metal REQUIRED)
-        find_library(METALKIT_FRAMEWORK MetalKit REQUIRED)
-        list(APPEND _llama_link_deps ${FOUNDATION_LIBRARY}
-                                     ${METAL_FRAMEWORK} ${METALKIT_FRAMEWORK})
-    endif()
-
-    if (GGML_VULKAN)
-        find_package(Vulkan REQUIRED)
-        list(APPEND _llama_link_deps Vulkan::Vulkan)
-    endif()
-
-    if (GGML_HIP)
-        find_package(hip     REQUIRED)
-        find_package(hipblas REQUIRED)
-        find_package(rocblas REQUIRED)
-        list(APPEND _llama_link_deps hip::host roc::rocblas roc::hipblas)
-    endif()
-
-    if (GGML_SYCL)
-        find_package(DNNL)
-        if (${DNNL_FOUND} AND GGML_SYCL_TARGET STREQUAL "INTEL")
-            list(APPEND _llama_link_deps DNNL::dnnl)
-        endif()
-        if (WIN32)
-            find_package(IntelSYCL REQUIRED)
-            find_package(MKL       REQUIRED)
-            list(APPEND _llama_link_deps IntelSYCL::SYCL_CXX MKL::MKL MKL::MKL_SYCL)
-        endif()
-    endif()
-endif()
+find_package(ggml REQUIRED HINTS ${LLAMA_LIB_DIR}/cmake)
 
 find_library(llama_LIBRARY llama
     REQUIRED
@@ -167,12 +21,10 @@ add_library(llama UNKNOWN IMPORTED)
 set_target_properties(llama
     PROPERTIES
         INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${LLAMA_INCLUDE_DIR}"
-        INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "${_llama_link_deps}"
-        INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS   "${_llama_link_opts}"
-        INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "${_llama_transient_defines}"
+        INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "ggml::ggml;ggml::ggml-base;"
         IMPORTED_LINK_INTERFACE_LANGUAGES "CXX"
         IMPORTED_LOCATION "${llama_LIBRARY}"
-        INTERFACE_COMPILE_FEATURES cxx_std_11
-        POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON )
+        INTERFACE_COMPILE_FEATURES c_std_90
+        POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
 
 check_required_components(Llama)
diff --git a/common/CMakeLists.txt b/common/CMakeLists.txt
index df1cdf9a59..72f0915c12 100644
--- a/common/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/common/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@ add_library(${TARGET} STATIC
     arg.cpp
     arg.h
     base64.hpp
+    chat.cpp
+    chat.hpp
+    chat-template.hpp
     common.cpp
     common.h
     console.cpp
@@ -64,6 +67,7 @@ add_library(${TARGET} STATIC
     json.hpp
     log.cpp
     log.h
+    minja.hpp
     ngram-cache.cpp
     ngram-cache.h
     sampling.cpp
diff --git a/common/arg.cpp b/common/arg.cpp
index dede335fbc..f5e9b294f3 100644
--- a/common/arg.cpp
+++ b/common/arg.cpp
@@ -133,7 +133,8 @@ static void common_params_handle_model_default(
         const std::string & model_url,
         std::string & hf_repo,
         std::string & hf_file,
-        const std::string & hf_token) {
+        const std::string & hf_token,
+        const std::string & model_default) {
     if (!hf_repo.empty()) {
         // short-hand to avoid specifying --hf-file -> default it to --model
         if (hf_file.empty()) {
@@ -163,7 +164,7 @@ static void common_params_handle_model_default(
             model = fs_get_cache_file(string_split<std::string>(f, '/').back());
         }
     } else if (model.empty()) {
-        model = DEFAULT_MODEL_PATH;
+        model = model_default;
     }
 }
 
@@ -299,8 +300,9 @@ static bool common_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, common_params_context
     }
 
     // TODO: refactor model params in a common struct
-    common_params_handle_model_default(params.model,         params.model_url,         params.hf_repo,         params.hf_file,         params.hf_token);
-    common_params_handle_model_default(params.vocoder.model, params.vocoder.model_url, params.vocoder.hf_repo, params.vocoder.hf_file, params.hf_token);
+    common_params_handle_model_default(params.model,             params.model_url,             params.hf_repo,             params.hf_file,             params.hf_token, DEFAULT_MODEL_PATH);
+    common_params_handle_model_default(params.speculative.model, params.speculative.model_url, params.speculative.hf_repo, params.speculative.hf_file, params.hf_token, "");
+    common_params_handle_model_default(params.vocoder.model,     params.vocoder.model_url,     params.vocoder.hf_repo,     params.vocoder.hf_file,     params.hf_token, "");
 
     if (params.escape) {
         string_process_escapes(params.prompt);
@@ -323,6 +325,14 @@ static bool common_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, common_params_context
         throw std::invalid_argument("error: either --embedding or --reranking can be specified, but not both");
     }
 
+    if (!params.chat_template.empty() && !common_chat_verify_template(params.chat_template, params.use_jinja)) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(string_format(
+            "error: the supplied chat template is not supported: %s%s\n",
+            params.chat_template.c_str(),
+            params.use_jinja ? "" : "\nnote: llama.cpp was started without --jinja, we only support commonly used templates"
+        ));
+    }
+
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -867,7 +877,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
         [](common_params & params) {
             params.warmup = false;
         }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EMBEDDING}));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--spm-infill"},
         string_format(
@@ -1629,6 +1639,13 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.hf_repo = value;
         }
     ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_HF_REPO"));
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"-hfd", "-hfrd", "--hf-repo-draft"}, "<user>/<model>[:quant]",
+        "Same as --hf-repo, but for the draft model (default: unused)",
+        [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
+            params.speculative.hf_repo = value;
+        }
+    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_HFD_REPO"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"-hff", "--hf-file"}, "FILE",
         "Hugging Face model file. If specified, it will override the quant in --hf-repo (default: unused)",
@@ -1938,24 +1955,44 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             }
         }
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"--jinja"},
+        "use jinja template for chat (default: disabled)",
+        [](common_params & params) {
+            params.use_jinja = true;
+        }
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_JINJA"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--chat-template"}, "JINJA_TEMPLATE",
         string_format(
             "set custom jinja chat template (default: template taken from model's metadata)\n"
             "if suffix/prefix are specified, template will be disabled\n"
+            "only commonly used templates are accepted (unless --jinja is set before this flag):\n"
             "list of built-in templates:\n%s", list_builtin_chat_templates().c_str()
         ),
         [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            if (!common_chat_verify_template(value)) {
-                throw std::runtime_error(string_format(
-                    "error: the supplied chat template is not supported: %s\n"
-                    "note: llama.cpp does not use jinja parser, we only support commonly used templates\n",
-                    value.c_str()
-                ));
-            }
             params.chat_template = value;
         }
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_CHAT_TEMPLATE"));
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"--chat-template-file"}, "JINJA_TEMPLATE_FILE",
+        string_format(
+            "set custom jinja chat template file (default: template taken from model's metadata)\n"
+            "if suffix/prefix are specified, template will be disabled\n"
+            "only commonly used templates are accepted (unless --jinja is set before this flag):\n"
+            "list of built-in templates:\n%s", list_builtin_chat_templates().c_str()
+        ),
+        [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
+            std::ifstream file(value);
+            if (!file) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(string_format("error: failed to open file '%s'\n", value.c_str()));
+            }
+            std::copy(
+                std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(file),
+                std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(),
+                std::back_inserter(params.chat_template));
+        }
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_CHAT_TEMPLATE_FILE"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"-sps", "--slot-prompt-similarity"}, "SIMILARITY",
         string_format("how much the prompt of a request must match the prompt of a slot in order to use that slot (default: %.2f, 0.0 = disabled)\n", params.slot_prompt_similarity),
diff --git a/common/chat-template.hpp b/common/chat-template.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..58e119a3bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/chat-template.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+/*
+    Copyright 2024 Google LLC
+
+    Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
+    license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at
+    https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT.
+*/
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+#pragma once
+
+#include "minja.hpp"
+#include <json.hpp>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+using json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
+
+namespace minja {
+
+struct chat_template_caps {
+    bool supports_tools = false;
+    bool supports_tool_calls = false;
+    bool supports_tool_responses = false;
+    bool supports_system_role = false;
+    bool supports_parallel_tool_calls = false;
+    bool supports_tool_call_id = false;
+    // meta-llama/Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct expects arguments to be an object.
+    // Most other templates (and OpenAI's API) expect the arguments object to be stringified.
+    bool requires_object_arguments = false;
+    // CohereForAI/c4ai-command-r-plus simple variant
+    bool requires_non_null_content = false;
+    // MiniMaxAI/MiniMax-Text-01 special
+    bool requires_typed_content = false;
+};
+
+class chat_template {
+
+  private:
+    chat_template_caps caps_;
+    std::string source_;
+    std::string bos_token_;
+    std::string eos_token_;
+    std::shared_ptr<minja::TemplateNode> template_root_;
+
+    std::string try_raw_render(
+        const nlohmann::ordered_json & messages,
+        const nlohmann::ordered_json & tools,
+        bool add_generation_prompt,
+        const nlohmann::ordered_json & extra_context = nlohmann::ordered_json()) const
+    {
+        try {
+            auto prompt = apply(messages, tools, add_generation_prompt, extra_context, /* adjust_inputs= */ false);
+            // fprintf(stderr, "try_raw_render: %s\n", prompt.c_str());
+            return prompt;
+        } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+            // fprintf(stderr, "try_raw_render error: %s\n", e.what());
+            return "";
+        }
+    }
+
+  public:
+
+    chat_template(const std::string & source, const std::string & bos_token, const std::string & eos_token)
+        : source_(source), bos_token_(bos_token), eos_token_(eos_token)
+    {
+        template_root_ = minja::Parser::parse(source_, {
+            /* .trim_blocks = */ true,
+            /* .lstrip_blocks = */ true,
+            /* .keep_trailing_newline = */ false,
+        });
+
+        auto contains = [](const std::string & haystack, const std::string & needle) {
+            return haystack.find(needle) != std::string::npos;
+        };
+
+        const std::string user_needle = "<User Needle>";
+        const std::string sys_needle = "<System Needle>";
+        const json dummy_str_user_msg = {{"role", "user"}, {"content", user_needle}};
+        const json dummy_typed_user_msg = {{"role", "user"}, {"content", json::array({{{"type", "text"}, {"text", user_needle}}})}};
+
+        caps_.requires_typed_content =
+            !contains(try_raw_render(json::array({dummy_str_user_msg}), {}, false), user_needle)
+            && contains(try_raw_render(json::array({dummy_typed_user_msg}), {}, false), user_needle);
+
+        const auto dummy_user_msg = caps_.requires_typed_content
+            ? dummy_typed_user_msg
+            : dummy_str_user_msg;
+        const json needle_system_msg = {
+            {"role", "system"},
+            {"content", caps_.requires_typed_content ? json::array({{{"type", "text"}, {"text", sys_needle}}}) : json(sys_needle)},
+        };
+
+        caps_.supports_system_role = contains(try_raw_render({needle_system_msg, dummy_user_msg,}, {}, false), sys_needle);
+
+        auto out = try_raw_render(json::array({
+            dummy_user_msg
+        }), json::array({
+            {
+                {"name", "some_tool"},
+                {"type", "function"},
+                {"function", {
+                    {"name", "some_tool"},
+                    {"description", "Some tool."},
+                    {"parameters", {
+                        {"type", "object"},
+                        {"properties", {
+                            {"arg", {
+                                {"type", "string"},
+                                {"description", "Some argument."},
+                            }},
+                        }},
+                        {"required", json::array({ "arg" })},
+                    }},
+                }},
+            },
+        }), false);
+        caps_.supports_tools = contains(out, "some_tool");
+
+        auto make_tool_calls_msg = [&](const json & tool_calls) {
+            return json {
+                {"role", "assistant"},
+                {"content", nullptr},
+                {"tool_calls", tool_calls},
+            };
+        };
+        auto make_tool_call = [](const std::string & tool_name, const json & arguments) {
+            return json {
+                {"id", "call_1___"},
+                {"type", "function"},
+                {"function", {
+                    {"arguments", arguments},
+                    {"name", tool_name},
+                }},
+            };
+        };
+        const json dummy_args_obj {{"argument_needle", "print('Hello, World!')"}};
+
+        // Note: the arguments are rendered in both cases, but may be double-escaped, which we don't want.
+        out = try_raw_render(json::array({
+            dummy_user_msg,
+            make_tool_calls_msg(json::array({make_tool_call("ipython", dummy_args_obj.dump())})),
+        }), {}, false);
+        auto tool_call_renders_str_arguments = contains(out, "\"argument_needle\":") || contains(out, "'argument_needle':");
+        out = try_raw_render(json::array({
+            dummy_user_msg,
+            make_tool_calls_msg(json::array({make_tool_call("ipython", dummy_args_obj)})),
+        }), {}, false);
+        auto tool_call_renders_obj_arguments = contains(out, "\"argument_needle\":") || contains(out, "'argument_needle':");
+
+        caps_.supports_tool_calls = tool_call_renders_str_arguments || tool_call_renders_obj_arguments;
+        caps_.requires_object_arguments = !tool_call_renders_str_arguments && tool_call_renders_obj_arguments;
+        auto out_empty = try_raw_render(json::array({dummy_user_msg, {{"role", "assistant"}, {"content", ""}}}), {}, false);
+        auto out_null = try_raw_render(json::array({dummy_user_msg, {{"role", "assistant"}, {"content", nullptr}}}), {}, false);
+        caps_.requires_non_null_content = contains(out_empty, user_needle) && !contains(out_null, user_needle);
+
+        if (caps_.supports_tool_calls) {
+            auto dummy_args = caps_.requires_object_arguments ? dummy_args_obj : json(dummy_args_obj.dump());
+            auto tc1 = make_tool_call("test_tool1", dummy_args);
+            auto tc2 = make_tool_call("test_tool2", dummy_args);
+            auto out = try_raw_render(json::array({
+                dummy_user_msg,
+                make_tool_calls_msg(json::array({tc1, tc2})),
+            }), {}, false);
+            caps_.supports_parallel_tool_calls = contains(out, "test_tool1") && contains(out, "test_tool2");
+
+            out = try_raw_render(json::array({
+                dummy_user_msg,
+                make_tool_calls_msg(json::array({tc1})),
+                {
+                    {"role", "tool"},
+                    {"name", "test_tool1"},
+                    {"content", "Some response!"},
+                    {"tool_call_id", "call_911_"},
+                }
+            }), {}, false);
+            caps_.supports_tool_responses = contains(out, "Some response!");
+            caps_.supports_tool_call_id = contains(out, "call_911_");
+        }
+    }
+
+    const std::string & source() const { return source_; }
+    const std::string & bos_token() const { return bos_token_; }
+    const std::string & eos_token() const { return eos_token_; }
+    const chat_template_caps & original_caps() const { return caps_; }
+
+    std::string apply(
+        const nlohmann::ordered_json & messages,
+        const nlohmann::ordered_json & tools,
+        bool add_generation_prompt,
+        const nlohmann::ordered_json & extra_context = nlohmann::ordered_json(),
+        bool adjust_inputs = true) const
+    {
+        json actual_messages;
+
+        auto needs_adjustments = adjust_inputs && (false
+            || !caps_.supports_system_role
+            || !caps_.supports_tools
+            || !caps_.supports_tool_responses
+            || !caps_.supports_tool_calls
+            || caps_.requires_object_arguments
+            || caps_.requires_typed_content
+        );
+        if (needs_adjustments) {
+            actual_messages = json::array();
+
+            auto add_message = [&](const json & msg) {
+                if (caps_.requires_typed_content && msg.contains("content") && !msg.at("content").is_null() && msg.at("content").is_string()) {
+                    actual_messages.push_back({
+                        {"role", msg.at("role")},
+                        {"content", {{
+                            {"type", "text"},
+                            {"text", msg.at("content")},
+                        }}},
+                    });
+                } else {
+                    actual_messages.push_back(msg);
+                }
+            };
+
+            std::string pending_system;
+            auto flush_sys = [&]() {
+                if (!pending_system.empty()) {
+                    add_message({
+                        {"role", "user"},
+                        {"content", pending_system},
+                    });
+                    pending_system.clear();
+                }
+            };
+            auto needs_tools_in_system = !tools.is_null() && tools.size() > 0 && !caps_.supports_tools;
+
+            for (const auto & message_ : needs_tools_in_system ? add_system(messages, "Available tools: " + tools.dump(2)) : messages) {
+                auto message = message_;
+                if (!message.contains("role") || !message.contains("content")) {
+                    throw std::runtime_error("message must have 'role' and 'content' fields: " + message.dump());
+                }
+                std::string role = message.at("role");
+
+                if (message.contains("tool_calls")) {
+                    if (caps_.requires_object_arguments || !caps_.supports_tool_calls) {
+                        for (auto & tool_call : message.at("tool_calls")) {
+                            if (tool_call["type"] == "function") {
+                                auto & function = tool_call.at("function");
+                                auto & arguments = function.at("arguments");
+                                if (arguments.is_string()) {
+                                    try {
+                                        arguments = json::parse(arguments.get<std::string>());
+                                    } catch (const std::exception & ecvt) {
+                                        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to parse arguments: %s\n", ecvt.what());
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (!caps_.supports_tool_calls) {
+                        auto content = message.at("content");
+                        auto tool_calls = json::array();
+                        for (const auto & tool_call : message.at("tool_calls")) {
+                            if (tool_call.at("type") != "function") {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            const auto & function = tool_call.at("function");
+                            auto tc = json {
+                                {"name", function.at("name")},
+                                {"arguments", function.at("arguments")},
+                            };
+                            if (tool_call.contains("id")) {
+                                tc["id"] = tool_call["id"];
+                            }
+                            tool_calls.push_back(tc);
+                        }
+                        auto obj = json {
+                            {"tool_calls", tool_calls},
+                        };
+                        if (!content.is_null() && content != "") {
+                            obj["content"] = content;
+                        }
+                        message["content"] = obj.dump(2);
+                        message.erase("tool_calls");
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!caps_.supports_tool_responses && role == "tool") {
+                    message["role"] = "user";
+                    auto obj = json {
+                        {"tool_response", {
+                            {"content", message.at("content")},
+                        }},
+                    };
+                    if (message.contains("name")) {
+                        obj["tool_response"]["name"] = message.at("name");
+                    }
+                    if (message.contains("tool_call_id")) {
+                        obj["tool_response"]["tool_call_id"] = message.at("tool_call_id");
+                    }
+                    message["content"] = obj.dump(2);
+                    message.erase("name");
+                }
+
+                if (!message["content"].is_null() && !caps_.supports_system_role) {
+                    std::string content = message.at("content");
+                    if (role == "system") {
+                        if (!pending_system.empty()) pending_system += "\n";
+                        pending_system += content;
+                        continue;
+                    } else {
+                        if (role == "user") {
+                            if (!pending_system.empty()) {
+                                message["content"] = pending_system + (content.empty() ? "" : "\n" + content);
+                                pending_system.clear();
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            flush_sys();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                add_message(message);
+            }
+            if (!caps_.supports_system_role) {
+                flush_sys();
+            }
+        } else {
+            actual_messages = messages;
+        }
+
+        auto context = minja::Context::make(json({
+            {"messages", actual_messages},
+            {"add_generation_prompt", add_generation_prompt},
+            {"bos_token", bos_token_},
+            {"eos_token", eos_token_},
+        }));
+
+        if (!tools.is_null()) {
+            auto tools_val = minja::Value(tools);
+            context->set("tools", tools_val);
+        }
+        if (!extra_context.is_null()) {
+            for (auto & kv : extra_context.items()) {
+                minja::Value val(kv.value());
+                context->set(kv.key(), val);
+            }
+        }
+
+        auto ret = template_root_->render(context);
+        // fprintf(stderr, "actual_messages: %s\n", actual_messages.dump(2).c_str());
+        // fprintf(stderr, "apply: %s\n\n", ret.c_str());
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    static nlohmann::ordered_json add_system(const nlohmann::ordered_json & messages, const std::string & system_prompt) {
+        json messages_with_system = messages;
+
+        if (messages_with_system.size() > 0 && messages_with_system[0].at("role") == "system") {
+            std::string existing_system = messages_with_system.at(0).at("content");
+            messages_with_system[0] = json {
+                {"role", "system"},
+                {"content", existing_system + "\n" + system_prompt},
+            };
+        } else {
+            messages_with_system.insert(messages_with_system.begin(), json {
+                {"role", "system"},
+                {"content", system_prompt},
+            });
+        }
+        return messages_with_system;
+    }
+};
+
+}  // namespace minja
diff --git a/common/chat.cpp b/common/chat.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..58db12af9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/chat.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,861 @@
+#include "chat.hpp"
+#include "chat-template.hpp"
+#include "json-schema-to-grammar.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "minja.hpp"
+
+std::string common_chat_format_name(common_chat_format format) {
+    switch (format) {
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_CONTENT_ONLY: return "Content-only";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GENERIC: return "Generic";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_MISTRAL_NEMO: return "Mistral Nemo";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X: return "Llama 3.x";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X_WITH_BUILTIN_TOOLS: return "Llama 3.x with builtin tools";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_R1: return "DeepSeek R1";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FIREFUNCTION_V2: return "FireFunction v2";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_2: return "Functionary v3.2";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_1_LLAMA_3_1: return "Functionary v3.1 Llama 3.1";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_HERMES_2_PRO: return "Hermes 2 Pro";
+        default:
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unknown chat format");
+    }
+}
+
+const common_grammar_options grammar_options {
+    /* .dotall = */ false,
+    /* .compact_spaces = */ false,
+    // /* .compact_spaces = */ true,
+};
+
+static bool parse_json(std::string::const_iterator & it, const std::string::const_iterator & end, json & out) {
+    // // https://json.nlohmann.me/features/parsing/sax_interface/
+    struct json_error_locator : public nlohmann::json_sax<json> {
+        std::size_t position;
+        bool found_error;
+
+        json_error_locator() : position(0), found_error(false) {}
+
+        bool parse_error(std::size_t position, const std::string &, const json::exception &) override {
+            this->position = position - 1;
+            this->found_error = true;
+            return false;
+        }
+        bool null() override { return true; }
+        bool boolean(bool) override { return true; }
+        bool number_integer(number_integer_t) override { return true; }
+        bool number_unsigned(number_unsigned_t) override { return true; }
+        bool number_float(number_float_t, const string_t &) override { return true; }
+        bool string(string_t &) override { return true; }
+        bool binary(binary_t &) override { return true; }
+        bool start_object(std::size_t) override { return true; }
+        bool key(string_t &) override { return true; }
+        bool end_object() override { return true; }
+        bool start_array(std::size_t) override { return true; }
+        bool end_array() override { return true; }
+    };
+    json_error_locator err_loc;
+    json::sax_parse(it, end, &err_loc);
+
+    std::string::const_iterator temptative_end;
+    if (err_loc.found_error) {
+        temptative_end = it + err_loc.position;
+    } else {
+        temptative_end = end;
+    }
+    std::string json_sub {it, temptative_end};
+    try {
+        out = json::parse(json_sub);
+        it = temptative_end;
+        return true;
+    } catch (const std::exception &) {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Takes a prefix regex that must have 1 group to capture the function name, a closing suffix, and expects json parameters in between.
+ * Aggregates the prefix, suffix and in-between text into the content.
+ */
+static common_chat_msg parse_json_tool_calls(
+    const std::string& input,
+    const std::optional<std::regex> & trigger_opt,
+    const std::regex & function_regex,
+    const std::regex & close_regex) {
+    std::smatch match;
+
+    common_chat_msg result;
+    result.role = "assistant";
+
+
+    auto end = input.end();
+    auto it = input.begin();
+
+    if (trigger_opt) {
+        if (!std::regex_search(it, end, match, *trigger_opt)) {
+            result.content = input;
+            return result;
+        }
+        result.content = match.prefix().str();
+        it = match.suffix().first;
+    }
+
+    while (it != end) {
+        std::sregex_iterator rend;
+        std::sregex_iterator rit(it, end, function_regex);
+        if (rit == rend) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "No more tool calls found\n");
+            result.content += std::string(it, end);
+            break;
+        }
+        auto name = rit->str(1);
+        result.content += std::string(it, rit->prefix().second);
+        it = rit->suffix().first;
+
+        json arguments;
+        if (!parse_json(it, end, arguments)) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Failed to parse json tool call arguments");
+        }
+        if (!std::regex_search(it, end, match, close_regex)) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Malformed input, missing closing pattern");
+        }
+        it = match.suffix().first;
+        result.tool_calls.push_back({name, arguments.is_string() ? arguments.get<std::string>() : arguments.dump(), /* id= */ ""});
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+static common_chat_msg parse_prefixed_json_tool_call_array(const std::string& input, const std::string & prefix, size_t rstrip_prefix = 0) {
+    auto content_end = input.find(prefix);
+    size_t tc_start = std::string::npos;
+
+    common_chat_msg result;
+    result.role = "assistant";
+    const auto process_tool_calls = [&](const json & tool_calls) {
+        for (const auto & tool_call : tool_calls) {
+            const auto & arguments = tool_call["arguments"];
+            result.tool_calls.push_back({
+                tool_call["name"],
+                arguments.is_string() ? arguments.get<std::string>() : arguments.dump(),
+                tool_call.contains("id") ? tool_call["id"] : "",
+            });
+        }
+    };
+    if (content_end == std::string::npos) {
+        result.content = input;
+    } else {
+        tc_start = content_end + prefix.size() - rstrip_prefix;
+        result.content = input.substr(0, content_end);
+        auto tool_calls = json::parse(input.substr(tc_start));
+        process_tool_calls(tool_calls);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+static void foreach_function(const json & tools, const std::function<void(const json &)> & fn) {
+    for (const auto & tool : tools) {
+        if (!tool.contains("type") || tool["type"] != "function" || !tool.contains("function")) {
+            LOG_INF("Skipping tool without function: %s", tool.dump(2).c_str());
+            continue;
+        }
+        fn(tool);
+    }
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_generic(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct common_chat_inputs & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+
+    auto tool_call_schemas = json::array();
+    foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+        const auto & function = tool["function"];
+        auto tool_schema = json {
+            {"type", "object"},
+            {"properties", {
+                {"name", {
+                    {"type", "string"},
+                    {"const", function["name"]},
+                }},
+                {"arguments", function["parameters"]},
+            }},
+            {"required", json::array({"name", "arguments"})},
+        };
+        if (function.contains("description")) {
+            tool_schema["description"] = function["description"];
+        }
+        if (inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
+            tool_schema["properties"]["id"] = {
+                {"type", "string"},
+                {"minLength", 4},
+            };
+            tool_schema["required"].push_back("id");
+        }
+        tool_call_schemas.emplace_back(tool_schema);
+    });
+    const auto tool_call =
+        inputs.parallel_tool_calls
+            ? json {
+                {"type", "object"},
+                {"properties", {
+                    {"tool_calls", {
+                        {"type", "array"},
+                        {"items", tool_call_schemas.size() == 1 ? tool_call_schemas[0] : json {
+                            {"anyOf", tool_call_schemas},
+                        }},
+                        {"minItems", 1},
+                    }},
+                }},
+                {"required", json::array({"tool_calls"})},
+            }
+            : json {
+                {"type", "object"},
+                {"properties", {
+                    {"tool_call", tool_call_schemas.size() == 1 ? tool_call_schemas[0] : json {
+                        {"anyOf", tool_call_schemas},
+                    }},
+                }},
+                {"required", json::array({"tool_call"})},
+            };
+    const auto schema =
+        inputs.tool_choice != "required"
+            ? json {
+                {"anyOf", json::array({
+                    tool_call,
+                    {
+                        {"type", "object"},
+                        {"properties", {
+                            {"response", inputs.json_schema.is_null()
+                                ? json {{"type", "string"}}
+                                : inputs.json_schema
+                            },
+                        }},
+                        {"required", json::array({"response"})},
+                    },
+                })}
+            }
+            : tool_call;
+
+    data.grammar_lazy = false;
+    data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+        builder.add_schema("root", schema);
+    }, grammar_options);
+
+    auto tweaked_messages = common_chat_template::add_system(
+        inputs.messages,
+        "Respond in JSON format, either with `tool_call` (a request to call tools) or with `response` reply to the user's request");
+
+    data.prompt = tmpl.apply(tweaked_messages, inputs.tools.empty() ? json() : inputs.tools, inputs.add_generation_prompt);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GENERIC;
+    return data;
+}
+static common_chat_msg common_chat_parse_generic(const std::string & input) {
+    json data = json::parse(input);
+    common_chat_msg result;
+    result.role = "assistant";
+    if (data.contains("tool_calls")) {
+        for (const auto & tool_call : data["tool_calls"]) {
+            result.tool_calls.push_back({
+                tool_call["name"],
+                tool_call["arguments"].dump(),
+                tool_call.contains("id") ? tool_call["id"] : "",
+            });
+        }
+    } else if (data.contains("tool_call")) {
+        result.tool_calls.push_back({
+            data["tool_call"]["name"],
+            data["tool_call"]["arguments"].dump(),
+            /* id= */ "",
+        });
+    } else if (data.contains("response")) {
+        const auto & response = data["response"];
+        result.content = response.is_string() ? response.get<std::string>() : response.dump(2);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_mistral_nemo(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct common_chat_inputs & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != "required";
+    data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+        auto schemas = json::array();
+        foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+            const auto & function = tool["function"];
+            schemas.push_back({
+                {"type", "object"},
+                {"properties", {
+                    // Important note: the model is probably trained to take a JSON stringified arguments value.
+                    // It's hard to constrain that for now (while reusing the JSON schema conversion), so we're just expecting a plain object.
+                    {"name", {
+                        {"type", "string"},
+                        {"const", function["name"]},
+                    }},
+                    {"arguments", function["parameters"]},
+                    {"id", {
+                        {"type", "string"},
+                        // Nemo's template expects a 9-character alphanumeric ID.
+                        {"pattern", "^[a-zA-Z0-9]{9}$"},
+                    }},
+                }},
+                {"required", json::array({"name", "arguments", "id"})},
+            });
+        });
+        auto schema = json {
+            {"type", "array"},
+            {"items", schemas.size() == 1 ? schemas[0] : json {{"anyOf", schemas}}},
+            {"minItems", 1},
+        };
+        if (!inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
+            schema["maxItems"] = 1;
+        }
+        builder.add_rule("root", "\"[TOOL_CALLS]\" " + builder.add_schema("tool_calls", schema));
+    }, grammar_options);
+    data.grammar_triggers.push_back({"[TOOL_CALLS]", /* .at_start = */ true});
+    data.prompt = tmpl.apply(inputs.messages, inputs.tools.empty() ? json() : inputs.tools, inputs.add_generation_prompt);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_MISTRAL_NEMO;
+    return data;
+}
+static common_chat_msg common_chat_parse_mistral_nemo(const std::string & input) {
+    return parse_prefixed_json_tool_call_array(input, "[TOOL_CALLS]");
+}
+
+static void expect_tool_parameters(const std::string & name, const json & parameters, const std::vector<std::string> & expected_properties) {
+    if (!parameters.is_object() || !parameters.contains("type") || parameters["type"] != "object" || !parameters.contains("properties") || !parameters.contains("required")) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Parameters of tool " + name + " must be an object w/ required properties");
+    }
+    const auto & parameters_properties = parameters.at("properties");
+    const auto & parameters_required = parameters.at("required");
+    for (const auto & prop : expected_properties) {
+        if (!parameters_properties.contains(prop)) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Parameters of tool " + name + " is missing property: " + prop);
+        }
+        if (std::find(parameters_required.begin(), parameters_required.end(), json(prop)) == parameters_required.end()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Parameters of tool " + name + " must have property marked as required: " + prop);
+        }
+    }
+    if (parameters_properties.size() != expected_properties.size()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Parameters of tool " + name + " must only have these properties:" + string_join(expected_properties, ", "));
+    }
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_llama_3_1_tool_calls(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct common_chat_inputs & inputs, bool allow_python_tag_builtin_tools) {
+    auto builtin_tools = json::array();
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != "required";
+    data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+        std::vector<std::string> tool_rules;
+
+        auto handle_builtin_tool = [&](const std::string & name, const json & parameters) {
+            if (name == "wolfram_alpha") {
+                // https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-stack/blob/main/llama_stack/providers/remote/tool_runtime/wolfram_alpha/wolfram_alpha.py
+                expect_tool_parameters(name, parameters, {"query"});
+            } else if (name == "web_search" || name == "brave_search") {
+                // https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-stack/blob/main/llama_stack/providers/remote/tool_runtime/brave_search/brave_search.py
+                expect_tool_parameters(name, parameters, {"query"});
+            } else if (name == "python" || name == "code_interpreter") {
+                // https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-stack/blob/main/llama_stack/providers/inline/tool_runtime/code_interpreter/code_interpreter.py
+                expect_tool_parameters(name, parameters, {"code"});
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            std::vector<std::string> kvs;
+            for (const auto & [key, value] : parameters.at("properties").items()) {
+                kvs.push_back("\"" + key + "=\" " + builder.add_schema(name + "-args-" + key, value));
+            }
+
+            tool_rules.push_back(
+                builder.add_rule(
+                    name + "-call",
+                    "\"<|python_tag|>" + name + ".call(\" " + string_join(kvs, " \", \" ") + " \")\""));
+            builtin_tools.push_back(name);
+
+            return true;
+        };
+
+        foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+            const auto & function = tool["function"];
+            std::string name = function["name"];
+            auto parameters = function["parameters"];
+            builder.resolve_refs(parameters);
+
+            // https://github.com/meta-llama/llama-stack/tree/main/llama_stack/providers/remote/tool_runtime
+            if (allow_python_tag_builtin_tools) {
+                handle_builtin_tool(name, parameters);
+            }
+            tool_rules.push_back(
+                builder.add_rule(
+                    name + "-call",
+                    "\"{\" space "
+                    "( \"\\\"type\\\":\" space \"\\\"function\\\",\" space )? "
+                    "\"\\\"name\\\": \\\"" + name + "\\\", \\\"parameters\\\": \" " +
+                        builder.add_schema(name + "-args", parameters) +
+                    " \"}\""));
+            data.grammar_triggers.push_back({"{\"name\": \"" + name + "\"", /* .at_start = */ true});
+        });
+        data.grammar_triggers.push_back({"{\"name\":", /* .at_start = */ true});
+        data.grammar_triggers.push_back({"{\n  \"name\":", /* .at_start = */ true});
+        data.grammar_triggers.push_back({"{\n    \"name\":", /* .at_start = */ true});
+        data.grammar_triggers.push_back({"{\"type\": \"function\"", /* .at_start = */ true});
+        data.grammar_triggers.push_back({"{\n  \"type\": \"function\"", /* .at_start = */ true});
+        data.grammar_triggers.push_back({"{\n    \"type\": \"function\"", /* .at_start = */ true});
+        if (!builtin_tools.empty()) {
+            data.grammar_triggers.push_back({"<|python_tag|>", /* .at_start = */ false});
+        }
+        builder.add_rule("root", string_join(tool_rules, " | "));
+    }, grammar_options);
+    data.additional_stops.push_back("<|eom_id|>");
+    data.prompt = tmpl.apply(inputs.messages, inputs.tools.empty() ? json() : inputs.tools, inputs.add_generation_prompt, {
+        {"tools_in_user_message", false},
+        {"builtin_tools", builtin_tools.empty() ? json() : builtin_tools},
+    });
+    data.format = allow_python_tag_builtin_tools && !builtin_tools.empty()
+        ? COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X_WITH_BUILTIN_TOOLS
+        : COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X;
+    return data;
+}
+static common_chat_msg common_chat_parse_llama_3_1(const std::string & input, bool with_builtin_tools = false) {
+    // TODO: tighten & simplify the parser, don't accept leading text context.
+    static std::regex function_regex("\\{[\\s\\n\\r]*(?:\"type\"[\\s\\n\\r]*:[\\s\\n\\r]*\"function\"[\\s\\n\\r]*,[\\s\\n\\r]*|[\\s\\n\\r]*)\"name\"[\\s\\n\\r]*:[\\s\\n\\r]*\"([^\"]+)\"[\\s\\n\\r]*,[\\s\\n\\r]*\"parameters\": ");
+    static std::regex close_regex("\\}");
+    static std::regex builtin_call_regex("<\\|python_tag\\|>([^.(]+)\\.call\\((.*)\\)");
+
+    if (with_builtin_tools) {
+        std::smatch match;
+        if (std::regex_match(input, match, builtin_call_regex)) {
+            auto name = match[1].str();
+            auto raw_args = match[2].str();
+
+            // TODO: if/when builtin tools start accepting more than 1 argument, use parse_json for real parsing.
+            auto it_eq = raw_args.find('=');
+            auto arg_name = raw_args.substr(0, it_eq);
+            auto arg_value_str = raw_args.substr(it_eq + 1);
+            auto arg_value = json::parse(arg_value_str);
+
+            return {
+                /* .role = */ "assistant",
+                /* .content = */ match.prefix().str(),
+                /* .tool_calls = */ {
+                    {
+                        /* .name = */ match[1],
+                        /* .arguments = */ (json {
+                            {arg_name, arg_value},
+                        }).dump(),
+                        /* .id = */ "",
+                    },
+                },
+            };
+        }
+    }
+    return parse_json_tool_calls(input, std::nullopt, function_regex, close_regex);
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_deepseek_r1(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct common_chat_inputs & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != "required";
+    data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+        std::vector<std::string> tool_rules;
+        foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+            const auto & function = tool["function"];
+            std::string name = function["name"];
+            auto parameters = function["parameters"];
+            auto args_rule = builder.add_schema(name + "-args", parameters);
+            tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule(name + "-call",
+                "\"<｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>" + name + "\\n```json\\n\" " + args_rule + " \"```<｜tool▁call▁end｜>\""));
+        });
+        data.grammar_triggers.push_back({"<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>", /* .at_start = */ false});
+        builder.add_rule("root", "\"<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>\" (" + string_join(tool_rules, " | ") + ")" + (inputs.parallel_tool_calls ? "*" : "") + " space");
+    }, grammar_options);
+    data.prompt = tmpl.apply(inputs.messages, inputs.tools.empty() ? json() : inputs.tools, inputs.add_generation_prompt);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_R1;
+    return data;
+}
+static common_chat_msg common_chat_parse_deepseek_r1(const std::string & input) {
+    static std::regex trigger_regex("<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>");
+    static std::regex function_regex("<｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>([^\n]+)\n```json\n");
+    static std::regex close_regex("```<｜tool▁call▁end｜>");
+    return parse_json_tool_calls(input, trigger_regex, function_regex, close_regex);
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_firefunction_v2(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct common_chat_inputs & inputs) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", __func__);
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.prompt = tmpl.apply(inputs.messages, /* tools= */ nullptr, inputs.add_generation_prompt, {
+        {"datetime", "Jan 29 2025 13:00:00 GMT"},
+        {"functions", json(inputs.tools.empty() ? "" : inputs.tools.dump(2))},
+    }, /* adjust_inputs= */ false);
+    if (!inputs.tools.is_null() && !inputs.tools.empty()) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != "required";
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            auto schemas = json::array();
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool["function"];
+                schemas.push_back({
+                    {"type", "object"},
+                    {"properties", {
+                        {"name", {
+                            {"type", "string"},
+                            {"const", function["name"]},
+                        }},
+                        {"arguments", function["parameters"]},
+                    }},
+                    {"required", json::array({"name", "arguments", "id"})},
+                });
+            });
+            auto schema = json {
+                {"type", "array"},
+                {"items", schemas.size() == 1 ? schemas[0] : json {{"anyOf", schemas}}},
+                {"minItems", 1},
+            };
+            if (!inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
+                schema["maxItems"] = 1;
+            }
+            builder.add_rule("root", "\" functools\"? " + builder.add_schema("tool_calls", schema));
+        }, grammar_options);
+        data.grammar_triggers.push_back({" functools[", /* .at_start = */ false});
+        data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FIREFUNCTION_V2;
+    } else {
+        data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_CONTENT_ONLY;
+    }
+    return data;
+}
+static common_chat_msg common_chat_parse_firefunction_v2(const std::string & input) {
+    return parse_prefixed_json_tool_call_array(input, " functools[", /* rstrip_prefix= */ 1);
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_functionary_v3_2(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct common_chat_inputs & inputs) {
+    // >>>all\nlet's call functions>>>fn1\n{"arg1": 1...}\n>>>fn2\n{"arg1": 1...}...
+    // Using ">>>f1\n", ">>>f2\n"... as trigger words for the grammar
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.prompt = tmpl.apply(inputs.messages, inputs.tools.empty() ? json() : inputs.tools, inputs.add_generation_prompt);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_2;
+    if (!inputs.tools.is_null() && !inputs.tools.empty()) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != "required";
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            std::vector<std::string> first_tool_rules;
+            std::vector<std::string> subsequent_tool_rules;
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool["function"];
+                std::string name = function["name"];
+                auto parameters = function["parameters"];
+                auto args_rule = builder.add_schema(name + "-args", parameters);
+                first_tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule(name + "-call", "\"" + name + "\\n\" " + args_rule));
+                subsequent_tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule(name + "-call2", "\">>>" + name + "\\n\" " + args_rule));
+                data.grammar_triggers.push_back({name, /* .at_start = */ true});
+                data.grammar_triggers.push_back({">>>" + name, /* .at_start = */ false});
+            });
+            auto first_rule = first_tool_rules.empty() ? "" : builder.add_rule("first_tool_call", string_join(first_tool_rules, " | ")) + " space";
+            if (inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
+                auto subsequent_rule = builder.add_rule("subsequent_tool_call", string_join(subsequent_tool_rules, " | ")) + " space";
+                builder.add_rule("root", first_rule + " (" + subsequent_rule + ")*");
+            } else {
+                builder.add_rule("root", first_rule);
+            }
+
+        }, grammar_options);
+    }
+    return data;
+}
+
+static bool consume(std::string::const_iterator & it, const std::string::const_iterator & end, const std::string & expected) {
+    auto expected_it = expected.begin();
+    auto tmp_it = it;
+    while (tmp_it != end && expected_it != expected.end() && *tmp_it == *expected_it) {
+        ++tmp_it;
+        ++expected_it;
+    }
+    if (expected_it == expected.end()) {
+        it = tmp_it;
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+static common_chat_msg common_chat_parse_functionary_v3_2(const std::string & input) {
+    static std::regex function_regex(R"((?:>>>)?(\w+)\n)");
+    static std::regex close_regex(R"($|(?=>>>))");
+
+    std::string content;
+    auto it = input.begin();
+    const auto end = input.end();
+
+    if (consume(it, end, "all\n")) {
+        std::smatch match;
+        if (std::regex_search(it, end, match, function_regex)) {
+            auto fun_it = match.prefix().second;
+            content = std::string(it, fun_it);
+            it = fun_it;
+        } else {
+            common_chat_msg res;
+            res.role = "assistant";
+            res.content = std::string(it, end);
+            return res;
+        }
+    }
+    // TODO: tighten & simplify.
+    try {
+        auto res = parse_json_tool_calls(std::string(it, end), std::nullopt, function_regex, close_regex);
+        res.content = content + res.content;
+        return res;
+    } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+        LOG_ERR("Failed to parse functionary v3.2 input: %s\n", e.what());
+        common_chat_msg res;
+        res.role = "assistant";
+        res.content = input;
+        return res;
+    }
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_functionary_v3_1_llama_3_1(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct common_chat_inputs & inputs) {
+    // https://github.com/MeetKai/functionary/blob/main/tests/prompt_test_v3-llama3.1.txt
+    common_chat_params data;
+    json tools = inputs.tools.is_null() ? inputs.tools : json::array();
+    std::string python_code_argument_name;
+    auto has_raw_python = false;
+
+    data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != "required";
+    data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+        std::vector<std::string> tool_rules;
+        foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+            const auto & function = tool["function"];
+            const auto & parameters = function["parameters"];
+            std::string name = function["name"];
+            if (name == "python" || name == "ipython") {
+                if (!parameters.contains("type")) {
+                    throw std::runtime_error("Missing type in python tool");
+                }
+                has_raw_python = true;
+                auto type = parameters.at("type");
+                if (type == "object") {
+                    auto properties = parameters.at("properties");
+                    for (auto it = properties.begin(); it != properties.end(); ++it) {
+                        if (it.value().at("type") == "string") {
+                            if (!python_code_argument_name.empty()) {
+                                throw std::runtime_error("Multiple string arguments found in python tool");
+                            }
+                            python_code_argument_name = it.key();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (python_code_argument_name.empty()) {
+                        throw std::runtime_error("No string argument found in python tool");
+                    }
+                } else if (type != "string") {
+                    throw std::runtime_error("Invalid type in python tool: " + type.dump());
+                }
+            }
+            tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule(name + "-call", "\"<function=" + name + ">\" " + builder.add_schema(name + "-args", parameters) + " \"</function>\" space"));
+        });
+        if (has_raw_python) {
+            tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule("python-call", "\"<|python_tag|>\" .*"));
+            data.grammar_triggers.push_back({"<|python_tag|>", /* .at_start = */ false});
+        }
+        auto tool_call = builder.add_rule("tool_call", string_join(tool_rules, " | ")) + " space";
+        builder.add_rule("root", inputs.parallel_tool_calls ? "(" + tool_call + ")+" : tool_call);
+        data.grammar_triggers.push_back({"<function=", /* .at_start = */ false});
+    }, grammar_options);
+
+    data.prompt = tmpl.apply(inputs.messages, inputs.tools.empty() ? json() : inputs.tools, inputs.add_generation_prompt);
+    // TODO: if (has_raw_python)
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_1_LLAMA_3_1;
+    return data;
+}
+static common_chat_msg common_chat_parse_functionary_v3_1_llama_3_1(const std::string & input) {
+    // This version of Functionary still supports the llama 3.1 tool call format for the python tool.
+    static std::regex python_tag_regex(R"(<\|python_tag\|>([\s\S\n]*)$)");
+    std::smatch match;
+    if (std::regex_search(input, match, python_tag_regex)) {
+        auto code = match[1].str();
+        return {
+            /* .role = */ "assistant",
+            /* .content = */ match.prefix().str(),
+            /* .tool_calls = */ {
+                {
+                    /* .name = */ "python",
+                    /* .arguments = */ (json {{"code", code}}).dump(),
+                    /* .id = */ "",
+                },
+            }
+        };
+    }
+    static std::regex function_regex(R"(<function=(\w+)>)");
+    static std::regex close_regex(R"(</function>)");
+    // TODO: tighten & simplify.
+    return parse_json_tool_calls(input, std::nullopt, function_regex, close_regex);
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_hermes_2_pro(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct common_chat_inputs & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+    // (content)?(<tool_call>{"name": "foo", "arguments": {"a": 1}}</tool_call>)*
+    data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != "required";
+    data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+        std::vector<std::string> tool_rules;
+        foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+            const auto & function = tool["function"];
+            std::string name = function["name"];
+            auto parameters = function["parameters"];
+            builder.resolve_refs(parameters);
+            tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_schema(name + "-call", {
+                {"type", "object"},
+                {"properties", json {
+                    {"name", json {{"const", name}}},
+                    {"arguments", parameters},
+                }},
+                {"required", json::array({"name", "arguments"})},
+            }));
+        });
+        auto tool_call = "\"<tool_call>\" space " + builder.add_rule("tool_call", string_join(tool_rules, " | ")) + " \"</tool_call>\" space";
+        builder.add_rule("root", inputs.parallel_tool_calls ? "(" + tool_call + ")+" : tool_call);
+        data.grammar_triggers.push_back({"<tool_call>", /* .at_start = */ false});
+        // Not really a trigger but need to print this special token to get a successful parse.
+        data.grammar_triggers.push_back({"</tool_call>", /* .at_start = */ false});
+    }, grammar_options);
+
+    data.prompt = tmpl.apply(inputs.messages, inputs.tools.empty() ? json() : inputs.tools, inputs.add_generation_prompt);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_HERMES_2_PRO;
+    return data;
+}
+static common_chat_msg common_chat_parse_hermes_2_pro(const std::string & input) {
+    try {
+        std::regex start_pattern(R"([\n\s]*<tool_call>)");
+        std::regex middle_pattern(R"([\n\s]*</tool_call>[\n\s]*<tool_call>)");
+        std::regex end_pattern(R"([\n\s]*</tool_call>[\n\s]*$)");
+
+        auto end = input.end();
+        std::sregex_iterator rend;
+        std::sregex_iterator rit(input.begin(), end, start_pattern);
+        if (rit == rend) {
+            return {
+                /* .role = */ "assistant",
+                /* .content = */ input,
+                /* .tool_calls = */ {},
+            };
+        }
+
+        common_chat_msg result;
+        result.role = "assistant";
+        result.content = rit->prefix();
+
+        auto it = rit->suffix().first;
+        while (it != end) {
+            json call;
+            if (!parse_json(it, end, call)) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("Failed to parse json tool call");
+            }
+            const auto & arguments = call["arguments"];
+            result.tool_calls.push_back({
+                call["name"],
+                arguments.dump(),
+                // arguments.is_string() ? arguments.get<std::string>() : arguments.dump(),
+                /* id= */ "",
+            });
+            rit = {it, end, middle_pattern};
+            if (rit != rend) {
+                it = rit->suffix().first;
+            } else {
+                rit = {it, end, end_pattern};
+                if (rit == rend) {
+                    throw std::runtime_error("Malformed input, missing </tool_call>");
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+        return {
+            /* .role = */ "assistant",
+            /* .content = */ input,
+            /* .tool_calls = */ {},
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_without_tools(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct common_chat_inputs & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.prompt = tmpl.apply(inputs.messages, inputs.tools.empty() ? json() : inputs.tools, inputs.add_generation_prompt);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_CONTENT_ONLY;
+    data.grammar_lazy = false;
+    if (!inputs.json_schema.is_null()) {
+        if (!inputs.grammar.empty()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Either \"json_schema\" or \"grammar\" can be specified, but not both");
+        }
+        data.grammar = json_schema_to_grammar(inputs.json_schema);
+    } else {
+        data.grammar = inputs.grammar.empty();
+    }
+    return data;
+}
+
+common_chat_params common_chat_params_init(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct common_chat_inputs & inputs) {
+    auto has_tools = !inputs.tools.is_null() && inputs.tool_choice != "none";
+    LOG_DBG("[%s] has_tools=%s\n", __func__, has_tools ? "true" : "false");
+
+    if (has_tools && !inputs.grammar.empty()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Cannot specify grammar with tools");
+    }
+
+    const auto & src = tmpl.source();
+    if (src.find(">>>all") != std::string::npos) {
+        // Functionary prepends "all\n" to plain content outputs, so we use the parser no matter when
+        return common_chat_params_init_functionary_v3_2(tmpl, inputs);
+    }
+    if (src.find(" functools[") != std::string::npos) {
+        // Firefunction v2 requires datetime and functions in the context, even w/o tools.
+        return common_chat_params_init_firefunction_v2(tmpl, inputs);
+    }
+
+    if (!has_tools) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_without_tools(tmpl, inputs);
+    }
+
+    if (src.find("<tool_call>") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_hermes_2_pro(tmpl, inputs);
+    }
+    if (src.find("<|start_header_id|>") != std::string::npos
+        && src.find("<function=") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_functionary_v3_1_llama_3_1(tmpl, inputs);
+    }
+    if (src.find("<|start_header_id|>ipython<|end_header_id|>") != std::string::npos) {
+        auto allow_python_tag_builtin_tools = src.find("<|python_tag|>") != std::string::npos;
+        return common_chat_params_init_llama_3_1_tool_calls(tmpl, inputs, allow_python_tag_builtin_tools);
+    }
+    if (src.find("<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_deepseek_r1(tmpl, inputs);
+    }
+    if (src.find("[TOOL_CALLS]") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_mistral_nemo(tmpl, inputs);
+    }
+    return common_chat_params_init_generic(tmpl, inputs);
+}
+
+static common_chat_msg common_chat_parse_content_only(const std::string & input) {
+    return {
+        /* .role = */ "assistant",
+        /* .content = */ input,
+        /* .tool_calls = */ {},
+    };
+}
+
+common_chat_msg common_chat_parse(const std::string & input, common_chat_format format) {
+    switch (format) {
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_CONTENT_ONLY:
+            return common_chat_parse_content_only(input);
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GENERIC:
+            return common_chat_parse_generic(input);
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_MISTRAL_NEMO:
+            return common_chat_parse_mistral_nemo(input);
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X:
+            return common_chat_parse_llama_3_1(input);
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X_WITH_BUILTIN_TOOLS:
+            return common_chat_parse_llama_3_1(input, /* with_builtin_tools= */ true);
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_R1:
+            return common_chat_parse_deepseek_r1(input);
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_2:
+            return common_chat_parse_functionary_v3_2(input);
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_1_LLAMA_3_1:
+            return common_chat_parse_functionary_v3_1_llama_3_1(input);
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_HERMES_2_PRO:
+            return common_chat_parse_hermes_2_pro(input);
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FIREFUNCTION_V2:
+            return common_chat_parse_firefunction_v2(input);
+        default:
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported format: " + common_chat_format_name(format));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/common/chat.hpp b/common/chat.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ca165aa13a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/chat.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Chat support (incl. tool call grammar constraining & output parsing) w/ generic & custom template handlers.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include <json.hpp>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+using json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
+
+struct common_chat_inputs {
+    json messages;
+    json tools;
+    json tool_choice;
+    json json_schema;
+    bool parallel_tool_calls;
+    bool stream;
+    std::string grammar;
+    bool add_generation_prompt = true;
+};
+
+enum common_chat_format {
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_CONTENT_ONLY,
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GENERIC,
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_MISTRAL_NEMO,
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X,
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X_WITH_BUILTIN_TOOLS,
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_R1,
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FIREFUNCTION_V2,
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_2,
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_1_LLAMA_3_1,
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_HERMES_2_PRO,
+
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_COUNT, // Not a format, just the # formats
+};
+
+struct common_chat_params {
+    common_chat_format                  format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_CONTENT_ONLY;
+    json                                prompt;
+    std::string                         grammar;
+    bool                                grammar_lazy = false;
+    std::vector<common_grammar_trigger> grammar_triggers;
+    std::vector<std::string>            additional_stops;
+};
+
+struct common_chat_params common_chat_params_init(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct common_chat_inputs & params);
+std::string               common_chat_format_name(common_chat_format format);
+common_chat_msg           common_chat_parse(      const std::string & input, common_chat_format format);
diff --git a/common/common.cpp b/common/common.cpp
index 451826d5d6..6c81d18f91 100644
--- a/common/common.cpp
+++ b/common/common.cpp
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 #include "json.hpp"
 #include "json-schema-to-grammar.h"
 #include "llama.h"
+#include "chat.hpp"
+#include "chat-template.hpp"
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cinttypes>
@@ -483,6 +485,48 @@ void string_replace_all(std::string & s, const std::string & search, const std::
     s = std::move(builder);
 }
 
+std::string string_join(const std::vector<std::string> & values, const std::string & separator) {
+    std::ostringstream result;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < values.size(); ++i) {
+        if (i > 0) {
+            result << separator;
+        }
+        result << values[i];
+    }
+    return result.str();
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> string_split(const std::string & str, const std::string & delimiter) {
+    std::vector<std::string> parts;
+    size_t start = 0;
+    size_t end = str.find(delimiter);
+
+    while (end != std::string::npos) {
+        parts.push_back(str.substr(start, end - start));
+        start = end + delimiter.length();
+        end = str.find(delimiter, start);
+    }
+
+    parts.push_back(str.substr(start));
+
+    return parts;
+}
+
+std::string string_repeat(const std::string & str, size_t n) {
+    if (n == 0) {
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    std::string result;
+    result.reserve(str.length() * n);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        result += str;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
 std::string string_from(bool value) {
     return value ? "true" : "false";
 }
@@ -1728,67 +1772,80 @@ std::string common_detokenize(const struct llama_vocab * vocab, const std::vecto
 // Chat template utils
 //
 
-std::string common_get_builtin_chat_template(const struct llama_model * model) {
-    const char * ptr_tmpl = llama_model_chat_template(model);
-    return ptr_tmpl == nullptr ? "" : ptr_tmpl;
-}
-
-bool common_chat_verify_template(const std::string & tmpl) {
+bool common_chat_verify_template(const std::string & tmpl, bool use_jinja) {
+    if (use_jinja) {
+        try {
+            auto chat_template = common_chat_template(tmpl, "<s>", "</s>");
+            common_chat_inputs inputs;
+            inputs.messages = json::array({{
+                {"role", "user"},
+                {"content", "test"},
+            }});
+            common_chat_params_init(chat_template, inputs);
+            return true;
+        } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+            LOG_ERR("%s: failed to apply template: %s\n", __func__, e.what());
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
     llama_chat_message chat[] = {{"user", "test"}};
     const int res = llama_chat_apply_template(tmpl.c_str(), chat, 1, true, nullptr, 0);
     return res >= 0;
 }
 
-std::string common_chat_apply_template(const struct llama_model * model,
-        const std::string & tmpl,
+std::string common_chat_apply_template(
+        const common_chat_template & tmpl,
         const std::vector<common_chat_msg> & msgs,
-        bool add_ass) {
+        bool add_ass,
+        bool use_jinja) {
+    if (use_jinja) {
+        auto messages = json::array();
+        for (const auto & msg : msgs) {
+            messages.push_back({{"role", msg.role}, {"content", msg.content}});
+        }
+        common_chat_inputs inputs;
+        inputs.messages = messages;
+        inputs.add_generation_prompt = add_ass;
+        return common_chat_params_init(tmpl, inputs).prompt;
+    }
+
     int alloc_size = 0;
-    bool fallback = false; // indicate if we must fallback to default chatml
     std::vector<llama_chat_message> chat;
     for (const auto & msg : msgs) {
         chat.push_back({msg.role.c_str(), msg.content.c_str()});
         alloc_size += (msg.role.size() + msg.content.size()) * 1.25;
     }
 
-    const char * ptr_tmpl = tmpl.empty() ? llama_model_chat_template(model) : tmpl.c_str();
     std::vector<char> buf(alloc_size);
 
     // run the first time to get the total output length
-    int32_t res = llama_chat_apply_template(ptr_tmpl, chat.data(), chat.size(), add_ass, buf.data(), buf.size());
+    int32_t res = llama_chat_apply_template(tmpl.source().c_str(), chat.data(), chat.size(), add_ass, buf.data(), buf.size());
 
     // error: chat template is not supported
     if (res < 0) {
-        if (ptr_tmpl != nullptr) {
-            // if the custom "tmpl" is not supported, we throw an error
-            // this is a bit redundant (for good), since we're not sure if user validated the custom template with llama_chat_verify_template()
-            throw std::runtime_error("this custom template is not supported");
-        }
-
-        // If the built-in template is not supported, we default to chatml
-        res = llama_chat_apply_template("chatml", chat.data(), chat.size(), add_ass, buf.data(), buf.size());
-        fallback = true;
+        // if the custom "tmpl" is not supported, we throw an error
+        // this is a bit redundant (for good), since we're not sure if user validated the custom template with llama_chat_verify_template()
+        throw std::runtime_error("this custom template is not supported");
     }
 
     // if it turns out that our buffer is too small, we resize it
     if ((size_t) res > buf.size()) {
         buf.resize(res);
-        res = llama_chat_apply_template(
-            fallback ? "chatml" : ptr_tmpl,
-            chat.data(), chat.size(), add_ass, buf.data(), buf.size());
+        res = llama_chat_apply_template(tmpl.source().c_str(), chat.data(), chat.size(), add_ass, buf.data(), buf.size());
     }
 
     std::string formatted_chat(buf.data(), res);
     return formatted_chat;
 }
 
-std::string common_chat_format_single(const struct llama_model * model,
-        const std::string & tmpl,
+std::string common_chat_format_single(
+        const common_chat_template & tmpl,
         const std::vector<common_chat_msg> & past_msg,
         const common_chat_msg & new_msg,
-        bool add_ass) {
+        bool add_ass,
+        bool use_jinja) {
     std::ostringstream ss;
-    auto fmt_past_msg = past_msg.empty() ? "" : common_chat_apply_template(model, tmpl, past_msg, false);
+    auto fmt_past_msg = past_msg.empty() ? "" : common_chat_apply_template(tmpl, past_msg, false, use_jinja);
     std::vector<common_chat_msg> chat_new(past_msg);
     // if the past_msg ends with a newline, we must preserve it in the formatted version
     if (add_ass && !fmt_past_msg.empty() && fmt_past_msg.back() == '\n') {
@@ -1796,21 +1853,74 @@ std::string common_chat_format_single(const struct llama_model * model,
     };
     // format chat with new_msg
     chat_new.push_back(new_msg);
-    auto fmt_new_msg = common_chat_apply_template(model, tmpl, chat_new, add_ass);
+    auto fmt_new_msg = common_chat_apply_template(tmpl, chat_new, add_ass, use_jinja);
     // get the diff part
     ss << fmt_new_msg.substr(fmt_past_msg.size(), fmt_new_msg.size() - fmt_past_msg.size());
     return ss.str();
 }
 
-std::string common_chat_format_example(const struct llama_model * model,
-        const std::string & tmpl) {
+std::string common_chat_format_example(const common_chat_template & tmpl, bool use_jinja) {
     std::vector<common_chat_msg> msgs = {
-        {"system",    "You are a helpful assistant"},
-        {"user",      "Hello"},
-        {"assistant", "Hi there"},
-        {"user",      "How are you?"},
+        {"system",    "You are a helpful assistant", {}},
+        {"user",      "Hello", {}},
+        {"assistant", "Hi there", {}},
+        {"user",      "How are you?", {}},
+    };
+    return common_chat_apply_template(tmpl, msgs, true, use_jinja);
+}
+
+common_chat_templates common_chat_templates_from_model(const struct llama_model * model, const std::string & chat_template_override)
+{
+    auto vocab = llama_model_get_vocab(model);
+    std::string default_template_src = chat_template_override;
+    std::string template_tool_use_src = chat_template_override;
+    bool has_explicit_template = !chat_template_override.empty();
+    if (chat_template_override.empty()) {
+        auto str = llama_model_chat_template(model, /* name */ nullptr);
+        if (str) {
+            default_template_src = str;
+            has_explicit_template = true;
+        }
+        str = llama_model_chat_template(model, /* name */ "tool_use");
+        if (str) {
+            template_tool_use_src = str;
+            has_explicit_template = true;
+        }
+    }
+    if (default_template_src.empty() || default_template_src == "chatml") {
+        if (!template_tool_use_src.empty()) {
+            default_template_src = template_tool_use_src;
+        } else {
+            default_template_src = R"(
+                {%- for message in messages -%}
+                    {{- "<|im_start|>" + message.role + "\n" + message.content + "<|im_end|>\n" -}}
+                {%- endfor -%}
+                {%- if add_generation_prompt -%}
+                    {{- "<|im_start|>assistant\n" -}}
+                {%- endif -%}
+            )";
+        }
+    }
+    const auto get_token = [&](llama_token token, const char * name, const char * jinja_variable_name) {
+        if (token == LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) {
+            if (default_template_src.find(jinja_variable_name) != std::string::npos
+                || template_tool_use_src.find(jinja_variable_name) != std::string::npos) {
+                LOG_WRN("%s: warning: vocab does not have a %s token, jinja template won't work as intended.\n", __func__, name);
+            }
+            return std::string();
+        } else {
+            return common_token_to_piece(vocab, token, true);
+        }
+    };
+    auto token_bos = get_token(llama_vocab_bos(vocab), "BOS", "bos_token");
+    auto token_eos = get_token(llama_vocab_eos(vocab), "EOS", "eos_token");
+    return {
+        has_explicit_template,
+        std::make_unique<minja::chat_template>(default_template_src, token_bos, token_eos),
+        template_tool_use_src.empty()
+            ? nullptr
+            : std::make_unique<minja::chat_template>(template_tool_use_src, token_bos, token_eos)
     };
-    return common_chat_apply_template(model, tmpl, msgs, true);
 }
 
 //
diff --git a/common/common.h b/common/common.h
index 3bcc637cc8..6c18092776 100644
--- a/common/common.h
+++ b/common/common.h
@@ -109,6 +109,11 @@ enum common_conversation_mode {
     COMMON_CONVERSATION_MODE_AUTO     = 2,
 };
 
+struct common_grammar_trigger {
+    std::string word;
+    bool at_start;
+};
+
 // sampling parameters
 struct common_params_sampling {
     uint32_t seed = LLAMA_DEFAULT_SEED; // the seed used to initialize llama_sampler
@@ -154,7 +159,10 @@ struct common_params_sampling {
         COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TEMPERATURE,
     };
 
-    std::string grammar; // optional BNF-like grammar to constrain sampling
+    std::string                         grammar; // optional BNF-like grammar to constrain sampling
+    bool                                grammar_lazy = false;
+    std::vector<common_grammar_trigger> grammar_trigger_words;  // optional trigger words to trigger lazy grammar
+    std::vector<llama_token>            grammar_trigger_tokens; // optional trigger tokens to trigger lazy grammar and print trigger special tokens.
 
     std::vector<llama_logit_bias> logit_bias; // logit biases to apply
 
@@ -175,7 +183,11 @@ struct common_params_speculative {
     struct cpu_params cpuparams;
     struct cpu_params cpuparams_batch;
 
-    std::string model = ""; // draft model for speculative decoding                          // NOLINT
+    std::string hf_repo = ""; // HF repo                                                     // NOLINT
+    std::string hf_file = ""; // HF file                                                     // NOLINT
+
+    std::string model = "";     // draft model for speculative decoding                      // NOLINT
+    std::string model_url = ""; // model url to download                                     // NOLINT
 };
 
 struct common_params_vocoder {
@@ -330,6 +342,7 @@ struct common_params {
     std::string hostname      = "127.0.0.1";
     std::string public_path   = "";                                                                         // NOLINT
     std::string chat_template = "";                                                                         // NOLINT
+    bool use_jinja = false;                                                                                 // NOLINT
     bool enable_chat_template = true;
 
     std::vector<std::string> api_keys;
@@ -424,6 +437,10 @@ std::string string_format(const char * fmt, ...);
 std::string string_strip(const std::string & str);
 std::string string_get_sortable_timestamp();
 
+std::string string_join(const std::vector<std::string> & values, const std::string & separator);
+std::vector<std::string> string_split(const std::string & str, const std::string & delimiter);
+std::string string_repeat(const std::string & str, size_t n);
+
 void string_replace_all(std::string & s, const std::string & search, const std::string & replace);
 
 template<class T>
@@ -508,12 +525,14 @@ struct llama_model * common_load_model_from_url(
     const std::string & local_path,
     const std::string & hf_token,
     const struct llama_model_params & params);
+
 struct llama_model * common_load_model_from_hf(
     const std::string & repo,
     const std::string & remote_path,
     const std::string & local_path,
     const std::string & hf_token,
     const struct llama_model_params & params);
+
 std::pair<std::string, std::string> common_get_hf_file(
     const std::string & hf_repo_with_tag,
     const std::string & hf_token);
@@ -591,36 +610,56 @@ std::string common_detokenize(
 // Chat template utils
 //
 
+struct common_tool_call {
+    std::string name;
+    std::string arguments;
+    std::string id;
+};
+
 // same with llama_chat_message, but uses std::string
 struct common_chat_msg {
     std::string role;
     std::string content;
+    std::vector<common_tool_call> tool_calls;
 };
 
-// Get the built-in chat template for the model. Return empty string if not present.
-std::string common_get_builtin_chat_template(const struct llama_model * model);
-
 // Check if the template supplied via "--chat-template" is supported or not. Returns true if it's valid
-bool common_chat_verify_template(const std::string & tmpl);
+bool common_chat_verify_template(const std::string & tmpl, bool use_jinja);
+
+namespace minja {
+    class chat_template;
+}
+
+typedef minja::chat_template common_chat_template;
+
+struct common_chat_templates {
+    bool has_explicit_template; // Model had builtin template or template overridde was specified.
+    std::unique_ptr<common_chat_template> template_default; // always set (defaults to chatml)
+    std::unique_ptr<common_chat_template> template_tool_use;
+};
 
 // CPP wrapper for llama_chat_apply_template
 // If the built-in template is not supported, we default to chatml
 // If the custom "tmpl" is not supported, we throw an error
-std::string common_chat_apply_template(const struct llama_model * model,
-        const std::string & tmpl,
+std::string common_chat_apply_template(
+        const common_chat_template & tmpl,
         const std::vector<common_chat_msg> & chat,
-        bool add_ass);
+        bool add_ass,
+        bool use_jinja);
 
 // Format single message, while taking into account the position of that message in chat history
-std::string common_chat_format_single(const struct llama_model * model,
-        const std::string & tmpl,
+std::string common_chat_format_single(
+        const common_chat_template & tmpl,
         const std::vector<common_chat_msg> & past_msg,
         const common_chat_msg & new_msg,
-        bool add_ass);
+        bool add_ass,
+        bool use_jinja);
 
 // Returns an example of formatted chat
-std::string common_chat_format_example(const struct llama_model * model,
-        const std::string & tmpl);
+std::string common_chat_format_example(
+    const common_chat_template & tmpl, bool use_jinja);
+
+common_chat_templates common_chat_templates_from_model(const struct llama_model * model, const std::string & chat_template_override);
 
 //
 // KV cache utils
diff --git a/common/json-schema-to-grammar.cpp b/common/json-schema-to-grammar.cpp
index dadc18c8b3..1f47e313ed 100644
--- a/common/json-schema-to-grammar.cpp
+++ b/common/json-schema-to-grammar.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #include "json-schema-to-grammar.h"
+#include "common.h"
+
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <map>
@@ -11,11 +13,6 @@
 
 using json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
 
-template <typename Iterator>
-static std::string join(Iterator begin, Iterator end, const std::string & separator);
-
-static std::string repeat(const std::string & str, size_t n);
-
 static std::string build_repetition(const std::string & item_rule, int min_items, int max_items, const std::string & separator_rule = "") {
     auto has_max = max_items != std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
 
@@ -128,8 +125,8 @@ static void _build_min_max_int(int min_value, int max_value, std::stringstream &
                 if (sub_len > 0) {
                     auto from_sub = from.substr(i + 1);
                     auto to_sub = to.substr(i + 1);
-                    auto sub_zeros = repeat("0", sub_len);
-                    auto sub_nines = repeat("9", sub_len);
+                    auto sub_zeros = string_repeat("0", sub_len);
+                    auto sub_nines = string_repeat("9", sub_len);
 
                     auto to_reached = false;
                     out << "(";
@@ -188,8 +185,8 @@ static void _build_min_max_int(int min_value, int max_value, std::stringstream &
         auto max_digits = max_s.length();
 
         for (auto digits = min_digits; digits < max_digits; digits++) {
-            uniform_range(min_s, repeat("9", digits));
-            min_s = "1" + repeat("0", digits);
+            uniform_range(min_s, string_repeat("9", digits));
+            min_s = "1" + string_repeat("0", digits);
             out << " | ";
         }
         uniform_range(min_s, max_s);
@@ -318,49 +315,6 @@ std::unordered_map<char, std::string> GRAMMAR_LITERAL_ESCAPES = {
 std::unordered_set<char> NON_LITERAL_SET = {'|', '.', '(', ')', '[', ']', '{', '}', '*', '+', '?'};
 std::unordered_set<char> ESCAPED_IN_REGEXPS_BUT_NOT_IN_LITERALS = {'^', '$', '.', '[', ']', '(', ')', '|', '{', '}', '*', '+', '?'};
 
-template <typename Iterator>
-std::string join(Iterator begin, Iterator end, const std::string & separator) {
-    std::ostringstream result;
-    if (begin != end) {
-        result << *begin;
-        for (Iterator it = begin + 1; it != end; ++it) {
-            result << separator << *it;
-        }
-    }
-    return result.str();
-}
-
-static std::vector<std::string> split(const std::string & str, const std::string & delimiter) {
-    std::vector<std::string> tokens;
-    size_t start = 0;
-    size_t end = str.find(delimiter);
-
-    while (end != std::string::npos) {
-        tokens.push_back(str.substr(start, end - start));
-        start = end + delimiter.length();
-        end = str.find(delimiter, start);
-    }
-
-    tokens.push_back(str.substr(start));
-
-    return tokens;
-}
-
-static std::string repeat(const std::string & str, size_t n) {
-    if (n == 0) {
-        return "";
-    }
-
-    std::string result;
-    result.reserve(str.length() * n);
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        result += str;
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-
 static std::string replacePattern(const std::string & input, const std::regex & regex, const std::function<std::string(const std::smatch  &)> & replacement) {
     std::smatch match;
     std::string result;
@@ -389,6 +343,7 @@ static std::string format_literal(const std::string & literal) {
 
 class SchemaConverter {
 private:
+    friend std::string build_grammar(const std::function<void(const common_grammar_builder &)> & cb, const common_grammar_options & options);
     std::function<json(const std::string &)> _fetch_json;
     bool _dotall;
     std::map<std::string, std::string> _rules;
@@ -418,7 +373,7 @@ private:
         for (size_t i = 0; i < alt_schemas.size(); i++) {
             rules.push_back(visit(alt_schemas[i], name + (name.empty() ? "alternative-" : "-") + std::to_string(i)));
         }
-        return join(rules.begin(), rules.end(), " | ");
+        return string_join(rules, " | ");
     }
 
     std::string _visit_pattern(const std::string & pattern, const std::string & name) {
@@ -481,7 +436,7 @@ private:
                 for (const auto & item : ret) {
                     results.push_back(to_rule(item));
                 }
-                return std::make_pair(join(results.begin(), results.end(), " "), false);
+                return std::make_pair(string_join(results, " "), false);
             };
 
             while (i < length) {
@@ -539,7 +494,7 @@ private:
                     }
                     curly_brackets += '}';
                     i++;
-                    auto nums = split(curly_brackets.substr(1, curly_brackets.length() - 2), ",");
+                    auto nums = string_split(curly_brackets.substr(1, curly_brackets.length() - 2), ",");
                     int min_times = 0;
                     int max_times = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
                     try {
@@ -809,10 +764,11 @@ private:
 public:
     SchemaConverter(
         const std::function<json(const std::string &)> & fetch_json,
-        bool dotall)
+        bool dotall,
+        bool compact_spaces)
           : _fetch_json(fetch_json), _dotall(dotall)
     {
-        _rules["space"] = SPACE_RULE;
+        _rules["space"] = compact_spaces ? "\" \"?" : SPACE_RULE;
     }
 
     void resolve_refs(json & schema, const std::string & url) {
@@ -854,7 +810,7 @@ public:
                             return;
                         }
                         std::string pointer = ref.substr(ref.find('#') + 1);
-                        std::vector<std::string> tokens = split(pointer, "/");
+                        std::vector<std::string> tokens = string_split(pointer, "/");
                         for (size_t i = 1; i < tokens.size(); ++i) {
                             std::string sel = tokens[i];
                             if (target.is_null() || !target.contains(sel)) {
@@ -905,7 +861,7 @@ public:
             for (const auto & v : schema["enum"]) {
                 enum_values.push_back(_generate_constant_rule(v));
             }
-            return _add_rule(rule_name, "(" + join(enum_values.begin(), enum_values.end(), " | ") + ") space");
+            return _add_rule(rule_name, "(" + string_join(enum_values, " | ") + ") space");
         } else if ((schema_type.is_null() || schema_type == "object")
                 && (schema.contains("properties") ||
                     (schema.contains("additionalProperties") && schema["additionalProperties"] != true))) {
@@ -1019,10 +975,10 @@ public:
 
     void check_errors() {
         if (!_errors.empty()) {
-            throw std::runtime_error("JSON schema conversion failed:\n" + join(_errors.begin(), _errors.end(), "\n"));
+            throw std::runtime_error("JSON schema conversion failed:\n" + string_join(_errors, "\n"));
         }
         if (!_warnings.empty()) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: JSON schema conversion was incomplete: %s\n", join(_warnings.begin(), _warnings.end(), "; ").c_str());
+            fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: JSON schema conversion was incomplete: %s\n", string_join(_warnings, "; ").c_str());
         }
     }
 
@@ -1036,10 +992,27 @@ public:
 };
 
 std::string json_schema_to_grammar(const json & schema) {
-    SchemaConverter converter([](const std::string &) { return json::object(); }, /* dotall= */ false);
-    auto copy = schema;
-    converter.resolve_refs(copy, "input");
-    converter.visit(copy, "");
+    return build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & callbacks) {
+        auto copy = schema;
+        callbacks.resolve_refs(copy);
+        callbacks.add_schema("", copy);
+    });
+}
+
+std::string build_grammar(const std::function<void(const common_grammar_builder &)> & cb, const common_grammar_options & options) {
+    SchemaConverter converter([&](const std::string &) { return json(); }, options.dotall, options.compact_spaces);
+    common_grammar_builder builder {
+        /* .add_rule = */ [&](const std::string & name, const std::string & rule) {
+            return converter._add_rule(name, rule);
+        },
+        /* .add_schema = */ [&](const std::string & name, const nlohmann::ordered_json & schema) {
+            return converter.visit(schema, name == "root" ? "" : name);
+        },
+        /* .resolve_refs = */ [&](nlohmann::ordered_json & schema) {
+            converter.resolve_refs(schema, "");
+        }
+    };
+    cb(builder);
     converter.check_errors();
     return converter.format_grammar();
 }
diff --git a/common/json-schema-to-grammar.h b/common/json-schema-to-grammar.h
index 41623b3464..ba4112cb9b 100644
--- a/common/json-schema-to-grammar.h
+++ b/common/json-schema-to-grammar.h
@@ -5,4 +5,17 @@
 #define JSON_ASSERT GGML_ASSERT
 #include "json.hpp"
 
-std::string json_schema_to_grammar(const nlohmann::ordered_json& schema);
+std::string json_schema_to_grammar(const nlohmann::ordered_json & schema);
+
+struct common_grammar_builder {
+    std::function<std::string(const std::string &, const std::string &)> add_rule;
+    std::function<std::string(const std::string &, const nlohmann::ordered_json &)> add_schema;
+    std::function<void(nlohmann::ordered_json &)> resolve_refs;
+};
+
+struct common_grammar_options {
+    bool dotall = false;
+    bool compact_spaces = false;
+};
+
+std::string build_grammar(const std::function<void(const common_grammar_builder &)> & cb, const common_grammar_options & options = {});
diff --git a/common/log.cpp b/common/log.cpp
index 04c7c0ed10..0b8994ae1c 100644
--- a/common/log.cpp
+++ b/common/log.cpp
@@ -206,6 +206,7 @@ public:
                 vsnprintf(entry.msg.data(), entry.msg.size(), ss.str().c_str(), args_copy);
             }
 #endif
+            va_end(args_copy);
         }
 
         entry.level = level;
diff --git a/common/minja.hpp b/common/minja.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0e80fd7c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/minja.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2819 @@
+/*
+    Copyright 2024 Google LLC
+
+    Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
+    license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at
+    https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT.
+*/
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+#pragma once
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <regex>
+#include <memory>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <json.hpp>
+
+using json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
+
+namespace minja {
+
+class Context;
+
+struct Options {
+    bool trim_blocks;  // removes the first newline after a block
+    bool lstrip_blocks;  // removes leading whitespace on the line of the block
+    bool keep_trailing_newline;  // don't remove last newline
+};
+
+struct ArgumentsValue;
+
+inline std::string normalize_newlines(const std::string & s) {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  static const std::regex nl_regex("\r\n");
+  return std::regex_replace(s, nl_regex, "\n");
+#else
+  return s;
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Values that behave roughly like in Python. */
+class Value : public std::enable_shared_from_this<Value> {
+public:
+  using CallableType = std::function<Value(const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, ArgumentsValue &)>;
+  using FilterType = std::function<Value(const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, ArgumentsValue &)>;
+
+private:
+  using ObjectType = nlohmann::ordered_map<json, Value>;  // Only contains primitive keys
+  using ArrayType = std::vector<Value>;
+
+  std::shared_ptr<ArrayType> array_;
+  std::shared_ptr<ObjectType> object_;
+  std::shared_ptr<CallableType> callable_;
+  json primitive_;
+
+  Value(const std::shared_ptr<ArrayType> & array) : array_(array) {}
+  Value(const std::shared_ptr<ObjectType> & object) : object_(object) {}
+  Value(const std::shared_ptr<CallableType> & callable) : object_(std::make_shared<ObjectType>()), callable_(callable) {}
+
+  /* Python-style string repr */
+  static void dump_string(const json & primitive, std::ostringstream & out, char string_quote = '\'') {
+    if (!primitive.is_string()) throw std::runtime_error("Value is not a string: " + primitive.dump());
+    auto s = primitive.dump();
+    if (string_quote == '"' || s.find('\'') != std::string::npos) {
+      out << s;
+      return;
+    }
+    // Reuse json dump, just changing string quotes
+    out << string_quote;
+    for (size_t i = 1, n = s.size() - 1; i < n; ++i) {
+      if (s[i] == '\\' && s[i + 1] == '"') {
+        out << '"';
+        i++;
+      } else if (s[i] == string_quote) {
+        out << '\\' << string_quote;
+      } else {
+        out << s[i];
+      }
+    }
+    out << string_quote;
+  }
+  void dump(std::ostringstream & out, int indent = -1, int level = 0, bool to_json = false) const {
+    auto print_indent = [&](int level) {
+      if (indent > 0) {
+          out << "\n";
+          for (int i = 0, n = level * indent; i < n; ++i) out << ' ';
+      }
+    };
+    auto print_sub_sep = [&]() {
+      out << ',';
+      if (indent < 0) out << ' ';
+      else print_indent(level + 1);
+    };
+
+    auto string_quote = to_json ? '"' : '\'';
+
+    if (is_null()) out << "null";
+    else if (array_) {
+      out << "[";
+      print_indent(level + 1);
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < array_->size(); ++i) {
+        if (i) print_sub_sep();
+        (*array_)[i].dump(out, indent, level + 1, to_json);
+      }
+      print_indent(level);
+      out << "]";
+    } else if (object_) {
+      out << "{";
+      print_indent(level + 1);
+      for (auto begin = object_->begin(), it = begin; it != object_->end(); ++it) {
+        if (it != begin) print_sub_sep();
+        if (it->first.is_string()) {
+          dump_string(it->first, out, string_quote);
+        } else {
+          out << string_quote << it->first.dump() << string_quote;
+        }
+        out << ": ";
+        it->second.dump(out, indent, level + 1, to_json);
+      }
+      print_indent(level);
+      out << "}";
+    } else if (callable_) {
+      throw std::runtime_error("Cannot dump callable to JSON");
+    } else if (is_boolean() && !to_json) {
+      out << (this->to_bool() ? "True" : "False");
+    } else if (is_string() && !to_json) {
+      dump_string(primitive_, out, string_quote);
+    } else {
+      out << primitive_.dump();
+    }
+  }
+
+public:
+  Value() {}
+  Value(const bool& v) : primitive_(v) {}
+  Value(const int64_t & v) : primitive_(v) {}
+  Value(const double& v) : primitive_(v) {}
+  Value(const std::nullptr_t &) {}
+  Value(const std::string & v) : primitive_(v) {}
+  Value(const char * v) : primitive_(std::string(v)) {}
+
+  Value(const json & v) {
+    if (v.is_object()) {
+      auto object = std::make_shared<ObjectType>();
+      for (auto it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); ++it) {
+        (*object)[it.key()] = it.value();
+      }
+      object_ = std::move(object);
+    } else if (v.is_array()) {
+      auto array = std::make_shared<ArrayType>();
+      for (const auto& item : v) {
+        array->push_back(Value(item));
+      }
+      array_ = array;
+    } else {
+      primitive_ = v;
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::vector<Value> keys() {
+    if (!object_) throw std::runtime_error("Value is not an object: " + dump());
+    std::vector<Value> res;
+    for (const auto& item : *object_) {
+      res.push_back(item.first);
+    }
+    return res;
+  }
+
+  size_t size() const {
+    if (is_object()) return object_->size();
+    if (is_array()) return array_->size();
+    if (is_string()) return primitive_.get<std::string>().length();
+    throw std::runtime_error("Value is not an array or object: " + dump());
+  }
+
+  static Value array(const std::vector<Value> values = {}) {
+    auto array = std::make_shared<ArrayType>();
+    for (const auto& item : values) {
+      array->push_back(item);
+    }
+    return Value(array);
+  }
+  static Value object(const std::shared_ptr<ObjectType> object = std::make_shared<ObjectType>()) {
+    return Value(object);
+  }
+  static Value callable(const CallableType & callable) {
+    return Value(std::make_shared<CallableType>(callable));
+  }
+
+  void insert(size_t index, const Value& v) {
+    if (!array_)
+      throw std::runtime_error("Value is not an array: " + dump());
+    array_->insert(array_->begin() + index, v);
+  }
+  void push_back(const Value& v) {
+    if (!array_)
+      throw std::runtime_error("Value is not an array: " + dump());
+    array_->push_back(v);
+  }
+  Value pop(const Value& index) {
+    if (is_array()) {
+      if (array_->empty())
+        throw std::runtime_error("pop from empty list");
+      if (index.is_null()) {
+        auto ret = array_->back();
+        array_->pop_back();
+        return ret;
+      } else if (!index.is_number_integer()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("pop index must be an integer: " + index.dump());
+      } else {
+        auto i = index.get<int>();
+        if (i < 0 || i >= static_cast<int>(array_->size()))
+          throw std::runtime_error("pop index out of range: " + index.dump());
+        auto it = array_->begin() + (i < 0 ? array_->size() + i : i);
+        auto ret = *it;
+        array_->erase(it);
+        return ret;
+      }
+    } else if (is_object()) {
+      if (!index.is_hashable())
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unashable type: " + index.dump());
+      auto it = object_->find(index.primitive_);
+      if (it == object_->end())
+        throw std::runtime_error("Key not found: " + index.dump());
+      auto ret = it->second;
+      object_->erase(it);
+      return ret;
+    } else {
+      throw std::runtime_error("Value is not an array or object: " + dump());
+    }
+  }
+  Value get(const Value& key) {
+    if (array_) {
+      if (!key.is_number_integer()) {
+        return Value();
+      }
+      auto index = key.get<int>();
+      return array_->at(index < 0 ? array_->size() + index : index);
+    } else if (object_) {
+      if (!key.is_hashable()) throw std::runtime_error("Unashable type: " + dump());
+      auto it = object_->find(key.primitive_);
+      if (it == object_->end()) return Value();
+      return it->second;
+    }
+    return Value();
+  }
+  void set(const Value& key, const Value& value) {
+    if (!object_) throw std::runtime_error("Value is not an object: " + dump());
+    if (!key.is_hashable()) throw std::runtime_error("Unashable type: " + dump());
+    (*object_)[key.primitive_] = value;
+  }
+  Value call(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context, ArgumentsValue & args) const {
+    if (!callable_) throw std::runtime_error("Value is not callable: " + dump());
+    return (*callable_)(context, args);
+  }
+
+  bool is_object() const { return !!object_; }
+  bool is_array() const { return !!array_; }
+  bool is_callable() const { return !!callable_; }
+  bool is_null() const { return !object_ && !array_ && primitive_.is_null() && !callable_; }
+  bool is_boolean() const { return primitive_.is_boolean(); }
+  bool is_number_integer() const { return primitive_.is_number_integer(); }
+  bool is_number_float() const { return primitive_.is_number_float(); }
+  bool is_number() const { return primitive_.is_number(); }
+  bool is_string() const { return primitive_.is_string(); }
+  bool is_iterable() const { return is_array() || is_object() || is_string(); }
+
+  bool is_primitive() const { return !array_ && !object_ && !callable_; }
+  bool is_hashable() const { return is_primitive(); }
+
+  bool empty() const {
+    if (is_null())
+      throw std::runtime_error("Undefined value or reference");
+    if (is_string()) return primitive_.empty();
+    if (is_array()) return array_->empty();
+    if (is_object()) return object_->empty();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  void for_each(const std::function<void(Value &)> & callback) const {
+    if (is_null())
+      throw std::runtime_error("Undefined value or reference");
+    if (array_) {
+      for (auto& item : *array_) {
+        callback(item);
+      }
+    } else if (object_) {
+      for (auto & item : *object_) {
+        Value key(item.first);
+        callback(key);
+      }
+    } else if (is_string()) {
+      for (char c : primitive_.get<std::string>()) {
+        auto val = Value(std::string(1, c));
+        callback(val);
+      }
+    } else {
+      throw std::runtime_error("Value is not iterable: " + dump());
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool to_bool() const {
+    if (is_null()) return false;
+    if (is_boolean()) return get<bool>();
+    if (is_number()) return get<double>() != 0;
+    if (is_string()) return !get<std::string>().empty();
+    if (is_array()) return !empty();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  int64_t to_int() const {
+    if (is_null()) return 0;
+    if (is_boolean()) return get<bool>() ? 1 : 0;
+    if (is_number()) return static_cast<int64_t>(get<double>());
+    if (is_string()) {
+      try {
+        return std::stol(get<std::string>());
+      } catch (const std::exception &) {
+        return 0;
+      }
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  bool operator<(const Value & other) const {
+    if (is_null())
+      throw std::runtime_error("Undefined value or reference");
+    if (is_number() && other.is_number()) return get<double>() < other.get<double>();
+    if (is_string() && other.is_string()) return get<std::string>() < other.get<std::string>();
+    throw std::runtime_error("Cannot compare values: " + dump() + " < " + other.dump());
+  }
+  bool operator>=(const Value & other) const { return !(*this < other); }
+
+  bool operator>(const Value & other) const {
+    if (is_null())
+      throw std::runtime_error("Undefined value or reference");
+    if (is_number() && other.is_number()) return get<double>() > other.get<double>();
+    if (is_string() && other.is_string()) return get<std::string>() > other.get<std::string>();
+    throw std::runtime_error("Cannot compare values: " + dump() + " > " + other.dump());
+  }
+  bool operator<=(const Value & other) const { return !(*this > other); }
+
+  bool operator==(const Value & other) const {
+    if (callable_ || other.callable_) {
+      if (callable_.get() != other.callable_.get()) return false;
+    }
+    if (array_) {
+      if (!other.array_) return false;
+      if (array_->size() != other.array_->size()) return false;
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < array_->size(); ++i) {
+        if (!(*array_)[i].to_bool() || !(*other.array_)[i].to_bool() || (*array_)[i] != (*other.array_)[i]) return false;
+      }
+      return true;
+    } else if (object_) {
+      if (!other.object_) return false;
+      if (object_->size() != other.object_->size()) return false;
+      for (const auto& item : *object_) {
+        if (!item.second.to_bool() || !other.object_->count(item.first) || item.second != other.object_->at(item.first)) return false;
+      }
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return primitive_ == other.primitive_;
+    }
+  }
+  bool operator!=(const Value & other) const { return !(*this == other); }
+
+  bool contains(const char * key) const { return contains(std::string(key)); }
+  bool contains(const std::string & key) const {
+    if (array_) {
+      return false;
+    } else if (object_) {
+      return object_->find(key) != object_->end();
+    } else {
+      throw std::runtime_error("contains can only be called on arrays and objects: " + dump());
+    }
+  }
+  bool contains(const Value & value) const {
+    if (is_null())
+      throw std::runtime_error("Undefined value or reference");
+    if (array_) {
+      for (const auto& item : *array_) {
+        if (item.to_bool() && item == value) return true;
+      }
+      return false;
+    } else if (object_) {
+      if (!value.is_hashable()) throw std::runtime_error("Unashable type: " + value.dump());
+      return object_->find(value.primitive_) != object_->end();
+    } else {
+      throw std::runtime_error("contains can only be called on arrays and objects: " + dump());
+    }
+  }
+  void erase(size_t index) {
+    if (!array_) throw std::runtime_error("Value is not an array: " + dump());
+    array_->erase(array_->begin() + index);
+  }
+  void erase(const std::string & key) {
+    if (!object_) throw std::runtime_error("Value is not an object: " + dump());
+    object_->erase(key);
+  }
+  const Value& at(const Value & index) const {
+    return const_cast<Value*>(this)->at(index);
+  }
+  Value& at(const Value & index) {
+    if (!index.is_hashable()) throw std::runtime_error("Unashable type: " + dump());
+    if (is_array()) return array_->at(index.get<int>());
+    if (is_object()) return object_->at(index.primitive_);
+    throw std::runtime_error("Value is not an array or object: " + dump());
+  }
+  const Value& at(size_t index) const {
+    return const_cast<Value*>(this)->at(index);
+  }
+  Value& at(size_t index) {
+    if (is_null())
+      throw std::runtime_error("Undefined value or reference");
+    if (is_array()) return array_->at(index);
+    if (is_object()) return object_->at(index);
+    throw std::runtime_error("Value is not an array or object: " + dump());
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  T get(const std::string & key, T default_value) const {
+    if (!contains(key)) return default_value;
+    return at(key).get<T>();
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  T get() const {
+    if (is_primitive()) return primitive_.get<T>();
+    throw std::runtime_error("get<T> not defined for this value type: " + dump());
+  }
+
+  std::string dump(int indent=-1, bool to_json=false) const {
+    std::ostringstream out;
+    dump(out, indent, 0, to_json);
+    return out.str();
+  }
+
+  Value operator-() const {
+      if (is_number_integer())
+        return -get<int64_t>();
+      else
+        return -get<double>();
+  }
+  std::string to_str() const {
+    if (is_string()) return get<std::string>();
+    if (is_number_integer()) return std::to_string(get<int64_t>());
+    if (is_number_float()) return std::to_string(get<double>());
+    if (is_boolean()) return get<bool>() ? "True" : "False";
+    if (is_null()) return "None";
+    return dump();
+  }
+  Value operator+(const Value& rhs) const {
+      if (is_string() || rhs.is_string()) {
+        return to_str() + rhs.to_str();
+      } else if (is_number_integer() && rhs.is_number_integer()) {
+        return get<int64_t>() + rhs.get<int64_t>();
+      } else if (is_array() && rhs.is_array()) {
+        auto res = Value::array();
+        for (const auto& item : *array_) res.push_back(item);
+        for (const auto& item : *rhs.array_) res.push_back(item);
+        return res;
+      } else {
+        return get<double>() + rhs.get<double>();
+      }
+  }
+  Value operator-(const Value& rhs) const {
+      if (is_number_integer() && rhs.is_number_integer())
+        return get<int64_t>() - rhs.get<int64_t>();
+      else
+        return get<double>() - rhs.get<double>();
+  }
+  Value operator*(const Value& rhs) const {
+      if (is_string() && rhs.is_number_integer()) {
+        std::ostringstream out;
+        for (int64_t i = 0, n = rhs.get<int64_t>(); i < n; ++i) {
+          out << to_str();
+        }
+        return out.str();
+      }
+      else if (is_number_integer() && rhs.is_number_integer())
+        return get<int64_t>() * rhs.get<int64_t>();
+      else
+        return get<double>() * rhs.get<double>();
+  }
+  Value operator/(const Value& rhs) const {
+      if (is_number_integer() && rhs.is_number_integer())
+        return get<int64_t>() / rhs.get<int64_t>();
+      else
+        return get<double>() / rhs.get<double>();
+  }
+  Value operator%(const Value& rhs) const {
+    return get<int64_t>() % rhs.get<int64_t>();
+  }
+};
+
+struct ArgumentsValue {
+  std::vector<Value> args;
+  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Value>> kwargs;
+
+  bool has_named(const std::string & name) {
+    for (const auto & p : kwargs) {
+      if (p.first == name) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  Value get_named(const std::string & name) {
+    for (const auto & [key, value] : kwargs) {
+      if (key == name) return value;
+    }
+    return Value();
+  }
+
+  bool empty() {
+    return args.empty() && kwargs.empty();
+  }
+
+  void expectArgs(const std::string & method_name, const std::pair<size_t, size_t> & pos_count, const std::pair<size_t, size_t> & kw_count) {
+    if (args.size() < pos_count.first || args.size() > pos_count.second || kwargs.size() < kw_count.first || kwargs.size() > kw_count.second) {
+      std::ostringstream out;
+      out << method_name << " must have between " << pos_count.first << " and " << pos_count.second << " positional arguments and between " << kw_count.first << " and " << kw_count.second << " keyword arguments";
+      throw std::runtime_error(out.str());
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template <>
+inline json Value::get<json>() const {
+  if (is_primitive()) return primitive_;
+  if (is_null()) return json();
+  if (array_) {
+    std::vector<json> res;
+    for (const auto& item : *array_) {
+      res.push_back(item.get<json>());
+    }
+    return res;
+  }
+  if (object_) {
+    json res = json::object();
+    for (const auto& [key, value] : *object_) {
+      if (key.is_string()) {
+        res[key.get<std::string>()] = value.get<json>();
+      } else if (key.is_primitive()) {
+        res[key.dump()] = value.get<json>();
+      } else {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Invalid key type for conversion to JSON: " + key.dump());
+      }
+    }
+    if (is_callable()) {
+      res["__callable__"] = true;
+    }
+    return res;
+  }
+  throw std::runtime_error("get<json> not defined for this value type: " + dump());
+}
+
+} // namespace minja
+
+namespace std {
+  template <>
+  struct hash<minja::Value> {
+    size_t operator()(const minja::Value & v) const {
+      if (!v.is_hashable())
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported type for hashing: " + v.dump());
+      return std::hash<json>()(v.get<json>());
+    }
+  };
+} // namespace std
+
+namespace minja {
+
+static std::string error_location_suffix(const std::string & source, size_t pos) {
+  auto get_line = [&](size_t line) {
+    auto start = source.begin();
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < line; ++i) {
+      start = std::find(start, source.end(), '\n') + 1;
+    }
+    auto end = std::find(start, source.end(), '\n');
+    return std::string(start, end);
+  };
+  auto start = source.begin();
+  auto end = source.end();
+  auto it = start + pos;
+  auto line = std::count(start, it, '\n') + 1;
+  auto max_line = std::count(start, end, '\n') + 1;
+  auto col = pos - std::string(start, it).rfind('\n');
+  std::ostringstream out;
+  out << " at row " << line << ", column " << col << ":\n";
+  if (line > 1) out << get_line(line - 1) << "\n";
+  out << get_line(line) << "\n";
+  out << std::string(col - 1, ' ') << "^\n";
+  if (line < max_line) out << get_line(line + 1) << "\n";
+
+  return out.str();
+}
+
+class Context : public std::enable_shared_from_this<Context> {
+  protected:
+    Value values_;
+    std::shared_ptr<Context> parent_;
+  public:
+    Context(Value && values, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & parent = nullptr) : values_(std::move(values)), parent_(parent) {
+        if (!values_.is_object()) throw std::runtime_error("Context values must be an object: " + values_.dump());
+    }
+    virtual ~Context() {}
+
+    static std::shared_ptr<Context> builtins();
+    static std::shared_ptr<Context> make(Value && values, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & parent = builtins());
+
+    std::vector<Value> keys() {
+        return values_.keys();
+    }
+    virtual Value get(const Value & key) {
+        if (values_.contains(key)) return values_.at(key);
+        if (parent_) return parent_->get(key);
+        return Value();
+    }
+    virtual Value & at(const Value & key) {
+        if (values_.contains(key)) return values_.at(key);
+        if (parent_) return parent_->at(key);
+        throw std::runtime_error("Undefined variable: " + key.dump());
+    }
+    virtual bool contains(const Value & key) {
+        if (values_.contains(key)) return true;
+        if (parent_) return parent_->contains(key);
+        return false;
+    }
+    virtual void set(const Value & key, const Value & value) {
+        values_.set(key, value);
+    }
+};
+
+struct Location {
+    std::shared_ptr<std::string> source;
+    size_t pos;
+};
+
+class Expression {
+protected:
+    virtual Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const = 0;
+public:
+    using Parameters = std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Expression>>>;
+
+    Location location;
+
+    Expression(const Location & location) : location(location) {}
+    virtual ~Expression() = default;
+
+    Value evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const {
+        try {
+            return do_evaluate(context);
+        } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+            std::ostringstream out;
+            out << e.what();
+            if (location.source) out << error_location_suffix(*location.source, location.pos);
+            throw std::runtime_error(out.str());
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+class VariableExpr : public Expression {
+    std::string name;
+public:
+    VariableExpr(const Location & location, const std::string& n)
+      : Expression(location), name(n) {}
+    std::string get_name() const { return name; }
+    Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
+        if (!context->contains(name)) {
+            return Value();
+        }
+        return context->at(name);
+    }
+};
+
+static void destructuring_assign(const std::vector<std::string> & var_names, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context, Value& item) {
+  if (var_names.size() == 1) {
+      Value name(var_names[0]);
+      context->set(name, item);
+  } else {
+      if (!item.is_array() || item.size() != var_names.size()) {
+          throw std::runtime_error("Mismatched number of variables and items in destructuring assignment");
+      }
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < var_names.size(); ++i) {
+          context->set(var_names[i], item.at(i));
+      }
+  }
+}
+
+enum SpaceHandling { Keep, Strip, StripSpaces, StripNewline };
+
+class TemplateToken {
+public:
+    enum class Type { Text, Expression, If, Else, Elif, EndIf, For, EndFor, Generation, EndGeneration, Set, EndSet, Comment, Macro, EndMacro, Filter, EndFilter };
+
+    static std::string typeToString(Type t) {
+        switch (t) {
+            case Type::Text: return "text";
+            case Type::Expression: return "expression";
+            case Type::If: return "if";
+            case Type::Else: return "else";
+            case Type::Elif: return "elif";
+            case Type::EndIf: return "endif";
+            case Type::For: return "for";
+            case Type::EndFor: return "endfor";
+            case Type::Set: return "set";
+            case Type::EndSet: return "endset";
+            case Type::Comment: return "comment";
+            case Type::Macro: return "macro";
+            case Type::EndMacro: return "endmacro";
+            case Type::Filter: return "filter";
+            case Type::EndFilter: return "endfilter";
+            case Type::Generation: return "generation";
+            case Type::EndGeneration: return "endgeneration";
+        }
+        return "Unknown";
+    }
+
+    TemplateToken(Type type, const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : type(type), location(location), pre_space(pre), post_space(post) {}
+    virtual ~TemplateToken() = default;
+
+    Type type;
+    Location location;
+    SpaceHandling pre_space = SpaceHandling::Keep;
+    SpaceHandling post_space = SpaceHandling::Keep;
+};
+
+struct TextTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
+    std::string text;
+    TextTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, const std::string& t) : TemplateToken(Type::Text, location, pre, post), text(t) {}
+};
+
+struct ExpressionTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> expr;
+    ExpressionTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && e) : TemplateToken(Type::Expression, location, pre, post), expr(std::move(e)) {}
+};
+
+struct IfTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> condition;
+    IfTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && c) : TemplateToken(Type::If, location, pre, post), condition(std::move(c)) {}
+};
+
+struct ElifTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> condition;
+    ElifTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && c) : TemplateToken(Type::Elif, location, pre, post), condition(std::move(c)) {}
+};
+
+struct ElseTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
+    ElseTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::Else, location, pre, post) {}
+};
+
+struct EndIfTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
+    EndIfTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::EndIf, location, pre, post) {}
+};
+
+struct MacroTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
+    std::shared_ptr<VariableExpr> name;
+    Expression::Parameters params;
+    MacroTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, std::shared_ptr<VariableExpr> && n, Expression::Parameters && p)
+      : TemplateToken(Type::Macro, location, pre, post), name(std::move(n)), params(std::move(p)) {}
+};
+
+struct EndMacroTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
+    EndMacroTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::EndMacro, location, pre, post) {}
+};
+
+struct FilterTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> filter;
+    FilterTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && filter)
+      : TemplateToken(Type::Filter, location, pre, post), filter(std::move(filter)) {}
+};
+
+struct EndFilterTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
+    EndFilterTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::EndFilter, location, pre, post) {}
+};
+
+struct ForTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
+    std::vector<std::string> var_names;
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> iterable;
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> condition;
+    bool recursive;
+    ForTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, const std::vector<std::string> & vns, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && iter,
+      std::shared_ptr<Expression> && c, bool r)
+      : TemplateToken(Type::For, location, pre, post), var_names(vns), iterable(std::move(iter)), condition(std::move(c)), recursive(r) {}
+};
+
+struct EndForTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
+    EndForTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::EndFor, location, pre, post) {}
+};
+
+struct GenerationTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
+    GenerationTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::Generation, location, pre, post) {}
+};
+
+struct EndGenerationTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
+    EndGenerationTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::EndGeneration, location, pre, post) {}
+};
+
+struct SetTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
+    std::string ns;
+    std::vector<std::string> var_names;
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> value;
+    SetTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, const std::string & ns, const std::vector<std::string> & vns, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && v)
+      : TemplateToken(Type::Set, location, pre, post), ns(ns), var_names(vns), value(std::move(v)) {}
+};
+
+struct EndSetTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
+    EndSetTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::EndSet, location, pre, post) {}
+};
+
+struct CommentTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
+    std::string text;
+    CommentTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, const std::string& t) : TemplateToken(Type::Comment, location, pre, post), text(t) {}
+};
+
+class TemplateNode {
+    Location location_;
+protected:
+    virtual void do_render(std::ostringstream & out, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const = 0;
+
+public:
+    TemplateNode(const Location & location) : location_(location) {}
+    void render(std::ostringstream & out, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const {
+        try {
+            do_render(out, context);
+        } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+            std::ostringstream err;
+            err << e.what();
+            if (location_.source) err << error_location_suffix(*location_.source, location_.pos);
+            throw std::runtime_error(err.str());
+        }
+    }
+    const Location & location() const { return location_; }
+    virtual ~TemplateNode() = default;
+    std::string render(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const {
+        std::ostringstream out;
+        render(out, context);
+        return out.str();
+    }
+};
+
+class SequenceNode : public TemplateNode {
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode>> children;
+public:
+    SequenceNode(const Location & location, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode>> && c)
+      : TemplateNode(location), children(std::move(c)) {}
+    void do_render(std::ostringstream & out, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
+        for (const auto& child : children) child->render(out, context);
+    }
+};
+
+class TextNode : public TemplateNode {
+    std::string text;
+public:
+    TextNode(const Location & location, const std::string& t) : TemplateNode(location), text(t) {}
+    void do_render(std::ostringstream & out, const std::shared_ptr<Context> &) const override {
+      out << text;
+    }
+};
+
+class ExpressionNode : public TemplateNode {
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> expr;
+public:
+    ExpressionNode(const Location & location, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && e) : TemplateNode(location), expr(std::move(e)) {}
+    void do_render(std::ostringstream & out, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
+      if (!expr) throw std::runtime_error("ExpressionNode.expr is null");
+      auto result = expr->evaluate(context);
+      if (result.is_string()) {
+          out << result.get<std::string>();
+      } else if (result.is_boolean()) {
+          out << (result.get<bool>() ? "True" : "False");
+      } else if (!result.is_null()) {
+          out << result.dump();
+      }
+  }
+};
+
+class IfNode : public TemplateNode {
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::shared_ptr<Expression>, std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode>>> cascade;
+public:
+    IfNode(const Location & location, std::vector<std::pair<std::shared_ptr<Expression>, std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode>>> && c)
+        : TemplateNode(location), cascade(std::move(c)) {}
+    void do_render(std::ostringstream & out, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
+      for (const auto& branch : cascade) {
+          auto enter_branch = true;
+          if (branch.first) {
+            enter_branch = branch.first->evaluate(context).to_bool();
+          }
+          if (enter_branch) {
+            if (!branch.second) throw std::runtime_error("IfNode.cascade.second is null");
+              branch.second->render(out, context);
+              return;
+          }
+      }
+    }
+};
+
+class ForNode : public TemplateNode {
+    std::vector<std::string> var_names;
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> iterable;
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> condition;
+    std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> body;
+    bool recursive;
+    std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> else_body;
+public:
+    ForNode(const Location & location, std::vector<std::string> && var_names, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && iterable,
+      std::shared_ptr<Expression> && condition, std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> && body, bool recursive, std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> && else_body)
+            : TemplateNode(location), var_names(var_names), iterable(std::move(iterable)), condition(std::move(condition)), body(std::move(body)), recursive(recursive), else_body(std::move(else_body)) {}
+
+    void do_render(std::ostringstream & out, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
+      // https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/en/3.0.x/templates/#for
+      if (!iterable) throw std::runtime_error("ForNode.iterable is null");
+      if (!body) throw std::runtime_error("ForNode.body is null");
+
+      auto iterable_value = iterable->evaluate(context);
+      Value::CallableType loop_function;
+
+      std::function<void(Value&)> visit = [&](Value& iter) {
+          auto filtered_items = Value::array();
+          if (!iter.is_null()) {
+            if (!iterable_value.is_iterable()) {
+              throw std::runtime_error("For loop iterable must be iterable: " + iterable_value.dump());
+            }
+            iterable_value.for_each([&](Value & item) {
+                destructuring_assign(var_names, context, item);
+                if (!condition || condition->evaluate(context).to_bool()) {
+                  filtered_items.push_back(item);
+                }
+            });
+          }
+          if (filtered_items.empty()) {
+            if (else_body) {
+              else_body->render(out, context);
+            }
+          } else {
+              auto loop = recursive ? Value::callable(loop_function) : Value::object();
+              loop.set("length", (int64_t) filtered_items.size());
+
+              size_t cycle_index = 0;
+              loop.set("cycle", Value::callable([&](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, ArgumentsValue & args) {
+                  if (args.args.empty() || !args.kwargs.empty()) {
+                      throw std::runtime_error("cycle() expects at least 1 positional argument and no named arg");
+                  }
+                  auto item = args.args[cycle_index];
+                  cycle_index = (cycle_index + 1) % args.args.size();
+                  return item;
+              }));
+              auto loop_context = Context::make(Value::object(), context);
+              loop_context->set("loop", loop);
+              for (size_t i = 0, n = filtered_items.size(); i < n; ++i) {
+                  auto & item = filtered_items.at(i);
+                  destructuring_assign(var_names, loop_context, item);
+                  loop.set("index", (int64_t) i + 1);
+                  loop.set("index0", (int64_t) i);
+                  loop.set("revindex", (int64_t) (n - i));
+                  loop.set("revindex0", (int64_t) (n - i - 1));
+                  loop.set("length", (int64_t) n);
+                  loop.set("first", i == 0);
+                  loop.set("last", i == (n - 1));
+                  loop.set("previtem", i > 0 ? filtered_items.at(i - 1) : Value());
+                  loop.set("nextitem", i < n - 1 ? filtered_items.at(i + 1) : Value());
+                  body->render(out, loop_context);
+              }
+          }
+      };
+
+      if (recursive) {
+        loop_function = [&](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, ArgumentsValue & args) {
+            if (args.args.size() != 1 || !args.kwargs.empty() || !args.args[0].is_array()) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("loop() expects exactly 1 positional iterable argument");
+            }
+            auto & items = args.args[0];
+            visit(items);
+            return Value();
+        };
+      }
+
+      visit(iterable_value);
+  }
+};
+
+class MacroNode : public TemplateNode {
+    std::shared_ptr<VariableExpr> name;
+    Expression::Parameters params;
+    std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> body;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, size_t> named_param_positions;
+public:
+    MacroNode(const Location & location, std::shared_ptr<VariableExpr> && n, Expression::Parameters && p, std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> && b)
+        : TemplateNode(location), name(std::move(n)), params(std::move(p)), body(std::move(b)) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < params.size(); ++i) {
+          const auto & name = params[i].first;
+          if (!name.empty()) {
+            named_param_positions[name] = i;
+          }
+        }
+    }
+    void do_render(std::ostringstream &, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & macro_context) const override {
+        if (!name) throw std::runtime_error("MacroNode.name is null");
+        if (!body) throw std::runtime_error("MacroNode.body is null");
+        auto callable = Value::callable([&](const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context, ArgumentsValue & args) {
+            auto call_context = macro_context;
+            std::vector<bool> param_set(params.size(), false);
+            for (size_t i = 0, n = args.args.size(); i < n; i++) {
+                auto & arg = args.args[i];
+                if (i >= params.size()) throw std::runtime_error("Too many positional arguments for macro " + name->get_name());
+                param_set[i] = true;
+                auto & param_name = params[i].first;
+                call_context->set(param_name, arg);
+            }
+            for (auto & [arg_name, value] : args.kwargs) {
+                auto it = named_param_positions.find(arg_name);
+                if (it == named_param_positions.end()) throw std::runtime_error("Unknown parameter name for macro " + name->get_name() + ": " + arg_name);
+
+                call_context->set(arg_name, value);
+                param_set[it->second] = true;
+            }
+            // Set default values for parameters that were not passed
+            for (size_t i = 0, n = params.size(); i < n; i++) {
+                if (!param_set[i] && params[i].second != nullptr) {
+                    auto val = params[i].second->evaluate(context);
+                    call_context->set(params[i].first, val);
+                }
+            }
+            return body->render(call_context);
+        });
+        macro_context->set(name->get_name(), callable);
+    }
+};
+
+class FilterNode : public TemplateNode {
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> filter;
+    std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> body;
+
+public:
+    FilterNode(const Location & location, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && f, std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> && b)
+        : TemplateNode(location), filter(std::move(f)), body(std::move(b)) {}
+
+    void do_render(std::ostringstream & out, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
+        if (!filter) throw std::runtime_error("FilterNode.filter is null");
+        if (!body) throw std::runtime_error("FilterNode.body is null");
+        auto filter_value = filter->evaluate(context);
+        if (!filter_value.is_callable()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Filter must be a callable: " + filter_value.dump());
+        }
+        std::string rendered_body = body->render(context);
+
+        ArgumentsValue filter_args = {{Value(rendered_body)}, {}};
+        auto result = filter_value.call(context, filter_args);
+        out << result.to_str();
+    }
+};
+
+class SetNode : public TemplateNode {
+    std::string ns;
+    std::vector<std::string> var_names;
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> value;
+public:
+    SetNode(const Location & location, const std::string & ns, const std::vector<std::string> & vns, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && v)
+        : TemplateNode(location), ns(ns), var_names(vns), value(std::move(v)) {}
+    void do_render(std::ostringstream &, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
+      if (!value) throw std::runtime_error("SetNode.value is null");
+      if (!ns.empty()) {
+        if (var_names.size() != 1) {
+          throw std::runtime_error("Namespaced set only supports a single variable name");
+        }
+        auto & name = var_names[0];
+        auto ns_value = context->get(ns);
+        if (!ns_value.is_object()) throw std::runtime_error("Namespace '" + ns + "' is not an object");
+        ns_value.set(name, this->value->evaluate(context));
+      } else {
+        auto val = value->evaluate(context);
+        destructuring_assign(var_names, context, val);
+      }
+    }
+};
+
+class SetTemplateNode : public TemplateNode {
+    std::string name;
+    std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> template_value;
+public:
+    SetTemplateNode(const Location & location, const std::string & name, std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> && tv)
+        : TemplateNode(location), name(name), template_value(std::move(tv)) {}
+    void do_render(std::ostringstream &, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
+      if (!template_value) throw std::runtime_error("SetTemplateNode.template_value is null");
+      Value value { template_value->render(context) };
+      context->set(name, value);
+    }
+};
+
+class IfExpr : public Expression {
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> condition;
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> then_expr;
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> else_expr;
+public:
+    IfExpr(const Location & location, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && c, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && t, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && e)
+        : Expression(location), condition(std::move(c)), then_expr(std::move(t)), else_expr(std::move(e)) {}
+    Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
+      if (!condition) throw std::runtime_error("IfExpr.condition is null");
+      if (!then_expr) throw std::runtime_error("IfExpr.then_expr is null");
+      if (condition->evaluate(context).to_bool()) {
+        return then_expr->evaluate(context);
+      }
+      if (else_expr) {
+        return else_expr->evaluate(context);
+      }
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+};
+
+class LiteralExpr : public Expression {
+    Value value;
+public:
+    LiteralExpr(const Location & location, const Value& v)
+      : Expression(location), value(v) {}
+    Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> &) const override { return value; }
+};
+
+class ArrayExpr : public Expression {
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Expression>> elements;
+public:
+    ArrayExpr(const Location & location, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Expression>> && e)
+      : Expression(location), elements(std::move(e)) {}
+    Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
+        auto result = Value::array();
+        for (const auto& e : elements) {
+            if (!e) throw std::runtime_error("Array element is null");
+            result.push_back(e->evaluate(context));
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+};
+
+class DictExpr : public Expression {
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::shared_ptr<Expression>, std::shared_ptr<Expression>>> elements;
+public:
+    DictExpr(const Location & location, std::vector<std::pair<std::shared_ptr<Expression>, std::shared_ptr<Expression>>> && e)
+      : Expression(location), elements(std::move(e)) {}
+    Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
+        auto result = Value::object();
+        for (const auto& [key, value] : elements) {
+            if (!key) throw std::runtime_error("Dict key is null");
+            if (!value) throw std::runtime_error("Dict value is null");
+            result.set(key->evaluate(context), value->evaluate(context));
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+};
+
+class SliceExpr : public Expression {
+public:
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> start, end;
+    SliceExpr(const Location & location, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && s, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && e)
+      : Expression(location), start(std::move(s)), end(std::move(e)) {}
+    Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> &) const override {
+        throw std::runtime_error("SliceExpr not implemented");
+    }
+};
+
+class SubscriptExpr : public Expression {
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> base;
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> index;
+public:
+    SubscriptExpr(const Location & location, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && b, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && i)
+        : Expression(location), base(std::move(b)), index(std::move(i)) {}
+    Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
+        if (!base) throw std::runtime_error("SubscriptExpr.base is null");
+        if (!index) throw std::runtime_error("SubscriptExpr.index is null");
+        auto target_value = base->evaluate(context);
+        if (auto slice = dynamic_cast<SliceExpr*>(index.get())) {
+          auto start = slice->start ? slice->start->evaluate(context).get<int64_t>() : 0;
+          auto end = slice->end ? slice->end->evaluate(context).get<int64_t>() : (int64_t) target_value.size();
+          if (target_value.is_string()) {
+            std::string s = target_value.get<std::string>();
+            if (start < 0) start = s.size() + start;
+            if (end < 0) end = s.size() + end;
+            return s.substr(start, end - start);
+          } else if (target_value.is_array()) {
+            if (start < 0) start = target_value.size() + start;
+            if (end < 0) end = target_value.size() + end;
+            auto result = Value::array();
+            for (auto i = start; i < end; ++i) {
+              result.push_back(target_value.at(i));
+            }
+            return result;
+          } else {
+            throw std::runtime_error(target_value.is_null() ? "Cannot subscript null" : "Subscripting only supported on arrays and strings");
+          }
+        } else {
+          auto index_value = index->evaluate(context);
+          if (target_value.is_null()) {
+            if (auto t = dynamic_cast<VariableExpr*>(base.get())) {
+              throw std::runtime_error("'" + t->get_name() + "' is " + (context->contains(t->get_name()) ? "null" : "not defined"));
+            }
+            throw std::runtime_error("Trying to access property '" +  index_value.dump() + "' on null!");
+          }
+          return target_value.get(index_value);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+class UnaryOpExpr : public Expression {
+public:
+    enum class Op { Plus, Minus, LogicalNot, Expansion, ExpansionDict };
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> expr;
+    Op op;
+    UnaryOpExpr(const Location & location, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && e, Op o)
+      : Expression(location), expr(std::move(e)), op(o) {}
+    Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
+        if (!expr) throw std::runtime_error("UnaryOpExpr.expr is null");
+        auto e = expr->evaluate(context);
+        switch (op) {
+            case Op::Plus: return e;
+            case Op::Minus: return -e;
+            case Op::LogicalNot: return !e.to_bool();
+            case Op::Expansion:
+            case Op::ExpansionDict:
+                throw std::runtime_error("Expansion operator is only supported in function calls and collections");
+
+        }
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unknown unary operator");
+    }
+};
+
+class BinaryOpExpr : public Expression {
+public:
+    enum class Op { StrConcat, Add, Sub, Mul, MulMul, Div, DivDiv, Mod, Eq, Ne, Lt, Gt, Le, Ge, And, Or, In, NotIn, Is, IsNot };
+private:
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> left;
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> right;
+    Op op;
+public:
+    BinaryOpExpr(const Location & location, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && l, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && r, Op o)
+        : Expression(location), left(std::move(l)), right(std::move(r)), op(o) {}
+    Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
+        if (!left) throw std::runtime_error("BinaryOpExpr.left is null");
+        if (!right) throw std::runtime_error("BinaryOpExpr.right is null");
+        auto l = left->evaluate(context);
+
+        auto do_eval = [&](const Value & l) -> Value {
+          if (op == Op::Is || op == Op::IsNot) {
+            auto t = dynamic_cast<VariableExpr*>(right.get());
+            if (!t) throw std::runtime_error("Right side of 'is' operator must be a variable");
+
+            auto eval = [&]() {
+              const auto & name = t->get_name();
+              if (name == "none") return l.is_null();
+              if (name == "boolean") return l.is_boolean();
+              if (name == "integer") return l.is_number_integer();
+              if (name == "float") return l.is_number_float();
+              if (name == "number") return l.is_number();
+              if (name == "string") return l.is_string();
+              if (name == "mapping") return l.is_object();
+              if (name == "iterable") return l.is_iterable();
+              if (name == "sequence") return l.is_array();
+              if (name == "defined") return !l.is_null();
+              throw std::runtime_error("Unknown type for 'is' operator: " + name);
+            };
+            auto value = eval();
+            return Value(op == Op::Is ? value : !value);
+          }
+
+          if (op == Op::And) {
+            if (!l.to_bool()) return Value(false);
+            return right->evaluate(context).to_bool();
+          } else if (op == Op::Or) {
+            if (l.to_bool()) return l;
+            return right->evaluate(context);
+          }
+
+          auto r = right->evaluate(context);
+          switch (op) {
+              case Op::StrConcat: return l.to_str() + r.to_str();
+              case Op::Add:       return l + r;
+              case Op::Sub:       return l - r;
+              case Op::Mul:       return l * r;
+              case Op::Div:       return l / r;
+              case Op::MulMul:    return std::pow(l.get<double>(), r.get<double>());
+              case Op::DivDiv:    return l.get<int64_t>() / r.get<int64_t>();
+              case Op::Mod:       return l.get<int64_t>() % r.get<int64_t>();
+              case Op::Eq:        return l == r;
+              case Op::Ne:        return l != r;
+              case Op::Lt:        return l < r;
+              case Op::Gt:        return l > r;
+              case Op::Le:        return l <= r;
+              case Op::Ge:        return l >= r;
+              case Op::In:        return (r.is_array() || r.is_object()) && r.contains(l);
+              case Op::NotIn:     return !(r.is_array() && r.contains(l));
+              default:            break;
+          }
+          throw std::runtime_error("Unknown binary operator");
+        };
+
+        if (l.is_callable()) {
+          return Value::callable([l, do_eval](const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context, ArgumentsValue & args) {
+            auto ll = l.call(context, args);
+            return do_eval(ll); //args[0].second);
+          });
+        } else {
+          return do_eval(l);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+struct ArgumentsExpression {
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Expression>> args;
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Expression>>> kwargs;
+
+    ArgumentsValue evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const {
+        ArgumentsValue vargs;
+        for (const auto& arg : this->args) {
+            if (auto un_expr = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<UnaryOpExpr>(arg)) {
+                if (un_expr->op == UnaryOpExpr::Op::Expansion) {
+                    auto array = un_expr->expr->evaluate(context);
+                    if (!array.is_array()) {
+                        throw std::runtime_error("Expansion operator only supported on arrays");
+                    }
+                    array.for_each([&](Value & value) {
+                        vargs.args.push_back(value);
+                    });
+                    continue;
+                } else if (un_expr->op == UnaryOpExpr::Op::ExpansionDict) {
+                    auto dict = un_expr->expr->evaluate(context);
+                    if (!dict.is_object()) {
+                        throw std::runtime_error("ExpansionDict operator only supported on objects");
+                    }
+                    dict.for_each([&](const Value & key) {
+                        vargs.kwargs.push_back({key.get<std::string>(), dict.at(key)});
+                    });
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+            vargs.args.push_back(arg->evaluate(context));
+        }
+        for (const auto& [name, value] : this->kwargs) {
+            vargs.kwargs.push_back({name, value->evaluate(context)});
+        }
+        return vargs;
+    }
+};
+
+static std::string strip(const std::string & s) {
+  auto start = s.find_first_not_of(" \t\n\r");
+  if (start == std::string::npos) return "";
+  auto end = s.find_last_not_of(" \t\n\r");
+  return s.substr(start, end - start + 1);
+}
+
+static std::string html_escape(const std::string & s) {
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(s.size());
+  for (const auto & c : s) {
+    switch (c) {
+      case '&': result += "&amp;"; break;
+      case '<': result += "&lt;"; break;
+      case '>': result += "&gt;"; break;
+      case '"': result += "&#34;"; break;
+      case '\'': result += "&apos;"; break;
+      default: result += c; break;
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+class MethodCallExpr : public Expression {
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> object;
+    std::shared_ptr<VariableExpr> method;
+    ArgumentsExpression args;
+public:
+    MethodCallExpr(const Location & location, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && obj, std::shared_ptr<VariableExpr> && m, ArgumentsExpression && a)
+        : Expression(location), object(std::move(obj)), method(std::move(m)), args(std::move(a)) {}
+    Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
+        if (!object) throw std::runtime_error("MethodCallExpr.object is null");
+        if (!method) throw std::runtime_error("MethodCallExpr.method is null");
+        auto obj = object->evaluate(context);
+        auto vargs = args.evaluate(context);
+        if (obj.is_null()) {
+          throw std::runtime_error("Trying to call method '" + method->get_name() + "' on null");
+        }
+        if (obj.is_array()) {
+          if (method->get_name() == "append") {
+              vargs.expectArgs("append method", {1, 1}, {0, 0});
+              obj.push_back(vargs.args[0]);
+              return Value();
+          } else if (method->get_name() == "pop") {
+              vargs.expectArgs("pop method", {0, 1}, {0, 0});
+              return obj.pop(vargs.args.empty() ? Value() : vargs.args[0]);
+          } else if (method->get_name() == "insert") {
+              vargs.expectArgs("insert method", {2, 2}, {0, 0});
+              auto index = vargs.args[0].get<int64_t>();
+              if (index < 0 || index > (int64_t) obj.size()) throw std::runtime_error("Index out of range for insert method");
+              obj.insert(index, vargs.args[1]);
+              return Value();
+          }
+        } else if (obj.is_object()) {
+          if (method->get_name() == "items") {
+            vargs.expectArgs("items method", {0, 0}, {0, 0});
+            auto result = Value::array();
+            for (const auto& key : obj.keys()) {
+              result.push_back(Value::array({key, obj.at(key)}));
+            }
+            return result;
+          } else if (method->get_name() == "pop") {
+            vargs.expectArgs("pop method", {1, 1}, {0, 0});
+            return obj.pop(vargs.args[0]);
+          } else if (method->get_name() == "get") {
+            vargs.expectArgs("get method", {1, 2}, {0, 0});
+            auto key = vargs.args[0];
+            if (vargs.args.size() == 1) {
+              return obj.contains(key) ? obj.at(key) : Value();
+            } else {
+              return obj.contains(key) ? obj.at(key) : vargs.args[1];
+            }
+          } else if (obj.contains(method->get_name())) {
+            auto callable = obj.at(method->get_name());
+            if (!callable.is_callable()) {
+              throw std::runtime_error("Property '" + method->get_name() + "' is not callable");
+            }
+            return callable.call(context, vargs);
+          }
+        } else if (obj.is_string()) {
+          auto str = obj.get<std::string>();
+          if (method->get_name() == "strip") {
+            vargs.expectArgs("strip method", {0, 0}, {0, 0});
+            return Value(strip(str));
+          } else if (method->get_name() == "endswith") {
+            vargs.expectArgs("endswith method", {1, 1}, {0, 0});
+            auto suffix = vargs.args[0].get<std::string>();
+            return suffix.length() <= str.length() && std::equal(suffix.rbegin(), suffix.rend(), str.rbegin());
+          } else if (method->get_name() == "title") {
+            vargs.expectArgs("title method", {0, 0}, {0, 0});
+            auto res = str;
+            for (size_t i = 0, n = res.size(); i < n; ++i) {
+              if (i == 0 || std::isspace(res[i - 1])) res[i] = std::toupper(res[i]);
+              else res[i] = std::tolower(res[i]);
+            }
+            return res;
+          }
+        }
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unknown method: " + method->get_name());
+    }
+};
+
+class CallExpr : public Expression {
+public:
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> object;
+    ArgumentsExpression args;
+    CallExpr(const Location & location, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && obj, ArgumentsExpression && a)
+        : Expression(location), object(std::move(obj)), args(std::move(a)) {}
+    Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
+        if (!object) throw std::runtime_error("CallExpr.object is null");
+        auto obj = object->evaluate(context);
+        if (!obj.is_callable()) {
+          throw std::runtime_error("Object is not callable: " + obj.dump(2));
+        }
+        auto vargs = args.evaluate(context);
+        return obj.call(context, vargs);
+    }
+};
+
+class FilterExpr : public Expression {
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Expression>> parts;
+public:
+    FilterExpr(const Location & location, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Expression>> && p)
+      : Expression(location), parts(std::move(p)) {}
+    Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
+        Value result;
+        bool first = true;
+        for (const auto& part : parts) {
+          if (!part) throw std::runtime_error("FilterExpr.part is null");
+          if (first) {
+            first = false;
+            result = part->evaluate(context);
+          } else {
+            if (auto ce = dynamic_cast<CallExpr*>(part.get())) {
+              auto target = ce->object->evaluate(context);
+              ArgumentsValue args = ce->args.evaluate(context);
+              args.args.insert(args.args.begin(), result);
+              result = target.call(context, args);
+            } else {
+              auto callable = part->evaluate(context);
+              ArgumentsValue args;
+              args.args.insert(args.args.begin(), result);
+              result = callable.call(context, args);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    void prepend(std::shared_ptr<Expression> && e) {
+        parts.insert(parts.begin(), std::move(e));
+    }
+};
+
+class Parser {
+private:
+    using CharIterator = std::string::const_iterator;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<std::string> template_str;
+    CharIterator start, end, it;
+    Options options;
+
+    Parser(const std::shared_ptr<std::string>& template_str, const Options & options) : template_str(template_str), options(options) {
+      if (!template_str) throw std::runtime_error("Template string is null");
+      start = it = this->template_str->begin();
+      end = this->template_str->end();
+    }
+
+    bool consumeSpaces(SpaceHandling space_handling = SpaceHandling::Strip) {
+      if (space_handling == SpaceHandling::Strip) {
+        while (it != end && std::isspace(*it)) ++it;
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<std::string> parseString() {
+      auto doParse = [&](char quote) -> std::unique_ptr<std::string> {
+        if (it == end || *it != quote) return nullptr;
+        std::string result;
+        bool escape = false;
+        for (++it; it != end; ++it) {
+          if (escape) {
+            escape = false;
+            switch (*it) {
+              case 'n': result += '\n'; break;
+              case 'r': result += '\r'; break;
+              case 't': result += '\t'; break;
+              case 'b': result += '\b'; break;
+              case 'f': result += '\f'; break;
+              case '\\': result += '\\'; break;
+              default:
+                if (*it == quote) {
+                  result += quote;
+                } else {
+                  result += *it;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+          } else if (*it == '\\') {
+            escape = true;
+          } else if (*it == quote) {
+              ++it;
+            return std::make_unique<std::string>(std::move(result));
+          } else {
+            result += *it;
+          }
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+      };
+
+      consumeSpaces();
+      if (it == end) return nullptr;
+      if (*it == '"') return doParse('"');
+      if (*it == '\'') return doParse('\'');
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    json parseNumber(CharIterator& it, const CharIterator& end) {
+        auto before = it;
+        consumeSpaces();
+        auto start = it;
+        bool hasDecimal = false;
+        bool hasExponent = false;
+
+        if (it != end && (*it == '-' || *it == '+')) ++it;
+
+        while (it != end) {
+          if (std::isdigit(*it)) {
+            ++it;
+          } else if (*it == '.') {
+            if (hasDecimal) throw std::runtime_error("Multiple decimal points");
+            hasDecimal = true;
+            ++it;
+          } else if (it != start && (*it == 'e' || *it == 'E')) {
+            if (hasExponent) throw std::runtime_error("Multiple exponents");
+            hasExponent = true;
+            ++it;
+          } else {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        if (start == it) {
+          it = before;
+          return json(); // No valid characters found
+        }
+
+        std::string str(start, it);
+        try {
+          return json::parse(str);
+        } catch (json::parse_error& e) {
+          throw std::runtime_error("Failed to parse number: '" + str + "' (" + std::string(e.what()) + ")");
+          return json();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** integer, float, bool, string */
+    std::shared_ptr<Value> parseConstant() {
+      auto start = it;
+      consumeSpaces();
+      if (it == end) return nullptr;
+      if (*it == '"' || *it == '\'') {
+        auto str = parseString();
+        if (str) return std::make_shared<Value>(*str);
+      }
+      static std::regex prim_tok(R"(true\b|True\b|false\b|False\b|None\b)");
+      auto token = consumeToken(prim_tok);
+      if (!token.empty()) {
+        if (token == "true" || token == "True") return std::make_shared<Value>(true);
+        if (token == "false" || token == "False") return std::make_shared<Value>(false);
+        if (token == "None") return std::make_shared<Value>(nullptr);
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unknown constant token: " + token);
+      }
+
+      auto number = parseNumber(it, end);
+      if (!number.is_null()) return std::make_shared<Value>(number);
+
+      it = start;
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    class expression_parsing_error : public std::runtime_error {
+        const CharIterator it;
+      public:
+        expression_parsing_error(const std::string & message, const CharIterator & it)
+            : std::runtime_error(message), it(it) {}
+        size_t get_pos(const CharIterator & begin) const {
+            return std::distance(begin, it);
+      }
+    };
+
+    bool peekSymbols(const std::vector<std::string> & symbols) const {
+        for (const auto & symbol : symbols) {
+            if (std::distance(it, end) >= (int64_t) symbol.size() && std::string(it, it + symbol.size()) == symbol) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> consumeTokenGroups(const std::regex & regex, SpaceHandling space_handling = SpaceHandling::Strip) {
+        auto start = it;
+        consumeSpaces(space_handling);
+        std::smatch match;
+        if (std::regex_search(it, end, match, regex) && match.position() == 0) {
+            it += match[0].length();
+            std::vector<std::string> ret;
+            for (size_t i = 0, n = match.size(); i < n; ++i) {
+                ret.push_back(match[i].str());
+            }
+            return ret;
+        }
+        it = start;
+        return {};
+    }
+    std::string consumeToken(const std::regex & regex, SpaceHandling space_handling = SpaceHandling::Strip) {
+        auto start = it;
+        consumeSpaces(space_handling);
+        std::smatch match;
+        if (std::regex_search(it, end, match, regex) && match.position() == 0) {
+            it += match[0].length();
+            return match[0].str();
+        }
+        it = start;
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    std::string consumeToken(const std::string & token, SpaceHandling space_handling = SpaceHandling::Strip) {
+        auto start = it;
+        consumeSpaces(space_handling);
+        if (std::distance(it, end) >= (int64_t) token.size() && std::string(it, it + token.size()) == token) {
+            it += token.size();
+            return token;
+        }
+        it = start;
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> parseExpression(bool allow_if_expr = true) {
+        auto left = parseLogicalOr();
+        if (it == end) return left;
+
+        if (!allow_if_expr) return left;
+
+        static std::regex if_tok(R"(if\b)");
+        if (consumeToken(if_tok).empty()) {
+          return left;
+        }
+
+        auto location = get_location();
+        auto [condition, else_expr] = parseIfExpression();
+        return std::make_shared<IfExpr>(location, std::move(condition), std::move(left), std::move(else_expr));
+    }
+
+    Location get_location() const {
+        return {template_str, (size_t) std::distance(start, it)};
+    }
+
+    std::pair<std::shared_ptr<Expression>, std::shared_ptr<Expression>> parseIfExpression() {
+        auto condition = parseLogicalOr();
+        if (!condition) throw std::runtime_error("Expected condition expression");
+
+        static std::regex else_tok(R"(else\b)");
+        std::shared_ptr<Expression> else_expr;
+        if (!consumeToken(else_tok).empty()) {
+          else_expr = parseExpression();
+          if (!else_expr) throw std::runtime_error("Expected 'else' expression");
+        }
+        return std::pair(std::move(condition), std::move(else_expr));
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> parseLogicalOr() {
+        auto left = parseLogicalAnd();
+        if (!left) throw std::runtime_error("Expected left side of 'logical or' expression");
+
+        static std::regex or_tok(R"(or\b)");
+        auto location = get_location();
+        while (!consumeToken(or_tok).empty()) {
+            auto right = parseLogicalAnd();
+            if (!right) throw std::runtime_error("Expected right side of 'or' expression");
+            left = std::make_shared<BinaryOpExpr>(location, std::move(left), std::move(right), BinaryOpExpr::Op::Or);
+        }
+        return left;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> parseLogicalNot() {
+        static std::regex not_tok(R"(not\b)");
+        auto location = get_location();
+
+        if (!consumeToken(not_tok).empty()) {
+          auto sub = parseLogicalNot();
+          if (!sub) throw std::runtime_error("Expected expression after 'not' keyword");
+          return std::make_shared<UnaryOpExpr>(location, std::move(sub), UnaryOpExpr::Op::LogicalNot);
+        }
+        return parseLogicalCompare();
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> parseLogicalAnd() {
+        auto left = parseLogicalNot();
+        if (!left) throw std::runtime_error("Expected left side of 'logical and' expression");
+
+        static std::regex and_tok(R"(and\b)");
+        auto location = get_location();
+        while (!consumeToken(and_tok).empty()) {
+            auto right = parseLogicalNot();
+            if (!right) throw std::runtime_error("Expected right side of 'and' expression");
+            left = std::make_shared<BinaryOpExpr>(location, std::move(left), std::move(right), BinaryOpExpr::Op::And);
+        }
+        return left;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> parseLogicalCompare() {
+        auto left = parseStringConcat();
+        if (!left) throw std::runtime_error("Expected left side of 'logical compare' expression");
+
+        static std::regex compare_tok(R"(==|!=|<=?|>=?|in\b|is\b|not[\r\n\s]+in\b)");
+        static std::regex not_tok(R"(not\b)");
+        std::string op_str;
+        while (!(op_str = consumeToken(compare_tok)).empty()) {
+            auto location = get_location();
+            if (op_str == "is") {
+              auto negated = !consumeToken(not_tok).empty();
+
+              auto identifier = parseIdentifier();
+              if (!identifier) throw std::runtime_error("Expected identifier after 'is' keyword");
+
+              return std::make_shared<BinaryOpExpr>(
+                  left->location,
+                  std::move(left), std::move(identifier),
+                  negated ? BinaryOpExpr::Op::IsNot : BinaryOpExpr::Op::Is);
+            }
+            auto right = parseStringConcat();
+            if (!right) throw std::runtime_error("Expected right side of 'logical compare' expression");
+            BinaryOpExpr::Op op;
+            if (op_str == "==") op = BinaryOpExpr::Op::Eq;
+            else if (op_str == "!=") op = BinaryOpExpr::Op::Ne;
+            else if (op_str == "<") op = BinaryOpExpr::Op::Lt;
+            else if (op_str == ">") op = BinaryOpExpr::Op::Gt;
+            else if (op_str == "<=") op = BinaryOpExpr::Op::Le;
+            else if (op_str == ">=") op = BinaryOpExpr::Op::Ge;
+            else if (op_str == "in") op = BinaryOpExpr::Op::In;
+            else if (op_str.substr(0, 3) == "not") op = BinaryOpExpr::Op::NotIn;
+            else throw std::runtime_error("Unknown comparison operator: " + op_str);
+            left = std::make_shared<BinaryOpExpr>(get_location(), std::move(left), std::move(right), op);
+        }
+        return left;
+    }
+
+    Expression::Parameters parseParameters() {
+        consumeSpaces();
+        if (consumeToken("(").empty()) throw std::runtime_error("Expected opening parenthesis in param list");
+
+        Expression::Parameters result;
+
+        while (it != end) {
+            if (!consumeToken(")").empty()) {
+                return result;
+            }
+            auto expr = parseExpression();
+            if (!expr) throw std::runtime_error("Expected expression in call args");
+
+            if (auto ident = dynamic_cast<VariableExpr*>(expr.get())) {
+                if (!consumeToken("=").empty()) {
+                    auto value = parseExpression();
+                    if (!value) throw std::runtime_error("Expected expression in for named arg");
+                    result.emplace_back(ident->get_name(), std::move(value));
+                } else {
+                    result.emplace_back(ident->get_name(), nullptr);
+                }
+            } else {
+                result.emplace_back(std::string(), std::move(expr));
+            }
+            if (consumeToken(",").empty()) {
+              if (consumeToken(")").empty()) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("Expected closing parenthesis in call args");
+              }
+              return result;
+            }
+        }
+        throw std::runtime_error("Expected closing parenthesis in call args");
+    }
+
+    ArgumentsExpression parseCallArgs() {
+        consumeSpaces();
+        if (consumeToken("(").empty()) throw std::runtime_error("Expected opening parenthesis in call args");
+
+        ArgumentsExpression result;
+
+        while (it != end) {
+            if (!consumeToken(")").empty()) {
+                return result;
+            }
+            auto expr = parseExpression();
+            if (!expr) throw std::runtime_error("Expected expression in call args");
+
+            if (auto ident = dynamic_cast<VariableExpr*>(expr.get())) {
+                if (!consumeToken("=").empty()) {
+                    auto value = parseExpression();
+                    if (!value) throw std::runtime_error("Expected expression in for named arg");
+                    result.kwargs.emplace_back(ident->get_name(), std::move(value));
+                } else {
+                    result.args.emplace_back(std::move(expr));
+                }
+            } else {
+                result.args.emplace_back(std::move(expr));
+            }
+            if (consumeToken(",").empty()) {
+              if (consumeToken(")").empty()) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("Expected closing parenthesis in call args");
+              }
+              return result;
+            }
+        }
+        throw std::runtime_error("Expected closing parenthesis in call args");
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<VariableExpr> parseIdentifier() {
+        static std::regex ident_regex(R"((?!(?:not|is|and|or|del)\b)[a-zA-Z_]\w*)");
+        auto location = get_location();
+        auto ident = consumeToken(ident_regex);
+        if (ident.empty())
+          return nullptr;
+        return std::make_shared<VariableExpr>(location, ident);
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> parseStringConcat() {
+        auto left = parseMathPow();
+        if (!left) throw std::runtime_error("Expected left side of 'string concat' expression");
+
+        static std::regex concat_tok(R"(~(?!\}))");
+        if (!consumeToken(concat_tok).empty()) {
+            auto right = parseLogicalAnd();
+            if (!right) throw std::runtime_error("Expected right side of 'string concat' expression");
+            left = std::make_shared<BinaryOpExpr>(get_location(), std::move(left), std::move(right), BinaryOpExpr::Op::StrConcat);
+        }
+        return left;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> parseMathPow() {
+        auto left = parseMathPlusMinus();
+        if (!left) throw std::runtime_error("Expected left side of 'math pow' expression");
+
+        while (!consumeToken("**").empty()) {
+            auto right = parseMathPlusMinus();
+            if (!right) throw std::runtime_error("Expected right side of 'math pow' expression");
+            left = std::make_shared<BinaryOpExpr>(get_location(), std::move(left), std::move(right), BinaryOpExpr::Op::MulMul);
+        }
+        return left;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> parseMathPlusMinus() {
+        static std::regex plus_minus_tok(R"(\+|-(?![}%#]\}))");
+
+        auto left = parseMathMulDiv();
+        if (!left) throw std::runtime_error("Expected left side of 'math plus/minus' expression");
+        std::string op_str;
+        while (!(op_str = consumeToken(plus_minus_tok)).empty()) {
+            auto right = parseMathMulDiv();
+            if (!right) throw std::runtime_error("Expected right side of 'math plus/minus' expression");
+            auto op = op_str == "+" ? BinaryOpExpr::Op::Add : BinaryOpExpr::Op::Sub;
+            left = std::make_shared<BinaryOpExpr>(get_location(), std::move(left), std::move(right), op);
+        }
+        return left;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> parseMathMulDiv() {
+        auto left = parseMathUnaryPlusMinus();
+        if (!left) throw std::runtime_error("Expected left side of 'math mul/div' expression");
+
+        static std::regex mul_div_tok(R"(\*\*?|//?|%(?!\}))");
+        std::string op_str;
+        while (!(op_str = consumeToken(mul_div_tok)).empty()) {
+            auto right = parseMathUnaryPlusMinus();
+            if (!right) throw std::runtime_error("Expected right side of 'math mul/div' expression");
+            auto op = op_str == "*" ? BinaryOpExpr::Op::Mul
+                : op_str == "**" ? BinaryOpExpr::Op::MulMul
+                : op_str == "/" ? BinaryOpExpr::Op::Div
+                : op_str == "//" ? BinaryOpExpr::Op::DivDiv
+                : BinaryOpExpr::Op::Mod;
+            left = std::make_shared<BinaryOpExpr>(get_location(), std::move(left), std::move(right), op);
+        }
+
+        if (!consumeToken("|").empty()) {
+            auto expr = parseMathMulDiv();
+            if (auto filter = dynamic_cast<FilterExpr*>(expr.get())) {
+                filter->prepend(std::move(left));
+                return expr;
+            } else {
+                std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Expression>> parts;
+                parts.emplace_back(std::move(left));
+                parts.emplace_back(std::move(expr));
+                return std::make_shared<FilterExpr>(get_location(), std::move(parts));
+            }
+        }
+        return left;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> call_func(const std::string & name, ArgumentsExpression && args) const {
+        return std::make_shared<CallExpr>(get_location(), std::make_shared<VariableExpr>(get_location(), name), std::move(args));
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> parseMathUnaryPlusMinus() {
+        static std::regex unary_plus_minus_tok(R"(\+|-(?![}%#]\}))");
+        auto op_str = consumeToken(unary_plus_minus_tok);
+        auto expr = parseExpansion();
+        if (!expr) throw std::runtime_error("Expected expr of 'unary plus/minus/expansion' expression");
+
+        if (!op_str.empty()) {
+            auto op = op_str == "+" ? UnaryOpExpr::Op::Plus : UnaryOpExpr::Op::Minus;
+            return std::make_shared<UnaryOpExpr>(get_location(), std::move(expr), op);
+        }
+        return expr;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> parseExpansion() {
+      static std::regex expansion_tok(R"(\*\*?)");
+      auto op_str = consumeToken(expansion_tok);
+      auto expr = parseValueExpression();
+      if (op_str.empty()) return expr;
+      if (!expr) throw std::runtime_error("Expected expr of 'expansion' expression");
+      return std::make_shared<UnaryOpExpr>(get_location(), std::move(expr), op_str == "*" ? UnaryOpExpr::Op::Expansion : UnaryOpExpr::Op::ExpansionDict);
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> parseValueExpression() {
+      auto parseValue = [&]() -> std::shared_ptr<Expression> {
+        auto location = get_location();
+        auto constant = parseConstant();
+        if (constant) return std::make_shared<LiteralExpr>(location, *constant);
+
+        static std::regex null_regex(R"(null\b)");
+        if (!consumeToken(null_regex).empty()) return std::make_shared<LiteralExpr>(location, Value());
+
+        auto identifier = parseIdentifier();
+        if (identifier) return identifier;
+
+        auto braced = parseBracedExpressionOrArray();
+        if (braced) return braced;
+
+        auto array = parseArray();
+        if (array) return array;
+
+        auto dictionary = parseDictionary();
+        if (dictionary) return dictionary;
+
+        throw std::runtime_error("Expected value expression");
+      };
+
+      auto value = parseValue();
+
+      while (it != end && consumeSpaces() && peekSymbols({ "[", "." })) {
+        if (!consumeToken("[").empty()) {
+            std::shared_ptr<Expression> index;
+            if (!consumeToken(":").empty()) {
+              auto slice_end = parseExpression();
+              index = std::make_shared<SliceExpr>(slice_end->location, nullptr, std::move(slice_end));
+            } else {
+              auto slice_start = parseExpression();
+              if (!consumeToken(":").empty()) {
+                consumeSpaces();
+                if (peekSymbols({ "]" })) {
+                  index = std::make_shared<SliceExpr>(slice_start->location, std::move(slice_start), nullptr);
+                } else {
+                  auto slice_end = parseExpression();
+                  index = std::make_shared<SliceExpr>(slice_start->location, std::move(slice_start), std::move(slice_end));
+                }
+              } else {
+                index = std::move(slice_start);
+              }
+            }
+            if (!index) throw std::runtime_error("Empty index in subscript");
+            if (consumeToken("]").empty()) throw std::runtime_error("Expected closing bracket in subscript");
+
+            value = std::make_shared<SubscriptExpr>(value->location, std::move(value), std::move(index));
+        } else if (!consumeToken(".").empty()) {
+            auto identifier = parseIdentifier();
+            if (!identifier) throw std::runtime_error("Expected identifier in subscript");
+
+            consumeSpaces();
+            if (peekSymbols({ "(" })) {
+              auto callParams = parseCallArgs();
+              value = std::make_shared<MethodCallExpr>(identifier->location, std::move(value), std::move(identifier), std::move(callParams));
+            } else {
+              auto key = std::make_shared<LiteralExpr>(identifier->location, Value(identifier->get_name()));
+              value = std::make_shared<SubscriptExpr>(identifier->location, std::move(value), std::move(key));
+            }
+        }
+        consumeSpaces();
+      }
+
+      if (peekSymbols({ "(" })) {
+        auto location = get_location();
+        auto callParams = parseCallArgs();
+        value = std::make_shared<CallExpr>(location, std::move(value), std::move(callParams));
+      }
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> parseBracedExpressionOrArray() {
+        if (consumeToken("(").empty()) return nullptr;
+
+        auto expr = parseExpression();
+        if (!expr) throw std::runtime_error("Expected expression in braced expression");
+
+        if (!consumeToken(")").empty()) {
+            return expr;  // Drop the parentheses
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Expression>> tuple;
+        tuple.emplace_back(std::move(expr));
+
+        while (it != end) {
+          if (consumeToken(",").empty()) throw std::runtime_error("Expected comma in tuple");
+          auto next = parseExpression();
+          if (!next) throw std::runtime_error("Expected expression in tuple");
+          tuple.push_back(std::move(next));
+
+          if (!consumeToken(")").empty()) {
+              return std::make_shared<ArrayExpr>(get_location(), std::move(tuple));
+          }
+        }
+        throw std::runtime_error("Expected closing parenthesis");
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> parseArray() {
+        if (consumeToken("[").empty()) return nullptr;
+
+        std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Expression>> elements;
+        if (!consumeToken("]").empty()) {
+            return std::make_shared<ArrayExpr>(get_location(), std::move(elements));
+        }
+        auto first_expr = parseExpression();
+        if (!first_expr) throw std::runtime_error("Expected first expression in array");
+        elements.push_back(std::move(first_expr));
+
+        while (it != end) {
+            if (!consumeToken(",").empty()) {
+              auto expr = parseExpression();
+              if (!expr) throw std::runtime_error("Expected expression in array");
+              elements.push_back(std::move(expr));
+            } else if (!consumeToken("]").empty()) {
+                return std::make_shared<ArrayExpr>(get_location(), std::move(elements));
+            } else {
+                throw std::runtime_error("Expected comma or closing bracket in array");
+            }
+        }
+        throw std::runtime_error("Expected closing bracket");
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Expression> parseDictionary() {
+        if (consumeToken("{").empty()) return nullptr;
+
+        std::vector<std::pair<std::shared_ptr<Expression>, std::shared_ptr<Expression>>> elements;
+        if (!consumeToken("}").empty()) {
+            return std::make_shared<DictExpr>(get_location(), std::move(elements));
+        }
+
+        auto parseKeyValuePair = [&]() {
+            auto key = parseExpression();
+            if (!key) throw std::runtime_error("Expected key in dictionary");
+            if (consumeToken(":").empty()) throw std::runtime_error("Expected colon betweek key & value in dictionary");
+            auto value = parseExpression();
+            if (!value) throw std::runtime_error("Expected value in dictionary");
+            elements.emplace_back(std::pair(std::move(key), std::move(value)));
+        };
+
+        parseKeyValuePair();
+
+        while (it != end) {
+            if (!consumeToken(",").empty()) {
+                parseKeyValuePair();
+            } else if (!consumeToken("}").empty()) {
+                return std::make_shared<DictExpr>(get_location(), std::move(elements));
+            } else {
+                throw std::runtime_error("Expected comma or closing brace in dictionary");
+            }
+        }
+        throw std::runtime_error("Expected closing brace");
+    }
+
+    SpaceHandling parsePreSpace(const std::string& s) const {
+        if (s == "-")
+          return SpaceHandling::Strip;
+        return SpaceHandling::Keep;
+    }
+
+    SpaceHandling parsePostSpace(const std::string& s) const {
+        if (s == "-") return SpaceHandling::Strip;
+        return SpaceHandling::Keep;
+    }
+
+    using TemplateTokenVector = std::vector<std::unique_ptr<TemplateToken>>;
+    using TemplateTokenIterator = TemplateTokenVector::const_iterator;
+
+    std::vector<std::string> parseVarNames() {
+      static std::regex varnames_regex(R"(((?:\w+)(?:[\r\n\s]*,[\r\n\s]*(?:\w+))*)[\r\n\s]*)");
+
+      std::vector<std::string> group;
+      if ((group = consumeTokenGroups(varnames_regex)).empty()) throw std::runtime_error("Expected variable names");
+      std::vector<std::string> varnames;
+      std::istringstream iss(group[1]);
+      std::string varname;
+      while (std::getline(iss, varname, ',')) {
+        varnames.push_back(strip(varname));
+      }
+      return varnames;
+    }
+
+    std::runtime_error unexpected(const TemplateToken & token) const {
+      return std::runtime_error("Unexpected " + TemplateToken::typeToString(token.type)
+        + error_location_suffix(*template_str, token.location.pos));
+    }
+    std::runtime_error unterminated(const TemplateToken & token) const {
+      return std::runtime_error("Unterminated " + TemplateToken::typeToString(token.type)
+        + error_location_suffix(*template_str, token.location.pos));
+    }
+
+    TemplateTokenVector tokenize() {
+      static std::regex comment_tok(R"(\{#([-~]?)(.*?)([-~]?)#\})");
+      static std::regex expr_open_regex(R"(\{\{([-~])?)");
+      static std::regex block_open_regex(R"(^\{%([-~])?[\s\n\r]*)");
+      static std::regex block_keyword_tok(R"((if|else|elif|endif|for|endfor|generation|endgeneration|set|endset|block|endblock|macro|endmacro|filter|endfilter)\b)");
+      static std::regex non_text_open_regex(R"(\{\{|\{%|\{#)");
+      static std::regex expr_close_regex(R"([\s\n\r]*([-~])?\}\})");
+      static std::regex block_close_regex(R"([\s\n\r]*([-~])?%\})");
+
+      TemplateTokenVector tokens;
+      std::vector<std::string> group;
+      std::string text;
+      std::smatch match;
+
+      try {
+        while (it != end) {
+          auto location = get_location();
+
+          if (!(group = consumeTokenGroups(comment_tok, SpaceHandling::Keep)).empty()) {
+            auto pre_space = parsePreSpace(group[1]);
+            auto content = group[2];
+            auto post_space = parsePostSpace(group[3]);
+            tokens.push_back(std::make_unique<CommentTemplateToken>(location, pre_space, post_space, content));
+          } else if (!(group = consumeTokenGroups(expr_open_regex, SpaceHandling::Keep)).empty()) {
+            auto pre_space = parsePreSpace(group[1]);
+            auto expr = parseExpression();
+
+            if ((group = consumeTokenGroups(expr_close_regex)).empty()) {
+              throw std::runtime_error("Expected closing expression tag");
+            }
+
+            auto post_space = parsePostSpace(group[1]);
+            tokens.push_back(std::make_unique<ExpressionTemplateToken>(location, pre_space, post_space, std::move(expr)));
+          } else if (!(group = consumeTokenGroups(block_open_regex, SpaceHandling::Keep)).empty()) {
+            auto pre_space = parsePreSpace(group[1]);
+
+            std::string keyword;
+
+            auto parseBlockClose = [&]() -> SpaceHandling {
+              if ((group = consumeTokenGroups(block_close_regex)).empty()) throw std::runtime_error("Expected closing block tag");
+              return parsePostSpace(group[1]);
+            };
+
+            if ((keyword = consumeToken(block_keyword_tok)).empty()) throw std::runtime_error("Expected block keyword");
+
+            if (keyword == "if") {
+              auto condition = parseExpression();
+              if (!condition) throw std::runtime_error("Expected condition in if block");
+
+              auto post_space = parseBlockClose();
+              tokens.push_back(std::make_unique<IfTemplateToken>(location, pre_space, post_space, std::move(condition)));
+            } else if (keyword == "elif") {
+              auto condition = parseExpression();
+              if (!condition) throw std::runtime_error("Expected condition in elif block");
+
+              auto post_space = parseBlockClose();
+              tokens.push_back(std::make_unique<ElifTemplateToken>(location, pre_space, post_space, std::move(condition)));
+            } else if (keyword == "else") {
+              auto post_space = parseBlockClose();
+              tokens.push_back(std::make_unique<ElseTemplateToken>(location, pre_space, post_space));
+            } else if (keyword == "endif") {
+              auto post_space = parseBlockClose();
+              tokens.push_back(std::make_unique<EndIfTemplateToken>(location, pre_space, post_space));
+            } else if (keyword == "for") {
+              static std::regex recursive_tok(R"(recursive\b)");
+              static std::regex if_tok(R"(if\b)");
+
+              auto varnames = parseVarNames();
+              static std::regex in_tok(R"(in\b)");
+              if (consumeToken(in_tok).empty()) throw std::runtime_error("Expected 'in' keyword in for block");
+              auto iterable = parseExpression(/* allow_if_expr = */ false);
+              if (!iterable) throw std::runtime_error("Expected iterable in for block");
+
+              std::shared_ptr<Expression> condition;
+              if (!consumeToken(if_tok).empty()) {
+                condition = parseExpression();
+              }
+              auto recursive = !consumeToken(recursive_tok).empty();
+
+              auto post_space = parseBlockClose();
+              tokens.push_back(std::make_unique<ForTemplateToken>(location, pre_space, post_space, std::move(varnames), std::move(iterable), std::move(condition), recursive));
+            } else if (keyword == "endfor") {
+              auto post_space = parseBlockClose();
+              tokens.push_back(std::make_unique<EndForTemplateToken>(location, pre_space, post_space));
+            } else if (keyword == "generation") {
+              auto post_space = parseBlockClose();
+              tokens.push_back(std::make_unique<GenerationTemplateToken>(location, pre_space, post_space));
+            } else if (keyword == "endgeneration") {
+              auto post_space = parseBlockClose();
+              tokens.push_back(std::make_unique<EndGenerationTemplateToken>(location, pre_space, post_space));
+            } else if (keyword == "set") {
+              static std::regex namespaced_var_regex(R"((\w+)[\s\n\r]*\.[\s\n\r]*(\w+))");
+
+              std::string ns;
+              std::vector<std::string> var_names;
+              std::shared_ptr<Expression> value;
+              if (!(group = consumeTokenGroups(namespaced_var_regex)).empty()) {
+                ns = group[1];
+                var_names.push_back(group[2]);
+
+                if (consumeToken("=").empty()) throw std::runtime_error("Expected equals sign in set block");
+
+                value = parseExpression();
+                if (!value) throw std::runtime_error("Expected value in set block");
+              } else {
+                var_names = parseVarNames();
+
+                if (!consumeToken("=").empty()) {
+                  value = parseExpression();
+                  if (!value) throw std::runtime_error("Expected value in set block");
+                }
+              }
+              auto post_space = parseBlockClose();
+              tokens.push_back(std::make_unique<SetTemplateToken>(location, pre_space, post_space, ns, var_names, std::move(value)));
+            } else if (keyword == "endset") {
+              auto post_space = parseBlockClose();
+              tokens.push_back(std::make_unique<EndSetTemplateToken>(location, pre_space, post_space));
+            } else if (keyword == "macro") {
+              auto macroname = parseIdentifier();
+              if (!macroname) throw std::runtime_error("Expected macro name in macro block");
+              auto params = parseParameters();
+
+              auto post_space = parseBlockClose();
+              tokens.push_back(std::make_unique<MacroTemplateToken>(location, pre_space, post_space, std::move(macroname), std::move(params)));
+            } else if (keyword == "endmacro") {
+              auto post_space = parseBlockClose();
+              tokens.push_back(std::make_unique<EndMacroTemplateToken>(location, pre_space, post_space));
+            } else if (keyword == "filter") {
+              auto filter = parseExpression();
+              if (!filter) throw std::runtime_error("Expected expression in filter block");
+
+              auto post_space = parseBlockClose();
+              tokens.push_back(std::make_unique<FilterTemplateToken>(location, pre_space, post_space, std::move(filter)));
+            } else if (keyword == "endfilter") {
+              auto post_space = parseBlockClose();
+              tokens.push_back(std::make_unique<EndFilterTemplateToken>(location, pre_space, post_space));
+            } else {
+              throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected block: " + keyword);
+            }
+          } else if (std::regex_search(it, end, match, non_text_open_regex)) {
+            auto text_end = it + match.position();
+            text = std::string(it, text_end);
+            it = text_end;
+            tokens.push_back(std::make_unique<TextTemplateToken>(location, SpaceHandling::Keep, SpaceHandling::Keep, text));
+          } else {
+            text = std::string(it, end);
+            it = end;
+            tokens.push_back(std::make_unique<TextTemplateToken>(location, SpaceHandling::Keep, SpaceHandling::Keep, text));
+          }
+        }
+        return tokens;
+      } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+        throw std::runtime_error(e.what() + error_location_suffix(*template_str, std::distance(start, it)));
+      }
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> parseTemplate(
+          const TemplateTokenIterator & begin,
+          TemplateTokenIterator & it,
+          const TemplateTokenIterator & end,
+          bool fully = false) const {
+        std::vector<std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode>> children;
+        while (it != end) {
+          const auto start = it;
+          const auto & token = *(it++);
+          if (auto if_token = dynamic_cast<IfTemplateToken*>(token.get())) {
+              std::vector<std::pair<std::shared_ptr<Expression>, std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode>>> cascade;
+              cascade.emplace_back(std::move(if_token->condition), parseTemplate(begin, it, end));
+
+              while (it != end && (*it)->type == TemplateToken::Type::Elif) {
+                  auto elif_token = dynamic_cast<ElifTemplateToken*>((*(it++)).get());
+                  cascade.emplace_back(std::move(elif_token->condition), parseTemplate(begin, it, end));
+              }
+
+              if (it != end && (*it)->type == TemplateToken::Type::Else) {
+                cascade.emplace_back(nullptr, parseTemplate(begin, ++it, end));
+              }
+              if (it == end || (*(it++))->type != TemplateToken::Type::EndIf) {
+                  throw unterminated(**start);
+              }
+              children.emplace_back(std::make_shared<IfNode>(token->location, std::move(cascade)));
+          } else if (auto for_token = dynamic_cast<ForTemplateToken*>(token.get())) {
+              auto body = parseTemplate(begin, it, end);
+              auto else_body = std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode>();
+              if (it != end && (*it)->type == TemplateToken::Type::Else) {
+                else_body = parseTemplate(begin, ++it, end);
+              }
+              if (it == end || (*(it++))->type != TemplateToken::Type::EndFor) {
+                  throw unterminated(**start);
+              }
+              children.emplace_back(std::make_shared<ForNode>(token->location, std::move(for_token->var_names), std::move(for_token->iterable), std::move(for_token->condition), std::move(body), for_token->recursive, std::move(else_body)));
+          } else if (dynamic_cast<GenerationTemplateToken*>(token.get())) {
+              auto body = parseTemplate(begin, it, end);
+              if (it == end || (*(it++))->type != TemplateToken::Type::EndGeneration) {
+                  throw unterminated(**start);
+              }
+              // Treat as a no-op, as our scope is templates for inference, not training (`{% generation %}` wraps generated tokens for masking).
+              children.emplace_back(std::move(body));
+          } else if (auto text_token = dynamic_cast<TextTemplateToken*>(token.get())) {
+              SpaceHandling pre_space = (it - 1) != begin ? (*(it - 2))->post_space : SpaceHandling::Keep;
+              SpaceHandling post_space = it != end ? (*it)->pre_space : SpaceHandling::Keep;
+
+              auto text = text_token->text;
+              if (post_space == SpaceHandling::Strip) {
+                static std::regex trailing_space_regex(R"((\s|\r|\n)+$)");
+                text = std::regex_replace(text, trailing_space_regex, "");
+              } else if (options.lstrip_blocks && it != end) {
+                auto i = text.size();
+                while (i > 0 && (text[i - 1] == ' ' || text[i - 1] == '\t')) i--;
+                if ((i == 0 && (it - 1) == begin) || (i > 0 && text[i - 1] == '\n')) {
+                  text.resize(i);
+                }
+              }
+              if (pre_space == SpaceHandling::Strip) {
+                static std::regex leading_space_regex(R"(^(\s|\r|\n)+)");
+                text = std::regex_replace(text, leading_space_regex, "");
+              } else if (options.trim_blocks && (it - 1) != begin && !dynamic_cast<ExpressionTemplateToken*>((*(it - 2)).get())) {
+                if (text.length() > 0 && text[0] == '\n') {
+                  text.erase(0, 1);
+                }
+              }
+              if (it == end && !options.keep_trailing_newline) {
+                auto i = text.size();
+                if (i > 0 && text[i - 1] == '\n') {
+                  i--;
+                  if (i > 0 && text[i - 1] == '\r') i--;
+                  text.resize(i);
+                }
+              }
+              children.emplace_back(std::make_shared<TextNode>(token->location, text));
+          } else if (auto expr_token = dynamic_cast<ExpressionTemplateToken*>(token.get())) {
+              children.emplace_back(std::make_shared<ExpressionNode>(token->location, std::move(expr_token->expr)));
+          } else if (auto set_token = dynamic_cast<SetTemplateToken*>(token.get())) {
+            if (set_token->value) {
+              children.emplace_back(std::make_shared<SetNode>(token->location, set_token->ns, set_token->var_names, std::move(set_token->value)));
+            } else {
+              auto value_template = parseTemplate(begin, it, end);
+              if (it == end || (*(it++))->type != TemplateToken::Type::EndSet) {
+                  throw unterminated(**start);
+              }
+              if (!set_token->ns.empty()) throw std::runtime_error("Namespaced set not supported in set with template value");
+              if (set_token->var_names.size() != 1) throw std::runtime_error("Structural assignment not supported in set with template value");
+              auto & name = set_token->var_names[0];
+              children.emplace_back(std::make_shared<SetTemplateNode>(token->location, name, std::move(value_template)));
+            }
+          } else if (auto macro_token = dynamic_cast<MacroTemplateToken*>(token.get())) {
+              auto body = parseTemplate(begin, it, end);
+              if (it == end || (*(it++))->type != TemplateToken::Type::EndMacro) {
+                  throw unterminated(**start);
+              }
+              children.emplace_back(std::make_shared<MacroNode>(token->location, std::move(macro_token->name), std::move(macro_token->params), std::move(body)));
+          } else if (auto filter_token = dynamic_cast<FilterTemplateToken*>(token.get())) {
+              auto body = parseTemplate(begin, it, end);
+              if (it == end || (*(it++))->type != TemplateToken::Type::EndFilter) {
+                  throw unterminated(**start);
+              }
+              children.emplace_back(std::make_shared<FilterNode>(token->location, std::move(filter_token->filter), std::move(body)));
+          } else if (dynamic_cast<CommentTemplateToken*>(token.get())) {
+              // Ignore comments
+          } else if (dynamic_cast<EndForTemplateToken*>(token.get())
+                  || dynamic_cast<EndSetTemplateToken*>(token.get())
+                  || dynamic_cast<EndMacroTemplateToken*>(token.get())
+                  || dynamic_cast<EndFilterTemplateToken*>(token.get())
+                  || dynamic_cast<EndIfTemplateToken*>(token.get())
+                  || dynamic_cast<ElseTemplateToken*>(token.get())
+                  || dynamic_cast<EndGenerationTemplateToken*>(token.get())
+                  || dynamic_cast<ElifTemplateToken*>(token.get())) {
+              it--;  // unconsume the token
+              break;  // exit the loop
+          } else {
+              throw unexpected(**(it-1));
+          }
+        }
+        if (fully && it != end) {
+            throw unexpected(**it);
+        }
+        if (children.empty()) {
+          return std::make_shared<TextNode>(Location { template_str, 0 }, std::string());
+        } else if (children.size() == 1) {
+          return std::move(children[0]);
+        } else {
+          return std::make_shared<SequenceNode>(children[0]->location(), std::move(children));
+        }
+    }
+
+public:
+
+    static std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> parse(const std::string& template_str, const Options & options) {
+        Parser parser(std::make_shared<std::string>(normalize_newlines(template_str)), options);
+        auto tokens = parser.tokenize();
+        TemplateTokenIterator begin = tokens.begin();
+        auto it = begin;
+        TemplateTokenIterator end = tokens.end();
+        return parser.parseTemplate(begin, it, end, /* full= */ true);
+    }
+};
+
+static Value simple_function(const std::string & fn_name, const std::vector<std::string> & params, const std::function<Value(const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args)> & fn) {
+  std::map<std::string, size_t> named_positions;
+  for (size_t i = 0, n = params.size(); i < n; i++) named_positions[params[i]] = i;
+
+  return Value::callable([=](const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context, ArgumentsValue & args) -> Value {
+    auto args_obj = Value::object();
+    std::vector<bool> provided_args(params.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0, n = args.args.size(); i < n; i++) {
+      auto & arg = args.args[i];
+      if (i < params.size()) {
+        args_obj.set(params[i], arg);
+        provided_args[i] = true;
+      } else {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Too many positional params for " + fn_name);
+      }
+    }
+    for (auto & [name, value] : args.kwargs) {
+      auto named_pos_it = named_positions.find(name);
+      if (named_pos_it == named_positions.end()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unknown argument " + name + " for function " + fn_name);
+      }
+      provided_args[named_pos_it->second] = true;
+      args_obj.set(name, value);
+    }
+    return fn(context, args_obj);
+  });
+}
+
+inline std::shared_ptr<Context> Context::builtins() {
+  auto globals = Value::object();
+
+  globals.set("raise_exception", simple_function("raise_exception", { "message" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) -> Value {
+    throw std::runtime_error(args.at("message").get<std::string>());
+  }));
+  globals.set("tojson", simple_function("tojson", { "value", "indent" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) {
+    return Value(args.at("value").dump(args.get<int64_t>("indent", -1), /* tojson= */ true));
+  }));
+  globals.set("items", simple_function("items", { "object" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) {
+    auto items = Value::array();
+    if (args.contains("object")) {
+      auto & obj = args.at("object");
+      if (obj.is_string()) {
+        auto json_obj = json::parse(obj.get<std::string>());
+        for (const auto & kv : json_obj.items()) {
+          items.push_back(Value::array({kv.key(), kv.value()}));
+        }
+      } else if (!obj.is_null()) {
+        for (auto & key : obj.keys()) {
+          items.push_back(Value::array({key, obj.at(key)}));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return items;
+  }));
+  globals.set("last", simple_function("last", { "items" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) {
+    auto items = args.at("items");
+    if (!items.is_array()) throw std::runtime_error("object is not a list");
+    if (items.size() == 0) return Value();
+    return items.at(items.size() - 1);
+  }));
+  globals.set("trim", simple_function("trim", { "text" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) {
+    auto & text = args.at("text");
+    return text.is_null() ? text : Value(strip(text.get<std::string>()));
+  }));
+  globals.set("lower", simple_function("lower", { "text" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) {
+    auto text = args.at("text");
+    if (text.is_null()) return text;
+    std::string res;
+    auto str = text.get<std::string>();
+    std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), std::back_inserter(res), ::tolower);
+    return Value(res);
+  }));
+  globals.set("default", Value::callable([=](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, ArgumentsValue & args) {
+    args.expectArgs("default", {2, 3}, {0, 1});
+    auto & value = args.args[0];
+    auto & default_value = args.args[1];
+    bool boolean = false;
+    if (args.args.size() == 3) {
+      boolean = args.args[2].get<bool>();
+    } else {
+      Value bv = args.get_named("boolean");
+      if (!bv.is_null()) {
+        boolean = bv.get<bool>();
+      }
+    }
+    return boolean ? (value.to_bool() ? value : default_value) : value.is_null() ? default_value : value;
+  }));
+  auto escape = simple_function("escape", { "text" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) {
+    return Value(html_escape(args.at("text").get<std::string>()));
+  });
+  globals.set("e", escape);
+  globals.set("escape", escape);
+  globals.set("joiner", simple_function("joiner", { "sep" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) {
+    auto sep = args.get<std::string>("sep", "");
+    auto first = std::make_shared<bool>(true);
+    return simple_function("", {}, [sep, first](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, const Value &) -> Value {
+      if (*first) {
+        *first = false;
+        return "";
+      }
+      return sep;
+    });
+    return Value(html_escape(args.at("text").get<std::string>()));
+  }));
+  globals.set("count", simple_function("count", { "items" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) {
+    return Value((int64_t) args.at("items").size());
+  }));
+  globals.set("dictsort", simple_function("dictsort", { "value" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) {
+    if (args.size() != 1) throw std::runtime_error("dictsort expects exactly 1 argument (TODO: fix implementation)");
+    auto & value = args.at("value");
+    auto keys = value.keys();
+    std::sort(keys.begin(), keys.end());
+    auto res = Value::array();
+    for (auto & key : keys) {
+      res.push_back(Value::array({key, value.at(key)}));
+    }
+    return res;
+  }));
+  globals.set("join", simple_function("join", { "items", "d" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) {
+    auto do_join = [](Value & items, const std::string & sep) {
+      std::ostringstream oss;
+      auto first = true;
+      for (size_t i = 0, n = items.size(); i < n; ++i) {
+        if (first) first = false;
+        else oss << sep;
+        oss << items.at(i).to_str();
+      }
+      return Value(oss.str());
+    };
+    auto sep = args.get<std::string>("d", "");
+    if (args.contains("items")) {
+        auto & items = args.at("items");
+        return do_join(items, sep);
+    } else {
+      return simple_function("", {"items"}, [sep, do_join](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) {
+        auto & items = args.at("items");
+        if (!items.to_bool() || !items.is_array()) throw std::runtime_error("join expects an array for items, got: " + items.dump());
+        return do_join(items, sep);
+      });
+    }
+  }));
+  globals.set("namespace", Value::callable([=](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, ArgumentsValue & args) {
+    auto ns = Value::object();
+    args.expectArgs("namespace", {0, 0}, {0, (std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max)()});
+    for (auto & [name, value] : args.kwargs) {
+      ns.set(name, value);
+    }
+    return ns;
+  }));
+  auto equalto = simple_function("equalto", { "expected", "actual" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) -> Value {
+      return args.at("actual") == args.at("expected");
+  });
+  globals.set("equalto", equalto);
+  globals.set("==", equalto);
+  globals.set("length", simple_function("length", { "items" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) -> Value {
+      auto & items = args.at("items");
+      return (int64_t) items.size();
+  }));
+  globals.set("safe", simple_function("safe", { "value" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) -> Value {
+      return args.at("value").to_str();
+  }));
+  globals.set("string", simple_function("string", { "value" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) -> Value {
+      return args.at("value").to_str();
+  }));
+  globals.set("int", simple_function("int", { "value" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) -> Value {
+      return args.at("value").to_int();
+  }));
+  globals.set("list", simple_function("list", { "items" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) -> Value {
+      auto & items = args.at("items");
+      if (!items.is_array()) throw std::runtime_error("object is not iterable");
+      return items;
+  }));
+  globals.set("unique", simple_function("unique", { "items" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) -> Value {
+      auto & items = args.at("items");
+      if (!items.is_array()) throw std::runtime_error("object is not iterable");
+      std::unordered_set<Value> seen;
+      auto result = Value::array();
+      for (size_t i = 0, n = items.size(); i < n; i++) {
+        auto pair = seen.insert(items.at(i));
+        if (pair.second) {
+          result.push_back(items.at(i));
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+  }));
+  auto make_filter = [](const Value & filter, Value & extra_args) -> Value {
+    return simple_function("", { "value" }, [=](const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context, Value & args) {
+      auto & value = args.at("value");
+      ArgumentsValue actual_args;
+      actual_args.args.emplace_back(value);
+      for (size_t i = 0, n = extra_args.size(); i < n; i++) {
+        actual_args.args.emplace_back(extra_args.at(i));
+      }
+      return filter.call(context, actual_args);
+    });
+  };
+  auto select_or_reject = [make_filter](bool is_select) {
+    return Value::callable([=](const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context, ArgumentsValue & args) {
+      args.expectArgs(is_select ? "select" : "reject", {2, (std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max)()}, {0, 0});
+      auto & items = args.args[0];
+      auto filter_fn = context->get(args.args[1]);
+      if (filter_fn.is_null()) throw std::runtime_error("Undefined filter: " + args.args[1].dump());
+
+      auto filter_args = Value::array();
+      for (size_t i = 2, n = args.args.size(); i < n; i++) {
+        filter_args.push_back(args.args[i]);
+      }
+      auto filter = make_filter(filter_fn, filter_args);
+
+      auto res = Value::array();
+      for (size_t i = 0, n = items.size(); i < n; i++) {
+        auto & item = items.at(i);
+        ArgumentsValue filter_args;
+        filter_args.args.emplace_back(item);
+        auto pred_res = filter.call(context, filter_args);
+        if (pred_res.to_bool() == (is_select ? true : false)) {
+          res.push_back(item);
+        }
+      }
+      return res;
+    });
+  };
+  globals.set("select", select_or_reject(/* is_select= */ true));
+  globals.set("reject", select_or_reject(/* is_select= */ false));
+  globals.set("map", Value::callable([=](const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context, ArgumentsValue & args) {
+    auto res = Value::array();
+    if (args.args.size() == 1 &&
+      ((args.has_named("attribute") && args.kwargs.size() == 1) || (args.has_named("default") && args.kwargs.size() == 2))) {
+      auto & items = args.args[0];
+      auto attr_name = args.get_named("attribute");
+      auto default_value = args.get_named("default");
+      for (size_t i = 0, n = items.size(); i < n; i++) {
+        auto & item = items.at(i);
+        auto attr = item.get(attr_name);
+        res.push_back(attr.is_null() ? default_value : attr);
+      }
+    } else if (args.kwargs.empty() && args.args.size() >= 2) {
+      auto fn = context->get(args.args[1]);
+      if (fn.is_null()) throw std::runtime_error("Undefined filter: " + args.args[1].dump());
+      ArgumentsValue filter_args { {Value()}, {} };
+      for (size_t i = 2, n = args.args.size(); i < n; i++) {
+        filter_args.args.emplace_back(args.args[i]);
+      }
+      for (size_t i = 0, n = args.args[0].size(); i < n; i++) {
+        auto & item = args.args[0].at(i);
+        filter_args.args[0] = item;
+        res.push_back(fn.call(context, filter_args));
+      }
+    } else {
+      throw std::runtime_error("Invalid or unsupported arguments for map");
+    }
+    return res;
+  }));
+  globals.set("indent", simple_function("indent", { "text", "indent", "first" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) {
+    auto text = args.at("text").get<std::string>();
+    auto first = args.get<bool>("first", false);
+    std::string out;
+    std::string indent(args.get<int64_t>("indent", 0), ' ');
+    std::istringstream iss(text);
+    std::string line;
+    auto is_first = true;
+    while (std::getline(iss, line, '\n')) {
+      auto needs_indent = !is_first || first;
+      if (is_first) is_first = false;
+      else out += "\n";
+      if (needs_indent) out += indent;
+      out += line;
+    }
+    if (!text.empty() && text.back() == '\n') out += "\n";
+    return out;
+  }));
+  auto select_or_reject_attr = [](bool is_select) {
+    return Value::callable([=](const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context, ArgumentsValue & args) {
+      args.expectArgs(is_select ? "selectattr" : "rejectattr", {2, (std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max)()}, {0, 0});
+      auto & items = args.args[0];
+      if (items.is_null())
+        return Value::array();
+      auto attr_name = args.args[1].get<std::string>();
+
+      bool has_test = false;
+      Value test_fn;
+      ArgumentsValue test_args {{Value()}, {}};
+      if (args.args.size() >= 3) {
+        has_test = true;
+        test_fn = context->get(args.args[2]);
+        if (test_fn.is_null()) throw std::runtime_error("Undefined test: " + args.args[2].dump());
+        for (size_t i = 3, n = args.args.size(); i < n; i++) {
+          test_args.args.emplace_back(args.args[i]);
+        }
+        test_args.kwargs = args.kwargs;
+      }
+
+      auto res = Value::array();
+      for (size_t i = 0, n = items.size(); i < n; i++) {
+        auto & item = items.at(i);
+        auto attr = item.get(attr_name);
+        if (has_test) {
+          test_args.args[0] = attr;
+          if (test_fn.call(context, test_args).to_bool() == (is_select ? true : false)) {
+            res.push_back(item);
+          }
+        } else {
+          res.push_back(attr);
+        }
+      }
+      return res;
+    });
+  };
+  globals.set("selectattr", select_or_reject_attr(/* is_select= */ true));
+  globals.set("rejectattr", select_or_reject_attr(/* is_select= */ false));
+  globals.set("range", Value::callable([=](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, ArgumentsValue & args) {
+    std::vector<int64_t> startEndStep(3);
+    std::vector<bool> param_set(3);
+    if (args.args.size() == 1) {
+      startEndStep[1] = args.args[0].get<int64_t>();
+      param_set[1] = true;
+    } else {
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < args.args.size(); i++) {
+        auto & arg = args.args[i];
+        auto v = arg.get<int64_t>();
+        startEndStep[i] = v;
+        param_set[i] = true;
+        }
+      }
+      for (auto & [name, value] : args.kwargs) {
+        size_t i;
+        if (name == "start") i = 0;
+        else if (name == "end") i = 1;
+        else if (name == "step") i = 2;
+        else throw std::runtime_error("Unknown argument " + name + " for function range");
+
+        if (param_set[i]) {
+          throw std::runtime_error("Duplicate argument " + name + " for function range");
+        }
+        startEndStep[i] = value.get<int64_t>();
+        param_set[i] = true;
+    }
+    if (!param_set[1]) {
+      throw std::runtime_error("Missing required argument 'end' for function range");
+    }
+    int64_t start = param_set[0] ? startEndStep[0] : 0;
+    int64_t end = startEndStep[1];
+    int64_t step = param_set[2] ? startEndStep[2] : 1;
+
+    auto res = Value::array();
+    if (step > 0) {
+      for (int64_t i = start; i < end; i += step) {
+        res.push_back(Value(i));
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (int64_t i = start; i > end; i += step) {
+        res.push_back(Value(i));
+      }
+    }
+    return res;
+  }));
+
+  return std::make_shared<Context>(std::move(globals));
+}
+
+inline std::shared_ptr<Context> Context::make(Value && values, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & parent) {
+  return std::make_shared<Context>(values.is_null() ? Value::object() : std::move(values), parent);
+}
+
+}  // namespace minja
diff --git a/common/sampling.cpp b/common/sampling.cpp
index 7241ac3212..bc7e49fdb2 100644
--- a/common/sampling.cpp
+++ b/common/sampling.cpp
@@ -151,9 +151,18 @@ struct common_sampler * common_sampler_init(const struct llama_model * model, co
 
     lparams.no_perf = params.no_perf;
 
+    std::vector<const char *> trigger_words;
+    trigger_words.reserve(params.grammar_trigger_words.size());
+    for (const auto & str : params.grammar_trigger_words) {
+        trigger_words.push_back(str.word.c_str());
+    }
     auto * result = new common_sampler {
         /* .params = */ params,
-        /* .grmr   = */ llama_sampler_init_grammar(vocab, params.grammar.c_str(), "root"),
+        /* .grmr   = */ params.grammar_lazy
+            ? llama_sampler_init_grammar_lazy(vocab, params.grammar.c_str(), "root",
+                                              trigger_words.data(), trigger_words.size(),
+                                              params.grammar_trigger_tokens.data(), params.grammar_trigger_tokens.size())
+            :      llama_sampler_init_grammar(vocab, params.grammar.c_str(), "root"),
         /* .chain  = */ llama_sampler_chain_init(lparams),
         /* .prev   = */ ring_buffer<llama_token>(std::max(32, params.n_prev)),
         /* .cur    = */ {},
diff --git a/convert_hf_to_gguf.py b/convert_hf_to_gguf.py
index 95f1120433..63b54a9cf6 100755
--- a/convert_hf_to_gguf.py
+++ b/convert_hf_to_gguf.py
@@ -696,6 +696,9 @@ class Model:
         if chkhsh == "877081d19cf6996e2c4ff0e1236341e9b7bde288f5311a56a937f0afbbb3aeb5":
             # ref: https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3
             res = "deepseek-v3"
+        if chkhsh == "b3f499bb4255f8ca19fccd664443283318f2fd2414d5e0b040fbdd0cc195d6c5":
+            # ref: https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B
+            res = "deepseek-r1-qwen"
 
         if res is None:
             logger.warning("\n")
diff --git a/convert_hf_to_gguf_update.py b/convert_hf_to_gguf_update.py
index 56edc64a72..cea34413f4 100755
--- a/convert_hf_to_gguf_update.py
+++ b/convert_hf_to_gguf_update.py
@@ -65,49 +65,50 @@ else:
 
 # TODO: add models here, base models preferred
 models = [
-    {"name": "llama-spm",      "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.SPM, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf", },
-    {"name": "llama-bpe",      "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B", },
-    {"name": "phi-3",          "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.SPM, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct", },
-    {"name": "deepseek-llm",   "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/deepseek-llm-7b-base", },
-    {"name": "deepseek-coder", "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/deepseek-coder-6.7b-base", },
-    {"name": "falcon",         "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-7b", },
-    {"name": "bert-bge",       "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.WPM, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5", },
-    {"name": "falcon3",        "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/Falcon3-7B-Base", },
-    {"name": "bert-bge-large", "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-large-zh-v1.5", },
-    {"name": "mpt",            "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/mosaicml/mpt-7b", },
-    {"name": "starcoder",      "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/bigcode/starcoder2-3b", },
-    {"name": "gpt-2",          "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/openai-community/gpt2", },
-    {"name": "stablelm2",      "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stablelm-2-zephyr-1_6b", },
-    {"name": "refact",         "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/smallcloudai/Refact-1_6-base", },
-    {"name": "command-r",      "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/CohereForAI/c4ai-command-r-v01", },
-    {"name": "qwen2",          "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen1.5-7B", },
-    {"name": "olmo",           "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/allenai/OLMo-1.7-7B-hf", },
-    {"name": "dbrx",           "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/databricks/dbrx-base", },
-    {"name": "jina-v1-en",     "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-reranker-v1-tiny-en", },
-    {"name": "jina-v2-en",     "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.WPM, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-en", }, # WPM!
-    {"name": "jina-v2-es",     "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-es", },
-    {"name": "jina-v2-de",     "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-de", },
-    {"name": "smaug-bpe",      "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/abacusai/Smaug-Llama-3-70B-Instruct", },
-    {"name": "poro-chat",      "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/LumiOpen/Poro-34B-chat", },
-    {"name": "jina-v2-code",   "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-code", },
-    {"name": "viking",         "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/LumiOpen/Viking-7B", }, # Also used for Viking 13B and 33B
-    {"name": "gemma",          "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.SPM, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/google/gemma-2b", },
-    {"name": "gemma-2",        "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.SPM, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/google/gemma-2-9b", },
-    {"name": "jais",           "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/core42/jais-13b", },
-    {"name": "t5",             "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.UGM, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/google-t5/t5-small", },
-    {"name": "codeshell",      "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/WisdomShell/CodeShell-7B", },
-    {"name": "tekken",         "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-Nemo-Base-2407", },
-    {"name": "smollm",         "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM-135M", },
-    {'name': "bloom",          "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/bigscience/bloom", },
-    {'name': "gpt3-finnish",   "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/TurkuNLP/gpt3-finnish-small", },
-    {"name": "exaone",         "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/LGAI-EXAONE/EXAONE-3.0-7.8B-Instruct", },
-    {"name": "phi-2",          "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/microsoft/phi-2", },
-    {"name": "chameleon",      "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/facebook/chameleon-7b", },
-    {"name": "minerva-7b",     "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/sapienzanlp/Minerva-7B-base-v1.0", },
-    {"name": "roberta-bpe",    "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/stsb-roberta-base"},
-    {"name": "gigachat",       "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/ai-sage/GigaChat-20B-A3B-instruct"},
-    {"name": "megrez",         "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/Infinigence/Megrez-3B-Instruct"},
-    {"name": "deepseek-v3",    "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3"},
+    {"name": "llama-spm",        "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.SPM, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf", },
+    {"name": "llama-bpe",        "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B", },
+    {"name": "phi-3",            "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.SPM, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct", },
+    {"name": "deepseek-llm",     "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/deepseek-llm-7b-base", },
+    {"name": "deepseek-coder",   "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/deepseek-coder-6.7b-base", },
+    {"name": "falcon",           "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/falcon-7b", },
+    {"name": "bert-bge",         "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.WPM, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5", },
+    {"name": "falcon3",          "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/tiiuae/Falcon3-7B-Base", },
+    {"name": "bert-bge-large",   "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-large-zh-v1.5", },
+    {"name": "mpt",              "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/mosaicml/mpt-7b", },
+    {"name": "starcoder",        "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/bigcode/starcoder2-3b", },
+    {"name": "gpt-2",            "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/openai-community/gpt2", },
+    {"name": "stablelm2",        "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/stabilityai/stablelm-2-zephyr-1_6b", },
+    {"name": "refact",           "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/smallcloudai/Refact-1_6-base", },
+    {"name": "command-r",        "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/CohereForAI/c4ai-command-r-v01", },
+    {"name": "qwen2",            "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen1.5-7B", },
+    {"name": "olmo",             "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/allenai/OLMo-1.7-7B-hf", },
+    {"name": "dbrx",             "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/databricks/dbrx-base", },
+    {"name": "jina-v1-en",       "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-reranker-v1-tiny-en", },
+    {"name": "jina-v2-en",       "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.WPM, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-en", }, # WPM!
+    {"name": "jina-v2-es",       "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-es", },
+    {"name": "jina-v2-de",       "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-de", },
+    {"name": "smaug-bpe",        "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/abacusai/Smaug-Llama-3-70B-Instruct", },
+    {"name": "poro-chat",        "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/LumiOpen/Poro-34B-chat", },
+    {"name": "jina-v2-code",     "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-code", },
+    {"name": "viking",           "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/LumiOpen/Viking-7B", }, # Also used for Viking 13B and 33B
+    {"name": "gemma",            "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.SPM, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/google/gemma-2b", },
+    {"name": "gemma-2",          "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.SPM, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/google/gemma-2-9b", },
+    {"name": "jais",             "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/core42/jais-13b", },
+    {"name": "t5",               "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.UGM, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/google-t5/t5-small", },
+    {"name": "codeshell",        "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/WisdomShell/CodeShell-7B", },
+    {"name": "tekken",           "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-Nemo-Base-2407", },
+    {"name": "smollm",           "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM-135M", },
+    {'name': "bloom",            "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/bigscience/bloom", },
+    {'name': "gpt3-finnish",     "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/TurkuNLP/gpt3-finnish-small", },
+    {"name": "exaone",           "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/LGAI-EXAONE/EXAONE-3.0-7.8B-Instruct", },
+    {"name": "phi-2",            "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/microsoft/phi-2", },
+    {"name": "chameleon",        "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/facebook/chameleon-7b", },
+    {"name": "minerva-7b",       "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/sapienzanlp/Minerva-7B-base-v1.0", },
+    {"name": "roberta-bpe",      "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/stsb-roberta-base"},
+    {"name": "gigachat",         "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/ai-sage/GigaChat-20B-A3B-instruct"},
+    {"name": "megrez",           "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/Infinigence/Megrez-3B-Instruct"},
+    {"name": "deepseek-v3",      "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3"},
+    {"name": "deepseek-r1-qwen", "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-1.5B"},
 ]
 
 
diff --git a/docs/backend/SYCL.md b/docs/backend/SYCL.md
index 8d8312e915..89ddbd669a 100644
--- a/docs/backend/SYCL.md
+++ b/docs/backend/SYCL.md
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ The docker build option is currently limited to *intel GPU* targets.
 ### Build image
 ```sh
 # Using FP16
-docker build -t llama-cpp-sycl --build-arg="GGML_SYCL_F16=ON" -f .devops/llama-cli-intel.Dockerfile .
+docker build -t llama-cpp-sycl --build-arg="GGML_SYCL_F16=ON" --target light -f .devops/intel.Dockerfile .
 ```
 
 *Notes*:
diff --git a/docs/build.md b/docs/build.md
index 3b0d2211d2..dd6495028b 100644
--- a/docs/build.md
+++ b/docs/build.md
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ You don't need to install Vulkan SDK. It will be installed inside the container.
 
 ```sh
 # Build the image
-docker build -t llama-cpp-vulkan -f .devops/llama-cli-vulkan.Dockerfile .
+docker build -t llama-cpp-vulkan --target light -f .devops/vulkan.Dockerfile .
 
 # Then, use it:
 docker run -it --rm -v "$(pwd):/app:Z" --device /dev/dri/renderD128:/dev/dri/renderD128 --device /dev/dri/card1:/dev/dri/card1 llama-cpp-vulkan -m "/app/models/YOUR_MODEL_FILE" -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:" -n 400 -e -ngl 33
diff --git a/docs/docker.md b/docs/docker.md
index 8d90e6ded5..dac9a9ec16 100644
--- a/docs/docker.md
+++ b/docs/docker.md
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ Assuming one has the [nvidia-container-toolkit](https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia
 ## Building Docker locally
 
 ```bash
-docker build -t local/llama.cpp:full-cuda -f .devops/full-cuda.Dockerfile .
-docker build -t local/llama.cpp:light-cuda -f .devops/llama-cli-cuda.Dockerfile .
-docker build -t local/llama.cpp:server-cuda -f .devops/llama-server-cuda.Dockerfile .
+docker build -t local/llama.cpp:full-cuda --target full -f .devops/cuda.Dockerfile .
+docker build -t local/llama.cpp:light-cuda --target light -f .devops/cuda.Dockerfile .
+docker build -t local/llama.cpp:server-cuda --target server -f .devops/cuda.Dockerfile .
 ```
 
 You may want to pass in some different `ARGS`, depending on the CUDA environment supported by your container host, as well as the GPU architecture.
@@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ Assuming one has the [mt-container-toolkit](https://developer.mthreads.com/musa/
 ## Building Docker locally
 
 ```bash
-docker build -t local/llama.cpp:full-musa -f .devops/full-musa.Dockerfile .
-docker build -t local/llama.cpp:light-musa -f .devops/llama-cli-musa.Dockerfile .
-docker build -t local/llama.cpp:server-musa -f .devops/llama-server-musa.Dockerfile .
+docker build -t local/llama.cpp:full-musa --target full -f .devops/musa.Dockerfile .
+docker build -t local/llama.cpp:light-musa --target light -f .devops/musa.Dockerfile .
+docker build -t local/llama.cpp:server-musa --target server -f .devops/musa.Dockerfile .
 ```
 
 You may want to pass in some different `ARGS`, depending on the MUSA environment supported by your container host, as well as the GPU architecture.
diff --git a/examples/export-lora/export-lora.cpp b/examples/export-lora/export-lora.cpp
index 99063b5d53..91238e4beb 100644
--- a/examples/export-lora/export-lora.cpp
+++ b/examples/export-lora/export-lora.cpp
@@ -345,8 +345,18 @@ struct lora_merge_ctx {
             gf = ggml_new_graph(ctx0);
             struct ggml_tensor * cur = inp_base;
             for (size_t i = 0; i < adapters.size(); ++i) {
-                struct ggml_tensor * a_T = ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, ggml_cast(ctx0, inp_a[i], GGML_TYPE_F32)));
-                struct ggml_tensor * delta = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, a_T, ggml_cast(ctx0, inp_b[i], GGML_TYPE_F32));
+                struct ggml_tensor * delta;
+                bool is_tok_embd = string_starts_with(name_base, "token_embd");
+                if (is_tok_embd) {
+                    printf("%s :     detected token embeddings tensor\n", __func__);
+                    delta = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
+                        ggml_cast(ctx0, inp_b[i], GGML_TYPE_F32),
+                        ggml_cast(ctx0, inp_a[i], GGML_TYPE_F32));
+                } else {
+                    delta = ggml_mul_mat(ctx0,
+                        ggml_cont(ctx0, ggml_transpose(ctx0, ggml_cast(ctx0, inp_a[i], GGML_TYPE_F32))),
+                        ggml_cast(ctx0, inp_b[i], GGML_TYPE_F32));
+                }
                 // scale
                 const float alpha = adapters[i]->alpha;
                 const float rank  = (float) inp_b[i]->ne[0];
diff --git a/examples/gbnf-validator/gbnf-validator.cpp b/examples/gbnf-validator/gbnf-validator.cpp
index 17a0e27c44..a610e6a0b1 100644
--- a/examples/gbnf-validator/gbnf-validator.cpp
+++ b/examples/gbnf-validator/gbnf-validator.cpp
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
         grammar_str = buffer.str();
     }
 
-    llama_grammar * grammar = llama_grammar_init_impl(nullptr, grammar_str.c_str(), "root");
+    llama_grammar * grammar = llama_grammar_init_impl(nullptr, grammar_str.c_str(), "root", false, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0);
     if (grammar == nullptr) {
         fprintf(stdout, "Failed to initialize llama_grammar\n");
         return 1;
diff --git a/examples/llava/README-minicpmo2.6.md b/examples/llava/README-minicpmo2.6.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8713a43d64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/llava/README-minicpmo2.6.md
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+## MiniCPM-o 2.6
+Currently, this readme only supports minicpm-omni's image capabilities, and we will update the full-mode support as soon as possible.
+
+### Prepare models and code
+
+Download [MiniCPM-o-2_6](https://huggingface.co/openbmb/MiniCPM-o-2_6) PyTorch model from huggingface to "MiniCPM-o-2_6" folder.
+
+Clone llama.cpp:
+```bash
+git clone git@github.com:OpenBMB/llama.cpp.git
+cd llama.cpp
+git checkout minicpm-omni
+```
+
+### Usage of MiniCPM-o 2.6
+
+Convert PyTorch model to gguf files (You can also download the converted [gguf](https://huggingface.co/openbmb/MiniCPM-o-2_6-gguf) by us)
+
+```bash
+python ./examples/llava/minicpmv-surgery.py -m ../MiniCPM-o-2_6
+python ./examples/llava/minicpmv-convert-image-encoder-to-gguf.py -m ../MiniCPM-o-2_6 --minicpmv-projector ../MiniCPM-o-2_6/minicpmv.projector --output-dir ../MiniCPM-o-2_6/ --image-mean 0.5 0.5 0.5 --image-std 0.5 0.5 0.5 --minicpmv_version 4
+python ./convert_hf_to_gguf.py ../MiniCPM-o-2_6/model
+
+# quantize int4 version
+./llama-quantize ../MiniCPM-o-2_6/model/ggml-model-f16.gguf ../MiniCPM-o-2_6/model/ggml-model-Q4_K_M.gguf Q4_K_M
+```
+
+Build llama.cpp using `CMake`:
+https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/blob/master/docs/build.md
+
+```bash
+cmake -B build
+cmake --build build --config Release
+```
+
+Inference on Linux or Mac
+```
+# run f16 version
+./llama-minicpmv-cli -m ../MiniCPM-o-2_6/model/ggml-model-f16.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-o-2_6/mmproj-model-f16.gguf -c 4096 --temp 0.7 --top-p 0.8 --top-k 100 --repeat-penalty 1.05 --image xx.jpg -p "What is in the image?"
+
+# run quantized int4 version
+./llama-minicpmv-cli -m ../MiniCPM-o-2_6/model/ggml-model-Q4_K_M.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-o-2_6/mmproj-model-f16.gguf -c 4096 --temp 0.7 --top-p 0.8 --top-k 100 --repeat-penalty 1.05 --image xx.jpg  -p "What is in the image?"
+
+# or run in interactive mode
+./llama-minicpmv-cli -m ../MiniCPM-o-2_6/model/ggml-model-Q4_K_M.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-o-2_6/mmproj-model-f16.gguf -c 4096 --temp 0.7 --top-p 0.8 --top-k 100 --repeat-penalty 1.05 --image xx.jpg -i
+```
diff --git a/examples/llava/clip.cpp b/examples/llava/clip.cpp
index 7a8a3156bf..24073c5a9b 100644
--- a/examples/llava/clip.cpp
+++ b/examples/llava/clip.cpp
@@ -718,6 +718,9 @@ static ggml_cgraph * clip_image_build_graph(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32
         else if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 3) {
             pos_embed = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, 3584, pos_w * pos_h, 1);
         }
+        else if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 4) {
+            pos_embed = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx0, GGML_TYPE_F32, 3584, pos_w * pos_h, 1);
+        }
         ggml_set_name(pos_embed, "pos_embed");
         ggml_set_input(pos_embed);
     }
@@ -1053,6 +1056,11 @@ static ggml_cgraph * clip_image_build_graph(clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_f32
                     n_head = hidden_size/d_head;
                     num_query = 64;
                 }
+                else if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 4) {
+                    hidden_size = 3584;
+                    n_head = hidden_size/d_head;
+                    num_query = 64;
+                }
 
                 struct ggml_tensor * Q = ggml_add(ctx0, ggml_mul_mat(ctx0, model.mm_model_attn_q_w, q), model.mm_model_attn_q_b);
                 Q = ggml_scale_inplace(ctx0, Q, 1.0f / sqrt((float)d_head));
@@ -2041,6 +2049,7 @@ static std::vector<std::vector<clip_image_u8 *>> uhd_slice_image(const clip_imag
                 images[images.size()-1].push_back(patch);
             }
         }
+        clip_image_u8_free(refine_image);
     }
     return images;
 }
@@ -2079,6 +2088,13 @@ bool clip_image_preprocess(struct clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_u8 * img, cli
                 clip_image_f32_free(res);
             }
         }
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < imgs.size(); ++i) {
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < imgs[i].size(); ++j) {
+                if (imgs[i][j] != nullptr) {
+                    clip_image_u8_free(imgs[i][j]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
         return true;
     }
     else if (ctx->has_qwen2vl_merger) {
@@ -2335,6 +2351,9 @@ int clip_n_patches_by_img(const struct clip_ctx * ctx, struct clip_image_f32 * i
         else if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 3) {
             n_patches = 64;
         }
+        else if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 4) {
+            n_patches = 64;
+        }
     } else if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MERGER) {
         int patch_size = params.patch_size * 2;
         int x_patch = img->nx / patch_size + (int)(img->nx % patch_size > 0);
@@ -2514,8 +2533,8 @@ bool clip_image_batch_encode(clip_ctx * ctx, const int n_threads, const clip_ima
             //    -> https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceM4/siglip-so400m-14-980-flash-attn2-navit/blob/d66538faeba44480d0bfaa42145eef26f9423199/modeling_siglip.py#L316
             struct ggml_tensor * positions = ggml_graph_get_tensor(gf, "positions");
             int* positions_data = (int*)malloc(ggml_nbytes(positions));
-            int bucket_coords_h[70];
-            int bucket_coords_w[70];
+            int bucket_coords_h[1024];
+            int bucket_coords_w[1024];
             for (int i = 0; i < pos_h; i++){
                 bucket_coords_h[i] = std::floor(70.0*i/pos_h);
             }
@@ -2543,6 +2562,9 @@ bool clip_image_batch_encode(clip_ctx * ctx, const int n_threads, const clip_ima
             else if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 3) {
                 embed_dim = 3584;
             }
+            else if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 4) {
+                embed_dim = 3584;
+            }
             auto pos_embed_t = get_2d_sincos_pos_embed(embed_dim, std::make_pair(pos_w, pos_h));
 
             float * pos_embed_data = (float *)malloc(ggml_nbytes(pos_embed));
@@ -2786,6 +2808,9 @@ int clip_n_mmproj_embd(const struct clip_ctx * ctx) {
         else if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 3) {
             return 3584;
         }
+        else if (ctx->minicpmv_version == 4) {
+            return 3584;
+        }
     }
     if (ctx->proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_MERGER) {
         return ctx->vision_model.mm_1_b->ne[0];
diff --git a/examples/llava/llava.cpp b/examples/llava/llava.cpp
index c598caf3dd..2cac7933d2 100644
--- a/examples/llava/llava.cpp
+++ b/examples/llava/llava.cpp
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ static bool clip_llava_handle_patches(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, std::vector<float *>
     return true;
 }
 
-static clip_image_f32 * only_v2_5_reshape_by_patch(clip_image_f32 * image, int patch_size) {
+static clip_image_f32 * reshape_by_patch(clip_image_f32 * image, int patch_size) {
     int width = image->nx;
     int height = image->ny;
     int num_patches = (height / patch_size) * (width / patch_size);
@@ -277,13 +277,7 @@ static bool encode_image_with_clip(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const cli
                 encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, &img_res_v.data[i], image_embd_v[i]);
             }
             else {
-                int has_minicpmv_projector = clip_is_minicpmv(ctx_clip);
-                if (has_minicpmv_projector == 2) {
-                    encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, only_v2_5_reshape_by_patch(&img_res_v.data[i], patch_size), image_embd_v[i]);
-                }
-                else if (has_minicpmv_projector == 3) {
-                    encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, &img_res_v.data[i], image_embd_v[i]);
-                }
+                encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, reshape_by_patch(&img_res_v.data[i], patch_size), image_embd_v[i]);
             }
 
             if (!encoded) {
@@ -313,6 +307,9 @@ static bool encode_image_with_clip(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const cli
         load_image_size->height = img->ny;
         clip_add_load_image_size(ctx_clip, load_image_size);
         LOG_INF("%s: load_image_size %d %d\n", __func__, load_image_size->width, load_image_size->height);
+        delete[] img_res_v.data;
+        img_res_v.size = 0;
+        img_res_v.data = nullptr;
     }
     else if (strcmp(mm_patch_merge_type, "spatial_unpad") != 0) {
         // flat / default llava-1.5 type embedding
diff --git a/examples/llava/minicpmv-cli.cpp b/examples/llava/minicpmv-cli.cpp
index 38c44e130e..53d902d616 100644
--- a/examples/llava/minicpmv-cli.cpp
+++ b/examples/llava/minicpmv-cli.cpp
@@ -140,6 +140,9 @@ static void process_image(struct llava_context * ctx_llava, struct llava_image_e
     else if (has_minicpmv_projector == 3) {
         system_prompt = "<|im_start|>user\n";
     }
+    else if (has_minicpmv_projector == 4) {
+        system_prompt = "<|im_start|>user\n";
+    }
     LOG_INF("%s: image token past: %d\n", __func__, n_past);
     eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, (system_prompt+"<image>").c_str(), params->n_batch, &n_past, false);
     process_eval_image_embed(ctx_llava, embeds, params->n_batch, &n_past, idx++);
@@ -227,6 +230,9 @@ static struct common_sampler * llama_init(struct llava_context * ctx_llava, comm
         else if (has_minicpmv_projector == 3) {
             user_prompt = "<|im_start|>user\n" + prompt;
         }
+        else if (has_minicpmv_projector == 4) {
+            user_prompt = "<|im_start|>user\n" + prompt;
+        }
     }
 
     eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, user_prompt.c_str(), params->n_batch, &n_past, false);
@@ -236,6 +242,9 @@ static struct common_sampler * llama_init(struct llava_context * ctx_llava, comm
     else if (has_minicpmv_projector == 3) {
         eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, "<|im_end|><|im_start|>assistant\n", params->n_batch, &n_past, false);
     }
+    else if (has_minicpmv_projector == 4) {
+        eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, "<|im_end|><|im_start|>assistant\n", params->n_batch, &n_past, false);
+    }
 
     // generate the response
 
@@ -308,7 +317,6 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
                     const auto * tmp = llama_loop(ctx_llava, smpl, n_past);
                     response += tmp;
                     if (strcmp(tmp, "</s>") == 0) break;
-                    if (strstr(tmp, "###")) break; // Yi-VL behavior
                     printf("%s", tmp);// mistral llava-1.6
                     if (strstr(response.c_str(), "<user>")) break; // minicpm-v
                     fflush(stdout);
diff --git a/examples/llava/minicpmv-convert-image-encoder-to-gguf.py b/examples/llava/minicpmv-convert-image-encoder-to-gguf.py
index ea773742a8..9b196757f0 100644
--- a/examples/llava/minicpmv-convert-image-encoder-to-gguf.py
+++ b/examples/llava/minicpmv-convert-image-encoder-to-gguf.py
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ default_image_mean = [0.48145466, 0.4578275, 0.40821073]
 default_image_std = [0.26862954, 0.26130258, 0.27577711]
 ap.add_argument('--image-mean', type=float, nargs='+', help='Mean of the images for normalization (overrides processor) ', default=None)
 ap.add_argument('--image-std', type=float, nargs='+', help='Standard deviation of the images for normalization (overrides processor)', default=None)
-ap.add_argument('--minicpmv_version', type=int, help='minicpmv_version: MiniCPM-V-2 use 1; MiniCPM-V-2.5 use 2; MiniCPM-V-2.6 use 3', default=2)
+ap.add_argument('--minicpmv_version', type=int, help='minicpmv_version: MiniCPM-V-2 use 1; MiniCPM-V-2.5 use 2; MiniCPM-V-2.6 use 3; MiniCPM-o-2.6 use 4', default=2)
 
 # with proper
 args = ap.parse_args()
@@ -545,12 +545,19 @@ if args.use_f32:
 
 minicpmv_version = args.minicpmv_version
 emb_dim = 4096
+block_count = 26
 if minicpmv_version == 1:
     emb_dim = 2304
+    block_count = 26
 elif minicpmv_version == 2:
     emb_dim = 4096
+    block_count = 27
 elif minicpmv_version == 3:
     emb_dim = 3584
+    block_count = 27
+elif minicpmv_version == 4:
+    emb_dim = 3584
+    block_count = 27
 
 default_vision_config = {
         "hidden_size": 1152,
@@ -567,6 +574,9 @@ model = Idefics2VisionTransformer(vision_config)
 if minicpmv_version == 3:
     vision_config = SiglipVisionConfig(**default_vision_config)
     model = SiglipVisionTransformer(vision_config)
+elif minicpmv_version == 4:
+    vision_config = SiglipVisionConfig(**default_vision_config)
+    model = SiglipVisionTransformer(vision_config)
 
 processor = None
 # if model.attn_pool is not None:
@@ -587,7 +597,7 @@ elif args.minicpmv_projector is not None:
     fname_middle = "mmproj-"
     has_text_encoder = False
     has_minicpmv_projector = True
-    minicpmv_version = 3
+    minicpmv_version = 4
 elif args.vision_only:
     fname_middle = "vision-"
     has_text_encoder = False
@@ -625,7 +635,6 @@ if has_vision_encoder:
     fout.add_uint32("clip.vision.projection_dim", 0)
     fout.add_uint32(add_key_str(KEY_ATTENTION_HEAD_COUNT, VISION), 16)
     fout.add_float32(add_key_str(KEY_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS, VISION), 1e-6)
-    block_count = 26
     fout.add_uint32(add_key_str(KEY_BLOCK_COUNT, VISION), block_count)
 
     if processor is not None:
diff --git a/examples/llava/minicpmv-surgery.py b/examples/llava/minicpmv-surgery.py
index 748ff5c578..ba82116582 100644
--- a/examples/llava/minicpmv-surgery.py
+++ b/examples/llava/minicpmv-surgery.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ ap.add_argument("-m", "--model", help="Path to MiniCPM-V model")
 args = ap.parse_args()
 
 # find the model part that includes the the multimodal projector weights
-model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(args.model, trust_remote_code=True, local_files_only=True)
+model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(args.model, trust_remote_code=True, local_files_only=True, torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16)
 checkpoint = model.state_dict()
 
 # get a list of mm tensor names
diff --git a/examples/main-cmake-pkg/CMakeLists.txt b/examples/main-cmake-pkg/CMakeLists.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 5563f4de0a..0000000000
--- a/examples/main-cmake-pkg/CMakeLists.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
-project("llama-cli-cmake-pkg" C CXX)
-set(TARGET llama-cli-cmake-pkg)
-
-find_package(Llama 0.0.1 REQUIRED)
-
-# Bake common functionality in with target. Because applications
-# using the relocatable Llama package should be outside of the
-# source tree, llama-cli-cmake-pkg pretends the dependencies are built-in.
-set(_common_path "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/../../common")
-add_library(common OBJECT)
-file(GLOB _common_files
-    "${_common_path}/*.h"
-    "${_common_path}/*.cpp"
-)
-target_sources(common PRIVATE ${_common_files})
-
-# If the common project was part of "llama-cli-cmake-pkg" the transient
-# defines would automatically be attached. Because the common func-
-# tionality is separate, but dependent upon the defines, it must be
-# explicitly extracted from the "llama" target.
-#
-get_target_property(_llama_transient_defines llama
-    INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS)
-
-target_compile_definitions(common PRIVATE "${_llama_transient_defines}")
-
-add_executable(${TARGET} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/../main/main.cpp)
-target_include_directories(${TARGET} PRIVATE ${_common_path})
-install(TARGETS ${TARGET} RUNTIME)
-target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE common llama ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
-target_compile_features(${TARGET} PRIVATE cxx_std_17)
diff --git a/examples/main-cmake-pkg/README.md b/examples/main-cmake-pkg/README.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 08d83dd086..0000000000
--- a/examples/main-cmake-pkg/README.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-# llama.cpp/example/main-cmake-pkg
-
-This program builds [llama-cli](../main) using a relocatable CMake package. It serves as an example of using the `find_package()` CMake command to conveniently include [llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp) in projects which live outside of the source tree.
-
-## Building
-
-Because this example is "outside of the source tree", it is important to first build/install llama.cpp using CMake. An example is provided here, but please see the [llama.cpp build instructions](../..) for more detailed build instructions.
-
-### Considerations
-
-When hardware acceleration libraries are used (e.g. CUDA, Metal, etc.), CMake must be able to locate the associated CMake package.
-
-### Build llama.cpp and install to C:\LlamaCPP directory
-
-```cmd
-git clone https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp
-cd llama.cpp
-cmake -B build -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64
-cmake --build build --config Release
-cmake --install build --prefix C:/LlamaCPP
-```
-
-### Build llama-cli-cmake-pkg
-
-
-```cmd
-cd ..\examples\main-cmake-pkg
-cmake -B build -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="C:/LlamaCPP/lib/cmake/Llama" -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64
-cmake --build build --config Release
-cmake --install build --prefix C:/MyLlamaApp
-```
diff --git a/examples/main/README.md b/examples/main/README.md
index 17d80a622a..46f92eb7ae 100644
--- a/examples/main/README.md
+++ b/examples/main/README.md
@@ -310,9 +310,9 @@ These options help improve the performance and memory usage of the LLaMA models.
 
 ### Batch Size
 
--   `-b N, --batch-size N`: Set the batch size for prompt processing (default: `2048`). This large batch size benefits users who have BLAS installed and enabled it during the build. If you don't have BLAS enabled ("BLAS=0"), you can use a smaller number, such as 8, to see the prompt progress as it's evaluated in some situations.
+- `-ub N`, `--ubatch-size N`: Physical batch size. This is the maximum number of tokens that may be processed at a time. Increasing this value may improve performance during prompt processing, at the expense of higher memory usage. Default: `512`.
 
-- `-ub N`, `--ubatch-size N`: physical maximum batch size. This is for pipeline parallelization. Default: `512`.
+- `-b N`, `--batch-size N`: Logical batch size. Increasing this value above the value of the physical batch size may improve prompt processing performance when using multiple GPUs with pipeline parallelism. Default: `2048`.
 
 ### Prompt Caching
 
diff --git a/examples/main/main.cpp b/examples/main/main.cpp
index 39666a0e8a..e654d3542c 100644
--- a/examples/main/main.cpp
+++ b/examples/main/main.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "log.h"
 #include "sampling.h"
 #include "llama.h"
+#include "chat-template.hpp"
 
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
@@ -84,14 +85,6 @@ static void sigint_handler(int signo) {
 }
 #endif
 
-static std::string chat_add_and_format(struct llama_model * model, std::vector<common_chat_msg> & chat_msgs, const std::string & role, const std::string & content) {
-    common_chat_msg new_msg{role, content};
-    auto formatted = common_chat_format_single(model, g_params->chat_template, chat_msgs, new_msg, role == "user");
-    chat_msgs.push_back({role, content});
-    LOG_DBG("formatted: '%s'\n", formatted.c_str());
-    return formatted;
-}
-
 int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     common_params params;
     g_params = &params;
@@ -165,6 +158,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     }
 
     const llama_vocab * vocab = llama_model_get_vocab(model);
+    auto chat_templates = common_chat_templates_from_model(model, params.chat_template);
 
     LOG_INF("%s: llama threadpool init, n_threads = %d\n", __func__, (int) params.cpuparams.n_threads);
 
@@ -207,7 +201,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     }
 
     // auto enable conversation mode if chat template is available
-    const bool has_chat_template = !common_get_builtin_chat_template(model).empty() || !params.chat_template.empty();
+    const bool has_chat_template = chat_templates.has_explicit_template && chat_templates.template_default;
     if (params.conversation_mode == COMMON_CONVERSATION_MODE_AUTO) {
         if (has_chat_template) {
             LOG_INF("%s: chat template is available, enabling conversation mode (disable it with -no-cnv)\n", __func__);
@@ -225,7 +219,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     // print chat template example in conversation mode
     if (params.conversation_mode) {
         if (params.enable_chat_template) {
-            LOG_INF("%s: chat template example:\n%s\n", __func__, common_chat_format_example(model, params.chat_template).c_str());
+            LOG_INF("%s: chat template example:\n%s\n", __func__, common_chat_format_example(*chat_templates.template_default, params.use_jinja).c_str());
         } else {
             LOG_INF("%s: in-suffix/prefix is specified, chat template will be disabled\n", __func__);
         }
@@ -260,7 +254,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         }
     }
 
-    const bool add_bos = llama_vocab_get_add_bos(vocab);
+    const bool add_bos = llama_vocab_get_add_bos(vocab) && !params.use_jinja;
     if (!llama_model_has_encoder(model)) {
         GGML_ASSERT(!llama_vocab_get_add_eos(vocab));
     }
@@ -269,10 +263,18 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 
     std::vector<llama_token> embd_inp;
 
+    auto chat_add_and_format = [&chat_msgs, &chat_templates](const std::string & role, const std::string & content) {
+        common_chat_msg new_msg{role, content, {}};
+        auto formatted = common_chat_format_single(*chat_templates.template_default, chat_msgs, new_msg, role == "user", g_params->use_jinja);
+        chat_msgs.push_back({role, content, {}});
+        LOG_DBG("formatted: '%s'\n", formatted.c_str());
+        return formatted;
+    };
+
     {
         auto prompt = (params.conversation_mode && params.enable_chat_template)
             // format the system prompt in conversation mode (fallback to default if empty)
-            ? chat_add_and_format(model, chat_msgs, "system", params.prompt.empty() ? DEFAULT_SYSTEM_MESSAGE : params.prompt)
+            ? chat_add_and_format("system", params.prompt.empty() ? DEFAULT_SYSTEM_MESSAGE : params.prompt)
             // otherwise use the prompt as is
             : params.prompt;
         if (params.interactive_first || !params.prompt.empty() || session_tokens.empty()) {
@@ -501,12 +503,14 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 
     std::vector<llama_token> embd;
 
-    // tokenized antiprompts
-    std::vector<std::vector<llama_token>> antiprompt_ids;
+    // single-token antiprompts
+    std::vector<llama_token> antiprompt_token;
 
-    antiprompt_ids.reserve(params.antiprompt.size());
     for (const std::string & antiprompt : params.antiprompt) {
-        antiprompt_ids.emplace_back(::common_tokenize(ctx, antiprompt, false, true));
+        auto ids = ::common_tokenize(ctx, antiprompt, false, true);
+        if (ids.size() == 1) {
+            antiprompt_token.push_back(ids[0]);
+        }
     }
 
     if (llama_model_has_encoder(model)) {
@@ -751,14 +755,11 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 
                 // check for reverse prompt using special tokens
                 llama_token last_token = common_sampler_last(smpl);
-                for (std::vector<llama_token> ids : antiprompt_ids) {
-                    if (ids.size() == 1 && last_token == ids[0]) {
-                        if (params.interactive) {
-                            is_interacting = true;
-                        }
-                        is_antiprompt = true;
-                        break;
+                if (std::find(antiprompt_token.begin(), antiprompt_token.end(), last_token) != antiprompt_token.end()) {
+                    if (params.interactive) {
+                        is_interacting = true;
                     }
+                    is_antiprompt = true;
                 }
 
                 if (is_antiprompt) {
@@ -779,7 +780,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
                     }
 
                     if (params.enable_chat_template) {
-                        chat_add_and_format(model, chat_msgs, "assistant", assistant_ss.str());
+                        chat_add_and_format("assistant", assistant_ss.str());
                     }
                     is_interacting = true;
                     LOG("\n");
@@ -844,7 +845,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 
                     bool format_chat = params.conversation_mode && params.enable_chat_template;
                     std::string user_inp = format_chat
-                        ? chat_add_and_format(model, chat_msgs, "user", std::move(buffer))
+                        ? chat_add_and_format("user", std::move(buffer))
                         : std::move(buffer);
                     // TODO: one inconvenient of current chat template implementation is that we can't distinguish between user input and special tokens (prefix/postfix)
                     const auto line_pfx = common_tokenize(ctx, params.input_prefix, false, true);
diff --git a/examples/run/CMakeLists.txt b/examples/run/CMakeLists.txt
index 0686d63057..cd6b0520e0 100644
--- a/examples/run/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/examples/run/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 set(TARGET llama-run)
-add_executable(${TARGET} run.cpp)
+add_executable(${TARGET} run.cpp linenoise.cpp/linenoise.cpp)
 install(TARGETS ${TARGET} RUNTIME)
 target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE common llama ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
 target_compile_features(${TARGET} PRIVATE cxx_std_17)
diff --git a/examples/run/README.md b/examples/run/README.md
index a068054412..89a5520798 100644
--- a/examples/run/README.md
+++ b/examples/run/README.md
@@ -3,11 +3,10 @@
 The purpose of this example is to demonstrate a minimal usage of llama.cpp for running models.
 
 ```bash
-llama-run granite-code
+llama-run granite3-moe
 ```
 
 ```bash
-llama-run -h
 Description:
   Runs a llm
 
@@ -17,7 +16,7 @@ Usage:
 Options:
   -c, --context-size <value>
       Context size (default: 2048)
-  -n, --ngl <value>
+  -n, -ngl, --ngl <value>
       Number of GPU layers (default: 0)
   --temp <value>
       Temperature (default: 0.8)
diff --git a/examples/run/linenoise.cpp/LICENSE b/examples/run/linenoise.cpp/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b006b3b24d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/run/linenoise.cpp/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Copyright (c) 2010-2014, Salvatore Sanfilippo <antirez at gmail dot com>
+Copyright (c) 2010-2013, Pieter Noordhuis <pcnoordhuis at gmail dot com>
+Copyright (c) 2025, Eric Curtin <ericcurtin17 at gmail dot com>
+
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
+ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/examples/run/linenoise.cpp/linenoise.cpp b/examples/run/linenoise.cpp/linenoise.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a68f12a1a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/run/linenoise.cpp/linenoise.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1350 @@
+#ifndef _WIN32
+/*
+ * You can find the latest source code at:
+ *
+ *   http://github.com/ericcurtin/linenoise.cpp
+ *
+ * Does a number of crazy assumptions that happen to be true in 99.9999% of
+ * the 2010 UNIX computers around.
+ *
+ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2010-2023, Salvatore Sanfilippo <antirez at gmail dot com>
+ * Copyright (c) 2010-2013, Pieter Noordhuis <pcnoordhuis at gmail dot com>
+ * Copyright (c) 2025, Eric Curtin <ericcurtin17 at gmail dot com>
+ *
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *  *  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ *  *  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * References:
+ * - http://invisible-island.net/xterm/ctlseqs/ctlseqs.html
+ * - http://www.3waylabs.com/nw/WWW/products/wizcon/vt220.html
+ *
+ * Todo list:
+ * - Filter bogus Ctrl+<char> combinations.
+ * - Win32 support
+ *
+ * Bloat:
+ * - History search like Ctrl+r in readline?
+ *
+ * List of escape sequences used by this program, we do everything just
+ * with three sequences. In order to be so cheap we may have some
+ * flickering effect with some slow terminal, but the lesser sequences
+ * the more compatible.
+ *
+ * EL (Erase Line)
+ *    Sequence: ESC [ n K
+ *    Effect: if n is 0 or missing, clear from cursor to end of line
+ *    Effect: if n is 1, clear from beginning of line to cursor
+ *    Effect: if n is 2, clear entire line
+ *
+ * CUF (CUrsor Forward)
+ *    Sequence: ESC [ n C
+ *    Effect: moves cursor forward n chars
+ *
+ * CUB (CUrsor Backward)
+ *    Sequence: ESC [ n D
+ *    Effect: moves cursor backward n chars
+ *
+ * The following is used to get the terminal width if getting
+ * the width with the TIOCGWINSZ ioctl fails
+ *
+ * DSR (Device Status Report)
+ *    Sequence: ESC [ 6 n
+ *    Effect: reports the current cusor position as ESC [ n ; m R
+ *            where n is the row and m is the column
+ *
+ * When multi line mode is enabled, we also use an additional escape
+ * sequence. However multi line editing is disabled by default.
+ *
+ * CUU (Cursor Up)
+ *    Sequence: ESC [ n A
+ *    Effect: moves cursor up of n chars.
+ *
+ * CUD (Cursor Down)
+ *    Sequence: ESC [ n B
+ *    Effect: moves cursor down of n chars.
+ *
+ * When linenoiseClearScreen() is called, two additional escape sequences
+ * are used in order to clear the screen and position the cursor at home
+ * position.
+ *
+ * CUP (Cursor position)
+ *    Sequence: ESC [ H
+ *    Effect: moves the cursor to upper left corner
+ *
+ * ED (Erase display)
+ *    Sequence: ESC [ 2 J
+ *    Effect: clear the whole screen
+ *
+ */
+
+#    include "linenoise.h"
+
+#    include <ctype.h>
+#    include <errno.h>
+#    include <stdio.h>
+#    include <string.h>
+#    include <sys/file.h>
+#    include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#    include <sys/stat.h>
+#    include <sys/types.h>
+#    include <termios.h>
+#    include <unistd.h>
+
+#    include <memory>
+#    include <string>
+#    include <vector>
+
+#    define LINENOISE_DEFAULT_HISTORY_MAX_LEN 100
+#    define LINENOISE_MAX_LINE                4096
+static std::vector<const char *>    unsupported_term   = { "dumb", "cons25", "emacs" };
+static linenoiseCompletionCallback *completionCallback = NULL;
+static linenoiseHintsCallback *hintsCallback = NULL;
+static linenoiseFreeHintsCallback *freeHintsCallback = NULL;
+static char *linenoiseNoTTY(void);
+static void refreshLineWithCompletion(struct linenoiseState *ls, linenoiseCompletions *lc, int flags);
+static void refreshLineWithFlags(struct linenoiseState *l, int flags);
+
+static struct termios orig_termios; /* In order to restore at exit.*/
+static int maskmode = 0; /* Show "***" instead of input. For passwords. */
+static int rawmode = 0; /* For atexit() function to check if restore is needed*/
+static int mlmode = 0;  /* Multi line mode. Default is single line. */
+static int atexit_registered = 0; /* Register atexit just 1 time. */
+static int history_max_len = LINENOISE_DEFAULT_HISTORY_MAX_LEN;
+static int history_len = 0;
+static char **history = NULL;
+
+enum KEY_ACTION{
+        KEY_NULL = 0,            /* NULL */
+        CTRL_A = 1,         /* Ctrl+a */
+        CTRL_B = 2,         /* Ctrl-b */
+        CTRL_C = 3,         /* Ctrl-c */
+        CTRL_D = 4,         /* Ctrl-d */
+        CTRL_E = 5,         /* Ctrl-e */
+        CTRL_F = 6,         /* Ctrl-f */
+        CTRL_H = 8,         /* Ctrl-h */
+        TAB = 9,            /* Tab */
+        CTRL_K = 11,        /* Ctrl+k */
+        CTRL_L = 12,        /* Ctrl+l */
+        ENTER = 13,         /* Enter */
+        CTRL_N = 14,        /* Ctrl-n */
+        CTRL_P = 16,        /* Ctrl-p */
+        CTRL_T = 20,        /* Ctrl-t */
+        CTRL_U = 21,        /* Ctrl+u */
+        CTRL_W = 23,        /* Ctrl+w */
+        ESC = 27,           /* Escape */
+        BACKSPACE =  127    /* Backspace */
+};
+
+static void linenoiseAtExit(void);
+int linenoiseHistoryAdd(const char *line);
+#define REFRESH_CLEAN (1<<0)    // Clean the old prompt from the screen
+#define REFRESH_WRITE (1<<1)    // Rewrite the prompt on the screen.
+#define REFRESH_ALL (REFRESH_CLEAN|REFRESH_WRITE) // Do both.
+static void refreshLine(struct linenoiseState *l);
+
+class File {
+  public:
+    FILE * file = nullptr;
+
+    FILE * open(const std::string & filename, const char * mode) {
+        file = fopen(filename.c_str(), mode);
+
+        return file;
+    }
+
+    int lock() {
+        if (file) {
+            fd = fileno(file);
+            if (flock(fd, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB) != 0) {
+                fd = -1;
+
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    ~File() {
+        if (fd >= 0) {
+            flock(fd, LOCK_UN);
+        }
+
+        if (file) {
+            fclose(file);
+        }
+    }
+
+  private:
+    int fd = -1;
+};
+
+__attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2)))
+/* Debugging function. */
+#if 0
+static void lndebug(const char *fmt, ...) {
+    static File file;
+    if (file.file == nullptr) {
+        file.open("/tmp/lndebug.txt", "a");
+    }
+
+    if (file.file != nullptr) {
+        va_list args;
+        va_start(args, fmt);
+        vfprintf(file.file, fmt, args);
+        va_end(args);
+        fflush(file.file);
+    }
+}
+#else
+static void lndebug(const char *, ...) {
+}
+#endif
+
+/* ======================= Low level terminal handling ====================== */
+
+/* Enable "mask mode". When it is enabled, instead of the input that
+ * the user is typing, the terminal will just display a corresponding
+ * number of asterisks, like "****". This is useful for passwords and other
+ * secrets that should not be displayed. */
+void linenoiseMaskModeEnable(void) {
+    maskmode = 1;
+}
+
+/* Disable mask mode. */
+void linenoiseMaskModeDisable(void) {
+    maskmode = 0;
+}
+
+/* Set if to use or not the multi line mode. */
+void linenoiseSetMultiLine(int ml) {
+    mlmode = ml;
+}
+
+/* Return true if the terminal name is in the list of terminals we know are
+ * not able to understand basic escape sequences. */
+static int isUnsupportedTerm(void) {
+    char *term = getenv("TERM");
+    if (term == NULL) return 0;
+    for (size_t j = 0; j < unsupported_term.size(); ++j) {
+        if (!strcasecmp(term, unsupported_term[j])) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Raw mode: 1960 magic shit. */
+static int enableRawMode(int fd) {
+    struct termios raw;
+
+    if (!isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) goto fatal;
+    if (!atexit_registered) {
+        atexit(linenoiseAtExit);
+        atexit_registered = 1;
+    }
+    if (tcgetattr(fd,&orig_termios) == -1) goto fatal;
+
+    raw = orig_termios;  /* modify the original mode */
+    /* input modes: no break, no CR to NL, no parity check, no strip char,
+     * no start/stop output control. */
+    raw.c_iflag &= ~(BRKINT | ICRNL | INPCK | ISTRIP | IXON);
+    /* output modes - disable post processing */
+    raw.c_oflag &= ~(OPOST);
+    /* control modes - set 8 bit chars */
+    raw.c_cflag |= (CS8);
+    /* local modes - choing off, canonical off, no extended functions,
+     * no signal chars (^Z,^C) */
+    raw.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO | ICANON | IEXTEN | ISIG);
+    /* control chars - set return condition: min number of bytes and timer.
+     * We want read to return every single byte, without timeout. */
+    raw.c_cc[VMIN] = 1; raw.c_cc[VTIME] = 0; /* 1 byte, no timer */
+
+    /* put terminal in raw mode after flushing */
+    if (tcsetattr(fd,TCSAFLUSH,&raw) < 0) goto fatal;
+    rawmode = 1;
+    return 0;
+
+fatal:
+    errno = ENOTTY;
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static void disableRawMode(int fd) {
+    /* Don't even check the return value as it's too late. */
+    if (rawmode && tcsetattr(fd,TCSAFLUSH,&orig_termios) != -1)
+        rawmode = 0;
+}
+
+/* Use the ESC [6n escape sequence to query the horizontal cursor position
+ * and return it. On error -1 is returned, on success the position of the
+ * cursor. */
+static int getCursorPosition(int ifd, int ofd) {
+    char buf[32];
+    int cols, rows;
+    unsigned int i = 0;
+
+    /* Report cursor location */
+    if (write(ofd, "\x1b[6n", 4) != 4) return -1;
+
+    /* Read the response: ESC [ rows ; cols R */
+    while (i < sizeof(buf)-1) {
+        if (read(ifd,buf+i,1) != 1) break;
+        if (buf[i] == 'R') break;
+        i++;
+    }
+    buf[i] = '\0';
+
+    /* Parse it. */
+    if (buf[0] != ESC || buf[1] != '[') return -1;
+    if (sscanf(buf+2,"%d;%d",&rows,&cols) != 2) return -1;
+    return cols;
+}
+
+/* Try to get the number of columns in the current terminal, or assume 80
+ * if it fails. */
+static int getColumns(int ifd, int ofd) {
+    struct winsize ws;
+
+    if (ioctl(1, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) == -1 || ws.ws_col == 0) {
+        /* ioctl() failed. Try to query the terminal itself. */
+        int start, cols;
+
+        /* Get the initial position so we can restore it later. */
+        start = getCursorPosition(ifd,ofd);
+        if (start == -1) goto failed;
+
+        /* Go to right margin and get position. */
+        if (write(ofd,"\x1b[999C",6) != 6) goto failed;
+        cols = getCursorPosition(ifd,ofd);
+        if (cols == -1) goto failed;
+
+        /* Restore position. */
+        if (cols > start) {
+            char seq[32];
+            snprintf(seq,32,"\x1b[%dD",cols-start);
+            if (write(ofd,seq,strlen(seq)) == -1) {
+                /* Can't recover... */
+            }
+        }
+        return cols;
+    } else {
+        return ws.ws_col;
+    }
+
+failed:
+    return 80;
+}
+
+/* Clear the screen. Used to handle ctrl+l */
+void linenoiseClearScreen(void) {
+    if (write(STDOUT_FILENO,"\x1b[H\x1b[2J",7) <= 0) {
+        /* nothing to do, just to avoid warning. */
+    }
+}
+
+/* Beep, used for completion when there is nothing to complete or when all
+ * the choices were already shown. */
+static void linenoiseBeep(void) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "\x7");
+    fflush(stderr);
+}
+
+/* Called by completeLine() and linenoiseShow() to render the current
+ * edited line with the proposed completion. If the current completion table
+ * is already available, it is passed as second argument, otherwise the
+ * function will use the callback to obtain it.
+ *
+ * Flags are the same as refreshLine*(), that is REFRESH_* macros. */
+static void refreshLineWithCompletion(struct linenoiseState *ls, linenoiseCompletions *lc, int flags) {
+    /* Obtain the table of completions if the caller didn't provide one. */
+    linenoiseCompletions ctable;
+    if (lc == NULL) {
+        completionCallback(ls->buf, &ctable);
+        lc = &ctable;
+    }
+
+    /* Show the edited line with completion if possible, or just refresh. */
+    if (ls->completion_idx < lc->len) {
+        struct linenoiseState saved = *ls;
+        ls->len = ls->pos = strlen(lc->cvec[ls->completion_idx]);
+        ls->buf = lc->cvec[ls->completion_idx];
+        refreshLineWithFlags(ls, flags);
+        ls->len = saved.len;
+        ls->pos = saved.pos;
+        ls->buf = saved.buf;
+    } else {
+        refreshLineWithFlags(ls, flags);
+    }
+
+    if (lc == &ctable) {
+        ctable.to_free = false;
+    }
+}
+
+/* This is an helper function for linenoiseEdit*() and is called when the
+ * user types the <tab> key in order to complete the string currently in the
+ * input.
+ *
+ * The state of the editing is encapsulated into the pointed linenoiseState
+ * structure as described in the structure definition.
+ *
+ * If the function returns non-zero, the caller should handle the
+ * returned value as a byte read from the standard input, and process
+ * it as usually: this basically means that the function may return a byte
+ * read from the termianl but not processed. Otherwise, if zero is returned,
+ * the input was consumed by the completeLine() function to navigate the
+ * possible completions, and the caller should read for the next characters
+ * from stdin. */
+static int completeLine(struct linenoiseState *ls, int keypressed) {
+    linenoiseCompletions lc;
+    int nwritten;
+    char c = keypressed;
+
+    completionCallback(ls->buf, &lc);
+    if (lc.len == 0) {
+        linenoiseBeep();
+        ls->in_completion = 0;
+    } else {
+        switch(c) {
+            case 9: /* tab */
+                if (ls->in_completion == 0) {
+                    ls->in_completion = 1;
+                    ls->completion_idx = 0;
+                } else {
+                    ls->completion_idx = (ls->completion_idx + 1) % (lc.len + 1);
+                    if (ls->completion_idx == lc.len) linenoiseBeep();
+                }
+                c = 0;
+                break;
+            case 27: /* escape */
+                /* Re-show original buffer */
+                if (ls->completion_idx < lc.len) refreshLine(ls);
+                ls->in_completion = 0;
+                c = 0;
+                break;
+            default:
+                /* Update buffer and return */
+                if (ls->completion_idx < lc.len) {
+                    nwritten = snprintf(ls->buf, ls->buflen, "%s", lc.cvec[ls->completion_idx]);
+                    ls->len = ls->pos = nwritten;
+                }
+                ls->in_completion = 0;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        /* Show completion or original buffer */
+        if (ls->in_completion && ls->completion_idx < lc.len) {
+            refreshLineWithCompletion(ls, &lc, REFRESH_ALL);
+        } else {
+            refreshLine(ls);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return c; /* Return last read character */
+}
+
+/* Register a callback function to be called for tab-completion. */
+void linenoiseSetCompletionCallback(linenoiseCompletionCallback *fn) {
+    completionCallback = fn;
+}
+
+/* Register a hits function to be called to show hits to the user at the
+ * right of the prompt. */
+void linenoiseSetHintsCallback(linenoiseHintsCallback *fn) {
+    hintsCallback = fn;
+}
+
+/* Register a function to free the hints returned by the hints callback
+ * registered with linenoiseSetHintsCallback(). */
+void linenoiseSetFreeHintsCallback(linenoiseFreeHintsCallback *fn) {
+    freeHintsCallback = fn;
+}
+
+/* This function is used by the callback function registered by the user
+ * in order to add completion options given the input string when the
+ * user typed <tab>. See the example.c source code for a very easy to
+ * understand example. */
+void linenoiseAddCompletion(linenoiseCompletions *lc, const char *str) {
+    const size_t len  = strlen(str);
+    auto         copy = std::make_unique<char[]>(len + 1);
+    if (!copy) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    memcpy(copy.get(), str, len + 1);
+    char ** cvec = static_cast<char **>(std::realloc(lc->cvec, sizeof(char *) * (lc->len + 1)));
+    if (cvec == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    lc->cvec = cvec;
+    lc->cvec[lc->len++] = copy.release();
+}
+
+/* Helper of refreshSingleLine() and refreshMultiLine() to show hints
+ * to the right of the prompt. */
+static void refreshShowHints(std::string & ab, struct linenoiseState * l, int plen) {
+    char seq[64];
+    if (hintsCallback && plen+l->len < l->cols) {
+        int color = -1, bold = 0;
+        const char *hint = hintsCallback(l->buf,&color,&bold);
+        if (hint) {
+            int hintlen = strlen(hint);
+            int hintmaxlen = l->cols-(plen+l->len);
+            if (hintlen > hintmaxlen) hintlen = hintmaxlen;
+            if (bold == 1 && color == -1) color = 37;
+            if (color != -1 || bold != 0)
+                snprintf(seq,64,"\033[%d;%d;49m",bold,color);
+            else
+                seq[0] = '\0';
+            ab.append(seq);
+            ab.append(hint, hintlen);
+            if (color != -1 || bold != 0)
+                ab.append("\033[0m");
+
+            /* Call the function to free the hint returned. */
+            if (freeHintsCallback) freeHintsCallback(hint);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* Single line low level line refresh.
+ *
+ * Rewrite the currently edited line accordingly to the buffer content,
+ * cursor position, and number of columns of the terminal.
+ *
+ * Flags is REFRESH_* macros. The function can just remove the old
+ * prompt, just write it, or both. */
+static void refreshSingleLine(struct linenoiseState *l, int flags) {
+    char seq[64];
+    size_t plen = strlen(l->prompt);
+    int fd = l->ofd;
+    char *buf = l->buf;
+    size_t len = l->len;
+    size_t pos = l->pos;
+    std::string ab;
+    while((plen+pos) >= l->cols) {
+        buf++;
+        len--;
+        pos--;
+    }
+    while (plen+len > l->cols) {
+        len--;
+    }
+
+    /* Cursor to left edge */
+    snprintf(seq,sizeof(seq),"\r");
+    ab.append(seq);
+
+    if (flags & REFRESH_WRITE) {
+        /* Write the prompt and the current buffer content */
+        ab.append(l->prompt);
+        if (maskmode == 1) {
+            while (len--) {
+                ab.append("*");
+            }
+        } else {
+            ab.append(buf, len);
+        }
+        /* Show hits if any. */
+        refreshShowHints(ab, l, plen);
+    }
+
+    /* Erase to right */
+    snprintf(seq,sizeof(seq),"\x1b[0K");
+    ab.append(seq);
+    if (flags & REFRESH_WRITE) {
+        /* Move cursor to original position. */
+        snprintf(seq,sizeof(seq),"\r\x1b[%dC", (int)(pos+plen));
+        ab.append(seq);
+    }
+
+    (void) !write(fd, ab.c_str(), ab.size()); /* Can't recover from write error. */
+}
+
+/* Multi line low level line refresh.
+ *
+ * Rewrite the currently edited line accordingly to the buffer content,
+ * cursor position, and number of columns of the terminal.
+ *
+ * Flags is REFRESH_* macros. The function can just remove the old
+ * prompt, just write it, or both. */
+static void refreshMultiLine(struct linenoiseState *l, int flags) {
+    char seq[64];
+    int plen = strlen(l->prompt);
+    int rows = (plen+l->len+l->cols-1)/l->cols; /* rows used by current buf. */
+    int rpos = (plen+l->oldpos+l->cols)/l->cols; /* cursor relative row. */
+    int rpos2; /* rpos after refresh. */
+    int col; /* colum position, zero-based. */
+    int old_rows = l->oldrows;
+    int fd = l->ofd, j;
+    std::string ab;
+    l->oldrows = rows;
+
+    /* First step: clear all the lines used before. To do so start by
+     * going to the last row. */
+    if (flags & REFRESH_CLEAN) {
+        if (old_rows-rpos > 0) {
+            lndebug("go down %d", old_rows-rpos);
+            snprintf(seq,64,"\x1b[%dB", old_rows-rpos);
+            ab.append(seq);
+        }
+
+        /* Now for every row clear it, go up. */
+        for (j = 0; j < old_rows-1; j++) {
+            lndebug("clear+up");
+            snprintf(seq,64,"\r\x1b[0K\x1b[1A");
+            ab.append(seq);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (flags & REFRESH_ALL) {
+        /* Clean the top line. */
+        lndebug("clear");
+        snprintf(seq,64,"\r\x1b[0K");
+        ab.append(seq);
+    }
+
+    if (flags & REFRESH_WRITE) {
+        /* Write the prompt and the current buffer content */
+        ab.append(l->prompt);
+        if (maskmode == 1) {
+            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < l->len; ++i) {
+                ab.append("*");
+            }
+        } else {
+            ab.append(l->buf, l->len);
+        }
+
+        /* Show hits if any. */
+        refreshShowHints(ab, l, plen);
+
+        /* If we are at the very end of the screen with our prompt, we need to
+         * emit a newline and move the prompt to the first column. */
+        if (l->pos &&
+            l->pos == l->len &&
+            (l->pos+plen) % l->cols == 0)
+        {
+            lndebug("<newline>");
+            ab.append("\n");
+            snprintf(seq,64,"\r");
+            ab.append(seq);
+            rows++;
+            if (rows > (int)l->oldrows) l->oldrows = rows;
+        }
+
+        /* Move cursor to right position. */
+        rpos2 = (plen+l->pos+l->cols)/l->cols; /* Current cursor relative row */
+        lndebug("rpos2 %d", rpos2);
+
+        /* Go up till we reach the expected positon. */
+        if (rows-rpos2 > 0) {
+            lndebug("go-up %d", rows-rpos2);
+            snprintf(seq,64,"\x1b[%dA", rows-rpos2);
+            ab.append(seq);
+        }
+
+        /* Set column. */
+        col = (plen+(int)l->pos) % (int)l->cols;
+        lndebug("set col %d", 1+col);
+        if (col)
+            snprintf(seq,64,"\r\x1b[%dC", col);
+        else
+            snprintf(seq,64,"\r");
+        ab.append(seq);
+    }
+
+    lndebug("\n");
+    l->oldpos = l->pos;
+    (void) !write(fd, ab.c_str(), ab.size()); /* Can't recover from write error. */
+}
+
+/* Calls the two low level functions refreshSingleLine() or
+ * refreshMultiLine() according to the selected mode. */
+static void refreshLineWithFlags(struct linenoiseState *l, int flags) {
+    if (mlmode)
+        refreshMultiLine(l,flags);
+    else
+        refreshSingleLine(l,flags);
+}
+
+/* Utility function to avoid specifying REFRESH_ALL all the times. */
+static void refreshLine(struct linenoiseState *l) {
+    refreshLineWithFlags(l,REFRESH_ALL);
+}
+
+/* Hide the current line, when using the multiplexing API. */
+void linenoiseHide(struct linenoiseState *l) {
+    if (mlmode)
+        refreshMultiLine(l,REFRESH_CLEAN);
+    else
+        refreshSingleLine(l,REFRESH_CLEAN);
+}
+
+/* Show the current line, when using the multiplexing API. */
+void linenoiseShow(struct linenoiseState *l) {
+    if (l->in_completion) {
+        refreshLineWithCompletion(l,NULL,REFRESH_WRITE);
+    } else {
+        refreshLineWithFlags(l,REFRESH_WRITE);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Insert the character 'c' at cursor current position.
+ *
+ * On error writing to the terminal -1 is returned, otherwise 0. */
+static int linenoiseEditInsert(struct linenoiseState * l, char c) {
+    if (l->len < l->buflen) {
+        if (l->len == l->pos) {
+            l->buf[l->pos] = c;
+            l->pos++;
+            l->len++;
+            l->buf[l->len] = '\0';
+            if ((!mlmode && l->plen+l->len < l->cols && !hintsCallback)) {
+                /* Avoid a full update of the line in the
+                 * trivial case. */
+                char d = (maskmode==1) ? '*' : c;
+                if (write(l->ofd,&d,1) == -1) return -1;
+            } else {
+                refreshLine(l);
+            }
+        } else {
+            memmove(l->buf+l->pos+1,l->buf+l->pos,l->len-l->pos);
+            l->buf[l->pos] = c;
+            l->len++;
+            l->pos++;
+            l->buf[l->len] = '\0';
+            refreshLine(l);
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Move cursor on the left. */
+static void linenoiseEditMoveLeft(struct linenoiseState * l) {
+    if (l->pos > 0) {
+        l->pos--;
+        refreshLine(l);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Move cursor on the right. */
+static void linenoiseEditMoveRight(struct linenoiseState * l) {
+    if (l->pos != l->len) {
+        l->pos++;
+        refreshLine(l);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Move cursor to the start of the line. */
+static void linenoiseEditMoveHome(struct linenoiseState * l) {
+    if (l->pos != 0) {
+        l->pos = 0;
+        refreshLine(l);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Move cursor to the end of the line. */
+static void linenoiseEditMoveEnd(struct linenoiseState * l) {
+    if (l->pos != l->len) {
+        l->pos = l->len;
+        refreshLine(l);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Substitute the currently edited line with the next or previous history
+ * entry as specified by 'dir'. */
+#define LINENOISE_HISTORY_NEXT 0
+#define LINENOISE_HISTORY_PREV 1
+
+static void linenoiseEditHistoryNext(struct linenoiseState * l, int dir) {
+    if (history_len > 1) {
+        /* Update the current history entry before to
+         * overwrite it with the next one. */
+        free(history[history_len - 1 - l->history_index]);
+        history[history_len - 1 - l->history_index] = strdup(l->buf);
+        /* Show the new entry */
+        l->history_index += (dir == LINENOISE_HISTORY_PREV) ? 1 : -1;
+        if (l->history_index < 0) {
+            l->history_index = 0;
+            return;
+        } else if (l->history_index >= history_len) {
+            l->history_index = history_len-1;
+            return;
+        }
+        strncpy(l->buf,history[history_len - 1 - l->history_index],l->buflen);
+        l->buf[l->buflen-1] = '\0';
+        l->len = l->pos = strlen(l->buf);
+        refreshLine(l);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Delete the character at the right of the cursor without altering the cursor
+ * position. Basically this is what happens with the "Delete" keyboard key. */
+static void linenoiseEditDelete(struct linenoiseState * l) {
+    if (l->len > 0 && l->pos < l->len) {
+        memmove(l->buf+l->pos,l->buf+l->pos+1,l->len-l->pos-1);
+        l->len--;
+        l->buf[l->len] = '\0';
+        refreshLine(l);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Backspace implementation. */
+static void linenoiseEditBackspace(struct linenoiseState * l) {
+    if (l->pos > 0 && l->len > 0) {
+        memmove(l->buf+l->pos-1,l->buf+l->pos,l->len-l->pos);
+        l->pos--;
+        l->len--;
+        l->buf[l->len] = '\0';
+        refreshLine(l);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Delete the previosu word, maintaining the cursor at the start of the
+ * current word. */
+static void linenoiseEditDeletePrevWord(struct linenoiseState * l) {
+    size_t old_pos = l->pos;
+    size_t diff;
+
+    while (l->pos > 0 && l->buf[l->pos-1] == ' ')
+        l->pos--;
+    while (l->pos > 0 && l->buf[l->pos-1] != ' ')
+        l->pos--;
+    diff = old_pos - l->pos;
+    memmove(l->buf+l->pos,l->buf+old_pos,l->len-old_pos+1);
+    l->len -= diff;
+    refreshLine(l);
+}
+
+/* This function is part of the multiplexed API of Linenoise, that is used
+ * in order to implement the blocking variant of the API but can also be
+ * called by the user directly in an event driven program. It will:
+ *
+ * 1. Initialize the linenoise state passed by the user.
+ * 2. Put the terminal in RAW mode.
+ * 3. Show the prompt.
+ * 4. Return control to the user, that will have to call linenoiseEditFeed()
+ *    each time there is some data arriving in the standard input.
+ *
+ * The user can also call linenoiseEditHide() and linenoiseEditShow() if it
+ * is required to show some input arriving asyncronously, without mixing
+ * it with the currently edited line.
+ *
+ * When linenoiseEditFeed() returns non-NULL, the user finished with the
+ * line editing session (pressed enter CTRL-D/C): in this case the caller
+ * needs to call linenoiseEditStop() to put back the terminal in normal
+ * mode. This will not destroy the buffer, as long as the linenoiseState
+ * is still valid in the context of the caller.
+ *
+ * The function returns 0 on success, or -1 if writing to standard output
+ * fails. If stdin_fd or stdout_fd are set to -1, the default is to use
+ * STDIN_FILENO and STDOUT_FILENO.
+ */
+int linenoiseEditStart(struct linenoiseState *l, int stdin_fd, int stdout_fd, char *buf, size_t buflen, const char *prompt) {
+    /* Populate the linenoise state that we pass to functions implementing
+     * specific editing functionalities. */
+    l->in_completion = 0;
+    l->ifd = stdin_fd != -1 ? stdin_fd : STDIN_FILENO;
+    l->ofd = stdout_fd != -1 ? stdout_fd : STDOUT_FILENO;
+    l->buf = buf;
+    l->buflen = buflen;
+    l->prompt = prompt;
+    l->plen = strlen(prompt);
+    l->oldpos = l->pos = 0;
+    l->len = 0;
+
+    /* Enter raw mode. */
+    if (enableRawMode(l->ifd) == -1) return -1;
+
+    l->cols = getColumns(stdin_fd, stdout_fd);
+    l->oldrows = 0;
+    l->history_index = 0;
+
+    /* Buffer starts empty. */
+    l->buf[0] = '\0';
+    l->buflen--; /* Make sure there is always space for the nulterm */
+
+    /* If stdin is not a tty, stop here with the initialization. We
+     * will actually just read a line from standard input in blocking
+     * mode later, in linenoiseEditFeed(). */
+    if (!isatty(l->ifd)) return 0;
+
+    /* The latest history entry is always our current buffer, that
+     * initially is just an empty string. */
+    linenoiseHistoryAdd("");
+
+    if (write(l->ofd,prompt,l->plen) == -1) return -1;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+const char* linenoiseEditMore = "If you see this, you are misusing the API: when linenoiseEditFeed() is called, if it returns linenoiseEditMore the user is yet editing the line. See the README file for more information.";
+
+/* This function is part of the multiplexed API of linenoise, see the top
+ * comment on linenoiseEditStart() for more information. Call this function
+ * each time there is some data to read from the standard input file
+ * descriptor. In the case of blocking operations, this function can just be
+ * called in a loop, and block.
+ *
+ * The function returns linenoiseEditMore to signal that line editing is still
+ * in progress, that is, the user didn't yet pressed enter / CTRL-D. Otherwise
+ * the function returns the pointer to the heap-allocated buffer with the
+ * edited line, that the user should free with linenoiseFree().
+ *
+ * On special conditions, NULL is returned and errno is populated:
+ *
+ * EAGAIN if the user pressed Ctrl-C
+ * ENOENT if the user pressed Ctrl-D
+ *
+ * Some other errno: I/O error.
+ */
+const char *linenoiseEditFeed(struct linenoiseState *l) {
+    /* Not a TTY, pass control to line reading without character
+     * count limits. */
+    if (!isatty(l->ifd)) return linenoiseNoTTY();
+
+    char c;
+    int nread;
+    char seq[3];
+
+    nread = read(l->ifd,&c,1);
+    if (nread <= 0) return NULL;
+
+    /* Only autocomplete when the callback is set. It returns < 0 when
+     * there was an error reading from fd. Otherwise it will return the
+     * character that should be handled next. */
+    if ((l->in_completion || c == 9) && completionCallback != NULL) {
+        c = completeLine(l,c);
+        /* Read next character when 0 */
+        if (c == 0) return linenoiseEditMore;
+    }
+
+    switch(c) {
+    case ENTER:    /* enter */
+        history_len--;
+        free(history[history_len]);
+        if (mlmode) linenoiseEditMoveEnd(l);
+        if (hintsCallback) {
+            /* Force a refresh without hints to leave the previous
+             * line as the user typed it after a newline. */
+            linenoiseHintsCallback *hc = hintsCallback;
+            hintsCallback = NULL;
+            refreshLine(l);
+            hintsCallback = hc;
+        }
+        return strdup(l->buf);
+    case CTRL_C:     /* ctrl-c */
+        errno = EAGAIN;
+        return NULL;
+    case BACKSPACE:   /* backspace */
+    case 8:     /* ctrl-h */
+        linenoiseEditBackspace(l);
+        break;
+    case CTRL_D:     /* ctrl-d, remove char at right of cursor, or if the
+                        line is empty, act as end-of-file. */
+        if (l->len > 0) {
+            linenoiseEditDelete(l);
+        } else {
+            history_len--;
+            free(history[history_len]);
+            errno = ENOENT;
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        break;
+    case CTRL_T:    /* ctrl-t, swaps current character with previous. */
+        if (l->pos > 0 && l->pos < l->len) {
+            int aux = l->buf[l->pos-1];
+            l->buf[l->pos-1] = l->buf[l->pos];
+            l->buf[l->pos] = aux;
+            if (l->pos != l->len-1) l->pos++;
+            refreshLine(l);
+        }
+        break;
+    case CTRL_B:     /* ctrl-b */
+        linenoiseEditMoveLeft(l);
+        break;
+    case CTRL_F:     /* ctrl-f */
+        linenoiseEditMoveRight(l);
+        break;
+    case CTRL_P:    /* ctrl-p */
+        linenoiseEditHistoryNext(l, LINENOISE_HISTORY_PREV);
+        break;
+    case CTRL_N:    /* ctrl-n */
+        linenoiseEditHistoryNext(l, LINENOISE_HISTORY_NEXT);
+        break;
+    case ESC:    /* escape sequence */
+        /* Read the next two bytes representing the escape sequence.
+         * Use two calls to handle slow terminals returning the two
+         * chars at different times. */
+        if (read(l->ifd,seq,1) == -1) break;
+        if (read(l->ifd,seq+1,1) == -1) break;
+
+        /* ESC [ sequences. */
+        if (seq[0] == '[') {
+            if (seq[1] >= '0' && seq[1] <= '9') {
+                /* Extended escape, read additional byte. */
+                if (read(l->ifd,seq+2,1) == -1) break;
+                if (seq[2] == '~') {
+                    switch(seq[1]) {
+                    case '3': /* Delete key. */
+                        linenoiseEditDelete(l);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                switch(seq[1]) {
+                case 'A': /* Up */
+                    linenoiseEditHistoryNext(l, LINENOISE_HISTORY_PREV);
+                    break;
+                case 'B': /* Down */
+                    linenoiseEditHistoryNext(l, LINENOISE_HISTORY_NEXT);
+                    break;
+                case 'C': /* Right */
+                    linenoiseEditMoveRight(l);
+                    break;
+                case 'D': /* Left */
+                    linenoiseEditMoveLeft(l);
+                    break;
+                case 'H': /* Home */
+                    linenoiseEditMoveHome(l);
+                    break;
+                case 'F': /* End*/
+                    linenoiseEditMoveEnd(l);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* ESC O sequences. */
+        else if (seq[0] == 'O') {
+            switch(seq[1]) {
+            case 'H': /* Home */
+                linenoiseEditMoveHome(l);
+                break;
+            case 'F': /* End*/
+                linenoiseEditMoveEnd(l);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    default:
+        if (linenoiseEditInsert(l,c)) return NULL;
+        break;
+    case CTRL_U: /* Ctrl+u, delete the whole line. */
+        l->buf[0] = '\0';
+        l->pos = l->len = 0;
+        refreshLine(l);
+        break;
+    case CTRL_K: /* Ctrl+k, delete from current to end of line. */
+        l->buf[l->pos] = '\0';
+        l->len = l->pos;
+        refreshLine(l);
+        break;
+    case CTRL_A: /* Ctrl+a, go to the start of the line */
+        linenoiseEditMoveHome(l);
+        break;
+    case CTRL_E: /* ctrl+e, go to the end of the line */
+        linenoiseEditMoveEnd(l);
+        break;
+    case CTRL_L: /* ctrl+l, clear screen */
+        linenoiseClearScreen();
+        refreshLine(l);
+        break;
+    case CTRL_W: /* ctrl+w, delete previous word */
+        linenoiseEditDeletePrevWord(l);
+        break;
+    }
+    return linenoiseEditMore;
+}
+
+/* This is part of the multiplexed linenoise API. See linenoiseEditStart()
+ * for more information. This function is called when linenoiseEditFeed()
+ * returns something different than NULL. At this point the user input
+ * is in the buffer, and we can restore the terminal in normal mode. */
+void linenoiseEditStop(struct linenoiseState *l) {
+    if (!isatty(l->ifd)) return;
+    disableRawMode(l->ifd);
+    printf("\n");
+}
+
+/* This just implements a blocking loop for the multiplexed API.
+ * In many applications that are not event-drivern, we can just call
+ * the blocking linenoise API, wait for the user to complete the editing
+ * and return the buffer. */
+static const char *linenoiseBlockingEdit(int stdin_fd, int stdout_fd, char *buf, size_t buflen, const char *prompt)
+{
+    struct linenoiseState l;
+
+    /* Editing without a buffer is invalid. */
+    if (buflen == 0) {
+        errno = EINVAL;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    linenoiseEditStart(&l,stdin_fd,stdout_fd,buf,buflen,prompt);
+    const char *res;
+    while((res = linenoiseEditFeed(&l)) == linenoiseEditMore);
+    linenoiseEditStop(&l);
+    return res;
+}
+
+/* This special mode is used by linenoise in order to print scan codes
+ * on screen for debugging / development purposes. It is implemented
+ * by the linenoise_example program using the --keycodes option. */
+void linenoisePrintKeyCodes(void) {
+    char quit[4];
+
+    printf("Linenoise key codes debugging mode.\n"
+            "Press keys to see scan codes. Type 'quit' at any time to exit.\n");
+    if (enableRawMode(STDIN_FILENO) == -1) return;
+    memset(quit,' ',4);
+    while(1) {
+        char c;
+        int nread;
+
+        nread = read(STDIN_FILENO,&c,1);
+        if (nread <= 0) continue;
+        memmove(quit,quit+1,sizeof(quit)-1); /* shift string to left. */
+        quit[sizeof(quit)-1] = c; /* Insert current char on the right. */
+        if (memcmp(quit,"quit",sizeof(quit)) == 0) break;
+
+        printf("'%c' %02x (%d) (type quit to exit)\n",
+            isprint(c) ? c : '?', (int)c, (int)c);
+        printf("\r"); /* Go left edge manually, we are in raw mode. */
+        fflush(stdout);
+    }
+    disableRawMode(STDIN_FILENO);
+}
+
+/* This function is called when linenoise() is called with the standard
+ * input file descriptor not attached to a TTY. So for example when the
+ * program using linenoise is called in pipe or with a file redirected
+ * to its standard input. In this case, we want to be able to return the
+ * line regardless of its length (by default we are limited to 4k). */
+static char *linenoiseNoTTY(void) {
+    char *line = NULL;
+    size_t len = 0, maxlen = 0;
+
+    while(1) {
+        if (len == maxlen) {
+            if (maxlen == 0) maxlen = 16;
+            maxlen *= 2;
+            char *oldval = line;
+            line = (char*) realloc(line,maxlen);
+            if (line == NULL) {
+                if (oldval) free(oldval);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+        int c = fgetc(stdin);
+        if (c == EOF || c == '\n') {
+            if (c == EOF && len == 0) {
+                free(line);
+                return NULL;
+            } else {
+                line[len] = '\0';
+                return line;
+            }
+        } else {
+            line[len] = c;
+            len++;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* The high level function that is the main API of the linenoise library.
+ * This function checks if the terminal has basic capabilities, just checking
+ * for a blacklist of stupid terminals, and later either calls the line
+ * editing function or uses dummy fgets() so that you will be able to type
+ * something even in the most desperate of the conditions. */
+const char *linenoise(const char *prompt) {
+    char buf[LINENOISE_MAX_LINE];
+
+    if (!isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) {
+        /* Not a tty: read from file / pipe. In this mode we don't want any
+         * limit to the line size, so we call a function to handle that. */
+        return linenoiseNoTTY();
+    } else if (isUnsupportedTerm()) {
+        size_t len;
+
+        printf("%s",prompt);
+        fflush(stdout);
+        if (fgets(buf,LINENOISE_MAX_LINE,stdin) == NULL) return NULL;
+        len = strlen(buf);
+        while(len && (buf[len-1] == '\n' || buf[len-1] == '\r')) {
+            len--;
+            buf[len] = '\0';
+        }
+        return strdup(buf);
+    } else {
+        const char *retval = linenoiseBlockingEdit(STDIN_FILENO,STDOUT_FILENO,buf,LINENOISE_MAX_LINE,prompt);
+        return retval;
+    }
+}
+
+/* This is just a wrapper the user may want to call in order to make sure
+ * the linenoise returned buffer is freed with the same allocator it was
+ * created with. Useful when the main program is using an alternative
+ * allocator. */
+void linenoiseFree(void *ptr) {
+    if (ptr == linenoiseEditMore) return; // Protect from API misuse.
+    free(ptr);
+}
+
+/* ================================ History ================================= */
+
+/* Free the history, but does not reset it. Only used when we have to
+ * exit() to avoid memory leaks are reported by valgrind & co. */
+static void freeHistory(void) {
+    if (history) {
+        int j;
+
+        for (j = 0; j < history_len; j++)
+            free(history[j]);
+        free(history);
+    }
+}
+
+/* At exit we'll try to fix the terminal to the initial conditions. */
+static void linenoiseAtExit(void) {
+    disableRawMode(STDIN_FILENO);
+    freeHistory();
+}
+
+/* This is the API call to add a new entry in the linenoise history.
+ * It uses a fixed array of char pointers that are shifted (memmoved)
+ * when the history max length is reached in order to remove the older
+ * entry and make room for the new one, so it is not exactly suitable for huge
+ * histories, but will work well for a few hundred of entries.
+ *
+ * Using a circular buffer is smarter, but a bit more complex to handle. */
+int linenoiseHistoryAdd(const char *line) {
+    char *linecopy;
+
+    if (history_max_len == 0) return 0;
+
+    /* Initialization on first call. */
+    if (history == NULL) {
+        history = (char**) malloc(sizeof(char*)*history_max_len);
+        if (history == NULL) return 0;
+        memset(history,0,(sizeof(char*)*history_max_len));
+    }
+
+    /* Don't add duplicated lines. */
+    if (history_len && !strcmp(history[history_len-1], line)) return 0;
+
+    /* Add an heap allocated copy of the line in the history.
+     * If we reached the max length, remove the older line. */
+    linecopy = strdup(line);
+    if (!linecopy) return 0;
+    if (history_len == history_max_len) {
+        free(history[0]);
+        memmove(history,history+1,sizeof(char*)*(history_max_len-1));
+        history_len--;
+    }
+    history[history_len] = linecopy;
+    history_len++;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/* Set the maximum length for the history. This function can be called even
+ * if there is already some history, the function will make sure to retain
+ * just the latest 'len' elements if the new history length value is smaller
+ * than the amount of items already inside the history. */
+int linenoiseHistorySetMaxLen(int len) {
+    char **new_ptr;
+
+    if (len < 1) return 0;
+    if (history) {
+        int tocopy = history_len;
+
+        new_ptr = (char**) malloc(sizeof(char*)*len);
+        if (new_ptr == NULL) return 0;
+
+        /* If we can't copy everything, free the elements we'll not use. */
+        if (len < tocopy) {
+            int j;
+
+            for (j = 0; j < tocopy-len; j++) free(history[j]);
+            tocopy = len;
+        }
+        memset(new_ptr,0,sizeof(char*)*len);
+        memcpy(new_ptr,history+(history_len-tocopy), sizeof(char*)*tocopy);
+        free(history);
+        history = new_ptr;
+    }
+    history_max_len = len;
+    if (history_len > history_max_len)
+        history_len = history_max_len;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/* Save the history in the specified file. On success 0 is returned
+ * otherwise -1 is returned. */
+int linenoiseHistorySave(const char *filename) {
+    mode_t old_umask = umask(S_IXUSR|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO);
+    File   file;
+    file.open(filename, "w");
+    umask(old_umask);
+    if (file.file == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    chmod(filename,S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
+    for (int j = 0; j < history_len; ++j) {
+        fprintf(file.file, "%s\n", history[j]);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Load the history from the specified file. If the file does not exist
+ * zero is returned and no operation is performed.
+ *
+ * If the file exists and the operation succeeded 0 is returned, otherwise
+ * on error -1 is returned. */
+int linenoiseHistoryLoad(const char *filename) {
+    File file;
+    file.open(filename, "r");
+    char buf[LINENOISE_MAX_LINE];
+    if (file.file == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    while (fgets(buf, LINENOISE_MAX_LINE, file.file) != NULL) {
+        char *p;
+
+        p = strchr(buf,'\r');
+        if (!p) p = strchr(buf,'\n');
+        if (p) *p = '\0';
+        linenoiseHistoryAdd(buf);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/examples/run/linenoise.cpp/linenoise.h b/examples/run/linenoise.cpp/linenoise.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a14ec6c740
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/run/linenoise.cpp/linenoise.h
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/* linenoise.h -- VERSION 1.0
+ *
+ * Guerrilla line editing library against the idea that a line editing lib
+ * needs to be 20,000 lines of C++ code.
+ *
+ * See linenoise.cpp for more information.
+ *
+ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2010-2023, Salvatore Sanfilippo <antirez at gmail dot com>
+ * Copyright (c) 2010-2013, Pieter Noordhuis <pcnoordhuis at gmail dot com>
+ * Copyright (c) 2025, Eric Curtin <ericcurtin17 at gmail dot com>
+ *
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *  *  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ *  *  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef __LINENOISE_H
+#define __LINENOISE_H
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#include <stddef.h> /* For size_t. */
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+extern const char *linenoiseEditMore;
+
+/* The linenoiseState structure represents the state during line editing.
+ * We pass this state to functions implementing specific editing
+ * functionalities. */
+struct linenoiseState {
+    int in_completion;  /* The user pressed TAB and we are now in completion
+                         * mode, so input is handled by completeLine(). */
+    size_t completion_idx; /* Index of next completion to propose. */
+    int ifd;            /* Terminal stdin file descriptor. */
+    int ofd;            /* Terminal stdout file descriptor. */
+    char *buf;          /* Edited line buffer. */
+    size_t buflen;      /* Edited line buffer size. */
+    const char *prompt; /* Prompt to display. */
+    size_t plen;        /* Prompt length. */
+    size_t pos;         /* Current cursor position. */
+    size_t oldpos;      /* Previous refresh cursor position. */
+    size_t len;         /* Current edited line length. */
+    size_t cols;        /* Number of columns in terminal. */
+    size_t oldrows;     /* Rows used by last refrehsed line (multiline mode) */
+    int history_index;  /* The history index we are currently editing. */
+};
+
+struct linenoiseCompletions {
+    size_t  len     = 0;
+    char ** cvec    = nullptr;
+    bool    to_free = true;
+
+    ~linenoiseCompletions() {
+        if (!to_free) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            free(cvec[i]);
+        }
+
+        free(cvec);
+    }
+};
+
+/* Non blocking API. */
+int linenoiseEditStart(struct linenoiseState *l, int stdin_fd, int stdout_fd, char *buf, size_t buflen, const char *prompt);
+const char *linenoiseEditFeed(struct linenoiseState *l);
+void linenoiseEditStop(struct linenoiseState *l);
+void linenoiseHide(struct linenoiseState *l);
+void linenoiseShow(struct linenoiseState *l);
+
+/* Blocking API. */
+const char *linenoise(const char *prompt);
+void linenoiseFree(void *ptr);
+
+/* Completion API. */
+typedef void(linenoiseCompletionCallback)(const char *, linenoiseCompletions *);
+typedef const char*(linenoiseHintsCallback)(const char *, int *color, int *bold);
+typedef void(linenoiseFreeHintsCallback)(const char *);
+void linenoiseSetCompletionCallback(linenoiseCompletionCallback *);
+void linenoiseSetHintsCallback(linenoiseHintsCallback *);
+void linenoiseSetFreeHintsCallback(linenoiseFreeHintsCallback *);
+void linenoiseAddCompletion(linenoiseCompletions *, const char *);
+
+/* History API. */
+int linenoiseHistoryAdd(const char *line);
+int linenoiseHistorySetMaxLen(int len);
+int linenoiseHistorySave(const char *filename);
+int linenoiseHistoryLoad(const char *filename);
+
+/* Other utilities. */
+void linenoiseClearScreen(void);
+void linenoiseSetMultiLine(int ml);
+void linenoisePrintKeyCodes(void);
+void linenoiseMaskModeEnable(void);
+void linenoiseMaskModeDisable(void);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* __LINENOISE_H */
diff --git a/examples/run/run.cpp b/examples/run/run.cpp
index 0ad8bb15b2..9cecae48c2 100644
--- a/examples/run/run.cpp
+++ b/examples/run/run.cpp
@@ -19,13 +19,16 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <iostream>
+#include <list>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "common.h"
 #include "json.hpp"
+#include "linenoise.cpp/linenoise.h"
 #include "llama-cpp.h"
+#include "chat-template.hpp"
 
 #if defined(__unix__) || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)) || defined(_WIN32)
 [[noreturn]] static void sigint_handler(int) {
@@ -103,6 +106,7 @@ class Opt {
     llama_model_params   model_params;
     std::string model_;
     std::string          user;
+    bool                 use_jinja   = false;
     int                  context_size = -1, ngl = -1;
     float                temperature = -1;
     bool                 verbose     = false;
@@ -143,7 +147,8 @@ class Opt {
                 if (handle_option_with_value(argc, argv, i, context_size) == 1) {
                     return 1;
                 }
-            } else if (options_parsing && (strcmp(argv[i], "-n") == 0 || strcmp(argv[i], "--ngl") == 0)) {
+            } else if (options_parsing &&
+                       (strcmp(argv[i], "-n") == 0 || strcmp(argv[i], "-ngl") == 0 || strcmp(argv[i], "--ngl") == 0)) {
                 if (handle_option_with_value(argc, argv, i, ngl) == 1) {
                     return 1;
                 }
@@ -154,6 +159,8 @@ class Opt {
             } else if (options_parsing &&
                        (parse_flag(argv, i, "-v", "--verbose") || parse_flag(argv, i, "-v", "--log-verbose"))) {
                 verbose = true;
+            } else if (options_parsing && strcmp(argv[i], "--jinja") == 0) {
+                use_jinja = true;
             } else if (options_parsing && parse_flag(argv, i, "-h", "--help")) {
                 help = true;
                 return 0;
@@ -174,6 +181,10 @@ class Opt {
             }
         }
 
+        if (model_.empty()){
+            return 1;
+        }
+
         return 0;
     }
 
@@ -188,7 +199,7 @@ class Opt {
             "Options:\n"
             "  -c, --context-size <value>\n"
             "      Context size (default: %d)\n"
-            "  -n, --ngl <value>\n"
+            "  -n, -ngl, --ngl <value>\n"
             "      Number of GPU layers (default: %d)\n"
             "  --temp <value>\n"
             "      Temperature (default: %.1f)\n"
@@ -312,6 +323,10 @@ class HttpClient {
   public:
     int init(const std::string & url, const std::vector<std::string> & headers, const std::string & output_file,
              const bool progress, std::string * response_str = nullptr) {
+        if (std::filesystem::exists(output_file)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
         std::string output_file_partial;
         curl = curl_easy_init();
         if (!curl) {
@@ -339,7 +354,11 @@ class HttpClient {
         data.file_size = set_resume_point(output_file_partial);
         set_progress_options(progress, data);
         set_headers(headers);
-        perform(url);
+        CURLcode res = perform(url);
+        if (res != CURLE_OK){
+            printe("Fetching resource '%s' failed: %s\n", url.c_str(), curl_easy_strerror(res));
+            return 1;
+        }
         if (!output_file.empty()) {
             std::filesystem::rename(output_file_partial, output_file);
         }
@@ -404,16 +423,12 @@ class HttpClient {
         }
     }
 
-    void perform(const std::string & url) {
-        CURLcode res;
+    CURLcode perform(const std::string & url) {
         curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, url.c_str());
         curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1L);
         curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_DEFAULT_PROTOCOL, "https");
         curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1L);
-        res = curl_easy_perform(curl);
-        if (res != CURLE_OK) {
-            printe("curl_easy_perform() failed: %s\n", curl_easy_strerror(res));
-        }
+        return curl_easy_perform(curl);
     }
 
     static std::string human_readable_time(double seconds) {
@@ -536,7 +551,7 @@ class LlamaData {
     llama_sampler_ptr               sampler;
     llama_context_ptr               context;
     std::vector<llama_chat_message> messages;
-    std::vector<std::string>        msg_strs;
+    std::list<std::string>          msg_strs;
     std::vector<char>               fmtted;
 
     int init(Opt & opt) {
@@ -551,13 +566,14 @@ class LlamaData {
         }
 
         sampler = initialize_sampler(opt);
+
         return 0;
     }
 
   private:
 #ifdef LLAMA_USE_CURL
-    int download(const std::string & url, const std::vector<std::string> & headers, const std::string & output_file,
-                 const bool progress, std::string * response_str = nullptr) {
+    int download(const std::string & url, const std::string & output_file, const bool progress,
+                 const std::vector<std::string> & headers = {}, std::string * response_str = nullptr) {
         HttpClient http;
         if (http.init(url, headers, output_file, progress, response_str)) {
             return 1;
@@ -566,48 +582,85 @@ class LlamaData {
         return 0;
     }
 #else
-    int download(const std::string &, const std::vector<std::string> &, const std::string &, const bool,
+    int download(const std::string &, const std::string &, const bool, const std::vector<std::string> & = {},
                  std::string * = nullptr) {
         printe("%s: llama.cpp built without libcurl, downloading from an url not supported.\n", __func__);
+
         return 1;
     }
 #endif
 
-    int huggingface_dl(const std::string & model, const std::vector<std::string> headers, const std::string & bn) {
-        // Find the second occurrence of '/' after protocol string
-        size_t pos = model.find('/');
-        pos        = model.find('/', pos + 1);
-        if (pos == std::string::npos) {
-            return 1;
-        }
-
-        const std::string hfr = model.substr(0, pos);
-        const std::string hff = model.substr(pos + 1);
-        const std::string url = "https://huggingface.co/" + hfr + "/resolve/main/" + hff;
-        return download(url, headers, bn, true);
-    }
-
-    int ollama_dl(std::string & model, const std::vector<std::string> headers, const std::string & bn) {
-        if (model.find('/') == std::string::npos) {
-            model = "library/" + model;
-        }
-
-        std::string model_tag = "latest";
-        size_t      colon_pos = model.find(':');
+    // Helper function to handle model tag extraction and URL construction
+    std::pair<std::string, std::string> extract_model_and_tag(std::string & model, const std::string & base_url) {
+        std::string  model_tag = "latest";
+        const size_t colon_pos = model.find(':');
         if (colon_pos != std::string::npos) {
             model_tag = model.substr(colon_pos + 1);
             model     = model.substr(0, colon_pos);
         }
 
-        std::string manifest_url = "https://registry.ollama.ai/v2/" + model + "/manifests/" + model_tag;
+        std::string url = base_url + model + "/manifests/" + model_tag;
+
+        return { model, url };
+    }
+
+    // Helper function to download and parse the manifest
+    int download_and_parse_manifest(const std::string & url, const std::vector<std::string> & headers,
+                                    nlohmann::json & manifest) {
         std::string manifest_str;
-        const int   ret = download(manifest_url, headers, "", false, &manifest_str);
+        int         ret = download(url, "", false, headers, &manifest_str);
         if (ret) {
             return ret;
         }
 
-        nlohmann::json manifest = nlohmann::json::parse(manifest_str);
-        std::string    layer;
+        manifest = nlohmann::json::parse(manifest_str);
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    int huggingface_dl(std::string & model, const std::string & bn) {
+        // Find the second occurrence of '/' after protocol string
+        size_t pos = model.find('/');
+        pos        = model.find('/', pos + 1);
+        std::string              hfr, hff;
+        std::vector<std::string> headers = { "User-Agent: llama-cpp", "Accept: application/json" };
+        std::string              url;
+
+        if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+            auto [model_name, manifest_url] = extract_model_and_tag(model, "https://huggingface.co/v2/");
+            hfr                             = model_name;
+
+            nlohmann::json manifest;
+            int            ret = download_and_parse_manifest(manifest_url, headers, manifest);
+            if (ret) {
+                return ret;
+            }
+
+            hff = manifest["ggufFile"]["rfilename"];
+        } else {
+            hfr = model.substr(0, pos);
+            hff = model.substr(pos + 1);
+        }
+
+        url = "https://huggingface.co/" + hfr + "/resolve/main/" + hff;
+
+        return download(url, bn, true, headers);
+    }
+
+    int ollama_dl(std::string & model, const std::string & bn) {
+        const std::vector<std::string> headers = { "Accept: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json" };
+        if (model.find('/') == std::string::npos) {
+            model = "library/" + model;
+        }
+
+        auto [model_name, manifest_url] = extract_model_and_tag(model, "https://registry.ollama.ai/v2/");
+        nlohmann::json manifest;
+        int            ret = download_and_parse_manifest(manifest_url, {}, manifest);
+        if (ret) {
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        std::string layer;
         for (const auto & l : manifest["layers"]) {
             if (l["mediaType"] == "application/vnd.ollama.image.model") {
                 layer = l["digest"];
@@ -615,8 +668,34 @@ class LlamaData {
             }
         }
 
-        std::string blob_url = "https://registry.ollama.ai/v2/" + model + "/blobs/" + layer;
-        return download(blob_url, headers, bn, true);
+        std::string blob_url = "https://registry.ollama.ai/v2/" + model_name + "/blobs/" + layer;
+
+        return download(blob_url, bn, true, headers);
+    }
+
+    int github_dl(const std::string & model, const std::string & bn) {
+        std::string  repository = model;
+        std::string  branch     = "main";
+        const size_t at_pos     = model.find('@');
+        if (at_pos != std::string::npos) {
+            repository = model.substr(0, at_pos);
+            branch     = model.substr(at_pos + 1);
+        }
+
+        const std::vector<std::string> repo_parts = string_split(repository, "/");
+        if (repo_parts.size() < 3) {
+            printe("Invalid GitHub repository format\n");
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        const std::string & org          = repo_parts[0];
+        const std::string & project      = repo_parts[1];
+        std::string         url          = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/" + org + "/" + project + "/" + branch;
+        for (size_t i = 2; i < repo_parts.size(); ++i) {
+            url += "/" + repo_parts[i];
+        }
+
+        return download(url, bn, true);
     }
 
     std::string basename(const std::string & path) {
@@ -628,37 +707,41 @@ class LlamaData {
         return path.substr(pos + 1);
     }
 
-    int remove_proto(std::string & model_) {
-        const std::string::size_type pos = model_.find("://");
+    int rm_until_substring(std::string & model_, const std::string & substring) {
+        const std::string::size_type pos = model_.find(substring);
         if (pos == std::string::npos) {
             return 1;
         }
 
-        model_ = model_.substr(pos + 3);  // Skip past "://"
+        model_ = model_.substr(pos + substring.size());  // Skip past the substring
         return 0;
     }
 
     int resolve_model(std::string & model_) {
         int                            ret     = 0;
         if (string_starts_with(model_, "file://") || std::filesystem::exists(model_)) {
-            remove_proto(model_);
+            rm_until_substring(model_, "://");
 
             return ret;
         }
 
-        const std::string              bn      = basename(model_);
-        const std::vector<std::string> headers = { "--header",
-                                                   "Accept: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json" };
-        if (string_starts_with(model_, "hf://") || string_starts_with(model_, "huggingface://")) {
-            remove_proto(model_);
-            ret = huggingface_dl(model_, headers, bn);
-        } else if (string_starts_with(model_, "ollama://")) {
-            remove_proto(model_);
-            ret = ollama_dl(model_, headers, bn);
-        } else if (string_starts_with(model_, "https://")) {
-            download(model_, headers, bn, true);
-        } else {
-            ret = ollama_dl(model_, headers, bn);
+        const std::string bn = basename(model_);
+        if (string_starts_with(model_, "hf://") || string_starts_with(model_, "huggingface://") ||
+            string_starts_with(model_, "hf.co/")) {
+            rm_until_substring(model_, "hf.co/");
+            rm_until_substring(model_, "://");
+            ret = huggingface_dl(model_, bn);
+        } else if ((string_starts_with(model_, "https://") || string_starts_with(model_, "http://")) &&
+                   !string_starts_with(model_, "https://ollama.com/library/")) {
+            ret = download(model_, bn, true);
+        } else if (string_starts_with(model_, "github:") || string_starts_with(model_, "github://")) {
+            rm_until_substring(model_, "github:");
+            rm_until_substring(model_, "://");
+            ret = github_dl(model_, bn);
+        } else {  // ollama:// or nothing
+            rm_until_substring(model_, "ollama.com/library/");
+            rm_until_substring(model_, "://");
+            ret = ollama_dl(model_, bn);
         }
 
         model_ = bn;
@@ -711,13 +794,31 @@ static void add_message(const char * role, const std::string & text, LlamaData &
 }
 
 // Function to apply the chat template and resize `formatted` if needed
-static int apply_chat_template(LlamaData & llama_data, const bool append) {
+static int apply_chat_template(const common_chat_template & tmpl, LlamaData & llama_data, const bool append, bool use_jinja) {
+    if (use_jinja) {
+        json messages = json::array();
+        for (const auto & msg : llama_data.messages) {
+            messages.push_back({
+                {"role", msg.role},
+                {"content", msg.content},
+            });
+        }
+        try {
+            auto result = tmpl.apply(messages, /* tools= */ json(), append);
+            llama_data.fmtted.resize(result.size() + 1);
+            memcpy(llama_data.fmtted.data(), result.c_str(), result.size() + 1);
+            return result.size();
+        } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+            printe("failed to render the chat template: %s\n", e.what());
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
     int result = llama_chat_apply_template(
-        llama_model_chat_template(llama_data.model.get()), llama_data.messages.data(), llama_data.messages.size(), append,
+        tmpl.source().c_str(), llama_data.messages.data(), llama_data.messages.size(), append,
         append ? llama_data.fmtted.data() : nullptr, append ? llama_data.fmtted.size() : 0);
     if (append && result > static_cast<int>(llama_data.fmtted.size())) {
         llama_data.fmtted.resize(result);
-        result = llama_chat_apply_template(llama_model_chat_template(llama_data.model.get()), llama_data.messages.data(),
+        result = llama_chat_apply_template(tmpl.source().c_str(), llama_data.messages.data(),
                                            llama_data.messages.size(), append, llama_data.fmtted.data(),
                                            llama_data.fmtted.size());
     }
@@ -727,10 +828,12 @@ static int apply_chat_template(LlamaData & llama_data, const bool append) {
 
 // Function to tokenize the prompt
 static int tokenize_prompt(const llama_vocab * vocab, const std::string & prompt,
-                           std::vector<llama_token> & prompt_tokens) {
-    const int n_prompt_tokens = -llama_tokenize(vocab, prompt.c_str(), prompt.size(), NULL, 0, true, true);
+                           std::vector<llama_token> & prompt_tokens, const LlamaData & llama_data) {
+    const bool is_first = llama_get_kv_cache_used_cells(llama_data.context.get()) == 0;
+
+    const int n_prompt_tokens = -llama_tokenize(vocab, prompt.c_str(), prompt.size(), NULL, 0, is_first, true);
     prompt_tokens.resize(n_prompt_tokens);
-    if (llama_tokenize(vocab, prompt.c_str(), prompt.size(), prompt_tokens.data(), prompt_tokens.size(), true,
+    if (llama_tokenize(vocab, prompt.c_str(), prompt.size(), prompt_tokens.data(), prompt_tokens.size(), is_first,
                        true) < 0) {
         printe("failed to tokenize the prompt\n");
         return -1;
@@ -776,7 +879,7 @@ static int generate(LlamaData & llama_data, const std::string & prompt, std::str
     const llama_vocab * vocab = llama_model_get_vocab(llama_data.model.get());
 
     std::vector<llama_token> tokens;
-    if (tokenize_prompt(vocab, prompt, tokens) < 0) {
+    if (tokenize_prompt(vocab, prompt, tokens, llama_data) < 0) {
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -807,24 +910,44 @@ static int generate(LlamaData & llama_data, const std::string & prompt, std::str
         batch = llama_batch_get_one(&new_token_id, 1);
     }
 
+    printf("\033[0m");
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int read_user_input(std::string & user) {
-    std::getline(std::cin, user);
+static int read_user_input(std::string & user_input) {
+    static const char * prompt_prefix = "> ";
+#ifdef WIN32
+    printf(
+        "\r%*s"
+        "\r\033[0m%s",
+        get_terminal_width(), " ", prompt_prefix);
+
+    std::getline(std::cin, user_input);
     if (std::cin.eof()) {
         printf("\n");
         return 1;
     }
-
-    if (user == "/bye") {
+#else
+    std::unique_ptr<char, decltype(&std::free)> line(const_cast<char *>(linenoise(prompt_prefix)), free);
+    if (!line) {
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (user.empty()) {
+    user_input = line.get();
+#endif
+
+    if (user_input == "/bye") {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (user_input.empty()) {
         return 2;
     }
 
+#ifndef WIN32
+    linenoiseHistoryAdd(line.get());
+#endif
+
     return 0;  // Should have data in happy path
 }
 
@@ -847,8 +970,8 @@ static int generate_response(LlamaData & llama_data, const std::string & prompt,
 }
 
 // Helper function to apply the chat template and handle errors
-static int apply_chat_template_with_error_handling(LlamaData & llama_data, const bool append, int & output_length) {
-    const int new_len = apply_chat_template(llama_data, append);
+static int apply_chat_template_with_error_handling(const common_chat_template & tmpl, LlamaData & llama_data, const bool append, int & output_length, bool use_jinja) {
+    const int new_len = apply_chat_template(tmpl, llama_data, append, use_jinja);
     if (new_len < 0) {
         printe("failed to apply the chat template\n");
         return -1;
@@ -865,10 +988,6 @@ static int handle_user_input(std::string & user_input, const std::string & user)
         return 0;  // No need for interactive input
     }
 
-    printf(
-        "\r%*s"
-        "\r\033[32m> \033[0m",
-        get_terminal_width(), " ");
     return read_user_input(user_input);  // Returns true if input ends the loop
 }
 
@@ -911,9 +1030,11 @@ static int get_user_input(std::string & user_input, const std::string & user) {
 }
 
 // Main chat loop function
-static int chat_loop(LlamaData & llama_data, const std::string & user) {
+static int chat_loop(LlamaData & llama_data, const std::string & user, bool use_jinja) {
     int prev_len = 0;
     llama_data.fmtted.resize(llama_n_ctx(llama_data.context.get()));
+    auto chat_templates = common_chat_templates_from_model(llama_data.model.get(), "");
+    GGML_ASSERT(chat_templates.template_default);
     static const bool stdout_a_terminal = is_stdout_a_terminal();
     while (true) {
         // Get user input
@@ -924,7 +1045,7 @@ static int chat_loop(LlamaData & llama_data, const std::string & user) {
 
         add_message("user", user.empty() ? user_input : user, llama_data);
         int new_len;
-        if (apply_chat_template_with_error_handling(llama_data, true, new_len) < 0) {
+        if (apply_chat_template_with_error_handling(*chat_templates.template_default, llama_data, true, new_len, use_jinja) < 0) {
             return 1;
         }
 
@@ -939,7 +1060,7 @@ static int chat_loop(LlamaData & llama_data, const std::string & user) {
         }
 
         add_message("assistant", response, llama_data);
-        if (apply_chat_template_with_error_handling(llama_data, false, prev_len) < 0) {
+        if (apply_chat_template_with_error_handling(*chat_templates.template_default, llama_data, false, prev_len, use_jinja) < 0) {
             return 1;
         }
     }
@@ -999,7 +1120,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char ** argv) {
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (chat_loop(llama_data, opt.user)) {
+    if (chat_loop(llama_data, opt.user, opt.use_jinja)) {
         return 1;
     }
 
diff --git a/examples/server/README.md b/examples/server/README.md
index 1f0a27d967..276b430139 100644
--- a/examples/server/README.md
+++ b/examples/server/README.md
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ The project is under active development, and we are [looking for feedback and co
 | `--grammar GRAMMAR` | BNF-like grammar to constrain generations (see samples in grammars/ dir) (default: '') |
 | `--grammar-file FNAME` | file to read grammar from |
 | `-j, --json-schema SCHEMA` | JSON schema to constrain generations (https://json-schema.org/), e.g. `{}` for any JSON object<br/>For schemas w/ external $refs, use --grammar + example/json_schema_to_grammar.py instead |
-
+| `--jinja` | Enable experimental Jinja templating engine (required for tool use) |
 
 **Example-specific params**
 
@@ -236,9 +236,13 @@ npm i
 # to run the dev server
 npm run dev
 
-# to build the public/index.html
+# to build the public/index.html.gz
 npm run build
 ```
+After `public/index.html.gz` has been generated we need to generate the c++
+headers (like build/examples/server/index.html.gz.hpp) that will be included
+by server.cpp. This is done by building `llama-server` as described in the
+[build](#build) section above.
 
 NOTE: if you are using the vite dev server, you can change the API base URL to llama.cpp. To do that, run this code snippet in browser's console:
 
@@ -456,7 +460,7 @@ These words will not be included in the completion, so make sure to add them to
 - Note: In streaming mode (`stream`), only `content`, `tokens` and `stop` will be returned until end of completion. Responses are sent using the [Server-sent events](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/server-sent-events.html) standard. Note: the browser's `EventSource` interface cannot be used due to its lack of `POST` request support.
 
 - `completion_probabilities`: An array of token probabilities for each completion. The array's length is `n_predict`. Each item in the array has a nested array `top_logprobs`. It contains at **maximum** `n_probs` elements:
-  ```json
+  ```
   {
     "content": "<the generated completion text>",
     "tokens": [ generated token ids if requested ],
@@ -557,7 +561,7 @@ If `with_pieces` is `true`:
 ```
 
 With input 'á' (utf8 hex: C3 A1) on tinyllama/stories260k
-```json
+```
 {
   "tokens": [
     {"id": 198, "piece": [195]}, // hex C3
@@ -572,6 +576,18 @@ With input 'á' (utf8 hex: C3 A1) on tinyllama/stories260k
 
 `tokens`: Set the tokens to detokenize.
 
+### POST `/apply-template`: Apply chat template to a conversation
+
+Uses the server's prompt template formatting functionality to convert chat messages to a single string expected by a chat model as input, but does not perform inference. Instead, the prompt string is returned in the `prompt` field of the JSON response. The prompt can then be modified as desired (for example, to insert "Sure!" at the beginning of the model's response) before sending to `/completion` to generate the chat response.
+
+*Options:*
+
+`messages`: (Required) Chat turns in the same format as `/v1/chat/completions`.
+
+**Response format**
+
+Returns a JSON object with a field `prompt` containing a string of the input messages formatted according to the model's chat template format.
+
 ### POST `/embedding`: Generate embedding of a given text
 
 > [!IMPORTANT]
@@ -764,7 +780,7 @@ Same as the `/v1/embeddings` endpoint.
 
 **Response format**
 
-```json
+```
 [
   {
     "index": 0,
@@ -1053,7 +1069,7 @@ Given a ChatML-formatted json description in `messages`, it returns the predicte
 
 *Options:*
 
-See [OpenAI Chat Completions API documentation](https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/chat). While some OpenAI-specific features such as function calling aren't supported, llama.cpp `/completion`-specific features such as `mirostat` are supported.
+See [OpenAI Chat Completions API documentation](https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/chat). llama.cpp `/completion`-specific features such as `mirostat` are also supported.
 
 The `response_format` parameter supports both plain JSON output (e.g. `{"type": "json_object"}`) and schema-constrained JSON (e.g. `{"type": "json_object", "schema": {"type": "string", "minLength": 10, "maxLength": 100}}` or `{"type": "json_schema", "schema": {"properties": { "name": { "title": "Name",  "type": "string" }, "date": { "title": "Date",  "type": "string" }, "participants": { "items": {"type: "string" }, "title": "Participants",  "type": "string" } } } }`), similar to other OpenAI-inspired API providers.
 
@@ -1101,6 +1117,176 @@ curl http://localhost:8080/v1/chat/completions \
 }'
 ```
 
+*Tool call support*
+
+[Function calling](https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/function-calling) is supported for all models (see https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/9639):
+
+- Requires `--jinja` flag
+- Native tool call formats supported:
+  - Llama 3.1 / 3.3 (including builtin tools support - tool names for `wolfram_alpha`, `web_search` / `brave_search`, `code_interpreter`), Llama 3.2
+  - Functionary v3.1 / v3.2
+  - Hermes 2/3, Qwen 2.5
+  - Mistral Nemo
+  - Firefunction v2
+  - DeepSeek R1 (WIP / seems reluctant to call any tools?)
+
+  <details>
+  <summary>Show some common templates and which format handler they use</summary>
+
+  | Template | Format |
+  |----------|--------|
+  | CohereForAI-c4ai-command-r-plus-default.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | CohereForAI-c4ai-command-r-plus-rag.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | CohereForAI-c4ai-command-r-plus-tool_use.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | MiniMaxAI-MiniMax-Text-01.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | NexaAIDev-Octopus-v2.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | NousResearch-Hermes-2-Pro-Llama-3-8B-default.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | NousResearch-Hermes-2-Pro-Llama-3-8B-tool_use.jinja | hermes 2 pro tool calls |
+  | NousResearch-Hermes-2-Pro-Mistral-7B-default.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | NousResearch-Hermes-2-Pro-Mistral-7B-tool_use.jinja | hermes 2 pro tool calls |
+  | NousResearch-Hermes-3-Llama-3.1-70B-default.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | NousResearch-Hermes-3-Llama-3.1-70B-tool_use.jinja | hermes 2 pro tool calls |
+  | OrionStarAI-Orion-14B-Chat.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | Qwen-QwQ-32B-Preview.jinja | hermes 2 pro tool calls |
+  | Qwen-Qwen2-7B-Instruct.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | Qwen-Qwen2-VL-7B-Instruct.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | Qwen-Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct.jinja | hermes 2 pro tool calls |
+  | Qwen-Qwen2.5-Math-7B-Instruct.jinja | hermes 2 pro tool calls |
+  | TheBloke-FusionNet_34Bx2_MoE-AWQ.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | abacusai-Fewshot-Metamath-OrcaVicuna-Mistral.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | bofenghuang-vigogne-2-70b-chat.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | databricks-dbrx-instruct.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | deepseek-ai-DeepSeek-Coder-V2-Instruct.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | deepseek-ai-DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B.jinja | deepseek r1 tool calls |
+  | deepseek-ai-DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B.jinja | deepseek r1 tool calls |
+  | deepseek-ai-DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B.jinja | deepseek r1 tool calls |
+  | deepseek-ai-DeepSeek-V2.5.jinja | deepseek r1 tool calls |
+  | deepseek-ai-deepseek-coder-33b-instruct.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | google-gemma-2-2b-it.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | google-gemma-7b-it.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | indischepartij-MiniCPM-3B-OpenHermes-2.5-v2.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | mattshumer-Reflection-Llama-3.1-70B.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | meetkai-functionary-medium-v3.2.jinja | functionary v3.2 tool calls |
+  | meta-llama-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct.jinja | llama 3.x tool calls (w/ builtin tools) |
+  | meta-llama-Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct.jinja | llama 3.x tool calls |
+  | meta-llama-Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct.jinja | llama 3.x tool calls (w/ builtin tools) |
+  | meta-llama-Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct.jinja | llama 3.x tool calls (w/ builtin tools) |
+  | microsoft-Phi-3-medium-4k-instruct.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | microsoft-Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | microsoft-Phi-3-small-8k-instruct.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | microsoft-Phi-3.5-mini-instruct.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | microsoft-Phi-3.5-vision-instruct.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | mistralai-Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | mistralai-Mistral-Large-Instruct-2407.jinja | mistral nemo tool calls |
+  | mistralai-Mistral-Large-Instruct-2411.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | mistralai-Mistral-Nemo-Instruct-2407.jinja | mistral nemo tool calls |
+  | mistralai-Mixtral-8x7B-Instruct-v0.1.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | mlabonne-AlphaMonarch-7B.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | nvidia-Llama-3.1-Nemotron-70B-Instruct-HF.jinja | llama 3.x tool calls (w/ builtin tools) |
+  | openchat-openchat-3.5-0106.jinja | generic tool calls |
+  | teknium-OpenHermes-2.5-Mistral-7B.jinja | generic tool calls |
+
+  This table can be generated with:
+
+  ```bash
+  ./build/bin/test-chat ../minja/build/tests/*.jinja 2>/dev/null
+
+  </details>
+
+- Generic tool call is supported when the template isn't recognized by native format handlers (you'll see `Chat format: Generic` in the logs).
+  - Use `--chat-template-file` to override the template when appropriate (see examples below)
+  - Generic support may consume more tokens and be less efficient than a model's native format.
+
+- Run with:
+
+  ```shell
+  # Native support:
+  llama-server --jinja -fa -hf bartowski/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M
+  llama-server --jinja -fa -hf bartowski/Mistral-Nemo-Instruct-2407-GGUF:Q4_K_M
+  llama-server --jinja -fa -hf bartowski/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct-GGUF:Q6_K
+  llama-server --jinja -fa -hf bartowski/functionary-small-v3.2-GGUF:Q4_K_M
+  llama-server --jinja -fa -hf bartowski/Hermes-2-Pro-Llama-3-8B-GGUF:Q4_K_M \
+    --chat-template-file <( python scripts/get_chat_template.py NousResearch/Hermes-2-Pro-Llama-3-8B )
+
+  # Native support requires the right template for these GGUFs:
+  llama-server --jinja -fa -hf bartowski/Hermes-3-Llama-3.1-8B-GGUF:Q4_K_M \
+    --chat-template-file <( python scripts/get_chat_template.py NousResearch/Hermes-3-Llama-3.1-8B tool_use )
+  llama-server --jinja -fa -hf bartowski/firefunction-v2-GGUF -hff firefunction-v2-IQ1_M.gguf \
+    --chat-template-file <( python scripts/get_chat_template.py fireworks-ai/firellama-3-firefunction-v2 )
+
+  # Generic format support
+  llama-server --jinja -fa -hf bartowski/Phi-3.5-mini-instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M
+  llama-server --jinja -fa -hf bartowski/gemma-2-2b-it-GGUF:Q4_K_M
+  ```
+
+- Test in CLI:
+
+  ```bash
+  curl http://localhost:8080/v1/chat/completions -d '{
+    "model": "gpt-3.5-turbo",
+    "tools": [
+      {
+        "type":"function",
+        "function":{
+          "name":"get_current_weather",
+          "description":"Get the current weather in a given location",
+          "parameters":{
+            "type":"object",
+            "properties":{
+              "location":{
+                "type":"string",
+                "description":"The city and state, e.g. San Francisco, CA"
+              }
+            },
+            "required":["location"]
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "messages": [
+      {
+        "role": "user",
+        "content": "What is the weather like in Istanbul?."
+      }
+    ]
+  }'
+  ```
+
+  <details>
+  <summary>Show output</summary>
+
+  ```json
+  {
+    "choices": [
+      {
+        "finish_reason": "tool",
+        "index": 0,
+        "message": {
+          "content": null,
+          "tool_calls": [
+            {
+              "name": "python",
+              "arguments": "{\"code\":\" \\nprint(\\\"Hello, World!\\\")\"}"
+            }
+          ],
+          "role": "assistant"
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "created": 1727287211,
+    "model": "gpt-3.5-turbo",
+    "object": "chat.completion",
+    "usage": {
+      "completion_tokens": 16,
+      "prompt_tokens": 44,
+      "total_tokens": 60
+    },
+    "id": "chatcmpl-Htbgh9feMmGM0LEH2hmQvwsCxq3c6Ni8"
+  }
+  ```
+
+  </details>
+
 ### POST `/v1/embeddings`: OpenAI-compatible embeddings API
 
 This endpoint requires that the model uses a pooling different than type `none`. The embeddings are normalized using the Eucledian norm.
diff --git a/examples/server/public/index.html.gz b/examples/server/public/index.html.gz
index 26f3583bdf..582ccc0d3f 100644
Binary files a/examples/server/public/index.html.gz and b/examples/server/public/index.html.gz differ
diff --git a/examples/server/server.cpp b/examples/server/server.cpp
index d1e8ee8291..3451e96a2b 100644
--- a/examples/server/server.cpp
+++ b/examples/server/server.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 // mime type for sending response
 #define MIMETYPE_JSON "application/json; charset=utf-8"
 
-// auto generated files (update with ./deps.sh)
+// auto generated files (see README.md for details)
 #include "index.html.gz.hpp"
 #include "loading.html.hpp"
 
@@ -113,10 +113,11 @@ struct slot_params {
     struct common_params_speculative speculative;
 
     // OAI-compat fields
-    bool           verbose        = false;
-    oaicompat_type oaicompat      = OAICOMPAT_TYPE_NONE;
-    std::string    oaicompat_model;
-    std::string    oaicompat_cmpl_id;
+    bool                  verbose                   = false;
+    oaicompat_type        oaicompat                 = OAICOMPAT_TYPE_NONE;
+    std::string           oaicompat_model;
+    std::string           oaicompat_cmpl_id;
+    common_chat_format    oaicompat_chat_format     = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_CONTENT_ONLY;
 
     json to_json() const {
         std::vector<std::string> samplers;
@@ -164,6 +165,8 @@ struct slot_params {
             {"n_probs",                   sampling.n_probs},
             {"min_keep",                  sampling.min_keep},
             {"grammar",                   sampling.grammar},
+            // {"grammar_trigger_words",     sampling.grammar_trigger_words},
+            {"grammar_trigger_tokens",    sampling.grammar_trigger_tokens},
             {"samplers",                  samplers},
             {"speculative.n_max",         speculative.n_max},
             {"speculative.n_min",         speculative.n_min},
@@ -267,6 +270,11 @@ struct server_task {
         params.speculative.n_min = std::max(params.speculative.n_min, 2);
         params.speculative.n_max = std::max(params.speculative.n_max, 0);
 
+        // Use OpenAI API logprobs only if n_probs wasn't provided
+        if (data.contains("logprobs") && params.sampling.n_probs == defaults.sampling.n_probs){
+            params.sampling.n_probs = json_value(data, "logprobs", defaults.sampling.n_probs);
+        }
+
         if (data.contains("lora")) {
             if (data.at("lora").is_array()) {
                 params.lora = parse_lora_request(params_base.lora_adapters, data.at("lora"));
@@ -320,12 +328,50 @@ struct server_task {
         if (data.contains("json_schema") && !data.contains("grammar")) {
             try {
                 auto schema                  = json_value(data, "json_schema", json::object());
-                params.sampling.grammar = json_schema_to_grammar(schema);
+                LOG_DBG("JSON schema: %s\n", schema.dump(2).c_str());
+                params.sampling.grammar      = json_schema_to_grammar(schema);
+                LOG_DBG("Converted grammar: %s\n", params.sampling.grammar.c_str());
             } catch (const std::exception & e) {
                 throw std::runtime_error(std::string("\"json_schema\": ") + e.what());
             }
         } else {
-            params.sampling.grammar = json_value(data, "grammar", defaults.sampling.grammar);
+            params.sampling.grammar      = json_value(data, "grammar", defaults.sampling.grammar);
+            LOG_DBG("Grammar: %s\n", params.sampling.grammar.c_str());
+            params.sampling.grammar_lazy = json_value(data, "grammar_lazy", defaults.sampling.grammar_lazy);
+            LOG_DBG("Grammar lazy: %s\n", params.sampling.grammar_lazy ? "true" : "false");
+        }
+
+        {
+            auto it = data.find("chat_format");
+            if (it != data.end()) {
+                params.oaicompat_chat_format = static_cast<common_chat_format>(it->get<int>());
+                LOG_INF("Chat format: %s\n", common_chat_format_name(params.oaicompat_chat_format).c_str());
+            } else {
+                params.oaicompat_chat_format = defaults.oaicompat_chat_format;
+            }
+        }
+
+        {
+            const auto grammar_triggers = data.find("grammar_triggers");
+            if (grammar_triggers != data.end()) {
+                for (const auto & t : *grammar_triggers) {
+                    common_grammar_trigger trigger;
+                    trigger.word = t.at("word");
+                    trigger.at_start = t.at("at_start");
+
+                    auto ids = common_tokenize(vocab, trigger.word, /* add_special= */ false, /* parse_special= */ true);
+                    if (ids.size() == 1) {
+                        LOG_DBG("Grammar trigger token: %d (`%s`)\n", ids[0], trigger.word.c_str());
+                        params.sampling.grammar_trigger_tokens.push_back(ids[0]);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    LOG_DBG("Grammar trigger word: `%s`\n", trigger.word.c_str());
+                    params.sampling.grammar_trigger_words.push_back(trigger);
+                }
+            }
+            if (params.sampling.grammar_lazy) {
+                GGML_ASSERT(params.sampling.grammar_trigger_tokens.size() > 0 || params.sampling.grammar_trigger_words.size() > 0);
+            }
         }
 
         {
@@ -377,22 +423,12 @@ struct server_task {
         }
 
         {
-            const auto & samplers = data.find("samplers");
+            const auto samplers = data.find("samplers");
             if (samplers != data.end()) {
                 if (samplers->is_array()) {
-                    std::vector<std::string> sampler_names;
-                    for (const auto & name : *samplers) {
-                        if (name.is_string()) {
-                            sampler_names.emplace_back(name);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    params.sampling.samplers = common_sampler_types_from_names(sampler_names, false);
+                    params.sampling.samplers = common_sampler_types_from_names(*samplers, false);
                 } else if (samplers->is_string()){
-                    std::string sampler_string;
-                    for (const auto & name : *samplers) {
-                        sampler_string += name;
-                    }
-                    params.sampling.samplers = common_sampler_types_from_chars(sampler_string);
+                    params.sampling.samplers = common_sampler_types_from_chars(samplers->get<std::string>());
                 }
             } else {
                 params.sampling.samplers = defaults.sampling.samplers;
@@ -539,7 +575,7 @@ struct completion_token_output {
 struct server_task_result_cmpl_final : server_task_result {
     int index = 0;
 
-    std::string  content;
+    std::string content;
     llama_tokens tokens;
 
     bool stream;
@@ -561,10 +597,11 @@ struct server_task_result_cmpl_final : server_task_result {
     slot_params generation_params;
 
     // OAI-compat fields
-    bool           verbose        = false;
-    oaicompat_type oaicompat = OAICOMPAT_TYPE_NONE;
-    std::string    oaicompat_model;
-    std::string    oaicompat_cmpl_id;
+    bool                  verbose                  = false;
+    oaicompat_type        oaicompat                = OAICOMPAT_TYPE_NONE;
+    std::string           oaicompat_model;
+    std::string           oaicompat_cmpl_id;
+    common_chat_format    oaicompat_chat_format    = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_CONTENT_ONLY;
 
     virtual int get_index() override {
         return index;
@@ -658,18 +695,39 @@ struct server_task_result_cmpl_final : server_task_result {
 
     json to_json_oaicompat_chat() {
         std::string finish_reason = "length";
+        common_chat_msg message;
         if (stop == STOP_TYPE_WORD || stop == STOP_TYPE_EOS) {
-            finish_reason = "stop";
+            LOG_DBG("Parsing chat message: %s\n", content.c_str());
+            message = common_chat_parse(content, oaicompat_chat_format);
+            finish_reason = message.tool_calls.empty() ? "stop" : "tool_calls";
+        } else {
+            message.content = content;
         }
 
-        json choice = json{
+        json tool_calls;
+        if (!message.tool_calls.empty()) {
+            tool_calls = json::array();
+            for (const auto & tc : message.tool_calls) {
+                tool_calls.push_back({
+                    {"type", "function"},
+                    {"function", {
+                        {"name", tc.name},
+                        {"arguments", tc.arguments},
+                    }},
+                    {"id", tc.id},
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        json choice {
             {"finish_reason", finish_reason},
             {"index", 0},
             {"message", json {
-                {"content", content},
-                {"role",    "assistant"}
-            }
-        }};
+                {"content", message.content},
+                {"tool_calls", tool_calls},
+                {"role", "assistant"},
+            }},
+        };
 
         if (!stream && probs_output.size() > 0) {
             choice["logprobs"] = json{
@@ -711,7 +769,7 @@ struct server_task_result_cmpl_final : server_task_result {
             finish_reason = "stop";
         }
 
-        json choice = json{
+        json choice = json {
             {"finish_reason", finish_reason},
             {"index", 0},
             {"delta", json::object()}
@@ -1186,6 +1244,8 @@ struct server_slot {
 
     llama_token sampled;
 
+    common_chat_format chat_format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_CONTENT_ONLY;
+
     // stats
     size_t n_sent_text        = 0; // number of sent text character
 
@@ -1422,6 +1482,10 @@ struct server_queue {
     int post(server_task task, bool front = false) {
         std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_tasks);
         GGML_ASSERT(task.id != -1);
+        // if this is cancel task make sure to clean up pending tasks
+        if (task.type == SERVER_TASK_TYPE_CANCEL) {
+            cleanup_pending_task(task.id_target);
+        }
         QUE_DBG("new task, id = %d, front = %d\n", task.id, front);
         if (front) {
             queue_tasks.push_front(std::move(task));
@@ -1439,6 +1503,10 @@ struct server_queue {
             if (task.id == -1) {
                 task.id = id++;
             }
+            // if this is cancel task make sure to clean up pending tasks
+            if (task.type == SERVER_TASK_TYPE_CANCEL) {
+                cleanup_pending_task(task.id_target);
+            }
             QUE_DBG("new task, id = %d/%d, front = %d\n", task.id, (int) tasks.size(), front);
             if (front) {
                 queue_tasks.push_front(std::move(task));
@@ -1539,6 +1607,20 @@ struct server_queue {
             }
         }
     }
+
+private:
+    void cleanup_pending_task(int id_target) {
+        // no need lock because this is called exclusively by post()
+        auto rm_func = [id_target](const server_task & task) {
+            return task.id_target == id_target;
+        };
+        queue_tasks.erase(
+            std::remove_if(queue_tasks.begin(),          queue_tasks.end(),          rm_func),
+            queue_tasks.end());
+        queue_tasks_deferred.erase(
+            std::remove_if(queue_tasks_deferred.begin(), queue_tasks_deferred.end(), rm_func),
+            queue_tasks_deferred.end());
+    }
 };
 
 struct server_response {
@@ -1574,6 +1656,12 @@ struct server_response {
 
         std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_results);
         waiting_task_ids.erase(id_task);
+        // make sure to clean up all pending results
+        queue_results.erase(
+            std::remove_if(queue_results.begin(), queue_results.end(), [id_task](const server_task_result_ptr & res) {
+                return res->id == id_task;
+            }),
+            queue_results.end());
     }
 
     void remove_waiting_task_ids(const std::unordered_set<int> & id_tasks) {
@@ -1593,7 +1681,7 @@ struct server_response {
                 return !queue_results.empty();
             });
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < (int) queue_results.size(); i++) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < queue_results.size(); i++) {
                 if (id_tasks.find(queue_results[i]->id) != id_tasks.end()) {
                     server_task_result_ptr res = std::move(queue_results[i]);
                     queue_results.erase(queue_results.begin() + i);
@@ -1610,12 +1698,6 @@ struct server_response {
     server_task_result_ptr recv_with_timeout(const std::unordered_set<int> & id_tasks, int timeout) {
         while (true) {
             std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_results);
-            bool cr_res = condition_results.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::seconds(timeout), [&]{
-                return !queue_results.empty();
-            });
-            if (!cr_res) {
-                return nullptr;
-            }
 
             for (int i = 0; i < (int) queue_results.size(); i++) {
                 if (id_tasks.find(queue_results[i]->id) != id_tasks.end()) {
@@ -1624,6 +1706,11 @@ struct server_response {
                     return res;
                 }
             }
+
+            std::cv_status cr_res = condition_results.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::seconds(timeout));
+            if (cr_res == std::cv_status::timeout) {
+                return nullptr;
+            }
         }
 
         // should never reach here
@@ -1688,6 +1775,8 @@ struct server_context {
     // Necessary similarity of prompt for slot selection
     float slot_prompt_similarity = 0.0f;
 
+    common_chat_templates chat_templates;
+
     ~server_context() {
         // Clear any sampling context
         for (server_slot & slot : slots) {
@@ -1728,13 +1817,16 @@ struct server_context {
         add_bos_token = llama_vocab_get_add_bos(vocab);
         has_eos_token = llama_vocab_eos(vocab) != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL;
 
-        if (!params_base.speculative.model.empty()) {
+        if (!params_base.speculative.model.empty() || !params_base.speculative.hf_repo.empty()) {
             SRV_INF("loading draft model '%s'\n", params_base.speculative.model.c_str());
 
             auto params_dft = params_base;
 
             params_dft.devices      = params_base.speculative.devices;
+            params_dft.hf_file      = params_base.speculative.hf_file;
+            params_dft.hf_repo      = params_base.speculative.hf_repo;
             params_dft.model        = params_base.speculative.model;
+            params_dft.model_url    = params_base.speculative.model_url;
             params_dft.n_ctx        = params_base.speculative.n_ctx == 0 ? params_base.n_ctx / params_base.n_parallel : params_base.speculative.n_ctx;
             params_dft.n_gpu_layers = params_base.speculative.n_gpu_layers;
             params_dft.n_parallel   = 1;
@@ -1762,16 +1854,48 @@ struct server_context {
             // force F16 KV cache for the draft model for extra performance
             cparams_dft.type_k = GGML_TYPE_F16;
             cparams_dft.type_v = GGML_TYPE_F16;
+
+            // the context is not needed - we will create one for each slot
+            llama_init_dft.context.reset();
         }
 
+        if (params_base.chat_template.empty() && !validate_builtin_chat_template(params.use_jinja)) {
+            LOG_WRN("%s: The chat template that comes with this model is not yet supported, falling back to chatml. This may cause the model to output suboptimal responses\n", __func__);
+            chat_templates = common_chat_templates_from_model(model, "chatml");
+        } else {
+            chat_templates = common_chat_templates_from_model(model, params_base.chat_template);
+        }
+        GGML_ASSERT(chat_templates.template_default.get() != nullptr);
+
         return true;
     }
 
-    bool validate_builtin_chat_template() const {
+    bool validate_builtin_chat_template(bool use_jinja) const {
         llama_chat_message chat[] = {{"user", "test"}};
-        const char * tmpl = llama_model_chat_template(model);
-        const int32_t chat_res = llama_chat_apply_template(tmpl, chat, 1, true, nullptr, 0);
-        return chat_res > 0;
+
+        if (use_jinja) {
+            auto templates = common_chat_templates_from_model(model, "");
+            common_chat_inputs inputs;
+            inputs.messages = json::array({{
+                {"role", "user"},
+                {"content", "test"},
+            }});
+            GGML_ASSERT(templates.template_default);
+            try {
+                common_chat_params_init(*templates.template_default, inputs);
+                if (templates.template_tool_use) {
+                    common_chat_params_init(*templates.template_tool_use, inputs);
+                }
+                return true;
+            } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+                SRV_ERR("failed to apply template: %s\n", e.what());
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            const char * tmpl = llama_model_chat_template(model, /* name */ nullptr);
+            const int32_t chat_res = llama_chat_apply_template(tmpl, chat, 1, true, nullptr, 0);
+            return chat_res > 0;
+        }
     }
 
     void init() {
@@ -2210,11 +2334,11 @@ struct server_context {
         res->id_slot         = slot.id;
 
         res->index           = slot.index;
-        res->content         = slot.generated_text;
-        res->tokens          = slot.generated_tokens;
+        res->content         = std::move(slot.generated_text);
+        res->tokens          = std::move(slot.generated_tokens);
         res->timings         = slot.get_timings();
         res->prompt          = common_detokenize(ctx, slot.prompt_tokens, true);
-        res->response_fields = slot.params.response_fields;
+        res->response_fields = std::move(slot.params.response_fields);
 
         res->truncated           = slot.truncated;
         res->n_decoded           = slot.n_decoded;
@@ -2225,12 +2349,12 @@ struct server_context {
         res->stop                = slot.stop;
         res->post_sampling_probs = slot.params.post_sampling_probs;
 
-        res->verbose           = slot.params.verbose;
-        res->stream            = slot.params.stream;
-        res->oaicompat         = slot.params.oaicompat;
-        res->oaicompat_model   = slot.params.oaicompat_model;
-        res->oaicompat_cmpl_id = slot.params.oaicompat_cmpl_id;
-
+        res->verbose               = slot.params.verbose;
+        res->stream                = slot.params.stream;
+        res->oaicompat             = slot.params.oaicompat;
+        res->oaicompat_model       = slot.params.oaicompat_model;
+        res->oaicompat_cmpl_id     = slot.params.oaicompat_cmpl_id;
+        res->oaicompat_chat_format = slot.params.oaicompat_chat_format;
         // populate res.probs_output
         if (slot.params.sampling.n_probs > 0) {
             if (!slot.params.stream && slot.stop == STOP_TYPE_WORD) {
@@ -2338,8 +2462,8 @@ struct server_context {
 
             server_task task(SERVER_TASK_TYPE_CANCEL);
             task.id_target = id_task;
-            cancel_tasks.push_back(task);
             queue_results.remove_waiting_task_id(id_task);
+            cancel_tasks.push_back(task);
         }
         // push to beginning of the queue, so it has highest priority
         queue_tasks.post(cancel_tasks, true);
@@ -2708,6 +2832,11 @@ struct server_context {
         // track if given slot can be batched with slots already in the batch
         server_slot * slot_batched = nullptr;
 
+        auto accept_special_token = [&](server_slot & slot, llama_token token) {
+            const auto & trigger_tokens = slot.params.sampling.grammar_trigger_tokens;
+            return params_base.special || std::find(trigger_tokens.begin(), trigger_tokens.end(), token) != trigger_tokens.end();
+        };
+
         // frist, add sampled tokens from any ongoing sequences
         for (auto & slot : slots) {
             if (slot.state != SLOT_STATE_GENERATING) {
@@ -3071,7 +3200,7 @@ struct server_context {
 
                 completion_token_output result;
                 result.tok          = id;
-                result.text_to_send = common_token_to_piece(ctx, result.tok, params_base.special);
+                result.text_to_send = common_token_to_piece(ctx, result.tok, accept_special_token(slot, result.tok));
                 result.prob         = 1.0f; // TODO: set it here instead of doing inside populate_token_probs
 
                 if (slot.params.sampling.n_probs > 0) {
@@ -3160,7 +3289,7 @@ struct server_context {
                     completion_token_output result;
 
                     result.tok          = ids[i];
-                    result.text_to_send = common_token_to_piece(ctx, result.tok, params_base.special);
+                    result.text_to_send = common_token_to_piece(ctx, result.tok, accept_special_token(slot, result.tok));
                     result.prob         = 1.0f; // set later
 
                     // TODO: set result.probs
@@ -3510,11 +3639,11 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
                     {"value",  (uint64_t) res_metrics->kv_cache_tokens_count}
             },{
                     {"name",  "requests_processing"},
-                    {"help",  "Number of request processing."},
+                    {"help",  "Number of requests processing."},
                     {"value",  (uint64_t) res_metrics->n_processing_slots}
             },{
                     {"name",  "requests_deferred"},
-                    {"help",  "Number of request deferred."},
+                    {"help",  "Number of requests deferred."},
                     {"value",  (uint64_t) res_metrics->n_tasks_deferred}
             }}}
         };
@@ -3656,9 +3785,14 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
             { "default_generation_settings", ctx_server.default_generation_settings_for_props },
             { "total_slots",                 ctx_server.params_base.n_parallel },
             { "model_path",                  ctx_server.params_base.model },
-            { "chat_template",               common_get_builtin_chat_template(ctx_server.model) },
+            { "chat_template",               ctx_server.chat_templates.template_default->source() },
+            { "bos_token",                   ctx_server.chat_templates.template_default->bos_token() },
+            { "eos_token",                   ctx_server.chat_templates.template_default->eos_token() },
             { "build_info",                  build_info },
         };
+        if (ctx_server.params_base.use_jinja && ctx_server.chat_templates.template_tool_use) {
+            data["chat_template_tool_use"] = ctx_server.chat_templates.template_tool_use->source();
+        }
 
         res_ok(res, data);
     };
@@ -3695,7 +3829,9 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         std::vector<server_task> tasks;
 
         try {
-            std::vector<llama_tokens> tokenized_prompts = tokenize_input_prompts(ctx_server.vocab, data.at("prompt"), true, true);
+            const auto & prompt = data.at("prompt");
+            LOG_DBG("Prompt: %s\n", prompt.is_string() ? prompt.get<std::string>().c_str() : prompt.dump(2).c_str());
+            std::vector<llama_tokens> tokenized_prompts = tokenize_input_prompts(ctx_server.vocab, prompt, true, true);
             tasks.reserve(tokenized_prompts.size());
             for (size_t i = 0; i < tokenized_prompts.size(); i++) {
                 server_task task = server_task(type);
@@ -3711,8 +3847,8 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
                 task.id_selected_slot = json_value(data, "id_slot", -1);
 
                 // OAI-compat
-                task.params.oaicompat         = oaicompat;
-                task.params.oaicompat_cmpl_id = completion_id;
+                task.params.oaicompat                 = oaicompat;
+                task.params.oaicompat_cmpl_id         = completion_id;
                 // oaicompat_model is already populated by params_from_json_cmpl
 
                 tasks.push_back(task);
@@ -3881,12 +4017,15 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     };
 
     const auto handle_chat_completions = [&ctx_server, &params, &res_error, &handle_completions_impl](const httplib::Request & req, httplib::Response & res) {
+        LOG_DBG("request: %s\n", req.body.c_str());
         if (ctx_server.params_base.embedding) {
             res_error(res, format_error_response("This server does not support completions. Start it without `--embeddings`", ERROR_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED));
             return;
         }
 
-        json data = oaicompat_chat_completion_params_parse(ctx_server.model, json::parse(req.body), params.chat_template);
+        auto body = json::parse(req.body);
+        json data = oaicompat_completion_params_parse(body, params.use_jinja, ctx_server.chat_templates);
+
         return handle_completions_impl(
             SERVER_TASK_TYPE_COMPLETION,
             data,
@@ -3895,6 +4034,13 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
             OAICOMPAT_TYPE_CHAT);
     };
 
+    // same with handle_chat_completions, but without inference part
+    const auto handle_apply_template = [&ctx_server, &params, &res_ok](const httplib::Request & req, httplib::Response & res) {
+        auto body = json::parse(req.body);
+        json data = oaicompat_completion_params_parse(body, params.use_jinja, ctx_server.chat_templates);
+        res_ok(res, {{ "prompt", std::move(data.at("prompt")) }});
+    };
+
     const auto handle_models = [&params, &ctx_server, &res_ok](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response & res) {
         json models = {
             {"object", "list"},
@@ -4229,6 +4375,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     svr->Post("/v1/reranking",        handle_rerank);
     svr->Post("/tokenize",            handle_tokenize);
     svr->Post("/detokenize",          handle_detokenize);
+    svr->Post("/apply-template",      handle_apply_template);
     // LoRA adapters hotswap
     svr->Get ("/lora-adapters",       handle_lora_adapters_list);
     svr->Post("/lora-adapters",       handle_lora_adapters_apply);
@@ -4294,24 +4441,18 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 
     LOG_INF("%s: model loaded\n", __func__);
 
-    // if a custom chat template is not supplied, we will use the one that comes with the model (if any)
-    if (params.chat_template.empty()) {
-        if (!ctx_server.validate_builtin_chat_template()) {
-            LOG_WRN("%s: The chat template that comes with this model is not yet supported, falling back to chatml. This may cause the model to output suboptimal responses\n", __func__);
-            params.chat_template = "chatml";
-        }
-    }
-
     // print sample chat example to make it clear which template is used
     LOG_INF("%s: chat template, chat_template: %s, example_format: '%s'\n", __func__,
-        params.chat_template.empty() ? "(built-in)" : params.chat_template.c_str(),
-        common_chat_format_example(ctx_server.model, params.chat_template).c_str());
+        ctx_server.chat_templates.template_default->source().c_str(),
+        common_chat_format_example(*ctx_server.chat_templates.template_default, ctx_server.params_base.use_jinja).c_str());
 
-    ctx_server.queue_tasks.on_new_task(std::bind(
-                &server_context::process_single_task, &ctx_server, std::placeholders::_1));
+    ctx_server.queue_tasks.on_new_task([&ctx_server](const server_task & task) {
+        ctx_server.process_single_task(task);
+    });
 
-    ctx_server.queue_tasks.on_update_slots(std::bind(
-                &server_context::update_slots, &ctx_server));
+    ctx_server.queue_tasks.on_update_slots([&ctx_server]() {
+        ctx_server.update_slots();
+    });
 
     shutdown_handler = [&](int) {
         ctx_server.queue_tasks.terminate();
diff --git a/examples/server/tests/README.md b/examples/server/tests/README.md
index 5787276aba..1de0eb30e8 100644
--- a/examples/server/tests/README.md
+++ b/examples/server/tests/README.md
@@ -31,8 +31,9 @@ It's possible to override some scenario steps values with environment variables:
 | `LLAMA_SERVER_BIN_PATH`  | to change the server binary path, default: `../../../build/bin/llama-server`                         |
 | `DEBUG`                  | to enable steps and server verbose mode `--verbose`                                       |
 | `N_GPU_LAYERS`           | number of model layers to offload to VRAM `-ngl --n-gpu-layers`                                |
+| `LLAMA_CACHE`            | by default server tests re-download models to the `tmp` subfolder. Set this to your cache (e.g. `$HOME/Library/Caches/llama.cpp` on Mac or `$HOME/.cache/llama.cpp` on Unix) to avoid this |
 
-To run slow tests:
+To run slow tests (will download many models, make sure to set `LLAMA_CACHE` if needed):
 
 ```shell
 SLOW_TESTS=1 ./tests.sh
@@ -44,10 +45,16 @@ To run with stdout/stderr display in real time (verbose output, but useful for d
 DEBUG=1 ./tests.sh -s -v -x
 ```
 
-To run single test unit:
+To run all the tests in a file:
 
 ```shell
-./tests.sh unit/test_{name of test case here}.py -v -x
+./tests.sh unit/test_chat_completion.py.py -v -x
+```
+
+To run a single test:
+
+```shell
+./tests.sh unit/test_chat_completion.py::test_invalid_chat_completion_req
 ```
 
 Hint: You can compile and run test in single command, useful for local developement:
diff --git a/examples/server/tests/pytest.ini b/examples/server/tests/pytest.ini
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6df308df74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/server/tests/pytest.ini
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[pytest]
+markers =
+    slow: marks tests as slow (deselect with '-m "not slow"')
+    serial
diff --git a/examples/server/tests/tests.sh b/examples/server/tests/tests.sh
index 1e0777de36..33fa8cc646 100755
--- a/examples/server/tests/tests.sh
+++ b/examples/server/tests/tests.sh
@@ -6,9 +6,18 @@ cd $SCRIPT_DIR
 
 set -eu
 
+if [[ "${SLOW_TESTS:-0}" == 1 ]]; then
+    # Slow tests for tool calls need quite a few models ahead of time to avoid timing out.
+    python $SCRIPT_DIR/../../../scripts/fetch_server_test_models.py
+fi
+
 if [ $# -lt 1 ]
 then
-    pytest -v -x
+    if [[ "${SLOW_TESTS:-0}" == 1 ]]; then
+        pytest -v -x
+    else
+        pytest -v -x -m "not slow"
+    fi
 else
     pytest "$@"
 fi
diff --git a/examples/server/tests/unit/test_chat_completion.py b/examples/server/tests/unit/test_chat_completion.py
index b15dba6eba..f5d8b0572d 100644
--- a/examples/server/tests/unit/test_chat_completion.py
+++ b/examples/server/tests/unit/test_chat_completion.py
@@ -2,24 +2,28 @@ import pytest
 from openai import OpenAI
 from utils import *
 
-server = ServerPreset.tinyllama2()
+server: ServerProcess
 
-
-@pytest.fixture(scope="module", autouse=True)
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
 def create_server():
     global server
     server = ServerPreset.tinyllama2()
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "model,system_prompt,user_prompt,max_tokens,re_content,n_prompt,n_predicted,finish_reason",
+    "model,system_prompt,user_prompt,max_tokens,re_content,n_prompt,n_predicted,finish_reason,jinja,chat_template",
     [
-        (None, "Book", "What is the best book", 8, "(Suddenly)+", 77, 8, "length"),
-        ("codellama70b", "You are a coding assistant.", "Write the fibonacci function in c++.", 128, "(Aside|she|felter|alonger)+", 104, 64, "length"),
+        (None, "Book", "What is the best book", 8, "(Suddenly)+|\\{ \" Sarax.", 77, 8, "length", False, None),
+        (None, "Book", "What is the best book", 8, "(Suddenly)+|\\{ \" Sarax.", 77, 8, "length", True, None),
+        (None, "Book", "What is the best book", 8, "^ blue", 23, 8, "length", True, "This is not a chat template, it is"),
+        ("codellama70b", "You are a coding assistant.", "Write the fibonacci function in c++.", 128, "(Aside|she|felter|alonger)+", 104, 64, "length", False, None),
+        ("codellama70b", "You are a coding assistant.", "Write the fibonacci function in c++.", 128, "(Aside|she|felter|alonger)+", 104, 64, "length", True, None),
     ]
 )
-def test_chat_completion(model, system_prompt, user_prompt, max_tokens, re_content, n_prompt, n_predicted, finish_reason):
+def test_chat_completion(model, system_prompt, user_prompt, max_tokens, re_content, n_prompt, n_predicted, finish_reason, jinja, chat_template):
     global server
+    server.jinja = jinja
+    server.chat_template = chat_template
     server.start()
     res = server.make_request("POST", "/chat/completions", data={
         "model": model,
@@ -117,6 +121,21 @@ def test_chat_template():
     assert res.body["__verbose"]["prompt"] == "<s> <|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|>\n\nBook<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nWhat is the best book<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n"
 
 
+def test_apply_chat_template():
+    global server
+    server.chat_template = "command-r"
+    server.start()
+    res = server.make_request("POST", "/apply-template", data={
+        "messages": [
+            {"role": "system", "content": "You are a test."},
+            {"role": "user", "content":"Hi there"},
+        ]
+    })
+    assert res.status_code == 200
+    assert "prompt" in res.body
+    assert res.body["prompt"] == "<|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|SYSTEM_TOKEN|>You are a test.<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|USER_TOKEN|>Hi there<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|CHATBOT_TOKEN|>"
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("response_format,n_predicted,re_content", [
     ({"type": "json_object", "schema": {"const": "42"}}, 6, "\"42\""),
     ({"type": "json_object", "schema": {"items": [{"type": "integer"}]}}, 10, "[ -3000 ]"),
diff --git a/examples/server/tests/unit/test_completion.py b/examples/server/tests/unit/test_completion.py
index c1fc124627..0ed5b99bef 100644
--- a/examples/server/tests/unit/test_completion.py
+++ b/examples/server/tests/unit/test_completion.py
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def test_completion_stream_vs_non_stream():
     assert content_stream == res_non_stream.body["content"]
 
 
-def test_completion_stream_with_openai_library():
+def test_completion_with_openai_library():
     global server
     server.start()
     client = OpenAI(api_key="dummy", base_url=f"http://{server.server_host}:{server.server_port}/v1")
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ def test_completion_stream_with_openai_library():
     assert match_regex("(going|bed)+", res.choices[0].text)
 
 
-def test_completion_with_openai_library():
+def test_completion_stream_with_openai_library():
     global server
     server.start()
     client = OpenAI(api_key="dummy", base_url=f"http://{server.server_host}:{server.server_port}/v1")
diff --git a/examples/server/tests/unit/test_tool_call.py b/examples/server/tests/unit/test_tool_call.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e6ed9c9bec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/server/tests/unit/test_tool_call.py
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+import pytest
+from utils import *
+
+server: ServerProcess
+
+TIMEOUT_SERVER_START = 15*60
+TIMEOUT_HTTP_REQUEST = 60
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def create_server():
+    global server
+    server = ServerPreset.tinyllama2()
+    server.model_alias = "tinyllama-2-tool-call"
+    server.server_port = 8081
+
+
+TEST_TOOL = {
+    "type":"function",
+    "function": {
+        "name": "test",
+        "description": "",
+        "parameters": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "success": {"type": "boolean", "const": True},
+            },
+            "required": ["success"]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+PYTHON_TOOL = {
+    "type": "function",
+    "function": {
+        "name": "python",
+        "description": "Runs code in an ipython interpreter and returns the result of the execution after 60 seconds.",
+        "parameters": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+                "code": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "description": "The code to run in the ipython interpreter."
+                }
+            },
+            "required": ["code"]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+WEATHER_TOOL = {
+  "type":"function",
+  "function":{
+    "name":"get_current_weather",
+    "description":"Get the current weather in a given location",
+    "parameters":{
+      "type":"object",
+      "properties":{
+        "location":{
+          "type":"string",
+          "description":"The city and country/state, e.g. 'San Francisco, CA', or 'Paris, France'"
+        }
+      },
+      "required":["location"]
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+def do_test_completion_with_required_tool_tiny(template_name: str, tool: dict, argument_key: str | None):
+    n_predict = 512
+    global server
+    # server = ServerPreset.stories15m_moe()
+    server.jinja = True
+    server.n_predict = n_predict
+    server.chat_template_file = f'../../../models/templates/{template_name}.jinja'
+    server.start(timeout_seconds=TIMEOUT_SERVER_START)
+    res = server.make_request("POST", "/chat/completions", data={
+        "max_tokens": n_predict,
+        "messages": [
+            {"role": "system", "content": "You are a coding assistant."},
+            {"role": "user", "content": "Write an example"},
+        ],
+        "tool_choice": "required",
+        "tools": [tool],
+        "parallel_tool_calls": False,
+        "temperature": 0.0,
+        "top_k": 1,
+        "top_p": 1.0,
+    })
+    assert res.status_code == 200, f"Expected status code 200, got {res.status_code}"
+    choice = res.body["choices"][0]
+    tool_calls = choice["message"].get("tool_calls")
+    assert tool_calls and len(tool_calls) == 1, f'Expected 1 tool call in {choice["message"]}'
+    tool_call = tool_calls[0]
+    expected_function_name = "python" if tool["type"] == "code_interpreter" else tool["function"]["name"]
+    assert expected_function_name == tool_call["function"]["name"]
+    actual_arguments = tool_call["function"]["arguments"]
+    assert isinstance(actual_arguments, str)
+    if argument_key is not None:
+        actual_arguments = json.loads(actual_arguments)
+        assert argument_key in actual_arguments, f"tool arguments: {json.dumps(actual_arguments)}, expected: {argument_key}"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("template_name,tool,argument_key", [
+    ("google-gemma-2-2b-it",                          TEST_TOOL,            "success"),
+    ("meta-llama-Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct",             TEST_TOOL,            "success"),
+    ("meta-llama-Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct",             PYTHON_TOOL,          "code"),
+])
+def test_completion_with_required_tool_tiny_fast(template_name: str, tool: dict, argument_key: str | None):
+    do_test_completion_with_required_tool_tiny(template_name, tool, argument_key)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.slow
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("template_name,tool,argument_key", [
+    ("meta-llama-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct",              TEST_TOOL,            "success"),
+    ("meta-llama-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct",              PYTHON_TOOL,          "code"),
+    ("meetkai-functionary-medium-v3.1",               TEST_TOOL,            "success"),
+    ("meetkai-functionary-medium-v3.1",               PYTHON_TOOL,          "code"),
+    ("meetkai-functionary-medium-v3.2",               TEST_TOOL,            "success"),
+    ("meetkai-functionary-medium-v3.2",               PYTHON_TOOL,          "code"),
+    ("NousResearch-Hermes-2-Pro-Llama-3-8B-tool_use", TEST_TOOL,            "success"),
+    ("NousResearch-Hermes-2-Pro-Llama-3-8B-tool_use", PYTHON_TOOL,          "code"),
+    ("meta-llama-Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct",              TEST_TOOL,            "success"),
+    ("meta-llama-Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct",              PYTHON_TOOL,          "code"),
+    ("mistralai-Mistral-Nemo-Instruct-2407",          TEST_TOOL,            "success"),
+    ("mistralai-Mistral-Nemo-Instruct-2407",          PYTHON_TOOL,          "code"),
+    ("NousResearch-Hermes-3-Llama-3.1-8B-tool_use",   TEST_TOOL,            "success"),
+    ("NousResearch-Hermes-3-Llama-3.1-8B-tool_use",   PYTHON_TOOL,          "code"),
+    ("deepseek-ai-DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B",      TEST_TOOL,            "success"),
+    ("deepseek-ai-DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B",      PYTHON_TOOL,          "code"),
+    ("fireworks-ai-llama-3-firefunction-v2",          TEST_TOOL,            "success"),
+    ("fireworks-ai-llama-3-firefunction-v2",          PYTHON_TOOL,          "code"),
+])
+def test_completion_with_required_tool_tiny_slow(template_name: str, tool: dict, argument_key: str | None):
+    do_test_completion_with_required_tool_tiny(template_name, tool, argument_key)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.slow
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("tool,argument_key,hf_repo,template_override", [
+    (TEST_TOOL,    "success",  "bartowski/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M", None),
+    (PYTHON_TOOL,  "code",     "bartowski/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M", None),
+    (TEST_TOOL,    "success",  "bartowski/gemma-2-2b-it-GGUF:Q4_K_M",              None),
+    (PYTHON_TOOL,  "code",     "bartowski/gemma-2-2b-it-GGUF:Q4_K_M",              None),
+    (TEST_TOOL,    "success",  "bartowski/Phi-3.5-mini-instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M",      None),
+    (PYTHON_TOOL,  "code",     "bartowski/Phi-3.5-mini-instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M",      None),
+    (TEST_TOOL,    "success",  "bartowski/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M",        None),
+    (PYTHON_TOOL,  "code",     "bartowski/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M",        None),
+    (TEST_TOOL,    "success",  "bartowski/Hermes-2-Pro-Llama-3-8B-GGUF:Q4_K_M", ("NousResearch/Hermes-2-Pro-Llama-3-8B", "tool_use")),
+    (PYTHON_TOOL,  "code",     "bartowski/Hermes-2-Pro-Llama-3-8B-GGUF:Q4_K_M", ("NousResearch/Hermes-2-Pro-Llama-3-8B", "tool_use")),
+    (TEST_TOOL,    "success",  "bartowski/Hermes-3-Llama-3.1-8B-GGUF:Q4_K_M",   ("NousResearch/Hermes-3-Llama-3.1-8B", "tool_use")),
+    (PYTHON_TOOL,  "code",     "bartowski/Hermes-3-Llama-3.1-8B-GGUF:Q4_K_M",   ("NousResearch/Hermes-3-Llama-3.1-8B", "tool_use")),
+    (TEST_TOOL,    "success",  "bartowski/Mistral-Nemo-Instruct-2407-GGUF:Q4_K_M", None),
+    (PYTHON_TOOL,  "code",     "bartowski/Mistral-Nemo-Instruct-2407-GGUF:Q4_K_M", None),
+    (TEST_TOOL,    "success",  "bartowski/functionary-small-v3.2-GGUF:Q8_0",       ("meetkai/functionary-medium-v3.2", None)),
+    (PYTHON_TOOL,  "code",     "bartowski/functionary-small-v3.2-GGUF:Q8_0",       ("meetkai/functionary-medium-v3.2", None)),
+    (TEST_TOOL,    "success",  "bartowski/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M",      ("meta-llama/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct", None)),
+    (PYTHON_TOOL,  "code",     "bartowski/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M",      ("meta-llama/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct", None)),
+    (TEST_TOOL,    "success",  "bartowski/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M",      ("meta-llama/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct", None)),
+    (PYTHON_TOOL,  "code",     "bartowski/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M",      ("meta-llama/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct", None)),
+    # TODO: fix these
+    # (TEST_TOOL,    "success",  "bartowski/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B-GGUF:Q4_K_M", None),
+    # (PYTHON_TOOL,  "code",     "bartowski/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B-GGUF:Q4_K_M", None),
+])
+def test_completion_with_required_tool_real_model(tool: dict, argument_key: str | None, hf_repo: str, template_override: Tuple[str, str | None] | None):
+    n_predict = 512
+    server.n_slots = 1
+    server.jinja = True
+    server.n_ctx = 8192
+    server.n_predict = n_predict
+    server.model_hf_repo = hf_repo
+    server.model_hf_file = None
+    if template_override:
+        (template_hf_repo, template_variant) = template_override
+        server.chat_template_file = f"../../../models/templates/{template_hf_repo.replace('/', '-') + ('-' + template_variant if template_variant else '')}.jinja"
+        assert os.path.exists(server.chat_template_file), f"Template file {server.chat_template_file} does not exist. Run `python scripts/get_chat_template.py {template_hf_repo} {template_variant} > {server.chat_template_file}` to download the template."
+    server.start(timeout_seconds=TIMEOUT_SERVER_START)
+    res = server.make_request("POST", "/chat/completions", data={
+        "max_tokens": n_predict,
+        "messages": [
+            {"role": "system", "content": "You are a coding assistant."},
+            {"role": "user", "content": "Write an example"},
+        ],
+        "tool_choice": "required",
+        "tools": [tool],
+        "parallel_tool_calls": False,
+        "temperature": 0.0,
+        "top_k": 1,
+        "top_p": 1.0,
+    }, timeout=TIMEOUT_HTTP_REQUEST)
+    assert res.status_code == 200, f"Expected status code 200, got {res.status_code}"
+    choice = res.body["choices"][0]
+    tool_calls = choice["message"].get("tool_calls")
+    assert tool_calls and len(tool_calls) == 1, f'Expected 1 tool call in {choice["message"]}'
+    tool_call = tool_calls[0]
+    expected_function_name = "python" if tool["type"] == "code_interpreter" else tool["function"]["name"]
+    assert expected_function_name == tool_call["function"]["name"]
+    actual_arguments = tool_call["function"]["arguments"]
+    assert isinstance(actual_arguments, str)
+    if argument_key is not None:
+        actual_arguments = json.loads(actual_arguments)
+        assert argument_key in actual_arguments, f"tool arguments: {json.dumps(actual_arguments)}, expected: {argument_key}"
+
+
+def do_test_completion_without_tool_call(template_name: str, n_predict: int, tools: list[dict], tool_choice: str | None):
+    global server
+    server.jinja = True
+    server.n_predict = n_predict
+    server.chat_template_file = f'../../../models/templates/{template_name}.jinja'
+    server.start(timeout_seconds=TIMEOUT_SERVER_START)
+    res = server.make_request("POST", "/chat/completions", data={
+        "max_tokens": n_predict,
+        "messages": [
+            {"role": "system", "content": "You are a coding assistant."},
+            {"role": "user", "content": "say hello world with python"},
+        ],
+        "tools": tools if tools else None,
+        "tool_choice": tool_choice,
+        "temperature": 0.0,
+        "top_k": 1,
+        "top_p": 1.0,
+    }, timeout=TIMEOUT_HTTP_REQUEST)
+    assert res.status_code == 200, f"Expected status code 200, got {res.status_code}"
+    choice = res.body["choices"][0]
+    assert choice["message"].get("tool_calls") is None, f'Expected no tool call in {choice["message"]}'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("template_name,n_predict,tools,tool_choice", [
+    ("meta-llama-Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct",         128, [],            None),
+    ("meta-llama-Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct",         128, [TEST_TOOL],   None),
+    ("meta-llama-Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct",         128, [PYTHON_TOOL], 'none'),
+])
+def test_completion_without_tool_call_fast(template_name: str, n_predict: int, tools: list[dict], tool_choice: str | None):
+    do_test_completion_without_tool_call(template_name, n_predict, tools, tool_choice)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.slow
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("template_name,n_predict,tools,tool_choice", [
+    ("meetkai-functionary-medium-v3.2",               256, [],            None),
+    ("meetkai-functionary-medium-v3.2",               256, [TEST_TOOL],   None),
+    ("meetkai-functionary-medium-v3.2",               256, [PYTHON_TOOL], 'none'),
+    ("meetkai-functionary-medium-v3.1",               256, [],            None),
+    ("meetkai-functionary-medium-v3.1",               256, [TEST_TOOL],   None),
+    ("meetkai-functionary-medium-v3.1",               256, [PYTHON_TOOL], 'none'),
+    ("meta-llama-Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct",              256, [],            None),
+    ("meta-llama-Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct",              256, [TEST_TOOL],   None),
+    ("meta-llama-Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct",              256, [PYTHON_TOOL], 'none'),
+])
+def test_completion_without_tool_call_slow(template_name: str, n_predict: int, tools: list[dict], tool_choice: str | None):
+    do_test_completion_without_tool_call(template_name, n_predict, tools, tool_choice)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.slow
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("hf_repo,template_override", [
+    ("bartowski/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M", None),
+    ("bartowski/gemma-2-2b-it-GGUF:Q4_K_M",              None),
+    ("bartowski/Phi-3.5-mini-instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M",      None),
+    ("bartowski/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M",        None),
+    ("bartowski/Hermes-2-Pro-Llama-3-8B-GGUF:Q4_K_M", ("NousResearch/Hermes-2-Pro-Llama-3-8B", "tool_use")),
+    ("bartowski/Hermes-3-Llama-3.1-8B-GGUF:Q4_K_M",   ("NousResearch/Hermes-3-Llama-3.1-8B", "tool_use")),
+    ("bartowski/Mistral-Nemo-Instruct-2407-GGUF:Q4_K_M", None),
+    ("bartowski/functionary-small-v3.2-GGUF:Q8_0",       ("meetkai/functionary-medium-v3.2", None)),
+    ("bartowski/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M",      ("meta-llama/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct", None)),
+    # ("bartowski/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M", ("meta-llama/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct", None)),
+    # ("bartowski/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B-GGUF:Q4_K_M", None),
+])
+def test_weather_tool_call(hf_repo: str, template_override: Tuple[str, str | None] | None):
+    global server
+    server.n_slots = 1
+    server.jinja = True
+    server.n_ctx = 8192
+    server.n_predict = 512
+    server.model_hf_repo = hf_repo
+    server.model_hf_file = None
+    if template_override:
+        (template_hf_repo, template_variant) = template_override
+        server.chat_template_file = f"../../../models/templates/{template_hf_repo.replace('/', '-') + ('-' + template_variant if template_variant else '')}.jinja"
+        assert os.path.exists(server.chat_template_file), f"Template file {server.chat_template_file} does not exist. Run `python scripts/get_chat_template.py {template_hf_repo} {template_variant} > {server.chat_template_file}` to download the template."
+    server.start(timeout_seconds=TIMEOUT_SERVER_START)
+    res = server.make_request("POST", "/chat/completions", data={
+        "max_tokens": 256,
+        "messages": [
+            {"role": "user", "content": "What is the weather in Istanbul?"},
+        ],
+        "tools": [WEATHER_TOOL],
+    }, timeout=TIMEOUT_HTTP_REQUEST)
+    assert res.status_code == 200, f"Expected status code 200, got {res.status_code}"
+    choice = res.body["choices"][0]
+    tool_calls = choice["message"].get("tool_calls")
+    assert tool_calls and len(tool_calls) == 1, f'Expected 1 tool call in {choice["message"]}'
+    tool_call = tool_calls[0]
+    assert tool_call["function"]["name"] == WEATHER_TOOL["function"]["name"]
+    actual_arguments = json.loads(tool_call["function"]["arguments"])
+    assert 'location' in actual_arguments, f"location not found in {json.dumps(actual_arguments)}"
+    location = actual_arguments["location"]
+    assert isinstance(location, str), f"Expected location to be a string, got {type(location)}: {json.dumps(location)}"
+    assert re.match('^Istanbul(, (TR|Turkey|Türkiye))?$', location), f'Expected Istanbul for location, got {location}'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.slow
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("expected_arguments_override,hf_repo,template_override", [
+    (None,                 "bartowski/gemma-2-2b-it-GGUF:Q4_K_M",              None),
+    (None,                 "bartowski/Phi-3.5-mini-instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M",      None),
+    (None,                 "bartowski/functionary-small-v3.2-GGUF:Q8_0",       ("meetkai-functionary-medium-v3.2", None)),
+    ('{"code":"print("}',  "bartowski/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M", None),
+    (None,                 "bartowski/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M",      ("meta-llama-Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct", None)),
+    ('{"code":"print("}',  "bartowski/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M",      ("meta-llama-Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct", None)),
+    (None,                 "bartowski/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M",        None),
+    (None,                 "bartowski/Hermes-2-Pro-Llama-3-8B-GGUF:Q4_K_M",      ("NousResearch/Hermes-2-Pro-Llama-3-8B", "tool_use")),
+    (None,                 "bartowski/Hermes-3-Llama-3.1-8B-GGUF:Q4_K_M",   ("NousResearch-Hermes-3-Llama-3.1-8B", "tool_use")),
+    (None,                 "bartowski/Mistral-Nemo-Instruct-2407-GGUF:Q4_K_M", None),
+    # (None,                 "bartowski/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B-GGUF:Q4_K_M", None),
+])
+def test_hello_world_tool_call(expected_arguments_override: str | None, hf_repo: str, template_override: Tuple[str, str | None] | None):
+    global server
+    server.n_slots = 1
+    server.jinja = True
+    server.n_ctx = 8192
+    server.n_predict = 128
+    server.model_hf_repo = hf_repo
+    server.model_hf_file = None
+    if template_override:
+        (template_hf_repo, template_variant) = template_override
+        server.chat_template_file = f"../../../models/templates/{template_hf_repo.replace('/', '-') + ('-' + template_variant if template_variant else '')}.jinja"
+        assert os.path.exists(server.chat_template_file), f"Template file {server.chat_template_file} does not exist. Run `python scripts/get_chat_template.py {template_hf_repo} {template_variant} > {server.chat_template_file}` to download the template."
+    server.start(timeout_seconds=TIMEOUT_SERVER_START)
+    res = server.make_request("POST", "/chat/completions", data={
+        "max_tokens": 256,
+        "messages": [
+            {"role": "system", "content": "You are a coding assistant."},
+            {"role": "user", "content": "say hello world with python"},
+        ],
+        "tools": [PYTHON_TOOL],
+        # Note: without these greedy params, Functionary v3.2 writes `def hello_world():\n    print("Hello, World!")\nhello_world()` which is correct but a pain to test.
+        "temperature": 0.0,
+        "top_k": 1,
+        "top_p": 1.0,
+    }, timeout=TIMEOUT_HTTP_REQUEST)
+    assert res.status_code == 200, f"Expected status code 200, got {res.status_code}"
+    choice = res.body["choices"][0]
+    tool_calls = choice["message"].get("tool_calls")
+    assert tool_calls and len(tool_calls) == 1, f'Expected 1 tool call in {choice["message"]}'
+    tool_call = tool_calls[0]
+    assert tool_call["function"]["name"] == PYTHON_TOOL["function"]["name"]
+    actual_arguments = tool_call["function"]["arguments"]
+    if expected_arguments_override is not None:
+        assert actual_arguments == expected_arguments_override
+    else:
+        actual_arguments = json.loads(actual_arguments)
+        assert 'code' in actual_arguments, f"code not found in {json.dumps(actual_arguments)}"
+        code = actual_arguments["code"]
+        assert isinstance(code, str), f"Expected code to be a string, got {type(code)}: {json.dumps(code)}"
+        assert re.match(r'''print\(("[Hh]ello,? [Ww]orld!?"|'[Hh]ello,? [Ww]orld!?')\)''', code), f'Expected hello world, got {code}'
diff --git a/examples/server/tests/utils.py b/examples/server/tests/utils.py
index 73be4c92f0..ce06806620 100644
--- a/examples/server/tests/utils.py
+++ b/examples/server/tests/utils.py
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ from re import RegexFlag
 import wget
 
 
+DEFAULT_HTTP_TIMEOUT = 12 if "LLAMA_SANITIZE" not in os.environ else 30
+
+
 class ServerResponse:
     headers: dict
     status_code: int
@@ -38,7 +41,7 @@ class ServerProcess:
     server_port: int = 8080
     server_host: str = "127.0.0.1"
     model_hf_repo: str = "ggml-org/models"
-    model_hf_file: str = "tinyllamas/stories260K.gguf"
+    model_hf_file: str | None = "tinyllamas/stories260K.gguf"
     model_alias: str = "tinyllama-2"
     temperature: float = 0.8
     seed: int = 42
@@ -69,13 +72,14 @@ class ServerProcess:
     pooling: str | None = None
     draft: int | None = None
     api_key: str | None = None
-    response_format: str | None = None
     lora_files: List[str] | None = None
     disable_ctx_shift: int | None = False
     draft_min: int | None = None
     draft_max: int | None = None
     no_webui: bool | None = None
+    jinja: bool | None = None
     chat_template: str | None = None
+    chat_template_file: str | None = None
 
     # session variables
     process: subprocess.Popen | None = None
@@ -88,7 +92,7 @@ class ServerProcess:
         if "PORT" in os.environ:
             self.server_port = int(os.environ["PORT"])
 
-    def start(self, timeout_seconds: int = 10) -> None:
+    def start(self, timeout_seconds: int | None = DEFAULT_HTTP_TIMEOUT) -> None:
         if "LLAMA_SERVER_BIN_PATH" in os.environ:
             server_path = os.environ["LLAMA_SERVER_BIN_PATH"]
         elif os.name == "nt":
@@ -166,8 +170,12 @@ class ServerProcess:
             server_args.extend(["--draft-min", self.draft_min])
         if self.no_webui:
             server_args.append("--no-webui")
+        if self.jinja:
+            server_args.append("--jinja")
         if self.chat_template:
             server_args.extend(["--chat-template", self.chat_template])
+        if self.chat_template_file:
+            server_args.extend(["--chat-template-file", self.chat_template_file])
 
         args = [str(arg) for arg in [server_path, *server_args]]
         print(f"bench: starting server with: {' '.join(args)}")
@@ -183,7 +191,7 @@ class ServerProcess:
             creationflags=flags,
             stdout=sys.stdout,
             stderr=sys.stdout,
-            env={**os.environ, "LLAMA_CACHE": "tmp"},
+            env={**os.environ, "LLAMA_CACHE": "tmp"} if "LLAMA_CACHE" not in os.environ else None,
         )
         server_instances.add(self)
 
diff --git a/examples/server/utils.hpp b/examples/server/utils.hpp
index 699480f904..bfe623c4c3 100644
--- a/examples/server/utils.hpp
+++ b/examples/server/utils.hpp
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 // Change JSON_ASSERT from assert() to GGML_ASSERT:
 #define JSON_ASSERT GGML_ASSERT
 #include "json.hpp"
+#include "minja.hpp"
+#include "chat.hpp"
+#include "chat-template.hpp"
 
 #include <random>
 #include <sstream>
@@ -349,7 +352,7 @@ static llama_tokens format_infill(
 }
 
 // Format given chat. If tmpl is empty, we take the template from model metadata
-inline std::string format_chat(const struct llama_model * model, const std::string & tmpl, const std::vector<json> & messages) {
+inline std::string format_chat(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const std::vector<json> & messages) {
     std::vector<common_chat_msg> chat;
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < messages.size(); ++i) {
@@ -374,10 +377,10 @@ inline std::string format_chat(const struct llama_model * model, const std::stri
             throw std::runtime_error("Missing 'content' (ref: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/issues/8367)");
         }
 
-        chat.push_back({role, content});
+        chat.push_back({role, content, /* tool_calls= */ {}});
     }
 
-    const auto formatted_chat = common_chat_apply_template(model, tmpl, chat, true);
+    const auto formatted_chat = common_chat_apply_template(tmpl, chat, true, /* use_jinja= */ false);
     LOG_DBG("formatted_chat: '%s'\n", formatted_chat.c_str());
 
     return formatted_chat;
@@ -576,14 +579,32 @@ static json oaicompat_completion_params_parse(const json & body) {
     return llama_params;
 }
 
-static json oaicompat_chat_completion_params_parse(
-        const struct llama_model * model,
-        const json & body, /* openai api json semantics */
-        const std::string & chat_template) {
+static json oaicompat_completion_params_parse(
+    const json & body, /* openai api json semantics */
+    bool use_jinja,
+    const common_chat_templates & chat_templates)
+{
     json llama_params;
+    const auto & tmpl = body.contains("tools") && chat_templates.template_tool_use
+        ? *chat_templates.template_tool_use
+        : *chat_templates.template_default;
 
-    // Apply chat template to the list of messages
-    llama_params["prompt"] = format_chat(model, chat_template, body.at("messages"));
+    auto tools = json_value(body, "tools", json());
+    auto stream = json_value(body, "stream", false);
+
+    if (tools.is_array() && !tools.empty()) {
+        if (stream) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Cannot use tools with stream");
+        }
+        if (!use_jinja) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("tools param requires --jinja flag");
+        }
+    }
+    if (!use_jinja) {
+        if (body.contains("tool_choice") && !body.at("tool_choice").is_null()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported param: tool_choice");
+        }
+    }
 
     // Handle "stop" field
     if (body.contains("stop") && body.at("stop").is_string()) {
@@ -606,6 +627,48 @@ static json oaicompat_chat_completion_params_parse(
         }
     }
 
+    // Apply chat template to the list of messages
+    if (use_jinja) {
+        auto tool_choice = json_value(body, "tool_choice", std::string("auto"));
+        if (tool_choice != "none" && tool_choice != "auto" && tool_choice != "required") {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Invalid tool_choice: " + tool_choice);
+        }
+        if (tool_choice != "none" && llama_params.contains("grammar")) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Cannot use custom grammar constraints with tools.");
+        }
+        common_chat_inputs inputs;
+        inputs.messages = body.at("messages");
+        inputs.tools = tools;
+        inputs.tool_choice = tool_choice;
+        inputs.parallel_tool_calls = json_value(body, "parallel_tool_calls", false);
+        if (inputs.parallel_tool_calls && !tmpl.original_caps().supports_parallel_tool_calls) {
+            LOG_DBG("Disabling parallel_tool_calls because the template does not support it\n");
+            inputs.parallel_tool_calls = false;
+        }
+        inputs.stream = stream;
+        // TODO: support mixing schema w/ tools beyond generic format.
+        inputs.json_schema = json_value(llama_params, "json_schema", json());
+        auto chat_params = common_chat_params_init(tmpl, inputs);
+
+        llama_params["chat_format"] = static_cast<int>(chat_params.format);
+        llama_params["prompt"] = chat_params.prompt;
+        llama_params["grammar"] = chat_params.grammar;
+        llama_params["grammar_lazy"] = chat_params.grammar_lazy;
+        auto grammar_triggers = json::array();
+        for (const auto & trigger : chat_params.grammar_triggers) {
+            grammar_triggers.push_back({
+                {"word", trigger.word},
+                {"at_start", trigger.at_start},
+            });
+        }
+        llama_params["grammar_triggers"] = grammar_triggers;
+        for (const auto & stop : chat_params.additional_stops) {
+            llama_params["stop"].push_back(stop);
+        }
+    } else {
+        llama_params["prompt"] = format_chat(tmpl, body.at("messages"));
+    }
+
     // Handle "n" field
     int n_choices = json_value(body, "n", 1);
     if (n_choices != 1) {
@@ -620,14 +683,6 @@ static json oaicompat_chat_completion_params_parse(
         throw std::runtime_error("top_logprobs requires logprobs to be set to true");
     }
 
-    // Params supported by OAI but unsupported by llama.cpp
-    static const std::vector<std::string> unsupported_params { "tools", "tool_choice" };
-    for (const auto & param : unsupported_params) {
-        if (body.contains(param)) {
-            throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported param: " + param);
-        }
-    }
-
     // Copy remaining properties to llama_params
     // This allows user to use llama.cpp-specific params like "mirostat", ... via OAI endpoint.
     // See "launch_slot_with_task()" for a complete list of params supported by llama.cpp
diff --git a/examples/server/webui/index.html b/examples/server/webui/index.html
index 2180ef4ad9..d3893ea4e1 100644
--- a/examples/server/webui/index.html
+++ b/examples/server/webui/index.html
@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@
               :msg="pendingMsg"
               :key="pendingMsg.id"
               :is-generating="isGenerating"
+              :show-thought-in-progress="config.showThoughtInProgress"
               :edit-user-msg-and-regenerate="() => {}"
               :regenerate-msg="() => {}"></message-bubble>
           </div>
@@ -202,6 +203,20 @@
               </template>
             </div>
           </details>
+          <!-- Section: Reasoning models -->
+          <details class="collapse collapse-arrow bg-base-200 mb-2 overflow-visible">
+            <summary class="collapse-title font-bold">Reasoning models</summary>
+            <div class="collapse-content">
+              <div class="flex flex-row items-center mb-2">
+                <input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" v-model="config.showThoughtInProgress" />
+                <span class="ml-4">Expand though process by default for generating message</span>
+              </div>
+              <div class="flex flex-row items-center mb-2">
+                <input type="checkbox" class="checkbox" v-model="config.excludeThoughtOnReq" />
+                <span class="ml-4">Exclude thought process when sending request to API (Recommended for DeepSeek-R1)</span>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </details>
           <!-- Section: Advanced config -->
           <details class="collapse collapse-arrow bg-base-200 mb-2 overflow-visible">
             <summary class="collapse-title font-bold">Advanced config</summary>
@@ -261,7 +276,17 @@
           <span v-if="msg.content === null" class="loading loading-dots loading-md"></span>
           <!-- render message as markdown -->
           <div v-else dir="auto">
-            <vue-markdown :source="msg.content"></vue-markdown>
+            <details v-if="msg.role === 'assistant' && splitMsgContent.cot" class="collapse bg-base-200 collapse-arrow mb-4" :open="splitMsgContent.isThinking && showThoughtInProgress">
+              <summary class="collapse-title">
+                <span v-if="splitMsgContent.isThinking">
+                  <span v-if="isGenerating" class="loading loading-spinner loading-md mr-2" style="vertical-align: middle;"></span>
+                  <b>Thinking</b>
+                </span>
+                <b v-else>Thought Process</b>
+              </summary>
+              <vue-markdown :source="splitMsgContent.cot" dir="auto" class="collapse-content"></vue-markdown>
+            </details>
+            <vue-markdown :source="splitMsgContent.content"></vue-markdown>
           </div>
           <!-- render timings if enabled -->
           <div class="dropdown dropdown-hover dropdown-top mt-2" v-if="timings && config.showTokensPerSecond">
diff --git a/examples/server/webui/src/main.js b/examples/server/webui/src/main.js
index feb741a4ef..90f4ca3680 100644
--- a/examples/server/webui/src/main.js
+++ b/examples/server/webui/src/main.js
@@ -17,6 +17,11 @@ import { asyncIterator } from '@sec-ant/readable-stream/ponyfill/asyncIterator';
 
 const isDev = import.meta.env.MODE === 'development';
 
+// types
+/** @typedef {{ id: number, role: 'user' | 'assistant', content: string, timings: any }} Message */
+/** @typedef {{ role: 'user' | 'assistant', content: string }} APIMessage */
+/** @typedef {{ id: string, lastModified: number, messages: Array<Message> }} Conversation */
+
 // utility functions
 const isString = (x) => !!x.toLowerCase;
 const isBoolean = (x) => x === true || x === false;
@@ -50,6 +55,8 @@ const CONFIG_DEFAULT = {
   apiKey: '',
   systemMessage: 'You are a helpful assistant.',
   showTokensPerSecond: false,
+  showThoughtInProgress: false,
+  excludeThoughtOnReq: true,
   // make sure these default values are in sync with `common.h`
   samplers: 'edkypmxt',
   temperature: 0.8,
@@ -172,6 +179,7 @@ const MessageBubble = defineComponent({
     config: Object,
     msg: Object,
     isGenerating: Boolean,
+    showThoughtInProgress: Boolean,
     editUserMsgAndRegenerate: Function,
     regenerateMsg: Function,
   },
@@ -188,7 +196,31 @@ const MessageBubble = defineComponent({
         prompt_per_second: this.msg.timings.prompt_n / (this.msg.timings.prompt_ms / 1000),
         predicted_per_second: this.msg.timings.predicted_n / (this.msg.timings.predicted_ms / 1000),
       };
-    }
+    },
+    splitMsgContent() {
+      const content = this.msg.content;
+      if (this.msg.role !== 'assistant') {
+        return { content };
+      }
+      let actualContent = '';
+      let cot = '';
+      let isThinking = false;
+      let thinkSplit = content.split('<think>', 2);
+      actualContent += thinkSplit[0];
+      while (thinkSplit[1] !== undefined) {
+        // <think> tag found
+        thinkSplit = thinkSplit[1].split('</think>', 2);
+        cot += thinkSplit[0];
+        isThinking = true;
+        if (thinkSplit[1] !== undefined) {
+          // </think> closing tag found
+          isThinking = false;
+          thinkSplit = thinkSplit[1].split('<think>', 2);
+          actualContent += thinkSplit[0];
+        }
+      }
+      return { content: actualContent, cot, isThinking };
+    },
   },
   methods: {
     copyMsg() {
@@ -208,7 +240,10 @@ const MessageBubble = defineComponent({
 // format: { [convId]: { id: string, lastModified: number, messages: [...] } }
 // convId is a string prefixed with 'conv-'
 const StorageUtils = {
-  // manage conversations
+  /**
+   * manage conversations
+   * @returns {Array<Conversation>}
+   */
   getAllConversations() {
     const res = [];
     for (const key in localStorage) {
@@ -219,11 +254,19 @@ const StorageUtils = {
     res.sort((a, b) => b.lastModified - a.lastModified);
     return res;
   },
-  // can return null if convId does not exist
+  /**
+   * can return null if convId does not exist
+   * @param {string} convId
+   * @returns {Conversation | null}
+   */
   getOneConversation(convId) {
     return JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(convId) || 'null');
   },
-  // if convId does not exist, create one
+  /**
+   * if convId does not exist, create one
+   * @param {string} convId
+   * @param {Message} msg
+   */
   appendMsg(convId, msg) {
     if (msg.content === null) return;
     const conv = StorageUtils.getOneConversation(convId) || {
@@ -235,12 +278,24 @@ const StorageUtils = {
     conv.lastModified = Date.now();
     localStorage.setItem(convId, JSON.stringify(conv));
   },
+  /**
+   * Get new conversation id
+   * @returns {string}
+   */
   getNewConvId() {
     return `conv-${Date.now()}`;
   },
+  /**
+   * remove conversation by id
+   * @param {string} convId
+   */
   remove(convId) {
     localStorage.removeItem(convId);
   },
+  /**
+   * remove all conversations
+   * @param {string} convId
+   */
   filterAndKeepMsgs(convId, predicate) {
     const conv = StorageUtils.getOneConversation(convId);
     if (!conv) return;
@@ -248,6 +303,11 @@ const StorageUtils = {
     conv.lastModified = Date.now();
     localStorage.setItem(convId, JSON.stringify(conv));
   },
+  /**
+   * remove last message from conversation
+   * @param {string} convId
+   * @returns {Message | undefined}
+   */
   popMsg(convId) {
     const conv = StorageUtils.getOneConversation(convId);
     if (!conv) return;
@@ -322,10 +382,12 @@ const mainApp = createApp({
   data() {
     return {
       conversations: StorageUtils.getAllConversations(),
-      messages: [], // { id: number, role: 'user' | 'assistant', content: string }
+      /** @type {Array<Message>} */
+      messages: [],
       viewingConvId: StorageUtils.getNewConvId(),
       inputMsg: '',
       isGenerating: false,
+      /** @type {Array<Message> | null} */
       pendingMsg: null, // the on-going message from assistant
       stopGeneration: () => {},
       selectedTheme: StorageUtils.getTheme(),
@@ -333,6 +395,7 @@ const mainApp = createApp({
       showConfigDialog: false,
       // const
       themes: THEMES,
+      /** @type {CONFIG_DEFAULT} */
       configDefault: {...CONFIG_DEFAULT},
       configInfo: {...CONFIG_INFO},
       isDev,
@@ -425,42 +488,50 @@ const mainApp = createApp({
       this.isGenerating = true;
 
       try {
+        /** @type {CONFIG_DEFAULT} */
+        const config = this.config;
         const abortController = new AbortController();
         this.stopGeneration = () => abortController.abort();
+        /** @type {Array<APIMessage>} */
+        let messages = [
+          { role: 'system', content: config.systemMessage },
+          ...normalizeMsgsForAPI(this.messages),
+        ];
+        if (config.excludeThoughtOnReq) {
+          messages = filterThoughtFromMsgs(messages);
+        }
+        if (isDev) console.log({messages});
         const params = {
-          messages: [
-            { role: 'system', content: this.config.systemMessage },
-            ...this.messages,
-          ],
+          messages,
           stream: true,
           cache_prompt: true,
-          samplers: this.config.samplers,
-          temperature: this.config.temperature,
-          dynatemp_range: this.config.dynatemp_range,
-          dynatemp_exponent: this.config.dynatemp_exponent,
-          top_k: this.config.top_k,
-          top_p: this.config.top_p,
-          min_p: this.config.min_p,
-          typical_p: this.config.typical_p,
-          xtc_probability: this.config.xtc_probability,
-          xtc_threshold: this.config.xtc_threshold,
-          repeat_last_n: this.config.repeat_last_n,
-          repeat_penalty: this.config.repeat_penalty,
-          presence_penalty: this.config.presence_penalty,
-          frequency_penalty: this.config.frequency_penalty,
-          dry_multiplier: this.config.dry_multiplier,
-          dry_base: this.config.dry_base,
-          dry_allowed_length: this.config.dry_allowed_length,
-          dry_penalty_last_n: this.config.dry_penalty_last_n,
-          max_tokens: this.config.max_tokens,
-          timings_per_token: !!this.config.showTokensPerSecond,
-          ...(this.config.custom.length ? JSON.parse(this.config.custom) : {}),
+          samplers: config.samplers,
+          temperature: config.temperature,
+          dynatemp_range: config.dynatemp_range,
+          dynatemp_exponent: config.dynatemp_exponent,
+          top_k: config.top_k,
+          top_p: config.top_p,
+          min_p: config.min_p,
+          typical_p: config.typical_p,
+          xtc_probability: config.xtc_probability,
+          xtc_threshold: config.xtc_threshold,
+          repeat_last_n: config.repeat_last_n,
+          repeat_penalty: config.repeat_penalty,
+          presence_penalty: config.presence_penalty,
+          frequency_penalty: config.frequency_penalty,
+          dry_multiplier: config.dry_multiplier,
+          dry_base: config.dry_base,
+          dry_allowed_length: config.dry_allowed_length,
+          dry_penalty_last_n: config.dry_penalty_last_n,
+          max_tokens: config.max_tokens,
+          timings_per_token: !!config.showTokensPerSecond,
+          ...(config.custom.length ? JSON.parse(config.custom) : {}),
         };
         const chunks = sendSSEPostRequest(`${BASE_URL}/v1/chat/completions`, {
           method: 'POST',
           headers: {
             'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-            ...(this.config.apiKey ? {'Authorization': `Bearer ${this.config.apiKey}`} : {})
+            ...(config.apiKey ? {'Authorization': `Bearer ${config.apiKey}`} : {})
           },
           body: JSON.stringify(params),
           signal: abortController.signal,
@@ -477,7 +548,7 @@ const mainApp = createApp({
             };
           }
           const timings = chunk.timings;
-          if (timings && this.config.showTokensPerSecond) {
+          if (timings && config.showTokensPerSecond) {
             // only extract what's really needed, to save some space
             this.pendingMsg.timings = {
               prompt_n: timings.prompt_n,
@@ -598,3 +669,33 @@ try {
     <button class="btn" onClick="localStorage.clear(); window.location.reload();">Clear localStorage</button>
   </div>`;
 }
+
+/**
+ * filter out redundant fields upon sending to API
+ * @param {Array<APIMessage>} messages
+ * @returns {Array<APIMessage>}
+ */
+function normalizeMsgsForAPI(messages) {
+  return messages.map((msg) => {
+    return {
+      role: msg.role,
+      content: msg.content,
+    };
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * recommended for DeepsSeek-R1, filter out content between <think> and </think> tags
+ * @param {Array<APIMessage>} messages
+ * @returns {Array<APIMessage>}
+ */
+function filterThoughtFromMsgs(messages) {
+  return messages.map((msg) => {
+    return {
+      role: msg.role,
+      content: msg.role === 'assistant'
+        ? msg.content.split('</think>').at(-1).trim()
+        : msg.content,
+    };
+  });
+}
diff --git a/examples/simple-chat/simple-chat.cpp b/examples/simple-chat/simple-chat.cpp
index e8eda9c223..c5534cc13e 100644
--- a/examples/simple-chat/simple-chat.cpp
+++ b/examples/simple-chat/simple-chat.cpp
@@ -98,10 +98,12 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     auto generate = [&](const std::string & prompt) {
         std::string response;
 
+        const bool is_first = llama_get_kv_cache_used_cells(ctx) == 0;
+
         // tokenize the prompt
-        const int n_prompt_tokens = -llama_tokenize(vocab, prompt.c_str(), prompt.size(), NULL, 0, true, true);
+        const int n_prompt_tokens = -llama_tokenize(vocab, prompt.c_str(), prompt.size(), NULL, 0, is_first, true);
         std::vector<llama_token> prompt_tokens(n_prompt_tokens);
-        if (llama_tokenize(vocab, prompt.c_str(), prompt.size(), prompt_tokens.data(), prompt_tokens.size(), llama_get_kv_cache_used_cells(ctx) == 0, true) < 0) {
+        if (llama_tokenize(vocab, prompt.c_str(), prompt.size(), prompt_tokens.data(), prompt_tokens.size(), is_first, true) < 0) {
             GGML_ABORT("failed to tokenize the prompt\n");
         }
 
@@ -161,7 +163,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
             break;
         }
 
-        const char * tmpl = llama_model_chat_template(model);
+        const char * tmpl = llama_model_chat_template(model, /* name */ nullptr);
 
         // add the user input to the message list and format it
         messages.push_back({"user", strdup(user.c_str())});
diff --git a/examples/main-cmake-pkg/.gitignore b/examples/simple-cmake-pkg/.gitignore
similarity index 100%
rename from examples/main-cmake-pkg/.gitignore
rename to examples/simple-cmake-pkg/.gitignore
diff --git a/examples/simple-cmake-pkg/CMakeLists.txt b/examples/simple-cmake-pkg/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..128e38c8f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/simple-cmake-pkg/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+project(llama-simple-cmake-pkg)
+
+set(TARGET llama-simple-cmake-pkg)
+
+find_package(Llama REQUIRED)
+
+add_executable(${TARGET} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/../simple/simple.cpp)
+install(TARGETS ${TARGET} RUNTIME)
+target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE llama ggml::all ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+target_compile_features(${TARGET} PRIVATE cxx_std_17)
diff --git a/examples/simple-cmake-pkg/README.md b/examples/simple-cmake-pkg/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b30049e24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/simple-cmake-pkg/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# llama.cpp/example/simple-cmake-pkg
+
+This program builds [simple](../simple) using a relocatable CMake package. It serves as an example of using the `find_package()` CMake command to conveniently include [llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp) in projects which live outside of the source tree.
+
+## Building
+
+Because this example is "outside of the source tree", it is important to first build/install llama.cpp using CMake. An example is provided here, but please see the [llama.cpp build instructions](../..) for more detailed build instructions.
+
+### Considerations
+
+When hardware acceleration libraries are used (e.g. CUDA, Metal, Vulkan, etc.), the appropriate dependencies will be searched for automatically. So, for example, when finding a package
+
+### Build llama.cpp and install to llama.cpp/inst
+
+```sh
+git clone https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp
+cd llama.cpp
+cmake -S . -B build
+cmake --build build
+cmake --install build --prefix inst
+
+### Build simple-cmake-pkg
+
+```sh
+cd examples/simple-cmake-pkg
+cmake -S . -B build -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=../../inst/lib/cmake
+cmake --build build
+```
+
+### Run simple-cmake-pkg
+
+```sh
+./build/llama-simple-cmake-pkg -m ./models/llama-7b-v2/ggml-model-f16.gguf "Hello my name is"
+```
diff --git a/ggml/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/CMakeLists.txt
index be40245476..f3be0cf066 100644
--- a/ggml/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/ggml/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ else()
     set(GGML_BLAS_VENDOR_DEFAULT "Generic")
 endif()
 
-if (CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING)
+if (CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING OR DEFINED ENV{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH})
+    message(STATUS "Setting GGML_NATIVE_DEFAULT to OFF")
     set(GGML_NATIVE_DEFAULT OFF)
 else()
     set(GGML_NATIVE_DEFAULT ON)
@@ -153,6 +154,8 @@ option(GGML_CUDA_FA_ALL_QUANTS              "ggml: compile all quants for FlashA
 option(GGML_CUDA_GRAPHS                     "ggml: use CUDA graphs (llama.cpp only)"          ${GGML_CUDA_GRAPHS_DEFAULT})
 
 option(GGML_HIP                             "ggml: use HIP"                                   OFF)
+option(GGML_HIP_GRAPHS                      "ggml: use HIP graph, experimental, slow"         OFF)
+option(GGML_HIP_NO_VMM                      "ggml: do not try to use HIP VMM"                 ON)
 option(GGML_HIP_UMA                         "ggml: use HIP unified memory architecture"       OFF)
 option(GGML_VULKAN                          "ggml: use Vulkan"                                OFF)
 option(GGML_VULKAN_CHECK_RESULTS            "ggml: run Vulkan op checks"                      OFF)
@@ -266,3 +269,74 @@ if (GGML_STANDALONE)
     install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/ggml.pc
         DESTINATION share/pkgconfig)
 endif()
+
+#
+# Create CMake package
+#
+
+# Generate version info based on git commit.
+
+find_program(GIT_EXE NAMES git git.exe REQUIRED NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH)
+execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXE} rev-list --count HEAD
+    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+    OUTPUT_VARIABLE GGML_BUILD_NUMBER
+    OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
+)
+
+if(GGML_BUILD_NUMBER EQUAL 1)
+    message(WARNING "GGML build version fixed at 1 likely due to a shallow clone.")
+endif()
+
+execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXE} rev-parse --short HEAD
+    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+    OUTPUT_VARIABLE GGML_BUILD_COMMIT
+    OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
+)
+
+# Capture variables prefixed with GGML_.
+
+set(variable_set_statements
+"
+####### Expanded from @GGML_VARIABLES_EXPANED@ by configure_package_config_file() #######
+####### Any changes to this file will be overwritten by the next CMake run        #######
+
+")
+
+set(GGML_SHARED_LIB ${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS})
+
+get_cmake_property(all_variables VARIABLES)
+foreach(variable_name IN LISTS all_variables)
+    if(variable_name MATCHES "^GGML_")
+        string(REPLACE ";" "\\;"
+               variable_value "${${variable_name}}")
+
+        set(variable_set_statements
+            "${variable_set_statements}set(${variable_name} \"${variable_value}\")\n")
+    endif()
+endforeach()
+
+set(GGML_VARIABLES_EXPANDED ${variable_set_statements})
+
+# Create the CMake package and set install location.
+
+set(GGML_INSTALL_VERSION 0.0.${GGML_BUILD_NUMBER})
+set(GGML_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR} CACHE PATH "Location of header  files")
+set(GGML_LIB_INSTALL_DIR     ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}     CACHE PATH "Location of library files")
+set(GGML_BIN_INSTALL_DIR     ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}     CACHE PATH "Location of binary  files")
+
+configure_package_config_file(
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/ggml-config.cmake.in
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/ggml-config.cmake
+    INSTALL_DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/ggml
+    PATH_VARS GGML_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR
+              GGML_LIB_INSTALL_DIR
+              GGML_BIN_INSTALL_DIR)
+
+write_basic_package_version_file(
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/ggml-version.cmake
+    VERSION ${GGML_INSTALL_VERSION}
+    COMPATIBILITY SameMajorVersion)
+
+install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/ggml-config.cmake
+              ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/ggml-version.cmake
+        DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/ggml)
diff --git a/ggml/cmake/ggml-config.cmake.in b/ggml/cmake/ggml-config.cmake.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bf39f9c007
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/cmake/ggml-config.cmake.in
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+
+@GGML_VARIABLES_EXPANDED@
+
+@PACKAGE_INIT@
+
+set_and_check(GGML_INCLUDE_DIR "@PACKAGE_GGML_INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR@")
+set_and_check(GGML_LIB_DIR "@PACKAGE_GGML_LIB_INSTALL_DIR@")
+set_and_check(GGML_BIN_DIR "@PACKAGE_GGML_BIN_INSTALL_DIR@")
+
+find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
+
+find_library(GGML_LIBRARY ggml
+    REQUIRED
+    HINTS ${GGML_LIB_DIR}
+    NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH)
+
+add_library(ggml::ggml UNKNOWN IMPORTED)
+set_target_properties(ggml::ggml
+    PROPERTIES
+        IMPORTED_LOCATION "${GGML_LIBRARY}")
+
+find_library(GGML_BASE_LIBRARY ggml-base
+    REQUIRED
+    HINTS ${GGML_LIB_DIR}
+    NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH)
+
+add_library(ggml::ggml-base UNKNOWN IMPORTED)
+set_target_properties(ggml::ggml-base
+    PROPERTIES
+        IMPORTED_LOCATION "${GGML_BASE_LIBRARY}")
+
+if (NOT GGML_SHARED_LIB)
+    if (APPLE AND GGML_ACCELERATE)
+        find_library(ACCELERATE_FRAMEWORK Accelerate REQUIRED)
+        list(APPEND GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES ${ACCELERATE_FRAMEWORK})
+    endif()
+
+    if (GGML_OPENMP)
+        find_package(OpenMP REQUIRED)
+        list(APPEND GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES OpenMP::OpenMP_C OpenMP::OpenMP_CXX)
+    endif()
+
+    if (GGML_CPU_HBM)
+        find_library(memkind memkind REQUIRED)
+        list(APPEND GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES memkind)
+    endif()
+
+    if (GGML_BLAS)
+        find_package(BLAS REQUIRED)
+        list(APPEND GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES ${BLAS_LIBRARIES})
+        list(APPEND GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS   ${BLAS_LINKER_FLAGS})
+    endif()
+
+    if (GGML_CUDA)
+        find_package(CUDAToolkit REQUIRED)
+    endif()
+
+    if (GGML_METAL)
+        find_library(FOUNDATION_LIBRARY Foundation REQUIRED)
+        find_library(METAL_FRAMEWORK    Metal REQUIRED)
+        find_library(METALKIT_FRAMEWORK MetalKit REQUIRED)
+
+        list(APPEND GGML_METAL_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES
+                    ${FOUNDATION_LIBRARY} ${METAL_FRAMEWORK} ${METALKIT_FRAMEWORK})
+    endif()
+
+    if (GGML_VULKAN)
+        find_package(Vulkan REQUIRED)
+        list(APPEND GGML_VULKAN_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES Vulkan::Vulkan)
+    endif()
+
+    if (GGML_HIP)
+        find_package(hip     REQUIRED)
+        find_package(hipblas REQUIRED)
+        find_package(rocblas REQUIRED)
+        list(APPEND GGML_HIP_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES hip::host roc::rocblas roc::hipblas)
+    endif()
+
+    if (GGML_SYCL)
+        find_package(DNNL)
+        if (${DNNL_FOUND} AND GGML_SYCL_TARGET STREQUAL "INTEL")
+            list(APPEND GGML_SYCL_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES DNNL::dnnl)
+        endif()
+        if (WIN32)
+            find_package(IntelSYCL REQUIRED)
+            find_package(MKL       REQUIRED)
+            list(APPEND GGML_SYCL_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES IntelSYCL::SYCL_CXX MKL::MKL MKL::MKL_SYCL)
+        endif()
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+set(_ggml_all_targets "")
+foreach(_ggml_backend ${GGML_AVAILABLE_BACKENDS})
+    string(REPLACE "-" "_" _ggml_backend_pfx "${_ggml_backend}")
+    string(TOUPPER "${_ggml_backend_pfx}" _ggml_backend_pfx)
+
+    find_library(${_ggml_backend_pfx}_LIBRARY ${_ggml_backend}
+        REQUIRED
+        HINTS ${GGML_LIB_DIR}
+        NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH)
+
+    message(STATUS "Found ${${_ggml_backend_pfx}_LIBRARY}")
+
+    add_library(ggml::${_ggml_backend} UNKNOWN IMPORTED)
+    set_target_properties(ggml::${_ggml_backend}
+        PROPERTIES
+            INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${GGML_INCLUDE_DIR}"
+            IMPORTED_LINK_INTERFACE_LANGUAGES "CXX"
+            IMPORTED_LOCATION "${${_ggml_backend_pfx}_LIBRARY}"
+            INTERFACE_COMPILE_FEATURES c_std_90
+            POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
+
+    string(REGEX MATCH "^ggml-cpu" is_cpu_variant "${_ggml_backend}")
+    if(is_cpu_variant)
+        list(APPEND GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "ggml::ggml" "ggml::ggml-base")
+        set_target_properties(ggml::${_ggml_backend}
+           PROPERTIES
+               INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "${GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES}")
+
+        if(GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS)
+            set_target_properties(ggml::${_ggml_backend}
+                PROPERTIES
+                    INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS "${GGML_CPU_INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS}")
+        endif()
+
+    else()
+        list(APPEND ${_ggml_backend_pfx}_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "ggml::ggml" "ggml::ggml-base")
+        set_target_properties(ggml::${_ggml_backend}
+            PROPERTIES
+                INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "${${_ggml_backend_pfx}_INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES}")
+
+        if(${_ggml_backend_pfx}_INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS)
+            set_target_properties(ggml::${_ggml_backend}
+                PROPERTIES
+                    INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS "${${_ggml_backend_pfx}_INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS}")
+        endif()
+    endif()
+
+    list(APPEND _ggml_all_targets ggml::${_ggml_backend})
+endforeach()
+
+add_library(ggml::all INTERFACE IMPORTED)
+set_target_properties(ggml::all
+    PROPERTIES
+        INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "${_ggml_all_targets}")
+
+check_required_components(ggml)
diff --git a/ggml/src/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/CMakeLists.txt
index 1854fd88e0..39dae7b26b 100644
--- a/ggml/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/ggml/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -93,12 +93,18 @@ endif()
 
 if (GGML_CCACHE)
     find_program(GGML_CCACHE_FOUND ccache)
+    find_program(GGML_SCCACHE_FOUND sccache)
 
-    if (GGML_CCACHE_FOUND)
+    if (GGML_CCACHE_FOUND OR GGML_SCCACHE_FOUND)
+        if(GGML_CCACHE_FOUND)
+            set(GGML_CCACHE_VARIANT ccache)
+        else()
+            set(GGML_CCACHE_VARIANT sccache)
+        endif()
         # TODO: should not be set globally
-        set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY RULE_LAUNCH_COMPILE ccache)
+        set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY RULE_LAUNCH_COMPILE "${GGML_CCACHE_VARIANT}")
         set(ENV{CCACHE_SLOPPINESS} time_macros)
-        message(STATUS "ccache found, compilation results will be cached. Disable with GGML_CCACHE=OFF.")
+        message(STATUS "${GGML_CCACHE_VARIANT} found, compilation results will be cached. Disable with GGML_CCACHE=OFF.")
     else()
         message(STATUS "Warning: ccache not found - consider installing it for faster compilation or disable this warning with GGML_CCACHE=OFF")
     endif ()
@@ -250,6 +256,17 @@ function(ggml_add_backend_library backend)
         target_compile_definitions(${backend} PRIVATE GGML_BACKEND_BUILD)
         target_compile_definitions(${backend} PUBLIC  GGML_BACKEND_SHARED)
     endif()
+
+    if(NOT GGML_AVAILABLE_BACKENDS)
+        set(GGML_AVAILABLE_BACKENDS "${backend}"
+            CACHE INTERNAL "List of backends for cmake package")
+    else()
+        list(FIND GGML_AVAILABLE_BACKENDS "${backend}" has_backend)
+        if(has_backend EQUAL -1)
+            set(GGML_AVAILABLE_BACKENDS "${GGML_AVAILABLE_BACKENDS};${backend}"
+                CACHE INTERNAL "List of backends for cmake package")
+        endif()
+    endif()
 endfunction()
 
 function(ggml_add_backend backend)
@@ -297,7 +314,7 @@ if (GGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS)
         # MSVC doesn't support AMX
         ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(sapphirerapids AVX F16C AVX2 FMA AVX512 AVX512_VBMI AVX512_VNNI AVX512_BF16 AMX_TILE AMX_INT8)
     endif()
-else ()
+elseif (GGML_CPU)
     ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl("")
 endif()
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.c b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.c
index 0ed92b3ff4..e809f05d21 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.c
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.c
@@ -1302,7 +1302,7 @@ struct ggml_threadpool {
     // these are atomic as an annotation for thread-sanitizer
     atomic_bool stop;         // Used for stopping the threadpool altogether
     atomic_bool pause;        // Used for pausing the threadpool or individual threads
-    atomic_bool abort;        // Used for aborting processing of a graph
+    atomic_int abort;         // Used for aborting processing of a graph
 
     struct ggml_compute_state * workers;   // per thread state
     int          n_threads_max; // number of threads in the pool
@@ -7883,7 +7883,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_out_prod_f32(
 
                     float * s0 = (float *) ((char *) src0->data + (          i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03));
                     float * s1 = (float *) ((char *) src1->data + (i1*nb10 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12 + i13*nb13));
-                    float * d  = (float *) ((char *)  dst->data + (          i1*nb1 + i2*nb2 + i3*nb3));
+                    float * d  = (float *) ((char *)  dst->data + (          i1*nb1   + i2*nb2   + i3*nb3));
 
                     ggml_vec_mad_f32_unroll(ne0, nb01, nb11, d, s0, s1);
                 }
@@ -7892,7 +7892,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_out_prod_f32(
 
                     float * s0 = (float *) ((char *) src0->data + (          i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03));
                     float * s1 = (float *) ((char *) src1->data + (i1*nb10 + i11*nb11 + i12*nb12 + i13*nb13));
-                    float * d  = (float *) ((char *)  dst->data + (          i1*nb1 + i2*nb2 + i3*nb3));
+                    float * d  = (float *) ((char *)  dst->data + (          i1*nb1   + i2*nb2   + i3*nb3));
 
                     ggml_vec_mad_f32(ne0, d, s0, *s1);
                 }
@@ -13851,14 +13851,14 @@ static thread_ret_t ggml_graph_compute_thread(void * data) {
         /*.threadpool=*/ tp,
     };
 
-    for (int node_n = 0; node_n < cgraph->n_nodes && !tp->abort; node_n++) {
+    for (int node_n = 0; node_n < cgraph->n_nodes && atomic_load_explicit(&tp->abort, memory_order_relaxed) != node_n; node_n++) {
         struct ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[node_n];
 
         ggml_compute_forward(&params, node);
 
         if (state->ith == 0 && cplan->abort_callback &&
                 cplan->abort_callback(cplan->abort_callback_data)) {
-            tp->abort = true;
+            atomic_store_explicit(&tp->abort, node_n + 1, memory_order_relaxed);
             tp->ec    = GGML_STATUS_ABORTED;
         }
 
@@ -14031,7 +14031,7 @@ static struct ggml_threadpool * ggml_threadpool_new_impl(
         threadpool->current_chunk    = 0;
         threadpool->stop             = false;
         threadpool->pause            = tpp->paused;
-        threadpool->abort            = false;
+        threadpool->abort            = -1;
         threadpool->workers          = NULL;
         threadpool->n_threads_max    = tpp->n_threads;
         threadpool->n_threads_cur    = tpp->n_threads;
@@ -14110,7 +14110,7 @@ enum ggml_status ggml_graph_compute(struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, struct ggml_cpl
         threadpool->cgraph           = cgraph;
         threadpool->cplan            = cplan;
         threadpool->current_chunk    = 0;
-        threadpool->abort            = false;
+        threadpool->abort            = -1;
         threadpool->ec               = GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
     }
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.cpp
index 35a1c876c8..2ccb4b472d 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.cpp
@@ -416,7 +416,8 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cpu_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const st
         case GGML_OP_IM2COL_BACK:
             return src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
         case GGML_OP_OUT_PROD:
-            return (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || ggml_is_quantized(src0->type)) && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
+            return (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || (ggml_is_quantized(src0->type) && src0->ne[2] == src1->ne[2] && src0->ne[3] == src1->ne[3])) &&
+                src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
         default:
             return true;
     }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/binbcast.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/binbcast.cu
index c7b6be4e29..ce4b9cfb51 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/binbcast.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/binbcast.cu
@@ -93,26 +93,31 @@ static __global__ void k_bin_bcast_unravel(const src0_t * src0, const src1_t * s
 
 template <typename T>
 static __global__ void k_repeat_back(
-    const T * __restrict__ src, T * __restrict__ dst, const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02,
-    const int64_t ne0, const int64_t ne1, const int64_t ne2) {
+    const T * __restrict__ src, T * __restrict__ dst, const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t ne03,
+    const size_t s00, const size_t s01, const size_t s02, const size_t s03,
+    const int64_t ne0, const int64_t ne1, const int64_t ne2, const int64_t ne3) {
 
-    const int64_t tid0 = (int64_t) blockIdx.x*blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-    const int64_t tid1 = (int64_t) blockIdx.y*blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
-    const int64_t tid2 = (int64_t) blockIdx.z*blockDim.z + threadIdx.z;
+    const int64_t tid0  = int64_t(blockIdx.x)*blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+    const int64_t tid1  = int64_t(blockIdx.y)*blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+    const int64_t tid23 = int64_t(blockIdx.z)*blockDim.z + threadIdx.z;
+    const int64_t tid2  = tid23 % ne2;
+    const int64_t tid3  = tid23 / ne2;
 
     if (tid0 >= ne0) {
         return;
     }
 
     T sum = 0;
-    for (int64_t i2 = tid2; i2 < ne02; i2 += ne2) {
-        for (int64_t i1 = tid1; i1 < ne01; i1 += ne1) {
-            for (int64_t i0 = tid0; i0 < ne00; i0 += ne0) {
-                sum += src[i2*ne01*ne00 + i1*ne00 + i0];
+    for (int64_t i3 = tid3; i3 < ne03; i3 += ne3) {
+        for (int64_t i2 = tid2; i2 < ne02; i2 += ne2) {
+            for (int64_t i1 = tid1; i1 < ne01; i1 += ne1) {
+                for (int64_t i0 = tid0; i0 < ne00; i0 += ne0) {
+                    sum += src[i3*s03 + i2*s02 + i1*s01 + i0*s00];
+                }
             }
         }
     }
-    dst[tid2*ne1*ne0 + tid1*ne0 + tid0] = sum;
+    dst[tid3*ne2*ne1*ne0 + tid2*ne1*ne0 + tid1*ne0 + tid0] = sum;
 }
 
 template<float (*bin_op)(const float, const float)>
@@ -274,12 +279,14 @@ struct bin_bcast_cuda {
 
 template <typename T>
 static void repeat_back_cuda(
-    const T * src, T * dst, const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02,
-    const int64_t ne0, const int64_t ne1, const int64_t ne2, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const T * src, T * dst, const int64_t ne00, const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t ne03,
+    const size_t s00, const size_t s01, const size_t s02, const size_t s03,
+    const int64_t ne0, const int64_t ne1, const int64_t ne2, const int64_t ne3, cudaStream_t stream) {
 
     const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, 1, 1);
-    const dim3 block_nums((ne0 + WARP_SIZE - 1) / WARP_SIZE, ne1, ne2);
-    k_repeat_back<T><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(src, dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne0, ne1, ne2);
+    const dim3 block_nums((ne0 + WARP_SIZE - 1) / WARP_SIZE, ne1, ne2*ne3);
+    k_repeat_back<T><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>
+        (src, dst, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, s00, s01, s02, s03, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3);
 }
 
 template<class op>
@@ -326,27 +333,26 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_repeat_back(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 
     GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == dst->type);
-    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(src0));
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst));
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_can_repeat(dst, src0));
 
     cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
 
-    const int64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
-    const int64_t ne01 = src0->ne[1];
-    const int64_t ne02 = src0->ne[2];
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->ne[3] == 1);
+    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS;
 
-    const int64_t ne0 = dst->ne[0];
-    const int64_t ne1 = dst->ne[1];
-    const int64_t ne2 = dst->ne[2];
-    GGML_ASSERT(dst->ne[3] == 1);
+    GGML_ASSERT(ne2*ne3 <= (1 << 15));
+
+    const size_t ts = ggml_type_size(src0->type);
+    const size_t s00 = nb00 / ts;
+    const size_t s01 = nb01 / ts;
+    const size_t s02 = nb02 / ts;
+    const size_t s03 = nb03 / ts;
 
     switch (dst->type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_F32: {
             const float * src0_d = (const float *) src0->data;
             float       * dst_d  = (float       *) dst->data;
-            repeat_back_cuda<float>(src0_d, dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne0, ne1, ne2, stream);
+            repeat_back_cuda(src0_d, dst_d, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, s00, s01, s02, s03, ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3, stream);
         } break;
         default: {
             GGML_ASSERT(false);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/common.cuh b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/common.cuh
index 2c0a562267..8d8d3932e0 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/common.cuh
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/common.cuh
@@ -46,20 +46,20 @@
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA      700
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING     750
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE     800
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD 1000000
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD 0x1000000
 
 // GCN/CNDA, wave size is 64
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_GCN4       (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 803)  // Tonga, Fiji, Polaris, minimum for fast fp16
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_VEGA       (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 900)  // Vega56/64, minimum for fp16 dual issue
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_VEGA20     (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 906)  // MI50/Radeon VII, minimum for dp4a
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA       (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 908)  // MI100, minimum for MFMA, acc registers
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA2      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 910)  // MI210, minimum acc register renameing
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA3      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 942)  // MI300
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_GCN4       (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x803)  // Tonga, Fiji, Polaris, minimum for fast fp16
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_VEGA       (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x900)  // Vega56/64, minimum for fp16 dual issue
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_VEGA20     (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x906)  // MI50/Radeon VII, minimum for dp4a
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA       (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x908)  // MI100, minimum for MFMA, acc registers
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA2      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x910)  // MI210, minimum acc register renameing
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA3      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x942)  // MI300
 
 // RNDA removes MFMA, dp4a, xnack, acc registers, wave size is 32
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA1      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 1010) // RX 5000
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA2      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 1030) // RX 6000, minimum for dp4a
-#define GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA3      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 1100) // RX 7000, minimum for WMMA
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA1      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x1010) // RX 5000
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA2      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x1030) // RX 6000, minimum for dp4a
+#define GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA3      (GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + 0x1100) // RX 7000, minimum for WMMA
 
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_QY1        210
 #define GGML_CUDA_CC_QY2        220
@@ -131,6 +131,10 @@ typedef float dfloat; // dequantize float
 typedef float2 dfloat2;
 #endif // GGML_CUDA_F16
 
+#if (!defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_CUDA_NO_VMM)) || (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_HIP_NO_VMM))
+#define GGML_USE_VMM
+#endif // (!defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_CUDA_NO_VMM)) || (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_HIP_NO_VMM))
+
 #if (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) || __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL
 #define FP16_AVAILABLE
 #endif // (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) || __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL
@@ -186,53 +190,46 @@ static __device__ void no_device_code(
 #define NO_DEVICE_CODE //GGML_ABORT("NO_DEVICE_CODE not valid in host code.")
 #endif // __CUDA_ARCH__
 
+template<int width = WARP_SIZE>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ int warp_reduce_sum(int x) {
 #if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
     return __reduce_add_sync(0xffffffff, x);
 #else
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
-        x += __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, x, offset, 32);
+    for (int offset = width/2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+        x += __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, x, offset, width);
     }
     return x;
 #endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
 }
 
+template<int width = WARP_SIZE>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float warp_reduce_sum(float x) {
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
-        x += __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, x, offset, 32);
+    for (int offset = width/2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+        x += __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, x, offset, width);
     }
     return x;
 }
 
+template<int width = WARP_SIZE>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float2 warp_reduce_sum(float2 a) {
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
-        a.x += __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, a.x, offset, 32);
-        a.y += __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, a.y, offset, 32);
+    for (int offset = width/2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+        a.x += __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, a.x, offset, width);
+        a.y += __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, a.y, offset, width);
     }
     return a;
 }
 
+template<int width = WARP_SIZE>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ half2 warp_reduce_sum(half2 a) {
 #ifdef FP16_AVAILABLE
-
-#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
-        const half2 a_other = __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, a, offset, 32);
-        reinterpret_cast<half&>(a.x) +=  __low2half(a_other);
-        reinterpret_cast<half&>(a.y) += __high2half(a_other);
+    for (int offset = width/2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+        a = __hadd2(a, __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, a, offset, width));
     }
     return a;
-#else
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
-        a = __hadd2(a, __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, a, offset, 32));
-    }
-    return a;
-#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
 
 #else
     NO_DEVICE_CODE;
@@ -240,10 +237,11 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ half2 warp_reduce_sum(half2 a) {
 #endif // FP16_AVAILABLE
 }
 
+template<int width = WARP_SIZE>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float warp_reduce_max(float x) {
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
-        x = fmaxf(x, __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, x, offset, 32));
+    for (int offset = width/2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+        x = fmaxf(x, __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, x, offset, width));
     }
     return x;
 }
@@ -265,35 +263,34 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ half ggml_cuda_hmax(const half a, const half b
 }
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ half2 ggml_cuda_hmax2(const half2 a, const half2 b) {
-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__))
-
-#if CUDART_VERSION >= CUDART_HMAX
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && HIP_VERSION >= 50700000
+    return half2(__hmax(a.x, b.x), __hmax(a.y, b.y));
+#elif !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && CUDART_VERSION >= CUDART_HMAX
     return __hmax2(a, b);
-#else
+#elif !defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
     half2 ret;
     reinterpret_cast<half&>(ret.x) = __float2half(fmaxf( __low2float(a),  __low2float(b)));
     reinterpret_cast<half&>(ret.y) = __float2half(fmaxf(__high2float(a), __high2float(b)));
     return ret;
-#endif // CUDART_VERSION >= CUDART_HMAX
-
 #else
     GGML_UNUSED(a);
     GGML_UNUSED(b);
     NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__))
+#endif
 }
 
+template<int width = WARP_SIZE>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ half2 warp_reduce_max(half2 x) {
-#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL
+#if !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL || (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && HIP_VERSION >= 50700000)
 #pragma unroll
-   for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
-       x = ggml_cuda_hmax2(x, __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, x, offset, 32));
+   for (int offset = width/2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+       x = ggml_cuda_hmax2(x, __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, x, offset, width));
    }
    return x;
 #else
    GGML_UNUSED(x);
    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL
+#endif // !(defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_PASCAL || (defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && HIP_VERSION >= 50700000)
 }
 
 #if CUDART_VERSION < CUDART_HMASK
@@ -516,6 +513,7 @@ struct ggml_cuda_device_info {
         bool    vmm;                // virtual memory support
         size_t  vmm_granularity;    // granularity of virtual memory
         size_t  total_vram;
+        int     warp_size;          // Number of threads in a dispatch
     };
 
     cuda_device_info devices[GGML_CUDA_MAX_DEVICES] = {};
@@ -588,7 +586,7 @@ struct ggml_tensor_extra_gpu {
 };
 
 
-#if (CUDART_VERSION >= 12000) && defined(GGML_CUDA_USE_GRAPHS)
+#if ((CUDART_VERSION >= 12000) && defined(GGML_CUDA_USE_GRAPHS)) || defined(GGML_HIP_GRAPHS)
 #define USE_CUDA_GRAPH
 #endif
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu
index 7fd1fc8534..383131c778 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 #include <atomic>
+#include <charconv>
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ static_assert(sizeof(half) == sizeof(ggml_fp16_t), "wrong fp16 size");
 [[noreturn]]
 void ggml_cuda_error(const char * stmt, const char * func, const char * file, int line, const char * msg) {
     int id = -1; // in case cudaGetDevice fails
-    cudaGetDevice(&id);
+    (void)cudaGetDevice(&id);
 
     GGML_LOG_ERROR(GGML_CUDA_NAME " error: %s\n", msg);
     GGML_LOG_ERROR("  current device: %d, in function %s at %s:%d\n", id, func, file, line);
@@ -119,12 +120,78 @@ static cudaError_t ggml_cuda_device_malloc(void ** ptr, size_t size, int device)
 #endif
 }
 
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
+static int ggml_cuda_parse_id(char devName[]) {
+    // A list of possible Target IDs can be found under the rocclr/clr repo in device.cpp
+    // these values are not stable so this is susceptible to breakage
+    // https://github.com/ROCm/clr/blob/amd-staging/rocclr/device/device.cpp
+    int archMajor = 0x0;
+    int archMinor = 0x0;
+    int archNum = GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD;
+    int archLen = strlen(devName);
+    char archName[archLen + 1];
+
+    // strip leading 'gfx' while copying into our buffer
+    if (archLen > 3) {
+        strcpy(archName, &devName[3]);
+        archLen -= 3;
+    }
+
+    // trim trailing :xnack- or :sramecc- statuses
+    archLen = strcspn(archName, ":");
+    archName[archLen] = '\0';
+
+    // tease out the version information
+    if (archLen > 8) {
+        // versions labeled generic use '-' as delimiter
+        // strip the trailing "-generic" then iterate through what remains
+        if ((strstr(archName, "-generic"))) {
+            archName[archLen - 8] = '\0';
+            char * pch;
+            if ((pch = strtok(archName, "-"))) {
+                archMajor = (int)strtoul(pch, 0, 16);
+                if ((pch = strtok(NULL, "-"))) {
+                    archMinor = 0x10 * (int)strtoul(pch, 0, 16);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (archLen >= 3) {
+        // last two digits should be the minor * 0x10 + stepping
+        archMinor = (int)strtoul(&archName[archLen - 2], 0, 16);
+        archName[archLen - 2] = '\0';
+
+        // only the major version remains
+        archMajor = (int)strtoul(archName, 0, 16);
+    }
+    archNum += archMajor * 0x100;
+    archNum += archMinor;
+    return archNum;
+}
+#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
+
 static ggml_cuda_device_info ggml_cuda_init() {
 #ifdef __HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__
     // Workaround for a rocBLAS bug when using multiple graphics cards:
     // https://github.com/ROCmSoftwarePlatform/rocBLAS/issues/1346
-    rocblas_initialize();
-    CUDA_CHECK(cudaDeviceSynchronize());
+    {
+        int major_version = 0;
+        size_t version_length = 0;
+        if (rocblas_get_version_string_size(&version_length) == rocblas_status_success) {
+            std::string version(version_length, '\0');
+            if (rocblas_get_version_string(version.data(), version.size()) == rocblas_status_success) {
+                version.resize(::strlen(version.c_str()));
+                int parsed_value = 0;
+                if (std::from_chars(version.c_str(), version.c_str() + version.length(), parsed_value).ec == std::errc()) {
+                    major_version = parsed_value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (major_version < 4) {
+            GGML_LOG_DEBUG(GGML_CUDA_NAME " calling rocblas_initialize as a workaround for a rocBLAS bug\n");
+            rocblas_initialize();
+            CUDA_CHECK(cudaDeviceSynchronize());
+        }
+    }
 #endif
 
     ggml_cuda_device_info info = {};
@@ -152,7 +219,7 @@ static ggml_cuda_device_info ggml_cuda_init() {
     for (int id = 0; id < info.device_count; ++id) {
         int device_vmm = 0;
 
-#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_CUDA_NO_VMM)
+#if defined(GGML_USE_VMM)
         CUdevice device;
         CU_CHECK(cuDeviceGet(&device, id));
         CU_CHECK(cuDeviceGetAttribute(&device_vmm, CU_DEVICE_ATTRIBUTE_VIRTUAL_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT_SUPPORTED, device));
@@ -164,24 +231,40 @@ static ggml_cuda_device_info ggml_cuda_init() {
             alloc_prop.location.id = id;
             CU_CHECK(cuMemGetAllocationGranularity(&info.devices[id].vmm_granularity, &alloc_prop, CU_MEM_ALLOC_GRANULARITY_RECOMMENDED));
         }
-#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_CUDA_NO_VMM)
+#endif // defined(GGML_USE_VMM)
         info.devices[id].vmm = !!device_vmm;
 
         cudaDeviceProp prop;
         CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetDeviceProperties(&prop, id));
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("  Device %d: %s, compute capability %d.%d, VMM: %s\n", id, prop.name, prop.major, prop.minor, device_vmm ? "yes" : "no");
 
         info.default_tensor_split[id] = total_vram;
         total_vram += prop.totalGlobalMem;
 
-        info.devices[id].nsm   = prop.multiProcessorCount;
-        info.devices[id].smpb  = prop.sharedMemPerBlock;
+        info.devices[id].nsm       = prop.multiProcessorCount;
+        info.devices[id].smpb      = prop.sharedMemPerBlock;
+        info.devices[id].warp_size = prop.warpSize;
 #if defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
         info.devices[id].smpbo = prop.sharedMemPerBlock;
-        info.devices[id].cc = 100*prop.major + 10*prop.minor + GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD;
+
+        info.devices[id].cc = ggml_cuda_parse_id(prop.gcnArchName);
+        if ((info.devices[id].cc & 0xff00) == 0x0) {
+            GGML_LOG_WARN("invalid architecture ID received for device %d %s: %s  cc %d.%d\n",
+                            id, prop.name, prop.gcnArchName, prop.major, prop.minor);
+
+            // Fallback to prop.major and prop.minor
+            if (prop.major > 0) {
+                info.devices[id].cc = GGML_CUDA_CC_OFFSET_AMD + prop.major * 0x100;
+                info.devices[id].cc += prop.minor * 0x10;
+            }
+        }
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  Device %d: %s, %s (0x%x), VMM: %s, Wave Size: %d\n",
+                      id, prop.name, prop.gcnArchName, info.devices[id].cc & 0xffff,
+                      device_vmm ? "yes" : "no", prop.warpSize);
 #else
         info.devices[id].smpbo = prop.sharedMemPerBlockOptin;
         info.devices[id].cc = 100*prop.major + 10*prop.minor;
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  Device %d: %s, compute capability %d.%d, VMM: %s\n",
+                        id, prop.name, prop.major, prop.minor, device_vmm ? "yes" : "no");
 #endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(__HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__)
     }
 
@@ -300,7 +383,7 @@ struct ggml_cuda_pool_leg : public ggml_cuda_pool {
 };
 
 // pool with virtual memory
-#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_CUDA_NO_VMM)
+#if defined(GGML_USE_VMM)
 struct ggml_cuda_pool_vmm : public ggml_cuda_pool {
     static const size_t CUDA_POOL_VMM_MAX_SIZE = 1ull << 35; // 32 GB
 
@@ -309,6 +392,9 @@ struct ggml_cuda_pool_vmm : public ggml_cuda_pool {
     size_t pool_used = 0;
     size_t pool_size = 0;
     size_t granularity;
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
+    std::vector<std::pair<CUdeviceptr, size_t>> mappings;
+#endif
 
     explicit ggml_cuda_pool_vmm(int device) :
         device(device),
@@ -317,7 +403,14 @@ struct ggml_cuda_pool_vmm : public ggml_cuda_pool {
 
     ~ggml_cuda_pool_vmm() {
         if (pool_addr != 0) {
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
+            // Workaround for https://github.com/ROCm/ROCR-Runtime/issues/285
+            for (std::pair<CUdeviceptr, size_t> & mapping : mappings) {
+                CU_CHECK(cuMemUnmap(mapping.first, mapping.second));
+            }
+#else
             CU_CHECK(cuMemUnmap(pool_addr, pool_size));
+#endif
             CU_CHECK(cuMemAddressFree(pool_addr, CUDA_POOL_VMM_MAX_SIZE));
         }
     }
@@ -350,7 +443,11 @@ struct ggml_cuda_pool_vmm : public ggml_cuda_pool {
             }
 
             // map at the end of the pool
-            CU_CHECK(cuMemMap(pool_addr + pool_size, reserve_size, 0, handle, 0));
+            CUdeviceptr start_ptr = (CUdeviceptr)((char *)(pool_addr) + pool_size);
+            CU_CHECK(cuMemMap(start_ptr, reserve_size, 0, handle, 0));
+#if defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
+            mappings.push_back({start_ptr, reserve_size});
+#endif
 
             // the memory allocation handle is no longer needed after mapping
             CU_CHECK(cuMemRelease(handle));
@@ -360,7 +457,7 @@ struct ggml_cuda_pool_vmm : public ggml_cuda_pool {
             access.location.type = CU_MEM_LOCATION_TYPE_DEVICE;
             access.location.id = device;
             access.flags = CU_MEM_ACCESS_FLAGS_PROT_READWRITE;
-            CU_CHECK(cuMemSetAccess(pool_addr + pool_size, reserve_size, &access, 1));
+            CU_CHECK(cuMemSetAccess((CUdeviceptr)((char *)(pool_addr) + pool_size), reserve_size, &access, 1));
 
             // add to the pool
             pool_size += reserve_size;
@@ -372,7 +469,7 @@ struct ggml_cuda_pool_vmm : public ggml_cuda_pool {
 
         GGML_ASSERT(pool_addr != 0);
 
-        void * ptr = (void *) (pool_addr + pool_used);
+        void * ptr = (void *) ((CUdeviceptr)((char *)(pool_addr) + pool_used));
         *actual_size = size;
         pool_used += size;
 
@@ -391,17 +488,17 @@ struct ggml_cuda_pool_vmm : public ggml_cuda_pool {
         pool_used -= size;
 
         // all deallocations must be in reverse order of the allocations
-        GGML_ASSERT(ptr == (void *) (pool_addr + pool_used));
+        GGML_ASSERT(ptr == (void *) ((char *)(pool_addr) + pool_used));
     }
 };
-#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_CUDA_NO_VMM)
+#endif // defined(GGML_USE_VMM)
 
 std::unique_ptr<ggml_cuda_pool> ggml_backend_cuda_context::new_pool_for_device(int device) {
-#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_CUDA_NO_VMM)
+#if defined(GGML_USE_VMM)
     if (ggml_cuda_info().devices[device].vmm) {
         return std::unique_ptr<ggml_cuda_pool>(new ggml_cuda_pool_vmm(device));
     }
-#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && !defined(GGML_CUDA_NO_VMM)
+#endif // defined(GGML_USE_VMM)
     return std::unique_ptr<ggml_cuda_pool>(new ggml_cuda_pool_leg(device));
 }
 
@@ -547,7 +644,7 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_cuda_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_bac
     cudaError_t err = ggml_cuda_device_malloc(&dev_ptr, size, buft_ctx->device);
     if (err != cudaSuccess) {
         // clear the error
-        cudaGetLastError();
+        (void)cudaGetLastError();
         GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: allocating %.2f MiB on device %d: cudaMalloc failed: %s\n", __func__, size / 1024.0 / 1024.0, buft_ctx->device, cudaGetErrorString(err));
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -962,7 +1059,7 @@ static void * ggml_cuda_host_malloc(size_t size) {
     cudaError_t err = cudaMallocHost((void **) &ptr, size);
     if (err != cudaSuccess) {
         // clear the error
-        cudaGetLastError();
+        (void)cudaGetLastError();
         GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: failed to allocate %.2f MiB of pinned memory: %s\n", __func__,
                            size / 1024.0 / 1024.0, cudaGetErrorString(err));
         return nullptr;
@@ -1082,7 +1179,9 @@ static void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_cublas(
 
     const int compute_capability = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc;
 
-    if (compute_capability >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA && (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || ggml_is_quantized(src0->type)) && ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && row_diff == src0->ne[1] && dst->op_params[0] == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT) {
+    const bool use_fp16 = (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || ggml_is_quantized(src0->type)) && ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && row_diff == src0->ne[1] && dst->op_params[0] == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT;
+
+    if (compute_capability >= GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA && use_fp16) {
         // convert src0 and src1 to fp16, multiply as fp16, convert dst to fp32
         ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<half> src0_as_f16(ctx.pool(id));
         if (src0->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
@@ -1103,28 +1202,38 @@ static void ggml_cuda_op_mul_mat_cublas(
             to_fp16_cuda(src1_ddf_i, src1_as_f16.get(), ne, stream);
         }
         const half * src1_ptr = src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 ? (const half *) src1_ddf_i : src1_as_f16.get();
-        ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<half> dst_f16(ctx.pool(id), row_diff*src1_ncols);
-
-        const half alpha_f16 = 1.0f;
-        const half beta_f16 = 0.0f;
-
-        cublasComputeType_t cu_compute_type = CUBLAS_COMPUTE_16F;
-        if (ggml_cuda_info().devices[ctx.device].cc == GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA) {
-            cu_compute_type = CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F;
-        }
 
         CUBLAS_CHECK(cublasSetStream(ctx.cublas_handle(id), stream));
-        CUBLAS_CHECK(
-            cublasGemmEx(ctx.cublas_handle(id), CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N,
-                    row_diff, src1_ncols, ne10,
-                    &alpha_f16, src0_ptr,       CUDA_R_16F, ne00,
-                                src1_ptr,       CUDA_R_16F, ne10,
-                    &beta_f16,   dst_f16.get(), CUDA_R_16F, ldc,
-                    cu_compute_type,
-                    CUBLAS_GEMM_DEFAULT_TENSOR_OP));
 
-        const to_fp32_cuda_t to_fp32_cuda = ggml_get_to_fp32_cuda(GGML_TYPE_F16);
-        to_fp32_cuda(dst_f16.get(), dst_dd_i, row_diff*src1_ncols, stream);
+        if (compute_capability == GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA) {
+            const float alpha = 1.0f;
+            const float beta = 0.0f;
+            CUBLAS_CHECK(
+                cublasGemmEx(ctx.cublas_handle(id), CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N,
+                        row_diff, src1_ncols, ne10,
+                        &alpha, src0_ptr,  CUDA_R_16F, ne00,
+                                src1_ptr,  CUDA_R_16F, ne10,
+                        &beta,   dst_dd_i, CUDA_R_32F, ldc,
+                        CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F,
+                        CUBLAS_GEMM_DEFAULT_TENSOR_OP));
+        } else {
+            ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<half> dst_f16(ctx.pool(id), row_diff*src1_ncols);
+
+            const half alpha_f16 = 1.0f;
+            const half beta_f16 = 0.0f;
+
+            CUBLAS_CHECK(
+                cublasGemmEx(ctx.cublas_handle(id), CUBLAS_OP_T, CUBLAS_OP_N,
+                        row_diff, src1_ncols, ne10,
+                        &alpha_f16, src0_ptr,      CUDA_R_16F, ne00,
+                                    src1_ptr,      CUDA_R_16F, ne10,
+                        &beta_f16,  dst_f16.get(), CUDA_R_16F, ldc,
+                        CUBLAS_COMPUTE_16F,
+                        CUBLAS_GEMM_DEFAULT_TENSOR_OP));
+
+            const to_fp32_cuda_t to_fp32_cuda = ggml_get_to_fp32_cuda(GGML_TYPE_F16);
+            to_fp32_cuda(dst_f16.get(), dst_dd_i, row_diff*src1_ncols, stream);
+        }
     } else {
         ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<float> src0_ddq_as_f32(ctx.pool(id));
         ggml_cuda_pool_alloc<float> src1_ddq_as_f32(ctx.pool(id));
@@ -1197,7 +1306,7 @@ static void ggml_cuda_set_peer_access(const int n_tokens, int main_device) {
                         CUDA_CHECK(err);
                     } else {
                         // reset the error
-                        cudaGetLastError();
+                        (void)cudaGetLastError();
                     }
                 } else {
                     cudaError_t err = cudaDeviceDisablePeerAccess(id_other);
@@ -1205,7 +1314,7 @@ static void ggml_cuda_set_peer_access(const int n_tokens, int main_device) {
                         CUDA_CHECK(err);
                     } else {
                         // reset the error
-                        cudaGetLastError();
+                        (void)cudaGetLastError();
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -1613,10 +1722,6 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_batched_cublas(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, co
     cublasComputeType_t cu_compute_type = CUBLAS_COMPUTE_16F;
     cudaDataType_t      cu_data_type    = CUDA_R_16F;
 
-    if (ggml_cuda_info().devices[ctx.device].cc == GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA) {
-        cu_compute_type = CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F;
-    }
-
     // dst strides
     size_t nbd2 = dst->nb[2];
     size_t nbd3 = dst->nb[3];
@@ -1645,6 +1750,12 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_batched_cublas(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, co
         beta  = &beta_f32;
     }
 
+    if (ggml_cuda_info().devices[ctx.device].cc == GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA) {
+        cu_compute_type = CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F;
+        alpha = &alpha_f32;
+        beta  = &beta_f32;
+    }
+
     GGML_ASSERT(ne12 % ne02 == 0);
     GGML_ASSERT(ne13 % ne03 == 0);
 
@@ -2438,7 +2549,7 @@ static void maintain_cuda_graph(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx, std::vecto
                     if (stat == cudaErrorInvalidDeviceFunction) {
                         // Fails due to incorrect handling by CUDA runtime of CUDA BLAS node.
                         // We don't need to update blas nodes, so clear error and move on.
-                        cudaGetLastError();
+                        (void)cudaGetLastError();
                     } else {
                         GGML_ASSERT(stat == cudaSuccess);
                     }
@@ -2493,14 +2604,20 @@ static bool is_cuda_graph_update_required(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx,
 static void update_cuda_graph_executable(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx) {
 
     cudaGraphExecUpdateResultInfo result_info;
+#ifdef __HIP_PLATFORM_AMD__
+    hipGraphNode_t errorNode;
+    hipError_t stat = hipGraphExecUpdate(cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->instance, cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->graph, &errorNode, &result_info);
+#else
     cudaError_t stat = cudaGraphExecUpdate(cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->instance, cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->graph, &result_info);
+#endif
     if (stat == cudaErrorGraphExecUpdateFailure) {
 #ifndef NDEBUG
         GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: CUDA graph update failed\n", __func__);
 #endif
+
         // The pre-existing graph exec cannot be updated due to violated constraints
         // so instead clear error and re-instantiate
-        cudaGetLastError();
+        (void)cudaGetLastError();
         CUDA_CHECK(cudaGraphExecDestroy(cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->instance));
         cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->instance = nullptr;
         CUDA_CHECK(cudaGraphInstantiate(&cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->instance, cuda_ctx->cuda_graph->graph, NULL, NULL, 0));
@@ -2728,7 +2845,7 @@ bool ggml_backend_cuda_register_host_buffer(void * buffer, size_t size) {
     cudaError_t err = cudaHostRegister(buffer, size, cudaHostRegisterPortable | cudaHostRegisterReadOnly);
     if (err != cudaSuccess) {
         // clear the error
-        cudaGetLastError();
+        (void)cudaGetLastError();
 
         GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: failed to register %.2f MiB of pinned memory: %s\n", __func__,
                            size / 1024.0 / 1024.0, cudaGetErrorString(err));
@@ -2748,7 +2865,7 @@ void ggml_backend_cuda_unregister_host_buffer(void * buffer) {
     cudaError_t err = cudaHostUnregister(buffer);
     if (err != cudaSuccess) {
         // clear the error
-        cudaGetLastError();
+        (void)cudaGetLastError();
     }
 }
 
@@ -3002,7 +3119,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
                 return src0_type != GGML_TYPE_I32 && src0_type != GGML_TYPE_I16;
             } break;
         case GGML_OP_REPEAT_BACK:
-                return op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && op->src[0]->ne[3] == 1;
+                return op->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && (op->src[0]->ne[2]*op->src[0]->ne[3]) <= (1 << 15);
         case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
             {
                 ggml_type src0_type = op->src[0]->type;
@@ -3216,7 +3333,7 @@ static ggml_backend_feature * ggml_backend_cuda_get_features(ggml_backend_reg_t
         features.push_back({ "FORCE_CUBLAS", "1" });
     #endif
 
-    #ifdef GGML_CUDA_NO_VMM
+    #ifndef GGML_USE_VMM
         features.push_back({ "NO_VMM", "1" });
     #endif
 
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvq.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvq.cu
index e3b912d875..4fb466ca00 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvq.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvq.cu
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q_cuda(
     int64_t nwarps = 1;
     int64_t rows_per_cuda_block = 1;
 
-    if (ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_CDNA || ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc == GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA1) { // NVIDIA and AMD older than RDNA2 but not CDNA
+    if (ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc < GGML_CUDA_CC_RDNA2) { // NVIDIA and AMD older than RDNA2
         switch(ncols_y) {
             case 1:
                 nwarps = 4;
@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@ static void mul_mat_vec_q_cuda(
                 break;
         }
     }
+
     const int64_t nblocks = (nrows_x + rows_per_cuda_block - 1) / rows_per_cuda_block;
     const dim3 block_nums(nblocks, 1, 1);
     const dim3 block_dims(WARP_SIZE, nwarps, 1);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/out-prod.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/out-prod.cu
index 73e3e2c47f..c9b2b699c6 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/out-prod.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/out-prod.cu
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ void ggml_cuda_out_prod(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
     CUBLAS_CHECK(cublasSetStream(handle, stream));
 
+    const int64_t lda = nb01 / sizeof(float);
+    const int64_t ldc = nb1  / sizeof(float);
+
     const bool src1_T = ggml_is_transposed(src1);
     const cublasOperation_t src1_cublas_op =  src1_T ? CUBLAS_OP_N : CUBLAS_OP_T;
     const int64_t           ldb            = (src1_T ?        nb10 :        nb11) /  sizeof(float);
@@ -57,9 +60,9 @@ void ggml_cuda_out_prod(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
             CUBLAS_CHECK(
                 cublasSgemm(handle, CUBLAS_OP_N, src1_cublas_op,
                         ne0, ne1, ne01,
-                        &alpha, src0_d + (i3/dps3)*s03 + (i2/dps2)*s02, ne00,
+                        &alpha, src0_d + (i3/dps3)*s03 + (i2/dps2)*s02, lda,
                                 src1_d +  i3      *s13 +  i2      *s12, ldb,
-                        &beta,  dst_d  +  i3      *s3  +  i2      *s2,  ne0));
+                        &beta,  dst_d  +  i3      *s3  +  i2      *s2,  ldc));
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/softmax.cu b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/softmax.cu
index 9aa4b84893..da377200e0 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/softmax.cu
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/softmax.cu
@@ -13,6 +13,12 @@ __device__ float __forceinline__ t2f32<half>(half val) {
     return __half2float(val);
 }
 
+// When ncols_template == 0 the bounds for the loops in this function are not known and can't be unrolled.
+// As we want to keep pragma unroll for all other cases we supress the clang transformation warning here.
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wpass-failed"
+#endif
 template <bool use_shared, int ncols_template, int block_size_template, typename T>
 static __global__ void soft_max_f32(
         const float * x, const T * mask, float * dst, const int ncols_par, const int nrows_y,
@@ -118,6 +124,9 @@ static __global__ void soft_max_f32(
         dst[col] = vals[col] * inv_sum;
     }
 }
+#ifdef __clang__
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
 
 static __global__ void soft_max_back_f32(
         const float * grad, const float * dstf, float * dst, const int ncols, const float scale) {
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/hip.h b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/hip.h
index c905b15d76..8594093f05 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/hip.h
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/hip.h
@@ -19,6 +19,12 @@
 #define CUBLAS_TF32_TENSOR_OP_MATH 0
 #define CUDA_R_16F  HIPBLAS_R_16F
 #define CUDA_R_32F  HIPBLAS_R_32F
+#define CU_DEVICE_ATTRIBUTE_VIRTUAL_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT_SUPPORTED hipDeviceAttributeVirtualMemoryManagementSupported
+#define CU_MEM_ALLOC_GRANULARITY_RECOMMENDED hipMemAllocationGranularityRecommended
+#define CU_MEM_ALLOCATION_TYPE_PINNED hipMemAllocationTypePinned
+#define CU_MEM_LOCATION_TYPE_DEVICE hipMemLocationTypeDevice
+#define CU_MEM_ACCESS_FLAGS_PROT_READWRITE hipMemAccessFlagsProtReadWrite
+#define CU_CHECK(fn) {hipError_t err = fn; if(err != hipSuccess) { GGML_ABORT("HipVMM Failure: %s\n", hipGetErrorString(err)); }}
 #define __shfl_xor_sync(mask, var, laneMask, width) __shfl_xor(var, laneMask, width)
 #define cublasComputeType_t hipblasDatatype_t //deprecated, new hipblasComputeType_t not in 5.6
 #define cublasCreate hipblasCreate
@@ -74,6 +80,21 @@
 #define cudaMemGetInfo hipMemGetInfo
 #define cudaOccupancyMaxPotentialBlockSize hipOccupancyMaxPotentialBlockSize
 #define cudaSetDevice hipSetDevice
+#define cuDeviceGet hipDeviceGet
+#define CUdevice hipDevice_t
+#define CUdeviceptr hipDeviceptr_t
+#define cuMemUnmap hipMemUnmap
+#define CUmemAccessDesc hipMemAccessDesc
+#define cuMemAddressFree hipMemAddressFree
+#define cuMemRelease hipMemRelease
+#define CUmemGenericAllocationHandle hipMemGenericAllocationHandle_t
+#define cuMemCreate hipMemCreate
+#define cuMemAddressReserve hipMemAddressReserve
+#define cuMemMap hipMemMap
+#define cuMemSetAccess hipMemSetAccess
+#define cuMemGetAllocationGranularity hipMemGetAllocationGranularity
+#define CUmemAllocationProp hipMemAllocationProp
+#define cuDeviceGetAttribute hipDeviceGetAttribute
 #define cudaStreamCreateWithFlags hipStreamCreateWithFlags
 #define cudaStreamDestroy hipStreamDestroy
 #define cudaStreamFireAndForget hipStreamFireAndForget
@@ -81,6 +102,28 @@
 #define cudaStreamPerThread hipStreamPerThread
 #define cudaStreamSynchronize hipStreamSynchronize
 #define cudaStreamWaitEvent(stream, event, flags) hipStreamWaitEvent(stream, event, flags)
+#define cudaGraphExec_t hipGraphExec_t
+#define cudaGraphNode_t hipGraphNode_t
+#define cudaKernelNodeParams hipKernelNodeParams
+#define cudaKernelNodeParams hipKernelNodeParams
+#define cudaGraphExecDestroy hipGraphExecDestroy
+#define cudaGraphLaunch hipGraphLaunch
+#define cudaErrorGraphExecUpdateFailure hipErrorGraphExecUpdateFailure
+#define cudaGraphExecUpdateResultInfo hipGraphExecUpdateResult
+#define cudaGraphNodeType hipGraphNodeType
+#define cudaGraphNodeTypeKernel hipGraphNodeTypeKernel
+#define cudaGraphInstantiate hipGraphInstantiate
+#define cudaStreamEndCapture hipStreamEndCapture
+#define cudaGraphDestroy hipGraphDestroy
+#define cudaGraphKernelNodeSetParams hipGraphKernelNodeSetParams
+#define cudaErrorInvalidDeviceFunction hipErrorInvalidDeviceFunction
+#define cudaGraphKernelNodeGetParams hipGraphKernelNodeGetParams
+#define cudaGraphNodeGetType hipGraphNodeGetType
+#define cudaGraphGetNodes hipGraphGetNodes
+#define cudaGraphExecUpdate hipGraphExecUpdate
+#define cudaStreamCaptureModeRelaxed hipStreamCaptureModeRelaxed
+#define cudaStreamBeginCapture hipStreamBeginCapture
+#define cudaGraph_t hipGraph_t
 #define cudaStream_t hipStream_t
 #define cudaSuccess hipSuccess
 #define __trap() do { abort(); __builtin_unreachable(); } while(0)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-hip/CMakeLists.txt b/ggml/src/ggml-hip/CMakeLists.txt
index d090ba9bd9..7a877bdc11 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-hip/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-hip/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ find_package(hip     REQUIRED)
 find_package(hipblas REQUIRED)
 find_package(rocblas REQUIRED)
 
+if (${hip_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 5.5)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "At least ROCM/HIP V5.5 is required")
+endif()
+
 message(STATUS "HIP and hipBLAS found")
 
 file(GLOB   GGML_HEADERS_ROCM "../ggml-cuda/*.cuh")
@@ -92,6 +96,14 @@ if (GGML_CUDA_NO_PEER_COPY)
     add_compile_definitions(GGML_CUDA_NO_PEER_COPY)
 endif()
 
+if (GGML_HIP_GRAPHS)
+    add_compile_definitions(GGML_HIP_GRAPHS)
+endif()
+
+if (GGML_HIP_NO_VMM)
+    add_compile_definitions(GGML_HIP_NO_VMM)
+endif()
+
 if (CXX_IS_HIPCC)
     set_source_files_properties(${GGML_SOURCES_ROCM} PROPERTIES LANGUAGE CXX)
     target_link_libraries(ggml-hip PRIVATE hip::device)
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.m b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.m
index a85502ee08..76f8e42917 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.m
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.m
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@
 // max number of MTLCommandBuffer used to submit a graph for processing
 #define GGML_METAL_MAX_COMMAND_BUFFERS 8
 
-#define UNUSED(x) (void)(x)
+// create residency sets only on macOS >= 15.0
+#if TARGET_OS_OSX && __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= 150000
+#define GGML_METAL_HAS_RESIDENCY_SETS 1
+#endif
 
 // globals
 
@@ -39,6 +42,7 @@ static struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context {
 
     bool has_simdgroup_reduction;
     bool has_simdgroup_mm;
+    bool has_residency_sets;
     bool has_bfloat;
     bool use_bfloat;
 
@@ -48,6 +52,7 @@ static struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context {
     /*.mtl_device_ref_count    =*/ 0,
     /*.has_simdgroup_reduction =*/ false,
     /*.has_simdgroup_mm        =*/ false,
+    /*.has_residency_sets      =*/ false,
     /*.has_bfloat              =*/ false,
     /*.use_bfloat              =*/ false,
     /*.name                    =*/ "",
@@ -59,12 +64,18 @@ static id<MTLDevice> ggml_backend_metal_device_acq(struct ggml_backend_metal_dev
 
     if (ctx->mtl_device == nil) {
         ctx->mtl_device = MTLCreateSystemDefaultDevice();
+    }
 
+    if (ctx->mtl_device) {
         ctx->has_simdgroup_reduction  = [ctx->mtl_device supportsFamily:MTLGPUFamilyApple7];
         ctx->has_simdgroup_reduction |= [ctx->mtl_device supportsFamily:MTLGPUFamilyMetal3_GGML];
 
         ctx->has_simdgroup_mm = [ctx->mtl_device supportsFamily:MTLGPUFamilyApple7];
 
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_RESIDENCY_SETS)
+        ctx->has_residency_sets = getenv("GGML_METAL_NO_RESIDENCY") == NULL;
+#endif
+
         ctx->has_bfloat  = [ctx->mtl_device supportsFamily:MTLGPUFamilyMetal3_GGML];
         ctx->has_bfloat |= [ctx->mtl_device supportsFamily:MTLGPUFamilyApple6];
 
@@ -90,8 +101,10 @@ static void ggml_backend_metal_device_rel(struct ggml_backend_metal_device_conte
     ctx->mtl_device_ref_count--;
 
     if (ctx->mtl_device_ref_count == 0) {
-        [ctx->mtl_device release];
-        ctx->mtl_device = nil;
+        if (ctx->mtl_device) {
+            [ctx->mtl_device release];
+            ctx->mtl_device = nil;
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -483,6 +496,11 @@ static struct ggml_backend_metal_context * ggml_metal_init(ggml_backend_dev_t de
     GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: picking default device: %s\n", __func__, [[device name] UTF8String]);
 
     ctx->queue  = [device newCommandQueue];
+    if (ctx->queue == nil) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to create command queue\n", __func__);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
     ctx->d_queue = dispatch_queue_create("ggml-metal", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
 
     id<MTLLibrary> metal_library;
@@ -649,6 +667,7 @@ static struct ggml_backend_metal_context * ggml_metal_init(ggml_backend_dev_t de
 
     GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: simdgroup reduction   = %s\n", __func__, ctx_dev->has_simdgroup_reduction     ? "true" : "false");
     GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: simdgroup matrix mul. = %s\n", __func__, ctx_dev->has_simdgroup_mm            ? "true" : "false");
+    GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: has residency sets    = %s\n", __func__, ctx_dev->has_residency_sets          ? "true" : "false");
     GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: has bfloat            = %s\n", __func__, ctx_dev->has_bfloat                  ? "true" : "false");
     GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: use bfloat            = %s\n", __func__, ctx_dev->use_bfloat                  ? "true" : "false");
     GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: hasUnifiedMemory      = %s\n", __func__, ctx_dev->mtl_device.hasUnifiedMemory ? "true" : "false");
@@ -1035,8 +1054,70 @@ struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_context {
     // multiple buffers are used only to avoid the maximum buffer size limitation when using mmap
     int n_buffers;
     struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer buffers[GGML_METAL_MAX_BUFFERS];
+
+    // optional MTLResidencySet
+    id rset;
 };
 
+// rset init
+static bool ggml_backend_metal_buffer_rset_init(
+        struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context * ctx_dev,
+        id<MTLDevice> device) {
+    ctx->rset = nil;
+
+    if (!ctx_dev->has_residency_sets) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_RESIDENCY_SETS)
+    if (@available(macOS 15.0, *)) {
+        MTLResidencySetDescriptor * desc = [[MTLResidencySetDescriptor alloc] init];
+        desc.label = @"ggml_backend_metal";
+        desc.initialCapacity = ctx->n_buffers;
+
+        NSError * error;
+        ctx->rset = [device newResidencySetWithDescriptor:desc error:&error];
+        if (error) {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: %s\n", __func__, [[error description] UTF8String]);
+            [desc release];
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        [desc release];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < ctx->n_buffers; i++) {
+            [ctx->rset addAllocation:ctx->buffers[i].metal];
+        }
+
+        [ctx->rset commit];
+        [ctx->rset requestResidency];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+#else
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx_dev);
+    GGML_UNUSED(device);
+#endif
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// rset free
+static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_rset_free(struct ggml_backend_metal_buffer_context * ctx) {
+#if defined(GGML_METAL_HAS_RESIDENCY_SETS)
+    if (@available(macOS 15.0, *)) {
+        if (ctx->rset) {
+            [ctx->rset endResidency];
+            [ctx->rset removeAllAllocations];
+            [ctx->rset release];
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    GGML_UNUSED(ctx);
+#endif
+}
+
 // finds the Metal buffer that contains the tensor data on the GPU device
 // the assumption is that there is 1-to-1 mapping between the host and device memory buffers, so we can find the
 // Metal buffer based on the host memory pointer
@@ -4176,6 +4257,8 @@ static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer)
     for (int i = 0; i < ctx->n_buffers; i++) {
         [ctx->buffers[i].metal release];
     }
+
+    ggml_backend_metal_buffer_rset_free(ctx);
     ggml_backend_metal_device_rel(buffer->buft->device->context);
 
     if (ctx->owned) {
@@ -4198,19 +4281,19 @@ static void * ggml_backend_metal_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
 static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_memset_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, uint8_t value, size_t offset, size_t size) {
     memset((char *)tensor->data + offset, value, size);
 
-    UNUSED(buffer);
+    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
     memcpy((char *)tensor->data + offset, data, size);
 
-    UNUSED(buffer);
+    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_get_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
     memcpy(data, (const char *)tensor->data + offset, size);
 
-    UNUSED(buffer);
+    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
 }
 
 static bool ggml_backend_metal_buffer_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const struct ggml_tensor * src, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -4220,7 +4303,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_metal_buffer_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, c
     }
     return false;
 
-    UNUSED(buffer);
+    GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_metal_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
@@ -4246,7 +4329,7 @@ static struct ggml_backend_buffer_i ggml_backend_metal_buffer_i = {
 static const char * ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
     return "Metal";
 
-    UNUSED(buft);
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_metal_log_allocated_size(id<MTLDevice> device, size_t size_aligned) {
@@ -4270,8 +4353,8 @@ static void ggml_backend_metal_log_allocated_size(id<MTLDevice> device, size_t s
     }
 #endif
 #endif
-    UNUSED(device);
-    UNUSED(size_aligned);
+    GGML_UNUSED(device);
+    GGML_UNUSED(size_aligned);
 }
 
 static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, size_t size) {
@@ -4284,7 +4367,8 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_ba
         size_aligned += (size_page - (size_aligned % size_page));
     }
 
-    id<MTLDevice> device = ggml_backend_metal_device_acq(buft->device->context);
+    struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context * ctx_dev = (struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context *)buft->device->context;
+    id<MTLDevice> device = ggml_backend_metal_device_acq(ctx_dev);
 
     ctx->all_data = ggml_metal_host_malloc(size_aligned);
     ctx->all_size = size_aligned;
@@ -4307,7 +4391,14 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_ba
     if (size_aligned > 0 && (ctx->all_data == NULL || ctx->buffers[0].metal == nil)) {
         GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to allocate buffer, size = %8.2f MiB\n", __func__, size_aligned / 1024.0 / 1024.0);
         free(ctx);
-        ggml_backend_metal_device_rel(buft->device->context);
+        ggml_backend_metal_device_rel(ctx_dev);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (!ggml_backend_metal_buffer_rset_init(ctx, ctx_dev, device)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to initialize residency set\n", __func__);
+        free(ctx);
+        ggml_backend_metal_device_rel(ctx_dev);
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -4318,7 +4409,7 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_ba
 
 static size_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
     return 32;
-    UNUSED(buft);
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
 }
 
 static size_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_get_max_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
@@ -4328,13 +4419,13 @@ static size_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_get_max_size(ggml_backend_buffer_ty
 
     return max_size;
 
-    UNUSED(buft);
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
 }
 
 static bool ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_is_host(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
     return true;
 
-    UNUSED(buft);
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
 }
 
 ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type(void) {
@@ -4357,7 +4448,7 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type(void) {
 static const char * ggml_backend_metal_buffer_from_ptr_type_get_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
     return "Metal_Mapped";
 
-    UNUSED(buft);
+    GGML_UNUSED(buft);
 }
 
 static ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_from_ptr_type(void) {
@@ -4400,7 +4491,8 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_from_ptr(void * data, size_t siz
         size_aligned += (size_page - (size_aligned % size_page));
     }
 
-    id<MTLDevice> device = ggml_backend_metal_device_acq(&g_ggml_ctx_dev_main);
+    struct ggml_backend_metal_device_context * ctx_dev = &g_ggml_ctx_dev_main;
+    id<MTLDevice> device = ggml_backend_metal_device_acq(ctx_dev);
 
     // the buffer fits into the max buffer size allowed by the device
     if (size_aligned <= device.maxBufferLength) {
@@ -4453,6 +4545,13 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_from_ptr(void * data, size_t siz
         }
     }
 
+    if (!ggml_backend_metal_buffer_rset_init(ctx, ctx_dev, device)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to initialize residency set\n", __func__);
+        free(ctx);
+        ggml_backend_metal_device_rel(ctx_dev);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
     return ggml_backend_buffer_init(ggml_backend_metal_buffer_from_ptr_type(), ggml_backend_metal_buffer_i, ctx, size);
 }
 
@@ -4461,7 +4560,7 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_from_ptr(void * data, size_t siz
 static const char * ggml_backend_metal_name(ggml_backend_t backend) {
     return "Metal";
 
-    UNUSED(backend);
+    GGML_UNUSED(backend);
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_metal_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
@@ -4766,6 +4865,13 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_metal_device_buffer_from_ptr(ggml_back
         }
     }
 
+    if (!ggml_backend_metal_buffer_rset_init(ctx, ctx_dev, device)) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: error: failed to initialize residency set\n", __func__);
+        free(ctx);
+        ggml_backend_metal_device_rel(ctx_dev);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
     return ggml_backend_buffer_init(ggml_backend_metal_buffer_from_ptr_type(), ggml_backend_metal_buffer_i, ctx, size);
 }
 
@@ -4779,7 +4885,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_metal_device_supports_buft(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, ggml
     return buft->iface.get_name == ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type_get_name ||
             buft->iface.get_name == ggml_backend_metal_buffer_from_ptr_type_get_name;
 
-    UNUSED(dev);
+    GGML_UNUSED(dev);
 }
 
 static bool ggml_backend_metal_device_offload_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.metal b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.metal
index 8ba43904d0..44f04c909b 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.metal
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-metal/ggml-metal.metal
@@ -4416,7 +4416,6 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q2_K_f32_impl(
         device const half     * dh = &x[ib].d;
 
         for (int row = 0; row < N_DST; row++) {
-
             float4 acc1 = {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
             float4 acc2 = {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
             for (int i = 0; i < 8; i += 2) {
@@ -4447,7 +4446,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q2_K_f32_impl(
 
     device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + (uint64_t)r1*args.ne0;
 
-    for (int row = 0; row < N_DST; ++row) {
+    for (int row = 0; row < N_DST && first_row + row < args.ne0; ++row) {
         all_sum = simd_sum(sumf[row]);
         if (tiisg == 0) {
             dst_f32[first_row + row] = all_sum;
@@ -4613,7 +4612,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q3_K_f32_impl(
     device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + (uint64_t)r1*args.ne0;
 
     if (tiisg == 0) {
-        for (int row = 0; row < 2; ++row) {
+        for (int row = 0; row < 2 && first_row + row < args.ne0; ++row) {
             dst_f32[first_row + row] = sumf1[row];
         }
     }
@@ -4729,7 +4728,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q4_K_f32_impl(
 
     device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (int64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + (int64_t)r1*args.ne0;
 
-    for (int row = 0; row < N_DST; ++row) {
+    for (int row = 0; row < N_DST && first_row + row < args.ne0; ++row) {
         all_sum = simd_sum(sumf[row]);
         if (tiisg == 0) {
             dst_f32[first_row + row] = all_sum;
@@ -4861,7 +4860,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q5_K_f32_impl(
 
     device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + (uint64_t)r1*args.ne0;
 
-    for (int row = 0; row < 2; ++row) {
+    for (int row = 0; row < 2 && first_row + row < args.ne0; ++row) {
         const float tot = simd_sum(sumf[row]);
         if (tiisg == 0) {
             dst_f32[first_row + row] = tot;
@@ -4906,6 +4905,10 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_q6_K_f32_impl(
 
     const int row = 2*r0 + sgitg;
 
+    if (row >= args.ne0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     const uint i12 = im%args.ne12;
     const uint i13 = im/args.ne12;
 
@@ -5061,7 +5064,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq2_xxs_f32_impl(
 
     device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + (uint64_t)r1*args.ne0;
 
-    for (int row = 0; row < N_DST; ++row) {
+    for (int row = 0; row < N_DST && first_row + row < args.ne0; ++row) {
         all_sum = simd_sum(sumf[row]);
         if (tiisg == 0) {
             dst_f32[first_row + row] = all_sum * 0.25f;
@@ -5179,7 +5182,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq2_xs_f32_impl(
 
     device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + (uint64_t)r1*args.ne0;
 
-    for (int row = 0; row < N_DST; ++row) {
+    for (int row = 0; row < N_DST && first_row + row < args.ne0; ++row) {
         all_sum = simd_sum(sumf[row]);
         if (tiisg == 0) {
             dst_f32[first_row + row] = all_sum * 0.25f;
@@ -5289,7 +5292,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq3_xxs_f32_impl(
 
     device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + (uint64_t)r1*args.ne0;
 
-    for (int row = 0; row < N_DST; ++row) {
+    for (int row = 0; row < N_DST && first_row + row < args.ne0; ++row) {
         all_sum = simd_sum(sumf[row]);
         if (tiisg == 0) {
             dst_f32[first_row + row] = all_sum * 0.5f;
@@ -5401,7 +5404,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq3_s_f32_impl(
 
     device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + (uint64_t)r1*args.ne0;
 
-    for (int row = 0; row < N_DST; ++row) {
+    for (int row = 0; row < N_DST && first_row + row < args.ne0; ++row) {
         all_sum = simd_sum(sumf[row]);
         if (tiisg == 0) {
             dst_f32[first_row + row] = all_sum;
@@ -5514,7 +5517,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq2_s_f32_impl(
 
     device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + (uint64_t)r1*args.ne0;
 
-    for (int row = 0; row < N_DST; ++row) {
+    for (int row = 0; row < N_DST && first_row + row < args.ne0; ++row) {
         all_sum = simd_sum(sumf[row]);
         if (tiisg == 0) {
             dst_f32[first_row + row] = all_sum * 0.25f;
@@ -5614,7 +5617,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq1_s_f32_impl(
 
     device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + (uint64_t)r1*args.ne0;
 
-    for (int row = 0; row < N_DST; ++row) {
+    for (int row = 0; row < N_DST && first_row + row < args.ne0; ++row) {
         all_sum = simd_sum(sumf[row]);
         if (tiisg == 0) {
             dst_f32[first_row + row] = all_sum;
@@ -5709,7 +5712,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq1_m_f32_impl(
 
     device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + (uint64_t)r1*args.ne0;
 
-    for (int row = 0; row < N_DST; ++row) {
+    for (int row = 0; row < N_DST && first_row + row < args.ne0; ++row) {
         all_sum = simd_sum(sumf[row]);
         if (tiisg == 0) {
             dst_f32[first_row + row] = all_sum;
@@ -5799,7 +5802,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq4_nl_f32_impl(
 
     device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + (uint64_t)r1*args.ne0;
 
-    for (int row = 0; row < 2 && first_row + row < args.ne01; ++row) {
+    for (int row = 0; row < 2 && first_row + row < args.ne0; ++row) {
         all_sum = simd_sum(sumf[row]);
         if (tiisg == 0) {
             dst_f32[first_row + row] = all_sum;
@@ -5888,7 +5891,7 @@ void kernel_mul_mv_iq4_xs_f32_impl(
 
     device float * dst_f32 = (device float *) dst + (uint64_t)im*args.ne0*args.ne1 + (uint64_t)r1*args.ne0;
 
-    for (int row = 0; row < 2; ++row) {
+    for (int row = 0; row < 2 && first_row + row < args.ne0; ++row) {
         all_sum = simd_sum(sumf[row]);
         if (tiisg == 0) {
             dst_f32[first_row + row] = all_sum;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-rpc/ggml-rpc.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-rpc/ggml-rpc.cpp
index 63da2b86b1..3d0c465780 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-rpc/ggml-rpc.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-rpc/ggml-rpc.cpp
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ struct ggml_backend_rpc_context {
 
 struct ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context {
     std::shared_ptr<socket_t> sock;
-    std::unordered_map<ggml_backend_buffer_t, void *> base_cache;
+    void * base_ptr;
     uint64_t remote_ptr;
 };
 
@@ -423,16 +423,15 @@ static void ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
 
 static void * ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
     ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context *)buffer->context;
-    if (ctx->base_cache.find(buffer) != ctx->base_cache.end()) {
-        return ctx->base_cache[buffer];
+    if (ctx->base_ptr != nullptr) {
+        return ctx->base_ptr;
     }
     rpc_msg_buffer_get_base_req request = {ctx->remote_ptr};
     rpc_msg_buffer_get_base_rsp response;
     bool status = send_rpc_cmd(ctx->sock, RPC_CMD_BUFFER_GET_BASE, &request, sizeof(request), &response, sizeof(response));
     GGML_ASSERT(status);
-    void * base_ptr = reinterpret_cast<void *>(response.base_ptr);
-    ctx->base_cache[buffer] = base_ptr;
-    return base_ptr;
+    ctx->base_ptr = reinterpret_cast<void *>(response.base_ptr);
+    return ctx->base_ptr;
 }
 
 static rpc_tensor serialize_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
@@ -557,7 +556,7 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(ggml_back
     if (response.remote_ptr != 0) {
         ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer = ggml_backend_buffer_init(buft,
             ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_interface,
-            new ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context{sock, {}, response.remote_ptr},
+            new ggml_backend_rpc_buffer_context{sock, nullptr, response.remote_ptr},
             response.remote_size);
         return buffer;
     } else {
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/common.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/common.hpp
index e9500f3a16..abad847ca8 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/common.hpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/common.hpp
@@ -333,8 +333,12 @@ struct ggml_backend_sycl_context {
     // pool
     std::unique_ptr<ggml_sycl_pool> pools[GGML_SYCL_MAX_DEVICES];
 
+    std::unique_ptr<ggml_sycl_pool> host_pools[GGML_SYCL_MAX_DEVICES];
+
     static std::unique_ptr<ggml_sycl_pool> new_pool_for_device(queue_ptr qptr, int device);
 
+    static std::unique_ptr<ggml_sycl_pool> new_pool_for_host(queue_ptr qptr, int device);
+
     ggml_sycl_pool & pool(int device) {
         if (pools[device] == nullptr) {
             pools[device] = new_pool_for_device(stream(device,0), device);
@@ -345,6 +349,15 @@ struct ggml_backend_sycl_context {
     ggml_sycl_pool & pool() {
         return pool(device);
     }
+
+    ggml_sycl_pool & host_pool(int device) {
+        if (host_pools[device] == nullptr) {
+            host_pools[device] = new_pool_for_host(stream(device, 0), device);
+        }
+        return *host_pools[device];
+    }
+
+    ggml_sycl_pool & host_pool() { return host_pool(device); }
 };
 
 // common device functions
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/dpct/helper.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/dpct/helper.hpp
index e167948e7a..c96395be61 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/dpct/helper.hpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/dpct/helper.hpp
@@ -82,6 +82,14 @@ inline std::string get_device_backend_and_type(const sycl::device &device) {
     return device_type.str();
 }
 
+template <typename Ts> struct matrix_info_t {
+    oneapi::mkl::transpose transpose_info[2];
+    Ts                     value_info[2];
+    std::int64_t           size_info[3];
+    std::int64_t           ld_info[3];
+    std::int64_t           groupsize_info;
+};
+
 namespace dpct
 {
     typedef sycl::queue *queue_ptr;
@@ -1727,26 +1735,13 @@ namespace dpct
         };
 
         template <class Ta, class Tb, class Tc, class Ts>
-        inline void gemm_batch_impl(sycl::queue &q, oneapi::mkl::transpose a_trans,
-                                    oneapi::mkl::transpose b_trans, int m, int n, int k,
-                                    const void *alpha, const void **a, int lda,
-                                    const void **b, int ldb, const void *beta, void **c,
-                                    int ldc, int batch_size)
-        {
-            struct matrix_info_t
-            {
-                oneapi::mkl::transpose transpose_info[2];
-                Ts value_info[2];
-                std::int64_t size_info[3];
-                std::int64_t ld_info[3];
-                std::int64_t groupsize_info;
-            };
-
+        inline void gemm_batch_impl(sycl::queue & q, oneapi::mkl::transpose a_trans, oneapi::mkl::transpose b_trans,
+                                    int m, int n, int k, const void * alpha, const void ** a, int lda, const void ** b,
+                                    int ldb, const void * beta, void ** c, int ldc, int batch_size,
+                                    matrix_info_t<float> * matrix_info) {
             Ts alpha_value = dpct::get_value(reinterpret_cast<const Ts *>(alpha), q);
             Ts beta_value = dpct::get_value(reinterpret_cast<const Ts *>(beta), q);
 
-            matrix_info_t *matrix_info =
-                (matrix_info_t *)std::malloc(sizeof(matrix_info_t));
             matrix_info->transpose_info[0] = a_trans;
             matrix_info->transpose_info[1] = b_trans;
             matrix_info->value_info[0] = alpha_value;
@@ -1763,23 +1758,18 @@ namespace dpct
             sycl::event e = oneapi::mkl::blas::column_major::gemm_batch(
                 oneapi::mkl::backend_selector<oneapi::mkl::backend::cublas>{ q }, matrix_info->transpose_info,
                 matrix_info->transpose_info + 1, matrix_info->size_info, matrix_info->size_info + 1,
-                matrix_info->size_info + 2, matrix_info->value_info, reinterpret_cast<const Ta **>(a),
-                matrix_info->ld_info, reinterpret_cast<const Tb **>(b), matrix_info->ld_info + 1,
-                matrix_info->value_info + 1, reinterpret_cast<Tc **>(c), matrix_info->ld_info + 2, 1,
-                &(matrix_info->groupsize_info));
+                matrix_info->size_info + 2, reinterpret_cast<Ts *>(matrix_info->value_info),
+                reinterpret_cast<const Ta **>(a), matrix_info->ld_info, reinterpret_cast<const Tb **>(b),
+                matrix_info->ld_info + 1, reinterpret_cast<Ts *>(matrix_info->value_info + 1),
+                reinterpret_cast<Tc **>(c), matrix_info->ld_info + 2, 1, &(matrix_info->groupsize_info));
 #else
             sycl::event e = oneapi::mkl::blas::column_major::gemm_batch(
                 q, matrix_info->transpose_info, matrix_info->transpose_info + 1, matrix_info->size_info,
-                matrix_info->size_info + 1, matrix_info->size_info + 2, matrix_info->value_info,
+                matrix_info->size_info + 1, matrix_info->size_info + 2, reinterpret_cast<Ts *>(matrix_info->value_info),
                 reinterpret_cast<const Ta **>(a), matrix_info->ld_info, reinterpret_cast<const Tb **>(b),
-                matrix_info->ld_info + 1, matrix_info->value_info + 1, reinterpret_cast<Tc **>(c),
-                matrix_info->ld_info + 2, 1, &(matrix_info->groupsize_info));
+                matrix_info->ld_info + 1, reinterpret_cast<Ts *>(matrix_info->value_info + 1),
+                reinterpret_cast<Tc **>(c), matrix_info->ld_info + 2, 1, &(matrix_info->groupsize_info));
 #endif
-
-            q.submit([&](sycl::handler &cgh)
-                     {
-    cgh.depends_on(e);
-    cgh.host_task([=] { std::free(matrix_info); }); });
         }
 
         template <class Ta, class Tb, class Tc, class Ts>
@@ -2422,25 +2412,11 @@ namespace dpct
     /// \param [in] ldc Leading dimension of C.
     /// \param [in] batch_size Specifies the number of matrix multiply operations to perform.
     /// \param [in] scaling_type Data type of the scaling factors.
-    inline void gemm_batch(sycl::queue &q, oneapi::mkl::transpose a_trans,
-                           oneapi::mkl::transpose b_trans, int m, int n, int k,
-                           const void *alpha, const void *a[],
-                           library_data_t a_type, int lda, const void *b[],
-                           library_data_t b_type, int ldb, const void *beta,
-                           void *c[], library_data_t c_type, int ldc,
-                           int batch_size, library_data_t scaling_type)
-    {
-        if (scaling_type == library_data_t::real_float &&
-            c_type == library_data_t::complex_float)
-        {
-            scaling_type = library_data_t::complex_float;
-        }
-        else if (scaling_type == library_data_t::real_double &&
-                 c_type == library_data_t::complex_double)
-        {
-            scaling_type = library_data_t::complex_double;
-        }
-
+    inline void gemm_batch(sycl::queue & q, oneapi::mkl::transpose a_trans, oneapi::mkl::transpose b_trans, int m,
+                           int n, int k, const void * alpha, const void * a[], library_data_t a_type, int lda,
+                           const void * b[], library_data_t b_type, int ldb, const void * beta, void * c[],
+                           library_data_t c_type, int ldc, int batch_size, library_data_t scaling_type,
+                           matrix_info_t<float> * matrix_info) {
         std::uint64_t key =
             detail::get_type_combination_id(a_type, b_type, c_type, scaling_type);
         switch (key)
@@ -2449,48 +2425,24 @@ namespace dpct
             library_data_t::real_float, library_data_t::real_float,
             library_data_t::real_float, library_data_t::real_float):
         {
-            detail::gemm_batch_impl<float, float, float, float>(
-                q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda, b, ldb, beta, c, ldc,
-                batch_size);
+            detail::gemm_batch_impl<float, float, float, float>(q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda, b, ldb,
+                                                                beta, c, ldc, batch_size, matrix_info);
             break;
         }
         case detail::get_type_combination_id(
             library_data_t::real_double, library_data_t::real_double,
             library_data_t::real_double, library_data_t::real_double):
         {
-            detail::gemm_batch_impl<double, double, double, double>(
-                q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda, b, ldb, beta, c, ldc,
-                batch_size);
-            break;
-        }
-        case detail::get_type_combination_id(
-            library_data_t::complex_float, library_data_t::complex_float,
-            library_data_t::complex_float, library_data_t::complex_float):
-        {
-            detail::gemm_batch_impl<std::complex<float>, std::complex<float>,
-                                    std::complex<float>, std::complex<float>>(
-                q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda, b, ldb, beta, c, ldc,
-                batch_size);
-            break;
-        }
-        case detail::get_type_combination_id(
-            library_data_t::complex_double, library_data_t::complex_double,
-            library_data_t::complex_double, library_data_t::complex_double):
-        {
-            detail::gemm_batch_impl<std::complex<double>, std::complex<double>,
-                                    std::complex<double>, std::complex<double>>(
-                q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda, b, ldb, beta, c, ldc,
-                batch_size);
+            detail::gemm_batch_impl<double, double, double, double>(q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda, b, ldb,
+                                                                    beta, c, ldc, batch_size, matrix_info);
             break;
         }
         case detail::get_type_combination_id(
             library_data_t::real_half, library_data_t::real_half,
             library_data_t::real_half, library_data_t::real_half):
         {
-            detail::gemm_batch_impl<sycl::half, sycl::half, sycl::half,
-                                    sycl::half>(q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha,
-                                                a, lda, b, ldb, beta, c, ldc,
-                                                batch_size);
+            detail::gemm_batch_impl<sycl::half, sycl::half, sycl::half, sycl::half>(
+                q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda, b, ldb, beta, c, ldc, batch_size, matrix_info);
             break;
         }
 #ifdef __INTEL_MKL__
@@ -2498,19 +2450,16 @@ namespace dpct
             library_data_t::real_bfloat16, library_data_t::real_bfloat16,
             library_data_t::real_bfloat16, library_data_t::real_float):
         {
-            detail::gemm_batch_impl<oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, oneapi::mkl::bfloat16,
-                                    oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, float>(
-                q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda, b, ldb, beta, c, ldc,
-                batch_size);
+            detail::gemm_batch_impl<oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, float>(
+                q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda, b, ldb, beta, c, ldc, batch_size, matrix_info);
             break;
         }
         case detail::get_type_combination_id(
             library_data_t::real_bfloat16, library_data_t::real_bfloat16,
             library_data_t::real_float, library_data_t::real_float):
         {
-            detail::gemm_batch_impl<oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, float,
-                                    float>(q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda,
-                                           b, ldb, beta, c, ldc, batch_size);
+            detail::gemm_batch_impl<oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, oneapi::mkl::bfloat16, float, float>(
+                q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda, b, ldb, beta, c, ldc, batch_size, matrix_info);
             break;
         }
 #endif
@@ -2522,10 +2471,9 @@ namespace dpct
                 dpct::get_value(reinterpret_cast<const std::int32_t *>(alpha), q);
             float beta_float =
                 dpct::get_value(reinterpret_cast<const std::int32_t *>(beta), q);
-            detail::gemm_batch_impl<std::int8_t, std::int8_t, std::int32_t,
-                                    float>(q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, &alpha_float,
-                                           a, lda, b, ldb, &beta_float, c, ldc,
-                                           batch_size);
+            detail::gemm_batch_impl<std::int8_t, std::int8_t, std::int32_t, float>(
+                q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, &alpha_float, a, lda, b, ldb, &beta_float, c, ldc, batch_size,
+                matrix_info);
             break;
         }
         case detail::get_type_combination_id(
@@ -2533,8 +2481,7 @@ namespace dpct
             library_data_t::real_float, library_data_t::real_float):
         {
             detail::gemm_batch_impl<std::int8_t, std::int8_t, float, float>(
-                q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda, b, ldb, beta, c, ldc,
-                batch_size);
+                q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda, b, ldb, beta, c, ldc, batch_size, matrix_info);
             break;
         }
         case detail::get_type_combination_id(
@@ -2542,8 +2489,7 @@ namespace dpct
             library_data_t::real_float, library_data_t::real_float):
         {
             detail::gemm_batch_impl<sycl::half, sycl::half, float, float>(
-                q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda, b, ldb, beta, c, ldc,
-                batch_size);
+                q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, alpha, a, lda, b, ldb, beta, c, ldc, batch_size, matrix_info);
             break;
         }
         case detail::get_type_combination_id(
@@ -2557,8 +2503,7 @@ namespace dpct
             sycl::half alpha_half(alpha_value);
             sycl::half beta_half(beta_value);
             detail::gemm_batch_impl<sycl::half, sycl::half, sycl::half, sycl::half>(
-                q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, &alpha_half, a, lda, b, ldb, &beta_half, c, ldc,
-                batch_size);
+                q, a_trans, b_trans, m, n, k, &alpha_half, a, lda, b, ldb, &beta_half, c, ldc, batch_size, matrix_info);
             break;
         }
         default:
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/ggml-sycl.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/ggml-sycl.cpp
index 5272ca4542..2984ed82e8 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/ggml-sycl.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/ggml-sycl.cpp
@@ -1173,6 +1173,85 @@ struct ggml_sycl_pool_leg : public ggml_sycl_pool {
     }
 };
 
+struct ggml_sycl_pool_host : public ggml_sycl_pool {
+    queue_ptr qptr;
+    int       device;
+
+    inline static int counter{ 0 };
+
+    struct ggml_sycl_buffer {
+        void * ptr  = nullptr;
+        size_t size = 0;
+    };
+
+    // Set arbitrarly to 64
+    static constexpr int          MAX_POOL_SIZE{ 64 };
+    std::vector<ggml_sycl_buffer> buffer_pool = std::vector<ggml_sycl_buffer>(MAX_POOL_SIZE);
+    size_t                        pool_size   = 0;
+
+    explicit ggml_sycl_pool_host(queue_ptr qptr_, int device_) : qptr(qptr_), device(device_) {}
+
+    ~ggml_sycl_pool_host() {
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_POOL_SIZE; ++i) {
+            ggml_sycl_buffer & b = buffer_pool[i];
+            if (b.ptr != nullptr) {
+                SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(sycl::free(b.ptr, *qptr)));
+                b.ptr = nullptr;
+                pool_size -= b.size;
+                b.size = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        counter = 0;
+    }
+
+    void * alloc(size_t size, size_t * actual_size) override {
+        if (counter == MAX_POOL_SIZE) {
+            ggml_sycl_buffer b               = buffer_pool[0];
+            void *           ptr             = b.ptr;
+            *actual_size                     = b.size;
+            counter                          = 1;
+            return ptr;
+        }
+        ggml_sycl_buffer & b = buffer_pool[counter];
+
+        if (b.ptr == nullptr) {
+            void * ptr;
+
+            SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(ptr = (void *) sycl::malloc_host(size, *qptr)));
+            if (!ptr) {
+                GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: can't allocate %lu Bytes of memory on host\n", __func__, size);
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            pool_size += size;
+            *actual_size = size;
+            counter      = counter + 1;
+            return ptr;
+        } else {
+            ++counter;
+            b.size = size;
+            return b.ptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void free(void * ptr, size_t size) override {
+        // if the pool is not completed add the pointer to it in place of the first nullptr found.
+        // Otherwise do nothing, pointers will be freed once the pool is deallocated.
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_POOL_SIZE; ++i) {
+            ggml_sycl_buffer & b = buffer_pool[i];
+            if (b.ptr == nullptr) {
+                b.ptr  = ptr;
+                b.size = size;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+std::unique_ptr<ggml_sycl_pool> ggml_backend_sycl_context::new_pool_for_host(queue_ptr qptr, int device) {
+    // return pool for the host to speed up memory management
+    return std::unique_ptr<ggml_sycl_pool>(new ggml_sycl_pool_host(qptr, device));
+}
+
 std::unique_ptr<ggml_sycl_pool> ggml_backend_sycl_context::new_pool_for_device(queue_ptr qptr, int device) {
     // TBD: NO VMM support
     // if (ggml_sycl_info().devices[device].vmm) {
@@ -3363,6 +3442,7 @@ static void ggml_sycl_mul_mat_batched_sycl(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx,
 
         ggml_sycl_pool_alloc<const void *> ptrs_src(ctx.pool(), 2*ne23);
         ggml_sycl_pool_alloc<      void *> ptrs_dst(ctx.pool(), 1*ne23);
+        ggml_sycl_pool_alloc<matrix_info_t<float>> matrix_info(ctx.host_pool(), 1);
 
         sycl::range<3> block_dims(1, ne12, ne13);
         /*
@@ -3391,14 +3471,10 @@ static void ggml_sycl_mul_mat_batched_sycl(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx,
             });
         }
         SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(dpct::gemm_batch(
-            *main_stream, oneapi::mkl::transpose::trans,
-            oneapi::mkl::transpose::nontrans, ne01, ne11, ne10, alpha,
-            (const void **)(ptrs_src.get() + 0 * ne23),
-            dpct::library_data_t::real_half, nb01 / nb00,
-            (const void **)(ptrs_src.get() + 1 * ne23),
-            dpct::library_data_t::real_half, nb11 / nb10, beta,
-            (void **)(ptrs_dst.get() + 0 * ne23), cu_data_type, ne01, ne23,
-            cu_compute_type)));
+            *main_stream, oneapi::mkl::transpose::trans, oneapi::mkl::transpose::nontrans, ne01, ne11, ne10, alpha,
+            (const void **) (ptrs_src.get() + 0 * ne23), dpct::library_data_t::real_half, nb01 / nb00,
+            (const void **) (ptrs_src.get() + 1 * ne23), dpct::library_data_t::real_half, nb11 / nb10, beta,
+            (void **) (ptrs_dst.get() + 0 * ne23), cu_data_type, ne01, ne23, cu_compute_type, matrix_info.get())));
     }
 }
 catch (sycl::exception const &exc) {
@@ -3802,10 +3878,6 @@ static void ggml_sycl_diag_mask_inf(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor
     ggml_sycl_op_flatten(ctx, dst->src[0], dst->src[1], dst, ggml_sycl_op_diag_mask_inf);
 }
 
-static void ggml_sycl_soft_max(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    ggml_sycl_op_flatten(ctx, dst->src[0], dst->src[1], dst, ggml_sycl_op_soft_max);
-}
-
 static void ggml_sycl_rope(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(dst->src[0])); // TODO: this restriction is temporary until non-cont support is implemented
     ggml_sycl_op_flatten(ctx, dst->src[0], dst->src[1], dst, ggml_sycl_op_rope);
@@ -4014,7 +4086,7 @@ bool ggml_sycl_compute_forward(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, struct ggml_tens
             ggml_sycl_diag_mask_inf(ctx, dst);
             break;
         case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
-            ggml_sycl_soft_max(ctx, dst);
+            ggml_sycl_op_soft_max(ctx, dst);
             break;
         case GGML_OP_ROPE:
             ggml_sycl_rope(ctx, dst);
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/softmax.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/softmax.cpp
index a9b3fce0dc..563e0655f5 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/softmax.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/softmax.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-#include "norm.hpp"
+#include "softmax.hpp"
 
-template <bool vals_smem, int ncols_template, int block_size_template>
-static void soft_max_f32(const float * x, const float * mask, float * dst, const int ncols_par,
+template <bool vals_smem, int ncols_template, int block_size_template, typename T>
+static void soft_max_f32(const float * x, const T * mask, float * dst, const int ncols_par,
                          const int nrows_y, const float scale, const float max_bias, const float m0,
                          const float m1, uint32_t n_head_log2, const sycl::nd_item<3> &item_ct1, float *buf) {
     const int ncols = ncols_template == 0 ? ncols_par : ncols_template;
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ static void soft_max_f32(const float * x, const float * mask, float * dst, const
         slope = sycl::pow(base, float(exp));
     }
 
-    float *vals = vals_smem ? buf + std::max(nwarps, WARP_SIZE) : dst + rowx * ncols;
+    float *vals = vals_smem ? buf + sycl::max(nwarps, WARP_SIZE) : dst + rowx * ncols;
     float max_val = -INFINITY;
 
     for (int col0 = 0; col0 < ncols; col0 += block_size) {
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ static void soft_max_f32(const float * x, const float * mask, float * dst, const
         const int ix = rowx*ncols + col;
         const int iy = rowy*ncols + col;
 
-        const float val = x[ix]*scale + (mask ? slope*mask[iy] : 0.0f);
+        const float val = x[ix]*scale + (mask ? slope*static_cast<float>(mask[iy]) : 0.0f);
 
         vals[col] = val;
         max_val = sycl::max(max_val, val);
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ static void soft_max_f32(const float * x, const float * mask, float * dst, const
         item_ct1.barrier(sycl::access::fence_space::local_space);
         max_val = buf[lane_id];
         for (size_t i = 1; i < nreduce; i += 1) {
-            max_val = std::max(max_val, buf[lane_id + i * WARP_SIZE]);
+            max_val = sycl::max(max_val, buf[lane_id + i * WARP_SIZE]);
         }
         max_val = warp_reduce_max(max_val, item_ct1);
     }
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ static void soft_max_f32(const float * x, const float * mask, float * dst, const
     }
 }
 
-template <bool vals_smem, int ncols_template, int block_size_template>
-static void soft_max_f32_submitter(const float * x, const float * mask, float * dst, const int ncols_par,
+template <bool vals_smem, int ncols_template, int block_size_template, typename T>
+static void soft_max_f32_submitter(const float * x, const T * mask, float * dst, const int ncols_par,
                                    const int nrows_y, const float scale, const float max_bias, const float m0,
                                    const float m1, uint32_t n_head_log2, sycl::range<3> block_nums, sycl::range<3> block_dims,
                                    const size_t n_local_scratch, queue_ptr stream) {
@@ -141,7 +141,8 @@ static void soft_max_f32_submitter(const float * x, const float * mask, float *
     });
 }
 
-static void soft_max_f32_sycl(const float * x, const float * mask,
+template<typename T>
+static void soft_max_f32_sycl(const float * x, const T * mask,
                               float * dst, const int ncols_x, const int nrows_x,
                               const int nrows_y, const float scale, const float max_bias,
                               queue_ptr stream, int device) {
@@ -223,22 +224,16 @@ static void soft_max_f32_sycl(const float * x, const float * mask,
     }
 }
 
-void ggml_sycl_op_soft_max(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor *src0,
-                                  const ggml_tensor *src1, ggml_tensor *dst,
-                                  const float *src0_dd, const float *src1_dd,
-                                  float *dst_dd,
-                                  const queue_ptr &main_stream) {
+void ggml_sycl_op_soft_max(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
     GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
-#pragma message("TODO: add ggml_sycl_op_soft_max() F16 src1 support")
-#pragma message("ref:  https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/5021")
-    GGML_ASSERT(!src1 || src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32); // src1 contains mask and it is optional
+    GGML_ASSERT(!dst->src[1] || dst->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || dst->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32); // src1 contains mask and it is optional
 
-    const int64_t ne00 = src0->ne[0];
-    const int64_t nrows_x = ggml_nrows(src0);
-    const int64_t nrows_y = src0->ne[1];
+    const int64_t ne00 = dst->src[0]->ne[0];
+    const int64_t nrows_x = ggml_nrows(dst->src[0]);
+    const int64_t nrows_y = dst->src[0]->ne[1];
 
     float scale = 1.0f;
     float max_bias = 0.0f;
@@ -246,6 +241,21 @@ void ggml_sycl_op_soft_max(ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor *s
     memcpy(&scale, dst->op_params + 0, sizeof(float));
     memcpy(&max_bias, dst->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
 
-    soft_max_f32_sycl(src0_dd, src1 ? src1_dd : nullptr, dst_dd, ne00,
-        nrows_x, nrows_y, scale, max_bias, main_stream, ctx.device);
+    const float * src0_dd = static_cast<const float *>(dst->src[0]->data);
+    float * dst_dd = static_cast<float *>(dst->data);
+
+    ggml_sycl_set_device(ctx.device);
+    dpct::queue_ptr main_stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    if (dst->src[1] && dst->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        const sycl::half * src1_dd = static_cast<sycl::half *>(dst->src[1]->data);
+        soft_max_f32_sycl<sycl::half>(src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd, ne00, nrows_x, nrows_y, scale, max_bias,
+                          main_stream, ctx.device);
+    } else if (dst->src[1] && dst->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        const float * src1_dd = static_cast<const float *>(dst->src[1]->data);
+        soft_max_f32_sycl<float>(src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd, ne00, nrows_x, nrows_y, scale, max_bias, main_stream, ctx.device);
+    } else {
+        /* mask unavailable */
+        soft_max_f32_sycl<float>(src0_dd, nullptr, dst_dd, ne00, nrows_x, nrows_y, scale, max_bias, main_stream, ctx.device);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/softmax.hpp b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/softmax.hpp
index bdb8f712e3..2cf8582ec9 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/softmax.hpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/softmax.hpp
@@ -15,10 +15,6 @@
 
 #include "common.hpp"
 
-void ggml_sycl_op_soft_max(ggml_backend_sycl_context &ctx, const ggml_tensor *src0,
-    const ggml_tensor *src1, ggml_tensor *dst,
-    const float *src0_dd, const float *src1_dd,
-    float *dst_dd,
-    const queue_ptr &main_stream);
+void ggml_sycl_op_soft_max(ggml_backend_sycl_context &ctx, ggml_tensor *dst);
 
 #endif // GGML_SYCL_SOFTMAX_HPP
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
index 437e9cdcc3..9ca3959abf 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp
@@ -29,8 +29,6 @@
 
 #include "ggml-vulkan-shaders.hpp"
 
-#define VK_API_VERSION VK_API_VERSION_1_2
-
 #define CEIL_DIV(M, N) (((M) + (N)-1) / (N))
 
 #define VK_VENDOR_ID_AMD 0x1002
@@ -87,6 +85,10 @@ struct vk_pipeline_struct {
     uint32_t parameter_count;
     std::array<uint32_t, 3> wg_denoms;
     uint32_t align;
+    // set to true to request the pipeline is compiled after the dryrun
+    bool needed {};
+    // set to true when the shader has been compiled
+    bool compiled {};
 };
 
 typedef std::shared_ptr<vk_pipeline_struct> vk_pipeline;
@@ -188,8 +190,11 @@ struct vk_device_struct {
     bool mul_mat_id_m;
     bool mul_mat_id_s;
 
-    vk_matmul_pipeline pipeline_matmul_f32;
-    vk_matmul_pipeline pipeline_matmul_f32_f16;
+    // set to true to indicate that some shaders need to be compiled after the dryrun
+    bool need_compiles {};
+
+    vk_matmul_pipeline pipeline_matmul_f32 {};
+    vk_matmul_pipeline pipeline_matmul_f32_f16 {};
     vk_matmul_pipeline2 pipeline_matmul_f16;
     vk_matmul_pipeline2 pipeline_matmul_f16_f32;
     vk_pipeline pipeline_matmul_split_k_reduce;
@@ -197,7 +202,7 @@ struct vk_device_struct {
     vk_matmul_pipeline2 pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_f16[GGML_TYPE_COUNT];
     vk_matmul_pipeline2 pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_COUNT];
 
-    vk_matmul_pipeline pipeline_matmul_id_f32;
+    vk_matmul_pipeline pipeline_matmul_id_f32 {};
     vk_matmul_pipeline2 pipeline_matmul_id_f16;
     vk_matmul_pipeline2 pipeline_matmul_id_f16_f32;
 
@@ -769,22 +774,15 @@ static uint32_t compile_count = 0;
 static std::mutex compile_count_mutex;
 static std::condition_variable compile_count_cond;
 
-static void ggml_vk_create_pipeline_func(vk_device& device, vk_pipeline& pipeline, const std::string name, size_t spv_size, const void* spv_data, const std::string entrypoint,
-                                         uint32_t parameter_count, uint32_t push_constant_size, std::array<uint32_t, 3> wg_denoms, std::vector<uint32_t> specialization_constants,
-                                         uint32_t align, bool disable_robustness, bool require_full_subgroups, uint32_t required_subgroup_size) {
-    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_create_pipeline(" << device->name << ", " << name << ", " << entrypoint << ", " << parameter_count << ", " << push_constant_size <<
-                 ", (" << wg_denoms[0] << "," << wg_denoms[1] << "," << wg_denoms[2] << "), specialization_constants, " << align <<
-                 ", " << disable_robustness << ", " << require_full_subgroups << ", " << required_subgroup_size << ")");
+static void ggml_vk_create_pipeline_func(vk_device& device, vk_pipeline& pipeline, size_t spv_size, const void* spv_data, const std::string entrypoint,
+                                         uint32_t parameter_count, std::array<uint32_t, 3> wg_denoms, std::vector<uint32_t> specialization_constants,
+                                         bool disable_robustness, bool require_full_subgroups, uint32_t required_subgroup_size) {
+    VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_create_pipeline(" << device->name << ", " << pipeline->name << ", " << entrypoint << ", " << parameter_count <<
+                 ", (" << wg_denoms[0] << "," << wg_denoms[1] << "," << wg_denoms[2] << "), specialization_constants, " <<
+                 disable_robustness << ", " << require_full_subgroups << ", " << required_subgroup_size << ")");
     GGML_ASSERT(parameter_count > 0);
     GGML_ASSERT(wg_denoms[0] > 0 && wg_denoms[1] > 0 && wg_denoms[2] > 0); // NOLINT
 
-    pipeline = std::make_shared<vk_pipeline_struct>();
-    pipeline->name = name;
-    pipeline->parameter_count = parameter_count;
-    pipeline->push_constant_size = push_constant_size;
-    pipeline->wg_denoms = wg_denoms;
-    pipeline->align = align;
-
     vk::ShaderModuleCreateInfo shader_module_create_info({}, spv_size, reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(spv_data));
     pipeline->shader_module = device->device.createShaderModule(shader_module_create_info);
 
@@ -866,7 +864,14 @@ static void ggml_vk_create_pipeline_func(vk_device& device, vk_pipeline& pipelin
         compute_pipeline_create_info.setPNext(&rci);
     }
 
-    pipeline->pipeline = device->device.createComputePipeline(VK_NULL_HANDLE, compute_pipeline_create_info).value;
+    try {
+        pipeline->pipeline = device->device.createComputePipeline(VK_NULL_HANDLE, compute_pipeline_create_info).value;
+    } catch (const vk::SystemError& e) {
+        std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan: Compute pipeline creation failed for " << pipeline->name << std::endl;
+        std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan: " << e.what() << std::endl;
+        throw e;
+    }
+    pipeline->compiled = true;
 
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(device->mutex);
@@ -877,12 +882,6 @@ static void ggml_vk_create_pipeline_func(vk_device& device, vk_pipeline& pipelin
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(compile_count_mutex);
         assert(compile_count > 0);
         compile_count--;
-
-        // "Progress bar" for shader compiles
-        static uint32_t total_compile_count = 0;
-        if ((total_compile_count++ % 10) == 0) {
-            std::cerr << ".";
-        }
     }
     compile_count_cond.notify_all();
 }
@@ -908,6 +907,10 @@ static void ggml_vk_destroy_pipeline(vk::Device& device, vk_pipeline& pipeline)
 static void ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(vk_device& device, vk_pipeline& pipeline, uint32_t n) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_pipeline_request_descriptor_sets(" << pipeline->name << ", " << n << ")");
     device->pipeline_descriptor_set_requirements[pipeline->name] += n;
+    if (!pipeline->compiled) {
+        pipeline->needed = true;
+        device->need_compiles = true;
+    }
 }
 
 static void ggml_pipeline_allocate_descriptor_sets(vk_device& device) {
@@ -1390,8 +1393,6 @@ static bool ggml_vk_matmul_shmem_support(const vk_device& device, const std::vec
 static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
     VK_LOG_DEBUG("ggml_vk_load_shaders(" << device->name << ")");
 
-    std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan: Compiling shaders";
-
     // some shaders have a minimum subgroup size
     const uint32_t subgroup_size_16 = std::max(device->subgroup_size, 16u);
     const uint32_t subgroup_size_32 = std::max(device->subgroup_size, 32u);
@@ -1529,15 +1530,33 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
         }
     }
 
-    device->pipeline_matmul_f32 = std::make_shared<vk_matmul_pipeline_struct>();
-    device->pipeline_matmul_f32_f16 = std::make_shared<vk_matmul_pipeline_struct>();
-
-    device->pipeline_matmul_id_f32 = std::make_shared<vk_matmul_pipeline_struct>();
+    if (!device->pipeline_matmul_f32) {
+        device->pipeline_matmul_f32 = std::make_shared<vk_matmul_pipeline_struct>();
+    }
+    if (!device->pipeline_matmul_f32_f16) {
+        device->pipeline_matmul_f32_f16 = std::make_shared<vk_matmul_pipeline_struct>();
+    }
+    if (!device->pipeline_matmul_id_f32) {
+        device->pipeline_matmul_id_f32 = std::make_shared<vk_matmul_pipeline_struct>();
+    }
 
     std::vector<std::future<void>> compiles;
     auto const &ggml_vk_create_pipeline = [&](vk_device& device, vk_pipeline& pipeline, const std::string &name, size_t spv_size, const void* spv_data, const std::string &entrypoint,
                                               uint32_t parameter_count, uint32_t push_constant_size, std::array<uint32_t, 3> wg_denoms, const std::vector<uint32_t>& specialization_constants,
                                               uint32_t align, bool disable_robustness = false, bool require_full_subgroups = false, uint32_t required_subgroup_size = 0) {
+
+        if (!pipeline) {
+            pipeline = std::make_shared<vk_pipeline_struct>();
+            pipeline->name = name;
+            pipeline->parameter_count = parameter_count;
+            pipeline->push_constant_size = push_constant_size;
+            pipeline->wg_denoms = wg_denoms;
+            pipeline->align = align;
+        }
+
+        if (!pipeline->needed || pipeline->compiled) {
+            return;
+        }
         {
             // wait until fewer than N compiles are in progress
             uint32_t N = std::max(1u, std::thread::hardware_concurrency());
@@ -1547,8 +1566,8 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
             }
             compile_count++;
         }
-        compiles.push_back(std::async(ggml_vk_create_pipeline_func, std::ref(device), std::ref(pipeline), name, spv_size, spv_data, entrypoint,
-                                      parameter_count, push_constant_size, wg_denoms, specialization_constants, align, disable_robustness, require_full_subgroups, required_subgroup_size));
+        compiles.push_back(std::async(ggml_vk_create_pipeline_func, std::ref(device), std::ref(pipeline), spv_size, spv_data, entrypoint,
+                                      parameter_count, wg_denoms, specialization_constants, disable_robustness, require_full_subgroups, required_subgroup_size));
     };
 
 #if defined(VK_NV_cooperative_matrix2) && defined(GGML_VULKAN_COOPMAT2_GLSLC_SUPPORT)
@@ -1597,6 +1616,11 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
         //CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, q4_k)
         //CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, q5_k)
         //CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, q6_k)
+        //CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS, iq2_xxs)
+        //CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS, iq2_xs)
+        //CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S, iq2_s)
+        //CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS, iq3_xxs)
+        //CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S, iq3_s)
         CREATE_FA(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL, iq4_nl)
 #undef CREATE_FA
 
@@ -1614,11 +1638,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
         CREATE_MM(PIPELINE_NAME . f16acc, NAMELC, _f16acc, WG_DENOMS, WARPTILE, PUSHCONST, PARAMCOUNT)   \
         CREATE_MM(PIPELINE_NAME . f32acc, NAMELC, , WG_DENOMS, WARPTILE, PUSHCONST, PARAMCOUNT)   \
 
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_matmul_f32, matmul_f32_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_matmul_f32_f16, matmul_f32_f16, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
-
         CREATE_MM2(pipeline_matmul_f16, matmul_f16, wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
-        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_matmul_f16_f32, matmul_f16_f32, wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
         CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_f16[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f16acc, matmul_q4_0_f16, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
         CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_f16[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f16acc, matmul_q4_1_f16, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
         CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_f16[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f16acc, matmul_q5_0_f16, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
@@ -1629,23 +1649,30 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
         CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_f16[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f16acc, matmul_q4_k_f16, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms_k, warptile_mmq_k, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
         CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_f16[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f16acc, matmul_q5_k_f16, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms_k, warptile_mmq_k, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
         CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_f16[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f16acc, matmul_q6_k_f16, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms_k, warptile_mmq_k, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_f16[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f16acc, matmul_iq4_nl_f16, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_f16[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS].f16acc, matmul_iq2_xxs_f16, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_f16[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS].f16acc,  matmul_iq2_xs_f16,  _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_f16[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S].f16acc,   matmul_iq2_s_f16,   _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_f16[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS].f16acc, matmul_iq3_xxs_f16, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_f16[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S].f16acc,   matmul_iq3_s_f16,   _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_f16[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f16acc,  matmul_iq4_nl_f16,  _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3)
 
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_matmul_id_f32, matmul_id_f32_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
         CREATE_MM2(pipeline_matmul_id_f16, matmul_id_f16, wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM2(pipeline_matmul_id_f16_f32, matmul_id_f16_f32, wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_0_f32, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_1_f32, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_0_f32, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_1_f32, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q8_0_f32, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q2_k_f32, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q3_k_f32, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_k_f32, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_k_f32, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q6_k_f32, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f16acc, matmul_id_iq4_nl_f32, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_0_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_1_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_0_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_1_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q8_0_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q2_k_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q3_k_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_k_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_k_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q6_k_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS].f16acc, matmul_id_iq2_xxs_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS].f16acc,  matmul_id_iq2_xs_f16,  , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq2_s_f16,   , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS].f16acc, matmul_id_iq3_xxs_f16, , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq3_s_f16,   , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f16acc,  matmul_id_iq4_nl_f16,  , mmqid_wg_denoms, warptile_mmqid, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4)
 #undef CREATE_MM
 #undef CREATE_MM2
     } else
@@ -1682,31 +1709,41 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
         CREATE_MM2(pipeline_matmul_f16_f32, matmul_f16_f32, wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
 
         if (device->coopmat_acc_f16_support) {
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f16acc, matmul_q4_0_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f16acc, matmul_q4_1_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f16acc, matmul_q5_0_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1].f16acc, matmul_q5_1_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0].f16acc, matmul_q8_0_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f16acc, matmul_q4_0_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f16acc, matmul_q4_1_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f16acc, matmul_q5_0_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1].f16acc, matmul_q5_1_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0].f16acc, matmul_q8_0_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
 
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K].f16acc, matmul_q2_k_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K].f16acc, matmul_q3_k_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f16acc, matmul_q4_k_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f16acc, matmul_q5_k_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f16acc, matmul_q6_k_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f16acc, matmul_iq4_nl_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K].f16acc, matmul_q2_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K].f16acc, matmul_q3_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f16acc, matmul_q4_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f16acc, matmul_q5_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f16acc, matmul_q6_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS].f16acc, matmul_iq2_xxs_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS].f16acc,  matmul_iq2_xs_f32,  _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S].f16acc,   matmul_iq2_s_f32,   _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS].f16acc, matmul_iq3_xxs_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S].f16acc,   matmul_iq3_s_f32,   _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f16acc,  matmul_iq4_nl_f32,  _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
         } else {
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f16acc, matmul_q4_0_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f16acc, matmul_q4_1_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f16acc, matmul_q5_0_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1].f16acc, matmul_q5_1_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0].f16acc, matmul_q8_0_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f16acc, matmul_q4_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f16acc, matmul_q4_1_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f16acc, matmul_q5_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1].f16acc, matmul_q5_1_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0].f16acc, matmul_q8_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
 
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K].f16acc, matmul_q2_k_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K].f16acc, matmul_q3_k_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f16acc, matmul_q4_k_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f16acc, matmul_q5_k_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f16acc, matmul_q6_k_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f16acc, matmul_iq4_nl_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K].f16acc, matmul_q2_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K].f16acc, matmul_q3_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f16acc, matmul_q4_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f16acc, matmul_q5_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f16acc, matmul_q6_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS].f16acc, matmul_iq2_xxs_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS].f16acc,  matmul_iq2_xs_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S].f16acc,   matmul_iq2_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS].f16acc, matmul_iq3_xxs_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S].f16acc,   matmul_iq3_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f16acc,  matmul_iq4_nl_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
         }
 
         // If there's not enough shared memory for row_ids and the result tile, don't create these pipelines.
@@ -1716,31 +1753,41 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
             CREATE_MM2(pipeline_matmul_id_f16_f32, matmul_id_f16_f32, wg_denoms, warptile, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 4, _id);
 
             if (device->coopmat_acc_f16_support) {
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_0_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_1_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_0_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_1_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q8_0_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_0_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_1_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_0_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_1_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q8_0_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
 
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q2_k_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q3_k_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_k_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_k_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q6_k_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f16acc, matmul_id_iq4_nl_f32, _f16acc, wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q2_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q3_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q6_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS].f16acc, matmul_id_iq2_xxs_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS].f16acc,  matmul_id_iq2_xs_f32,  _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq2_s_f32,   _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS].f16acc, matmul_id_iq3_xxs_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq3_s_f32,   _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f16acc,  matmul_id_iq4_nl_f32,  _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
             } else {
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_0_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_1_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_0_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_1_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q8_0_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_1].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_1_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_1_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0].f16acc, matmul_id_q8_0_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
 
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q2_k_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q3_k_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_k_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_k_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q6_k_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f16acc, matmul_id_iq4_nl_f32, , wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q2_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q2_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q3_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q3_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q6_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS].f16acc, matmul_id_iq2_xxs_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS].f16acc,  matmul_id_iq2_xs_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq2_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS].f16acc, matmul_id_iq3_xxs_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq3_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+                CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f16acc,  matmul_id_iq4_nl_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
             }
         }
 #undef CREATE_MM2
@@ -1784,7 +1831,12 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
         CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f16acc, matmul_q4_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
         CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f16acc, matmul_q5_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
         CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f16acc, matmul_q6_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f16acc, matmul_iq4_nl_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS].f16acc, matmul_iq2_xxs_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS].f16acc,  matmul_iq2_xs_f32,  _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S].f16acc,   matmul_iq2_s_f32,   _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS].f16acc, matmul_iq3_xxs_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S].f16acc,   matmul_iq3_s_f32,   _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f16acc,  matmul_iq4_nl_f32,  _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
 
         // If there's not enough shared memory for row_ids and the result tile, don't create these pipelines.
         if (device->mul_mat_id_s || device->mul_mat_id_m || device->mul_mat_id_l) {
@@ -1803,7 +1855,12 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
             CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q4_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
             CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q5_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
             CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f16acc, matmul_id_q6_k_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f16acc, matmul_id_iq4_nl_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS].f16acc, matmul_id_iq2_xxs_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS].f16acc,  matmul_id_iq2_xs_f32,  _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq2_s_f32,   _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS].f16acc, matmul_id_iq3_xxs_f32, _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S].f16acc,   matmul_id_iq3_s_f32,   _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f16acc,  matmul_id_iq4_nl_f32,  _f16acc, mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
         }
 #undef CREATE_MM2
 #undef CREATE_MM
@@ -1839,7 +1896,12 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
         CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f32acc, matmul_q4_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
         CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f32acc, matmul_q5_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
         CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f32acc, matmul_q6_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
-        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f32acc, matmul_iq4_nl_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS].f32acc, matmul_iq2_xxs_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS].f32acc,  matmul_iq2_xs_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S].f32acc,   matmul_iq2_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS].f32acc, matmul_iq3_xxs_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S].f32acc,   matmul_iq3_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
+        CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f32acc,  matmul_iq4_nl_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_push_constants, 3, );
 
         // If there's not enough shared memory for row_ids and the result tile, don't create these pipelines.
         if (device->mul_mat_id_s || device->mul_mat_id_m || device->mul_mat_id_l) {
@@ -1858,7 +1920,12 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
             CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K].f32acc, matmul_id_q4_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
             CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K].f32acc, matmul_id_q5_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
             CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K].f32acc, matmul_id_q6_k_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
-            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f32acc, matmul_id_iq4_nl_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS].f32acc, matmul_id_iq2_xxs_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS].f32acc,  matmul_id_iq2_xs_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S].f32acc,   matmul_id_iq2_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS].f32acc, matmul_id_iq3_xxs_f32, , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S].f32acc,   matmul_id_iq3_s_f32,   , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
+            CREATE_MM(pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_mat_id[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL].f32acc,  matmul_id_iq4_nl_f32,  , mmq_wg_denoms, warptile_mmq, vk_mat_mat_id_push_constants, 4, _id);
         }
 #undef CREATE_MM
     }
@@ -1889,7 +1956,12 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
         ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q4_k_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q4_k_f32_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q4_k_f32_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
         ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q5_k_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q5_k_f32_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q5_k_f32_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
         ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q6_k_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q6_k_f32_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q6_k_f32_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL][i], "mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_f32_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_f32_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, 2*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS][i], "mul_mat_vec_iq2_xxs_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_iq2_xxs_f32_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_iq2_xxs_f32_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS][i],  "mul_mat_vec_iq2_xs_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),  mul_mat_vec_iq2_xs_f32_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_iq2_xs_f32_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S][i],   "mul_mat_vec_iq2_s_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),   mul_mat_vec_iq2_s_f32_f32_len,   mul_mat_vec_iq2_s_f32_f32_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS][i], "mul_mat_vec_iq3_xxs_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_iq3_xxs_f32_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_iq3_xxs_f32_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S][i],   "mul_mat_vec_iq3_s_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),   mul_mat_vec_iq3_s_f32_f32_len,   mul_mat_vec_iq3_s_f32_f32_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f32_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL][i],  "mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_f32_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),  mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_f32_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_f32_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, 2*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true);
 
         ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_F32 ][i], "mul_mat_vec_f32_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),  mul_mat_vec_f32_f16_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_f32_f16_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2, i+1}, 1);
         ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_F16 ][i], "mul_mat_vec_f16_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),  mul_mat_vec_f16_f16_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_f16_f16_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2, i+1}, 1);
@@ -1903,7 +1975,12 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
         ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q4_k_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q4_k_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q4_k_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
         ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q5_k_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q5_k_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q5_k_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
         ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K][i], "mul_mat_vec_q6_k_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_q6_k_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_q6_k_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
-        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL][i], "mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, 2*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS][i], "mul_mat_vec_iq2_xxs_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_iq2_xxs_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_iq2_xxs_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS][i],  "mul_mat_vec_iq2_xs_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),  mul_mat_vec_iq2_xs_f16_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_iq2_xs_f16_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S][i],   "mul_mat_vec_iq2_s_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),   mul_mat_vec_iq2_s_f16_f32_len,   mul_mat_vec_iq2_s_f16_f32_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS][i], "mul_mat_vec_iq3_xxs_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1), mul_mat_vec_iq3_xxs_f16_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_iq3_xxs_f16_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S][i],   "mul_mat_vec_iq3_s_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),   mul_mat_vec_iq3_s_f16_f32_len,   mul_mat_vec_iq3_s_f16_f32_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq, i+1}, 1, true);
+        ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_f16_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL][i],  "mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_f16_f32_"+std::to_string(i+1),  mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_f16_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_iq4_nl_f16_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, 2*rm_stdq, i+1}, 1, true);
     }
 
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_F32 ], "mul_mat_vec_id_f32_f32",  mul_mat_vec_id_f32_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_id_f32_f32_data,  "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {2, 1, 1}, {device->subgroup_size, 2}, 1);
@@ -1918,7 +1995,12 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K], "mul_mat_vec_id_q4_k_f32", mul_mat_vec_id_q4_k_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_id_q4_k_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq}, 1, true);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K], "mul_mat_vec_id_q5_k_f32", mul_mat_vec_id_q5_k_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_id_q5_k_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq}, 1, true);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K], "mul_mat_vec_id_q6_k_f32", mul_mat_vec_id_q6_k_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_id_q6_k_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq}, 1, true);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL], "mul_mat_vec_id_iq4_nl_f32", mul_mat_vec_id_iq4_nl_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_id_iq4_nl_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, 2*rm_stdq}, 1, true);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS], "mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_xxs_f32", mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_xxs_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_xxs_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq}, 1, true);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS],  "mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_xs_f32",  mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_xs_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_xs_f32_data,  "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq}, 1, true);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S],   "mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_s_f32",   mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_s_f32_len,   mul_mat_vec_id_iq2_s_f32_data,   "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq}, 1, true);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS], "mul_mat_vec_id_iq3_xxs_f32", mul_mat_vec_id_iq3_xxs_f32_len, mul_mat_vec_id_iq3_xxs_f32_data, "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq}, 1, true);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S],   "mul_mat_vec_id_iq3_s_f32",   mul_mat_vec_id_iq3_s_f32_len,   mul_mat_vec_id_iq3_s_f32_data,   "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {rm_kq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, rm_kq}, 1, true);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant_mul_mat_vec_id_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL],  "mul_mat_vec_id_iq4_nl_f32",  mul_mat_vec_id_iq4_nl_f32_len,  mul_mat_vec_id_iq4_nl_f32_data,  "main", 4, sizeof(vk_mat_vec_id_push_constants), {2*rm_stdq, 1, 1}, {subgroup_size_16, 2*rm_stdq}, 1, true);
 
     // dequant shaders
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant[GGML_TYPE_F32 ], "f32_to_f16",   dequant_f32_len,  dequant_f32_data,  "main", 2, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t), {256 * 16, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
@@ -1932,7 +2014,12 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant[GGML_TYPE_Q4_K], "dequant_q4_k", dequant_q4_k_len, dequant_q4_k_data, "main", 2, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t), {256 * 32, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant[GGML_TYPE_Q5_K], "dequant_q5_k", dequant_q5_k_len, dequant_q5_k_data, "main", 2, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t), {256 * 64, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant[GGML_TYPE_Q6_K], "dequant_q6_k", dequant_q6_k_len, dequant_q6_k_data, "main", 2, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t), {256 * 64, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL], "dequant_iq4_nl", dequant_iq4_nl_len, dequant_iq4_nl_data, "main", 2, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t), {256 * 16, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS], "dequant_iq2_xxs", dequant_iq2_xxs_len, dequant_iq2_xxs_data, "main", 2, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t), {256 * 32, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS],  "dequant_iq2_xs",  dequant_iq2_xs_len,  dequant_iq2_xs_data,  "main", 2, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t), {256 * 32, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S],   "dequant_iq2_s",   dequant_iq2_s_len,   dequant_iq2_s_data,   "main", 2, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t), {256 * 32, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS], "dequant_iq3_xxs", dequant_iq3_xxs_len, dequant_iq3_xxs_data, "main", 2, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t), {256 * 32, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S],   "dequant_iq3_s",   dequant_iq3_s_len,   dequant_iq3_s_data,   "main", 2, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t), {256 * 32, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_dequant[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL],  "dequant_iq4_nl",  dequant_iq4_nl_len,  dequant_iq4_nl_data,  "main", 2, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t), {256 * 16, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
     // get_rows
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_F32 ], "get_rows_f32",  get_rows_f32_len,  get_rows_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), { 512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
@@ -1942,7 +2029,12 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], "get_rows_q5_0", get_rows_q5_0_len, get_rows_q5_0_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], "get_rows_q5_1", get_rows_q5_1_len, get_rows_q5_1_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], "get_rows_q8_0", get_rows_q8_0_len, get_rows_q8_0_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL], "get_rows_iq4_nl", get_rows_iq4_nl_len, get_rows_iq4_nl_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS], "get_rows_iq2_xxs", get_rows_iq2_xxs_len, get_rows_iq2_xxs_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS],  "get_rows_iq2_xs",  get_rows_iq2_xs_len,  get_rows_iq2_xs_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S],   "get_rows_iq2_s",   get_rows_iq2_s_len,   get_rows_iq2_s_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS], "get_rows_iq3_xxs", get_rows_iq3_xxs_len, get_rows_iq3_xxs_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S],   "get_rows_iq3_s",   get_rows_iq3_s_len,   get_rows_iq3_s_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL],  "get_rows_iq4_nl",  get_rows_iq4_nl_len,  get_rows_iq4_nl_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_F32 ], "get_rows_f32_f32",  get_rows_f32_f32_len,  get_rows_f32_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), { 512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_F16 ], "get_rows_f16_f32",  get_rows_f16_f32_len,  get_rows_f16_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), { 512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
@@ -1951,7 +2043,12 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q5_0], "get_rows_q5_0_f32", get_rows_q5_0_f32_len, get_rows_q5_0_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q5_1], "get_rows_q5_1_f32", get_rows_q5_1_f32_len, get_rows_q5_1_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0], "get_rows_q8_0_f32", get_rows_q8_0_f32_len, get_rows_q8_0_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL], "get_rows_iq4_nl_f32", get_rows_iq4_nl_f32_len, get_rows_iq4_nl_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS], "get_rows_iq2_xxs_f32", get_rows_iq2_xxs_f32_len, get_rows_iq2_xxs_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS],  "get_rows_iq2_xs_f32",  get_rows_iq2_xs_f32_len,  get_rows_iq2_xs_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S],   "get_rows_iq2_s_f32",   get_rows_iq2_s_f32_len,   get_rows_iq2_s_f32_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS], "get_rows_iq3_xxs_f32", get_rows_iq3_xxs_f32_len, get_rows_iq3_xxs_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S],   "get_rows_iq3_s_f32",   get_rows_iq3_s_f32_len,   get_rows_iq3_s_f32_data,   "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_get_rows_f32[GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL],  "get_rows_iq4_nl_f32",  get_rows_iq4_nl_f32_len,  get_rows_iq4_nl_f32_data,  "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_binary_push_constants), {1024, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_matmul_split_k_reduce, "split_k_reduce", split_k_reduce_len, split_k_reduce_data, "main", 2, 2 * sizeof(uint32_t), {256 * 4, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
@@ -2021,7 +2118,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_leaky_relu_f32, "leaky_relu_f32", leaky_relu_f32_len, leaky_relu_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_tanh_f32, "tanh_f32", tanh_f32_len, tanh_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
 
-    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_diag_mask_inf_f32, "diag_mask_inf_f32", diag_mask_inf_f32_len, diag_mask_inf_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_diag_mask_push_constants), {512, 1, 1}, {}, 1);
+    ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_diag_mask_inf_f32, "diag_mask_inf_f32", diag_mask_inf_f32_len, diag_mask_inf_f32_data, "main", 2, sizeof(vk_op_diag_mask_push_constants), {1, 512, 1}, {}, 1, true);
 
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_soft_max_f32, "soft_max_f32", soft_max_f32_len, soft_max_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_soft_max_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { device->subgroup_size }, 1);
     ggml_vk_create_pipeline(device, device->pipeline_soft_max_f32_wg512, "soft_max_f32_wg512", soft_max_f32_len, soft_max_f32_data, "main", 3, sizeof(vk_op_soft_max_push_constants), {1, 1, 1}, { 512 }, 1);
@@ -2059,7 +2156,7 @@ static void ggml_vk_load_shaders(vk_device& device) {
     for (auto &c : compiles) {
         c.wait();
     }
-    std::cerr << "Done!" << std::endl;
+    device->need_compiles = false;
 }
 
 static bool ggml_vk_khr_cooperative_matrix_support(const vk::PhysicalDeviceProperties& props, const vk::PhysicalDeviceDriverProperties& driver_props);
@@ -2287,6 +2384,14 @@ static vk_device ggml_vk_get_device(size_t idx) {
         }
 #endif
 
+        VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance4Features maint4_features {};
+        maint4_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MAINTENANCE_4_FEATURES;
+        if (maintenance4_support) {
+            last_struct->pNext = (VkBaseOutStructure *)&maint4_features;
+            last_struct = (VkBaseOutStructure *)&maint4_features;
+            device_extensions.push_back("VK_KHR_maintenance4");
+        }
+
         vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(device->physical_device, &device_features2);
 
         device->fp16 = device->fp16 && vk12_features.shaderFloat16;
@@ -2662,7 +2767,14 @@ void ggml_vk_instance_init() {
 
     vk_instance_initialized = true;
 
-    vk::ApplicationInfo app_info{ "ggml-vulkan", 1, nullptr, 0, VK_API_VERSION };
+    uint32_t api_version = vk::enumerateInstanceVersion();
+
+    if (api_version < VK_API_VERSION_1_2) {
+        std::cerr << "ggml_vulkan: Error: Vulkan 1.2 required." << std::endl;
+        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    }
+
+    vk::ApplicationInfo app_info{ "ggml-vulkan", 1, nullptr, 0, api_version };
 
     const std::vector<vk::ExtensionProperties> instance_extensions = vk::enumerateInstanceExtensionProperties();
     const bool validation_ext = ggml_vk_instance_validation_ext_available(instance_extensions);
@@ -2863,6 +2975,11 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_get_to_fp16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, ggml_type
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
             break;
         default:
@@ -2911,6 +3028,11 @@ static vk_matmul_pipeline ggml_vk_get_mul_mat_mat_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_conte
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
             break;
         default:
@@ -2942,6 +3064,11 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_get_dequantize_mul_mat_vec(ggml_backend_vk_context *
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
             break;
         default:
@@ -2972,7 +3099,7 @@ static vk_matmul_pipeline ggml_vk_get_mul_mat_mat_id_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_co
         }
     }
 
-    GGML_ASSERT(src1_type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1_type == GGML_TYPE_F32 || (ctx->device->coopmat2 && src1_type == GGML_TYPE_F16));
 
     switch (src0_type) {
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
@@ -2985,6 +3112,11 @@ static vk_matmul_pipeline ggml_vk_get_mul_mat_mat_id_pipeline(ggml_backend_vk_co
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
             break;
         default:
@@ -3011,6 +3143,11 @@ static vk_pipeline ggml_vk_get_dequantize_mul_mat_vec_id(ggml_backend_vk_context
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
+        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
         case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
             break;
         default:
@@ -3812,8 +3949,9 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context& sub
         src1_uma = d_Qy != nullptr;
     }
 
-    const bool x_non_contig = !ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src0);
-    // Reformat and convert to fp16 if src1 is non-contiguous, or for coopmat2 for better perf
+    // Reformat and convert to fp16 if non-contiguous, or for coopmat2 for better perf
+    const bool x_non_contig = (ctx->device->coopmat2 && src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) ||
+                              !ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src0);
     const bool y_non_contig = (ctx->device->coopmat2 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) ||
                               !ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src1);
 
@@ -4393,8 +4531,11 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_id_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context&
         ids_uma = d_ids != nullptr;
     }
 
-    const bool x_non_contig = !ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src0);
-    const bool y_non_contig = !ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src1);
+    // Reformat and convert to fp16 if non-contiguous, or for coopmat2 for better perf
+    const bool x_non_contig = (ctx->device->coopmat2 && src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) ||
+                              !ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src0);
+    const bool y_non_contig = (ctx->device->coopmat2 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) ||
+                              !ggml_vk_dim01_contiguous(src1);
 
     const bool y_f32_kernel = src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && !y_non_contig;
 
@@ -4404,7 +4545,8 @@ static void ggml_vk_mul_mat_id_q_f16(ggml_backend_vk_context * ctx, vk_context&
     const bool qy_needs_dequant = (src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 && !y_f32_kernel) || y_non_contig;
 
     if (qx_needs_dequant) {
-        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+        // Fall back to dequant + f16 mulmat
+        mmp = ggml_vk_get_mul_mat_mat_id_pipeline(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F16, y_f32_kernel ? GGML_TYPE_F32 : GGML_TYPE_F16, (ggml_prec)dst->op_params[0]);
     }
 
     // Not implemented
@@ -7645,6 +7787,9 @@ static ggml_status ggml_backend_vk_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_cg
     for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
         ggml_vk_build_graph(ctx, cgraph->nodes[i], i, nullptr, 0, true, false, false);
     }
+    if (ctx->device->need_compiles) {
+        ggml_vk_load_shaders(ctx->device);
+    }
     ggml_vk_preallocate_buffers(ctx);
     ggml_pipeline_allocate_descriptor_sets(ctx->device);
 
@@ -7872,6 +8017,11 @@ static bool ggml_backend_vk_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggm
                     case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
                     case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
                     case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
                     case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
                         break;
                     default:
@@ -7940,6 +8090,11 @@ static bool ggml_backend_vk_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggm
                 //case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
                 //case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
                 //case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
+                //case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
+                //case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
+                //case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
+                //case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
+                //case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
                 case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
                     break;
                 default:
@@ -7957,6 +8112,11 @@ static bool ggml_backend_vk_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggm
                     case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
                     case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
                     case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
+                    case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
                     case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
                         return true;
                     default:
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy_from_quant.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy_from_quant.comp
index c09bf496bf..aeae5400df 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy_from_quant.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy_from_quant.comp
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ layout(local_size_x = 1, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
 #endif
 
 void main() {
-#if defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
-    init_iq4nl_shmem();
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XXS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ3_XXS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ3_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
+    init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
     if (gl_LocalInvocationIndex.x != 0) {
         return;
     }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy_to_quant.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy_to_quant.comp
index ccf5b980a8..d4b068e618 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy_to_quant.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/copy_to_quant.comp
@@ -217,8 +217,8 @@ void quantize(uint dst_idx, uint src_idx)
 #endif
 
 void main() {
-#if defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
-    init_iq4nl_shmem();
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XXS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ3_XXS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ3_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
+    init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
     if (gl_LocalInvocationIndex.x != 0) {
         return;
     }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_funcs.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_funcs.comp
index 91bb8f8db6..ee68775317 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_funcs.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_funcs.comp
@@ -88,6 +88,222 @@ vec4 dequantize4(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
 }
 #endif
 
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XXS)
+vec2 dequantize(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
+    const uint ib32 = iqs / 32;
+    const uint ib8 = (iqs / 8) % 4;
+    const uint qs = data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[8 * ib32 + ib8];
+    // Scales are stored as packed 7+7+7+7+4 bits (4 sign tuples and 1 int4 scale)
+    const uint signs = pack32(u16vec2(data_a_packed16[a_offset + ib].qs[4 * ib32 + 2],
+        data_a_packed16[a_offset + ib].qs[4 * ib32 + 3]));
+    const float db = 0.25 * (0.5 + (signs >> 28));
+    const uint sign7 = bitfieldExtract(signs, 7 * int(ib8), 7);
+    // Add parity bit
+    const uint sign8 = sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7);
+    const uint sign = sign8 >> (iqs % 8);
+    const u8vec4 grid = unpack8(iq2xxs_grid[qs][(iqs % 8) / 4] >> (8 * (iqs % 4)));
+    bool sign0 = (sign & 1) != 0;
+    bool sign1 = (sign & 2) != 0;
+    return db * vec2(
+        grid.x * (sign0 ? -1.0 : 1.0),
+        grid.y * (sign1 ? -1.0 : 1.0)
+    );
+}
+vec4 dequantize4(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
+    const uint ib32 = iqs / 32;
+    const uint ib8 = (iqs / 8) % 4;
+    const uint qs = data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[8 * ib32 + ib8];
+    // Scales are stored as packed 7+7+7+7+4 bits (4 sign tuples and 1 int4 scale)
+    const uint signs = pack32(u16vec2(data_a_packed16[a_offset + ib].qs[4 * ib32 + 2],
+        data_a_packed16[a_offset + ib].qs[4 * ib32 + 3]));
+    const float db = 0.25 * (0.5 + (signs >> 28));
+    const uint sign7 = bitfieldExtract(signs, 7 * int(ib8), 7);
+    // Add parity bit
+    const uint sign8 = sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7);
+    const uint sign = sign8 >> (iqs % 8);
+    const u8vec4 grid = unpack8(iq2xxs_grid[qs][(iqs % 8) / 4] >> (8 * (iqs % 4)));
+    bool sign0 = (sign & 1) != 0;
+    bool sign1 = (sign & 2) != 0;
+    bool sign2 = (sign & 4) != 0;
+    bool sign3 = (sign & 8) != 0;
+    return db * vec4(
+        grid.x * (sign0 ? -1.0 : 1.0),
+        grid.y * (sign1 ? -1.0 : 1.0),
+        grid.z * (sign2 ? -1.0 : 1.0),
+        grid.w * (sign3 ? -1.0 : 1.0)
+    );
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XS)
+vec2 dequantize(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
+    const uint scale = (data_a[a_offset + ib].scales[iqs / 32] >> (4 * ((iqs / 16) & 1))) & 0xf;
+    const uint qs = data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[iqs / 8];
+    const float db = 0.25 * (0.5 + scale);
+    const uint sign7 = qs >> 9;
+    // Add parity bit
+    const uint sign8 = sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7);
+    const uint sign = sign8 >> (iqs % 8);
+    const u8vec4 grid = unpack8(iq2xs_grid[qs & 511][(iqs % 8) / 4] >> (8 * (iqs % 4)));
+    bool sign0 = (sign & 1) != 0;
+    bool sign1 = (sign & 2) != 0;
+    return db * vec2(
+        grid.x * (sign0 ? -1.0 : 1.0),
+        grid.y * (sign1 ? -1.0 : 1.0)
+    );
+}
+vec4 dequantize4(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
+    const uint scale = (data_a[a_offset + ib].scales[iqs / 32] >> (4 * ((iqs / 16) & 1))) & 0xf;
+    const uint qs = data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[iqs / 8];
+    const float db = 0.25 * (0.5 + scale);
+    const uint sign7 = qs >> 9;
+    // Add parity bit
+    const uint sign8 = sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7);
+    const uint sign = sign8 >> (iqs % 8);
+    const u8vec4 grid = unpack8(iq2xs_grid[qs & 511][(iqs % 8) / 4] >> (8 * (iqs % 4)));
+    bool sign0 = (sign & 1) != 0;
+    bool sign1 = (sign & 2) != 0;
+    bool sign2 = (sign & 4) != 0;
+    bool sign3 = (sign & 8) != 0;
+    return db * vec4(
+        grid.x * (sign0 ? -1.0 : 1.0),
+        grid.y * (sign1 ? -1.0 : 1.0),
+        grid.z * (sign2 ? -1.0 : 1.0),
+        grid.w * (sign3 ? -1.0 : 1.0)
+    );
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ2_S)
+vec2 dequantize(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
+    const uint ib32 = iqs / 32;
+    const uint ib8 = iqs / 8;
+
+    const uint scale = (data_a[a_offset + ib].scales[ib32] >> (4 * ((iqs / 16) & 1))) & 0xf;
+    const uint qs = data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[ib8];
+    const uint qh = data_a[a_offset + ib].qh[ib32];
+    const uint qhshift = 2 * (ib8 % 4);
+    const uint sign = data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[QUANT_K / 8 + ib8] >> (iqs % 8);
+
+    const float db = 0.25 * (0.5 + scale);
+    const u8vec4 grid = unpack8(iq2s_grid[qs | ((qh << (8 - qhshift)) & 0x300)][(iqs % 8) / 4]);
+    bool sign0 = (sign & 1) != 0;
+    bool sign1 = (sign & 2) != 0;
+    return db * vec2(
+        grid[iqs % 4] * (sign0 ? -1.0 : 1.0),
+        grid[(iqs % 4) + 1] * (sign1 ? -1.0 : 1.0)
+    );
+}
+vec4 dequantize4(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
+    const uint ib32 = iqs / 32;
+    const uint ib8 = iqs / 8;
+
+    const uint scale = (data_a[a_offset + ib].scales[ib32] >> (4 * ((iqs / 16) & 1))) & 0xf;
+    const uint qs = data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[ib8];
+    const uint qh = data_a[a_offset + ib].qh[ib32];
+    const uint qhshift = 2 * (ib8 % 4);
+    const uint sign = data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[QUANT_K / 8 + ib8] >> (iqs % 8);
+
+    const float db = 0.25 * (0.5 + scale);
+    const u8vec4 grid = unpack8(iq2s_grid[qs | ((qh << (8 - qhshift)) & 0x300)][(iqs % 8) / 4]);
+    bool sign0 = (sign & 1) != 0;
+    bool sign1 = (sign & 2) != 0;
+    bool sign2 = (sign & 4) != 0;
+    bool sign3 = (sign & 8) != 0;
+    return db * vec4(
+        grid.x * (sign0 ? -1.0 : 1.0),
+        grid.y * (sign1 ? -1.0 : 1.0),
+        grid.z * (sign2 ? -1.0 : 1.0),
+        grid.w * (sign3 ? -1.0 : 1.0)
+    );
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ3_XXS)
+vec2 dequantize(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
+    const uint ib4 = iqs / 4;
+    const uint ib32 = iqs / 32;
+    const uint is = QUANT_K / 4 + 4 * ib32;
+    const uint qs = data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[ib4];
+    // Scales are stored as packed 7+7+7+7+4 bits (4 sign tuples and 1 int4 scale)
+    const uint signs = pack32(u16vec2(data_a_packed16[a_offset + ib].qs[is / 2],
+        data_a_packed16[a_offset + ib].qs[is / 2 + 1]));
+    const float db = 0.5 * (0.5 + (signs >> 28));
+    const uint sign7 = bitfieldExtract(signs, 7 * (int(ib4 / 2) % 4), 7);
+    // Add parity bit
+    const uint sign8 = sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7);
+    const uint sign = sign8 >> (iqs % 8);
+    const u8vec4 grid = unpack8(iq3xxs_grid[qs] >> (8 * (iqs % 4)));
+    bool sign0 = (sign & 1) != 0;
+    bool sign1 = (sign & 2) != 0;
+    return db * vec2(
+        grid.x * (sign0 ? -1.0 : 1.0),
+        grid.y * (sign1 ? -1.0 : 1.0)
+    );
+}
+vec4 dequantize4(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
+    const uint ib4 = iqs / 4;
+    const uint ib32 = iqs / 32;
+    const uint is = QUANT_K / 4 + 4 * ib32;
+    const uint qs = data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[ib4];
+    const uint signs = pack32(u16vec2(data_a_packed16[a_offset + ib].qs[is / 2],
+        data_a_packed16[a_offset + ib].qs[is / 2 + 1]));
+    const float db = 0.5 * (0.5 + (signs >> 28));
+    const uint sign7 = bitfieldExtract(signs, 7 * (int(ib4 / 2) % 4), 7);
+    // Add parity bit
+    const uint sign8 = sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7);
+    const uint sign = sign8 >> (iqs % 8);
+    const u8vec4 grid = unpack8(iq3xxs_grid[qs]);
+    bool sign0 = (sign & 1) != 0;
+    bool sign1 = (sign & 2) != 0;
+    bool sign2 = (sign & 4) != 0;
+    bool sign3 = (sign & 8) != 0;
+    return db * vec4(
+        grid.x * (sign0 ? -1.0 : 1.0),
+        grid.y * (sign1 ? -1.0 : 1.0),
+        grid.z * (sign2 ? -1.0 : 1.0),
+        grid.w * (sign3 ? -1.0 : 1.0)
+    );
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ3_S)
+vec2 dequantize(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
+    const uint qs = data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[iqs / 4];
+    const uint qh = data_a[a_offset + ib].qh[iqs / 32];
+    const uint sign = data_a[a_offset + ib].signs[iqs / 8] >> (iqs % 8);
+    const uint scale = data_a[a_offset + ib].scales[iqs / 64];
+    bool sign0 = (sign & 1) != 0;
+    bool sign1 = (sign & 2) != 0;
+    const float db = 1 + 2 * ((scale >> (4 * ((iqs / 32) & 1))) & 0xf);
+    const uint32_t grid = iq3s_grid[qs | ((qh << (8 - ((iqs / 4) % 8))) & 256)] >> (8 * (iqs % 4));
+    return db * vec2(
+        int(grid & 0xFF) * (sign0 ? -1.0 : 1.0),
+        int((grid >> 8) & 0xFF) * (sign1 ? -1.0 : 1.0)
+    );
+}
+vec4 dequantize4(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
+    const uint ib4 = iqs / 4;
+    const uint ib32 = iqs / 32;
+    const uint qs = data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[ib4];
+    const uint qh = data_a[a_offset + ib].qh[ib32];
+    const uint sign = data_a[a_offset + ib].signs[iqs / 8] >> (iqs % 8);
+    const uint scale = data_a[a_offset + ib].scales[ib32 / 2];
+    bool sign0 = (sign & 1) != 0;
+    bool sign1 = (sign & 2) != 0;
+    bool sign2 = (sign & 4) != 0;
+    bool sign3 = (sign & 8) != 0;
+    const float db = 1 + 2 * ((scale >> (4 * (ib32 & 1))) & 0xf);
+    const uint32_t grid = iq3s_grid[qs | ((qh << (8 - ib4 % 8)) & 256)] >> (8 * (iqs % 4));
+    return db * vec4(
+        int(grid & 0xFF) * (sign0 ? -1.0 : 1.0),
+        int((grid >> 8) & 0xFF) * (sign1 ? -1.0 : 1.0),
+        int((grid >> 16) & 0xFF) * (sign2 ? -1.0 : 1.0),
+        int((grid >> 24) & 0xFF) * (sign3 ? -1.0 : 1.0)
+    );
+}
+#endif
+
 #if defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
 vec2 dequantize(uint ib, uint iqs, uint a_offset) {
     const uint vui = uint(data_a[a_offset + ib].qs[iqs]);
@@ -105,7 +321,7 @@ vec2 get_dm(uint ib, uint a_offset) {
 }
 #endif
 
-#if defined(DATA_A_Q4_0) || defined(DATA_A_Q5_0) || defined(DATA_A_Q8_0) || defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
+#if defined(DATA_A_Q4_0) || defined(DATA_A_Q5_0) || defined(DATA_A_Q8_0) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XXS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ3_XXS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ3_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
 vec2 get_dm(uint ib, uint a_offset) {
     return vec2(float(data_a[a_offset + ib].d), 0);
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_funcs_cm2.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_funcs_cm2.comp
index 175e31fa76..974efd3f9a 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_funcs_cm2.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_funcs_cm2.comp
@@ -301,6 +301,160 @@ float16_t dequantFuncQ6_K(const in decodeBufQ6_K bl, const in uint blockCoords[2
     return ret;
 }
 
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XXS)
+layout(buffer_reference, std430, buffer_reference_align = 2) buffer decodeBufIQ2_XXS {
+   block_iq2_xxs block;
+};
+
+layout(buffer_reference, std430, buffer_reference_align = 2) buffer decodeBufIQ2_XXS_packed16 {
+   block_iq2_xxs_packed16 block;
+};
+
+float16_t dequantFuncIQ2_XXS(const in decodeBufIQ2_XXS bl, const in uint blockCoords[2], const in uint coordInBlock[2])
+{
+    decodeBufIQ2_XXS_packed16 bl16 = decodeBufIQ2_XXS_packed16(bl);
+    const float16_t d = bl.block.d;
+    const uint idx = coordInBlock[1];
+
+    const uint ib32 = (idx & 0xE0) >> 5; // 0..7
+    const uint ib8 = (idx & 0x18) >> 3;  // 0..3
+    const uint iqs = 8 * ib32 + ib8;
+
+    const uint8_t qs = bl.block.qs[iqs];
+    const uint signscale = pack32(u16vec2(bl16.block.qs[4*ib32+2], bl16.block.qs[4*ib32+3]));
+
+    const float16_t dscale = bl.block.d * 0.25hf * (0.5hf + float16_t(signscale >> 28));
+    uint sign = bitfieldExtract(signscale, 7 * int(ib8), 7);
+    sign |= bitCount(sign) << 7;
+
+    const uint8_t g = unpack8(iq2xxs_grid[qs][(idx & 4) >> 2])[idx & 3];
+
+    float16_t ret = dscale * float16_t(g) * ((sign & (1 << (idx & 7))) != 0 ? -1.0hf : 1.0hf);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XS)
+layout(buffer_reference, std430, buffer_reference_align = 2) buffer decodeBufIQ2_XS {
+   block_iq2_xs block;
+};
+
+float16_t dequantFuncIQ2_XS(const in decodeBufIQ2_XS bl, const in uint blockCoords[2], const in uint coordInBlock[2])
+{
+    const float16_t d = bl.block.d;
+    const uint idx = coordInBlock[1];
+
+    const uint is = (idx & 0xE0) >> 5;     // 0..8
+    const uint sshift = (idx & 0x10) >> 2; // 0,4
+    const uint iqs = (idx & 0xF8) >> 3;    // 0..63
+
+    const uint16_t qs = bl.block.qs[iqs];
+    const float16_t dscale = bl.block.d * 0.25hf * (0.5hf + float16_t((bl.block.scales[is] >> sshift) & 0xF));
+
+    uint sign = uint(qs >> 9);
+    sign |= bitCount(sign) << 7;
+    const uint8_t g = unpack8(iq2xs_grid[qs & 0x1FF][(idx & 4) >> 2])[idx & 3];
+
+    float16_t ret = dscale * float16_t(g) * ((sign & (1 << (idx & 7))) != 0 ? -1.0hf : 1.0hf);
+    return ret;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ2_S)
+layout(buffer_reference, std430, buffer_reference_align = 2) buffer decodeBufIQ2_S {
+   block_iq2_s block;
+};
+
+float16_t dequantFuncIQ2_S(const in decodeBufIQ2_S bl, const in uint blockCoords[2], const in uint coordInBlock[2])
+{
+    uint idx = coordInBlock[1];
+    uint lsb = idx & 1;
+    idx /= 2;
+
+    const uint ib8 = (idx % 128) / 4; // 0..31
+    const uint ib32 = ib8 / 4;        // 0..7
+
+    const uint scale = (bl.block.scales[ib32] >> (2 * (ib8 & 2))) & 0xf;
+    const uint qs = bl.block.qs[ib8];
+    const uint qh = bl.block.qh[ib32];
+    const uint qhshift = 2 * (ib8 % 4);
+    const uint sign = bl.block.qs[QUANT_K / 8 + ib8] >> (2 * (idx % 4));
+
+    const float d = float(bl.block.d);
+    const float db = d * 0.25 * (0.5 + scale);
+    const i8vec2 sign01 = i8vec2(1 - (2 & i8vec2(int8_t(sign << 1), int8_t(sign))));
+    const uint16_t grid = unpack16(iq2s_grid[qs | ((qh << (8 - qhshift)) & 0x300)][(idx & 2) >> 1])[idx & 1];
+    const vec2 v = db * vec2(sign01) * vec2(unpack8(grid));
+    return float16_t(v[lsb]);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ3_XXS)
+layout(buffer_reference, std430, buffer_reference_align = 2) buffer decodeBufIQ3_XXS {
+   block_iq3_xxs block;
+};
+
+layout(buffer_reference, std430, buffer_reference_align = 2) buffer decodeBufIQ3_XXS_packed16 {
+   block_iq3_xxs_packed16 block;
+};
+
+float16_t dequantFuncIQ3_XXS(const in decodeBufIQ3_XXS bl, const in uint blockCoords[2], const in uint coordInBlock[2])
+{
+    uint idx = coordInBlock[1];
+    uint lsb = idx & 1;
+    idx /= 2;
+
+    const uint iqs = (idx % 128) / 2;           // 0..63
+    const uint is = QUANT_K / 4 + 4 * (iqs / 8); // 8 values
+
+    const float d = float(bl.block.d);
+    const uint qs = bl.block.qs[iqs];
+    const uint signs = pack32(u8vec4(
+        bl.block.qs[is+0],
+        bl.block.qs[is+1],
+        bl.block.qs[is+2],
+        bl.block.qs[is+3]
+    ));
+    const float db = d * 0.5 * (0.5 + (signs >> 28));
+    const uint32_t sign7 = bitfieldExtract(signs, 7 * (int(iqs / 2) % 4), 7);
+    const uint sign = (sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7)) >> (2 * (idx % 4));
+    const i8vec2 sign01 = i8vec2(1 - (2 & i8vec2(int8_t(sign << 1), int8_t(sign))));
+    const uint grid = iq3xxs_grid[qs] >> (16 * (idx & 1));
+    const vec2 v = db * vec2(sign01) * vec2(unpack8(grid).xy);
+    return float16_t(v[lsb]);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ3_S)
+layout(buffer_reference, std430, buffer_reference_align = 2) buffer decodeBufIQ3_S {
+   block_iq3_s block;
+};
+
+float16_t dequantFuncIQ3_S(const in decodeBufIQ3_S bl, const in uint blockCoords[2], const in uint coordInBlock[2])
+{
+    uint idx = coordInBlock[1];
+    uint lsb = idx & 1;
+    idx /= 2;
+
+    const uint iqs = (idx % 128) / 2;           // 0..63
+    const uint iqh = iqs / 8;
+
+    const float d = float(bl.block.d);
+    const uint qs = bl.block.qs[iqs];
+    const uint qh = bl.block.qh[iqh];
+    const int8_t sign = int8_t(bl.block.signs[iqs / 2] >> (2 * (idx % 4)));
+    const uint scale = bl.block.scales[iqs / 16];
+    const i8vec2 sign01 = i8vec2(1 - (2 & i8vec2(sign << 1, sign)));
+    const float db = d * (1 + 2 * ((scale >> (4 * (iqh & 1))) & 0xf));
+    const uint32_t grid = iq3s_grid[qs | ((qh << (8 - (iqs % 8))) & 256)] >> (16 * (idx % 2));
+    const vec2 v = db * vec2(sign01) * vec2(unpack8(grid).xy);
+
+    return float16_t(v[lsb]);
+}
+#endif
+
+
 #if defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
 layout(buffer_reference, std430, buffer_reference_align = 2) buffer decodeBufIQ4_NL {
    block_iq4_nl block;
@@ -340,6 +494,16 @@ float16_t dequantFuncIQ4_NL(const in decodeBufIQ4_NL bl, const in uint blockCoor
 #define dequantFuncA dequantFuncQ5_K
 #elif defined(DATA_A_Q6_K)
 #define dequantFuncA dequantFuncQ6_K
+#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XXS)
+#define dequantFuncA dequantFuncIQ2_XXS
+#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XS)
+#define dequantFuncA dequantFuncIQ2_XS
+#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ2_S)
+#define dequantFuncA dequantFuncIQ2_S
+#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ3_XXS)
+#define dequantFuncA dequantFuncIQ3_XXS
+#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ3_S)
+#define dequantFuncA dequantFuncIQ3_S
 #elif defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
 #define dequantFuncA dequantFuncIQ4_NL
 #endif
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_s.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_s.comp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..48f6b65bc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_s.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "dequant_head.comp"
+
+layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {block_iq2_s data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_b[];};
+
+void main() {
+    // Each thread handles 1 subblock (32 values with 2 scales)
+    const uint ib = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 32 + gl_LocalInvocationID.x / 8;
+
+    init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
+
+    if (ib >= p.nel / 256) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint ib32 = gl_LocalInvocationID.x % 8;
+    const uint b_idx = 256 * ib + 32 * ib32;
+
+    const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
+    const vec2 scale = vec2(data_a[ib].scales[ib32] & 0xf, data_a[ib].scales[ib32] >> 4);
+    const vec2 db = d * (0.5 + scale) * 0.25;
+
+    uint qh = data_a[ib].qh[ib32];
+    [[unroll]] for (uint l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
+        uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[4 * ib32 + l];
+        const uint8_t sign = data_a[ib].qs[QUANT_K / 8 + 4 * ib32 + l];
+        qs |= (qh << (8 - 2 * l)) & 0x300;
+        const uvec2 grid = iq2s_grid[qs & 511];
+        const u8vec4 grid0 = unpack8(grid.x);
+        const u8vec4 grid1 = unpack8(grid.y);
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 0] = D_TYPE(db[l/2] * grid0.x * ((sign & 1) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 1] = D_TYPE(db[l/2] * grid0.y * ((sign & 2) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 2] = D_TYPE(db[l/2] * grid0.z * ((sign & 4) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 3] = D_TYPE(db[l/2] * grid0.w * ((sign & 8) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 4] = D_TYPE(db[l/2] * grid1.x * ((sign & 16) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 5] = D_TYPE(db[l/2] * grid1.y * ((sign & 32) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 6] = D_TYPE(db[l/2] * grid1.z * ((sign & 64) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 7] = D_TYPE(db[l/2] * grid1.w * ((sign & 128) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_xs.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_xs.comp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a08331c40d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_xs.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "dequant_head.comp"
+
+layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {block_iq2_xs data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_b[];};
+
+void main() {
+    // Each thread handles 1 subblock (32 values with 2 scales)
+    const uint ib = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 32 + gl_LocalInvocationID.x / 8;
+
+    init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
+
+    if (ib >= p.nel / 256) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint ib32 = gl_LocalInvocationID.x % 8;
+    const uint b_idx = 256 * ib + 32 * ib32;
+
+    const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
+    const vec2 scale = vec2(data_a[ib].scales[ib32] & 0xf, data_a[ib].scales[ib32] >> 4);
+    const vec2 db = d * (0.5 + scale) * 0.25;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
+        uint16_t qs = data_a[ib].qs[4 * ib32 + l];
+        const uint sign7 = qs >> 9;
+        const uint sign8 = sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7); // parity bit
+        const uvec2 grid = iq2xs_grid[qs & 511];
+        const u8vec4 grid0 = unpack8(grid.x);
+        const u8vec4 grid1 = unpack8(grid.y);
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 0] = D_TYPE(db[l/2] * grid0.x * ((sign8 & 1) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 1] = D_TYPE(db[l/2] * grid0.y * ((sign8 & 2) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 2] = D_TYPE(db[l/2] * grid0.z * ((sign8 & 4) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 3] = D_TYPE(db[l/2] * grid0.w * ((sign8 & 8) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 4] = D_TYPE(db[l/2] * grid1.x * ((sign8 & 16) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 5] = D_TYPE(db[l/2] * grid1.y * ((sign8 & 32) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 6] = D_TYPE(db[l/2] * grid1.z * ((sign8 & 64) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 7] = D_TYPE(db[l/2] * grid1.w * ((sign8 & 128) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_xxs.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_xxs.comp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e370690bcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq2_xxs.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "dequant_head.comp"
+
+layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {block_iq2_xxs data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_b[];};
+
+void main() {
+    // Each thread handles 1 scale block (32 values)
+    // Each block is described by 4 lattice indices, 4x7 sign bits and 4 scale bits
+    const uint ib = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 32 + gl_LocalInvocationID.x / 8;
+
+    init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
+
+    if (ib >= p.nel / 256) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint is = gl_LocalInvocationID.x % 8;
+    const uint b_idx = 256 * ib + 32 * is;
+
+    const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
+    uint signscale = pack32(u8vec4(
+        data_a[ib].qs[8*is + 4],
+        data_a[ib].qs[8*is + 5],
+        data_a[ib].qs[8*is + 6],
+        data_a[ib].qs[8*is + 7]
+    ));
+    const float db = d * (0.5 + (signscale >> 28)) * 0.25;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
+        const uint sign7 = bitfieldExtract(signscale, 7 * int(l), 7);
+        const uint sign8 = sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7); // parity bit
+        const uvec2 grid = iq2xxs_grid[data_a[ib].qs[8 * is + l]];
+        const u8vec4 grid0 = unpack8(grid.x);
+        const u8vec4 grid1 = unpack8(grid.y);
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 0] = D_TYPE(db * grid0.x * ((sign8 & 1) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 1] = D_TYPE(db * grid0.y * ((sign8 & 2) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 2] = D_TYPE(db * grid0.z * ((sign8 & 4) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 3] = D_TYPE(db * grid0.w * ((sign8 & 8) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 4] = D_TYPE(db * grid1.x * ((sign8 & 16) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 5] = D_TYPE(db * grid1.y * ((sign8 & 32) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 6] = D_TYPE(db * grid1.z * ((sign8 & 64) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 7] = D_TYPE(db * grid1.w * ((sign8 & 128) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq3_s.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq3_s.comp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c3f4bca5d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq3_s.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "dequant_head.comp"
+
+layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {block_iq3_s data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_b[];};
+
+void main() {
+    // Each thread handles 1 scale nibble.
+    // Each block contains 4 scale bytes (8 scales) for 256 output values.
+    const uint ib = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 32 + gl_LocalInvocationID.x / 8;
+
+    init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
+
+    if (ib >= p.nel / 256) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint is = gl_LocalInvocationID.x % 8;
+    const uint b_idx = 256 * ib + 32 * is;
+
+    const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
+    const float db = d * (1 + 2 * ((data_a[ib].scales[is] >> (4 * (is % 2))) & 0xf));
+
+    // We must produce 32 values using 4 sign bytes, 1 qh byte, 8 qs bytes.
+    uint qh = data_a[ib].qh[is];
+    [[unroll]] for (uint l = 0; l < 8; ++l) {
+        uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[8 * is + l];
+        uint gidx = qs | ((qh << (8 - l)) & 256);
+        uint8_t signs = data_a[ib].signs[8 * is + l / 2] >> (4 * (l & 1));
+        u8vec4 grid = unpack8(iq3s_grid[gidx]);
+        data_b[b_idx + 4 * l + 0] = D_TYPE(db * grid.x * ((signs & 1) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 4 * l + 1] = D_TYPE(db * grid.y * ((signs & 2) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 4 * l + 2] = D_TYPE(db * grid.z * ((signs & 4) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 4 * l + 3] = D_TYPE(db * grid.w * ((signs & 8) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq3_xxs.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq3_xxs.comp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a92b82961a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq3_xxs.comp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#version 450
+
+#include "dequant_head.comp"
+
+layout(local_size_x = 256, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer A {block_iq3_xxs data_a[];};
+layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_b[];};
+
+void main() {
+    // Each thread handles 1 scale block (32 values)
+    // 8 threads handle 1 superblock
+    const uint ib = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 32 + gl_LocalInvocationID.x / 8;
+
+    init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
+
+    if (ib >= p.nel / 256) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const uint is = gl_LocalInvocationID.x % 8;
+    const uint b_idx = 256 * ib + 32 * is;
+    const uint s_idx = QUANT_K / 4 + 4 * is;
+
+    const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
+    uint signscale = pack32(u8vec4(
+        data_a[ib].qs[s_idx + 0],
+        data_a[ib].qs[s_idx + 1],
+        data_a[ib].qs[s_idx + 2],
+        data_a[ib].qs[s_idx + 3]
+    ));
+    const float db = d * (0.5 + (signscale >> 28)) * 0.5;
+
+    [[unroll]] for (uint l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
+        const uint sign7 = bitfieldExtract(signscale, 7 * int(l), 7);
+        // Restore parity bit.
+        const uint sign8 = sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7);
+        const u8vec4 grid0 = unpack8(iq3xxs_grid[data_a[ib].qs[8 * is + 2 * l]]);
+        const u8vec4 grid1 = unpack8(iq3xxs_grid[data_a[ib].qs[8 * is + 2 * l + 1]]);
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 0] = D_TYPE(db * grid0.x * ((sign8 & 1) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 1] = D_TYPE(db * grid0.y * ((sign8 & 2) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 2] = D_TYPE(db * grid0.z * ((sign8 & 4) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 3] = D_TYPE(db * grid0.w * ((sign8 & 8) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 4] = D_TYPE(db * grid1.x * ((sign8 & 16) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 5] = D_TYPE(db * grid1.y * ((sign8 & 32) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 6] = D_TYPE(db * grid1.z * ((sign8 & 64) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+        data_b[b_idx + 8 * l + 7] = D_TYPE(db * grid1.w * ((sign8 & 128) != 0 ? -1.0 : 1.0));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq4_nl.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq4_nl.comp
index 8de14fc03f..46d9ad15eb 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq4_nl.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/dequant_iq4_nl.comp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_b[];};
 void main() {
     const uint i = gl_WorkGroupID.x * 4 + gl_LocalInvocationID.x / 64;
 
-    init_iq4nl_shmem();
+    init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
 
     const uint tid = gl_LocalInvocationID.x % 64;
     const uint il  = tid/32;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/diag_mask_inf.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/diag_mask_inf.comp
index 4e68742b51..26d8bc22ad 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/diag_mask_inf.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/diag_mask_inf.comp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ layout (push_constant) uniform parameter
 
 #include "types.comp"
 
-layout(local_size_x = 512, local_size_y = 1, local_size_z = 1) in;
+layout(local_size_x = 1, local_size_y = 512, local_size_z = 1) in;
 
 layout (binding = 0) readonly buffer X {A_TYPE data_a[];};
 layout (binding = 1) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_cm2.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_cm2.comp
index ca3a59b8fa..043a530238 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_cm2.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/flash_attn_cm2.comp
@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ ACC_TYPE Max(const in uint32_t row, const in uint32_t col, const in ACC_TYPE ele
 #endif
 
 void main() {
-#if defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
-    init_iq4nl_shmem();
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XXS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ3_XXS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ3_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
+    init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
 #endif
 
     const uint32_t N = p.N;
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ void main() {
     tensorLayoutK = setTensorLayoutStrideNV(tensorLayoutK, k_stride, 1);
     tensorLayoutV = setTensorLayoutStrideNV(tensorLayoutV, v_stride, 1);
 
-    coopmat<Q_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, D, gl_MatrixUseA> Q;
+    coopmat<Q_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, D, gl_MatrixUseAccumulator> Q;
     coopmat<float16_t, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, Br, D, gl_MatrixUseA> Qf16;
 
     uint32_t q_offset = iq2*p.nb02+iq3*p.nb03;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/get_rows_quant.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/get_rows_quant.comp
index 1426fde659..09dc43d8dc 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/get_rows_quant.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/get_rows_quant.comp
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ void main() {
     const uint i11 = (gl_GlobalInvocationID.z)/p.ne12;
     const uint i12 = (gl_GlobalInvocationID.z)%p.ne12;
 
-#if defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
-    init_iq4nl_shmem();
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XXS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ3_XXS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ3_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
+    init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
 #endif
 
     if (i00 >= p.ne00) {
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec.comp
index 53902858de..48156e7bab 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mat_vec.comp
@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@ void compute_outputs(const uint32_t first_row, const uint32_t num_rows) {
 void main() {
     const uint first_row = NUM_ROWS * (gl_WorkGroupID.x + gl_NumWorkGroups.x * gl_WorkGroupID.z);
 
-#if defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
-    init_iq4nl_shmem();
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XXS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ3_XXS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ3_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
+    init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
 #endif
 
     // do NUM_ROWS at a time, unless there aren't enough remaining rows
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm.comp
index 48122cbef9..d0559aac8e 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm.comp
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ shared ACC_TYPE coopmat_stage[TM * TN * NUM_WARPS];
 #endif
 
 void main() {
-#if defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
-    init_iq4nl_shmem();
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XXS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ3_XXS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ3_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
+    init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
@@ -343,10 +343,8 @@ void main() {
             const uint qsshift = halfsplit * 2;          // 0,2,4,6
             const uint m = 1 << (4 * n + halfsplit);     // 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128
 
-            const int8_t us = int8_t(is <  4 ? (data_a[ib].scales[is-0] & 0xF) | (((data_a[ib].scales[is+8] >> 0) & 3) << 4) :
-                                    is <  8 ? (data_a[ib].scales[is-0] & 0xF) | (((data_a[ib].scales[is+4] >> 2) & 3) << 4) :
-                                    is < 12 ? (data_a[ib].scales[is-8] >>  4) | (((data_a[ib].scales[is+0] >> 4) & 3) << 4) :
-                                            (data_a[ib].scales[is-8] >>  4) | (((data_a[ib].scales[is-4] >> 6) & 3) << 4));
+            const int8_t us = int8_t(((data_a[ib].scales[is % 8] >> (4 * int(is / 8))) & 0xF)
+                                  | (((data_a[ib].scales[8 + (is % 4)] >> (2 * int(is / 4))) & 3) << 4));
             const float dl = float(data_a[ib].d) * float(us - 32);
 
             buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(dl * float(int8_t((data_a[ib].qs[qsi    ] >> qsshift) & 3) - (((data_a[ib].hmask[hmi    ] & m) != 0) ? 0 : 4)));
@@ -439,6 +437,118 @@ void main() {
 
             buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(dscale * float(int8_t(((data_a[ib].ql[qsi    ] >> (b * 4)) & 0xF) | (((data_a[ib].qh[qhi    ] >> qhshift) & 3) << 4)) - 32));
             buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(dscale * float(int8_t(((data_a[ib].ql[qsi + 1] >> (b * 4)) & 0xF) | (((data_a[ib].qh[qhi + 1] >> qhshift) & 3) << 4)) - 32));
+#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XXS)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
+            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 128;                  // 2 values per idx
+            const uint ib32 = (idx % 128) / 16;         // 0..7
+            const uint ib8 = (idx / 4) % 4;
+
+            const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
+            const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[8 * ib32 + ib8];
+            const uint signs = pack32(u8vec4(
+                data_a[ib].qs[8*ib32 + 4],
+                data_a[ib].qs[8*ib32 + 5],
+                data_a[ib].qs[8*ib32 + 6],
+                data_a[ib].qs[8*ib32 + 7]
+            ));
+            const float db = d * 0.25 * (0.5 + (signs >> 28));
+            const uint32_t sign7 = bitfieldExtract(signs, 7 * int(ib8), 7);
+            const uint sign = (sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7)) >> (2 * (idx % 4));
+            const i8vec2 sign01 = i8vec2(1 - (2 & i8vec2(int8_t(sign << 1), int8_t(sign))));
+            const uint grid = iq2xxs_grid[qs][(idx % 4) / 2] >> (16 * (idx & 1));
+            const vec2 v = db * vec2(sign01) * vec2(unpack8(grid).xy);
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.x);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.y);
+#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XS)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
+            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 128;                  // 2 values per idx
+            const uint ib32 = (idx % 128) / 16;         // 0..7
+            const uint ib8 = (idx / 4) % 4;             // 0..3
+
+            const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
+            const uint scale = (data_a[ib].scales[ib32] >> (2 * (ib8 & 2))) & 0xf;
+            const float db = d * 0.25 * (0.5 + scale);
+            const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[4 * ib32 + ib8];
+            const uint sign7 = qs >> 9;
+            const uint sign = (sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7)) >> (2 * (idx % 4));
+            const i8vec2 sign01 = i8vec2(1 - (2 & i8vec2(int8_t(sign << 1), int8_t(sign))));
+            const uint grid = iq2xs_grid[qs & 511][(idx % 4) / 2] >> (16 * (idx & 1));
+            const vec2 v = db * vec2(sign01) * vec2(unpack8(grid).xy);
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.x);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.y);
+#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ2_S)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
+            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 128;        // 2 values per idx
+            const uint ib8 = (idx % 128) / 4; // 0..31
+            const uint ib32 = ib8 / 4;        // 0..7
+
+            const uint scale = (data_a[ib].scales[ib32] >> (2 * (ib8 & 2))) & 0xf;
+            const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[ib8];
+            const uint qh = data_a[ib].qh[ib32];
+            const uint qhshift = 2 * (ib8 % 4);
+            const uint sign = data_a[ib].qs[QUANT_K / 8 + ib8] >> (2 * (idx % 4));
+
+            const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
+            const float db = d * 0.25 * (0.5 + scale);
+            const i8vec2 sign01 = i8vec2(1 - (2 & i8vec2(int8_t(sign << 1), int8_t(sign))));
+            const uint16_t grid = unpack16(iq2s_grid[qs | ((qh << (8 - qhshift)) & 0x300)][(idx & 2) >> 1])[idx & 1];
+            const vec2 v = db * vec2(sign01) * vec2(unpack8(grid));
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.x);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.y);
+#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ3_XXS)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
+            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 128;                  // 2 values per idx
+            const uint iqs = (idx % 128) / 2;           // 0..63
+            const uint is = QUANT_K / 4 + 4 * (iqs / 8); // 8 values
+
+            const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
+            const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[iqs];
+            const uint signs = pack32(u8vec4(
+                data_a[ib].qs[is+0],
+                data_a[ib].qs[is+1],
+                data_a[ib].qs[is+2],
+                data_a[ib].qs[is+3]
+            ));
+            const float db = d * 0.5 * (0.5 + (signs >> 28));
+            const uint32_t sign7 = bitfieldExtract(signs, 7 * (int(iqs / 2) % 4), 7);
+            const uint sign = (sign7 | (bitCount(sign7) << 7)) >> (2 * (idx % 4));
+            const i8vec2 sign01 = i8vec2(1 - (2 & i8vec2(int8_t(sign << 1), int8_t(sign))));
+            const uint grid = iq3xxs_grid[qs] >> (16 * (idx & 1));
+            const vec2 v = db * vec2(sign01) * vec2(unpack8(grid).xy);
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.x);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.y);
+#elif defined(DATA_A_IQ3_S)
+            const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
+            const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a * LOAD_VEC_A;
+
+            const uint ib = idx / 128;                  // 2 values per idx
+            const uint iqs = (idx % 128) / 2;           // 0..63
+            const uint iqh = iqs / 8;
+
+            const float d = float(data_a[ib].d);
+            const uint qs = data_a[ib].qs[iqs];
+            const uint qh = data_a[ib].qh[iqh];
+            const int8_t sign = int8_t(data_a[ib].signs[iqs / 2] >> (2 * (idx % 4)));
+            const uint scale = data_a[ib].scales[iqs / 16];
+            const i8vec2 sign01 = i8vec2(1 - (2 & i8vec2(sign << 1, sign)));
+            const float db = d * (1 + 2 * ((scale >> (4 * (iqh & 1))) & 0xf));
+            const uint32_t grid = iq3s_grid[qs | ((qh << (8 - (iqs % 8))) & 256)] >> (16 * (idx % 2));
+            const vec2 v = db * vec2(sign01) * vec2(unpack8(grid).xy);
+
+            buf_a[buf_idx    ] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.x);
+            buf_a[buf_idx + 1] = FLOAT_TYPE(v.y);
 #elif defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
             const uint idx = pos_a + (loadc_a + l) * p.stride_a / LOAD_VEC_A + loadr_a;
             const uint buf_idx = (loadc_a + l) * SHMEM_STRIDE + loadr_a;
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm_cm2.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm_cm2.comp
index cbfa5dce1b..27c5d68b3d 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm_cm2.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/mul_mm_cm2.comp
@@ -57,17 +57,13 @@ layout (binding = 2) writeonly buffer D {D_TYPE data_d[];};
 
 #if QUANT_K > 1
 #define DECODEFUNCA , dequantFuncA
-#define MAT_A_TYPE float16_t
 
 #include "dequant_funcs_cm2.comp"
 
 #else
 #define DECODEFUNCA
-#define MAT_A_TYPE A_TYPE
 #endif
 
-#define MAT_B_TYPE B_TYPE
-
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
 layout (binding = 3) readonly buffer IDS {int data_ids[];};
 
@@ -110,8 +106,8 @@ D_TYPE perElemOpD(const in uint32_t r, const in uint32_t c, const in D_TYPE elem
 #endif
 
 void main() {
-#if defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
-    init_iq4nl_shmem();
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XXS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ2_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ3_XXS) || defined(DATA_A_IQ3_S) || defined(DATA_A_IQ4_NL)
+    init_iq_shmem(gl_WorkGroupSize);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
@@ -236,16 +232,13 @@ void main() {
 
         for (uint block_k = start_k, i = 0; i < k_iters; block_k += BK, ++i) {
 
-            coopmat<MAT_A_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BK, gl_MatrixUseA> mat_a;
-            coopmat<MAT_B_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BK, BN, gl_MatrixUseB> mat_b;
+            coopmat<FLOAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BK, gl_MatrixUseA> mat_a;
+            coopmat<FLOAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BK, BN, gl_MatrixUseB> mat_b;
 
             coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_a, data_a, pos_a, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutA, ir * BM, BM, block_k, BK) DECODEFUNCA);
-            coopmat<FLOAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BK, gl_MatrixUseA> mat_a_ft = coopmat<FLOAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BK, gl_MatrixUseA>(mat_a);
-
             coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_b, data_b, pos_b, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutB, ic * BN, BN, block_k, BK), tensorViewTranspose);
-            coopmat<FLOAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BK, BN, gl_MatrixUseB> mat_b_ft = coopmat<FLOAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BK, BN, gl_MatrixUseB>(mat_b);
 
-            sum = coopMatMulAdd(mat_a_ft, mat_b_ft, sum);
+            sum = coopMatMulAdd(mat_a, mat_b, sum);
         }
     } else
 #endif // !defined(MUL_MAT_ID)
@@ -261,10 +254,8 @@ void main() {
         [[dont_unroll]]
         for (uint block_k = start_k; block_k < end_k; block_k += BK) {
 
-            coopmat<MAT_A_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BK, gl_MatrixUseA> mat_a;
-            coopmat<MAT_B_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BK, BN, gl_MatrixUseB> mat_b;
-            coopmat<FLOAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BK, gl_MatrixUseA> mat_a_ft;
-            coopmat<FLOAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BK, BN, gl_MatrixUseB> mat_b_ft;
+            coopmat<FLOAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BK, gl_MatrixUseA> mat_a;
+            coopmat<FLOAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BK, BN, gl_MatrixUseB> mat_b;
 
             // Clamping is expensive, so detect different code paths for each combination
             // of A and B needing clamping.
@@ -281,16 +272,12 @@ void main() {
 #else
                 coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_b, data_b, pos_b, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutB, ic * BN, BN, (block_k & ~7), BK), tensorViewTranspose);
 #endif
-                mat_a_ft = coopmat<FLOAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BK, gl_MatrixUseA>(mat_a);
-                mat_b_ft = coopmat<FLOAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BK, BN, gl_MatrixUseB>(mat_b);
-                sum = coopMatMulAdd(mat_a_ft, mat_b_ft, sum);
+                sum = coopMatMulAdd(mat_a, mat_b, sum);
             } else if (unclampedA && !unclampedB) {
                 coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_a, data_a, pos_a, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutA, ir * BM, BM, (block_k & ~7), BK) DECODEFUNCA);
                 coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_b, data_b, pos_b, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutBClamp, ic * BN, BN, block_k, BK), tensorViewTranspose);
 
-                mat_a_ft = coopmat<FLOAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BK, gl_MatrixUseA>(mat_a);
-                mat_b_ft = coopmat<FLOAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BK, BN, gl_MatrixUseB>(mat_b);
-                sum = coopMatMulAdd(mat_a_ft, mat_b_ft, sum);
+                sum = coopMatMulAdd(mat_a, mat_b, sum);
             } else if (!unclampedA && unclampedB) {
                 coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_a, data_a, pos_a, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutAClamp, ir * BM, BM, block_k, BK) DECODEFUNCA);
 #ifdef MUL_MAT_ID
@@ -298,16 +285,12 @@ void main() {
 #else
                 coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_b, data_b, pos_b, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutB, ic * BN, BN, (block_k & ~7), BK), tensorViewTranspose);
 #endif
-                mat_a_ft = coopmat<FLOAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BK, gl_MatrixUseA>(mat_a);
-                mat_b_ft = coopmat<FLOAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BK, BN, gl_MatrixUseB>(mat_b);
-                sum = coopMatMulAdd(mat_a_ft, mat_b_ft, sum);
+                sum = coopMatMulAdd(mat_a, mat_b, sum);
             } else if (!unclampedA && !unclampedB) {
                 coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_a, data_a, pos_a, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutAClamp, ir * BM, BM, block_k, BK) DECODEFUNCA);
                 coopMatLoadTensorNV(mat_b, data_b, pos_b, sliceTensorLayoutNV(tensorLayoutBClamp, ic * BN, BN, block_k, BK), tensorViewTranspose);
 
-                mat_a_ft = coopmat<FLOAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BM, BK, gl_MatrixUseA>(mat_a);
-                mat_b_ft = coopmat<FLOAT_TYPE, gl_ScopeWorkgroup, BK, BN, gl_MatrixUseB>(mat_b);
-                sum = coopMatMulAdd(mat_a_ft, mat_b_ft, sum);
+                sum = coopMatMulAdd(mat_a, mat_b, sum);
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/types.comp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/types.comp
index 1e35b66528..9e56a35300 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/types.comp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/types.comp
@@ -294,6 +294,738 @@ struct block_q6_K_packed16
 
 // IQuants
 
+#define QUANT_K_IQ2_XXS 256
+#define QUANT_R_IQ2_XXS 1
+
+struct block_iq2_xxs
+{
+    float16_t d;
+    uint8_t qs[QUANT_K_IQ2_XXS/4];
+};
+
+struct block_iq2_xxs_packed16
+{
+    float16_t d;
+    uint16_t qs[QUANT_K_IQ2_XXS/8];
+};
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XXS)
+
+const uvec2[256] iq2xxs_grid_const = {
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x08080808),
+    uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x08080808),
+    uvec2(0x082b082b, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x082b2b08, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x082b2b2b, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x08080808),
+    uvec2(0x19081908, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x19192b08, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x192b0819, 0x08080808),
+    uvec2(0x192b1908, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x2b08082b, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x2b082b2b, 0x08080808),
+    uvec2(0x2b2b082b, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x08080819),
+    uvec2(0x08191919, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x2b192b08, 0x08080819),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x082b082b, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x2b08082b, 0x0808082b),
+    uvec2(0x08080819, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x08081908),
+    uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x08081908),
+    uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x08081908),
+    uvec2(0x2b2b1908, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x08081919),
+    uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x1908192b, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x192b2b19, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x08081919),
+    uvec2(0x2b190819, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x0808192b), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x0808192b), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x0808192b),
+    uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x0808192b), uvec2(0x2b2b1908, 0x0808192b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x08082b08),
+    uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x082b2b08, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x08082b08),
+    uvec2(0x19081908, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x1919082b, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x2b082b08, 0x08082b08),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x08082b19), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x08082b19), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x08082b2b), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x08082b2b),
+    uvec2(0x08080819, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x08190808),
+    uvec2(0x19080808, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x08190808),
+    uvec2(0x2b191919, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x08190819),
+    uvec2(0x19190808, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x19192b2b, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x0819082b),
+    uvec2(0x19081919, 0x0819082b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x08191908),
+    uvec2(0x082b1919, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x19082b19, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x08191919),
+    uvec2(0x192b082b, 0x08191919), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x0819192b), uvec2(0x0819192b, 0x0819192b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x08192b08),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x08192b08), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x08192b08), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x08192b08), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x08192b08),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x08192b19), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x08192b19), uvec2(0x2b2b0808, 0x08192b19), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x08192b2b),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x082b0808),
+    uvec2(0x192b0819, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x2b08082b, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x082b2b19, 0x082b0819),
+    uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x082b0819), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x082b082b), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x082b082b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x082b1908),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x1919192b, 0x082b1908),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x082b1919), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x082b1919), uvec2(0x192b1908, 0x082b1919), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x082b192b),
+    uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x082b2b08), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x082b2b08), uvec2(0x2b191908, 0x082b2b08), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x082b2b2b),
+    uvec2(0x08080819, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x19080808),
+    uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x19080808),
+    uvec2(0x1919192b, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x19080808),
+    uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x192b0819, 0x19080819),
+    uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x2b081919, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x1908082b), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x1908082b),
+    uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x1908082b), uvec2(0x1919192b, 0x1908082b), uvec2(0x192b2b08, 0x1908082b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x19081908),
+    uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x2b192b19, 0x19081908),
+    uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x1908192b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x19082b08),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x19082b08),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x19082b19), uvec2(0x19192b08, 0x19082b19), uvec2(0x192b0819, 0x19082b19), uvec2(0x2b08082b, 0x19082b19),
+    uvec2(0x19081919, 0x19082b2b), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x19082b2b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x19190808),
+    uvec2(0x08190819, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x08192b19, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x19190808),
+    uvec2(0x2b082b08, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x2b2b1908, 0x19190819),
+    uvec2(0x2b190819, 0x1919082b), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x2b19082b, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x19191919),
+    uvec2(0x08080819, 0x1919192b), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x1919192b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x19192b08), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x19192b08),
+    uvec2(0x08192b19, 0x19192b08), uvec2(0x192b1908, 0x19192b08), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x19192b19), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x19192b2b),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x192b2b08, 0x192b0808),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x192b0819), uvec2(0x19191919, 0x192b0819), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x192b082b), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x192b082b),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x192b1908), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x192b1908), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x192b1919), uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x192b1919),
+    uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x192b1919), uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x192b2b08), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x2b080808),
+    uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x2b08082b, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x2b080819),
+    uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x2b08082b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x2b081908),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x08191919, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x2b081908),
+    uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b081919), uvec2(0x1908192b, 0x2b081919), uvec2(0x2b191908, 0x2b081919),
+    uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x2b08192b), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x2b08192b), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x2b08192b), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x2b082b08),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x2b082b19), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x2b082b2b), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x2b190808),
+    uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x2b2b0819, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x0819192b, 0x2b190819),
+    uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x2b190819), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x2b19082b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b191908), uvec2(0x082b082b, 0x2b191908),
+    uvec2(0x19081908, 0x2b191908), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x2b191919), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x2b192b08), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x2b192b19),
+    uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x2b2b0808), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x2b2b0808), uvec2(0x2b081919, 0x2b2b0808), uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x2b2b0819),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b2b082b), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x2b2b1908), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x2b2b2b08), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x2b2b2b19)
+};
+
+shared uvec2 iq2xxs_grid[256];
+
+void init_iq_shmem(uvec3 wgsize)
+{
+    // copy the table into shared memory and sync
+    for (uint i = gl_LocalInvocationIndex.x; i < iq2xxs_grid.length(); i += wgsize.x) {
+        iq2xxs_grid[i] = iq2xxs_grid_const[i];
+    }
+    barrier();
+}
+
+#define QUANT_K QUANT_K_IQ2_XXS
+#define QUANT_R QUANT_R_IQ2_XXS
+#define A_TYPE block_iq2_xxs
+#define A_TYPE_PACKED16 block_iq2_xxs_packed16
+#endif
+
+#define QUANT_K_IQ2_XS 256
+#define QUANT_R_IQ2_XS 1
+
+struct block_iq2_xs
+{
+    float16_t d;
+    uint16_t qs[QUANT_K_IQ2_XS/8];
+    uint8_t scales[QUANT_K_IQ2_XS/32];
+};
+
+struct block_iq2_xs_packed16
+{
+    float16_t d;
+    uint16_t qs[QUANT_K_IQ2_XS/8];
+    uint16_t scales[QUANT_K_IQ2_XS/64];
+};
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ2_XS)
+
+const uvec2 iq2xs_grid_const[512] = {
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x08080808),
+    uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x0819192b, 0x08080808),
+    uvec2(0x08192b19, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x082b082b, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x082b1919, 0x08080808),
+    uvec2(0x082b2b08, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x1908192b, 0x08080808),
+    uvec2(0x19082b19, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x1919082b, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x19191919, 0x08080808),
+    uvec2(0x19192b08, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x192b0819, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x192b1908, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x08080808),
+    uvec2(0x2b08082b, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x2b081919, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x2b082b08, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x2b190819, 0x08080808),
+    uvec2(0x2b191908, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x2b192b19, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x2b2b0808, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x08080819),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x08080819),
+    uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x08191919, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x08192b2b, 0x08080819),
+    uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x08080819),
+    uvec2(0x19081919, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x08080819),
+    uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x192b2b08, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x08080819),
+    uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x0808082b),
+    uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x0808082b),
+    uvec2(0x19080819, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x19191919, 0x0808082b),
+    uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x2b082b2b, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x08081908),
+    uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x08081908),
+    uvec2(0x08191919, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x08081908),
+    uvec2(0x19080808, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x08081908),
+    uvec2(0x19190819, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x1919192b, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x08081908),
+    uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x08081919),
+    uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x08081919),
+    uvec2(0x08191908, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x08081919),
+    uvec2(0x19190808, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x192b0819, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x0808192b),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x0808192b), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x0808192b), uvec2(0x082b192b, 0x0808192b), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x0808192b),
+    uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x0808192b), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x0808192b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x08082b08),
+    uvec2(0x08081919, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x08082b08),
+    uvec2(0x08191908, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x082b1919, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x08082b08),
+    uvec2(0x19081908, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x19192b08, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x08082b08),
+    uvec2(0x2b2b0808, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x2b2b2b2b, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x08082b19), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x08082b19),
+    uvec2(0x08190808, 0x08082b19), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x08082b19), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x08082b19), uvec2(0x2b082b19, 0x08082b19),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x08082b2b), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x08082b2b), uvec2(0x082b2b08, 0x08082b2b), uvec2(0x2b19192b, 0x08082b2b),
+    uvec2(0x2b2b0808, 0x08082b2b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x08190808),
+    uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x08191919, 0x08190808),
+    uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x08190808),
+    uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x08190808),
+    uvec2(0x19191908, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x192b2b2b, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x08190808),
+    uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x08190819),
+    uvec2(0x08081919, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x08190819),
+    uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x08190819),
+    uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x2b191908, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x2b19192b, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x0819082b),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x0819082b), uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x0819082b), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x0819082b), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x0819082b),
+    uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x0819082b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x08191908),
+    uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x08191908),
+    uvec2(0x19080819, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x19082b19, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x08191908),
+    uvec2(0x192b1908, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x08191919), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x08191919),
+    uvec2(0x08190808, 0x08191919), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x08191919), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x0819192b), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x0819192b),
+    uvec2(0x19082b19, 0x0819192b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x08192b08), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x08192b08), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x08192b08),
+    uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x08192b08), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x08192b08), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x08192b08), uvec2(0x2b08192b, 0x08192b08),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x08192b19), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x08192b19), uvec2(0x192b192b, 0x08192b19), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x08192b2b),
+    uvec2(0x2b2b2b19, 0x08192b2b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x082b0808),
+    uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x082b0808),
+    uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x082b0808),
+    uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x2b2b0808, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x082b0819), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x082b0819),
+    uvec2(0x08190808, 0x082b0819), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x082b0819), uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x082b0819), uvec2(0x192b1919, 0x082b0819),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x082b082b), uvec2(0x082b082b, 0x082b082b), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x082b082b), uvec2(0x2b2b2b08, 0x082b082b),
+    uvec2(0x08080819, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x082b2b19, 0x082b1908),
+    uvec2(0x19080808, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x082b1919), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x082b1919), uvec2(0x1919082b, 0x082b1919),
+    uvec2(0x2b192b19, 0x082b1919), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x082b192b), uvec2(0x08192b2b, 0x082b192b), uvec2(0x2b2b192b, 0x082b192b),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x082b2b08), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x082b2b08), uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x082b2b08), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x082b2b08),
+    uvec2(0x19191919, 0x082b2b08), uvec2(0x2b082b08, 0x082b2b08), uvec2(0x2b2b082b, 0x082b2b08), uvec2(0x192b2b08, 0x082b2b19),
+    uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x082b2b19), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x082b2b2b), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x082b2b2b), uvec2(0x2b08082b, 0x082b2b2b),
+    uvec2(0x2b082b08, 0x082b2b2b), uvec2(0x2b082b2b, 0x082b2b2b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x19080808),
+    uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x19080808),
+    uvec2(0x08191919, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x19080808),
+    uvec2(0x19080808, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x19080808),
+    uvec2(0x19082b2b, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x19080808),
+    uvec2(0x192b1919, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x19080808),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x19080819),
+    uvec2(0x08190819, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x19080819),
+    uvec2(0x19081908, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x2b081919, 0x19080819),
+    uvec2(0x2b2b082b, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x1908082b), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x1908082b), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x1908082b),
+    uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x1908082b), uvec2(0x082b2b19, 0x1908082b), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x1908082b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x19081908),
+    uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x19081908),
+    uvec2(0x08191908, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x08192b19, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x19081908),
+    uvec2(0x19081908, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x2b191908, 0x19081908),
+    uvec2(0x08080819, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x19081919),
+    uvec2(0x19080808, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x2b192b2b, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x1908192b), uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x1908192b),
+    uvec2(0x19081908, 0x1908192b), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x1908192b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x19082b08),
+    uvec2(0x08190808, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x19082b08),
+    uvec2(0x192b082b, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x19082b19), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x19082b19), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x19082b19),
+    uvec2(0x19190808, 0x19082b19), uvec2(0x192b2b19, 0x19082b19), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x19082b2b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x19190808),
+    uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x19190808),
+    uvec2(0x08191908, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x082b2b08, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x19190808),
+    uvec2(0x19081908, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x19190819),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x08191919, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x19190819),
+    uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x1919082b), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x1919082b), uvec2(0x2b2b2b2b, 0x1919082b),
+    uvec2(0x08080819, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x19191908),
+    uvec2(0x19080808, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x2b2b0819, 0x19191908),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x19191919), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x19191919), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x19191919), uvec2(0x2b082b08, 0x19191919),
+    uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x1919192b), uvec2(0x192b2b08, 0x1919192b), uvec2(0x2b2b0819, 0x1919192b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x19192b08),
+    uvec2(0x08191908, 0x19192b08), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x19192b08), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x19192b08), uvec2(0x2b192b19, 0x19192b08),
+    uvec2(0x08192b2b, 0x19192b19), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x19192b19), uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x19192b19), uvec2(0x2b081919, 0x19192b2b),
+    uvec2(0x08080819, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x192b0808),
+    uvec2(0x19191908, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x192b082b, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x2b08192b, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x2b2b2b19, 0x192b0808),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x192b0819), uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x192b082b), uvec2(0x19082b2b, 0x192b082b), uvec2(0x2b19082b, 0x192b082b),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x192b1908), uvec2(0x0819192b, 0x192b1908), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x192b1919), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x192b1919),
+    uvec2(0x19081919, 0x192b1919), uvec2(0x2b2b1908, 0x192b1919), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x192b2b08), uvec2(0x192b2b2b, 0x192b2b08),
+    uvec2(0x082b1919, 0x192b2b19), uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x192b2b2b), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x192b2b2b), uvec2(0x192b082b, 0x192b2b2b),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x2b080808),
+    uvec2(0x08190819, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x082b2b2b, 0x2b080808),
+    uvec2(0x19080819, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x2b080808),
+    uvec2(0x2b08082b, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x2b2b2b08, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x2b2b2b2b, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x2b080819),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x2b080819),
+    uvec2(0x19190819, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x19192b19, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b08082b), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x2b08082b),
+    uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x2b08082b), uvec2(0x2b08082b, 0x2b08082b), uvec2(0x2b2b0808, 0x2b08082b), uvec2(0x2b2b2b08, 0x2b08082b),
+    uvec2(0x08080819, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x2b081908),
+    uvec2(0x08191919, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x2b082b19, 0x2b081908),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b081919), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x2b081919), uvec2(0x2b2b1919, 0x2b081919), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x2b08192b),
+    uvec2(0x192b2b2b, 0x2b08192b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b082b08), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x2b082b08), uvec2(0x082b1919, 0x2b082b08),
+    uvec2(0x19192b2b, 0x2b082b08), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x2b082b08), uvec2(0x2b08082b, 0x2b082b08), uvec2(0x2b2b2b08, 0x2b082b08),
+    uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x2b082b19), uvec2(0x082b082b, 0x2b082b2b), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x2b082b2b), uvec2(0x2b082b08, 0x2b082b2b),
+    uvec2(0x2b19192b, 0x2b082b2b), uvec2(0x2b2b2b08, 0x2b082b2b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x2b190808),
+    uvec2(0x08190808, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x1919192b, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x2b190808),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b190819), uvec2(0x082b082b, 0x2b190819), uvec2(0x192b1908, 0x2b190819), uvec2(0x1919192b, 0x2b19082b),
+    uvec2(0x2b082b19, 0x2b19082b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b191908), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x2b191908), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x2b191908),
+    uvec2(0x19190808, 0x2b191908), uvec2(0x19192b08, 0x2b191908), uvec2(0x082b2b19, 0x2b191919), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x2b191919),
+    uvec2(0x2b19082b, 0x2b191919), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x2b19192b), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x2b192b08), uvec2(0x2b2b192b, 0x2b192b08),
+    uvec2(0x19082b19, 0x2b192b19), uvec2(0x08191919, 0x2b192b2b), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x2b192b2b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b2b0808),
+    uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x2b2b0808), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x2b2b0808), uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x2b2b0808), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x2b2b0808),
+    uvec2(0x082b2b2b, 0x2b2b0808), uvec2(0x2b2b0808, 0x2b2b0808), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x2b2b0819), uvec2(0x19192b19, 0x2b2b0819),
+    uvec2(0x2b2b192b, 0x2b2b0819), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b2b082b), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x2b2b082b), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x2b2b082b),
+    uvec2(0x082b2b2b, 0x2b2b082b), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x2b2b082b), uvec2(0x2b2b0808, 0x2b2b082b), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x2b2b1908),
+    uvec2(0x2b191919, 0x2b2b1908), uvec2(0x192b1919, 0x2b2b192b), uvec2(0x2b192b08, 0x2b2b192b), uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x2b2b2b08),
+    uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x2b2b2b08), uvec2(0x082b082b, 0x2b2b2b08), uvec2(0x082b2b08, 0x2b2b2b08), uvec2(0x2b2b0808, 0x2b2b2b08),
+    uvec2(0x2b2b2b08, 0x2b2b2b08), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x2b2b2b19), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x2b2b2b19), uvec2(0x2b08192b, 0x2b2b2b19),
+    uvec2(0x082b2b08, 0x2b2b2b2b), uvec2(0x082b2b2b, 0x2b2b2b2b), uvec2(0x2b190819, 0x2b2b2b2b), uvec2(0x2b2b2b2b, 0x2b2b2b2b),
+};
+
+shared uvec2 iq2xs_grid[512];
+
+void init_iq_shmem(uvec3 wgsize)
+{
+    // copy the table into shared memory and sync
+    for (uint i = gl_LocalInvocationIndex.x; i < iq2xs_grid.length(); i += wgsize.x) {
+        iq2xs_grid[i] = iq2xs_grid_const[i];
+    }
+    barrier();
+}
+
+#define QUANT_K QUANT_K_IQ2_XS
+#define QUANT_R QUANT_R_IQ2_XS
+#define A_TYPE block_iq2_xs
+#define A_TYPE_PACKED16 block_iq2_xs_packed16
+#endif
+
+#define QUANT_K_IQ2_S 256
+#define QUANT_R_IQ2_S 1
+
+struct block_iq2_s
+{
+    float16_t d;
+    uint8_t qs[QUANT_K_IQ2_S/4];
+    uint8_t qh[QUANT_K_IQ2_S/32];
+    uint8_t scales[QUANT_K_IQ2_S/32];
+};
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ2_S)
+
+const uvec2 iq2s_grid_const[1024] = {
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x08080808),
+    uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x0819192b, 0x08080808),
+    uvec2(0x08192b19, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x082b082b, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x082b1919, 0x08080808),
+    uvec2(0x082b2b08, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x1908192b, 0x08080808),
+    uvec2(0x19082b19, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x1919082b, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x19191919, 0x08080808),
+    uvec2(0x19192b08, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x192b0819, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x192b1908, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x192b192b, 0x08080808),
+    uvec2(0x192b2b19, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x2b08082b, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x2b081919, 0x08080808),
+    uvec2(0x2b082b08, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x2b190819, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x2b191908, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x2b2b0808, 0x08080808),
+    uvec2(0x2b2b1919, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x2b2b2b2b, 0x08080808), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x08080819),
+    uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x08080819),
+    uvec2(0x08191919, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x08080819),
+    uvec2(0x19080808, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x08080819),
+    uvec2(0x19190819, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x1919192b, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x19192b19, 0x08080819),
+    uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x192b1919, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x192b2b08, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x08080819),
+    uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x2b19082b, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x2b191919, 0x08080819),
+    uvec2(0x2b2b0819, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x2b2b1908, 0x08080819), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x0808082b),
+    uvec2(0x08081919, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x0808082b),
+    uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x082b2b2b, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x0808082b),
+    uvec2(0x1908192b, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x19082b19, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x19191919, 0x0808082b),
+    uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x2b081919, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x2b082b2b, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x2b191908, 0x0808082b),
+    uvec2(0x2b2b082b, 0x0808082b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x08081908),
+    uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x08191919, 0x08081908),
+    uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x082b192b, 0x08081908),
+    uvec2(0x082b2b19, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x08081908),
+    uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x19082b2b, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x08081908),
+    uvec2(0x1919192b, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x19192b19, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x192b082b, 0x08081908),
+    uvec2(0x192b1919, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x2b08192b, 0x08081908),
+    uvec2(0x2b082b19, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x2b191919, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x2b192b08, 0x08081908),
+    uvec2(0x2b2b0819, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x2b2b1908, 0x08081908), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x08081919),
+    uvec2(0x08081919, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x08081919),
+    uvec2(0x08191908, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x0819192b, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x08192b19, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x08081919),
+    uvec2(0x082b1919, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x082b2b08, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x08081919),
+    uvec2(0x1908192b, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x19082b19, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x1919082b, 0x08081919),
+    uvec2(0x19191919, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x19192b08, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x192b0819, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x192b1908, 0x08081919),
+    uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x2b08082b, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x2b081919, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x2b082b08, 0x08081919),
+    uvec2(0x2b190819, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x2b191908, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x2b2b0808, 0x08081919), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x0808192b),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x0808192b), uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x0808192b), uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x0808192b), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x0808192b),
+    uvec2(0x08191919, 0x0808192b), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x0808192b), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x0808192b), uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x0808192b),
+    uvec2(0x19190819, 0x0808192b), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x0808192b), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x0808192b), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x0808192b),
+    uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x0808192b), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x0808192b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x08082b08),
+    uvec2(0x08081919, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x08082b08),
+    uvec2(0x0819192b, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x08192b19, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x082b1919, 0x08082b08),
+    uvec2(0x082b2b2b, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x1908192b, 0x08082b08),
+    uvec2(0x19082b19, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x1919082b, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x19191919, 0x08082b08),
+    uvec2(0x19192b08, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x192b0819, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x192b1908, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x08082b08),
+    uvec2(0x2b081919, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x2b191908, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x2b2b2b2b, 0x08082b08), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x08082b19),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x08082b19), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x08082b19), uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x08082b19), uvec2(0x08191919, 0x08082b19),
+    uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x08082b19), uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x08082b19), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x08082b19), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x08082b19),
+    uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x08082b19), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x08082b19), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x08082b19), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x08082b19),
+    uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x08082b19), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x08082b19), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x08082b2b), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x08082b2b),
+    uvec2(0x08191908, 0x08082b2b), uvec2(0x082b082b, 0x08082b2b), uvec2(0x082b2b08, 0x08082b2b), uvec2(0x082b2b2b, 0x08082b2b),
+    uvec2(0x19190808, 0x08082b2b), uvec2(0x2b192b19, 0x08082b2b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x08190808),
+    uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x08190808),
+    uvec2(0x08191919, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x08190808),
+    uvec2(0x082b192b, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x08190808),
+    uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x1919192b, 0x08190808),
+    uvec2(0x19192b19, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x192b082b, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x192b1919, 0x08190808),
+    uvec2(0x192b2b08, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x2b08192b, 0x08190808),
+    uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x2b191919, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x2b192b08, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x2b2b0819, 0x08190808),
+    uvec2(0x2b2b1908, 0x08190808), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x08190819),
+    uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x08190819),
+    uvec2(0x0819192b, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x08192b19, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x082b082b, 0x08190819),
+    uvec2(0x082b1919, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x082b2b08, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x08190819),
+    uvec2(0x1908192b, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x19082b19, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x1919082b, 0x08190819),
+    uvec2(0x19191919, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x19192b08, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x192b0819, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x192b1908, 0x08190819),
+    uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x2b08082b, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x2b081919, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x2b082b08, 0x08190819),
+    uvec2(0x2b190819, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x2b191908, 0x08190819), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x0819082b), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x0819082b),
+    uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x0819082b), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x0819082b), uvec2(0x08191919, 0x0819082b), uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x0819082b),
+    uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x0819082b), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x0819082b), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x0819082b), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x0819082b),
+    uvec2(0x19191908, 0x0819082b), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x0819082b), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x0819082b), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x0819082b),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x08191908),
+    uvec2(0x08190819, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x0819192b, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x08192b19, 0x08191908),
+    uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x082b1919, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x082b2b08, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x08191908),
+    uvec2(0x19081908, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x1908192b, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x19082b19, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x08191908),
+    uvec2(0x1919082b, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x19191919, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x19192b08, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x192b0819, 0x08191908),
+    uvec2(0x192b1908, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x2b08082b, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x2b081919, 0x08191908),
+    uvec2(0x2b082b08, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x2b190819, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x2b191908, 0x08191908), uvec2(0x2b2b0808, 0x08191908),
+    uvec2(0x08080819, 0x08191919), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x08191919), uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x08191919), uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x08191919),
+    uvec2(0x08190808, 0x08191919), uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x08191919), uvec2(0x08191919, 0x08191919), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x08191919),
+    uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x08191919), uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x08191919), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x08191919), uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x08191919),
+    uvec2(0x19081919, 0x08191919), uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x08191919), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x08191919), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x08191919),
+    uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x08191919), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x08191919), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x08191919), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x08191919),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x0819192b), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x0819192b), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x0819192b), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x0819192b),
+    uvec2(0x08191908, 0x0819192b), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x0819192b), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x0819192b), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x0819192b),
+    uvec2(0x19190808, 0x0819192b), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x0819192b), uvec2(0x2b2b2b2b, 0x0819192b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x08192b08),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x08192b08), uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x08192b08), uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x08192b08), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x08192b08),
+    uvec2(0x08191919, 0x08192b08), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x08192b08), uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x08192b08), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x08192b08),
+    uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x08192b08), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x08192b08), uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x08192b08), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x08192b08),
+    uvec2(0x19191908, 0x08192b08), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x08192b08), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x08192b08), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x08192b08),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x08192b19), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x08192b19), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x08192b19), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x08192b19),
+    uvec2(0x08190819, 0x08192b19), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x08192b19), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x08192b19), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x08192b19),
+    uvec2(0x19081908, 0x08192b19), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x08192b19), uvec2(0x192b2b19, 0x08192b19), uvec2(0x2b2b082b, 0x08192b19),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x08192b2b), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x08192b2b), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x08192b2b), uvec2(0x1919192b, 0x08192b2b),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x082b0808),
+    uvec2(0x08190819, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x0819192b, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x08192b19, 0x082b0808),
+    uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x082b1919, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x082b2b2b, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x082b0808),
+    uvec2(0x19081908, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x1919082b, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x19191919, 0x082b0808),
+    uvec2(0x192b1908, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x2b082b2b, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x2b191908, 0x082b0808),
+    uvec2(0x2b2b2b2b, 0x082b0808), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x082b0819), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x082b0819), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x082b0819),
+    uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x082b0819), uvec2(0x08191919, 0x082b0819), uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x082b0819), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x082b0819),
+    uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x082b0819), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x082b0819), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x082b0819), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x082b0819),
+    uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x082b0819), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x082b0819), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x082b0819), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x082b0819),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x082b082b), uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x082b082b), uvec2(0x082b082b, 0x082b082b), uvec2(0x082b2b08, 0x082b082b),
+    uvec2(0x082b2b2b, 0x082b082b), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x082b082b), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x082b082b), uvec2(0x2b082b08, 0x082b082b),
+    uvec2(0x2b082b2b, 0x082b082b), uvec2(0x2b2b2b08, 0x082b082b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x082b1908),
+    uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x08191919, 0x082b1908),
+    uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x082b1908),
+    uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x082b1908),
+    uvec2(0x19191908, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x082b1908),
+    uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x082b1908), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x082b1919), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x082b1919), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x082b1919),
+    uvec2(0x08190819, 0x082b1919), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x082b1919), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x082b1919), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x082b1919),
+    uvec2(0x19081908, 0x082b1919), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x082b1919), uvec2(0x192b192b, 0x082b1919), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x082b1919),
+    uvec2(0x08080819, 0x082b192b), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x082b192b), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x082b192b), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x082b192b),
+    uvec2(0x19192b19, 0x082b192b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x082b2b08), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x082b2b08), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x082b2b08),
+    uvec2(0x08191908, 0x082b2b08), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x082b2b08), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x082b2b08), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x082b2b08),
+    uvec2(0x2b082b2b, 0x082b2b08), uvec2(0x2b2b2b2b, 0x082b2b08), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x082b2b19), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x082b2b19),
+    uvec2(0x08190808, 0x082b2b19), uvec2(0x2b191919, 0x082b2b19), uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x082b2b2b), uvec2(0x082b082b, 0x082b2b2b),
+    uvec2(0x192b1908, 0x082b2b2b), uvec2(0x2b082b08, 0x082b2b2b), uvec2(0x2b082b2b, 0x082b2b2b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x19080808),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x19080808),
+    uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x08191919, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x08192b2b, 0x19080808),
+    uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x082b192b, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x19080808),
+    uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x19082b2b, 0x19080808),
+    uvec2(0x19190819, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x1919192b, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x19192b19, 0x19080808),
+    uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x192b082b, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x192b1919, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x19080808),
+    uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x2b191919, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x2b192b08, 0x19080808),
+    uvec2(0x2b2b0819, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x2b2b1908, 0x19080808), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x19080819),
+    uvec2(0x08081919, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x19080819),
+    uvec2(0x0819192b, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x08192b19, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x082b082b, 0x19080819),
+    uvec2(0x082b1919, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x1908192b, 0x19080819),
+    uvec2(0x19082b19, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x1919082b, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x19191919, 0x19080819),
+    uvec2(0x19192b08, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x192b0819, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x192b1908, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x19080819),
+    uvec2(0x2b08082b, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x2b081919, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x2b082b08, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x2b190819, 0x19080819),
+    uvec2(0x2b191908, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x2b2b0808, 0x19080819), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x1908082b), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x1908082b),
+    uvec2(0x08190808, 0x1908082b), uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x1908082b), uvec2(0x08191919, 0x1908082b), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x1908082b),
+    uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x1908082b), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x1908082b), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x1908082b), uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x1908082b),
+    uvec2(0x19190819, 0x1908082b), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x1908082b), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x1908082b), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x1908082b),
+    uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x1908082b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x19081908),
+    uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x19081908),
+    uvec2(0x0819192b, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x08192b19, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x082b082b, 0x19081908),
+    uvec2(0x082b1919, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x082b2b08, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x19081908),
+    uvec2(0x1908192b, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x19082b19, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x1919082b, 0x19081908),
+    uvec2(0x19191919, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x19192b08, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x192b0819, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x192b1908, 0x19081908),
+    uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x2b08082b, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x2b081919, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x2b082b08, 0x19081908),
+    uvec2(0x2b190819, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x2b191908, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x2b2b0808, 0x19081908), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x19081919),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x19081919),
+    uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x08191919, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x19081919),
+    uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x19081919),
+    uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x19081919),
+    uvec2(0x192b2b2b, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x19081919), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x19081919),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x1908192b), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x1908192b), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x1908192b), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x1908192b),
+    uvec2(0x08190819, 0x1908192b), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x1908192b), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x1908192b), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x1908192b),
+    uvec2(0x19081908, 0x1908192b), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x1908192b), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x1908192b), uvec2(0x2b2b1919, 0x1908192b),
+    uvec2(0x08080819, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x19082b08),
+    uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x08191919, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x19082b08),
+    uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x19082b08),
+    uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x19082b08),
+    uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x19082b08), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x19082b19), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x19082b19),
+    uvec2(0x08081919, 0x19082b19), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x19082b19), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x19082b19), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x19082b19),
+    uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x19082b19), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x19082b19), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x19082b19), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x19082b19),
+    uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x19082b19), uvec2(0x2b19192b, 0x19082b19), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x19082b2b), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x19082b2b),
+    uvec2(0x08190808, 0x19082b2b), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x19082b2b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x19190808),
+    uvec2(0x08081919, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x19190808),
+    uvec2(0x0819192b, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x08192b19, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x082b082b, 0x19190808),
+    uvec2(0x082b1919, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x082b2b08, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x19190808),
+    uvec2(0x1908192b, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x19082b19, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x1919082b, 0x19190808),
+    uvec2(0x19191919, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x19192b08, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x192b0819, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x192b1908, 0x19190808),
+    uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x2b08082b, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x2b081919, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x2b082b08, 0x19190808),
+    uvec2(0x2b190819, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x2b191908, 0x19190808), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x19190819),
+    uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x19190819),
+    uvec2(0x08191919, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x19190819),
+    uvec2(0x19080808, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x19190819),
+    uvec2(0x19190819, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x19190819),
+    uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x19190819), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x1919082b), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x1919082b),
+    uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x1919082b), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x1919082b), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x1919082b), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x1919082b),
+    uvec2(0x19080819, 0x1919082b), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x1919082b), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x1919082b), uvec2(0x192b2b19, 0x1919082b),
+    uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x1919082b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x19191908),
+    uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x08191919, 0x19191908),
+    uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x19191908),
+    uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x19191908),
+    uvec2(0x19191908, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x19191908),
+    uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x19191908), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x19191919), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x19191919), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x19191919),
+    uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x19191919), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x19191919), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x19191919), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x19191919),
+    uvec2(0x19080819, 0x19191919), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x19191919), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x19191919), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x19191919),
+    uvec2(0x08080819, 0x1919192b), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x1919192b), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x1919192b), uvec2(0x082b192b, 0x1919192b),
+    uvec2(0x19080808, 0x1919192b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x19192b08), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x19192b08), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x19192b08),
+    uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x19192b08), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x19192b08), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x19192b08), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x19192b08),
+    uvec2(0x19080819, 0x19192b08), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x19192b08), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x19192b08), uvec2(0x19192b2b, 0x19192b08),
+    uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x19192b08), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x19192b19), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x19192b19), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x19192b19),
+    uvec2(0x19080808, 0x19192b19), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x19192b2b), uvec2(0x08192b19, 0x19192b2b), uvec2(0x2b081919, 0x19192b2b),
+    uvec2(0x2b2b2b08, 0x19192b2b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x192b0808),
+    uvec2(0x08190808, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x08191919, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x192b0808),
+    uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x192b0808),
+    uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x192b0808),
+    uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x192b0808), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x192b0819), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x192b0819),
+    uvec2(0x08081919, 0x192b0819), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x192b0819), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x192b0819), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x192b0819),
+    uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x192b0819), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x192b0819), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x192b0819), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x192b0819),
+    uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x192b0819), uvec2(0x2b192b19, 0x192b0819), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x192b082b), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x192b082b),
+    uvec2(0x19080808, 0x192b082b), uvec2(0x1919192b, 0x192b082b), uvec2(0x2b2b0819, 0x192b082b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x192b1908),
+    uvec2(0x08081919, 0x192b1908), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x192b1908), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x192b1908), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x192b1908),
+    uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x192b1908), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x192b1908), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x192b1908), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x192b1908),
+    uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x192b1908), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x192b1919), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x192b1919), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x192b1919),
+    uvec2(0x19080808, 0x192b1919), uvec2(0x19082b2b, 0x192b1919), uvec2(0x192b2b08, 0x192b1919), uvec2(0x2b19082b, 0x192b1919),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x192b192b), uvec2(0x2b191908, 0x192b192b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x192b2b08), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x192b2b08),
+    uvec2(0x08190808, 0x192b2b08), uvec2(0x192b1919, 0x192b2b08), uvec2(0x2b192b08, 0x192b2b08), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x192b2b19),
+    uvec2(0x082b2b2b, 0x192b2b19), uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x192b2b2b), uvec2(0x2b2b0819, 0x192b2b2b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b080808),
+    uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x2b080808),
+    uvec2(0x08191908, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x08192b19, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x082b1919, 0x2b080808),
+    uvec2(0x19080819, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x1919082b, 0x2b080808),
+    uvec2(0x19191919, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x19192b08, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x192b0819, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x2b080808),
+    uvec2(0x2b081919, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x2b190819, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x2b191908, 0x2b080808), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x2b080819),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x2b080819),
+    uvec2(0x08191919, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x2b080819),
+    uvec2(0x19080808, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x2b080819),
+    uvec2(0x19190819, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x2b080819),
+    uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x2b2b2b19, 0x2b080819), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b08082b), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x2b08082b),
+    uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x2b08082b), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x2b08082b), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x2b08082b), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x2b08082b),
+    uvec2(0x19081908, 0x2b08082b), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x2b08082b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x2b081908),
+    uvec2(0x0808192b, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x2b081908),
+    uvec2(0x08191919, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x082b0819, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x2b081908),
+    uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x2b081908),
+    uvec2(0x19191908, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x2b081908),
+    uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x2b081908), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b081919), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x2b081919), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x2b081919),
+    uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x2b081919), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x2b081919), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x2b081919), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x2b081919),
+    uvec2(0x19080819, 0x2b081919), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x2b081919), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x2b081919), uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x2b081919),
+    uvec2(0x2b082b2b, 0x2b081919), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x2b08192b), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x2b08192b), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x2b08192b),
+    uvec2(0x082b2b19, 0x2b08192b), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x2b08192b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b082b08), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x2b082b08),
+    uvec2(0x08190819, 0x2b082b08), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x2b082b08), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x2b082b08), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x2b082b08),
+    uvec2(0x19190808, 0x2b082b08), uvec2(0x2b2b082b, 0x2b082b08), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x2b082b19), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x2b082b19),
+    uvec2(0x19080808, 0x2b082b19), uvec2(0x192b1919, 0x2b082b19), uvec2(0x082b082b, 0x2b082b2b), uvec2(0x19192b08, 0x2b082b2b),
+    uvec2(0x19192b2b, 0x2b082b2b), uvec2(0x2b08082b, 0x2b082b2b), uvec2(0x2b2b082b, 0x2b082b2b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x2b190808),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x08082b19, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x0819082b, 0x2b190808),
+    uvec2(0x08191919, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x08192b08, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x082b1908, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x2b190808),
+    uvec2(0x1908082b, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x19081919, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x19082b08, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x2b190808),
+    uvec2(0x19191908, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x192b0808, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x2b080819, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x2b081908, 0x2b190808),
+    uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x2b190808), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b190819), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x2b190819), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x2b190819),
+    uvec2(0x08191908, 0x2b190819), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x2b190819), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x2b190819), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x2b190819),
+    uvec2(0x19192b2b, 0x2b190819), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x2b19082b), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x2b19082b), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x2b19082b),
+    uvec2(0x19080808, 0x2b19082b), uvec2(0x2b2b192b, 0x2b19082b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b191908), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x2b191908),
+    uvec2(0x08081919, 0x2b191908), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x2b191908), uvec2(0x08190819, 0x2b191908), uvec2(0x08191908, 0x2b191908),
+    uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x2b191908), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x2b191908), uvec2(0x19081908, 0x2b191908), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x2b191908),
+    uvec2(0x2b080808, 0x2b191908), uvec2(0x2b19192b, 0x2b191908), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x2b191919), uvec2(0x08081908, 0x2b191919),
+    uvec2(0x08190808, 0x2b191919), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x2b191919), uvec2(0x2b192b08, 0x2b191919), uvec2(0x2b2b0819, 0x2b191919),
+    uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b19192b), uvec2(0x1908192b, 0x2b19192b), uvec2(0x192b1908, 0x2b19192b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x2b192b08),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x2b192b08), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x2b192b08), uvec2(0x082b192b, 0x2b192b08), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x2b192b08),
+    uvec2(0x2b2b2b19, 0x2b192b08), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b192b19), uvec2(0x19082b19, 0x2b192b19), uvec2(0x1919082b, 0x2b192b19),
+    uvec2(0x2b190808, 0x2b192b2b), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b2b0808), uvec2(0x08081919, 0x2b2b0808), uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x2b2b0808),
+    uvec2(0x08191908, 0x2b2b0808), uvec2(0x082b082b, 0x2b2b0808), uvec2(0x082b2b2b, 0x2b2b0808), uvec2(0x19080819, 0x2b2b0808),
+    uvec2(0x19081908, 0x2b2b0808), uvec2(0x19190808, 0x2b2b0808), uvec2(0x2b2b082b, 0x2b2b0808), uvec2(0x2b2b2b2b, 0x2b2b0808),
+    uvec2(0x19080808, 0x2b2b0819), uvec2(0x192b1919, 0x2b2b0819), uvec2(0x0808082b, 0x2b2b082b), uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x2b2b082b),
+    uvec2(0x082b082b, 0x2b2b082b), uvec2(0x082b2b08, 0x2b2b082b), uvec2(0x082b2b2b, 0x2b2b082b), uvec2(0x2b08082b, 0x2b2b082b),
+    uvec2(0x2b082b08, 0x2b2b082b), uvec2(0x2b082b2b, 0x2b2b082b), uvec2(0x2b2b2b08, 0x2b2b082b), uvec2(0x08080819, 0x2b2b1908),
+    uvec2(0x08081908, 0x2b2b1908), uvec2(0x08190808, 0x2b2b1908), uvec2(0x19080808, 0x2b2b1908), uvec2(0x2b082b19, 0x2b2b1908),
+    uvec2(0x2b2b1908, 0x2b2b1908), uvec2(0x08080808, 0x2b2b1919), uvec2(0x08192b19, 0x2b2b1919), uvec2(0x19190819, 0x2b2b192b),
+    uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x2b2b2b08), uvec2(0x082b2b08, 0x2b2b2b08), uvec2(0x2b2b082b, 0x2b2b2b08), uvec2(0x19191908, 0x2b2b2b19),
+    uvec2(0x2b08192b, 0x2b2b2b19), uvec2(0x08082b08, 0x2b2b2b2b), uvec2(0x08082b2b, 0x2b2b2b2b), uvec2(0x082b0808, 0x2b2b2b2b),
+    uvec2(0x082b082b, 0x2b2b2b2b), uvec2(0x082b2b08, 0x2b2b2b2b), uvec2(0x2b082b08, 0x2b2b2b2b), uvec2(0x2b2b2b2b, 0x2b2b2b2b)
+};
+
+shared uvec2 iq2s_grid[1024];
+
+void init_iq_shmem(uvec3 wgsize)
+{
+    // copy the table into shared memory and sync
+    for (uint i = gl_LocalInvocationIndex.x; i < iq2s_grid.length(); i += wgsize.x) {
+        iq2s_grid[i] = iq2s_grid_const[i];
+    }
+    barrier();
+}
+
+#define QUANT_K QUANT_K_IQ2_S
+#define QUANT_R QUANT_R_IQ2_S
+#define A_TYPE block_iq2_s
+#endif
+
+#define QUANT_K_IQ3_XXS 256
+#define QUANT_R_IQ3_XXS 1
+
+struct block_iq3_xxs
+{
+    float16_t d;
+    uint8_t qs[QUANT_K_IQ3_XXS/4 + QUANT_K_IQ3_XXS/8];
+};
+
+struct block_iq3_xxs_packed16
+{
+    float16_t d;
+    uint16_t qs[QUANT_K_IQ3_XXS/8 + QUANT_K_IQ3_XXS/16];
+};
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ3_XXS)
+
+const uint32_t iq3xxs_grid_const[256] = {
+    0x04040404, 0x04040414, 0x04040424, 0x04040c0c, 0x04040c1c, 0x04040c3e, 0x04041404, 0x04041414,
+    0x04041c0c, 0x04042414, 0x04043e1c, 0x04043e2c, 0x040c040c, 0x040c041c, 0x040c0c04, 0x040c0c14,
+    0x040c140c, 0x040c142c, 0x040c1c04, 0x040c1c14, 0x040c240c, 0x040c2c24, 0x040c3e04, 0x04140404,
+    0x04140414, 0x04140424, 0x04140c0c, 0x04141404, 0x04141414, 0x04141c0c, 0x04141c1c, 0x04141c3e,
+    0x04142c0c, 0x04142c3e, 0x04143e2c, 0x041c040c, 0x041c043e, 0x041c0c04, 0x041c0c14, 0x041c142c,
+    0x041c3e04, 0x04240c1c, 0x04241c3e, 0x04242424, 0x04242c3e, 0x04243e1c, 0x04243e2c, 0x042c040c,
+    0x042c043e, 0x042c1c14, 0x042c2c14, 0x04341c2c, 0x04343424, 0x043e0c04, 0x043e0c24, 0x043e0c34,
+    0x043e241c, 0x043e340c, 0x0c04040c, 0x0c04041c, 0x0c040c04, 0x0c040c14, 0x0c04140c, 0x0c04141c,
+    0x0c041c04, 0x0c041c14, 0x0c041c24, 0x0c04243e, 0x0c042c04, 0x0c0c0404, 0x0c0c0414, 0x0c0c0c0c,
+    0x0c0c1404, 0x0c0c1414, 0x0c14040c, 0x0c14041c, 0x0c140c04, 0x0c140c14, 0x0c14140c, 0x0c141c04,
+    0x0c143e14, 0x0c1c0404, 0x0c1c0414, 0x0c1c1404, 0x0c1c1c0c, 0x0c1c2434, 0x0c1c3434, 0x0c24040c,
+    0x0c24042c, 0x0c242c04, 0x0c2c1404, 0x0c2c1424, 0x0c2c2434, 0x0c2c3e0c, 0x0c34042c, 0x0c3e1414,
+    0x0c3e2404, 0x14040404, 0x14040414, 0x14040c0c, 0x14040c1c, 0x14041404, 0x14041414, 0x14041434,
+    0x14041c0c, 0x14042414, 0x140c040c, 0x140c041c, 0x140c042c, 0x140c0c04, 0x140c0c14, 0x140c140c,
+    0x140c1c04, 0x140c341c, 0x140c343e, 0x140c3e04, 0x14140404, 0x14140414, 0x14140c0c, 0x14140c3e,
+    0x14141404, 0x14141414, 0x14141c3e, 0x14142404, 0x14142c2c, 0x141c040c, 0x141c0c04, 0x141c0c24,
+    0x141c3e04, 0x141c3e24, 0x14241c2c, 0x14242c1c, 0x142c041c, 0x142c143e, 0x142c240c, 0x142c3e24,
+    0x143e040c, 0x143e041c, 0x143e0c34, 0x143e242c, 0x1c04040c, 0x1c040c04, 0x1c040c14, 0x1c04140c,
+    0x1c04141c, 0x1c042c04, 0x1c04342c, 0x1c043e14, 0x1c0c0404, 0x1c0c0414, 0x1c0c1404, 0x1c0c1c0c,
+    0x1c0c2424, 0x1c0c2434, 0x1c14040c, 0x1c14041c, 0x1c140c04, 0x1c14142c, 0x1c142c14, 0x1c143e14,
+    0x1c1c0c0c, 0x1c1c1c1c, 0x1c241c04, 0x1c24243e, 0x1c243e14, 0x1c2c0404, 0x1c2c0434, 0x1c2c1414,
+    0x1c2c2c2c, 0x1c340c24, 0x1c341c34, 0x1c34341c, 0x1c3e1c1c, 0x1c3e3404, 0x24040424, 0x24040c3e,
+    0x24041c2c, 0x24041c3e, 0x24042c1c, 0x24042c3e, 0x240c3e24, 0x24141404, 0x24141c3e, 0x24142404,
+    0x24143404, 0x24143434, 0x241c043e, 0x241c242c, 0x24240424, 0x24242c0c, 0x24243424, 0x242c142c,
+    0x242c241c, 0x242c3e04, 0x243e042c, 0x243e0c04, 0x243e0c14, 0x243e1c04, 0x2c040c14, 0x2c04240c,
+    0x2c043e04, 0x2c0c0404, 0x2c0c0434, 0x2c0c1434, 0x2c0c2c2c, 0x2c140c24, 0x2c141c14, 0x2c143e14,
+    0x2c1c0414, 0x2c1c2c1c, 0x2c240c04, 0x2c24141c, 0x2c24143e, 0x2c243e14, 0x2c2c0414, 0x2c2c1c0c,
+    0x2c342c04, 0x2c3e1424, 0x2c3e2414, 0x34041424, 0x34042424, 0x34042434, 0x34043424, 0x340c140c,
+    0x340c340c, 0x34140c3e, 0x34143424, 0x341c1c04, 0x341c1c34, 0x34242424, 0x342c042c, 0x342c2c14,
+    0x34341c1c, 0x343e041c, 0x343e140c, 0x3e04041c, 0x3e04042c, 0x3e04043e, 0x3e040c04, 0x3e041c14,
+    0x3e042c14, 0x3e0c1434, 0x3e0c2404, 0x3e140c14, 0x3e14242c, 0x3e142c14, 0x3e1c0404, 0x3e1c0c2c,
+    0x3e1c1c1c, 0x3e1c3404, 0x3e24140c, 0x3e24240c, 0x3e2c0404, 0x3e2c0414, 0x3e2c1424, 0x3e341c04,
+};
+
+shared uint32_t iq3xxs_grid[256];
+
+void init_iq_shmem(uvec3 wgsize)
+{
+    // copy the table into shared memory and sync
+    for (uint i = gl_LocalInvocationIndex.x; i < iq3xxs_grid.length(); i += wgsize.x) {
+        iq3xxs_grid[i] = iq3xxs_grid_const[i];
+    }
+    barrier();
+}
+
+#define QUANT_K QUANT_K_IQ3_XXS
+#define QUANT_R QUANT_R_IQ3_XXS
+#define A_TYPE block_iq3_xxs
+#define A_TYPE_PACKED16 block_iq3_xxs_packed16
+#endif
+
+#define QUANT_K_IQ3_S 256
+#define QUANT_R_IQ3_S 1
+
+struct block_iq3_s
+{
+    float16_t d;
+    uint8_t qs[QUANT_K_IQ3_S/4];
+    uint8_t qh[QUANT_K_IQ3_S/32];
+    uint8_t signs[QUANT_K_IQ3_S/8];
+    uint8_t scales[QUANT_K_IQ3_S/64];
+};
+
+struct block_iq3_s_packed16
+{
+    float16_t d;
+    uint16_t qs[QUANT_K_IQ3_S/4/2];
+    uint16_t qh[QUANT_K_IQ3_S/32/2];
+    uint16_t signs[QUANT_K_IQ3_S/8/2];
+    uint16_t scales[QUANT_K_IQ3_S/64/2];
+};
+
+#if defined(DATA_A_IQ3_S)
+
+const uint32_t iq3s_grid_const[512] = {
+    0x01010101, 0x01010103, 0x01010105, 0x0101010b, 0x0101010f, 0x01010301, 0x01010303, 0x01010305,
+    0x01010309, 0x0101030d, 0x01010501, 0x01010503, 0x0101050b, 0x01010707, 0x01010901, 0x01010905,
+    0x0101090b, 0x0101090f, 0x01010b03, 0x01010b07, 0x01010d01, 0x01010d05, 0x01010f03, 0x01010f09,
+    0x01010f0f, 0x01030101, 0x01030103, 0x01030105, 0x01030109, 0x01030301, 0x01030303, 0x0103030b,
+    0x01030501, 0x01030507, 0x0103050f, 0x01030703, 0x0103070b, 0x01030909, 0x01030d03, 0x01030d0b,
+    0x01030f05, 0x01050101, 0x01050103, 0x0105010b, 0x0105010f, 0x01050301, 0x01050307, 0x0105030d,
+    0x01050503, 0x0105050b, 0x01050701, 0x01050709, 0x01050905, 0x0105090b, 0x0105090f, 0x01050b03,
+    0x01050b07, 0x01050f01, 0x01050f07, 0x01070107, 0x01070303, 0x0107030b, 0x01070501, 0x01070505,
+    0x01070703, 0x01070707, 0x0107070d, 0x01070909, 0x01070b01, 0x01070b05, 0x01070d0f, 0x01070f03,
+    0x01070f0b, 0x01090101, 0x01090307, 0x0109030f, 0x01090503, 0x01090509, 0x01090705, 0x01090901,
+    0x01090907, 0x01090b03, 0x01090f01, 0x010b0105, 0x010b0109, 0x010b0501, 0x010b0505, 0x010b050d,
+    0x010b0707, 0x010b0903, 0x010b090b, 0x010b090f, 0x010b0d0d, 0x010b0f07, 0x010d010d, 0x010d0303,
+    0x010d0307, 0x010d0703, 0x010d0b05, 0x010d0f03, 0x010f0101, 0x010f0105, 0x010f0109, 0x010f0501,
+    0x010f0505, 0x010f050d, 0x010f0707, 0x010f0b01, 0x010f0b09, 0x03010101, 0x03010103, 0x03010105,
+    0x03010109, 0x03010301, 0x03010303, 0x03010307, 0x0301030b, 0x0301030f, 0x03010501, 0x03010505,
+    0x03010703, 0x03010709, 0x0301070d, 0x03010b09, 0x03010b0d, 0x03010d03, 0x03010f05, 0x03030101,
+    0x03030103, 0x03030107, 0x0303010d, 0x03030301, 0x03030309, 0x03030503, 0x03030701, 0x03030707,
+    0x03030903, 0x03030b01, 0x03030b05, 0x03030f01, 0x03030f0d, 0x03050101, 0x03050305, 0x0305030b,
+    0x0305030f, 0x03050501, 0x03050509, 0x03050705, 0x03050901, 0x03050907, 0x03050b0b, 0x03050d01,
+    0x03050f05, 0x03070103, 0x03070109, 0x0307010f, 0x03070301, 0x03070307, 0x03070503, 0x0307050f,
+    0x03070701, 0x03070709, 0x03070903, 0x03070d05, 0x03070f01, 0x03090107, 0x0309010b, 0x03090305,
+    0x03090309, 0x03090703, 0x03090707, 0x03090905, 0x0309090d, 0x03090b01, 0x03090b09, 0x030b0103,
+    0x030b0301, 0x030b0307, 0x030b0503, 0x030b0701, 0x030b0705, 0x030b0b03, 0x030d0501, 0x030d0509,
+    0x030d050f, 0x030d0909, 0x030d090d, 0x030f0103, 0x030f0107, 0x030f0301, 0x030f0305, 0x030f0503,
+    0x030f070b, 0x030f0903, 0x030f0d05, 0x030f0f01, 0x05010101, 0x05010103, 0x05010107, 0x0501010b,
+    0x0501010f, 0x05010301, 0x05010305, 0x05010309, 0x0501030d, 0x05010503, 0x05010507, 0x0501050f,
+    0x05010701, 0x05010705, 0x05010903, 0x05010907, 0x0501090b, 0x05010b01, 0x05010b05, 0x05010d0f,
+    0x05010f01, 0x05010f07, 0x05010f0b, 0x05030101, 0x05030105, 0x05030301, 0x05030307, 0x0503030f,
+    0x05030505, 0x0503050b, 0x05030703, 0x05030709, 0x05030905, 0x05030b03, 0x05050103, 0x05050109,
+    0x0505010f, 0x05050503, 0x05050507, 0x05050701, 0x0505070f, 0x05050903, 0x05050b07, 0x05050b0f,
+    0x05050f03, 0x05050f09, 0x05070101, 0x05070105, 0x0507010b, 0x05070303, 0x05070505, 0x05070509,
+    0x05070703, 0x05070707, 0x05070905, 0x05070b01, 0x05070d0d, 0x05090103, 0x0509010f, 0x05090501,
+    0x05090507, 0x05090705, 0x0509070b, 0x05090903, 0x05090f05, 0x05090f0b, 0x050b0109, 0x050b0303,
+    0x050b0505, 0x050b070f, 0x050b0901, 0x050b0b07, 0x050b0f01, 0x050d0101, 0x050d0105, 0x050d010f,
+    0x050d0503, 0x050d0b0b, 0x050d0d03, 0x050f010b, 0x050f0303, 0x050f050d, 0x050f0701, 0x050f0907,
+    0x050f0b01, 0x07010105, 0x07010303, 0x07010307, 0x0701030b, 0x0701030f, 0x07010505, 0x07010703,
+    0x07010707, 0x0701070b, 0x07010905, 0x07010909, 0x0701090f, 0x07010b03, 0x07010d07, 0x07010f03,
+    0x07030103, 0x07030107, 0x0703010b, 0x07030309, 0x07030503, 0x07030507, 0x07030901, 0x07030d01,
+    0x07030f05, 0x07030f0d, 0x07050101, 0x07050305, 0x07050501, 0x07050705, 0x07050709, 0x07050b01,
+    0x07070103, 0x07070301, 0x07070309, 0x07070503, 0x07070507, 0x0707050f, 0x07070701, 0x07070903,
+    0x07070907, 0x0707090f, 0x07070b0b, 0x07070f07, 0x07090107, 0x07090303, 0x0709030d, 0x07090505,
+    0x07090703, 0x07090b05, 0x07090d01, 0x07090d09, 0x070b0103, 0x070b0301, 0x070b0305, 0x070b050b,
+    0x070b0705, 0x070b0909, 0x070b0b0d, 0x070b0f07, 0x070d030d, 0x070d0903, 0x070f0103, 0x070f0107,
+    0x070f0501, 0x070f0505, 0x070f070b, 0x09010101, 0x09010109, 0x09010305, 0x09010501, 0x09010509,
+    0x0901050f, 0x09010705, 0x09010903, 0x09010b01, 0x09010f01, 0x09030105, 0x0903010f, 0x09030303,
+    0x09030307, 0x09030505, 0x09030701, 0x0903070b, 0x09030907, 0x09030b03, 0x09030b0b, 0x09050103,
+    0x09050107, 0x09050301, 0x0905030b, 0x09050503, 0x09050707, 0x09050901, 0x09050b0f, 0x09050d05,
+    0x09050f01, 0x09070109, 0x09070303, 0x09070307, 0x09070501, 0x09070505, 0x09070703, 0x0907070b,
+    0x09090101, 0x09090105, 0x09090509, 0x0909070f, 0x09090901, 0x09090f03, 0x090b010b, 0x090b010f,
+    0x090b0503, 0x090b0d05, 0x090d0307, 0x090d0709, 0x090d0d01, 0x090f0301, 0x090f030b, 0x090f0701,
+    0x090f0907, 0x090f0b03, 0x0b010105, 0x0b010301, 0x0b010309, 0x0b010505, 0x0b010901, 0x0b010909,
+    0x0b01090f, 0x0b010b05, 0x0b010d0d, 0x0b010f09, 0x0b030103, 0x0b030107, 0x0b03010b, 0x0b030305,
+    0x0b030503, 0x0b030705, 0x0b030f05, 0x0b050101, 0x0b050303, 0x0b050507, 0x0b050701, 0x0b05070d,
+    0x0b050b07, 0x0b070105, 0x0b07010f, 0x0b070301, 0x0b07050f, 0x0b070909, 0x0b070b03, 0x0b070d0b,
+    0x0b070f07, 0x0b090103, 0x0b090109, 0x0b090501, 0x0b090705, 0x0b09090d, 0x0b0b0305, 0x0b0b050d,
+    0x0b0b0b03, 0x0b0b0b07, 0x0b0d0905, 0x0b0f0105, 0x0b0f0109, 0x0b0f0505, 0x0d010303, 0x0d010307,
+    0x0d01030b, 0x0d010703, 0x0d010707, 0x0d010d01, 0x0d030101, 0x0d030501, 0x0d03050f, 0x0d030d09,
+    0x0d050305, 0x0d050709, 0x0d050905, 0x0d050b0b, 0x0d050d05, 0x0d050f01, 0x0d070101, 0x0d070309,
+    0x0d070503, 0x0d070901, 0x0d09050b, 0x0d090907, 0x0d090d05, 0x0d0b0101, 0x0d0b0107, 0x0d0b0709,
+    0x0d0b0d01, 0x0d0d010b, 0x0d0d0901, 0x0d0f0303, 0x0d0f0307, 0x0f010101, 0x0f010109, 0x0f01010f,
+    0x0f010501, 0x0f010505, 0x0f01070d, 0x0f010901, 0x0f010b09, 0x0f010d05, 0x0f030105, 0x0f030303,
+    0x0f030509, 0x0f030907, 0x0f03090b, 0x0f050103, 0x0f050109, 0x0f050301, 0x0f05030d, 0x0f050503,
+    0x0f050701, 0x0f050b03, 0x0f070105, 0x0f070705, 0x0f07070b, 0x0f070b07, 0x0f090103, 0x0f09010b,
+    0x0f090307, 0x0f090501, 0x0f090b01, 0x0f0b0505, 0x0f0b0905, 0x0f0d0105, 0x0f0d0703, 0x0f0f0101,
+};
+
+shared uint32_t iq3s_grid[512];
+
+void init_iq_shmem(uvec3 wgsize)
+{
+    // copy the table into shared memory and sync
+    for (uint i = gl_LocalInvocationIndex.x; i < iq3s_grid.length(); i += wgsize.x) {
+        iq3s_grid[i] = iq3s_grid_const[i];
+    }
+    barrier();
+}
+
+#define QUANT_K QUANT_K_IQ3_S
+#define QUANT_R QUANT_R_IQ3_S
+#define A_TYPE block_iq3_s
+#define A_TYPE_PACKED16 block_iq3_s_packed16
+#endif
+
 #define QUANT_K_IQ4_NL 32
 #define QUANT_R_IQ4_NL 2
 
@@ -318,11 +1050,11 @@ const int8_t kvalues_iq4nl_const[16] = {
 
 shared FLOAT_TYPE kvalues_iq4nl[16];
 
-void init_iq4nl_shmem()
+void init_iq_shmem(uvec3 wgsize)
 {
     // copy the table into shared memory and sync
-    if (gl_LocalInvocationIndex.x < 16) {
-        kvalues_iq4nl[gl_LocalInvocationIndex.x] = FLOAT_TYPE(kvalues_iq4nl_const[gl_LocalInvocationIndex.x]);
+    for (uint i = gl_LocalInvocationIndex.x; i < kvalues_iq4nl.length(); i += wgsize.x) {
+        kvalues_iq4nl[i] = FLOAT_TYPE(kvalues_iq4nl_const[i]);
     }
     barrier();
 }
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/vulkan-shaders-gen.cpp b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/vulkan-shaders-gen.cpp
index b7890ef1e7..93ddbfadc5 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/vulkan-shaders-gen.cpp
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/vulkan-shaders/vulkan-shaders-gen.cpp
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cassert>
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
     #include <windows.h>
     #include <direct.h> // For _mkdir on Windows
-    #include <algorithm> // For std::replace on w64devkit
 #else
     #include <unistd.h>
     #include <sys/wait.h>
@@ -55,6 +55,11 @@ const std::vector<std::string> type_names = {
     "q4_k",
     "q5_k",
     "q6_k",
+    "iq2_xxs",
+    "iq2_xs",
+    "iq2_s",
+    "iq3_xxs",
+    "iq3_s",
     "iq4_nl"
 };
 
@@ -316,8 +321,11 @@ void matmul_shaders(bool fp16, bool matmul_id, bool coopmat, bool coopmat2, bool
         // For aligned matmul loads
         std::string load_vec_a = (coopmat2 || tname == "f32" || tname == "f16") ? load_vec : "2";
 
-        string_to_spv(shader_name + "_" + tname + "_f32", source_name, merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"LOAD_VEC_A", load_vec_a_unaligned}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_IS_FLOAT", "1"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
-        string_to_spv(shader_name + "_" + tname + "_f32_aligned", source_name, merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"LOAD_VEC_A", load_vec_a}, {"LOAD_VEC_B", load_vec}, {"B_TYPE", aligned_b_type_f32}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_IS_FLOAT", "1"}, {"ALIGNED", "1"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
+        // don't generate f32 variants for coopmat2
+        if (!coopmat2) {
+            string_to_spv(shader_name + "_" + tname + "_f32", source_name, merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"LOAD_VEC_A", load_vec_a_unaligned}, {"B_TYPE", "float"}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_IS_FLOAT", "1"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
+            string_to_spv(shader_name + "_" + tname + "_f32_aligned", source_name, merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"LOAD_VEC_A", load_vec_a}, {"LOAD_VEC_B", load_vec}, {"B_TYPE", aligned_b_type_f32}, {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_IS_FLOAT", "1"}, {"ALIGNED", "1"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
+        }
 
         if (tname != "f16" && tname != "f32") {
             string_to_spv(shader_name + "_" + tname + "_f16", source_name,          merge_maps(base_dict, {{data_a_key, "1"}, {"LOAD_VEC_A", load_vec_a_unaligned},                           {"B_TYPE", "float16_t"},        {"D_TYPE", "float"}, {"B_IS_FLOAT", "1"}}), fp16, coopmat, coopmat2, f16acc);
@@ -499,6 +507,7 @@ void write_output_files() {
     fprintf(hdr, "#include <cstdint>\n\n");
     fprintf(src, "#include \"%s\"\n\n", basename(target_hpp).c_str());
 
+    std::sort(shader_fnames.begin(), shader_fnames.end());
     for (const auto& pair : shader_fnames) {
         const std::string& name = pair.first;
         #ifdef _WIN32
diff --git a/ggml/src/ggml.c b/ggml/src/ggml.c
index b1d0d4913f..3b48615421 100644
--- a/ggml/src/ggml.c
+++ b/ggml/src/ggml.c
@@ -128,6 +128,10 @@ static void ggml_print_backtrace_symbols(void) {
 #endif
 
 static void ggml_print_backtrace(void) {
+    const char * GGML_NO_BACKTRACE = getenv("GGML_NO_BACKTRACE");
+    if (GGML_NO_BACKTRACE) {
+        return;
+    }
     char attach[32];
     snprintf(attach, sizeof(attach), "attach %d", getpid());
     int pid = fork();
@@ -5339,7 +5343,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_backward(
         } break;
         case GGML_OP_MUL: {
             if (src0_needs_grads) {
-                ggml_add_or_set(ctx, cgraph, isrc0, ggml_mul(ctx, src1, grad));
+                ggml_add_or_set(ctx, cgraph, isrc0, ggml_mul(ctx, grad, src1));
             }
             if (src1_needs_grads) {
                 struct ggml_tensor * tmp = ggml_mul(ctx, src0, grad);
@@ -5431,21 +5435,25 @@ static void ggml_compute_backward(
             // src1.shape   [n,p,qq,rr]
 
             if (src0_needs_grads) {
-                struct ggml_tensor * s1_tg =
+                GGML_ASSERT(grad->ne[2] == src1->ne[2]);
+                GGML_ASSERT(grad->ne[3] == src1->ne[3]);
+                struct ggml_tensor * tmp =
                     ggml_out_prod(ctx, // [n,m,qq,rr]
                         src1,          // [n,p,qq,rr]
                         grad);         // [m,p,qq,rr]
-                const int64_t qq = s1_tg->ne[2];
-                const int64_t rr = s1_tg->ne[3];
-                const int64_t q1 = src0->ne[2];
-                const int64_t r1 = src0->ne[3];
-                const bool ne2_broadcasted = qq > q1;
-                const bool ne3_broadcasted = rr > r1;
-                if (ne2_broadcasted || ne3_broadcasted) {
-                    // sum broadcast repetitions of s1_tg into shape of src0
-                    s1_tg = ggml_repeat_back(ctx, s1_tg, src0);
+                if (!ggml_are_same_shape(tmp, src0)) {
+                    GGML_ASSERT(tmp->ne[0] == src0->ne[0]);
+                    GGML_ASSERT(tmp->ne[1] == src0->ne[1]);
+                    GGML_ASSERT(tmp->ne[3] == 1);
+
+                    const int64_t nr2 = tmp->ne[2] / src0->ne[2];
+                    const size_t nb2 = tmp->nb[2] * nr2;
+                    const size_t nb3 = tmp->nb[2];
+
+                    tmp = ggml_view_4d(ctx, tmp, src0->ne[0], src0->ne[1], src0->ne[2], nr2, tmp->nb[1], nb2, nb3, 0);
+                    tmp = ggml_repeat_back(ctx, tmp, src0);
                 }
-                ggml_add_or_set(ctx, cgraph, isrc0, s1_tg /*= [n,m,q1,r1]*/);
+                ggml_add_or_set(ctx, cgraph, isrc0, tmp);
             }
             if (src1_needs_grads) {
                 ggml_add_or_set(ctx, cgraph, isrc1,
@@ -5514,7 +5522,9 @@ static void ggml_compute_backward(
             if (src0_needs_grads) {
                 GGML_ASSERT(!cgraph->grads[isrc0] || ggml_is_contiguous(cgraph->grads[isrc0]));
                 GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(grad));
-                ggml_add_or_set(ctx, cgraph, isrc0, grad);
+                GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nelements(tensor) == ggml_nelements(src0));
+                ggml_add_or_set(ctx, cgraph, isrc0,
+                    ggml_are_same_shape(tensor, src0) ? grad : ggml_reshape(ctx, grad, src0));
             }
         } break;
         case GGML_OP_RESHAPE: {
diff --git a/include/llama.h b/include/llama.h
index 298b8d1bc0..61907ed404 100644
--- a/include/llama.h
+++ b/include/llama.h
@@ -510,7 +510,8 @@ extern "C" {
     LLAMA_API uint64_t llama_model_size(const struct llama_model * model);
 
     // Get the default chat template. Returns nullptr if not available
-    LLAMA_API const char * llama_model_chat_template(const struct llama_model * model);
+    // If name is NULL, returns the default chat template
+    LLAMA_API const char * llama_model_chat_template(const struct llama_model * model, const char * name);
 
     // Returns the total number of parameters in the model
     LLAMA_API uint64_t llama_model_n_params(const struct llama_model * model);
@@ -1198,6 +1199,18 @@ extern "C" {
                           const char * grammar_str,
                           const char * grammar_root);
 
+    /// @details Lazy grammar sampler, introduced in https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/9639
+    /// @param trigger_words A list of words that will trigger the grammar sampler. This may be updated to a loose regex syntax (w/ ^) in a near future.
+    /// @param trigger_tokens A list of tokens that will trigger the grammar sampler.
+    LLAMA_API struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_grammar_lazy(
+            const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
+                          const char * grammar_str,
+                          const char * grammar_root,
+                         const char ** trigger_words,
+                                size_t num_trigger_words,
+                   const llama_token * trigger_tokens,
+                                size_t num_trigger_tokens);
+
     /// NOTE: Avoid using on the full vocabulary as searching for repeated tokens can become slow. For example, apply top-k or top-p sampling first.
     LLAMA_API struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_penalties(
                              int32_t   penalty_last_n,   // last n tokens to penalize (0 = disable penalty, -1 = context size)
diff --git a/models/ggml-vocab-deepseek-r1-qwen.gguf.inp b/models/ggml-vocab-deepseek-r1-qwen.gguf.inp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9baf7d77ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/ggml-vocab-deepseek-r1-qwen.gguf.inp
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+ied 4 ½ months
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+Führer
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+ 
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+  
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+   
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+	
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+
+
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+
+
+
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+
+
+
+
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+	
+
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+Hello world
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+ Hello world
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+Hello World
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+ Hello World
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+ Hello World!
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+Hello, world!
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+ Hello, world!
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+ this is 🦙.cpp
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+w048 7tuijk dsdfhu
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+нещо на Български
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+កាន់តែពិសេសអាចខលចេញ
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+🚀 (normal) 😶‍🌫️ (multiple emojis concatenated) ✅ (only emoji that has its own token)
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+Hello
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+ Hello
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+  Hello
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+   Hello
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+    Hello
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+    Hello
+    Hello
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+ (
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+
+ =
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+' era
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+Hello, y'all! How are you 😁 ?我想在apple工作1314151天～
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+!!!!!!
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+3
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+33
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+333
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+3333
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+33333
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+333333
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+3333333
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+33333333
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+333333333
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+Cửa Việt
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+ discards
+__ggml_vocab_test__
+
+ 
+
+ 
+
+
+ 	 		 	
+  
+   
+    
+     
+🚀 (normal) 😶‍🌫️ (multiple emojis concatenated) ✅ 🦙🦙 3 33 333 3333 33333 333333 3333333 33333333 3.3 3..3 3...3 កាន់តែពិសេសអាច😁 ?我想在apple工作1314151天～ ------======= нещо на Български ''''''```````""""......!!!!!!?????? I've been 'told he's there, 'RE you sure? 'M not sure I'll make it, 'D you like some tea? We'Ve a'lL
+__ggml_vocab_test__
diff --git a/models/ggml-vocab-deepseek-r1-qwen.gguf.out b/models/ggml-vocab-deepseek-r1-qwen.gguf.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..18b4b45cd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/ggml-vocab-deepseek-r1-qwen.gguf.out
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+ 1122 220 19 220 26062 3951
+ 37 50753 261
+
+ 220
+ 256
+ 262
+ 197
+ 198
+ 271
+ 1406
+ 1572
+ 9707 1879
+ 21927 1879
+ 9707 4337
+ 21927 4337
+ 21927 4337 0
+ 9707 11 1879 0
+ 21927 11 1879 0
+ 419 374 11162 99 247 13 10821
+ 86 15 19 23 220 22 83 1963 41808 11472 2940 16739
+ 78762 14144 1456 13073 63471 33594 3038 133178 79012
+ 146394 97529 241 44258 233 146568 44258 224 147603 20879 115 146280 44258 223 146280 147272 97529 227 147805 148301 147270 44258 223 146848
+ 145836 320 8252 8 26525 114 378 235 149921 30543 320 35673 99066 97534 8 25521 227 320 3243 42365 429 702 1181 1828 3950 8
+ 9707
+ 21927
+ 220 21927
+ 256 21927
+ 262 21927
+ 262 21927 198 262 21927
+ 320
+ 198 284
+ 6 11385
+ 9707 11 379 64848 0 2585 525 498 26525 223 937 104100 18493 22377 99257 16 18 16 19 16 20 16 35727 21216
+ 17085 2928
+ 18
+ 18 18
+ 18 18 18
+ 18 18 18 18
+ 18 18 18 18 18
+ 18 18 18 18 18 18
+ 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
+ 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
+ 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
+ 34 90063 128324
+ 2560 2347
+ 198 4710 14731 65497 7847 1572 2303 78672 10947 145836 320 8252 8 26525 114 378 235 149921 30543 320 35673 99066 97534 8 25521 227 11162 99 247 149955 220 18 220 18 18 220 18 18 18 220 18 18 18 18 220 18 18 18 18 18 220 18 18 18 18 18 18 220 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 220 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 220 18 13 18 220 18 496 18 220 18 1112 18 220 146394 97529 241 44258 233 146568 44258 224 147603 20879 115 146280 44258 223 146280 147272 97529 227 144534 937 104100 18493 22377 99257 16 18 16 19 16 20 16 35727 21216 55460 53237 18658 14144 1456 13073 63471 33594 3038 133178 79012 3355 4605 4605 13874 13874 73594 3014 3014 28149 17085 2928 26610 7646 358 3003 1012 364 83 813 566 594 1052 11 364 787 498 2704 30 364 44 537 2704 358 3278 1281 432 11 364 35 498 1075 1045 15243 30 1205 6 42612 264 63866 43
diff --git a/models/templates/CohereForAI-c4ai-command-r-plus-tool_use.jinja b/models/templates/CohereForAI-c4ai-command-r-plus-tool_use.jinja
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f5baef30b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/templates/CohereForAI-c4ai-command-r-plus-tool_use.jinja
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+
+{%- macro json_to_python_type(json_spec) %}
+{%- set basic_type_map = {
+    "string": "str",
+    "number": "float",
+    "integer": "int",
+    "boolean": "bool"
+} %}
+
+{%- if basic_type_map[json_spec.type] is defined %}
+    {{- basic_type_map[json_spec.type] }}
+{%- elif json_spec.type == "array" %}
+    {{- "List[" +  json_to_python_type(json_spec.items) + "]"}}
+{%- elif json_spec.type == "object" %}
+    {{- "Dict[str, " + json_to_python_type(json_spec.additionalProperties) + ']'}}
+{%- elif json_spec.type is iterable %}
+    {{- "Union[" }}
+    {%- for t in json_spec.type %}
+      {{- json_to_python_type({"type": t}) }}
+      {%- if not loop.last %}
+        {{- "," }} 
+    {%- endif %}
+    {%- endfor %}
+    {{- "]" }}
+{%- else %}
+    {{- "Any" }}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- endmacro %}
+
+{%- macro old_tool_parser(tools) %}
+{%- for tool in tools %}
+    {%- if loop.index0 != 0 %}
+        {{- '\n\n' }}
+    {%- endif %}
+    {{- '```python\ndef ' + tool.name + '(' }}
+    {%- for param_name, param_fields in tool.parameter_definitions|items %}
+        {%- if loop.index0 != 0 %}
+            {{- ', '}}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {{- param_name + ': ' }}
+        {%- if not param_fields.required %}
+            {{- 'Optional[' + param_fields.type + '] = None'}}
+        {%- else %}
+            {{- param_fields.type }}
+        {%- endif %}
+    {%- endfor %}
+    {{- ') -> List[Dict]:\n    """'}}
+    {{- tool.description }}
+    {%- if tool.parameter_definitions|length != 0 %}
+        {{- '\n\n    Args:\n        '}}
+        {%- for param_name, param_fields in tool.parameter_definitions|items %}
+            {%- if loop.index0 != 0 %}
+                {{- '\n        ' }}
+            {%- endif %}
+            {{- param_name + ' ('}}
+            {%- if not param_fields.required %}
+                {{- 'Optional[' + param_fields.type + ']'}}
+            {%- else %}
+                {{- param_fields.type }}
+            {%- endif %}
+            {{- '): ' + param_fields.description }}
+        {%- endfor %}
+    {%- endif %}
+    {{- '\n    """\n    pass\n```' }}
+{%- endfor %}
+{%- endmacro %}
+
+{%- macro new_tool_parser(tools) %}
+{%- for tool in tools %}
+  {%- if loop.index0 != 0 %}
+    {{- '\n\n'}}
+  {%- endif %}
+  {%- if tool.function is defined %}
+    {%- set tool = tool.function %}
+  {%- endif %}
+  {{-'```python
+def ' + tool.name + '('}}
+  {%- for param_name, param_fields in tool.parameters.properties|items %}
+    {%- if loop.index0 != 0 %}
+      {{- ', '}}
+    {%- endif %}
+    {{-param_name + ": "}} 
+    {%- if not param_name in tool.parameters.required %}
+      {{-'Optional[' + json_to_python_type(param_fields) + '] = None'}}
+    {%- else %}
+      {{- json_to_python_type(param_fields) }}
+    {%- endif %}
+  {%- endfor %}
+  {{- ') -> List[Dict]:
+    """'}}
+  {{- tool.description }}
+  {%- if tool.parameters.properties|length != 0 %}
+    {{- '\n\n    Args:\n        '}}
+    {%- for param_name, param_fields in tool.parameters.properties|items %}
+      {%- if loop.index0 != 0 %}
+        {{- '\n        ' }}
+      {%- endif %}
+      {{- param_name + ' ('}}
+      {%- if not param_name in tool.parameters.required %}
+        {{-'Optional[' + json_to_python_type(param_fields) + ']'}}
+      {%- else %}
+        {{- json_to_python_type(param_fields) }}
+      {%- endif %}
+      {{- '): ' + param_fields.description }}
+    {%- endfor %}
+    {%- endif %}
+    {{- '\n    """\n    pass\n```' }}
+{%- endfor %}
+{%- endmacro %}
+
+{{- bos_token }}
+{%- if messages[0]['role'] == 'system' %}
+  {%- set loop_messages = messages[1:] %}
+  {%- set system_message = messages[0]['content'] %}
+{%- else %}
+  {%- set loop_messages = messages %}
+  {%- set system_message = '## Task and Context\nYou help people answer their questions and other requests interactively. You will be asked a very wide array of requests on all kinds of topics. You will be equipped with a wide range of search engines or similar tools to help you, which you use to research your answer. You should focus on serving the user\'s needs as best you can, which will be wide-ranging.\n\n## Style Guide\nUnless the user asks for a different style of answer, you should answer in full sentences, using proper grammar and spelling.' %}
+{%- endif %}
+{{- '<|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|SYSTEM_TOKEN|>' }}
+{{- '# Safety Preamble' }}
+{{- '
+The instructions in this section override those in the task description and style guide sections. Don\'t answer questions that are harmful or immoral.' }}
+{{- '
+
+# System Preamble' }}
+{{- '
+## Basic Rules' }}
+{{- '
+You are a powerful conversational AI trained by Cohere to help people. You are augmented by a number of tools, and your job is to use and consume the output of these tools to best help the user. You will see a conversation history between yourself and a user, ending with an utterance from the user. You will then see a specific instruction instructing you what kind of response to generate. When you answer the user\'s requests, you cite your sources in your answers, according to those instructions.' }}
+{{- '
+
+# User Preamble' }}
+{{- '
+' + system_message }}
+{{-'
+
+## Available Tools
+Here is a list of tools that you have available to you:
+
+'}}
+{%- set ns = namespace(new_tools=true) %}
+{%- for tool in tools %}
+    {%- if tool.parameter_definitions is defined %}
+        {%- set ns.new_tools = false %}
+    {%- endif %}
+{%- endfor %}
+{%- if ns.new_tools %}
+    {{- new_tool_parser(tools) }}
+{%- else %}
+    {{- old_tool_parser(tools) }}
+{%- endif %}
+{{- '<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|>'}}
+{%- for message in loop_messages %}
+  {%- set content = message['content'] %}
+  {%- if message.role == 'user' %}
+    {{- '<|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|USER_TOKEN|>' + content|trim + '<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|>' }}
+  {%- elif message.role == 'system' %}
+    {{- '<|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|SYSTEM_TOKEN|>' + content|trim + '<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|>' }}
+  {%- elif message.role == 'assistant' and message.tool_calls is defined %}
+    {{- '<|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|CHATBOT_TOKEN|>' }}
+    {%- if message.content is defined %}
+        {{- message.content|trim }}
+    {%- endif %}
+    {{- '\nAction:\n```json\n[\n' }}
+    {%- for tool_call in message.tool_calls %}
+        {%- if tool_call.function is defined %}
+            {%- set tool_call = tool_call.function %}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {{- '{\n'|indent(4, first=true) }}
+        {{- '"tool_name": "'|indent(8, first=true) + tool_call.name + '",\n' }}
+        {{- '"parameters": '|indent(8, first=true) }}
+        {%- if tool_call.arguments is defined and tool_call.arguments|length > 0 %}    
+            {{- tool_call.arguments|tojson(indent=4)|indent(8) }}
+            {{- '\n' }}
+        {%- else %}
+            {{- '{}\n' }}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {{- '}'|indent(4, first=true) }}
+        {%- if not loop.last %}
+            {{- ',\n' }}
+        {%- endif %}
+    {%- endfor %}
+    {{- "\n]```\n" }}
+  {%- elif message.role == 'assistant' %}
+    {{- '<|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|CHATBOT_TOKEN|>'  + content|trim + '<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|>' }}
+  {%- elif message.role == 'tool' %}
+    {{- '<|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|SYSTEM_TOKEN|><results>\n' }}
+    {{- message.content|trim }}
+    {{- '</results><|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|>' }}
+  {%- endif %}
+{%- endfor %}
+{{-'<|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|SYSTEM_TOKEN|>Write \'Action:\' followed by a json-formatted list of actions that you want to perform in order to produce a good response to the user\'s last input. You can use any of the supplied tools any number of times, but you should aim to execute the minimum number of necessary actions for the input. You should use the `directly-answer` tool if calling the other tools is unnecessary. The list of actions you want to call should be formatted as a list of json objects, for example:
+```json
+[
+    {
+        "tool_name": title of the tool in the specification,
+        "parameters": a dict of parameters to input into the tool as they are defined in the specs, or {} if it takes no parameters
+    }
+]```<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|>'}}
+{%- if add_generation_prompt %}
+  {{- '<|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|CHATBOT_TOKEN|>' }}
+{%- endif %}
diff --git a/models/templates/NousResearch-Hermes-2-Pro-Llama-3-8B-tool_use.jinja b/models/templates/NousResearch-Hermes-2-Pro-Llama-3-8B-tool_use.jinja
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..149250bd54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/templates/NousResearch-Hermes-2-Pro-Llama-3-8B-tool_use.jinja
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+{%- macro json_to_python_type(json_spec) %}
+{%- set basic_type_map = {
+    "string": "str",
+    "number": "float",
+    "integer": "int",
+    "boolean": "bool"
+} %}
+
+{%- if basic_type_map[json_spec.type] is defined %}
+    {{- basic_type_map[json_spec.type] }}
+{%- elif json_spec.type == "array" %}
+    {{- "list[" +  json_to_python_type(json_spec|items) + "]"}}
+{%- elif json_spec.type == "object" %}
+    {%- if json_spec.additionalProperties is defined %}
+        {{- "dict[str, " + json_to_python_type(json_spec.additionalProperties) + ']'}}
+    {%- else %}
+        {{- "dict" }}
+    {%- endif %}
+{%- elif json_spec.type is iterable %}
+    {{- "Union[" }}
+    {%- for t in json_spec.type %}
+      {{- json_to_python_type({"type": t}) }}
+      {%- if not loop.last %}
+        {{- "," }} 
+    {%- endif %}
+    {%- endfor %}
+    {{- "]" }}
+{%- else %}
+    {{- "Any" }}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- endmacro %}
+
+
+{{- bos_token }}
+{{- '<|im_start|>system
+' }}
+{{- "You are a function calling AI model. You are provided with function signatures within <tools></tools> XML tags. You may call one or more functions to assist with the user query. Don't make assumptions about what values to plug into functions. Here are the available tools: <tools> " }}
+{%- for tool in tools %}
+    {%- if tool.function is defined %}
+        {%- set tool = tool.function %}
+    {%- endif %}
+    {{- '{"type": "function", "function": ' }}
+    {{- '{"name": "' + tool.name + '", ' }}
+    {{- '"description": "' + tool.name + '(' }}
+    {%- for param_name, param_fields in tool.parameters.properties|items %}
+        {{- param_name + ": " + json_to_python_type(param_fields) }}
+        {%- if not loop.last %}
+            {{- ", " }}
+        {%- endif %}
+    {%- endfor %}
+    {{- ")" }}
+    {%- if tool.return is defined %}
+        {{- " -> " + json_to_python_type(tool.return) }}
+    {%- endif %}
+    {{- " - " + tool.description + "
+
+" }}
+    {%- for param_name, param_fields in tool.parameters.properties|items %}
+        {%- if loop.first %}
+            {{- "    Args:
+" }}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {{- "        " + param_name + "(" + json_to_python_type(param_fields) + "): " + param_fields.description|trim }}
+    {%- endfor %}
+    {%- if tool.return is defined and tool.return.description is defined %}
+        {{- "
+    Returns:
+        " + tool.return.description }}
+    {%- endif %}
+    {{- '"' }}
+    {{- ', "parameters": ' }}
+    {%- if tool.parameters.properties | length == 0 %}
+        {{- "{}" }}
+    {%- else %}
+        {{- tool.parameters|tojson }}
+    {%- endif %}
+    {{- "}" }}
+    {%- if not loop.last %}
+        {{- "
+" }}
+    {%- endif %}
+{%- endfor %}
+{{- " </tools>" }}
+{{- 'Use the following pydantic model json schema for each tool call you will make: {"properties": {"name": {"title": "Name", "type": "string"}, "arguments": {"title": "Arguments", "type": "object"}}, "required": ["name", "arguments"], "title": "FunctionCall", "type": "object"}}
+' }}
+{{- "For each function call return a json object with function name and arguments within <tool_call></tool_call> XML tags as follows:
+" }}
+{{- "<tool_call>
+" }}
+{{- '{"name": <function-name>, "arguments": <args-dict>}
+' }}
+{{- '</tool_call><|im_end|>
+' }}
+{%- for message in messages %}
+    {%- if message.role == "user" or message.role == "system" or (message.role == "assistant" and message.tool_calls is not defined) %}
+        {{- '<|im_start|>' + message.role + '
+' + message.content + '<|im_end|>' + '
+' }}
+    {%- elif message.role == "assistant" %}
+        {{- '<|im_start|>' + message.role }}
+    {%- for tool_call in message.tool_calls %}
+       {{- '
+<tool_call>
+' }}           {%- if tool_call.function is defined %}
+                {%- set tool_call = tool_call.function %}
+            {%- endif %}
+            {{- '{' }}
+            {{- '"name": "' }}
+            {{- tool_call.name }}
+            {{- '"' }}
+            {{- ', '}}
+            {%- if tool_call.arguments is defined %}
+                {{- '"arguments": ' }}
+                {%- if tool_call.arguments is string %}
+                    {{- tool_call.arguments }}
+                {%- else %}
+                    {{- tool_call.arguments|tojson }}
+                {%- endif %}
+            {%- endif %}
+             {{- '}' }}
+            {{- '
+</tool_call>' }}
+    {%- endfor %}
+        {{- '<|im_end|>
+' }}
+    {%- elif message.role == "tool" %}
+        {%- if loop.previtem and loop.previtem.role != "tool" %}
+            {{- '<|im_start|>tool
+' }}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {{- '<tool_response>
+' }}
+        {{- message.content }}
+        {%- if not loop.last %}
+            {{- '
+</tool_response>
+' }}
+        {%- else %}
+            {{- '
+</tool_response>' }}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {%- if not loop.last and loop.nextitem.role != "tool" %}
+            {{- '<|im_end|>' }}
+        {%- elif loop.last %}
+            {{- '<|im_end|>' }}
+        {%- endif %}
+    {%- endif %}
+{%- endfor %}
+{%- if add_generation_prompt %}
+    {{- '<|im_start|>assistant
+' }}
+{%- endif %}
diff --git a/models/templates/NousResearch-Hermes-3-Llama-3.1-8B-tool_use.jinja b/models/templates/NousResearch-Hermes-3-Llama-3.1-8B-tool_use.jinja
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..149250bd54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/templates/NousResearch-Hermes-3-Llama-3.1-8B-tool_use.jinja
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+{%- macro json_to_python_type(json_spec) %}
+{%- set basic_type_map = {
+    "string": "str",
+    "number": "float",
+    "integer": "int",
+    "boolean": "bool"
+} %}
+
+{%- if basic_type_map[json_spec.type] is defined %}
+    {{- basic_type_map[json_spec.type] }}
+{%- elif json_spec.type == "array" %}
+    {{- "list[" +  json_to_python_type(json_spec|items) + "]"}}
+{%- elif json_spec.type == "object" %}
+    {%- if json_spec.additionalProperties is defined %}
+        {{- "dict[str, " + json_to_python_type(json_spec.additionalProperties) + ']'}}
+    {%- else %}
+        {{- "dict" }}
+    {%- endif %}
+{%- elif json_spec.type is iterable %}
+    {{- "Union[" }}
+    {%- for t in json_spec.type %}
+      {{- json_to_python_type({"type": t}) }}
+      {%- if not loop.last %}
+        {{- "," }} 
+    {%- endif %}
+    {%- endfor %}
+    {{- "]" }}
+{%- else %}
+    {{- "Any" }}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- endmacro %}
+
+
+{{- bos_token }}
+{{- '<|im_start|>system
+' }}
+{{- "You are a function calling AI model. You are provided with function signatures within <tools></tools> XML tags. You may call one or more functions to assist with the user query. Don't make assumptions about what values to plug into functions. Here are the available tools: <tools> " }}
+{%- for tool in tools %}
+    {%- if tool.function is defined %}
+        {%- set tool = tool.function %}
+    {%- endif %}
+    {{- '{"type": "function", "function": ' }}
+    {{- '{"name": "' + tool.name + '", ' }}
+    {{- '"description": "' + tool.name + '(' }}
+    {%- for param_name, param_fields in tool.parameters.properties|items %}
+        {{- param_name + ": " + json_to_python_type(param_fields) }}
+        {%- if not loop.last %}
+            {{- ", " }}
+        {%- endif %}
+    {%- endfor %}
+    {{- ")" }}
+    {%- if tool.return is defined %}
+        {{- " -> " + json_to_python_type(tool.return) }}
+    {%- endif %}
+    {{- " - " + tool.description + "
+
+" }}
+    {%- for param_name, param_fields in tool.parameters.properties|items %}
+        {%- if loop.first %}
+            {{- "    Args:
+" }}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {{- "        " + param_name + "(" + json_to_python_type(param_fields) + "): " + param_fields.description|trim }}
+    {%- endfor %}
+    {%- if tool.return is defined and tool.return.description is defined %}
+        {{- "
+    Returns:
+        " + tool.return.description }}
+    {%- endif %}
+    {{- '"' }}
+    {{- ', "parameters": ' }}
+    {%- if tool.parameters.properties | length == 0 %}
+        {{- "{}" }}
+    {%- else %}
+        {{- tool.parameters|tojson }}
+    {%- endif %}
+    {{- "}" }}
+    {%- if not loop.last %}
+        {{- "
+" }}
+    {%- endif %}
+{%- endfor %}
+{{- " </tools>" }}
+{{- 'Use the following pydantic model json schema for each tool call you will make: {"properties": {"name": {"title": "Name", "type": "string"}, "arguments": {"title": "Arguments", "type": "object"}}, "required": ["name", "arguments"], "title": "FunctionCall", "type": "object"}}
+' }}
+{{- "For each function call return a json object with function name and arguments within <tool_call></tool_call> XML tags as follows:
+" }}
+{{- "<tool_call>
+" }}
+{{- '{"name": <function-name>, "arguments": <args-dict>}
+' }}
+{{- '</tool_call><|im_end|>
+' }}
+{%- for message in messages %}
+    {%- if message.role == "user" or message.role == "system" or (message.role == "assistant" and message.tool_calls is not defined) %}
+        {{- '<|im_start|>' + message.role + '
+' + message.content + '<|im_end|>' + '
+' }}
+    {%- elif message.role == "assistant" %}
+        {{- '<|im_start|>' + message.role }}
+    {%- for tool_call in message.tool_calls %}
+       {{- '
+<tool_call>
+' }}           {%- if tool_call.function is defined %}
+                {%- set tool_call = tool_call.function %}
+            {%- endif %}
+            {{- '{' }}
+            {{- '"name": "' }}
+            {{- tool_call.name }}
+            {{- '"' }}
+            {{- ', '}}
+            {%- if tool_call.arguments is defined %}
+                {{- '"arguments": ' }}
+                {%- if tool_call.arguments is string %}
+                    {{- tool_call.arguments }}
+                {%- else %}
+                    {{- tool_call.arguments|tojson }}
+                {%- endif %}
+            {%- endif %}
+             {{- '}' }}
+            {{- '
+</tool_call>' }}
+    {%- endfor %}
+        {{- '<|im_end|>
+' }}
+    {%- elif message.role == "tool" %}
+        {%- if loop.previtem and loop.previtem.role != "tool" %}
+            {{- '<|im_start|>tool
+' }}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {{- '<tool_response>
+' }}
+        {{- message.content }}
+        {%- if not loop.last %}
+            {{- '
+</tool_response>
+' }}
+        {%- else %}
+            {{- '
+</tool_response>' }}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {%- if not loop.last and loop.nextitem.role != "tool" %}
+            {{- '<|im_end|>' }}
+        {%- elif loop.last %}
+            {{- '<|im_end|>' }}
+        {%- endif %}
+    {%- endif %}
+{%- endfor %}
+{%- if add_generation_prompt %}
+    {{- '<|im_start|>assistant
+' }}
+{%- endif %}
diff --git a/models/templates/Qwen-Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct.jinja b/models/templates/Qwen-Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct.jinja
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bdf7919a96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/templates/Qwen-Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct.jinja
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+{%- if tools %}
+    {{- '<|im_start|>system\n' }}
+    {%- if messages[0]['role'] == 'system' %}
+        {{- messages[0]['content'] }}
+    {%- else %}
+        {{- 'You are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.' }}
+    {%- endif %}
+    {{- "\n\n# Tools\n\nYou may call one or more functions to assist with the user query.\n\nYou are provided with function signatures within <tools></tools> XML tags:\n<tools>" }}
+    {%- for tool in tools %}
+        {{- "\n" }}
+        {{- tool | tojson }}
+    {%- endfor %}
+    {{- "\n</tools>\n\nFor each function call, return a json object with function name and arguments within <tool_call></tool_call> XML tags:\n<tool_call>\n{\"name\": <function-name>, \"arguments\": <args-json-object>}\n</tool_call><|im_end|>\n" }}
+{%- else %}
+    {%- if messages[0]['role'] == 'system' %}
+        {{- '<|im_start|>system\n' + messages[0]['content'] + '<|im_end|>\n' }}
+    {%- else %}
+        {{- '<|im_start|>system\nYou are Qwen, created by Alibaba Cloud. You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>\n' }}
+    {%- endif %}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- for message in messages %}
+    {%- if (message.role == "user") or (message.role == "system" and not loop.first) or (message.role == "assistant" and not message.tool_calls) %}
+        {{- '<|im_start|>' + message.role + '\n' + message.content + '<|im_end|>' + '\n' }}
+    {%- elif message.role == "assistant" %}
+        {{- '<|im_start|>' + message.role }}
+        {%- if message.content %}
+            {{- '\n' + message.content }}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {%- for tool_call in message.tool_calls %}
+            {%- if tool_call.function is defined %}
+                {%- set tool_call = tool_call.function %}
+            {%- endif %}
+            {{- '\n<tool_call>\n{"name": "' }}
+            {{- tool_call.name }}
+            {{- '", "arguments": ' }}
+            {{- tool_call.arguments | tojson }}
+            {{- '}\n</tool_call>' }}
+        {%- endfor %}
+        {{- '<|im_end|>\n' }}
+    {%- elif message.role == "tool" %}
+        {%- if (loop.index0 == 0) or (messages[loop.index0 - 1].role != "tool") %}
+            {{- '<|im_start|>user' }}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {{- '\n<tool_response>\n' }}
+        {{- message.content }}
+        {{- '\n</tool_response>' }}
+        {%- if loop.last or (messages[loop.index0 + 1].role != "tool") %}
+            {{- '<|im_end|>\n' }}
+        {%- endif %}
+    {%- endif %}
+{%- endfor %}
+{%- if add_generation_prompt %}
+    {{- '<|im_start|>assistant\n' }}
+{%- endif %}
diff --git a/models/templates/deepseek-ai-DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B.jinja b/models/templates/deepseek-ai-DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B.jinja
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..02a1c3bce3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/templates/deepseek-ai-DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B.jinja
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{% if not add_generation_prompt is defined %}{% set add_generation_prompt = false %}{% endif %}{% set ns = namespace(is_first=false, is_tool=false, is_output_first=true, system_prompt='') %}{%- for message in messages %}{%- if message['role'] == 'system' %}{% set ns.system_prompt = message['content'] %}{%- endif %}{%- endfor %}{{bos_token}}{{ns.system_prompt}}{%- for message in messages %}{%- if message['role'] == 'user' %}{%- set ns.is_tool = false -%}{{'<｜User｜>' + message['content']}}{%- endif %}{%- if message['role'] == 'assistant' and message['content'] is none %}{%- set ns.is_tool = false -%}{%- for tool in message['tool_calls']%}{%- if not ns.is_first %}{{'<｜Assistant｜><｜tool▁calls▁begin｜><｜tool▁call▁begin｜>' + tool['type'] + '<｜tool▁sep｜>' + tool['function']['name'] + '\n' + '```json' + '\n' + tool['function']['arguments'] + '\n' + '```' + '<｜tool▁call▁end｜>'}}{%- set ns.is_first = true -%}{%- else %}{{'\n' + '<｜tool▁call▁begin｜>' + tool['type'] + '<｜tool▁sep｜>' + tool['function']['name'] + '\n' + '```json' + '\n' + tool['function']['arguments'] + '\n' + '```' + '<｜tool▁call▁end｜>'}}{{'<｜tool▁calls▁end｜><｜end▁of▁sentence｜>'}}{%- endif %}{%- endfor %}{%- endif %}{%- if message['role'] == 'assistant' and message['content'] is not none %}{%- if ns.is_tool %}{{'<｜tool▁outputs▁end｜>' + message['content'] + '<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>'}}{%- set ns.is_tool = false -%}{%- else %}{% set content = message['content'] %}{% if '</think>' in content %}{% set content = content.split('</think>')[-1] %}{% endif %}{{'<｜Assistant｜>' + content + '<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>'}}{%- endif %}{%- endif %}{%- if message['role'] == 'tool' %}{%- set ns.is_tool = true -%}{%- if ns.is_output_first %}{{'<｜tool▁outputs▁begin｜><｜tool▁output▁begin｜>' + message['content'] + '<｜tool▁output▁end｜>'}}{%- set ns.is_output_first = false %}{%- else %}{{'\n<｜tool▁output▁begin｜>' + message['content'] + '<｜tool▁output▁end｜>'}}{%- endif %}{%- endif %}{%- endfor -%}{% if ns.is_tool %}{{'<｜tool▁outputs▁end｜>'}}{% endif %}{% if add_generation_prompt and not ns.is_tool %}{{'<｜Assistant｜>'}}{% endif %}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/models/templates/deepseek-ai-DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B.jinja b/models/templates/deepseek-ai-DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B.jinja
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ebfe7c1e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/templates/deepseek-ai-DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B.jinja
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+{% if not add_generation_prompt is defined %}
+{% set add_generation_prompt = false %}
+{% endif %}
+{% set ns = namespace(is_first=false, is_tool=false, is_output_first=true, system_prompt='') %}
+{%- for message in messages %}
+{%- if message['role'] == 'system' %}
+{% set ns.system_prompt = message['content'] %}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- endfor %}
+{{bos_token}}
+{{ns.system_prompt}}
+{%- for message in messages %}
+{%- if message['role'] == 'user' %}
+{%- set ns.is_tool = false -%}
+{{'<｜User｜>' + message['content']}}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- if message['role'] == 'assistant' and message['content'] is none %}
+{%- set ns.is_tool = false -%}
+{%- for tool in message['tool_calls']%}
+{%- if not ns.is_first %}
+{{'<｜Assistant｜><｜tool▁calls▁begin｜><｜tool▁call▁begin｜>' + tool['type'] + '<｜tool▁sep｜>' + tool['function']['name'] + '\n' + '```json' + '\n' + tool['function']['arguments'] + '\n' + '```' + '<｜tool▁call▁end｜>'}}
+{%- set ns.is_first = true -%}
+{%- else %}
+{{'\n' + '<｜tool▁call▁begin｜>' + tool['type'] + '<｜tool▁sep｜>' + tool['function']['name'] + '\n' + '```json' + '\n' + tool['function']['arguments'] + '\n' + '```' + '<｜tool▁call▁end｜>'}}
+{{'<｜tool▁calls▁end｜><｜end▁of▁sentence｜>'}}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- endfor %}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- if message['role'] == 'assistant' and message['content'] is not none %}
+{%- if ns.is_tool %}
+{{'<｜tool▁outputs▁end｜>' + message['content'] + '<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>'}}
+{%- set ns.is_tool = false -%}
+{%- else %}
+{% set content = message['content'] %}
+{% if '</think>' in content %}
+{% set content = content.split('</think>')[-1] %}
+{% endif %}
+{{'<｜Assistant｜>' + content + '<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>'}}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- if message['role'] == 'tool' %}
+{%- set ns.is_tool = true -%}
+{%- if ns.is_output_first %}
+{{'<｜tool▁outputs▁begin｜><｜tool▁output▁begin｜>' + message['content'] + '<｜tool▁output▁end｜>'}}
+{%- set ns.is_output_first = false %}
+{%- else %}
+{{'\n<｜tool▁output▁begin｜>' + message['content'] + '<｜tool▁output▁end｜>'}}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- endfor -%}
+{% if ns.is_tool %}
+{{'<｜tool▁outputs▁end｜>'}}
+{% endif %}
+{% if add_generation_prompt and not ns.is_tool %}
+{{'<｜Assistant｜>'}}
+{% endif %}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/models/templates/fireworks-ai-llama-3-firefunction-v2.jinja b/models/templates/fireworks-ai-llama-3-firefunction-v2.jinja
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9b8136df73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/templates/fireworks-ai-llama-3-firefunction-v2.jinja
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+{%- set loop_messages = messages -%}
+{%- set message_roles = ['system', 'user', 'assistant', 'tool'] -%}
+{%- set system_prompt_suffix -%}
+{%- filter trim -%}
+In addition to plain text responses, you can chose to call one or more of the provided functions.
+
+Use the following rule to decide when to call a function:
+  * if the response can be generated from your internal knowledge (e.g., as in the case of queries like "What is the capital of Poland?"), do so
+  * if you need external information that can be obtained by calling one or more of the provided functions, generate a function calls
+
+If you decide to call functions:
+  * prefix function calls with functools marker (no closing marker required)
+  * all function calls should be generated in a single JSON list formatted as functools[{"name": [function name], "arguments": [function arguments as JSON]}, ...]
+  * follow the provided JSON schema. Do not hallucinate arguments or values. Do to blindly copy values from the provided samples
+  * respect the argument type formatting. E.g., if the type if number and format is float, write value 7 as 7.0
+  * make sure you pick the right functions that match the user intent
+
+Available functions as JSON spec:
+{%- endfilter -%}
+{%- endset -%}
+{%- set system_prompt_suffix = system_prompt_suffix + "\n" + functions -%}
+{%- set system_prompt_suffix = system_prompt_suffix + '\nToday is ' + datetime + '.' -%}
+{%- set ns = namespace(role='', content='') -%}
+{#- Basic consistency checks -#}
+{%- if not loop_messages -%}
+  {{ raise_exception('Expected non-empty messages') }}
+{%- endif -%}
+{%- for message in loop_messages -%}
+  {%- set ns.role = message['role'] | lower -%}
+  {%- if ns.role not in message_roles -%}
+    {%- set message_roles_string = message_roles | join(', ') -%}
+    {{ raise_exception('Invalid role ' + message['role'] + '. Only ' + message_roles_string + ' are supported.') }}
+  {%- endif -%}
+  {%- set msg_content = message['content'] | default('', true) | trim -%}
+  {%- if loop.index0 == 0 -%}
+    {%- if ns.role == 'system' -%}
+      {%- set system_prompt = '<|start_header_id|>' + 'system' + '<|end_header_id|>\n\n' + message['content'] | trim + '\n' + system_prompt_suffix + '<|eot_id|>' -%}
+    {%- else -%}
+      {%- set system_prompt = '<|start_header_id|>' + 'system' + '<|end_header_id|>\n\nYou are a helpful assistant with access to functions.\n' + system_prompt_suffix + '<|eot_id|>' -%}
+    {%- endif -%}
+    {%- set ns.content = bos_token + system_prompt -%}
+    {{- ns.content -}}
+  {%- endif -%}
+  {%- if loop.index0 > 0 or ns.role != 'system' -%}
+    {%- set ns.content = '<|start_header_id|>' + ns.role + '<|end_header_id|>\n\n' + msg_content -%}
+    {%- if 'tool_calls' in message and message['tool_calls'] -%}
+      {%- set tool = namespace(calls=[]) -%}
+      {%- for call in message['tool_calls'] -%}
+        {%- set tool.calls = tool.calls + ['{"name": "' + call['function']['name'] + '", "arguments": ' + call['function']['arguments'] + '}'] -%}
+      {%- endfor -%}
+      {%- set ns.content = ns.content + ' functools[' + tool.calls | join(', ') + ']' -%}
+    {%- endif -%}
+    {%- set ns.content = ns.content + '<|eot_id|>' -%}
+    {{- ns.content -}}
+  {%- endif -%}
+{%- endfor -%}
+{{- '<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n' -}}
diff --git a/models/templates/google-gemma-2-2b-it.jinja b/models/templates/google-gemma-2-2b-it.jinja
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..923ec253c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/templates/google-gemma-2-2b-it.jinja
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{{ bos_token }}{% if messages[0]['role'] == 'system' %}{{ raise_exception('System role not supported') }}{% endif %}{% for message in messages %}{% if (message['role'] == 'user') != (loop.index0 % 2 == 0) %}{{ raise_exception('Conversation roles must alternate user/assistant/user/assistant/...') }}{% endif %}{% if (message['role'] == 'assistant') %}{% set role = 'model' %}{% else %}{% set role = message['role'] %}{% endif %}{{ '<start_of_turn>' + role + '
+' + message['content'] | trim + '<end_of_turn>
+' }}{% endfor %}{% if add_generation_prompt %}{{'<start_of_turn>model
+'}}{% endif %}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/models/templates/meetkai-functionary-medium-v3.1.jinja b/models/templates/meetkai-functionary-medium-v3.1.jinja
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..29d64a215a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/templates/meetkai-functionary-medium-v3.1.jinja
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+{# version=v3-llama3.1 #}{%- if not tools is defined -%}
+    {%- set tools = none -%}
+{%- endif -%}
+
+{%- set has_code_interpreter = tools | selectattr("type", "equalto", "code_interpreter") | list | length > 0 -%}
+{%- if has_code_interpreter -%}
+    {%- set tools = tools | rejectattr("type", "equalto", "code_interpreter") | list -%}
+{%- endif -%}
+
+{#- System message + builtin tools #}
+{{- bos_token + "<|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|>\n\n" }}
+{%- if has_code_interpreter %}
+    {{- "Environment: ipython\n\n" }}
+{%- else -%}
+    {{ "\n"}}
+{%- endif %}
+{{- "Cutting Knowledge Date: December 2023\n\n" }}
+{%- if tools %}
+    {{- "\nYou have access to the following functions:\n\n" }}
+    {%- for t in tools %}
+        {%- if "type" in t -%}
+            {{ "Use the function '"|safe + t["function"]["name"] + "' to '"|safe + t["function"]["description"] + "'\n"|safe + t["function"] | tojson() }}
+        {%- else -%}
+            {{ "Use the function '"|safe + t["name"] + "' to '"|safe + t["description"] + "'\n"|safe + t | tojson() }}
+        {%- endif -%}
+        {{- "\n\n" }}
+    {%- endfor %}
+    {{- '\nThink very carefully before calling functions.\nIf a you choose to call a function ONLY reply in the following format:\n<{start_tag}={function_name}>{parameters}{end_tag}\nwhere\n\nstart_tag => `<function`\nparameters => a JSON dict with the function argument name as key and function argument value as value.\nend_tag => `</function>`\n\nHere is an example,\n<function=example_function_name>{"example_name": "example_value"}</function>\n\nReminder:\n- If looking for real time information use relevant functions before falling back to brave_search\n- Function calls MUST follow the specified format, start with <function= and end with </function>\n- Required parameters MUST be specified\n- Only call one function at a time\n- Put the entire function call reply on one line\n\n' -}}
+{%- endif %}
+{{- "<|eot_id|>" -}}
+
+{%- for message in messages -%}
+    {%- if message['role'] == 'user' or message['role'] == 'system' -%}
+        {{ '<|start_header_id|>' + message['role'] + '<|end_header_id|>\n\n' + message['content'] + '<|eot_id|>' }}
+    {%- elif message['role'] == 'tool' -%}
+        {{ '<|start_header_id|>ipython<|end_header_id|>\n\n' + message['content'] + '<|eot_id|>' }}
+    {%- else -%}
+        {{ '<|start_header_id|>' + message['role'] + '<|end_header_id|>\n\n'}}
+        {%- if message['content'] -%}
+            {{ message['content'] }}
+        {%- endif -%}
+        {%- if 'tool_calls' in message and message['tool_calls'] -%}
+            {%- for tool_call in message['tool_calls'] -%}
+                {%- if tool_call["function"]["name"] == "python" -%}
+                    {{ '<|python_tag|>' + tool_call['function']['arguments'] }}
+                {%- else -%}
+                    {{ '<function=' + tool_call['function']['name'] + '>' + tool_call['function']['arguments'] + '</function>' }}
+                {%- endif -%}
+            {%- endfor -%}
+            {{ '<|eom_id|>' }}
+        {%- else -%}
+            {{ '<|eot_id|>' }}
+        {%- endif -%}
+    {%- endif -%}
+{%- endfor -%}
+{%- if add_generation_prompt -%}
+    {{ '<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n' }}
+{%- endif -%}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/models/templates/meetkai-functionary-medium-v3.2.jinja b/models/templates/meetkai-functionary-medium-v3.2.jinja
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74fd1e7af6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/templates/meetkai-functionary-medium-v3.2.jinja
@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+{# version=v3.llama3 #}{%- macro append_new_param_info(param_declaration, comment_info, examples_info, depth) -%}
+    {%- set offset = "" -%}
+    {%- if depth >= 1 -%}
+        {%- set offset = "    " * depth -%}
+    {%- endif -%}
+    {%- if comment_info != "<|NONE|>" -%}
+        {{ "\n" + offset + comment_info }}
+        {%- if examples_info | length > 0 -%}
+            {# Append each example info #}
+            {%- for example in examples_info -%}
+                {{ "\n" + offset + "// " + example|string|replace("'", '"') }}
+            {%- endfor -%}
+        {%- endif -%}
+    {%- endif -%}
+    {{ "\n" + offset + param_declaration }}
+{%- endmacro -%}
+
+{%- macro convert_data_type(param_type) -%}
+    {%- if param_type == "integer" or param_type == "float" -%}
+        {{ "number" }}
+    {%- else -%}
+        {{ param_type }}
+    {%- endif -%}
+{%- endmacro -%}
+
+{%- macro get_param_type(param) -%}
+    {%- set param_type = "any" -%}
+
+    {%- if "type" in param -%}
+        {%- set raw_param_type = param["type"] -%}
+        {%- if raw_param_type is iterable and raw_param_type is not string -%}
+            {%- set param_type = raw_param_type | join(" | ") -%}
+        {%- else -%}
+            {%- set param_type = raw_param_type -%}
+        {%- endif -%}
+        {{ convert_data_type(param_type) }}
+    {%- elif "oneOf" in param -%}
+        {%- set one_of_types = param["oneOf"]|selectattr("type", "defined")|list -%}
+        {%- set one_of_types = one_of_types|map(attribute="type")|unique|list -%}
+        {{ convert_data_type(one_of_types | join(" | ")) }}
+    {%- endif -%}
+{%- endmacro -%}
+
+{%- macro get_format_param(param) -%}
+    {%- if "format" in param -%}
+        {{ param["format"] }}
+    {%- elif "oneOf" in param -%}
+        {%- set formats = [] -%}
+        {%- for item in param["oneOf"] -%}
+            {%- if "format" in item -%}
+                {%- if item["format"] == param["oneOf"][-1]["format"] -%}
+                    {{ item["format"] }}
+                {%- else -%}
+                    {{ item["format"] + " or "}}
+                {%- endif -%}
+            {%- endif -%}
+        {%- endfor -%}
+    {%- else -%}
+        {{ "<|NONE|>" }}
+    {%- endif -%}
+{%- endmacro -%}
+
+{%- macro get_param_info(param) -%}
+    {%- set param_type = param.get("type", "any") -%}
+    {%- set format_param = get_format_param(param) -%}
+
+    {%- if "description" in param or "default" in param or format_param != "<|NONE|>" or param["maximum"] or param["minimum"] or param["maxLength"] or param["minLength"] -%}
+        {{ "//" }}
+        {%- if "description" in param -%}
+            {%- set desc = param["description"] -%}
+            {%- if not desc.endswith(".") -%}
+                {%- set desc = desc + "." -%}
+            {%- endif -%}
+            {{ " " + desc }}
+        {%- endif -%}
+
+        {%- if "default" in param -%}
+            {%- set default_value = param["default"] -%}
+            {%- if param_type == "string" -%}
+                {%- set default_value = '"' ~ default_value ~ '"' -%}
+            {%- endif -%}
+            {{ " Default=" ~ default_value ~ "." }}
+        {%- endif -%}
+
+        {%- set format_param = get_format_param(param) -%}
+        {%- if format_param != "<|NONE|>" -%}
+            {{ " Format=" ~ format_param }}
+        {%- endif -%}
+
+        {%- for field, field_name in [("maximum", "Maximum"), ("minimum", "Minimum"), ("maxLength", "Maximum length"), ("minLength", "Minimum length")] -%}
+            {%- if field in param -%}
+                {{ " " + field_name ~ "=" ~ param[field] }}
+            {%- endif -%}
+        {%- endfor -%}
+    {%- else -%}
+        {{ "<|NONE|>"}}
+    {%- endif -%}
+{%- endmacro -%}
+
+{%- macro get_enum_option_str(enum_options) -%}
+    {%- for v in enum_options -%}
+        {%- if v is string -%}
+            {{ '"' + v + '"' }}
+        {%- else -%}
+            {{ v }}
+        {%- endif -%}
+        {%- if enum_options|length > 0 and v != enum_options[-1] -%}
+            {{ " | " }}
+        {%- endif -%}
+    {%- endfor -%}
+{%- endmacro -%}
+
+{%- macro get_array_typescript(param_name, param_dic, depth) -%}
+    {%- set offset = '' -%}
+    {%- if depth >= 1 -%}
+        {%- set offset = "    " * depth -%}
+    {%- endif -%}
+    {%- set items_info = param_dic.get('items', {}) -%}
+
+    {%- if items_info|length == 0 -%}
+        {%- if param_name -%}
+            {{ "\n" + offset + param_name + ": []" }}
+        {%- else -%}
+            {{ "\n" + offset + "[]" }}
+        {%- endif -%}
+    {%- else -%}
+        {%- set array_type = get_param_type(items_info) -%}
+        {%- if array_type == 'object' -%}
+            {%- if param_name -%}
+                {{ "\n" + offset + param_name + ": {" }}
+            {%- else -%}
+                {{ "\n" + offset + "{" }}
+            {%- endif -%}
+            {{ get_parameter_typescript(items_info.get('properties', {}), items_info.get('required', []), depth + 1) -}}
+            {{- "\n" + offset + "}[]" }}
+        {%- elif array_type == 'array' -%}
+            {%- set item_info = get_array_typescript(None, items_info, depth + 1) -%}
+            {%- if not param_name -%}
+                {{ "\n" + item_info + "[]" }}
+            {%- else -%}
+                {{ "\n" + offset + param_name + ": " + item_info|trim + "[]" }}
+            {%- endif -%}
+        {%- else -%}
+            {%- if 'enum' in items_info -%}
+                {%- set item_type = get_enum_option_str(items_info['enum']) -%}
+                {%- if param_name is none -%}
+                    {{ "(" + item_type + ")[]"}}
+                {%- else -%}
+                    {{ "\n" + offset + param_name + ": (" + item_type + ")[]" }}
+                {%- endif -%}
+            {%- else -%}
+                {%- if param_name is none -%}
+                    {{ "\n" + array_type + "[]" }}
+                {%- else -%}
+                    {{ "\n" + offset + param_name + ": " + array_type + "[]," }}
+                {%- endif -%}
+            {%- endif -%}
+        {%- endif -%}
+    {%- endif -%}
+{%- endmacro -%}
+
+{%- macro get_parameter_typescript(properties, required_params, depth=0) -%}
+    {%- set res = "" -%}
+    {%- for param_name, param in properties.items() -%}
+        {%- if param is mapping -%}
+            {%- set comment_info = get_param_info(param) -%}
+            {# Param Examples #}
+            {%- set examples_info = [] -%}
+            {%- if "examples" in param -%}
+                {%- set examples_info = ["Example " + param_name + ":"] -%}
+                {%- set examples_info = examples_info + param["examples"] -%}
+            {%- endif -%}
+
+            {# Param Name declaration #}
+            {%- set param_declaration = param_name -%}
+            {%- if required_params is iterable and param_name not in required_params -%}
+                {%- set param_declaration = param_declaration + "?" -%}
+            {%- endif -%}
+
+            {%- set param_type = get_param_type(param) -%}
+
+            {# Handle indentation based on depth #}
+            {%- set offset = "" -%}
+            {%- if depth >= 1 -%}
+                {%- set offset = "    " * depth -%}
+            {%- endif -%}
+
+            {%- if param_type == "object" -%}
+                {%- if comment_info != "<|NONE|>" -%}
+                    {{ "\n" + offset + comment_info }}
+                {%- endif -%}
+                {%- if examples_info|length > 0 -%}
+                    {%- for example in examples_info -%}
+                        {{ "\n" + offset + "// " + example|string|replace("'", '"') }}
+                    {%- endfor -%}
+                {%- endif -%}
+                {%- set param_declaration = param_declaration + ": {" -%}
+                {{ "\n" + offset + param_declaration -}}
+                {{- get_parameter_typescript(param.get("properties", {}), param.get("required", []), depth + 1) -}}
+                {{- "\n" + offset + "}," }}
+            {%- elif param_type == "array" -%}
+                {%- set item_info = param.get("items", {}) -%}
+                {%- if "type" not in item_info -%}
+                    {%- set param_declaration = param_declaration + ": []," -%}
+                    {{ append_new_param_info(param_declaration, comment_info, examples_info, depth) }}
+                {%- else -%}
+                    {%- if comment_info != "<|NONE|>" -%}
+                        {{ "\n" + offset + comment_info }}
+                    {%- endif -%}
+                    {%- if examples_info|length > 0 -%}
+                        {%- for example in examples_info -%}
+                            {{ "\n" + offset + "// " + example|string|replace("'", '"') }}
+                        {%- endfor -%}
+                    {%- endif -%}
+                    {%- set array_declaration = get_array_typescript(param_declaration, param, depth) -%}
+                    {%- if not array_declaration.endswith(",") -%}
+                        {%- set array_declaration = array_declaration + "," -%}
+                    {%- endif -%}
+                    {{ array_declaration}}
+                {%- endif -%}
+            {%- else -%}
+                {%- if "enum" in param -%}
+                    {%- set param_type = get_enum_option_str(param["enum"]) -%}
+                {%- endif -%}
+                {%- if "nullable" in param and param["nullable"] -%}
+                    {%- set param_type = param_type + " | null" -%}
+                {%- endif -%}
+                {%- set param_declaration = param_declaration + ": " + param_type + "," -%}
+                {{ append_new_param_info(param_declaration, comment_info, examples_info, depth) }}
+            {%- endif -%}
+        {%- endif -%}
+    {%- endfor -%}
+{%- endmacro -%}
+
+{%- macro generate_schema_from_functions(functions, namespace='functions') -%}
+    {{ "// Supported function definitions that should be called when necessary.\n" -}}
+    {{- "namespace " + namespace + " {\n\n" -}}
+
+    {%- for function in functions -%}
+        {%- if function.get("function") -%}
+            {%- set function = function.get("function") -%}
+        {%- endif -%}
+
+        {%- set function_name = function.get("name") -%}
+        {%- if function_name -%}
+            {%- set description = function.get('description', '') -%}
+            {%- set parameters = function.get('parameters', {}) -%}
+            {{- "// " + description + "\n" -}}
+            {{- "type " + function_name -}}
+            {%- if parameters and parameters.get("properties") -%}
+                {{- " = (_: {" -}}
+                {%- set required_params = parameters.get("required", []) -%}
+                {{ get_parameter_typescript(parameters.get("properties"), required_params, 0) -}}
+                {{- "\n}) => any;\n\n" }}
+            {%- else -%}
+                {{ " = () => any;\n\n" }}
+            {%- endif -%}
+        {%- endif -%}
+    {%- endfor -%}
+    {{ "} // namespace " + namespace }}
+{%- endmacro -%}
+{%- if not tools -%}
+    {%- set tools = [] -%}
+{%- endif -%}
+{{ bos_token + '<|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|>\n\nYou are capable of executing available function(s) if required.\nOnly execute function(s) when absolutely necessary.\nAsk for the required input to:recipient==all\nUse JSON for function arguments.\nRespond in this format:\n>>>${recipient}\n${content}\nAvailable functions:\n' + generate_schema_from_functions(tools) + '<|eot_id|>' -}}
+{%- if tools|length > 0 and tools|selectattr("type", "equalto", "code_interpreter")|list|length > 0 -%}
+    {{ '<|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|>\n\nWhen you send a message containing Python code to python, it will be executed in a stateful Jupyter notebook environment. python will respond with the output of the execution or time out after 60.0 seconds. The drive at \'/mnt/data\' can be used to save and persist user files.<|eot_id|>' }}
+{%- endif -%}
+{%- for message in messages -%}
+    {%- if message['role'] == 'user' or message['role'] == 'system' -%}
+        {{ '<|start_header_id|>' + message['role'] + '<|end_header_id|>\n\n' + message['content'] + '<|eot_id|>' }}
+    {%- elif message['role'] == 'tool' -%}
+        {{ '<|start_header_id|>' + message['role'] + '<|end_header_id|>\n\n' + message['content'] + '<|eot_id|>' }}
+    {%- else -%}
+        {{ '<|start_header_id|>' + message['role'] + '<|end_header_id|>\n\n'}}
+        {%- if message['content'] -%}
+            {{ '>>>all\n' + message['content'] }}
+        {%- endif -%}
+        {%- if 'tool_calls' in message and message['tool_calls'] -%}
+            {%- for tool_call in message['tool_calls'] -%}
+                {{ '>>>' + tool_call['function']['name'] + '\n' + tool_call['function']['arguments'] }}
+            {%- endfor -%}
+        {%- endif -%}
+        {{ '<|eot_id|>' }}
+    {%- endif -%}
+{%- endfor -%}
+{% if add_generation_prompt %}{{ '<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n>>>' }}{% endif %}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/models/templates/meta-llama-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct.jinja b/models/templates/meta-llama-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct.jinja
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..33089ace1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/templates/meta-llama-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct.jinja
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+{{- bos_token }}
+{%- if custom_tools is defined %}
+    {%- set tools = custom_tools %}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- if not tools_in_user_message is defined %}
+    {%- set tools_in_user_message = true %}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- if not date_string is defined %}
+    {%- set date_string = "26 Jul 2024" %}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- if not tools is defined %}
+    {%- set tools = none %}
+{%- endif %}
+
+{#- This block extracts the system message, so we can slot it into the right place. #}
+{%- if messages[0]['role'] == 'system' %}
+    {%- set system_message = messages[0]['content']|trim %}
+    {%- set messages = messages[1:] %}
+{%- else %}
+    {%- set system_message = "" %}
+{%- endif %}
+
+{#- System message + builtin tools #}
+{{- "<|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|>\n\n" }}
+{%- if builtin_tools is defined or tools is not none %}
+    {{- "Environment: ipython\n" }}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- if builtin_tools is defined %}
+    {{- "Tools: " + builtin_tools | reject('equalto', 'code_interpreter') | join(", ") + "\n\n"}}
+{%- endif %}
+{{- "Cutting Knowledge Date: December 2023\n" }}
+{{- "Today Date: " + date_string + "\n\n" }}
+{%- if tools is not none and not tools_in_user_message %}
+    {{- "You have access to the following functions. To call a function, please respond with JSON for a function call." }}
+    {{- 'Respond in the format {"name": function name, "parameters": dictionary of argument name and its value}.' }}
+    {{- "Do not use variables.\n\n" }}
+    {%- for t in tools %}
+        {{- t | tojson(indent=4) }}
+        {{- "\n\n" }}
+    {%- endfor %}
+{%- endif %}
+{{- system_message }}
+{{- "<|eot_id|>" }}
+
+{#- Custom tools are passed in a user message with some extra guidance #}
+{%- if tools_in_user_message and not tools is none %}
+    {#- Extract the first user message so we can plug it in here #}
+    {%- if messages | length != 0 %}
+        {%- set first_user_message = messages[0]['content']|trim %}
+        {%- set messages = messages[1:] %}
+    {%- else %}
+        {{- raise_exception("Cannot put tools in the first user message when there's no first user message!") }}
+{%- endif %}
+    {{- '<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\n' -}}
+    {{- "Given the following functions, please respond with a JSON for a function call " }}
+    {{- "with its proper arguments that best answers the given prompt.\n\n" }}
+    {{- 'Respond in the format {"name": function name, "parameters": dictionary of argument name and its value}.' }}
+    {{- "Do not use variables.\n\n" }}
+    {%- for t in tools %}
+        {{- t | tojson(indent=4) }}
+        {{- "\n\n" }}
+    {%- endfor %}
+    {{- first_user_message + "<|eot_id|>"}}
+{%- endif %}
+
+{%- for message in messages %}
+    {%- if not (message.role == 'ipython' or message.role == 'tool' or 'tool_calls' in message) %}
+        {{- '<|start_header_id|>' + message['role'] + '<|end_header_id|>\n\n'+ message['content'] | trim + '<|eot_id|>' }}
+    {%- elif 'tool_calls' in message %}
+        {%- if not message.tool_calls|length == 1 %}
+            {{- raise_exception("This model only supports single tool-calls at once!") }}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {%- set tool_call = message.tool_calls[0].function %}
+        {%- if builtin_tools is defined and tool_call.name in builtin_tools %}
+            {{- '<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n' -}}
+            {{- "<|python_tag|>" + tool_call.name + ".call(" }}
+            {%- for arg_name, arg_val in tool_call.arguments | items %}
+                {{- arg_name + '="' + arg_val + '"' }}
+                {%- if not loop.last %}
+                    {{- ", " }}
+                {%- endif %}
+                {%- endfor %}
+            {{- ")" }}
+        {%- else  %}
+            {{- '<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n' -}}
+            {{- '{"name": "' + tool_call.name + '", ' }}
+            {{- '"parameters": ' }}
+            {{- tool_call.arguments | tojson }}
+            {{- "}" }}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {%- if builtin_tools is defined %}
+            {#- This means we're in ipython mode #}
+            {{- "<|eom_id|>" }}
+        {%- else %}
+            {{- "<|eot_id|>" }}
+        {%- endif %}
+    {%- elif message.role == "tool" or message.role == "ipython" %}
+        {{- "<|start_header_id|>ipython<|end_header_id|>\n\n" }}
+        {%- if message.content is mapping or message.content is iterable %}
+            {{- message.content | tojson }}
+        {%- else %}
+            {{- message.content }}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {{- "<|eot_id|>" }}
+    {%- endif %}
+{%- endfor %}
+{%- if add_generation_prompt %}
+    {{- '<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n' }}
+{%- endif %}
diff --git a/models/templates/meta-llama-Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct.jinja b/models/templates/meta-llama-Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct.jinja
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1bad6a0f64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/templates/meta-llama-Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct.jinja
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+{{- bos_token }}
+{%- if custom_tools is defined %}
+    {%- set tools = custom_tools %}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- if not tools_in_user_message is defined %}
+    {%- set tools_in_user_message = true %}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- if not date_string is defined %}
+    {%- if strftime_now is defined %}
+        {%- set date_string = strftime_now("%d %b %Y") %}
+    {%- else %}
+        {%- set date_string = "26 Jul 2024" %}
+    {%- endif %}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- if not tools is defined %}
+    {%- set tools = none %}
+{%- endif %}
+
+{#- This block extracts the system message, so we can slot it into the right place. #}
+{%- if messages[0]['role'] == 'system' %}
+    {%- set system_message = messages[0]['content']|trim %}
+    {%- set messages = messages[1:] %}
+{%- else %}
+    {%- set system_message = "" %}
+{%- endif %}
+
+{#- System message #}
+{{- "<|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|>\n\n" }}
+{%- if tools is not none %}
+    {{- "Environment: ipython\n" }}
+{%- endif %}
+{{- "Cutting Knowledge Date: December 2023\n" }}
+{{- "Today Date: " + date_string + "\n\n" }}
+{%- if tools is not none and not tools_in_user_message %}
+    {{- "You have access to the following functions. To call a function, please respond with JSON for a function call." }}
+    {{- 'Respond in the format {"name": function name, "parameters": dictionary of argument name and its value}.' }}
+    {{- "Do not use variables.\n\n" }}
+    {%- for t in tools %}
+        {{- t | tojson(indent=4) }}
+        {{- "\n\n" }}
+    {%- endfor %}
+{%- endif %}
+{{- system_message }}
+{{- "<|eot_id|>" }}
+
+{#- Custom tools are passed in a user message with some extra guidance #}
+{%- if tools_in_user_message and not tools is none %}
+    {#- Extract the first user message so we can plug it in here #}
+    {%- if messages | length != 0 %}
+        {%- set first_user_message = messages[0]['content']|trim %}
+        {%- set messages = messages[1:] %}
+    {%- else %}
+        {{- raise_exception("Cannot put tools in the first user message when there's no first user message!") }}
+{%- endif %}
+    {{- '<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\n' -}}
+    {{- "Given the following functions, please respond with a JSON for a function call " }}
+    {{- "with its proper arguments that best answers the given prompt.\n\n" }}
+    {{- 'Respond in the format {"name": function name, "parameters": dictionary of argument name and its value}.' }}
+    {{- "Do not use variables.\n\n" }}
+    {%- for t in tools %}
+        {{- t | tojson(indent=4) }}
+        {{- "\n\n" }}
+    {%- endfor %}
+    {{- first_user_message + "<|eot_id|>"}}
+{%- endif %}
+
+{%- for message in messages %}
+    {%- if not (message.role == 'ipython' or message.role == 'tool' or 'tool_calls' in message) %}
+        {{- '<|start_header_id|>' + message['role'] + '<|end_header_id|>\n\n'+ message['content'] | trim + '<|eot_id|>' }}
+    {%- elif 'tool_calls' in message %}
+        {%- if not message.tool_calls|length == 1 %}
+            {{- raise_exception("This model only supports single tool-calls at once!") }}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {%- set tool_call = message.tool_calls[0].function %}
+        {{- '<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n' -}}
+        {{- '{"name": "' + tool_call.name + '", ' }}
+        {{- '"parameters": ' }}
+        {{- tool_call.arguments | tojson }}
+        {{- "}" }}
+        {{- "<|eot_id|>" }}
+    {%- elif message.role == "tool" or message.role == "ipython" %}
+        {{- "<|start_header_id|>ipython<|end_header_id|>\n\n" }}
+        {%- if message.content is mapping or message.content is iterable %}
+            {{- message.content | tojson }}
+        {%- else %}
+            {{- message.content }}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {{- "<|eot_id|>" }}
+    {%- endif %}
+{%- endfor %}
+{%- if add_generation_prompt %}
+    {{- '<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n' }}
+{%- endif %}
diff --git a/models/templates/meta-llama-Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct.jinja b/models/templates/meta-llama-Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct.jinja
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..33089ace1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/templates/meta-llama-Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct.jinja
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+{{- bos_token }}
+{%- if custom_tools is defined %}
+    {%- set tools = custom_tools %}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- if not tools_in_user_message is defined %}
+    {%- set tools_in_user_message = true %}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- if not date_string is defined %}
+    {%- set date_string = "26 Jul 2024" %}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- if not tools is defined %}
+    {%- set tools = none %}
+{%- endif %}
+
+{#- This block extracts the system message, so we can slot it into the right place. #}
+{%- if messages[0]['role'] == 'system' %}
+    {%- set system_message = messages[0]['content']|trim %}
+    {%- set messages = messages[1:] %}
+{%- else %}
+    {%- set system_message = "" %}
+{%- endif %}
+
+{#- System message + builtin tools #}
+{{- "<|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|>\n\n" }}
+{%- if builtin_tools is defined or tools is not none %}
+    {{- "Environment: ipython\n" }}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- if builtin_tools is defined %}
+    {{- "Tools: " + builtin_tools | reject('equalto', 'code_interpreter') | join(", ") + "\n\n"}}
+{%- endif %}
+{{- "Cutting Knowledge Date: December 2023\n" }}
+{{- "Today Date: " + date_string + "\n\n" }}
+{%- if tools is not none and not tools_in_user_message %}
+    {{- "You have access to the following functions. To call a function, please respond with JSON for a function call." }}
+    {{- 'Respond in the format {"name": function name, "parameters": dictionary of argument name and its value}.' }}
+    {{- "Do not use variables.\n\n" }}
+    {%- for t in tools %}
+        {{- t | tojson(indent=4) }}
+        {{- "\n\n" }}
+    {%- endfor %}
+{%- endif %}
+{{- system_message }}
+{{- "<|eot_id|>" }}
+
+{#- Custom tools are passed in a user message with some extra guidance #}
+{%- if tools_in_user_message and not tools is none %}
+    {#- Extract the first user message so we can plug it in here #}
+    {%- if messages | length != 0 %}
+        {%- set first_user_message = messages[0]['content']|trim %}
+        {%- set messages = messages[1:] %}
+    {%- else %}
+        {{- raise_exception("Cannot put tools in the first user message when there's no first user message!") }}
+{%- endif %}
+    {{- '<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\n' -}}
+    {{- "Given the following functions, please respond with a JSON for a function call " }}
+    {{- "with its proper arguments that best answers the given prompt.\n\n" }}
+    {{- 'Respond in the format {"name": function name, "parameters": dictionary of argument name and its value}.' }}
+    {{- "Do not use variables.\n\n" }}
+    {%- for t in tools %}
+        {{- t | tojson(indent=4) }}
+        {{- "\n\n" }}
+    {%- endfor %}
+    {{- first_user_message + "<|eot_id|>"}}
+{%- endif %}
+
+{%- for message in messages %}
+    {%- if not (message.role == 'ipython' or message.role == 'tool' or 'tool_calls' in message) %}
+        {{- '<|start_header_id|>' + message['role'] + '<|end_header_id|>\n\n'+ message['content'] | trim + '<|eot_id|>' }}
+    {%- elif 'tool_calls' in message %}
+        {%- if not message.tool_calls|length == 1 %}
+            {{- raise_exception("This model only supports single tool-calls at once!") }}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {%- set tool_call = message.tool_calls[0].function %}
+        {%- if builtin_tools is defined and tool_call.name in builtin_tools %}
+            {{- '<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n' -}}
+            {{- "<|python_tag|>" + tool_call.name + ".call(" }}
+            {%- for arg_name, arg_val in tool_call.arguments | items %}
+                {{- arg_name + '="' + arg_val + '"' }}
+                {%- if not loop.last %}
+                    {{- ", " }}
+                {%- endif %}
+                {%- endfor %}
+            {{- ")" }}
+        {%- else  %}
+            {{- '<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n' -}}
+            {{- '{"name": "' + tool_call.name + '", ' }}
+            {{- '"parameters": ' }}
+            {{- tool_call.arguments | tojson }}
+            {{- "}" }}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {%- if builtin_tools is defined %}
+            {#- This means we're in ipython mode #}
+            {{- "<|eom_id|>" }}
+        {%- else %}
+            {{- "<|eot_id|>" }}
+        {%- endif %}
+    {%- elif message.role == "tool" or message.role == "ipython" %}
+        {{- "<|start_header_id|>ipython<|end_header_id|>\n\n" }}
+        {%- if message.content is mapping or message.content is iterable %}
+            {{- message.content | tojson }}
+        {%- else %}
+            {{- message.content }}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {{- "<|eot_id|>" }}
+    {%- endif %}
+{%- endfor %}
+{%- if add_generation_prompt %}
+    {{- '<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n' }}
+{%- endif %}
diff --git a/models/templates/microsoft-Phi-3.5-mini-instruct.jinja b/models/templates/microsoft-Phi-3.5-mini-instruct.jinja
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d1533d1526
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/templates/microsoft-Phi-3.5-mini-instruct.jinja
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{% for message in messages %}{% if message['role'] == 'system' and message['content'] %}{{'<|system|>
+' + message['content'] + '<|end|>
+'}}{% elif message['role'] == 'user' %}{{'<|user|>
+' + message['content'] + '<|end|>
+'}}{% elif message['role'] == 'assistant' %}{{'<|assistant|>
+' + message['content'] + '<|end|>
+'}}{% endif %}{% endfor %}{% if add_generation_prompt %}{{ '<|assistant|>
+' }}{% else %}{{ eos_token }}{% endif %}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/models/templates/mistralai-Mistral-Nemo-Instruct-2407.jinja b/models/templates/mistralai-Mistral-Nemo-Instruct-2407.jinja
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c21a3f13e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/templates/mistralai-Mistral-Nemo-Instruct-2407.jinja
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+{%- if messages[0]["role"] == "system" %}
+    {%- set system_message = messages[0]["content"] %}
+    {%- set loop_messages = messages[1:] %}
+{%- else %}
+    {%- set loop_messages = messages %}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- if not tools is defined %}
+    {%- set tools = none %}
+{%- endif %}
+{%- set user_messages = loop_messages | selectattr("role", "equalto", "user") | list %}
+
+{#- This block checks for alternating user/assistant messages, skipping tool calling messages #}
+{%- set ns = namespace() %}
+{%- set ns.index = 0 %}
+{%- for message in loop_messages %}
+    {%- if not (message.role == "tool" or message.role == "tool_results" or (message.tool_calls is defined and message.tool_calls is not none)) %}
+        {%- if (message["role"] == "user") != (ns.index % 2 == 0) %}
+            {{- raise_exception("After the optional system message, conversation roles must alternate user/assistant/user/assistant/...") }}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {%- set ns.index = ns.index + 1 %}
+    {%- endif %}
+{%- endfor %}
+
+{{- bos_token }}
+{%- for message in loop_messages %}
+    {%- if message["role"] == "user" %}
+        {%- if tools is not none and (message == user_messages[-1]) %}
+            {{- "[AVAILABLE_TOOLS][" }}
+            {%- for tool in tools %}
+                {%- set tool = tool.function %}
+                {{- '{"type": "function", "function": {' }}
+                {%- for key, val in tool.items() if key != "return" %}
+                    {%- if val is string %}
+                        {{- '"' + key + '": "' + val + '"' }}
+                    {%- else %}
+                        {{- '"' + key + '": ' + val|tojson }}
+                    {%- endif %}
+                    {%- if not loop.last %}
+                        {{- ", " }}
+                    {%- endif %}
+                {%- endfor %}
+                {{- "}}" }}
+                {%- if not loop.last %}
+                    {{- ", " }}
+                {%- else %}
+                    {{- "]" }}
+                {%- endif %}
+            {%- endfor %}
+            {{- "[/AVAILABLE_TOOLS]" }}
+            {%- endif %}
+        {%- if loop.last and system_message is defined %}
+            {{- "[INST]" + system_message + "\n\n" + message["content"] + "[/INST]" }}
+        {%- else %}
+            {{- "[INST]" + message["content"] + "[/INST]" }}
+        {%- endif %}
+    {%- elif (message.tool_calls is defined and message.tool_calls is not none) %}
+        {{- "[TOOL_CALLS][" }}
+        {%- for tool_call in message.tool_calls %}
+            {%- set out = tool_call.function|tojson %}
+            {{- out[:-1] }}
+            {%- if not tool_call.id is defined or tool_call.id|length != 9 %}
+                {{- raise_exception("Tool call IDs should be alphanumeric strings with length 9!") }}
+            {%- endif %}
+            {{- ', "id": "' + tool_call.id + '"}' }}
+            {%- if not loop.last %}
+                {{- ", " }}
+            {%- else %}
+                {{- "]" + eos_token }}
+            {%- endif %}
+        {%- endfor %}
+    {%- elif message["role"] == "assistant" %}
+        {{- message["content"] + eos_token}}
+    {%- elif message["role"] == "tool_results" or message["role"] == "tool" %}
+        {%- if message.content is defined and message.content.content is defined %}
+            {%- set content = message.content.content %}
+        {%- else %}
+            {%- set content = message.content %}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {{- '[TOOL_RESULTS]{"content": ' + content|string + ", " }}
+        {%- if not message.tool_call_id is defined or message.tool_call_id|length != 9 %}
+            {{- raise_exception("Tool call IDs should be alphanumeric strings with length 9!") }}
+        {%- endif %}
+        {{- '"call_id": "' + message.tool_call_id + '"}[/TOOL_RESULTS]' }}
+    {%- else %}
+        {{- raise_exception("Only user and assistant roles are supported, with the exception of an initial optional system message!") }}
+    {%- endif %}
+{%- endfor %}
diff --git a/scripts/fetch_server_test_models.py b/scripts/fetch_server_test_models.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..05690b1385
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/fetch_server_test_models.py
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+'''
+    This script fetches all the models used in the server tests.
+
+    This is useful for slow tests that use larger models, to avoid them timing out on the model downloads.
+
+    It is meant to be run from the root of the repository.
+
+    Example:
+        python scripts/fetch_server_test_models.py
+        ( cd examples/server/tests && ./tests.sh -v -x -m slow )
+'''
+import ast
+import glob
+import logging
+import os
+from typing import Generator
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from typing import Optional
+import subprocess
+
+
+class HuggingFaceModel(BaseModel):
+    hf_repo: str
+    hf_file: Optional[str] = None
+
+    class Config:
+        frozen = True
+
+
+def collect_hf_model_test_parameters(test_file) -> Generator[HuggingFaceModel, None, None]:
+    try:
+        with open(test_file) as f:
+            tree = ast.parse(f.read())
+    except Exception as e:
+        logging.error(f'collect_hf_model_test_parameters failed on {test_file}: {e}')
+        return
+
+    for node in ast.walk(tree):
+        if isinstance(node, ast.FunctionDef):
+            for dec in node.decorator_list:
+                if isinstance(dec, ast.Call) and isinstance(dec.func, ast.Attribute) and dec.func.attr == 'parametrize':
+                    param_names = ast.literal_eval(dec.args[0]).split(",")
+                    if "hf_repo" not in param_names:
+                        continue
+
+                    raw_param_values = dec.args[1]
+                    if not isinstance(raw_param_values, ast.List):
+                        logging.warning(f'Skipping non-list parametrize entry at {test_file}:{node.lineno}')
+                        continue
+
+                    hf_repo_idx = param_names.index("hf_repo")
+                    hf_file_idx = param_names.index("hf_file") if "hf_file" in param_names else None
+
+                    for t in raw_param_values.elts:
+                        if not isinstance(t, ast.Tuple):
+                            logging.warning(f'Skipping non-tuple parametrize entry at {test_file}:{node.lineno}')
+                            continue
+                        yield HuggingFaceModel(
+                            hf_repo=ast.literal_eval(t.elts[hf_repo_idx]),
+                            hf_file=ast.literal_eval(t.elts[hf_file_idx]) if hf_file_idx is not None else None)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(levelname)s: %(message)s')
+
+    models = sorted(list(set([
+        model
+        for test_file in glob.glob('examples/server/tests/unit/test_*.py')
+        for model in collect_hf_model_test_parameters(test_file)
+    ])), key=lambda m: (m.hf_repo, m.hf_file))
+
+    logging.info(f'Found {len(models)} models in parameterized tests:')
+    for m in models:
+        logging.info(f'  - {m.hf_repo} / {m.hf_file}')
+
+    cli_path = os.environ.get(
+        'LLAMA_SERVER_BIN_PATH',
+        os.path.join(
+            os.path.dirname(__file__),
+            '../build/bin/Release/llama-cli.exe' if os.name == 'nt' else '../build/bin/llama-cli'))
+
+    for m in models:
+        if '<' in m.hf_repo or (m.hf_file is not None and '<' in m.hf_file):
+            continue
+        if m.hf_file is not None and '-of-' in m.hf_file:
+            logging.warning(f'Skipping model at {m.hf_repo} / {m.hf_file} because it is a split file')
+            continue
+        logging.info(f'Using llama-cli to ensure model {m.hf_repo}/{m.hf_file} was fetched')
+        cmd = [
+            cli_path,
+            '-hfr', m.hf_repo,
+            *([] if m.hf_file is None else ['-hff', m.hf_file]),
+            '-n', '1',
+            '-p', 'Hey',
+            '--no-warmup',
+            '--log-disable',
+            '-no-cnv']
+        if m.hf_file != 'tinyllamas/stories260K.gguf' and 'Mistral-Nemo' not in m.hf_repo:
+            cmd.append('-fa')
+        try:
+            subprocess.check_call(cmd)
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+            logging.error(f'Failed to fetch model at {m.hf_repo} / {m.hf_file} with command:\n  {" ".join(cmd)}')
+            exit(1)
diff --git a/scripts/get_chat_template.py b/scripts/get_chat_template.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8982d11ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/get_chat_template.py
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+'''
+  Fetches the Jinja chat template of a HuggingFace model.
+  If a model has multiple chat templates, you can specify the variant name.
+
+  Syntax:
+    ./scripts/get_chat_template.py model_id [variant]
+
+  Examples:
+    ./scripts/get_chat_template.py NousResearch/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct
+    ./scripts/get_chat_template.py NousResearch/Hermes-3-Llama-3.1-8B tool_use
+    ./scripts/get_chat_template.py meta-llama/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct
+'''
+
+import json
+import re
+import sys
+
+
+def get_chat_template(model_id, variant=None):
+    try:
+        # Use huggingface_hub library if available.
+        # Allows access to gated models if the user has access and ran `huggingface-cli login`.
+        from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
+        with open(hf_hub_download(repo_id=model_id, filename="tokenizer_config.json")) as f:
+            config_str = f.read()
+    except ImportError:
+        import requests
+        assert re.match(r"^[\w.-]+/[\w.-]+$", model_id), f"Invalid model ID: {model_id}"
+        response = requests.get(f"https://huggingface.co/{model_id}/resolve/main/tokenizer_config.json")
+        if response.status_code == 401:
+            raise Exception('Access to this model is gated, please request access, authenticate with `huggingface-cli login` and make sure to run `pip install huggingface_hub`')
+        response.raise_for_status()
+        config_str = response.text
+
+    try:
+        config = json.loads(config_str)
+    except json.JSONDecodeError:
+        # Fix https://huggingface.co/NousResearch/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct/blob/main/tokenizer_config.json
+        # (Remove extra '}' near the end of the file)
+        config = json.loads(re.sub(r'\}([\n\s]*\}[\n\s]*\],[\n\s]*"clean_up_tokenization_spaces")', r'\1', config_str))
+
+    chat_template = config['chat_template']
+    if isinstance(chat_template, str):
+        return chat_template
+    else:
+        variants = {
+            ct['name']: ct['template']
+            for ct in chat_template
+        }
+
+        def format_variants():
+            return ', '.join(f'"{v}"' for v in variants.keys())
+
+        if variant is None:
+            if 'default' not in variants:
+                raise Exception(f'Please specify a chat template variant (one of {format_variants()})')
+            variant = 'default'
+            sys.stderr.write(f'Note: picked "default" chat template variant (out of {format_variants()})\n')
+        elif variant not in variants:
+            raise Exception(f"Variant {variant} not found in chat template (found {format_variants()})")
+
+        return variants[variant]
+
+
+def main(args):
+    if len(args) < 1:
+        raise ValueError("Please provide a model ID and an optional variant name")
+    model_id = args[0]
+    variant = None if len(args) < 2 else args[1]
+
+    template = get_chat_template(model_id, variant)
+    sys.stdout.write(template)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/scripts/sync-ggml.last b/scripts/sync-ggml.last
index cfba59d326..ddb9d817e3 100644
--- a/scripts/sync-ggml.last
+++ b/scripts/sync-ggml.last
@@ -1 +1 @@
-d92321c0d151fe73a47d89738c7c3091ac904297
+32f0b85987396945afea2291d5f4c5862434292b
diff --git a/src/CMakeLists.txt b/src/CMakeLists.txt
index aeb75bf3e6..e1b02e4c08 100644
--- a/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ add_library(llama
             unicode-data.cpp
             )
 
-target_include_directories(llama PUBLIC . ../include)
+target_include_directories(llama PUBLIC . ../include ../common)
 target_compile_features   (llama PUBLIC cxx_std_17) # don't bump
 
 target_link_libraries(llama PUBLIC ggml)
diff --git a/src/llama-arch.cpp b/src/llama-arch.cpp
index d7d277e729..a7260f495d 100644
--- a/src/llama-arch.cpp
+++ b/src/llama-arch.cpp
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ static const std::map<llm_kv, const char *> LLM_KV_NAMES = {
     { LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_HF_JSON,              "tokenizer.huggingface.json"              },
     { LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_RWKV,                 "tokenizer.rwkv.world"                    },
     { LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_CHAT_TEMPLATE,        "tokenizer.chat_template"                 },
+    { LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_CHAT_TEMPLATE_N,      "tokenizer.chat_template.%s"              },
     { LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_FIM_PRE_ID,           "tokenizer.ggml.fim_pre_token_id"         },
     { LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_FIM_SUF_ID,           "tokenizer.ggml.fim_suf_token_id"         },
     { LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_FIM_MID_ID,           "tokenizer.ggml.fim_mid_token_id"         },
@@ -1443,10 +1444,11 @@ static const std::map<llm_tensor, llm_tensor_info> LLM_TENSOR_INFOS = {
     {LLM_TENSOR_CONVNEXT_GAMMA,             {LLM_TENSOR_LAYER_REPEATING, GGML_OP_MUL}},
 };
 
-LLM_KV::LLM_KV(llm_arch arch) : arch(arch) {}
+LLM_KV::LLM_KV(llm_arch arch, const char * suffix) : arch(arch), suffix(suffix) {}
 
 std::string LLM_KV::operator()(llm_kv kv) const {
-    return ::format(LLM_KV_NAMES.at(kv), LLM_ARCH_NAMES.at(arch));
+    return suffix ? ::format(LLM_KV_NAMES.at(kv), LLM_ARCH_NAMES.at(arch), suffix)
+        : ::format(LLM_KV_NAMES.at(kv), LLM_ARCH_NAMES.at(arch));
 }
 
 std::string LLM_TN_IMPL::str() const {
diff --git a/src/llama-arch.h b/src/llama-arch.h
index 3498447904..122fdcebe0 100644
--- a/src/llama-arch.h
+++ b/src/llama-arch.h
@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@ enum llm_kv {
     LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_HF_JSON,
     LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_RWKV,
     LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_CHAT_TEMPLATE,
+    LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_CHAT_TEMPLATE_N,
     LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_FIM_PRE_ID,
     LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_FIM_SUF_ID,
     LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_FIM_MID_ID,
@@ -335,9 +336,10 @@ enum llm_tensor_layer {
 };
 
 struct LLM_KV {
-    LLM_KV(llm_arch arch);
+    LLM_KV(llm_arch arch, const char * suffix = nullptr);
 
     llm_arch arch;
+    const char * suffix;
 
     std::string operator()(llm_kv kv) const;
 };
diff --git a/src/llama-chat.cpp b/src/llama-chat.cpp
index 1347ec1560..5c19bab249 100644
--- a/src/llama-chat.cpp
+++ b/src/llama-chat.cpp
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ llm_chat_template llm_chat_detect_template(const std::string & tmpl) {
         return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_MINICPM;
     } else if (tmpl_contains("'Assistant: ' + message['content'] + eos_token")) {
         return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_DEEPSEEK_2;
-    } else if (tmpl_contains(LU8("'<｜Assistant｜>' + message['content'] + '<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>'"))) {
+    } else if (tmpl_contains(LU8("<｜Assistant｜>")) && tmpl_contains(LU8("<｜User｜>")) && tmpl_contains(LU8("<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>"))) {
         return LLM_CHAT_TEMPLATE_DEEPSEEK_3;
     } else if (tmpl_contains("[|system|]") && tmpl_contains("[|assistant|]") && tmpl_contains("[|endofturn|]")) {
         // ref: https://huggingface.co/LGAI-EXAONE/EXAONE-3.0-7.8B-Instruct/discussions/8#66bae61b1893d14ee8ed85bb
diff --git a/src/llama-grammar.cpp b/src/llama-grammar.cpp
index bebe4e9a32..6be5cbe0e7 100644
--- a/src/llama-grammar.cpp
+++ b/src/llama-grammar.cpp
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ bool llama_grammar_parser::parse(const char * src) {
             }
         }
     } catch (const std::exception & err) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: error parsing grammar: %s\n", __func__, err.what());
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: error parsing grammar: %s\n\n%s\n", __func__, err.what(), src);
         rules.clear();
         return false;
     }
@@ -960,10 +960,28 @@ struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_init_impl(
     // Important: vec_rules has to be moved here, not copied, because stacks contains
     // pointers to elements of vec_rules. If vec_rules were copied into llama_grammar
     // then the pointers would be invalidated when the local vec_rules goes out of scope.
-    return new llama_grammar { vocab, std::move(vec_rules), std::move(stacks), {}, };
+    return new llama_grammar {
+        vocab,
+        std::move(vec_rules),
+        std::move(stacks),
+        /* .partial_utf8 = */     {},
+        /* .lazy =*/              false,
+        /* .awaiting_trigger = */ false,
+        /* .trigger_buffer = */   "",
+        /* .trigger_tokens   = */ {},
+        /* .trigger_words    = */ {},
+    };
 }
 
-struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_init_impl(const struct llama_vocab * vocab, const char * grammar_str, const char * grammar_root) {
+struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_init_impl(
+        const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
+                      const char * grammar_str,
+                      const char * grammar_root,
+                              bool lazy,
+                     const char ** trigger_words,
+                            size_t num_trigger_words,
+               const llama_token * trigger_tokens,
+                            size_t num_trigger_tokens) {
     llama_grammar_parser parser;
 
     // if there is a grammar, parse it
@@ -1035,10 +1053,31 @@ struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_init_impl(const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
         }
     } while (true);
 
+    std::vector<llama_token>    vec_trigger_tokens;
+    std::vector<std::string> vec_trigger_words;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_trigger_tokens; i++) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(trigger_tokens != nullptr);
+        vec_trigger_tokens.push_back(trigger_tokens[i]);
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_trigger_words; i++) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(trigger_words != nullptr);
+        vec_trigger_words.push_back(trigger_words[i]);
+    }
+
     // Important: vec_rules has to be moved here, not copied, because stacks contains
     // pointers to elements of vec_rules. If vec_rules were copied into llama_grammar
     // then the pointers would be invalidated when the local vec_rules goes out of scope.
-    return new llama_grammar { vocab, std::move(vec_rules), std::move(stacks), {}, };
+    return new llama_grammar {
+        vocab,
+        std::move(vec_rules),
+        std::move(stacks),
+        /* .partial_utf8 = */     {},
+        /* .lazy = */             lazy,
+        /* .awaiting_trigger = */ lazy,
+        /* .trigger_buffer = */   "",
+        std::move(vec_trigger_tokens),
+        std::move(vec_trigger_words),
+    };
 }
 
 void llama_grammar_free_impl(struct llama_grammar * grammar) {
@@ -1055,6 +1094,11 @@ struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_clone_impl(const struct llama_grammar & gra
         grammar.rules,
         grammar.stacks,
         grammar.partial_utf8,
+        grammar.lazy,
+        grammar.awaiting_trigger,
+        grammar.trigger_buffer,
+        grammar.trigger_tokens,
+        grammar.trigger_words,
     };
 
     // redirect elements in stacks to point to new rules
@@ -1076,6 +1120,10 @@ struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_clone_impl(const struct llama_grammar & gra
 void llama_grammar_apply_impl(const struct llama_grammar & grammar, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
     GGML_ASSERT(grammar.vocab != nullptr);
 
+    if (grammar.awaiting_trigger) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     bool allow_eog = false;
     for (const auto & stack : grammar.stacks) {
         if (stack.empty()) {
@@ -1115,6 +1163,34 @@ void llama_grammar_apply_impl(const struct llama_grammar & grammar, llama_token_
 void llama_grammar_accept_impl(struct llama_grammar & grammar, llama_token token) {
     GGML_ASSERT(grammar.vocab != nullptr);
 
+    const auto & piece = grammar.vocab->token_to_piece(token);
+
+    if (grammar.awaiting_trigger) {
+        if (std::find(grammar.trigger_tokens.begin(), grammar.trigger_tokens.end(), token) != grammar.trigger_tokens.end()) {
+            grammar.awaiting_trigger = false;
+            grammar.trigger_buffer.clear();
+            llama_grammar_accept_str(grammar, piece);
+            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("Grammar triggered on token %u (`%s`)", token, piece.c_str());
+            return;
+        } else {
+            // TODO: consider a smarter incremental substring search algorithm (store last position to search from).
+            grammar.trigger_buffer += piece;
+            for (const auto & word : grammar.trigger_words) {
+                auto pos = grammar.trigger_buffer.find(word);
+                if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+                    grammar.awaiting_trigger = false;
+                    auto constrained_str = grammar.trigger_buffer.substr(pos);
+                    grammar.trigger_buffer.clear();
+                    llama_grammar_accept_str(grammar, constrained_str);
+                    LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("Grammar triggered on word `%s`", word.c_str());
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("Grammar still awaiting trigger after token %d (`%s`) (buffer: `%s`)\n", token, piece.c_str(), grammar.trigger_buffer.c_str());
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
     if (grammar.vocab->is_eog(token)) {
         for (const auto & stack : grammar.stacks) {
             if (stack.empty()) {
@@ -1124,8 +1200,10 @@ void llama_grammar_accept_impl(struct llama_grammar & grammar, llama_token token
         GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
     }
 
-    const std::string & piece = grammar.vocab->token_to_piece(token);
+    llama_grammar_accept_str(grammar, piece);
+}
 
+void llama_grammar_accept_str(struct llama_grammar & grammar, const std::string & piece) {
     // Note terminating 0 in decoded string
     const auto   decoded     = decode_utf8(piece, grammar.partial_utf8);
     const auto & code_points = decoded.first;
diff --git a/src/llama-grammar.h b/src/llama-grammar.h
index f8b40c6515..252d54d4c9 100644
--- a/src/llama-grammar.h
+++ b/src/llama-grammar.h
@@ -114,6 +114,15 @@ struct llama_grammar {
 
     // buffer for partially generated UTF-8 sequence from accepted tokens
     llama_partial_utf8 partial_utf8;
+
+    // lazy grammars wait for trigger words or tokens before constraining the sampling.
+    // we still ahve trigger_tokens for non-lazy grammars to force printing of special trigger tokens.
+    // (useful e.g. for tool_choice=required)
+    bool                     lazy             = false;
+    bool                     awaiting_trigger = false; // Initialized to true for lazy grammars only
+    std::string              trigger_buffer;           // Output buffered by lazy grammar. Will be cleared once trigger is found.
+    std::vector<llama_token> trigger_tokens;           // Tokens that trigger a lazy grammar, or tokens to force printing of (even if special).
+    std::vector<std::string> trigger_words;
 };
 
 //
@@ -127,7 +136,15 @@ struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_init_impl(
         size_t n_rules,
         size_t start_rule_index);
 
-struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_init_impl(const struct llama_vocab * vocab, const char * grammar_str, const char * grammar_root);
+struct llama_grammar * llama_grammar_init_impl(
+        const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
+                      const char * grammar_str,
+                      const char * grammar_root,
+                              bool lazy,
+                     const char ** trigger_words,
+                            size_t num_trigger_words,
+               const llama_token * trigger_tokens,
+                            size_t num_trigger_tokens);
 
 void llama_grammar_free_impl(struct llama_grammar * grammar);
 
@@ -141,3 +158,7 @@ void llama_grammar_apply_impl(
 void llama_grammar_accept_impl(
               struct llama_grammar & grammar,
                        llama_token   token);
+
+void llama_grammar_accept_str(
+              struct llama_grammar & grammar,
+                 const std::string & piece);
diff --git a/src/llama-mmap.cpp b/src/llama-mmap.cpp
index 57c6e4f510..b716630a8c 100644
--- a/src/llama-mmap.cpp
+++ b/src/llama-mmap.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <climits>
 #include <stdexcept>
+#include <cerrno>
 
 #ifdef __has_include
     #if __has_include(<unistd.h>)
diff --git a/src/llama-model-loader.cpp b/src/llama-model-loader.cpp
index 75073bf610..05d58ad90e 100644
--- a/src/llama-model-loader.cpp
+++ b/src/llama-model-loader.cpp
@@ -819,7 +819,7 @@ void llama_model_loader::init_mappings(bool prefetch, llama_mlocks * mlock_mmaps
         for (const auto & file : files) {
             auto * reg = ggml_backend_dev_backend_reg(ggml_backend_dev_by_type(GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU));
             auto * is_numa_fn = (decltype(ggml_is_numa) *) ggml_backend_reg_get_proc_address(reg, "ggml_backend_cpu_is_numa");
-            std::unique_ptr<llama_mmap> mapping(new llama_mmap(file.get(), prefetch ? -1 : 0, is_numa_fn()));
+            std::unique_ptr<llama_mmap> mapping = std::make_unique<llama_mmap>(file.get(), prefetch ? -1 : 0, is_numa_fn());
             mmaps_used.emplace_back(mapping->size(), 0);
             if (mlock_mmaps) {
                 std::unique_ptr<llama_mlock> mlock_mmap(new llama_mlock());
diff --git a/src/llama-model.cpp b/src/llama-model.cpp
index c2d23a8d3a..18bd0b071b 100644
--- a/src/llama-model.cpp
+++ b/src/llama-model.cpp
@@ -1303,10 +1303,12 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
     const int act_gpu_layers = devices.empty() ? 0 : std::min(n_gpu_layers, (int)n_layer + 1);
     auto get_layer_buft_list = [&](int il) -> llama_model::impl::layer_dev {
         if (il < i_gpu_start || (il - i_gpu_start) >= act_gpu_layers) {
+            LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("load_tensors: layer %3d assigned to device %s\n", il, ggml_backend_dev_name(cpu_dev));
             return {cpu_dev, &pimpl->cpu_buft_list};
         }
         const int layer_gpu = std::upper_bound(splits.begin(), splits.begin() + n_devices(), float(il - i_gpu_start)/act_gpu_layers) - splits.begin();
         auto * dev = devices.at(layer_gpu);
+        LLAMA_LOG_DEBUG("load_tensors: layer %3d assigned to device %s\n", il, ggml_backend_dev_name(dev));
         return {dev, &pimpl->gpu_buft_list.at(dev)};
     };
 
@@ -2203,6 +2205,50 @@ bool llama_model::load_tensors(llama_model_loader & ml) {
                         layer.rope_short = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_SHORT, "weight", i), { n_embd_head/2 }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | (i != 0 ? TENSOR_DUPLICATED : 0));
                     }
                 } break;
+            case LLM_ARCH_PHIMOE:
+                {
+                    const int64_t n_embd_head = n_embd / n_head;
+
+                    tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), { n_embd, n_vocab }, 0);
+
+                    // output
+                    output_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "weight"), { n_embd }, 0);
+                    output_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT_NORM, "bias"),   {n_embd}, 0);
+                    output        = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "weight"), { n_embd, n_vocab }, 0);
+                    output_b      = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_OUTPUT,      "bias"),   { n_vocab }, 0);
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < n_layer; ++i) {
+                        auto & layer = layers[i];
+
+                        layer.attn_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, 0);
+                        layer.attn_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, "bias",   i), { n_embd }, 0);
+
+                        layer.wqkv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_QKV, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd + 2 * n_embd_gqa }, llama_model_loader::TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED);
+                        if (layer.wqkv == nullptr) {
+                            layer.wq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd}, 0);
+                            layer.bq = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_Q, "bias",   i), {n_embd}, 0);
+
+                            layer.wk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                            layer.bk = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_K, "bias",   i), {n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+
+                            layer.wv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                            layer.bv = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V, "bias",   i), {n_embd_gqa}, 0);
+                        }
+                        layer.wo   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "weight", i), { n_embd, n_embd }, 0);
+                        layer.bo   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, "bias",   i), { n_embd }, 0);
+
+                        layer.ffn_norm   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "weight", i), { n_embd }, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_norm_b = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, "bias",   i), { n_embd }, 0);
+
+                        layer.ffn_gate_inp  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_INP,  "weight", i), {n_embd, n_expert},         0);
+                        layer.ffn_gate_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff,   n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_down_exps = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN_EXPS, "weight", i), {n_ff,   n_embd, n_expert}, 0);
+                        layer.ffn_up_exps   = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP_EXPS,   "weight", i), {n_embd, n_ff,   n_expert}, 0);
+
+                        layer.rope_long  = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_LONG,  "weight", i), { n_embd_head/2 }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | (i != 0 ? TENSOR_DUPLICATED : 0));
+                        layer.rope_short = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_ROPE_FACTORS_SHORT, "weight", i), { n_embd_head/2 }, TENSOR_NOT_REQUIRED | (i != 0 ? TENSOR_DUPLICATED : 0));
+                     }
+                } break;
             case LLM_ARCH_PLAMO:
                 {
                     tok_embd = create_tensor(tn(LLM_TENSOR_TOKEN_EMBD, "weight"), {n_embd, n_vocab}, 0);
@@ -3911,8 +3957,10 @@ uint64_t llama_model_size(const struct llama_model * model) {
     return model->size();
 }
 
-const char * llama_model_chat_template(const struct llama_model * model) {
-    const auto & it = model->gguf_kv.find(LLM_KV(model->arch)(LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_CHAT_TEMPLATE));
+const char * llama_model_chat_template(const struct llama_model * model, const char * name) {
+    const auto key = name ? LLM_KV(model->arch, name)(LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_CHAT_TEMPLATE_N)
+        : LLM_KV(model->arch)(LLM_KV_TOKENIZER_CHAT_TEMPLATE);
+    const auto & it = model->gguf_kv.find(key);
     if (it == model->gguf_kv.end()) {
         return nullptr;
     }
diff --git a/src/llama-sampling.cpp b/src/llama-sampling.cpp
index b3a12386e8..26974f5396 100644
--- a/src/llama-sampling.cpp
+++ b/src/llama-sampling.cpp
@@ -1433,13 +1433,30 @@ static void llama_sampler_grammar_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token
     }
 }
 
+// Fwd declare to break reset --> init_impl --> llama_sampler_grammar_i --> reset cycle.
+static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_grammar_impl(
+        const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
+                      const char * grammar_str,
+                      const char * grammar_root,
+                              bool lazy,
+                     const char ** trigger_words,
+                            size_t num_trigger_words,
+               const llama_token * trigger_tokens,
+                            size_t num_trigger_tokens);
+
 static void llama_sampler_grammar_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
     auto * ctx = (llama_sampler_grammar *) smpl->ctx;
     if (!ctx->grammar) {
         return;
     }
 
-    auto * grammar_new = llama_grammar_init_impl(ctx->grammar->vocab, ctx->grammar_str.c_str(), ctx->grammar_root.c_str());
+    std::vector<const char *>  trigger_words;
+    for (auto & word : ctx->grammar->trigger_words) {
+        trigger_words.push_back(word.c_str());
+    }
+    auto * grammar_new = llama_grammar_init_impl(ctx->grammar->vocab, ctx->grammar_str.c_str(), ctx->grammar_root.c_str(),
+                                                 ctx->grammar->lazy, trigger_words.data(), trigger_words.size(),
+                                                 ctx->grammar->trigger_tokens.data(), ctx->grammar->trigger_tokens.size());
 
     llama_grammar_free_impl(ctx->grammar);
     ctx->grammar = grammar_new;
@@ -1448,7 +1465,7 @@ static void llama_sampler_grammar_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
 static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_grammar_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
     const auto * ctx = (const llama_sampler_grammar *) smpl->ctx;
 
-    auto * result = llama_sampler_init_grammar(ctx->vocab, nullptr, nullptr);
+    auto * result = llama_sampler_init_grammar_impl(ctx->vocab, nullptr, nullptr, false, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0);
 
     // copy the state
     {
@@ -1484,7 +1501,15 @@ static struct llama_sampler_i llama_sampler_grammar_i = {
     /* .free   = */ llama_sampler_grammar_free,
 };
 
-struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_grammar(const struct llama_vocab * vocab, const char * grammar_str, const char * grammar_root) {
+static struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_grammar_impl(
+        const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
+                      const char * grammar_str,
+                      const char * grammar_root,
+                              bool lazy,
+                     const char ** trigger_words,
+                            size_t num_trigger_words,
+               const llama_token * trigger_tokens,
+                            size_t num_trigger_tokens) {
     auto * ctx = new llama_sampler_grammar;
 
     if (grammar_str != nullptr && grammar_str[0] != '\0') {
@@ -1492,7 +1517,7 @@ struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_grammar(const struct llama_vocab * voc
             /* .vocab        = */ vocab,
             /* .grammar_str  = */ grammar_str,
             /* .grammar_root = */ grammar_root,
-            /* .grammar      = */ llama_grammar_init_impl(vocab, grammar_str, grammar_root),
+            /* .grammar      = */ llama_grammar_init_impl(vocab, grammar_str, grammar_root, lazy, trigger_words, num_trigger_words, trigger_tokens, num_trigger_tokens),
         };
     } else {
         *ctx = {
@@ -1509,6 +1534,24 @@ struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_grammar(const struct llama_vocab * voc
     };
 }
 
+struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_grammar(
+        const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
+                      const char * grammar_str,
+                      const char * grammar_root) {
+    return llama_sampler_init_grammar_impl(vocab, grammar_str, grammar_root, /* lazy= */ false, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0);
+}
+
+struct llama_sampler * llama_sampler_init_grammar_lazy(
+        const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
+                      const char * grammar_str,
+                      const char * grammar_root,
+                     const char ** trigger_words,
+                            size_t num_trigger_words,
+               const llama_token * trigger_tokens,
+                            size_t num_trigger_tokens) {
+    return llama_sampler_init_grammar_impl(vocab, grammar_str, grammar_root, /* lazy= */ true, trigger_words, num_trigger_words, trigger_tokens, num_trigger_tokens);
+}
+
 // penalties
 
 struct llama_sampler_penalties {
diff --git a/src/llama-vocab.cpp b/src/llama-vocab.cpp
index 9a680aed4d..ad9ffe66aa 100644
--- a/src/llama-vocab.cpp
+++ b/src/llama-vocab.cpp
@@ -1245,8 +1245,13 @@ struct llama_vocab::impl {
 
     std::vector<llama_token> cache_special_tokens;
     std::vector<std::string> cache_token_to_piece; // llama_token_to_piece(special = true);
-
-    std::map<std::pair<std::string, std::string>, int> bpe_ranks;
+    struct pair_hash {
+        size_t operator()(const std::pair<std::string, std::string> & p) const {
+            return std::hash<std::string>{}(p.first) ^  //create some hash for pair
+                   (std::hash<std::string>{}(p.second) << 1);
+        }
+    };
+    std::unordered_map<std::pair<std::string, std::string>, int, pair_hash> bpe_ranks;
 
     // set of all tokens that cause "end of generation"
     std::set<llama_token> special_eog_ids;
@@ -1523,7 +1528,8 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
                 pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_COMMAND_R;
                 clean_spaces = false;
             } else if (
-                tokenizer_pre == "qwen2") {
+                    tokenizer_pre == "qwen2" ||
+                    tokenizer_pre == "deepseek-r1-qwen") {
                 pre_type = LLAMA_VOCAB_PRE_TYPE_QWEN2;
                 clean_spaces = false;
             } else if (
@@ -1686,7 +1692,7 @@ void llama_vocab::impl::load(llama_model_loader & ml, const LLM_KV & kv) {
         GGML_ASSERT(!ids.empty() && "model vocab missing newline token");
         linefeed_id = ids[0];
     } else {
-        const std::vector<int> ids = tokenize("\xC4\x8A", false); // U+010A
+        const std::vector<int> ids = tokenize("\n", false);
 
         //GGML_ASSERT(!ids.empty() && "model vocab missing newline token");
         if (ids.empty()) {
diff --git a/src/llama.cpp b/src/llama.cpp
index e8cfe50128..192b20a27e 100644
--- a/src/llama.cpp
+++ b/src/llama.cpp
@@ -7700,17 +7700,13 @@ struct llm_build_context {
                 1
             );
 
+            struct ggml_tensor * last_norm_att = ggml_view_3d(ctx0, x_norm_att, n_embd, 1, n_seqs, x_norm_att->nb[1], x_norm_att->nb[2], (n_seq_tokens-1)*n_embd*ggml_element_size(x_norm_att));
             ggml_build_forward_expand(
                 gf,
                 ggml_cpy(
                     ctx0,
-                    wkv_states,
-                    ggml_view_1d(
-                        ctx0,
-                        kv_self.v_l[il],
-                        hparams.n_embd_v_s() * n_seqs,
-                        hparams.n_embd_v_s() * kv_head * ggml_element_size(kv_self.v_l[il])
-                    )
+                    ggml_view_1d(ctx0, last_norm_att, n_embd * n_seqs, 0),
+                    ggml_view_1d(ctx0, kv_self.k_l[il], hparams.n_embd_k_s() * n_seqs, hparams.n_embd_k_s() * kv_head * ggml_element_size(kv_self.k_l[il]))
                 )
             );
 
@@ -8432,13 +8428,141 @@ static enum ggml_status llama_graph_compute(
     return status;
 }
 
+static int llama_prepare_sbatch(
+        llama_context     & lctx,
+        const llama_batch & batch,
+        uint32_t          & n_outputs) {
+    const auto & model   = lctx.model;
+    const auto & hparams = model.hparams;
+    const auto & cparams = lctx.cparams;
+
+    const uint32_t n_tokens_all = batch.n_tokens;
+    const  int64_t n_embd       = hparams.n_embd;
+
+    // this indicates we are doing pooled embedding, so we ignore batch.logits and output all tokens
+    const bool embd_pooled = cparams.embeddings && cparams.pooling_type != LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_NONE;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT((!batch.token && batch.embd) || (batch.token && !batch.embd)); // NOLINT
+    if (batch.token) {
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_tokens_all; ++i) {
+            if (batch.token[i] < 0 || uint32_t(batch.token[i]) >= model.vocab.n_tokens()) {
+                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: invalid token[%d] = %d\n", __func__, i, batch.token[i]);
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    GGML_ASSERT(n_tokens_all <= cparams.n_batch);
+    GGML_ASSERT((cparams.causal_attn || cparams.n_ubatch >= n_tokens_all) && "non-causal attention requires n_ubatch >= n_tokens");
+
+    lctx.n_queued_tokens += n_tokens_all;
+    lctx.embd_seq.clear();
+
+    // count outputs
+    if (batch.logits && !embd_pooled) {
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_tokens_all; ++i) {
+            n_outputs += batch.logits[i] != 0;
+        }
+    } else if (lctx.logits_all || embd_pooled) {
+        n_outputs = n_tokens_all;
+    } else {
+        // keep last output only
+        n_outputs = 1;
+    }
+
+    lctx.sbatch.from_batch(batch, n_embd,
+        /* simple_split */ !lctx.kv_self.recurrent,
+        /* logits_all   */ n_outputs == n_tokens_all);
+
+    // reserve output buffer
+    if (llama_output_reserve(lctx, n_outputs) < n_outputs) {
+        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: could not reserve space for batch with %u outputs\n", __func__, n_outputs);
+        return -2;
+    };
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int llama_prepare_ubatch(
+        llama_context          & lctx,
+        llama_kv_slot_restorer & kv_slot_restorer,
+        llama_ubatch           & ubatch,
+        const uint32_t           n_outputs,
+        const uint32_t           n_tokens_all) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(lctx.sbatch.n_tokens > 0);
+
+    auto       & kv_self = lctx.kv_self;
+    const auto & cparams = lctx.cparams;
+    const auto & hparams = lctx.model.hparams;
+
+    // this indicates we are doing pooled embedding, so we ignore batch.logits and output all tokens
+    const bool embd_pooled = cparams.embeddings && cparams.pooling_type != LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_NONE;
+
+    if (lctx.kv_self.recurrent) {
+        if (embd_pooled) {
+            // Pooled embeddings cannot be split across ubatches (yet)
+            ubatch = lctx.sbatch.split_seq(cparams.n_ubatch);
+        } else {
+            // recurrent model architectures are easier to implement
+            // with equal-length sequences
+            ubatch = lctx.sbatch.split_equal(cparams.n_ubatch);
+        }
+    } else {
+        ubatch = lctx.sbatch.split_simple(cparams.n_ubatch);
+    }
+
+    // count the outputs in this u_batch
+    {
+        int32_t n_outputs_new = 0;
+
+        if (n_outputs == n_tokens_all) {
+            n_outputs_new = ubatch.n_tokens;
+        } else {
+            GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.output);
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ubatch.n_tokens; i++) {
+                n_outputs_new += int32_t(ubatch.output[i] != 0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // needs to happen before the graph is built
+        lctx.n_outputs = n_outputs_new;
+    }
+
+    // non-causal masks do not use the KV cache
+    if (hparams.causal_attn) {
+        llama_kv_cache_update(&lctx);
+
+        // if we have enough unused cells before the current head ->
+        //   better to start searching from the beginning of the cache, hoping to fill it
+        if (kv_self.head > kv_self.used + 2*ubatch.n_tokens) {
+            kv_self.head = 0;
+        }
+
+        const auto slot = llama_kv_cache_find_slot(kv_self, ubatch);
+        if (!slot) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        kv_slot_restorer.save(slot);
+
+        if (!kv_self.recurrent) {
+            // a heuristic, to avoid attending the full cache if it is not yet utilized
+            // after enough generations, the benefit from this heuristic disappears
+            // if we start defragmenting the cache, the benefit from this will be more important
+            const uint32_t pad = llama_kv_cache_get_padding(cparams);
+            kv_self.n = std::min(kv_self.size, std::max(pad, GGML_PAD(llama_kv_cache_cell_max(kv_self), pad)));
+            //kv_self.n = llama_kv_cache_cell_max(kv_self);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
 // decode a batch of tokens by evaluating the transformer
 // in case of unsuccessful decoding (error or warning),
 // the kv_cache state will be returned to its original state
 // (for non-recurrent models) or cleaned (for recurrent models)
 //
 //   - lctx:      llama context
-//   - batch:     batch to evaluate
+//   - inp_batch: batch to evaluate
 //
 // return 0 on success
 // return positive int on warning
@@ -8455,37 +8579,18 @@ static int llama_decode_impl(
         return -1;
     }
 
-    // temporary allocate memory for the input batch if needed
+    // temporarily allocate memory for the input batch if needed
     llama_batch_allocr batch_allocr(inp_batch, inp_batch.pos ? -1 : lctx.kv_self.max_pos() + 1);
-
     const llama_batch & batch = batch_allocr.batch;
-    const uint32_t n_tokens_all = batch.n_tokens;
 
     const auto & model   = lctx.model;
     const auto & vocab   = model.vocab;
     const auto & hparams = model.hparams;
     const auto & cparams = lctx.cparams;
 
-    GGML_ASSERT((!batch.token && batch.embd) || (batch.token && !batch.embd)); // NOLINT
-
-    if (batch.token) {
-        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_tokens_all; ++i) {
-            if (batch.token[i] < 0 || (uint32_t) batch.token[i] >= model.vocab.n_tokens()) {
-                LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: invalid token[%d] = %d\n", __func__, i, batch.token[i]);
-                return -1;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    GGML_ASSERT(n_tokens_all <= cparams.n_batch);
-
-    GGML_ASSERT((cparams.causal_attn || cparams.n_ubatch >= n_tokens_all) && "non-causal attention requires n_ubatch >= n_tokens");
-
     if (lctx.t_compute_start_us == 0) {
         lctx.t_compute_start_us = ggml_time_us();
     }
-    lctx.n_queued_tokens += n_tokens_all;
-
     auto & kv_self = lctx.kv_self;
     llama_kv_slot_restorer kv_slot_restorer(kv_self);
 
@@ -8495,99 +8600,27 @@ static int llama_decode_impl(
     uint32_t n_outputs = 0;
     uint32_t n_outputs_prev = 0;
 
-    const auto n_ubatch = cparams.n_ubatch;
-
-    // this indicates we are doing pooled embedding, so we ignore batch.logits and output all tokens
-    const bool embd_pooled = cparams.embeddings && cparams.pooling_type != LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_NONE;
-
-    lctx.embd_seq.clear();
-
-    // count outputs
-    if (batch.logits && !embd_pooled) {
-        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_tokens_all; ++i) {
-            n_outputs += batch.logits[i] != 0;
+    {
+        const int ret = llama_prepare_sbatch(lctx, batch, n_outputs);
+        if (ret != 0) {
+            return ret;
         }
-    } else if (lctx.logits_all || embd_pooled) {
-        n_outputs = n_tokens_all;
-    } else {
-        // keep last output only
-        n_outputs = 1;
     }
 
-    lctx.sbatch.from_batch(batch, n_embd,
-        /* simple_split */ !kv_self.recurrent,
-        /* logits_all   */ n_outputs == n_tokens_all);
-
-    // reserve output buffer
-    if (llama_output_reserve(lctx, n_outputs) < n_outputs) {
-        LLAMA_LOG_ERROR("%s: could not reserve space for batch with %u outputs\n", __func__, n_outputs);
-        return -2;
-    };
-
     while (lctx.sbatch.n_tokens > 0) {
         llama_ubatch ubatch;
-        if (kv_self.recurrent) {
-            if (embd_pooled) {
-                // Pooled embeddings cannot be split across ubatches (yet)
-                ubatch = lctx.sbatch.split_seq(n_ubatch);
-            } else {
-                // recurrent model architectures are easier to implement
-                // with equal-length sequences
-                ubatch = lctx.sbatch.split_equal(n_ubatch);
-            }
-        } else {
-            ubatch = lctx.sbatch.split_simple(n_ubatch);
-        }
-        const uint32_t n_tokens = ubatch.n_tokens;
-
-        // count the outputs in this u_batch
         {
-            int32_t n_outputs_new = 0;
-
-            if (n_outputs == n_tokens_all) {
-                n_outputs_new = n_tokens;
-            } else {
-                GGML_ASSERT(ubatch.output);
-                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < n_tokens; i++) {
-                    n_outputs_new += (int32_t) (ubatch.output[i] != 0);
-                }
+            const int ret = llama_prepare_ubatch(lctx, kv_slot_restorer, ubatch, n_outputs, batch.n_tokens);
+            if (ret != 0) {
+                return ret;
             }
-
-            // needs to happen before the graph is built
-            lctx.n_outputs = n_outputs_new;
         }
 
-        int n_threads = n_tokens == 1 ? cparams.n_threads : cparams.n_threads_batch;
-        ggml_threadpool_t threadpool = n_tokens == 1 ? lctx.threadpool : lctx.threadpool_batch;
+        const int         n_threads  = ubatch.n_tokens == 1 ? cparams.n_threads : cparams.n_threads_batch;
+        ggml_threadpool_t threadpool = ubatch.n_tokens == 1 ? lctx.threadpool   : lctx.threadpool_batch;
 
         GGML_ASSERT(n_threads > 0);
 
-        // non-causal masks do not use the KV cache
-        if (hparams.causal_attn) {
-            llama_kv_cache_update(&lctx);
-
-            // if we have enough unused cells before the current head ->
-            //   better to start searching from the beginning of the cache, hoping to fill it
-            if (kv_self.head > kv_self.used + 2*n_tokens) {
-                kv_self.head = 0;
-            }
-
-            const auto slot = llama_kv_cache_find_slot(kv_self, ubatch);
-            if (!slot) {
-                return 1;
-            }
-            kv_slot_restorer.save(slot);
-
-            if (!kv_self.recurrent) {
-                // a heuristic, to avoid attending the full cache if it is not yet utilized
-                // after enough generations, the benefit from this heuristic disappears
-                // if we start defragmenting the cache, the benefit from this will be more important
-                const uint32_t pad = llama_kv_cache_get_padding(cparams);
-                kv_self.n = std::min(kv_self.size, std::max(pad, GGML_PAD(llama_kv_cache_cell_max(kv_self), pad)));
-                //kv_self.n = llama_kv_cache_cell_max(kv_self);
-            }
-        }
-
         //printf("kv_self.n = %5d, kv_self.used = %5d, kv_self.head = %5d\n", kv_self.n, kv_self.used, kv_self.head);
 
         ggml_backend_sched_reset(lctx.sched.get());
@@ -8640,7 +8673,7 @@ static int llama_decode_impl(
 
         // update the kv ring buffer
         {
-            kv_self.head += n_tokens;
+            kv_self.head += ubatch.n_tokens;
 
             // Ensure kv cache head points to a valid index.
             if (kv_self.head >= kv_self.size) {
@@ -9405,6 +9438,7 @@ static struct llama_model * llama_model_load_from_file_impl(
             model->devices.push_back(*dev);
         }
     } else {
+        std::vector<ggml_backend_dev_t> rpc_servers;
         // use all available devices
         for (size_t i = 0; i < ggml_backend_dev_count(); ++i) {
             ggml_backend_dev_t dev = ggml_backend_dev_get(i);
@@ -9415,10 +9449,19 @@ static struct llama_model * llama_model_load_from_file_impl(
                     break;
 
                 case GGML_BACKEND_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU:
-                    model->devices.push_back(dev);
+                    ggml_backend_reg_t reg = ggml_backend_dev_backend_reg(dev);
+                    if (ggml_backend_reg_name(reg) == std::string("RPC")) {
+                        rpc_servers.push_back(dev);
+                    } else {
+                        model->devices.push_back(dev);
+                    }
                     break;
             }
         }
+        // add RPC servers at the front of the list
+        if (!rpc_servers.empty()) {
+            model->devices.insert(model->devices.begin(), rpc_servers.begin(), rpc_servers.end());
+        }
     }
 
     // if using single GPU mode, remove all except the main GPU
diff --git a/tests/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/CMakeLists.txt
index 3fa43c2953..40f83ff0d5 100644
--- a/tests/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ if (NOT WIN32)
     llama_target_and_test(test-grammar-parser.cpp)
     llama_target_and_test(test-grammar-integration.cpp)
     llama_target_and_test(test-llama-grammar.cpp)
+    llama_target_and_test(test-chat.cpp)
     # TODO: disabled on loongarch64 because the ggml-ci node lacks Python 3.8
     if (NOT ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR} MATCHES "loongarch64")
         llama_target_and_test(test-json-schema-to-grammar.cpp   WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/..)
diff --git a/tests/test-backend-ops.cpp b/tests/test-backend-ops.cpp
index 74d1bee394..4c5c4dd9cf 100644
--- a/tests/test-backend-ops.cpp
+++ b/tests/test-backend-ops.cpp
@@ -1302,6 +1302,59 @@ struct test_repeat : public test_case {
     }
 };
 
+// GGML_OP_REPEAT_BACK
+struct test_repeat_back : public test_case {
+    const ggml_type type;
+    const std::array<int64_t, 4> ne;
+    const std::array<int, 4> nr;
+    const bool v; // whether src is a noncontiguous view
+
+    std::string vars() override {
+        return VARS_TO_STR4(type, ne, nr, v);
+    }
+
+    size_t op_size(ggml_tensor * t) override {
+        return ggml_nbytes(t) * 2;
+    }
+
+    test_repeat_back(ggml_type type = GGML_TYPE_F32,
+            std::array<int64_t, 4> ne = {8, 6, 4, 2},
+            std::array<int, 4> nr = {2, 2, 2, 2},
+            bool v = false)
+        : type(type), ne(ne), nr(nr), v(v) {}
+
+    ggml_tensor * build_graph(ggml_context * ctx) override {
+        ggml_tensor * src = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, type, ne[0]*nr[0], ne[1]*nr[1], ne[2]*nr[2], ne[3]*nr[3]);
+        ggml_set_name(src, "src");
+
+        if (v) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(ne[0] % 2 == 0);
+            GGML_ASSERT(ne[1] % 2 == 0);
+            GGML_ASSERT(ne[2] % 2 == 0);
+            GGML_ASSERT(ne[3] % 2 == 0);
+            GGML_ASSERT(nr[0] % 2 == 0 || nr[0] == 1);
+            GGML_ASSERT(nr[1] % 2 == 0 || nr[1] == 1);
+            GGML_ASSERT(nr[2] % 2 == 0 || nr[2] == 1);
+            GGML_ASSERT(nr[3] % 2 == 0 || nr[3] == 1);
+
+            const int64_t ne00 = nr[0] == 1 ? src->ne[0] : src->ne[0] / 2;
+            const int64_t ne01 = nr[1] == 1 ? src->ne[1] : src->ne[1] / 2;
+            const int64_t ne02 = nr[2] == 1 ? src->ne[2] : src->ne[2] / 2;
+            const int64_t ne03 = nr[3] == 1 ? src->ne[3] : src->ne[3] / 2;
+
+            src = ggml_view_4d(ctx, src, ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03, src->nb[1], src->nb[2], src->nb[3], 0);
+        }
+
+        ggml_tensor * target = ggml_new_tensor(ctx, type, 4, ne.data());
+        ggml_set_name(target, "target");
+
+        ggml_tensor * out = ggml_repeat_back(ctx, src, target);
+        ggml_set_name(out, "out");
+
+        return out;
+    }
+};
+
 // GGML_OP_DUP
 struct test_dup : public test_case {
     const ggml_type type;
@@ -1849,6 +1902,10 @@ struct test_mul_mat : public test_case {
         return 5e-4;
     }
 
+    int64_t grad_nmax() override {
+        return 20000;
+    }
+
     uint64_t op_flops(ggml_tensor * t) override {
         GGML_UNUSED(t);
         return 2 * m * n * k * bs[0] * nr[0] * bs[1] * nr[1];
@@ -1878,8 +1935,12 @@ struct test_mul_mat : public test_case {
 
             a = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, type_a, ne_a[per[0]], ne_a[per[1]], ne_a[per[2]], ne_a[per[3]]);
             b = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, type_b, ne_b[per[0]], ne_b[per[1]], ne_b[per[2]], ne_b[per[3]]);
-            ggml_set_param(ctx, a);
-            ggml_set_param(ctx, b);
+            if (!ggml_is_quantized(type_a)) {
+                if (bs[1] == 1 && nr[1] == 1) {
+                    ggml_set_param(ctx, a);
+                }
+                ggml_set_param(ctx, b);
+            }
             ggml_set_name(a, "a");
             ggml_set_name(b, "b");
 
@@ -1890,8 +1951,12 @@ struct test_mul_mat : public test_case {
         } else {
             a = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, type_a, k, m, bs[0],       bs[1]);
             b = ggml_new_tensor_4d(ctx, type_b, k, n, bs[0]*nr[0], bs[1]*nr[1]);
-            ggml_set_param(ctx, a);
-            ggml_set_param(ctx, b);
+            if (!ggml_is_quantized(type_a)) {
+                if (bs[1] == 1 && nr[1] == 1) {
+                    ggml_set_param(ctx, a);
+                }
+                ggml_set_param(ctx, b);
+            }
             ggml_set_name(a, "a");
             ggml_set_name(b, "b");
         }
@@ -2282,11 +2347,12 @@ struct test_soft_max : public test_case {
     const ggml_type type;
     const std::array<int64_t, 4> ne;
     const bool mask;
+    const ggml_type m_prec;
     const float scale;
     const float max_bias;
 
     std::string vars() override {
-        return VARS_TO_STR5(type, ne, mask, scale, max_bias);
+        return VARS_TO_STR6(type, ne, mask, m_prec, scale, max_bias);
     }
 
     // the 1024 test with bias occasionally fails:
@@ -2298,9 +2364,10 @@ struct test_soft_max : public test_case {
     test_soft_max(ggml_type type = GGML_TYPE_F32,
             std::array<int64_t, 4> ne = {10, 5, 4, 3},
             bool mask = false,
+            ggml_type m_prec = GGML_TYPE_F32,
             float scale = 1.0f,
             float max_bias = 0.0f)
-        : type(type), ne(ne), mask(mask), scale(scale), max_bias(max_bias) {}
+        : type(type), ne(ne), mask(mask), m_prec(m_prec), scale(scale), max_bias(max_bias) {}
 
     ggml_tensor * build_graph(ggml_context * ctx) override {
         ggml_tensor * a = ggml_new_tensor(ctx, type, 4, ne.data());
@@ -2309,7 +2376,7 @@ struct test_soft_max : public test_case {
 
         ggml_tensor * mask = nullptr;
         if (this->mask) {
-            mask = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, ne[0], ne[1]);
+            mask = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, m_prec, ne[0], ne[1]);
             ggml_set_name(mask, "mask");
         }
 
@@ -3798,6 +3865,16 @@ static std::vector<std::unique_ptr<test_case>> make_test_cases_eval() {
         test_cases.emplace_back(new test_repeat(GGML_TYPE_I16, {10, 5, 4, ne3}, {1, 1, 1, 2}));
     }
 
+    for (bool view : {false, true}) {
+        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_repeat_back(GGML_TYPE_F32, {8, 6, 4, 2}, {1, 1, 1, 1}, view));
+        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_repeat_back(GGML_TYPE_F32, {8, 6, 4, 2}, {2, 1, 1, 1}, view));
+        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_repeat_back(GGML_TYPE_F32, {8, 6, 4, 2}, {1, 2, 1, 1}, view));
+        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_repeat_back(GGML_TYPE_F32, {8, 6, 4, 2}, {1, 1, 2, 1}, view));
+        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_repeat_back(GGML_TYPE_F32, {8, 6, 4, 2}, {1, 1, 1, 2}, view));
+        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_repeat_back(GGML_TYPE_I32, {8, 6, 4, 2}, {2, 1, 1, 1}, view));
+        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_repeat_back(GGML_TYPE_I16, {8, 6, 4, 2}, {1, 1, 1, 2}, view));
+    }
+
     test_cases.emplace_back(new test_dup(GGML_TYPE_F32));
     test_cases.emplace_back(new test_dup(GGML_TYPE_F16));
     test_cases.emplace_back(new test_dup(GGML_TYPE_I32));
@@ -3909,38 +3986,35 @@ static std::vector<std::unique_ptr<test_case>> make_test_cases_eval() {
     test_cases.emplace_back(new test_gla(GGML_TYPE_F32, 32, 64, 32, 4));
     test_cases.emplace_back(new test_gla(GGML_TYPE_F32, 32, 64, 128, 4));
 
-    for (int i = 1; i < 9; ++i) {
-        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(GGML_TYPE_F16,    GGML_TYPE_F32, 16,  i, 256, { 1,  1}, {1, 1}));
-        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0,   GGML_TYPE_F32, 16,  i, 256, { 1,  1}, {1, 1}));
-        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1,   GGML_TYPE_F32, 16,  i, 256, { 1,  1}, {1, 1}));
-        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0,   GGML_TYPE_F32, 16,  i, 256, { 1,  1}, {1, 1}));
-        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1,   GGML_TYPE_F32, 16,  i, 256, { 1,  1}, {1, 1}));
-        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0,   GGML_TYPE_F32, 16,  i, 256, { 1,  1}, {1, 1}));
-        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K,   GGML_TYPE_F32, 16,  i, 256, { 1,  1}, {1, 1}));
-        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K,   GGML_TYPE_F32, 16,  i, 256, { 1,  1}, {1, 1}));
-        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K,   GGML_TYPE_F32, 16,  i, 256, { 1,  1}, {1, 1}));
-        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL, GGML_TYPE_F32, 16,  i, 256, { 1,  1}, {1, 1}));
+    for (ggml_type type_a : all_types) {
+        for (int i = 1; i < 10; ++i) {
+            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a,    GGML_TYPE_F32, 16,  i, 256, { 1,  1}, {1, 1}));
+        }
     }
 
 #if 1
     for (ggml_type type_a : base_types) {
         for (ggml_type type_b : {GGML_TYPE_F32, GGML_TYPE_F16}) {
             // test cases without permutation
-            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16,  1, 256, { 1,  1}, {1, 1}));
-            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16,  1, 256, {10,  1}, {1, 1}));
-            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16,  1, 256, {10,  1}, {2, 1}));
-            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16,  1, 256, {10, 10}, {1, 1}));
-            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16,  1, 256, {10, 10}, {2, 1}));
-            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16,  1, 256, {10, 10}, {1, 2}));
-            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16,  1, 256, {10, 10}, {2, 2}));
+            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16,  1, 256, {1, 1}, {1, 1}));
+            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16,  1, 256, {1, 1}, {2, 1}));
+            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16,  1, 256, {1, 1}, {1, 2}));
+            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16,  1, 256, {3, 1}, {1, 1}));
+            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16,  1, 256, {3, 1}, {2, 1}));
+            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16,  1, 256, {3, 2}, {1, 1}));
+            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16,  1, 256, {3, 2}, {2, 1}));
+            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16,  1, 256, {3, 2}, {1, 2}));
+            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16,  1, 256, {3, 2}, {2, 2}));
 
-            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16, 16, 256, { 1,  1}, {1, 1}));
-            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16, 16, 256, {10,  1}, {1, 1}));
-            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16, 16, 256, {10,  1}, {2, 1}));
-            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16, 16, 256, {10, 10}, {1, 1}));
-            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16, 16, 256, {10, 10}, {2, 1}));
-            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16, 16, 256, {10, 10}, {1, 2}));
-            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16, 16, 256, {10, 10}, {2, 2}));
+            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16, 16, 256, {1, 1}, {1, 1}));
+            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16, 16, 256, {1, 1}, {2, 1}));
+            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16, 16, 256, {1, 1}, {1, 2}));
+            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16, 16, 256, {3, 1}, {1, 1}));
+            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16, 16, 256, {3, 1}, {2, 1}));
+            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16, 16, 256, {3, 2}, {1, 1}));
+            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16, 16, 256, {3, 2}, {2, 1}));
+            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16, 16, 256, {3, 2}, {1, 2}));
+            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16, 16, 256, {3, 2}, {2, 2}));
 
             // test cases with permutation
             test_cases.emplace_back(new test_mul_mat(type_a, type_b, 16,  1, 256, {2, 3}, {1, 1}, {0, 2, 1, 3}));
@@ -4078,17 +4152,28 @@ static std::vector<std::unique_ptr<test_case>> make_test_cases_eval() {
             for (float scale : {1.0f, 0.1f}) {
                 for (int64_t ne0 : {16, 1024}) {
                     for (int64_t ne1 : {16, 1024}) {
-                        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {ne0,   ne1,   1, 1}, mask, scale, max_bias));
-                        test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {ne0-1, ne1-1, 1, 1}, mask, scale, max_bias));
+                        if (mask) {
+                            for (ggml_type m_prec : {GGML_TYPE_F32, GGML_TYPE_F16}) {
+                                test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {ne0,   ne1,   1, 1}, mask, m_prec, scale, max_bias));
+                                test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {ne0-1, ne1-1, 1, 1}, mask, m_prec, scale, max_bias));
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            /* The precision of mask here doesn't matter as boolean mask is false */
+                            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {ne0,   ne1,   1, 1}, mask, GGML_TYPE_F32, scale, max_bias));
+                            test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {ne0-1, ne1-1, 1, 1}, mask, GGML_TYPE_F32, scale, max_bias));
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
     }
-    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {16, 2, 32, 1}, true,  0.1f, 0.0f));
-    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {16, 2, 32, 1}, false, 0.1f, 0.0f));
-    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {32, 2, 32, 1}, true,  0.1f, 0.0f));
-    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {32, 2, 32, 1}, true,  0.1f, 8.0f));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {16, 2, 32, 1}, true, GGML_TYPE_F32,  0.1f, 0.0f));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {16, 2, 32, 1}, true, GGML_TYPE_F16,  0.1f, 0.0f));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {16, 2, 32, 1}, false, GGML_TYPE_F32, 0.1f, 0.0f));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {32, 2, 32, 1}, true, GGML_TYPE_F32,  0.1f, 0.0f));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {32, 2, 32, 1}, true, GGML_TYPE_F16,  0.1f, 0.0f));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {32, 2, 32, 1}, true, GGML_TYPE_F32,  0.1f, 8.0f));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {32, 2, 32, 1}, true, GGML_TYPE_F16,  0.1f, 8.0f));
 
     for (float max_bias : {0.0f, 8.0f}) {
         for (float scale : {1.0f, 0.1f}) {
@@ -4224,13 +4309,13 @@ static std::vector<std::unique_ptr<test_case>> make_test_cases_perf() {
     test_cases.emplace_back(new test_cpy(GGML_TYPE_F32, GGML_TYPE_F32, {8192, 512, 2, 1}, {0, 2, 1, 3}));
     test_cases.emplace_back(new test_cpy(GGML_TYPE_F32, GGML_TYPE_F32, {3072, 512, 2, 1}, {0, 2, 1, 3}));
 
-    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {4096, 4096, 5, 1}, false, 1.0f, 0.0f));
-    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {77, 4096, 5, 1}, false, 1.0f, 0.0f));
-    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {1024, 1024, 10, 1}, false, 1.0f, 0.0f));
-    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {77, 1024, 10, 1}, false, 1.0f, 0.0f));
-    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {256, 256, 20, 1}, false, 1.0f, 0.0f));
-    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {64, 64, 20, 1}, false, 1.0f, 0.0f));
-    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {77, 64, 20, 1}, false, 1.0f, 0.0f));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {4096, 4096, 5, 1}, false, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1.0f, 0.0f));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {77, 4096, 5, 1}, false, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1.0f, 0.0f));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {1024, 1024, 10, 1}, false, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1.0f, 0.0f));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {77, 1024, 10, 1}, false, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1.0f, 0.0f));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {256, 256, 20, 1}, false, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1.0f, 0.0f));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {64, 64, 20, 1}, false, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1.0f, 0.0f));
+    test_cases.emplace_back(new test_soft_max(GGML_TYPE_F32, {77, 64, 20, 1}, false, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1.0f, 0.0f));
 
     test_cases.emplace_back(new test_argmax(GGML_TYPE_F32, {32, 10, 1, 1}));
     test_cases.emplace_back(new test_argmax(GGML_TYPE_F32, {1024, 10, 1, 1}));
diff --git a/tests/test-chat-template.cpp b/tests/test-chat-template.cpp
index 5ec318bd44..4563f9dcb0 100644
--- a/tests/test-chat-template.cpp
+++ b/tests/test-chat-template.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,16 @@
 
 #include "llama.h"
 #include "common.h"
+#include "chat-template.hpp"
+
+static std::string normalize_newlines(const std::string & s) {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  static const std::regex nl_regex("\r\n");
+  return std::regex_replace(s, nl_regex, "\n");
+#else
+  return s;
+#endif
+}
 
 int main(void) {
     std::vector<llama_chat_message> conversation {
@@ -21,156 +31,228 @@ int main(void) {
         std::string name;
         std::string template_str;
         std::string expected_output;
+        std::string expected_output_jinja;
+        std::string bos_token = "";
+        std::string eos_token = "";
+        bool supported_with_jinja = true;
     };
     std::vector<TestCase> test_cases {
         {
             /* .name= */ "teknium/OpenHermes-2.5-Mistral-7B",
             /* .template_str= */ "{% for message in messages %}{{'<|im_start|>' + message['role'] + '\\n' + message['content'] + '<|im_end|>' + '\\n'}}{% endfor %}{% if add_generation_prompt %}{{ '<|im_start|>assistant\\n' }}{% endif %}",
             /* .expected_output= */ "<|im_start|>system\nYou are a helpful assistant<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>user\nHello<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\nHi there<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>user\nWho are you<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n   I am an assistant   <|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>user\nAnother question<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "",
+            /* .bos_token= */ "",
+            /* .eos_token= */ "",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2 (NOTE: Old pre-v1 without a system prompt)",
             /* .template_str= */ "{{ bos_token }}{% for message in messages %}{% if (message['role'] == 'user') != (loop.index0 % 2 == 0) %}{{ raise_exception('Conversation roles must alternate user/assistant/user/assistant/...') }}{% endif %}{% if message['role'] == 'user' %}{{ '[INST] ' + message['content'] + ' [/INST]' }}{% elif message['role'] == 'assistant' %}{{ message['content'] + eos_token}}{% else %}{{ raise_exception('Only user and assistant roles are supported!') }}{% endif %}{% endfor %}",
             /* .expected_output= */ "[INST] You are a helpful assistant\nHello [/INST]Hi there</s>[INST] Who are you [/INST]   I am an assistant   </s>[INST] Another question [/INST]",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "",
+            /* .bos_token= */ "",
+            /* .eos_token= */ "</s>",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "TheBloke/FusionNet_34Bx2_MoE-AWQ",
-            /* .template_str= */ "{%- for idx in range(0, messages|length) -%}\\n{%- if messages[idx]['role'] == 'user' -%}\\n{%- if idx > 1 -%}\\n{{- bos_token + '[INST] ' + messages[idx]['content'] + ' [/INST]' -}}\\n{%- else -%}\\n{{- messages[idx]['content'] + ' [/INST]' -}}\\n{%- endif -%}\\n{% elif messages[idx]['role'] == 'system' %}\\n{{- '[INST] <<SYS>>\\\\n' + messages[idx]['content'] + '\\\\n<</SYS>>\\\\n\\\\n' -}}\\n{%- elif messages[idx]['role'] == 'assistant' -%}\\n{{- ' '  + messages[idx]['content'] + ' ' + eos_token -}}\\n{% endif %}\\n{% endfor %}",
-            /* .expected_output= */ "[INST] <<SYS>>\nYou are a helpful assistant\n<</SYS>>\n\nHello [/INST]Hi there</s><s>[INST] Who are you [/INST]   I am an assistant   </s><s>[INST] Another question [/INST]",
+            /* .template_str= */ "{%- for idx in range(0, messages|length) -%}\n{%- if messages[idx]['role'] == 'user' -%}\n{%- if idx > 1 -%}\n{{- bos_token + '[INST] ' + messages[idx]['content'] + ' [/INST]' -}}\n{%- else -%}\n{{- messages[idx]['content'] + ' [/INST]' -}}\n{%- endif -%}\n{% elif messages[idx]['role'] == 'system' %}\n{{- '[INST] <<SYS>>\\n' + messages[idx]['content'] + '\\n<</SYS>>\\n\\n' -}}\n{%- elif messages[idx]['role'] == 'assistant' -%}\n{{- ' '  + messages[idx]['content'] + ' ' + eos_token -}}\n{% endif %}\n{% endfor %}",
+            /* .expected_output= */       "[INST] <<SYS>>\nYou are a helpful assistant\n<</SYS>>\n\nHello [/INST]Hi there</s><s>[INST] Who are you [/INST]   I am an assistant   </s><s>[INST] Another question [/INST]",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "[INST] <<SYS>>\nYou are a helpful assistant\n<</SYS>>\n\nHello [/INST] Hi there </s><s>[INST] Who are you [/INST]    I am an assistant    </s><s>[INST] Another question [/INST]",
+            /* .bos_token= */ "<s>",
+            /* .eos_token= */ "</s>",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "bofenghuang/vigogne-2-70b-chat",
-            /* .template_str= */ "{{ bos_token }}{% if messages[0]['role'] == 'system' %}{% set loop_messages = messages[1:] %}{% set system_message = messages[0]['content'] %}{% elif true == true and not '<<SYS>>' in messages[0]['content'] %}{% set loop_messages = messages %}{% set system_message = 'Vous êtes Vigogne, un assistant IA créé par Zaion Lab. Vous suivez extrêmement bien les instructions. Aidez autant que vous le pouvez.' %}{% else %}{% set loop_messages = messages %}{% set system_message = false %}{% endif %}{% for message in loop_messages %}{% if (message['role'] == 'user') != (loop.index0 % 2 == 0) %}{{ raise_exception('Conversation roles must alternate user/assistant/user/assistant/...') }}{% endif %}{% if loop.index0 == 0 and system_message != false %}{% set content = '<<SYS>>\\\\n' + system_message + '\\\\n<</SYS>>\\\\n\\\\n' + message['content'] %}{% else %}{% set content = message['content'] %}{% endif %}{% if message['role'] == 'user' %}{{ '[INST] ' + content.strip() + ' [/INST]' }}{% elif message['role'] == 'system' %}{{ '<<SYS>>\\\\n' + content.strip() + '\\\\n<</SYS>>\\\\n\\\\n' }}{% elif message['role'] == 'assistant' %}{{ ' '  + content.strip() + ' ' + eos_token }}{% endif %}{% endfor %}",
-            /* .expected_output= */ "[INST] <<SYS>>\nYou are a helpful assistant\n<</SYS>>\n\nHello [/INST]Hi there</s>[INST] Who are you [/INST]I am an assistant</s>[INST] Another question [/INST]",
+            /* .template_str= */ "{{ bos_token }}{% if messages[0]['role'] == 'system' %}{% set loop_messages = messages[1:] %}{% set system_message = messages[0]['content'] %}{% elif true == true and not '<<SYS>>' in messages[0]['content'] %}{% set loop_messages = messages %}{% set system_message = 'Vous êtes Vigogne, un assistant IA créé par Zaion Lab. Vous suivez extrêmement bien les instructions. Aidez autant que vous le pouvez.' %}{% else %}{% set loop_messages = messages %}{% set system_message = false %}{% endif %}{% for message in loop_messages %}{% if (message['role'] == 'user') != (loop.index0 % 2 == 0) %}{{ raise_exception('Conversation roles must alternate user/assistant/user/assistant/...') }}{% endif %}{% if loop.index0 == 0 and system_message != false %}{% set content = '<<SYS>>\\n' + system_message + '\\n<</SYS>>\\n\\n' + message['content'] %}{% else %}{% set content = message['content'] %}{% endif %}{% if message['role'] == 'user' %}{{ '[INST] ' + content.strip() + ' [/INST]' }}{% elif message['role'] == 'system' %}{{ '<<SYS>>\\n' + content.strip() + '\\n<</SYS>>\\n\\n' }}{% elif message['role'] == 'assistant' %}{{ ' '  + content.strip() + ' ' + eos_token }}{% endif %}{% endfor %}",
+            /* .expected_output= */       "[INST] <<SYS>>\nYou are a helpful assistant\n<</SYS>>\n\nHello [/INST]Hi there</s>[INST] Who are you [/INST]I am an assistant</s>[INST] Another question [/INST]",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "[INST] <<SYS>>\nYou are a helpful assistant\n<</SYS>>\n\nHello [/INST] Hi there </s>[INST] Who are you [/INST] I am an assistant </s>[INST] Another question [/INST]",
+            /* .bos_token= */ "",
+            /* .eos_token= */ "</s>",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "mlabonne/AlphaMonarch-7B",
             /* .template_str= */ "{% for message in messages %}{{bos_token + message['role'] + '\\n' + message['content'] + eos_token + '\\n'}}{% endfor %}{% if add_generation_prompt %}{{ bos_token + 'assistant\\n' }}{% endif %}",
-            /* .expected_output= */ "system\nYou are a helpful assistant</s>\n<s>user\nHello</s>\n<s>assistant\nHi there</s>\n<s>user\nWho are you</s>\n<s>assistant\n   I am an assistant   </s>\n<s>user\nAnother question</s>\n<s>assistant\n",
+            /* .expected_output= */          "system\nYou are a helpful assistant</s>\n<s>user\nHello</s>\n<s>assistant\nHi there</s>\n<s>user\nWho are you</s>\n<s>assistant\n   I am an assistant   </s>\n<s>user\nAnother question</s>\n<s>assistant\n",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "<s>system\nYou are a helpful assistant</s>\n<s>user\nHello</s>\n<s>assistant\nHi there</s>\n<s>user\nWho are you</s>\n<s>assistant\n   I am an assistant   </s>\n<s>user\nAnother question</s>\n<s>assistant\n",
+            /* .bos_token= */ "<s>",
+            /* .eos_token= */ "</s>",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "google/gemma-7b-it",
             /* .template_str= */ "{% if messages[0]['role'] == 'system' %}{{ raise_exception('System role not supported') }}{% endif %}{% for message in messages %}{% if (message['role'] == 'user') != (loop.index0 % 2 == 0) %}{{ raise_exception('Conversation roles must alternate user/assistant/user/assistant/...') }}{% endif %}{% if (message['role'] == 'assistant') %}{% set role = 'model' %}{% else %}{% set role = message['role'] %}{% endif %}{{ '<start_of_turn>' + role + '\\n' + message['content'] | trim + '<end_of_turn>\\n' }}{% endfor %}{% if add_generation_prompt %}{{'<start_of_turn>model\\n'}}{% endif %}",
-            /* .expected_output= */ "<start_of_turn>user\nYou are a helpful assistant\n\nHello<end_of_turn>\n<start_of_turn>model\nHi there<end_of_turn>\n<start_of_turn>user\nWho are you<end_of_turn>\n<start_of_turn>model\nI am an assistant<end_of_turn>\n<start_of_turn>user\nAnother question<end_of_turn>\n<start_of_turn>model\n",
+            /* .expected_output= */       "<start_of_turn>user\nYou are a helpful assistant\n\nHello<end_of_turn>\n<start_of_turn>model\nHi there<end_of_turn>\n<start_of_turn>user\nWho are you<end_of_turn>\n<start_of_turn>model\nI am an assistant<end_of_turn>\n<start_of_turn>user\nAnother question<end_of_turn>\n<start_of_turn>model\n",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "<start_of_turn>user\nYou are a helpful assistant\nHello<end_of_turn>\n<start_of_turn>model\nHi there<end_of_turn>\n<start_of_turn>user\nWho are you<end_of_turn>\n<start_of_turn>model\nI am an assistant<end_of_turn>\n<start_of_turn>user\nAnother question<end_of_turn>\n<start_of_turn>model\n",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "OrionStarAI/Orion-14B-Chat",
             /* .template_str= */ "{% for message in messages %}{% if loop.first %}{{ bos_token }}{% endif %}{% if message['role'] == 'user' %}{{ 'Human: ' + message['content'] + '\\n\\nAssistant: ' + eos_token }}{% elif message['role'] == 'assistant' %}{{ message['content'] + eos_token }}{% endif %}{% endfor %}",
-            /* .expected_output= */ "Human: You are a helpful assistant\n\nHello\n\nAssistant: </s>Hi there</s>Human: Who are you\n\nAssistant: </s>   I am an assistant   </s>Human: Another question\n\nAssistant: </s>",
+            /* .expected_output= */       "Human: You are a helpful assistant\n\nHello\n\nAssistant: </s>Hi there</s>Human: Who are you\n\nAssistant: </s>   I am an assistant   </s>Human: Another question\n\nAssistant: </s>",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "Human: You are a helpful assistant\nHello\n\nAssistant: </s>Hi there</s>Human: Who are you\n\nAssistant: </s>   I am an assistant   </s>Human: Another question\n\nAssistant: </s>",
+            /* .bos_token= */ "",
+            /* .eos_token= */ "</s>",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "openchat/openchat-3.5-0106",
             // The included chat_template differs from the author's suggestions here: https://huggingface.co/openchat/openchat_3.5/discussions/5#65448109b4a3f3a2f486fd9d
             // So we match against the included template but implement the suggested version.
             /* .template_str= */ "{{ bos_token }}{% for message in messages %}{{ 'GPT4 Correct ' + message['role'].title() + ': ' + message['content'] + '<|end_of_turn|>'}}{% endfor %}{% if add_generation_prompt %}{{ 'GPT4 Correct Assistant:' }}{% endif %}",
-            /* .expected_output= */ "You are a helpful assistant<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct User: Hello<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct Assistant: Hi there<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct User: Who are you<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct Assistant:    I am an assistant   <|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct User: Another question<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct Assistant:",
+            /* .expected_output= */                            "You are a helpful assistant<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct User: Hello<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct Assistant: Hi there<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct User: Who are you<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct Assistant:    I am an assistant   <|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct User: Another question<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct Assistant:",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "GPT4 Correct System: You are a helpful assistant<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct User: Hello<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct Assistant: Hi there<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct User: Who are you<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct Assistant:    I am an assistant   <|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct User: Another question<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct Assistant:",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "deepseek-ai/deepseek-coder-33b-instruct",
             /* .template_str= */ "{% if not add_generation_prompt is defined %}\n{% set add_generation_prompt = false %}\n{% endif %}\n{%- set ns = namespace(found=false) -%}\n{%- for message in messages -%}\n    {%- if message['role'] == 'system' -%}\n        {%- set ns.found = true -%}\n    {%- endif -%}\n{%- endfor -%}\n{{bos_token}}{%- if not ns.found -%}\n{{'You are an AI programming assistant, utilizing the Deepseek Coder model, developed by Deepseek Company, and you only answer questions related to computer science. For politically sensitive questions, security and privacy issues, and other non-computer science questions, you will refuse to answer\\n'}}\n{%- endif %}\n{%- for message in messages %}\n    {%- if message['role'] == 'system' %}\n{{ message['content'] }}\n    {%- else %}\n        {%- if message['role'] == 'user' %}\n{{'### Instruction:\\n' + message['content'] + '\\n'}}\n        {%- else %}\n{{'### Response:\\n' + message['content'] + '\\n<|EOT|>\\n'}}\n        {%- endif %}\n    {%- endif %}\n{%- endfor %}\n{% if add_generation_prompt %}\n{{'### Response:'}}\n{% endif %}",
             /* .expected_output= */ "You are a helpful assistant### Instruction:\nHello\n### Response:\nHi there\n<|EOT|>\n### Instruction:\nWho are you\n### Response:\n   I am an assistant   \n<|EOT|>\n### Instruction:\nAnother question\n### Response:\n",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "eachadea/vicuna-13b-1.1",
             // No template included in tokenizer_config.json, so this template likely needs to be manually set.
             /* .template_str= */ "{%- for message in messages %}{%- if message['role'] == 'system' -%}{{- '' + message['content'] + '\n\n' -}}{%- else -%}{%- if message['role'] == 'user' -%}{{-'USER: ' + message['content'] + '\n'-}}{%- else -%}{{-'ASSISTANT: ' + message['content'] + '</s>\n' -}}{%- endif -%}{%- endif -%}{%- endfor -%}{%- if add_generation_prompt -%}{{-'ASSISTANT:'-}}{%- endif -%}",
             /* .expected_output= */ "You are a helpful assistant\n\nUSER: Hello\nASSISTANT: Hi there</s>\nUSER: Who are you\nASSISTANT:    I am an assistant   </s>\nUSER: Another question\nASSISTANT:",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "",
+            /* .bos_token= */ "",
+            /* .eos_token= */ "",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "Orca-Vicuna",
             // No template included in tokenizer_config.json, so this template likely needs to be manually set.
             /* .template_str= */ "{%- for message in messages %}{%- if message['role'] == 'system' -%}{{-'SYSTEM: ' + message['content'] + '\n' -}}{%- else -%}{%- if message['role'] == 'user' -%}{{-'USER: ' + message['content'] + '\n'-}}{%- else -%}{{-'ASSISTANT: ' + message['content'] + '</s>\n' -}}{%- endif -%}{%- endif -%}{%- endfor -%}{%- if add_generation_prompt -%}{{-'ASSISTANT:'-}}{%- endif -%}",
             /* .expected_output= */ "SYSTEM: You are a helpful assistant\nUSER: Hello\nASSISTANT: Hi there</s>\nUSER: Who are you\nASSISTANT:    I am an assistant   </s>\nUSER: Another question\nASSISTANT:",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "",
+            /* .bos_token= */ "",
+            /* .eos_token= */ "",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "CohereForAI/c4ai-command-r-plus",
             /* .template_str= */ "{{ bos_token }}{% if messages[0]['role'] == 'system' %}{% set loop_messages = messages[1:] %}{% set system_message = messages[0]['content'] %}{% elif false == true %}{% set loop_messages = messages %}{% set system_message = 'You are Command-R, a brilliant, sophisticated, AI-assistant trained to assist human users by providing thorough responses. You are trained by Cohere.' %}{% else %}{% set loop_messages = messages %}{% set system_message = false %}{% endif %}{% if system_message != false %}{{ '<|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|SYSTEM_TOKEN|>' + system_message + '<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|>' }}{% endif %}{% for message in loop_messages %}{% if (message['role'] == 'user') != (loop.index0 % 2 == 0) %}{{ raise_exception('Conversation roles must alternate user/assistant/user/assistant/...') }}{% endif %}{% set content = message['content'] %}{% if message['role'] == 'user' %}{{ '<|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|USER_TOKEN|>' + content.strip() + '<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|>' }}{% elif message['role'] == 'assistant' %}{{ '<|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|CHATBOT_TOKEN|>'  + content.strip() + '<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|>' }}{% endif %}{% endfor %}{% if add_generation_prompt %}{{ '<|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|CHATBOT_TOKEN|>' }}{% endif %}",
             /* .expected_output= */ "<|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|SYSTEM_TOKEN|>You are a helpful assistant<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|USER_TOKEN|>Hello<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|CHATBOT_TOKEN|>Hi there<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|USER_TOKEN|>Who are you<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|CHATBOT_TOKEN|>I am an assistant<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|USER_TOKEN|>Another question<|END_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|START_OF_TURN_TOKEN|><|CHATBOT_TOKEN|>",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "Llama-3",
             /* .template_str= */ "{% set loop_messages = messages %}{% for message in loop_messages %}{% set content = '<|start_header_id|>' + message['role'] + '<|end_header_id|>\n\n'+ message['content'] | trim + '<|eot_id|>' %}{% if loop.index0 == 0 %}{% set content = bos_token + content %}{% endif %}{{ content }}{% endfor %}{{ '<|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n' }}",
             /* .expected_output= */ "<|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|>\n\nYou are a helpful assistant<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nHello<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\nHi there<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nWho are you<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\nI am an assistant<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nAnother question<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "Phi-3-mini",
             /* .template_str= */ "{{ bos_token }}{% for message in messages %}{% if (message['role'] == 'user') %}{{'<|user|>' + '\n' + message['content'] + '<|end|>' + '\n' + '<|assistant|>' + '\n'}}{% elif (message['role'] == 'assistant') %}{{message['content'] + '<|end|>' + '\n'}}{% endif %}{% endfor %}",
-            /* .expected_output= */ "<|system|>\nYou are a helpful assistant<|end|>\n<|user|>\nHello<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\nHi there<|end|>\n<|user|>\nWho are you<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n   I am an assistant   <|end|>\n<|user|>\nAnother question<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n",
+            /* .expected_output= */     "<|system|>\nYou are a helpful assistant<|end|>\n<|user|>\nHello<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\nHi there<|end|>\n<|user|>\nWho are you<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n   I am an assistant   <|end|>\n<|user|>\nAnother question<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "<|user|>\nYou are a helpful assistant\nHello<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\nHi there<|end|>\n<|user|>\nWho are you<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n   I am an assistant   <|end|>\n<|user|>\nAnother question<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "Phi-3-small",
             /* .template_str= */ "{{ bos_token }}{% for message in messages %}{{'<|' + message['role'] + '|>' + '\n' + message['content'] + '<|end|>\n' }}{% endfor %}{% if add_generation_prompt %}{{ '<|assistant|>\n' }}{% else %}{{ eos_token }}{% endif %}",
             /* .expected_output= */ "<|system|>\nYou are a helpful assistant<|end|>\n<|user|>\nHello<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\nHi there<|end|>\n<|user|>\nWho are you<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n   I am an assistant   <|end|>\n<|user|>\nAnother question<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "Phi-3-medium",
             /* .template_str= */ "{% for message in messages %}{% if (message['role'] == 'user') %}{{'<|user|>' + '\n' + message['content'] + '<|end|>' + '\n' + '<|assistant|>' + '\n'}}{% elif (message['role'] == 'assistant') %}{{message['content'] + '<|end|>' + '\n'}}{% endif %}{% endfor %}",
-            /* .expected_output= */ "<|system|>\nYou are a helpful assistant<|end|>\n<|user|>\nHello<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\nHi there<|end|>\n<|user|>\nWho are you<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n   I am an assistant   <|end|>\n<|user|>\nAnother question<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n",
+            /* .expected_output= */     "<|system|>\nYou are a helpful assistant<|end|>\n<|user|>\nHello<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\nHi there<|end|>\n<|user|>\nWho are you<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n   I am an assistant   <|end|>\n<|user|>\nAnother question<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "<|user|>\nYou are a helpful assistant\nHello<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\nHi there<|end|>\n<|user|>\nWho are you<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n   I am an assistant   <|end|>\n<|user|>\nAnother question<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "Phi-3-vision",
             /* .template_str= */ "{% for message in messages %}{{'<|' + message['role'] + '|>' + '\n' + message['content'] + '<|end|>\n' }}{% endfor %}{% if add_generation_prompt and messages[-1]['role'] != 'assistant' %}{{- '<|assistant|>\n' -}}{% endif %}",
             /* .expected_output= */ "<|system|>\nYou are a helpful assistant<|end|>\n<|user|>\nHello<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\nHi there<|end|>\n<|user|>\nWho are you<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n   I am an assistant   <|end|>\n<|user|>\nAnother question<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "",
+            /* .bos_token= */ "",
+            /* .eos_token= */ "",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "ChatGLM3",
             /* .template_str= */ "{% for message in messages %}{% if loop.first %}[gMASK]sop<|{{ message['role'] }}|>\n {{ message['content'] }}{% else %}<|{{ message['role'] }}|>\n {{ message['content'] }}{% endif %}{% endfor %}{% if add_generation_prompt %}<|assistant|>{% endif %}",
-            /* .expected_output= */ "[gMASK]sop<|system|>\n You are a helpful assistant<|user|>\n Hello<|assistant|>\n Hi there<|user|>\n Who are you<|assistant|>\n    I am an assistant   <|user|>\n Another question<|assistant|>",
+            /* .expected_output= */       "[gMASK]sop<|system|>\n You are a helpful assistant<|user|>\n Hello<|assistant|>\n Hi there<|user|>\n Who are you<|assistant|>\n    I am an assistant   <|user|>\n Another question<|assistant|>",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "[gMASK]sop<|system|>\nYou are a helpful assistant<|user|>\nHello<|assistant|>\nHi there<|user|>\nWho are you<|assistant|>\n   I am an assistant   <|user|>\nAnother question<|assistant|>",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "ChatGLM4",
             /* .template_str= */ u8"[gMASK]<sop>{% for item in messages %}{% if item['tools'] is defined %}<|system|>\n你是一个名为 ChatGLM 的人工智能助手。你是基于智谱AI训练的语言模型 GLM-4 模型开发的，你的任务是针对用户的问题和要求提供适当的答复和支持。\n\n# 可用工具{% set tools = item['tools'] %}{% for tool in tools %}{% if tool['type'] == 'function' %}\n\n## {{ tool['function']['name'] }}\n\n{{ tool['function'] | tojson(indent=4) }}\n......{% endif %}{% endfor %}{% endif %}{% if item['content'] %}<|{{ item['role'] }}|>{{ item['metadata'] }}\n{{ item['content'] }}{% endif %}{% endfor %}{% if add_generation_prompt %}<|assistant|>{% endif %}",
             /* .expected_output= */ "[gMASK]<sop><|system|>\nYou are a helpful assistant<|user|>\nHello<|assistant|>\nHi there<|user|>\nWho are you<|assistant|>\n   I am an assistant   <|user|>\nAnother question<|assistant|>",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "",
+            /* .bos_token= */ "",
+            /* .eos_token= */ "",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "MiniCPM-3B-OpenHermes-2.5-v2-GGUF",
             /* .template_str= */ u8"{% for message in messages %}{% if message['role'] == 'user' %}{{'<用户>' + message['content'].strip() + '<AI>'}}{% else %}{{message['content'].strip()}}{% endif %}{% endfor %}",
             /* .expected_output= */ u8"You are a helpful assistant<用户>Hello<AI>Hi there<用户>Who are you<AI>I am an assistant<用户>Another question<AI>",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "",
+            /* .bos_token= */ "",
+            /* .eos_token= */ "",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "DeepSeek-V2",
             /* .template_str= */ "{% if not add_generation_prompt is defined %}{% set add_generation_prompt = false %}{% endif %}{{ bos_token }}{% for message in messages %}{% if message['role'] == 'user' %}{{ 'User: ' + message['content'] + '\n\n' }}{% elif message['role'] == 'assistant' %}{{ 'Assistant: ' + message['content'] + eos_token }}{% elif message['role'] == 'system' %}{{ message['content'] + '\n\n' }}{% endif %}{% endfor %}{% if add_generation_prompt %}{{ 'Assistant:' }}{% endif %}",
             /* .expected_output= */ u8"You are a helpful assistant\n\nUser: Hello\n\nAssistant: Hi there<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>User: Who are you\n\nAssistant:    I am an assistant   <｜end▁of▁sentence｜>User: Another question\n\nAssistant:",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "",
+            /* .bos_token= */ "",
+            /* .eos_token= */ "<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "ibm-granite/granite-3.0-8b-instruct",
             /* .template_str= */ "{%- if tools %}\n    {{- '<|start_of_role|>available_tools<|end_of_role|>\n' }}\n    {%- for tool in tools %}\n    {{- tool | tojson(indent=4) }}\n    {%- if not loop.last %}\n        {{- '\n\n' }}\n    {%- endif %}\n    {%- endfor %}\n    {{- '<|end_of_text|>\n' }}\n{%- endif %}\n{%- for message in messages %}\n    {%- if message['role'] == 'system' %}\n    {{- '<|start_of_role|>system<|end_of_role|>' + message['content'] + '<|end_of_text|>\n' }}\n    {%- elif message['role'] == 'user' %}\n    {{- '<|start_of_role|>user<|end_of_role|>' + message['content'] + '<|end_of_text|>\n' }}\n    {%- elif message['role'] == 'assistant' %}\n    {{- '<|start_of_role|>assistant<|end_of_role|>'  + message['content'] + '<|end_of_text|>\n' }}\n    {%- elif message['role'] == 'assistant_tool_call' %}\n    {{- '<|start_of_role|>assistant<|end_of_role|><|tool_call|>' + message['content'] + '<|end_of_text|>\n' }}\n    {%- elif message['role'] == 'tool_response' %}\n    {{- '<|start_of_role|>tool_response<|end_of_role|>' + message['content'] + '<|end_of_text|>\n' }}\n    {%- endif %}\n    {%- if loop.last and add_generation_prompt %}\n    {{- '<|start_of_role|>assistant<|end_of_role|>' }}\n    {%- endif %}\n{%- endfor %}",
-            /* .expected_output= */ "<|start_of_role|>system<|end_of_role|>You are a helpful assistant<|end_of_text|>\n<|start_of_role|>user<|end_of_role|>Hello<|end_of_text|>\n<|start_of_role|>assistant<|end_of_role|>Hi there<|end_of_text|>\n<|start_of_role|>user<|end_of_role|>Who are you<|end_of_text|>\n<|start_of_role|>assistant<|end_of_role|>   I am an assistant   <|end_of_text|>\n<|start_of_role|>user<|end_of_role|>Another question<|end_of_text|>\n<|start_of_role|>assistant<|end_of_role|>\n",
+            /* .expected_output= */       "<|start_of_role|>system<|end_of_role|>You are a helpful assistant<|end_of_text|>\n<|start_of_role|>user<|end_of_role|>Hello<|end_of_text|>\n<|start_of_role|>assistant<|end_of_role|>Hi there<|end_of_text|>\n<|start_of_role|>user<|end_of_role|>Who are you<|end_of_text|>\n<|start_of_role|>assistant<|end_of_role|>   I am an assistant   <|end_of_text|>\n<|start_of_role|>user<|end_of_role|>Another question<|end_of_text|>\n<|start_of_role|>assistant<|end_of_role|>\n",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "<|start_of_role|>system<|end_of_role|>You are a helpful assistant<|end_of_text|>\n<|start_of_role|>user<|end_of_role|>Hello<|end_of_text|>\n<|start_of_role|>assistant<|end_of_role|>Hi there<|end_of_text|>\n<|start_of_role|>user<|end_of_role|>Who are you<|end_of_text|>\n<|start_of_role|>assistant<|end_of_role|>   I am an assistant   <|end_of_text|>\n<|start_of_role|>user<|end_of_role|>Another question<|end_of_text|>\n<|start_of_role|>assistant<|end_of_role|>",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.2 (mistralai 'v1' template with a system prompt)",
             /* .template_str= */ "{%- if messages[0]['role'] == 'system' %}\n    {%- set system_message = messages[0]['content'] %}\n    {%- set loop_messages = messages[1:] %}\n{%- else %}\n    {%- set loop_messages = messages %}\n{%- endif %}\n\n{{- bos_token }}\n{%- for message in loop_messages %}\n    {%- if (message['role'] == 'user') != (loop.index0 % 2 == 0) %}\n        {{- raise_exception('After the optional system message, conversation roles must alternate user/assistant/user/assistant/...') }}\n    {%- endif %}\n    {%- if message['role'] == 'user' %}\n        {%- if loop.first and system_message is defined %}\n            {{- ' [INST] ' + system_message + '\\n\\n' + message['content'] + ' [/INST]' }}\n        {%- else %}\n            {{- ' [INST] ' + message['content'] + ' [/INST]' }}\n        {%- endif %}\n    {%- elif message['role'] == 'assistant' %}\n        {{- ' ' + message['content'] + eos_token}}\n    {%- else %}\n        {{- raise_exception('Only user and assistant roles are supported, with the exception of an initial optional system message!') }}\n    {%- endif %}\n{%- endfor %}\n",
             /* .expected_output= */ " [INST] You are a helpful assistant\n\nHello [/INST] Hi there</s> [INST] Who are you [/INST]    I am an assistant   </s> [INST] Another question [/INST]",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "",
+            /* .bos_token= */ "",
+            /* .eos_token= */ "</s>",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "Mistral-Large-Instruct-2407 (mistralai 'v3' template; modified to have system prompt at start)",
             /* .template_str= */ "{%- if messages[0][\"role\"] == \"system\" %}\n    {%- set system_message = messages[0][\"content\"] %}\n    {%- set loop_messages = messages[1:] %}\n{%- else %}\n    {%- set loop_messages = messages %}\n{%- endif %}\n{%- if not tools is defined %}\n    {%- set tools = none %}\n{%- endif %}\n{%- set user_messages = loop_messages | selectattr(\"role\", \"equalto\", \"user\") | list %}\n\n{#- This block checks for alternating user/assistant messages, skipping tool calling messages #}\n{%- set ns = namespace() %}\n{%- set ns.index = 0 %}\n{%- for message in loop_messages %}\n    {%- if not (message.role == \"tool\" or message.role == \"tool_results\" or (message.tool_calls is defined and message.tool_calls is not none)) %}\n        {%- if (message[\"role\"] == \"user\") != (ns.index % 2 == 0) %}\n            {{- raise_exception(\"After the optional system message, conversation roles must alternate user/assistant/user/assistant/...\") }}\n        {%- endif %}\n        {%- set ns.index = ns.index + 1 %}\n    {%- endif %}\n{%- endfor %}\n\n{{- bos_token }}\n{%- for message in loop_messages %}\n    {%- if message[\"role\"] == \"user\" %}\n        {%- if tools is not none and (message == user_messages[-1]) %}\n            {{- \"[AVAILABLE_TOOLS] [\" }}\n            {%- for tool in tools %}\n                {%- set tool = tool.function %}\n                {{- '{\"type\": \"function\", \"function\": {' }}\n                {%- for key, val in tool.items() if key != \"return\" %}\n                    {%- if val is string %}\n                        {{- '\"' + key + '\": \"' + val + '\"' }}\n                    {%- else %}\n                        {{- '\"' + key + '\": ' + val|tojson }}\n                    {%- endif %}\n                    {%- if not loop.last %}\n                        {{- \", \" }}\n                    {%- endif %}\n                {%- endfor %}\n                {{- \"}}\" }}\n                {%- if not loop.last %}\n                    {{- \", \" }}\n                {%- else %}\n                    {{- \"]\" }}\n                {%- endif %}\n            {%- endfor %}\n            {{- \"[/AVAILABLE_TOOLS]\" }}\n            {%- endif %}\n        {%- if loop.last and system_message is defined %}\n            {{- \"[INST] \" + system_message + \"\\n\\n\" + message[\"content\"] + \"[/INST]\" }}\n        {%- else %}\n            {{- \"[INST] \" + message[\"content\"] + \"[/INST]\" }}\n        {%- endif %}\n    {%- elif message.tool_calls is defined and message.tool_calls is not none %}\n        {{- \"[TOOL_CALLS] [\" }}\n        {%- for tool_call in message.tool_calls %}\n            {%- set out = tool_call.function|tojson %}\n            {{- out[:-1] }}\n            {%- if not tool_call.id is defined or tool_call.id|length != 9 %}\n                {{- raise_exception(\"Tool call IDs should be alphanumeric strings with length 9!\") }}\n            {%- endif %}\n            {{- ', \"id\": \"' + tool_call.id + '\"}' }}\n            {%- if not loop.last %}\n                {{- \", \" }}\n            {%- else %}\n                {{- \"]\" + eos_token }}\n            {%- endif %}\n        {%- endfor %}\n    {%- elif message[\"role\"] == \"assistant\" %}\n        {{- \" \" + message[\"content\"]|trim + eos_token}}\n    {%- elif message[\"role\"] == \"tool_results\" or message[\"role\"] == \"tool\" %}\n        {%- if message.content is defined and message.content.content is defined %}\n            {%- set content = message.content.content %}\n        {%- else %}\n            {%- set content = message.content %}\n        {%- endif %}\n        {{- '[TOOL_RESULTS] {\"content\": ' + content|string + \", \" }}\n        {%- if not message.tool_call_id is defined or message.tool_call_id|length != 9 %}\n            {{- raise_exception(\"Tool call IDs should be alphanumeric strings with length 9!\") }}\n        {%- endif %}\n        {{- '\"call_id\": \"' + message.tool_call_id + '\"}[/TOOL_RESULTS]' }}\n    {%- else %}\n        {{- raise_exception(\"Only user and assistant roles are supported, with the exception of an initial optional system message!\") }}\n    {%- endif %}\n{%- endfor %}\n",
-            /* .expected_output= */ "[INST] You are a helpful assistant\n\nHello[/INST] Hi there</s>[INST] Who are you[/INST] I am an assistant</s>[INST] Another question[/INST]",
+            /* .expected_output= */       "[INST] You are a helpful assistant\n\nHello[/INST] Hi there</s>[INST] Who are you[/INST] I am an assistant</s>[INST] Another question[/INST]",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "[INST] Hello[/INST] Hi there</s>[INST] Who are you[/INST] I am an assistant</s>[INST] You are a helpful assistant\n\nAnother question[/INST]",
+            /* .bos_token= */ "",
+            /* .eos_token= */ "</s>",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "Mistral-Nemo-Instruct-2407 (mistralai 'v3-tekken' template; modified to have system prompt at start)",
             /* .template_str= */ "{%- if messages[0][\"role\"] == \"system\" %}\n    {%- set system_message = messages[0][\"content\"] %}\n    {%- set loop_messages = messages[1:] %}\n{%- else %}\n    {%- set loop_messages = messages %}\n{%- endif %}\n{%- if not tools is defined %}\n    {%- set tools = none %}\n{%- endif %}\n{%- set user_messages = loop_messages | selectattr(\"role\", \"equalto\", \"user\") | list %}\n\n{#- This block checks for alternating user/assistant messages, skipping tool calling messages #}\n{%- set ns = namespace() %}\n{%- set ns.index = 0 %}\n{%- for message in loop_messages %}\n    {%- if not (message.role == \"tool\" or message.role == \"tool_results\" or (message.tool_calls is defined and message.tool_calls is not none)) %}\n        {%- if (message[\"role\"] == \"user\") != (ns.index % 2 == 0) %}\n            {{- raise_exception(\"After the optional system message, conversation roles must alternate user/assistant/user/assistant/...\") }}\n        {%- endif %}\n        {%- set ns.index = ns.index + 1 %}\n    {%- endif %}\n{%- endfor %}\n\n{{- bos_token }}\n{%- for message in loop_messages %}\n    {%- if message[\"role\"] == \"user\" %}\n        {%- if tools is not none and (message == user_messages[-1]) %}\n            {{- \"[AVAILABLE_TOOLS][\" }}\n            {%- for tool in tools %}\n                {%- set tool = tool.function %}\n                {{- '{\"type\": \"function\", \"function\": {' }}\n                {%- for key, val in tool.items() if key != \"return\" %}\n                    {%- if val is string %}\n                        {{- '\"' + key + '\": \"' + val + '\"' }}\n                    {%- else %}\n                        {{- '\"' + key + '\": ' + val|tojson }}\n                    {%- endif %}\n                    {%- if not loop.last %}\n                        {{- \", \" }}\n                    {%- endif %}\n                {%- endfor %}\n                {{- \"}}\" }}\n                {%- if not loop.last %}\n                    {{- \", \" }}\n                {%- else %}\n                    {{- \"]\" }}\n                {%- endif %}\n            {%- endfor %}\n            {{- \"[/AVAILABLE_TOOLS]\" }}\n            {%- endif %}\n        {%- if loop.last and system_message is defined %}\n            {{- \"[INST]\" + system_message + \"\\n\\n\" + message[\"content\"] + \"[/INST]\" }}\n        {%- else %}\n            {{- \"[INST]\" + message[\"content\"] + \"[/INST]\" }}\n        {%- endif %}\n    {%- elif (message.tool_calls is defined and message.tool_calls is not none) %}\n        {{- \"[TOOL_CALLS][\" }}\n        {%- for tool_call in message.tool_calls %}\n            {%- set out = tool_call.function|tojson %}\n            {{- out[:-1] }}\n            {%- if not tool_call.id is defined or tool_call.id|length != 9 %}\n                {{- raise_exception(\"Tool call IDs should be alphanumeric strings with length 9!\") }}\n            {%- endif %}\n            {{- ', \"id\": \"' + tool_call.id + '\"}' }}\n            {%- if not loop.last %}\n                {{- \", \" }}\n            {%- else %}\n                {{- \"]\" + eos_token }}\n            {%- endif %}\n        {%- endfor %}\n    {%- elif message[\"role\"] == \"assistant\" %}\n        {{- message[\"content\"] + eos_token}}\n    {%- elif message[\"role\"] == \"tool_results\" or message[\"role\"] == \"tool\" %}\n        {%- if message.content is defined and message.content.content is defined %}\n            {%- set content = message.content.content %}\n        {%- else %}\n            {%- set content = message.content %}\n        {%- endif %}\n        {{- '[TOOL_RESULTS]{\"content\": ' + content|string + \", \" }}\n        {%- if not message.tool_call_id is defined or message.tool_call_id|length != 9 %}\n            {{- raise_exception(\"Tool call IDs should be alphanumeric strings with length 9!\") }}\n        {%- endif %}\n        {{- '\"call_id\": \"' + message.tool_call_id + '\"}[/TOOL_RESULTS]' }}\n    {%- else %}\n        {{- raise_exception(\"Only user and assistant roles are supported, with the exception of an initial optional system message!\") }}\n    {%- endif %}\n{%- endfor %}\n",
-            /* .expected_output= */ "[INST]You are a helpful assistant\n\nHello[/INST]Hi there</s>[INST]Who are you[/INST]   I am an assistant   </s>[INST]Another question[/INST]",
+            /* .expected_output= */       "[INST]You are a helpful assistant\n\nHello[/INST]Hi there</s>[INST]Who are you[/INST]   I am an assistant   </s>[INST]Another question[/INST]",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "[INST]Hello[/INST]Hi there</s>[INST]Who are you[/INST]   I am an assistant   </s>[INST]You are a helpful assistant\n\nAnother question[/INST]",
+            /* .bos_token= */ "",
+            /* .eos_token= */ "</s>",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "mistralai/Mistral-Large-Instruct-2411 (mistralai 'v7' template)",
             /* .template_str= */ "{{ bos_token }}{% for message in messages %}{% if message['role'] == 'user' %}{{ '[INST] ' + message['content'] + '[/INST]' }}{% elif message['role'] == 'system' %}{{ '[SYSTEM_PROMPT] ' + message['content'] + '[/SYSTEM_PROMPT]' }}{% elif message['role'] == 'assistant' %}{{ ' ' + message['content'] + eos_token }}{% else %}{{ raise_exception('Only user, system and assistant roles are supported!') }}{% endif %}{% endfor %}",
             /* .expected_output= */ "[SYSTEM_PROMPT] You are a helpful assistant[/SYSTEM_PROMPT][INST] Hello[/INST] Hi there</s>[INST] Who are you[/INST]    I am an assistant   </s>[INST] Another question[/INST]",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "",
+            /* .bos_token= */ "",
+            /* .eos_token= */ "</s>",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "ai-sage/GigaChat-20B-A3B-instruct",
             /* .template_str= */ "{% if messages[0]['role'] == 'system' -%}\n    {%- set loop_messages = messages[1:] -%}\n    {%- set system_message = bos_token + messages[0]['content'] + additional_special_tokens[1] -%}\n{%- else -%}\n    {%- set loop_messages = messages -%}\n    {%- set system_message = bos_token + '' -%}\n{%- endif -%}\n{%- for message in loop_messages %}\n    {% if (message['role'] == 'user') != (loop.index0 % 2 == 0) %}\n        {{ raise_exception('Conversation roles must alternate user/assistant/user/assistant/...') }}\n    {% endif %}\n    \n    {%- if loop.index0 == 0 -%}\n        {{ system_message -}}\n    {%- endif -%}\n    {%- if message['role'] == 'user' -%}\n        {{ message['role'] + additional_special_tokens[0] + message['content'] + additional_special_tokens[1] -}}\n        {{ 'available functions' + additional_special_tokens[0] + additional_special_tokens[2] + additional_special_tokens[3]  + additional_special_tokens[1] -}}\n    {%- endif -%}\n    {%- if message['role'] == 'assistant' -%}\n        {{ message['role'] + additional_special_tokens[0] + message['content'] + additional_special_tokens[1] -}}\n    {%- endif -%}\n    {%- if loop.last and add_generation_prompt -%}\n        {{ 'assistant' + additional_special_tokens[0] -}}\n    {%- endif -%}\n{%- endfor %}",
             /* .expected_output= */ "<s>You are a helpful assistant<|message_sep|>user<|role_sep|>Hello<|message_sep|>available functions<|role_sep|>[]<|message_sep|>assistant<|role_sep|>Hi there<|message_sep|>user<|role_sep|>Who are you<|message_sep|>available functions<|role_sep|>[]<|message_sep|>assistant<|role_sep|>   I am an assistant   <|message_sep|>user<|role_sep|>Another question<|message_sep|>available functions<|role_sep|>[]<|message_sep|>assistant<|role_sep|>",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "",
+            /* .bos_token= */ "",
+            /* .eos_token= */ "",
+            /* .supported_with_jinja= */ false, // Requires additional_special_tokens as extra context
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "Infinigence/Megrez-3B-Instruct",
             /* .template_str= */ u8"{% for message in messages %}{% if loop.first and messages[0]['role'] != 'system' %}{{ '<|role_start|>system<|role_end|>你是Megrez-3B-Instruct，将针对用户的问题给出详细的、积极的回答。<|turn_end|>' }}{% endif %}{{ '<|role_start|>' + message['role'] + '<|role_end|>' + message['content'] + '<|turn_end|>' }}{% endfor %}{% if add_generation_prompt %}{{ '<|role_start|>assistant<|role_end|>' }}{% endif %}",
             /* .expected_output= */ "<|role_start|>system<|role_end|>You are a helpful assistant<|turn_end|><|role_start|>user<|role_end|>Hello<|turn_end|><|role_start|>assistant<|role_end|>Hi there<|turn_end|><|role_start|>user<|role_end|>Who are you<|turn_end|><|role_start|>assistant<|role_end|>   I am an assistant   <|turn_end|><|role_start|>user<|role_end|>Another question<|turn_end|><|role_start|>assistant<|role_end|>",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "",
+            /* .bos_token= */ "",
+            /* .eos_token= */ "",
         },
         {
             /* .name= */ "phi-4",
             /* .template_str= */ "{% for message in messages %}{% if (message['role'] == 'system') %}{{'<|im_start|>system<|im_sep|>' + message['content'] + '<|im_end|>'}}{% elif (message['role'] == 'user') %}{{'<|im_start|>user<|im_sep|>' + message['content'] + '<|im_end|><|im_start|>assistant<|im_sep|>'}}{% elif (message['role'] == 'assistant') %}{{message['content'] + '<|im_end|>'}}{% endif %}{% endfor %}",
             /* .expected_output= */ "<|im_start|>system<|im_sep|>You are a helpful assistant<|im_end|><|im_start|>user<|im_sep|>Hello<|im_end|><|im_start|>assistant<|im_sep|>Hi there<|im_end|><|im_start|>user<|im_sep|>Who are you<|im_end|><|im_start|>assistant<|im_sep|>   I am an assistant   <|im_end|><|im_start|>user<|im_sep|>Another question<|im_end|><|im_start|>assistant<|im_sep|>",
+            /* .expected_output_jinja= */ "",
+            /* .bos_token= */ "",
+            /* .eos_token= */ "",
         },
     };
     std::vector<char> formatted_chat(1024);
@@ -190,6 +272,7 @@ int main(void) {
     // test invalid chat template
     res = llama_chat_apply_template("INVALID TEMPLATE", conversation.data(), conversation.size(), true, formatted_chat.data(), formatted_chat.size());
     assert(res < 0);
+    const auto add_generation_prompt = true;
 
     for (const auto & test_case : test_cases) {
         printf("\n\n=== %s ===\n\n", test_case.name.c_str());
@@ -198,26 +281,59 @@ int main(void) {
             test_case.template_str.c_str(),
             conversation.data(),
             conversation.size(),
-            true,
+            add_generation_prompt,
             formatted_chat.data(),
             formatted_chat.size()
         );
         formatted_chat.resize(res);
         std::string output(formatted_chat.data(), formatted_chat.size());
-        printf("%s\n", output.c_str());
-        printf("-------------------------\n");
-        assert(output == test_case.expected_output);
+        if (output != test_case.expected_output) {
+            printf("Expected:\n%s\n", test_case.expected_output.c_str());
+            printf("-------------------------\n");
+            printf("Actual:\n%s\n", output.c_str());
+            fflush(stdout);
+            assert(output == test_case.expected_output);
+        }
     }
 
+    json messages = json::array();
+    for (const auto & msg : conversation) {
+        messages.push_back({
+            {"role", msg.role},
+            {"content", msg.content},
+        });
+    }
+    for (const auto & test_case : test_cases) {
+        if (!test_case.supported_with_jinja) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        printf("\n\n=== %s (jinja) ===\n\n", test_case.name.c_str());
+        try {
+            minja::chat_template tmpl(test_case.template_str, test_case.bos_token, test_case.eos_token);
+            auto output = normalize_newlines(tmpl.apply(messages, json(), add_generation_prompt));
+            auto expected_output = normalize_newlines(test_case.expected_output_jinja.empty() ? test_case.expected_output : test_case.expected_output_jinja);
+            if (output != expected_output) {
+                printf("Expected:\n%s\n", expected_output.c_str());
+                printf("-------------------------\n");
+                printf("Actual:\n%s\n", output.c_str());
+                fflush(stdout);
+                assert(output == expected_output);
+            }
+        } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+            printf("ERROR: %s\n", e.what());
+            assert(false);
+        }
+    }
 
     // test llama_chat_format_single for system message
     printf("\n\n=== llama_chat_format_single (system message) ===\n\n");
     std::vector<common_chat_msg> chat2;
-    common_chat_msg sys_msg{"system", "You are a helpful assistant"};
+    common_chat_msg sys_msg{"system", "You are a helpful assistant", {}};
 
-    auto fmt_sys = [&](std::string tmpl) {
-        auto output = common_chat_format_single(nullptr, tmpl, chat2, sys_msg, false);
-        printf("fmt_sys(%s) : %s\n", tmpl.c_str(), output.c_str());
+    auto fmt_sys = [&](std::string tmpl_str) {
+        minja::chat_template tmpl(tmpl_str, "", "");
+        auto output = common_chat_format_single(tmpl, chat2, sys_msg, false, /* use_jinja= */ false);
+        printf("fmt_sys(%s) : %s\n", tmpl_str.c_str(), output.c_str());
         printf("-------------------------\n");
         return output;
     };
@@ -236,14 +352,15 @@ int main(void) {
 
     // test llama_chat_format_single for user message
     printf("\n\n=== llama_chat_format_single (user message) ===\n\n");
-    chat2.push_back({"system", "You are a helpful assistant"});
-    chat2.push_back({"user", "Hello"});
-    chat2.push_back({"assistant", "I am assistant"});
-    common_chat_msg new_msg{"user", "How are you"};
+    chat2.push_back({"system", "You are a helpful assistant", {}});
+    chat2.push_back({"user", "Hello", {}});
+    chat2.push_back({"assistant", "I am assistant", {}});
+    common_chat_msg new_msg{"user", "How are you", {}};
 
-    auto fmt_single = [&](std::string tmpl) {
-        auto output = common_chat_format_single(nullptr, tmpl, chat2, new_msg, true);
-        printf("fmt_single(%s) : %s\n", tmpl.c_str(), output.c_str());
+    auto fmt_single = [&](std::string tmpl_str) {
+        minja::chat_template tmpl(tmpl_str, "", "");
+        auto output = common_chat_format_single(tmpl, chat2, new_msg, true, /* use_jinja= */ false);
+        printf("fmt_single(%s) : %s\n", tmpl_str.c_str(), output.c_str());
         printf("-------------------------\n");
         return output;
     };
@@ -258,7 +375,5 @@ int main(void) {
     assert(fmt_single("llama3") == "<|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\nHow are you<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n");
     assert(fmt_single("gigachat") == "user<|role_sep|>How are you<|message_sep|>available functions<|role_sep|>[]<|message_sep|>assistant<|role_sep|>");
 
-    printf("Test chat templates: OK\n");
-
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/tests/test-chat.cpp b/tests/test-chat.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ccc65d87ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test-chat.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
+//  Tests chat handling, including grammar generation and parsing for tool calling, for various templates.
+//
+//  Also acts as a CLI to generate a Markdown summary of the formats of Jinja templates,
+//  e.g. given Minja (http://github.com/google/minja) checked out in parent dir:
+//
+//    cmake -B build && cmake --build build --parallel && ./build/bin/test-chat ../minja/build/tests/*.jinja 2>/dev/null
+//
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <json.hpp>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "chat-template.hpp"
+#include "chat.hpp"
+#include "llama-grammar.h"
+#include "unicode.h"
+
+using json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
+
+static common_chat_msg msg_from_json(const json & message) {
+    common_chat_msg ret{
+        "assistant",
+        "",
+        {},
+    };
+    if (message.contains("content") && !message.at("content").is_null()) {
+        ret.content = message.at("content").get<std::string>();
+    }
+    auto has_tool_calls = message.contains("tool_calls");
+    if (has_tool_calls) {
+        for (const auto & tc : message.at("tool_calls")) {
+            const auto & arguments = tc.at("function").at("arguments");
+            ret.tool_calls.push_back({
+                tc.at("function").at("name").get<std::string>(),
+                arguments.is_string() ? arguments.get<std::string>() : arguments.dump(),
+                tc.contains("id") ? tc.at("id").get<std::string>() : "",
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+template <class T> static void assert_equals(const T & expected, const T & actual) {
+    if (expected != actual) {
+        std::cerr << "Expected: " << expected << std::endl;
+        std::cerr << "Actual: " << actual << std::endl;
+        std::cerr << std::flush;
+        throw std::runtime_error("Test failed");
+    }
+}
+
+static std::string read_file(const std::string & path) {
+    std::cerr << "# Reading: " << path << std::endl << std::flush;
+    std::ifstream fs(path, std::ios_base::binary);
+    if (!fs.is_open()) {
+        fs = std::ifstream("../" + path, std::ios_base::binary);
+        if (!fs.is_open()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Failed to open file: " + path);
+        }
+    }
+    fs.seekg(0, std::ios_base::end);
+    auto size = fs.tellg();
+    fs.seekg(0);
+    std::string out;
+    out.resize(static_cast<size_t>(size));
+    fs.read(&out[0], static_cast<std::streamsize>(size));
+    return out;
+}
+
+static std::unique_ptr<llama_grammar> build_grammar(const std::string & grammar_str) {
+    return std::unique_ptr<llama_grammar>(
+        llama_grammar_init_impl(nullptr, grammar_str.c_str(), "root", false, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0));
+}
+
+// TODO: extract to common helper (copied from test-grammar-integration.cpp)
+static bool match_string(const std::string & input, llama_grammar * grammar) {
+    const auto cpts = unicode_cpts_from_utf8(input);
+
+    auto & stacks_cur = llama_grammar_get_stacks(grammar);
+
+    for (const auto & cpt : cpts) {
+        llama_grammar_accept(grammar, cpt);
+
+        if (stacks_cur.empty()) {
+            // no stacks means that the grammar failed to match at this point
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (const auto & stack : stacks_cur) {
+        if (stack.empty()) {
+            // An empty stack means that the grammar has been completed
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+// Dumps `{"a": 1}` as `"{\"a\": 1}"`, unlike nlohmann::json::dump which would dump it as `"{\"a\":1}"`.
+static std::string dump(const json & j) {
+    return minja::Value(j).dump(-1, /* to_json= */ true);
+}
+
+static void assert_msg_equals(const common_chat_msg & expected, const common_chat_msg & actual) {
+    assert_equals(expected.role, actual.role);
+    assert_equals(expected.content, actual.content);
+    assert_equals(expected.tool_calls.size(), actual.tool_calls.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < expected.tool_calls.size(); i++) {
+        const auto & expected_tool_call = expected.tool_calls[i];
+        const auto & actual_tool_call   = actual.tool_calls[i];
+        assert_equals(expected_tool_call.name, actual_tool_call.name);
+        assert_equals(dump(json::parse(expected_tool_call.arguments)), dump(json::parse(actual_tool_call.arguments)));
+        assert_equals(expected_tool_call.id, actual_tool_call.id);
+    }
+}
+
+const auto special_function_tool = json::parse(R"({
+  "type": "function",
+  "function": {
+    "name": "special_function",
+    "description": "I'm special",
+    "parameters": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "properties": {
+        "arg1": {
+          "type": "integer",
+          "description": "The arg."
+        }
+      },
+      "required": ["arg1"]
+    }
+  }
+})");
+const auto python_tool           = json::parse(R"({
+  "type": "function",
+  "function": {
+    "name": "python",
+    "description": "an ipython interpreter",
+    "parameters": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "properties": {
+        "code": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "description": "Python code to execute."
+        }
+      },
+      "required": ["code"]
+    }
+  }
+})");
+const auto code_interpreter_tool = json::parse(R"({
+  "type": "function",
+  "function": {
+    "name": "code_interpreter",
+    "description": "an ipython interpreter",
+    "parameters": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "properties": {
+        "code": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "description": "Python code to execute."
+        }
+      },
+      "required": ["code"]
+    }
+  }
+})");
+const json tools                 = { special_function_tool, python_tool };
+const json llama_3_1_tools       = { special_function_tool, code_interpreter_tool };
+
+struct delta_data {
+    std::string        delta;
+    std::string        grammar;
+    common_chat_format format;
+};
+
+static delta_data init_delta(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const std::vector<std::string> & end_tokens,
+                             const json & user_message, const json & delta_message, const json & tools,
+                             const json & tool_choice) {
+    common_chat_inputs inputs;
+    inputs.parallel_tool_calls = true;
+    inputs.messages            = json::array();
+    inputs.messages.push_back(user_message);
+    inputs.tools       = tools;
+    inputs.tool_choice = tool_choice;
+    auto params_prefix = common_chat_params_init(tmpl, inputs);
+
+    inputs.messages.push_back(delta_message);
+    inputs.add_generation_prompt = false;
+    auto params_full             = common_chat_params_init(tmpl, inputs);
+
+    std::string prefix = params_prefix.prompt;
+    std::string full   = params_full.prompt;
+
+    // Check full starts with prefix
+    if (full.find(prefix) != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Full:\n%s\n\nPrefix:\n%s\n\n", full.c_str(), prefix.c_str());
+        throw std::runtime_error("Full message does not start with prefix");
+    }
+
+    if (full == prefix) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Full message is the same as the prefix");
+    }
+
+    auto delta = full.substr(prefix.size());
+
+    // Strip end tokens
+    for (const auto & end_token : end_tokens) {
+        // rfind to find the last occurrence
+        auto pos = delta.rfind(end_token);
+        if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+            delta = delta.substr(0, pos);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return { delta, params_full.grammar, params_full.format };
+}
+
+/*
+  Applies the template to 1 user message w/ add_generation_prompt=true, then w/ the test message w/ add_generation_prompt=false,
+  gets the diff, removes any end tokens and parses the result w/ the grammar, checking that
+  the parsed message is the same as the test_message
+*/
+static void test_template(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const std::vector<std::string> & end_tokens,
+                          const json & test_message, const json & tools = {}, const std::string & expected_delta = "",
+                          bool skip_grammar_test = false, bool skip_parser_test = false) {
+    common_chat_msg expected_msg = msg_from_json(test_message);
+
+    auto user_message = json{
+        { "role",    "user"          },
+        { "content", "Hello, world!" }
+    };
+
+    for (const auto & tool_choice : json({ "auto", "required" })) {
+        auto data = init_delta(tmpl, end_tokens, user_message, test_message, tools, tool_choice);
+        if (!expected_delta.empty()) {
+            assert_equals(expected_delta, data.delta);
+        }
+
+        if (!skip_parser_test) {
+            const auto msg = common_chat_parse(data.delta, data.format);
+            assert_msg_equals(expected_msg, msg);
+        }
+
+        if (!expected_msg.tool_calls.empty()) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(!data.grammar.empty());
+        }
+        if (!data.grammar.empty()) {
+            auto grammar = build_grammar(data.grammar);
+            if (!grammar) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("Failed to build grammar");
+            }
+            // TODO: exercice lazy grammars + triggers here, instead of skipping the test
+            if (!skip_grammar_test) {
+                if (!match_string(data.delta, grammar.get())) {
+                    throw std::runtime_error("Failed to match delta against grammar:\n\n" + data.delta +
+                                             "\n\nGrammar: " + data.grammar);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void test_template_output_parsers() {
+    auto text_message = json{
+        { "role",    "assistant"     },
+        { "content", "Hello, world!" },
+    };
+    auto tool_call_message = json{
+        { "role",       "assistant"                },
+        { "content",    {}                         },
+        { "tool_calls", json{ {
+                            { "type", "function" },
+                            { "function", { { "name", "special_function" }, { "arguments", "{\"arg1\": 1}" } } },
+                        } } }
+    };
+    auto tool_call_message_with_id                   = json::parse(tool_call_message.dump());
+    tool_call_message_with_id["tool_calls"][0]["id"] = "123456789";
+
+    auto python_tool_call_message = json{
+        { "role",       "assistant"                },
+        { "content",    {}                         },
+        { "tool_calls", json{ {
+                            { "type", "function" },
+                            { "function",
+                              {
+                                  { "name", "python" },
+                                  { "arguments",
+                                    {
+                                        { "code", "print('hey')" },
+                                    } },
+                              } },
+                        } } }
+    };
+    auto code_interpreter_tool_call_message = json{
+        { "role",       "assistant"                },
+        { "content",    {}                         },
+        { "tool_calls", json{ {
+                            { "type", "function" },
+                            { "function",
+                              {
+                                  { "name", "code_interpreter" },
+                                  { "arguments",
+                                    {
+                                        { "code", "print('hey')" },
+                                    } },
+                              } },
+                        } } }
+    };
+
+    common_chat_inputs inputs_no_tools;
+    inputs_no_tools.messages = {
+        { { "role", "user" }, { "content", "Hey" } }
+    };
+
+    common_chat_inputs inputs_tools = inputs_no_tools;
+    inputs_tools.tools              = json::array();
+    inputs_tools.tools.push_back(special_function_tool);
+
+    common_chat_inputs inputs_tools_builtin = inputs_no_tools;
+    inputs_tools_builtin.tools              = json::array();
+    inputs_tools_builtin.tools.push_back(python_tool);
+
+    {
+        const common_chat_template tmpl(read_file("models/templates/google-gemma-2-2b-it.jinja"), "<s>", "</s>");
+        std::vector<std::string>   end_tokens{ "<end_of_turn>" };
+
+        assert_equals(COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_CONTENT_ONLY, common_chat_params_init(tmpl, inputs_no_tools).format);
+        assert_equals(COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GENERIC, common_chat_params_init(tmpl, inputs_tools).format);
+        assert_equals(COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GENERIC,
+                      common_chat_params_init(
+                          common_chat_template(read_file("models/templates/microsoft-Phi-3.5-mini-instruct.jinja"),
+                                               "<s>", "</s>"),
+                          inputs_tools)
+                          .format);
+
+        // Generic tool calls doesn't generate / parse content-only messages symmetrically.
+
+        assert_msg_equals(msg_from_json(text_message),
+                          common_chat_parse("{\n"
+                                            "  \"response\": \"Hello, world!\"\n"
+                                            "}",
+                                            common_chat_params_init(tmpl, inputs_tools).format));
+        test_template(tmpl, end_tokens, tool_call_message_with_id, tools,
+                      "{\n"
+                      "  \"tool_calls\": [\n"
+                      "    {\n"
+                      "      \"name\": \"special_function\",\n"
+                      "      \"arguments\": {\n"
+                      "        \"arg1\": 1\n"
+                      "      },\n"
+                      "      \"id\": \"123456789\"\n"
+                      "    }\n"
+                      "  ]\n"
+                      "}");
+    }
+    {
+        const common_chat_template tmpl(read_file("models/templates/mistralai-Mistral-Nemo-Instruct-2407.jinja"), "<s>",
+                                        "</s>");
+        std::vector<std::string>   end_tokens{ "</s>" };
+
+        assert_equals(COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_MISTRAL_NEMO, common_chat_params_init(tmpl, inputs_tools).format);
+
+        test_template(tmpl, end_tokens, text_message, tools, "Hello, world!", /* skip_grammar_test= */ true);
+        test_template(
+            tmpl, end_tokens, tool_call_message_with_id, tools,
+            "[TOOL_CALLS][{\"name\": \"special_function\", \"arguments\": {\"arg1\": 1}, \"id\": \"123456789\"}]",
+            /* skip_grammar_test= */ true);
+    }
+    {
+        const common_chat_template tmpl(
+            read_file("models/templates/NousResearch-Hermes-2-Pro-Llama-3-8B-tool_use.jinja"), "<s>", "</s>");
+        std::vector<std::string> end_tokens{ "<|im_end|>" };
+
+        assert_equals(COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_HERMES_2_PRO, common_chat_params_init(tmpl, inputs_tools).format);
+        assert_equals(
+            COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_HERMES_2_PRO,
+            common_chat_params_init(
+                common_chat_template(read_file("models/templates/NousResearch-Hermes-3-Llama-3.1-8B-tool_use.jinja"),
+                                     "<s>", "</s>"),
+                inputs_tools)
+                .format);
+        assert_equals(
+            COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_HERMES_2_PRO,
+            common_chat_params_init(
+                common_chat_template(read_file("models/templates/Qwen-Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct.jinja"), "<s>", "</s>"),
+                inputs_tools)
+                .format);
+
+        test_template(tmpl, end_tokens, text_message, tools, "Hello, world!", /* skip_grammar_test= */ true);
+        test_template(tmpl, end_tokens, tool_call_message, tools,
+                      "<tool_call>\n"
+                      "{\"name\": \"special_function\", \"arguments\": {\"arg1\": 1}}\n"
+                      "</tool_call>");
+        test_template(tmpl, end_tokens, python_tool_call_message, tools,
+                      "<tool_call>\n"
+                      "{\"name\": \"python\", \"arguments\": {\"code\": \"print('hey')\"}}\n"
+                      "</tool_call>");
+    }
+    {
+        const common_chat_template tmpl(read_file("models/templates/meta-llama-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct.jinja"), "<s>",
+                                        "</s>");
+        std::vector<std::string>   end_tokens{ "<|eom_id|>", "<|eot_id|>" };
+
+        assert_equals(COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X, common_chat_params_init(tmpl, inputs_tools).format);
+        assert_equals(COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X_WITH_BUILTIN_TOOLS,
+                      common_chat_params_init(tmpl, inputs_tools_builtin).format);
+        assert_equals(COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X_WITH_BUILTIN_TOOLS,
+                      common_chat_params_init(
+                          common_chat_template(read_file("models/templates/meta-llama-Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct.jinja"),
+                                               "<s>", "</s>"),
+                          inputs_tools_builtin)
+                          .format);
+
+        // test_template(tmpl, end_tokens, text_message, tools, R"(?)", /* skip_grammar_test= */ true);
+        test_template(tmpl, end_tokens, code_interpreter_tool_call_message, llama_3_1_tools,
+                      "<|python_tag|>code_interpreter.call(code=\"print('hey')\")");
+        test_template(tmpl, end_tokens, python_tool_call_message, tools,
+                      "<|python_tag|>python.call(code=\"print('hey')\")");
+        test_template(tmpl, end_tokens, tool_call_message, tools,
+                      "{\"name\": \"special_function\", \"parameters\": {\"arg1\": 1}}");
+    }
+    {
+        const common_chat_template tmpl(read_file("models/templates/meta-llama-Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct.jinja"), "<s>",
+                                        "</s>");
+        std::vector<std::string>   end_tokens{ "<|eom_id|>", "<|eot_id|>" };
+
+        assert_equals(COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LLAMA_3_X, common_chat_params_init(tmpl, inputs_tools).format);
+
+        test_template(tmpl, end_tokens, text_message, tools, "Hello, world!", /* skip_grammar_test= */ true);
+        test_template(tmpl, end_tokens, tool_call_message, tools,
+                      "{\"name\": \"special_function\", \"parameters\": {\"arg1\": 1}}");
+    }
+    {
+        const common_chat_template tmpl(read_file("models/templates/meetkai-functionary-medium-v3.1.jinja"), "<s>",
+                                        "</s>");
+        std::vector<std::string>   end_tokens{ "<|eom_id|>", "<|eot_id|>" };
+
+        assert_equals(COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_1_LLAMA_3_1,
+                      common_chat_params_init(tmpl, inputs_tools).format);
+
+        test_template(tmpl, end_tokens, text_message, tools, "Hello, world!", /* skip_grammar_test= */ true);
+        test_template(tmpl, end_tokens, tool_call_message, tools,
+                      "<function=special_function>{\"arg1\": 1}</function>");
+    }
+    {
+        const common_chat_template tmpl(read_file("models/templates/meetkai-functionary-medium-v3.2.jinja"), "<s>",
+                                        "</s>");
+        std::vector<std::string>   end_tokens{ "<|eom_id|>", "<|eot_id|>" };
+
+        assert_equals(COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_2, common_chat_params_init(tmpl, inputs_no_tools).format);
+        assert_equals(COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_2, common_chat_params_init(tmpl, inputs_tools).format);
+
+        test_template(tmpl, end_tokens, text_message, {},
+                      "all\n"
+                      "Hello, world!",
+                      /* skip_grammar_test= */ true);
+        test_template(tmpl, end_tokens, tool_call_message, tools,
+                      "special_function\n"
+                      "{\"arg1\": 1}");
+    }
+    {
+        const common_chat_template tmpl(read_file("models/templates/fireworks-ai-llama-3-firefunction-v2.jinja"), "<s>",
+                                        "</s>");
+        std::vector<std::string>   end_tokens{ "<|eot_id|>" };
+
+        assert_equals(COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FIREFUNCTION_V2, common_chat_params_init(tmpl, inputs_tools).format);
+
+        test_template(tmpl, end_tokens, text_message, tools, "Hello, world!", /* skip_grammar_test= */ true);
+        test_template(tmpl, end_tokens, tool_call_message, tools,
+                      " functools[{\"name\": \"special_function\", \"arguments\": {\"arg1\": 1}}]");
+    }
+    {
+        const common_chat_template tmpl(read_file("models/templates/deepseek-ai-DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B.jinja"),
+                                        "<s>", "</s>");
+        std::vector<std::string>   end_tokens{ "<｜end▁of▁sentence｜>" };
+
+        assert_equals(COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_R1, common_chat_params_init(tmpl, inputs_tools).format);
+
+        test_template(tmpl, end_tokens, text_message, tools, "Hello, world!", /* skip_grammar_test= */ true);
+        test_template(tmpl, end_tokens, tool_call_message, tools,
+                      "<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜><｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>special_function\n"
+                      "```json\n"
+                      "{\"arg1\": 1}\n"
+                      "```<｜tool▁call▁end｜>");
+    }
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
+#ifndef _WIN32
+    if (argc > 1) {
+        common_chat_inputs inputs;
+        inputs.messages = {
+            { { "role", "user" }, { "content", "Hey" } }
+        };
+        inputs.tools = json::array({ special_function_tool });
+
+        std::cout << "| Template | Format |\n";
+        std::cout << "|----------|--------|\n";
+
+        for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+            std::string path = argv[i];
+            if (path.rfind(".jinja") != path.size() - 6) {
+                std::cerr << "Skipping non-jinja file: " << path << std::endl;
+                continue;
+            }
+            common_chat_template tmpl(read_file(path), "", "");
+            auto                 parts = string_split(path, "/");
+            auto                 name  = parts[parts.size() - 1];
+            std::cout << "| " << name << " | " << common_chat_format_name(common_chat_params_init(tmpl, inputs).format)
+                      << " |\n";
+        }
+    } else
+#endif
+    {
+        test_template_output_parsers();
+        std::cout << "\n[chat] All tests passed!" << std::endl;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/tests/test-grammar-integration.cpp b/tests/test-grammar-integration.cpp
index e1bdbb9250..288e08f518 100644
--- a/tests/test-grammar-integration.cpp
+++ b/tests/test-grammar-integration.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 using json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
 
 static llama_grammar * build_grammar(const std::string & grammar_str) {
-    return llama_grammar_init_impl(nullptr, grammar_str.c_str(), "root");
+    return llama_grammar_init_impl(nullptr, grammar_str.c_str(), "root", false, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0);
 }
 
 static bool test_build_grammar_fails(const std::string & grammar_str) {