{"samples": [
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    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Anatomy.\n\nWhat is the embryological origin of the hyoid bone?\n(A) The first pharyngeal arch\n(B) The first and second pharyngeal arches\n(C) The second pharyngeal arch\n(D) The second and third pharyngeal arches\n\nAnswer: D\n\nWhich of these branches of the trigeminal nerve contain somatic motor processes?\n(A) The supraorbital nerve\n(B) The infraorbital nerve\n(C) The mental nerve\n(D) None of the above\n\nAnswer: D\n\nThe pleura\n(A) have no sensory innervation.\n(B) are separated by a 2 mm space.\n(C) extend into the neck.\n(D) are composed of respiratory epithelium.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nIn Angle's Class II Div 2 occlusion there is\n(A) excess overbite of the upper lateral incisors.\n(B) negative overjet of the upper central incisors.\n(C) excess overjet of the upper lateral incisors.\n(D) excess overjet of the upper central incisors.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhich of the following is the body cavity that contains the pituitary gland?\n(A) Abdominal\n(B) Cranial\n(C) Pleural\n(D) Spinal\n\nAnswer: B\n\nPharyngeal mucosa is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerves because it develops from the\n(A) first pharyngeal arch.\n(B) second pharyngeal arch.\n(C) third pharyngeal arch.\n(D) fourth pharyngeal arch.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Astronomy.\n\nYou are pushing a truck along a road. Would it be easier to accelerate this truck on Mars? Why? (Assume there is no friction)\n(A) It would be harder since the truck is heavier on Mars.\n(B) It would be easier since the truck is lighter on Mars.\n(C) It would be harder since the truck is lighter on Mars.\n(D) It would be the same no matter where you are.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nWhere do most short-period comets come from and how do we know?\n(A) The Kuiper belt; short period comets tend to be in the plane of the solar system just like the Kuiper belt.\n(B) The Kuiper belt; short period comets tend to come from random directions indicating a spherical distribution of comets called the Kuiper belt.\n(C) The asteroid belt; short period comets have orbital periods similar to asteroids like Vesta and are found in the plane of the solar system just like the asteroid belt.\n(D) The Oort cloud; short period comets tend to be in the plane of the solar system just like the Oort cloud.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nSay the pupil of your eye has a diameter of 5 mm and you have a telescope with an aperture of 50 cm. How much more light can the telescope gather than your eye?\n(A) 10000 times more\n(B) 100 times more\n(C) 1000 times more\n(D) 10 times more\n\nAnswer: A\n\nWhy isn't there a planet where the asteroid belt is located?\n(A) A planet once formed here but it was broken apart by a catastrophic collision.\n(B) There was not enough material in this part of the solar nebula to form a planet.\n(C) There was too much rocky material to form a terrestrial planet but not enough gaseous material to form a jovian planet.\n(D) Resonance with Jupiter prevented material from collecting together to form a planet.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nWhy is Mars red?\n(A) Because the surface is covered with heavily oxidized (\"rusted\") minerals.\n(B) Because the atmosphere scatters more light at bluer wavelengths transmitting mostly red light.\n(C) Because Mars is covered with ancient lava flows which are red in color.\n(D) Because flowing water on Mars's surface altered the surface minerals several billion years ago.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nThe mass of Saturn's rings is 2x1019 kg. What is the ratio of this mass to that of a 200 km diameter spherical moon made entirely of water-ice (density ~ 1 g/cm3)? That is what is Mrings : Micy moon?\n(A) 1 : 1\n(B) 50 : 1\n(C) 5 : 1\n(D) 0.5 : 1\n\nAnswer:",
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    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Clinical Knowledge.\n\nThe energy for all forms of muscle contraction is provided by:\n(A) ATP.\n(B) ADP.\n(C) phosphocreatine.\n(D) oxidative phosphorylation.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nWhat is the difference between a male and a female catheter?\n(A) Male and female catheters are different colours.\n(B) Male catheters are longer than female catheters.\n(C) Male catheters are bigger than female catheters.\n(D) Female catheters are longer than male catheters.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nIn the assessment of the hand function which of the following is true?\n(A) Abduction of the thumb is supplied by spinal root T2\n(B) Opposition of the thumb by opponens policis is supplied by spinal root T1\n(C) Finger adduction is supplied by the median nerve\n(D) Finger abduction is mediated by the palmar interossei\n\nAnswer: B\n\nHow many attempts should you make to cannulate a patient before passing the job on to a senior colleague, according to the medical knowledge of 2020?\n(A) 4\n(B) 3\n(C) 2\n(D) 1\n\nAnswer: C\n\nGlycolysis is the name given to the pathway involving the conversion of:\n(A) glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate.\n(B) glycogen or glucose to fructose.\n(C) glycogen or glucose to pyruvate or lactate.\n(D) glycogen or glucose to pyruvate or acetyl CoA.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhen branched chain amino acids are deaminated in muscle, the ammonia produced is mostly:\n(A) converted into arginine and released from the muscle.\n(B) converted into alanine and glutamine and released from the muscle.\n(C) converted into urea and released from the muscle.\n(D) used to synthesise purines and pyrimidines in the muscle.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about College Biology.\n\nWhich of the following represents an accurate statement concerning arthropods?\n(A) They possess an exoskeleton composed primarily of peptidoglycan.\n(B) They possess an open circulatory system with a dorsal heart.\n(C) They are members of a biologically unsuccessful phylum incapable of exploiting diverse habitats and nutrition sources.\n(D) They lack paired, jointed appendages.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nIn a given population, 1 out of every 400 people has a cancer caused by a completely recessive allele, b. Assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following is the expected proportion of individuals who carry the b allele but are not expected to develop the cancer?\n(A) 1/400\n(B) 19/400\n(C) 20/400\n(D) 38/400\n\nAnswer: D\n\nThe presence of homologous structures in two different organisms, such as the humerus in the front limb of a human and a bird, indicates that\n(A) the human and bird are polyphyletic species\n(B) a human's and bird's evolution is convergent\n(C) the human and bird belong to a clade\n(D) the human and bird developed by analogy\n\nAnswer: C\n\nAccording to the pressure-flow model of movement of phloem contents, photosynthate movement from source to sink is driven by\n(A) an ATP-dependent pressure-flow pump\n(B) a water-pressure potential gradient\n(C) transpiration\n(D) apoplastic diffusion\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhich of the following contain DNA sequences required for the segregation of chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis?\n(A) Telomeres\n(B) Centromeres\n(C) Nucleosomes\n(D) Spliceosomes\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhich of the following traits do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?\n(A) A single chromosome carries the entire genome.\n(B) Chromosomes are circular.\n(C) Replication is bidirectional.\n(D) Molecular weight of respective DNA is comparable.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "topic": "college_biology",
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    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about College Chemistry.\n\nWhich of the following statements about the lanthanide elements is NOT true?\n(A) The most common oxidation state for the lanthanide elements is +3.\n(B) Lanthanide complexes often have high coordination numbers (> 6).\n(C) All of the lanthanide elements react with aqueous acid to liberate hydrogen.\n(D) The atomic radii of the lanthanide elements increase across the period from La to Lu.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA 0.217 g sample of HgO (molar mass = 217 g) reacts with excess iodide ions according to the reaction shown above. Titration of the resulting solution requires how many mL of 0.10 M HCl to reach equivalence point?\n(A) 1.0 mL\n(B) 10 mL\n(C) 20 mL\n(D) 50 mL\n\nAnswer: C\n\nPredict the number of lines in the EPR spectrum of a solution of 13C-labelled methyl radical (13CH3•), assuming the lines do not overlap.\n(A) 4\n(B) 3\n(C) 6\n(D) 24\n\nAnswer: A\n\n3 Cl−(aq) + 4 CrO_4^2−(aq) + 23 H+(aq) → 3 HClO2(aq) + 4 Cr3+(aq) + 10 H2O(l). In the reaction shown above, Cl−(aq) behaves as\n(A) an acid\n(B) a base\n(C) a catalyst\n(D) a reducing agent\n\nAnswer: D\n\nWhich of the following lists the hydrides of group-14 elements in order of thermal stability, from lowest to highest?\n(A) PbH4 < SnH4 < GeH4 < SiH4 < CH4\n(B) PbH4 < SnH4 < CH4 < GeH4 < SiH4\n(C) CH4 < SiH4 < GeH4 < SnH4 < PbH4\n(D) CH4 < PbH4 < GeH4 < SnH4 < SiH4\n\nAnswer: A\n\nA set of hybrid sp^3 orbitals for a carbon atom is given above. Which of the following is NOT true about the orbitals?\n(A) The orbitals are degenerate.\n(B) The set of orbitals has a tetrahedral geometry.\n(C) These orbitals are constructed from a linear combination of atomic orbitals.\n(D) Each hybrid orbital may hold four electrons.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about College Medicine.\n\nGlucose is transported into the muscle cell:\n(A) via protein transporters called GLUT4.\n(B) only in the presence of insulin.\n(C) via hexokinase.\n(D) via monocarbylic acid transporters.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nWhich of the following is not a true statement?\n(A) Muscle glycogen is broken down enzymatically to glucose-1-phosphate\n(B) Elite endurance runners have a high proportion of Type I fibres in their leg muscles\n(C) Liver glycogen is important in the maintenance of the blood glucose concentration\n(D) Insulin promotes glucose uptake by all tissues in the body\n\nAnswer: D\n\nIn a genetic test of a newborn, a rare genetic disorder is found that has X-linked recessive transmission. Which of the following statements is likely true regarding the pedigree of this disorder?\n(A) All descendants on the maternal side will have the disorder.\n(B) Females will be approximately twice as affected as males in this family.\n(C) All daughters of an affected male will be affected.\n(D) There will be equal distribution of males and females affected.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nA high school science teacher fills a 1 liter bottle with pure nitrogen and seals the lid. The pressure is 1.70 atm, and the room temperature is 25°C. Which two variables will both increase the pressure of the system, if all other variables are held constant?\n(A) Increasing temperature, increasing moles of gas\n(B) Increasing temperature, increasing volume\n(C) Decreasing volume, decreasing temperature\n(D) Decreasing moles of gas, increasing volume\n\nAnswer: A\n\nAn expected side effect of creatine supplementation is:\n(A) muscle weakness.\n(B) gain in body mass.\n(C) muscle cramps.\n(D) loss of electrolytes.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nThe two principal contractile proteins found in skeletal muscle are:\n(A) actin and troponin.\n(B) actin and myosin.\n(C) troponin and tropomyosin.\n(D) myosin and tropomyosin.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "topic": "college_medicine",
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    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Conceptual Physics.\n\nCompared with the mass of a uranium atom undergoing fission, the combined masses of the products after fission are\n(A) less\n(B) more\n(C) the same\n(D) zero\n\nAnswer: A\n\nThings that are equivalent according to the equivalence principle are\n(A) space and time.\n(B) a traveling twin and a stay-at-home twin.\n(C) gravity and acceleration.\n(D) mass and energy.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nColors in a soap bubble result from light\n(A) converted to a different frequency\n(B) deflection\n(C) interference\n(D) polarization\n\nAnswer: C\n\nA model airplane flies slower when flying into the wind and faster with wind at its back. When launched at right angles to the wind a cross wind its groundspeed compared with flying in still air is\n(A) the same\n(B) greater\n(C) less\n(D) either greater or less depending on wind speed\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhich of these three elements has the most mass per nucleon?\n(A) Hydrogen\n(B) Iron\n(C) Uranium\n(D) Same in each\n\nAnswer: A\n\nA hologram best illustrates\n(A) polarization\n(B) diffraction\n(C) superposition\n(D) electron interference\n\nAnswer:",
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    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Electrical Engineering.\n\nIn an SR latch built from NOR gates, which condition is not allowed\n(A) S=0, R=0\n(B) S=0, R=1\n(C) S=1, R=0\n(D) S=1, R=1\n\nAnswer: D\n\nIn a 2 pole lap winding dc machine , the resistance of one conductor is 2Ω and total number of conductors is 100. Find the total resistance\n(A) 200Ω\n(B) 100Ω\n(C) 50Ω\n(D) 10Ω\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThe coil of a moving coil meter has 100 turns, is 40 mm long and 30 mm wide. The control torque is 240*10-6 N-m on full scale. If magnetic flux density is 1Wb/m2 range of meter is\n(A) 1 mA.\n(B) 2 mA.\n(C) 3 mA.\n(D) 4 mA.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nTwo long parallel conductors carry 100 A. If the conductors are separated by 20 mm, the force per meter of length of each conductor will be\n(A) 100 N.\n(B) 0.1 N.\n(C) 1 N.\n(D) 0.01 N.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nA point pole has a strength of 4π * 10^-4 weber. The force in newtons on a point pole of 4π * 1.5 * 10^-4 weber placed at a distance of 10 cm from it will be\n(A) 15 N.\n(B) 20 N.\n(C) 7.5 N.\n(D) 3.75 N.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nWhich one of the following is not a vectored interrupt?\n(A) TRAP.\n(B) RST 7.5.\n(C) RST 6.5.\n(D) INTR.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Electrical Engineering.\n\nIn an SR latch built from NOR gates, which condition is not allowed\n(A) S=0, R=0\n(B) S=0, R=1\n(C) S=1, R=0\n(D) S=1, R=1\n\nAnswer: D\n\nIn a 2 pole lap winding dc machine , the resistance of one conductor is 2Ω and total number of conductors is 100. Find the total resistance\n(A) 200Ω\n(B) 100Ω\n(C) 50Ω\n(D) 10Ω\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThe coil of a moving coil meter has 100 turns, is 40 mm long and 30 mm wide. The control torque is 240*10-6 N-m on full scale. If magnetic flux density is 1Wb/m2 range of meter is\n(A) 1 mA.\n(B) 2 mA.\n(C) 3 mA.\n(D) 4 mA.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nTwo long parallel conductors carry 100 A. If the conductors are separated by 20 mm, the force per meter of length of each conductor will be\n(A) 100 N.\n(B) 0.1 N.\n(C) 1 N.\n(D) 0.01 N.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nA point pole has a strength of 4π * 10^-4 weber. The force in newtons on a point pole of 4π * 1.5 * 10^-4 weber placed at a distance of 10 cm from it will be\n(A) 15 N.\n(B) 20 N.\n(C) 7.5 N.\n(D) 3.75 N.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nWhich of the following is/are the advantages of a closed loop control system?\n(A) The closed loop systems are accurate.\n(B) The closed loop systems are less affected by noise.\n(C) both A and B.\n(D) nether A nor B.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Elementary Mathematics.\n\nThe population of the city where Michelle was born is 145,826. What is the value of the 5 in the number 145,826?\n(A) 5 thousands\n(B) 5 hundreds\n(C) 5 tens\n(D) 5 ones\n\nAnswer: A\n\nOlivia used the rule \"Add 11\" to create the number pattern shown below. 10, 21, 32, 43, 54 Which statement about the number pattern is true?\n(A) The 10th number in the pattern will be an even number.\n(B) The number pattern will never have two even numbers next to each other.\n(C) The next two numbers in the pattern will be an even number then an odd number.\n(D) If the number pattern started with an odd number then the pattern would have only odd numbers in it.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nA total of 30 players will play basketball at a park. There will be exactly 5 players on each team. Which statement correctly explains how to find the number of teams needed?\n(A) Add 5 to 30 to find 35 teams.\n(B) Divide 30 by 5 to find 6 teams.\n(C) Multiply 30 and 5 to find 150 teams.\n(D) Subtract 5 from 30 to find 25 teams.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nA store sells 107 different colors of paint. They have 25 cans of each color in storage. The number of cans of paint the store has in storage can be found using the expression below. 107 × 25. How many cans of paint does the store have in storage?\n(A) 749\n(B) 2,675\n(C) 2,945\n(D) 4,250\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhich expression is equivalent to 5 x 9?\n(A) (5 x 4) x (6 x 5)\n(B) (5 x 5) + (5 x 4)\n(C) (5 x 5) + (5 x 9)\n(D) (5 x 9) x (6 x 9)\n\nAnswer: B\n\nFrankie’s baseball team scored 16 runs in a game. Max’s baseball team scored 8 runs in a game. Which statement about the number of runs scored by Frankie’s and Max’s baseball teams is true?\n(A) Frankie’s team scored 2 times as many runs as Max’s team because 16 = 2 × 8.\n(B) Frankie’s team scored 2 times as many runs as Max’s team because 8 = 2 × 16.\n(C) Max’s team scored 2 times as many runs as Frankie’s team because 16 = 2 × 8.\n(D) Max’s team scored 2 times as many runs as Frankie’s team because 8 = 2 × 16.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Elementary Mathematics.\n\nThe population of the city where Michelle was born is 145,826. What is the value of the 5 in the number 145,826?\n(A) 5 thousands\n(B) 5 hundreds\n(C) 5 tens\n(D) 5 ones\n\nAnswer: A\n\nOlivia used the rule \"Add 11\" to create the number pattern shown below. 10, 21, 32, 43, 54 Which statement about the number pattern is true?\n(A) The 10th number in the pattern will be an even number.\n(B) The number pattern will never have two even numbers next to each other.\n(C) The next two numbers in the pattern will be an even number then an odd number.\n(D) If the number pattern started with an odd number then the pattern would have only odd numbers in it.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nA total of 30 players will play basketball at a park. There will be exactly 5 players on each team. Which statement correctly explains how to find the number of teams needed?\n(A) Add 5 to 30 to find 35 teams.\n(B) Divide 30 by 5 to find 6 teams.\n(C) Multiply 30 and 5 to find 150 teams.\n(D) Subtract 5 from 30 to find 25 teams.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nA store sells 107 different colors of paint. They have 25 cans of each color in storage. The number of cans of paint the store has in storage can be found using the expression below. 107 × 25. How many cans of paint does the store have in storage?\n(A) 749\n(B) 2,675\n(C) 2,945\n(D) 4,250\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhich expression is equivalent to 5 x 9?\n(A) (5 x 4) x (6 x 5)\n(B) (5 x 5) + (5 x 4)\n(C) (5 x 5) + (5 x 9)\n(D) (5 x 9) x (6 x 9)\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhat is the greatest common divisor of 54, 36, and 24?\n(A) 2\n(B) 3\n(C) 6\n(D) 9\n\nAnswer:",
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    "i": 302,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School Biology.\n\nWhich of the following is not a way to form recombinant DNA?\n(A) Translation\n(B) Conjugation\n(C) Specialized transduction\n(D) Transformation\n\nAnswer: A\n\nA mutation in a bacterial enzyme changed a previously polar amino acid into a nonpolar amino acid. This amino acid was located at a site distant from the enzyme’s active site. How might this mutation alter the enzyme’s substrate specificity?\n(A) By changing the enzyme’s pH optimum\n(B) By changing the enzyme’s location in the cell\n(C) By changing the shape of the protein\n(D) An amino acid change away from the active site cannot alter the enzyme’s substrate specificity.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nIn animal cells, which of the following represents the most likely pathway that a secretory protein takes as it is synthesized in a cell?\n(A) Plasma membrane–Golgi apparatus–ribosome–secretory vesicle–rough ER\n(B) Ribosome–Golgi apparatus–rough ER–secretory vesicle–plasma membrane\n(C) Plasma membrane–Golgi apparatus–ribosome–secretory vesicle–rough ER\n(D) Ribosome–rough ER–Golgi apparatus–secretory vesicle–plasma membrane\n\nAnswer: D\n\nWhich of the following is not known to be involved in the control of cell division?\n(A) Cyclins\n(B) Protein kinases\n(C) Checkpoints\n(D) Fibroblast cells\n\nAnswer: D\n\nHomologous structures are often cited as evidence for the process of natural selection. All of the following are examples of homologous structures EXCEPT\n(A) the wings of a bird and the wings of a bat\n(B) the flippers of a whale and the arms of a man\n(C) the pectoral fins of a porpoise and the flippers of a seal\n(D) the forelegs of an insect and the forelimbs of a dog\n\nAnswer: D\n\nWhich of the following statements is correct about a man who has hemophilia and whose wife does not have the disease and who does not have any relatives with the disease?\n(A) All his daughters will have the disease.\n(B) All his sons will have the disease.\n(C) All his sons will be carriers.\n(D) All his daughters will be carriers.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "topic": "high_school_biology",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
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  {
    "i": 342,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School Chemistry.\n\nWhich of the following is considered an acid anhydride?\n(A) HCl\n(B) H2SO3\n(C) SO2\n(D) Al(NO3)3\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhich of the following is expected to be a polar molecule?\n(A) PCl4F\n(B) BF3\n(C) CO2\n(D) Si(CH3)4\n\nAnswer: A\n\nFrom the solubility rules, which of the following is true?\n(A) All chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble\n(B) All sulfates are soluble\n(C) All hydroxides are soluble\n(D) All ammonium-containing compounds are soluble\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA new compound is synthesized and found to be a monoprotic acid with a molar mass of 248 g/mol. When 0.0050 mol of this acid are dissolved in 0.500 L of water, the pH is measured as 3.89. What is the pKa of this acid?\n(A) 3.89\n(B) 7.78\n(C) 5.78\n(D) 2.33\n\nAnswer: C\n\nA solution contains 2.00 mole of acetic acid, CH3COOH, and 1.00 mole of calcium acetate, Ca(CH3COO)2. The solution is able to resist the addition of a small amount of strong acid or strong base with only minor changes in the pH of the solution. Larger quantities of strong acid or strong base can cause a significant change in pH. How many moles of nitric acid, HNO3, may be added before the pH begins to change significantly?\n(A) 0.500 mole\n(B) 1.00 mole\n(C) 2.00 mole\n(D) 3.00 mole\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhich is the easiest way to burn a silver coin?\n(A) Hold the silver coin with crucible tongs, and heat strongly in the flame of a Bunsen burner.\n(B) Use the method in (A), but use an oxyacetylene torch to reach a higher temperature.\n(C) Grind the silver coin into very small, dust-sized particles, and spray the particles into a Bunsen burner flame.\n(D) Dissolve the silver coin in acid, precipitate the hydroxide, and heat in a Bunsen burner flame to make the oxide.\n\nAnswer:",
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  {
    "i": 358,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School European History.\n\nThis question refers to the following information. The following excerpt is from a pamphlet. You will do me the justice to remember, that I have always strenuously supported the Right of every man to his own opinion, however different that opinion might be to mine. He who denies to another this right, makes a slave of himself to his present opinion, because he precludes himself the right of changing it. The most formidable weapon against errors of every kind is Reason. I have never used any other, and I trust I never shall. The circumstance that has now taken place in France of the total abolition of the whole national order of priesthood, and of everything appertaining to compulsive systems of religion, and compulsive articles of faith, has not only precipitated my intention, but rendered a work of this kind exceedingly necessary, lest in the general wreck of superstition, of false systems of government, and false theology, we lose sight of morality, of humanity, and of the theology that is true. I believe in one God, and no more; and I hope for happiness beyond this life. I believe in the equality of man; and I believe that religious duties consist in doing justice, loving mercy, and endeavoring to make our fellow-creatures happy. I do not believe in the creed professed by the Jewish church, by the Roman church, by the Greek church, by the Turkish church, by the Protestant church, nor by any church that I know of. My own mind is my own church. All national institutions of churches, whether Jewish, Christian or Turkish, appear to me no other than human inventions, set up to terrify and enslave mankind, and monopolize power and profit. I do not mean by this declaration to condemn those who believe otherwise; they have the same right to their belief as I have to mine. —Thomas Paine, The Age of Reason, 1794–1795 Which of the following Enlightenment philosophes designed a system of checks and balances for government to avoid abuses of power?\n(A) Jean Jacques Rousseau\n(B) Baron Montesquieu\n(C) Mary Wollstonecraft\n(D) Adam Smith\n\nAnswer: B\n\nThis question refers to the following information. Read the following excerpt. The revolutionary seed had penetrated into every country and spread more or less. It was greatly developed under the régime of the military despotism of Bonaparte. His conquests displaced a number of laws, institutions, and customs; broke through bonds sacred among all nations, strong enough to resist time itself; which is more than can be said of certain benefits conferred by these innovators. The monarchs will fulfil the duties imposed upon them by Him who, by entrusting them with power, has charged them to watch over the maintenance of justice, and the rights of all, to avoid the paths of error, and tread firmly in the way of truth. Placed beyond the passions which agitate society, it is in days of trial chiefly that they are called upon to despoil realities of their false appearances, and to show themselves as they are, fathers invested with the authority belonging by right to the heads of families, to prove that, in days of mourning, they know how to be just, wise, and therefore strong, and that they will not abandon the people whom they ought to govern to be the sport of factions, to error and its consequences, which must involve the loss of society. Union between the monarchs is the basis of the policy which must now be followed to save society from total ruin. . . . Let them not confound concessions made to parties with the good they ought to do for their people, in modifying, according to their recognized needs, such branches of the administration as require it. Let them be just, but strong; beneficent, but strict. Let them maintain religious principles in all their purity, and not allow the faith to be attacked and morality interpreted according to the social contract or the visions of foolish sectarians. Let them suppress Secret Societies; that gangrene of society. —Klemens von Metternich, Political Confession of Faith, 1820 Which of the following was the greatest cause of the fears expressed by Metternich in the document above?\n(A) The ideas of personal liberty and nationalism conceived during the Enlightenment resulted in radical revolutions that could spread throughout Europe.\n(B) The conquest of Europe by Napoleon led to the creation of new factions and shifted the European balance of power.\n(C) The power of monarchs had grown to the point where it needed to be checked by other powers within each nation or domination of civilians would occur.\n(D) The rising and falling economic cycle of the newly emerging capitalist economy could lead to civilian unrest that must be suppressed.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nThis question refers to the following information. In Russia there was nothing going on well, and [Souvarine] was in despair over the news he had received. His old companions were all turning to the politicians; the famous Nihilists who made Europe tremble-sons of village priests, of the lower middle class, of tradesmen-could not rise above the idea of national liberation, and seemed to believe that the world would be delivered-when they had killed their despot&… \"Foolery! They'll never get out of it with their foolery.\" Then, lowering his voice still more, in a few bitter words he described his old dream of fraternity. He had renounced his rank and his fortune; he had gone among workmen, only in the hope of seeing at last the foundation of a new society of labour in common. All the sous in his pockets had long gone to the urchins of the settlement; he had been as tender as a brother with the colliers, smiling at their suspicion, winning them over by his quiet workmanlike ways and his dislike of chattering. But decidedly the fusion had not taken place. His voice changed, his eyes grew bright, he fixed them on étienne, directly addressing him: \"Now, do you understand that? These hatworkers at Marseilles who have won the great lottery prize of a hundred thousand francs have gone off at once and invested it, declaring that they are going to live without doing anything! Yes, that is your idea, all of you French workmen; you want to unearth a treasure in order to devour it alone afterwards in some lazy, selfish corner. You may cry out as much as you like against the rich, you haven't got courage enough to give back to the poor the money that luck brings you. You will never be worthy of happiness as long as you own anything, and your hatred of the bourgeois proceeds solely from an angry desire to be bourgeois yourselves in their place.\" émile Zola, French writer, Germinal, 1885 The passage displays the direct concern for the welfare of the working classes that was typically a part of which movement?\n(A) Capitalist\n(B) Scientific\n(C) Communist\n(D) Existentialist\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThis question refers to the following information. The excerpts below are from the Navigation Acts of 1651. [A]fter the first day of December, one thousand six hundred fifty and one, and from thence forwards, no goods or commodities whatsoever of the growth, production or manufacture of Asia, Africa or America, or of any part thereof; or of any islands belonging to them, or which are described or laid down in the usual maps or cards of those places, as well of the English plantations as others, shall be imported or brought into this Commonwealth of England, or into Ireland, or any other lands, islands, plantations, or territories to this Commonwealth belonging, or in their possession, in any other ship or ships, vessel or vessels whatsoever, but only in such as do truly and without fraud belong only to the people of this Commonwealth, or the plantations thereof, as the proprietors or right owners thereof; and whereof the master and mariners are also of the people of this Commonwealth, under the penalty of the forfeiture and loss of all the goods that shall be imported contrary to this act, , , , [N]o goods or commodities of the growth, production, or manufacture of Europe, or of any part thereof, shall after the first day of December, one thousand six hundred fifty and one, be imported or brought into this Commonwealth of England, or any other lands or territories to this Commonwealth belonging, or in their possession, in any ship or ships, vessel or vessels whatsoever, but in such as do truly and without fraud belong only to the people of this Commonwealth, and in no other, except only such foreign ships and vessels as do truly and properly belong to the people of that country or place, of which the said goods are the growth, production or manufacture. Which of the following best describes the outcome of the Navigation Acts of 1651?\n(A) They served as a catalyst for the growth of English shipping and overseas trade, but did little to limit the prospects of the Dutch in the seventeenth century.\n(B) They brought about almost immediate hardships for the Dutch economy as their dominance of overseas trade quickly ended.\n(C) They were rescinded during the restoration of the Stuarts as they sought normal diplomatic relations with the Dutch so not as to need Parliament's financial support for war.\n(D) They led to nearly a century of recurrent war between England and the Netherlands, which would not end until after American independence.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nThis question refers to the following information. Albeit the king's Majesty justly and rightfully is and ought to be the supreme head of the Church of England, and so is recognized by the clergy of this realm in their convocations, yet nevertheless, for corroboration and confirmation thereof, and for increase of virtue in Christ's religion within this realm of England, and to repress and extirpate all errors, heresies, and other enormities and abuses heretofore used in the same, be it enacted, by authority of this present Parliament, that the king, our sovereign lord, his heirs and successors, kings of this realm, shall be taken, accepted, and reputed the only supreme head in earth of the Church of England, called Anglicans Ecclesia; and shall have and enjoy, annexed and united to the imperial crown of this realm, as well the title and style thereof, as all honors, dignities, preeminences, jurisdictions, privileges, authorities, immunities, profits, and commodities to the said dignity of the supreme head of the same Church belonging and appertaining; and that our said sovereign lord, his heirs and successors, kings of this realm, shall have full power and authority from time to time to visit, repress, redress, record, order, correct, restrain, and amend all such errors, heresies, abuses, offenses, contempts, and enormities, whatsoever they be, which by any manner of spiritual authority or jurisdiction ought or may lawfully be reformed, repressed, ordered, redressed, corrected, restrained, or amended, most to the pleasure of Almighty God, the increase of virtue in Christ's religion, and for the conservation of the peace, unity, and tranquility of this realm; any usage, foreign land, foreign authority, prescription, or any other thing or things to the contrary hereof notwithstanding. English Parliament, Act of Supremacy, 1534 From the passage, one may infer that the English Parliament wished to argue that the Act of Supremacy would\n(A) give the English king a new position of authority\n(B) give the position of head of the Church of England to Henry VIII alone and exclude his heirs\n(C) establish Calvinism as the one true theology in England\n(D) end various forms of corruption plaguing the Church in England\n\nAnswer: D\n\nThis question refers to the following information. The following entries are in the diary of Napoleon Bonaparte. Paris has a short memory. If I remain longer doing nothing, I am lost. In this great Babylon one reputation quickly succeeds another. After I have been seen three times at the theatre, I shall not be looked at again. I shall therefore not go very frequently. (diary, 1798) If the press is not bridled, I shall not remain three days in power. (diary, 1799) The presence of a general is necessary; he is the head, he is the all in all of an army. It was not the Roman army that conquered Gaul, it was Caesar, it was not the Carthaginians that made the armies of the Roman republic tremble at the very gates of Rome, it was Hannibal. (diary, 1801) My power proceeds from my reputation, and my reputation from the victories I have won. My power would fall if I were not to support it with more glory and more victories. Conquest has made me what I am; only conquest can maintain me. (diary, 1802) The revolution in France is over and now there is only one party in France and I shall never allow the newspapers to say anything contrary to my interests. They may publish a few little articles with just a bit of poison in them, but one fine day I shall shut their mouths forever. (diary, 1805) Napoleon instituted the Continental System to accomplish which of the following?\n(A) Unify Italy with his brother as king\n(B) Punish Russia for his ill-fated invasion\n(C) Defeat England through economic war\n(D) Create a united Europe under the leadership of France\n\nAnswer:",
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    "i": 369,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School European History.\n\nThis question refers to the following information. The following excerpt is from a pamphlet. You will do me the justice to remember, that I have always strenuously supported the Right of every man to his own opinion, however different that opinion might be to mine. He who denies to another this right, makes a slave of himself to his present opinion, because he precludes himself the right of changing it. The most formidable weapon against errors of every kind is Reason. I have never used any other, and I trust I never shall. The circumstance that has now taken place in France of the total abolition of the whole national order of priesthood, and of everything appertaining to compulsive systems of religion, and compulsive articles of faith, has not only precipitated my intention, but rendered a work of this kind exceedingly necessary, lest in the general wreck of superstition, of false systems of government, and false theology, we lose sight of morality, of humanity, and of the theology that is true. I believe in one God, and no more; and I hope for happiness beyond this life. I believe in the equality of man; and I believe that religious duties consist in doing justice, loving mercy, and endeavoring to make our fellow-creatures happy. I do not believe in the creed professed by the Jewish church, by the Roman church, by the Greek church, by the Turkish church, by the Protestant church, nor by any church that I know of. My own mind is my own church. All national institutions of churches, whether Jewish, Christian or Turkish, appear to me no other than human inventions, set up to terrify and enslave mankind, and monopolize power and profit. I do not mean by this declaration to condemn those who believe otherwise; they have the same right to their belief as I have to mine. —Thomas Paine, The Age of Reason, 1794–1795 Which of the following Enlightenment philosophes designed a system of checks and balances for government to avoid abuses of power?\n(A) Jean Jacques Rousseau\n(B) Baron Montesquieu\n(C) Mary Wollstonecraft\n(D) Adam Smith\n\nAnswer: B\n\nThis question refers to the following information. Read the following excerpt. The revolutionary seed had penetrated into every country and spread more or less. It was greatly developed under the régime of the military despotism of Bonaparte. His conquests displaced a number of laws, institutions, and customs; broke through bonds sacred among all nations, strong enough to resist time itself; which is more than can be said of certain benefits conferred by these innovators. The monarchs will fulfil the duties imposed upon them by Him who, by entrusting them with power, has charged them to watch over the maintenance of justice, and the rights of all, to avoid the paths of error, and tread firmly in the way of truth. Placed beyond the passions which agitate society, it is in days of trial chiefly that they are called upon to despoil realities of their false appearances, and to show themselves as they are, fathers invested with the authority belonging by right to the heads of families, to prove that, in days of mourning, they know how to be just, wise, and therefore strong, and that they will not abandon the people whom they ought to govern to be the sport of factions, to error and its consequences, which must involve the loss of society. Union between the monarchs is the basis of the policy which must now be followed to save society from total ruin. . . . Let them not confound concessions made to parties with the good they ought to do for their people, in modifying, according to their recognized needs, such branches of the administration as require it. Let them be just, but strong; beneficent, but strict. Let them maintain religious principles in all their purity, and not allow the faith to be attacked and morality interpreted according to the social contract or the visions of foolish sectarians. Let them suppress Secret Societies; that gangrene of society. —Klemens von Metternich, Political Confession of Faith, 1820 Which of the following was the greatest cause of the fears expressed by Metternich in the document above?\n(A) The ideas of personal liberty and nationalism conceived during the Enlightenment resulted in radical revolutions that could spread throughout Europe.\n(B) The conquest of Europe by Napoleon led to the creation of new factions and shifted the European balance of power.\n(C) The power of monarchs had grown to the point where it needed to be checked by other powers within each nation or domination of civilians would occur.\n(D) The rising and falling economic cycle of the newly emerging capitalist economy could lead to civilian unrest that must be suppressed.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nThis question refers to the following information. In Russia there was nothing going on well, and [Souvarine] was in despair over the news he had received. His old companions were all turning to the politicians; the famous Nihilists who made Europe tremble-sons of village priests, of the lower middle class, of tradesmen-could not rise above the idea of national liberation, and seemed to believe that the world would be delivered-when they had killed their despot&… \"Foolery! They'll never get out of it with their foolery.\" Then, lowering his voice still more, in a few bitter words he described his old dream of fraternity. He had renounced his rank and his fortune; he had gone among workmen, only in the hope of seeing at last the foundation of a new society of labour in common. All the sous in his pockets had long gone to the urchins of the settlement; he had been as tender as a brother with the colliers, smiling at their suspicion, winning them over by his quiet workmanlike ways and his dislike of chattering. But decidedly the fusion had not taken place. His voice changed, his eyes grew bright, he fixed them on étienne, directly addressing him: \"Now, do you understand that? These hatworkers at Marseilles who have won the great lottery prize of a hundred thousand francs have gone off at once and invested it, declaring that they are going to live without doing anything! Yes, that is your idea, all of you French workmen; you want to unearth a treasure in order to devour it alone afterwards in some lazy, selfish corner. You may cry out as much as you like against the rich, you haven't got courage enough to give back to the poor the money that luck brings you. You will never be worthy of happiness as long as you own anything, and your hatred of the bourgeois proceeds solely from an angry desire to be bourgeois yourselves in their place.\" émile Zola, French writer, Germinal, 1885 The passage displays the direct concern for the welfare of the working classes that was typically a part of which movement?\n(A) Capitalist\n(B) Scientific\n(C) Communist\n(D) Existentialist\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThis question refers to the following information. The excerpts below are from the Navigation Acts of 1651. [A]fter the first day of December, one thousand six hundred fifty and one, and from thence forwards, no goods or commodities whatsoever of the growth, production or manufacture of Asia, Africa or America, or of any part thereof; or of any islands belonging to them, or which are described or laid down in the usual maps or cards of those places, as well of the English plantations as others, shall be imported or brought into this Commonwealth of England, or into Ireland, or any other lands, islands, plantations, or territories to this Commonwealth belonging, or in their possession, in any other ship or ships, vessel or vessels whatsoever, but only in such as do truly and without fraud belong only to the people of this Commonwealth, or the plantations thereof, as the proprietors or right owners thereof; and whereof the master and mariners are also of the people of this Commonwealth, under the penalty of the forfeiture and loss of all the goods that shall be imported contrary to this act, , , , [N]o goods or commodities of the growth, production, or manufacture of Europe, or of any part thereof, shall after the first day of December, one thousand six hundred fifty and one, be imported or brought into this Commonwealth of England, or any other lands or territories to this Commonwealth belonging, or in their possession, in any ship or ships, vessel or vessels whatsoever, but in such as do truly and without fraud belong only to the people of this Commonwealth, and in no other, except only such foreign ships and vessels as do truly and properly belong to the people of that country or place, of which the said goods are the growth, production or manufacture. Which of the following best describes the outcome of the Navigation Acts of 1651?\n(A) They served as a catalyst for the growth of English shipping and overseas trade, but did little to limit the prospects of the Dutch in the seventeenth century.\n(B) They brought about almost immediate hardships for the Dutch economy as their dominance of overseas trade quickly ended.\n(C) They were rescinded during the restoration of the Stuarts as they sought normal diplomatic relations with the Dutch so not as to need Parliament's financial support for war.\n(D) They led to nearly a century of recurrent war between England and the Netherlands, which would not end until after American independence.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nThis question refers to the following information. Albeit the king's Majesty justly and rightfully is and ought to be the supreme head of the Church of England, and so is recognized by the clergy of this realm in their convocations, yet nevertheless, for corroboration and confirmation thereof, and for increase of virtue in Christ's religion within this realm of England, and to repress and extirpate all errors, heresies, and other enormities and abuses heretofore used in the same, be it enacted, by authority of this present Parliament, that the king, our sovereign lord, his heirs and successors, kings of this realm, shall be taken, accepted, and reputed the only supreme head in earth of the Church of England, called Anglicans Ecclesia; and shall have and enjoy, annexed and united to the imperial crown of this realm, as well the title and style thereof, as all honors, dignities, preeminences, jurisdictions, privileges, authorities, immunities, profits, and commodities to the said dignity of the supreme head of the same Church belonging and appertaining; and that our said sovereign lord, his heirs and successors, kings of this realm, shall have full power and authority from time to time to visit, repress, redress, record, order, correct, restrain, and amend all such errors, heresies, abuses, offenses, contempts, and enormities, whatsoever they be, which by any manner of spiritual authority or jurisdiction ought or may lawfully be reformed, repressed, ordered, redressed, corrected, restrained, or amended, most to the pleasure of Almighty God, the increase of virtue in Christ's religion, and for the conservation of the peace, unity, and tranquility of this realm; any usage, foreign land, foreign authority, prescription, or any other thing or things to the contrary hereof notwithstanding. English Parliament, Act of Supremacy, 1534 From the passage, one may infer that the English Parliament wished to argue that the Act of Supremacy would\n(A) give the English king a new position of authority\n(B) give the position of head of the Church of England to Henry VIII alone and exclude his heirs\n(C) establish Calvinism as the one true theology in England\n(D) end various forms of corruption plaguing the Church in England\n\nAnswer: D\n\nThis question refers to the following information. The passage below is written by John Calvin. If we need to be recalled to the origin of election, to prove that we obtain salvation from no other source than the mere goodness of God, they who desire to extinguish this principle, do all they can to obscure what ought to be magnificently and loudly celebrated, and to pluck up humility by the roots. In ascribing the salvation of the remnant of the people to the election of grace, Paul clearly testifies, that it is then only known that God saves whom upon which there can be no claim. They who shut the gates to prevent anyone from presuming to approach and taste this doctrine, do no less injury to man than to God; for nothing else will be sufficient to produce in us suitable humility, or to impress us with a due sense of our great obligations to God. Nor is there any other basis for solid confidence, even according to the authority of Christ, who, to deliver us from all fear, and render us invincible amidst so many dangers, snares, and deadly conflicts, promises to preserve in safety all whom the Father has committed to His care. —John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, 1559 Which of the following was NOT an abuse of the Catholic Church that Calvin and other religious leaders criticized?\n(A) Papal wealth\n(B) Pluralism\n(C) Nepotism\n(D) Indulgences\n\nAnswer:",
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    "i": 390,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School Geography.\n\nThe rate of natural increase of a population is found by subtracting the\n(A) crude death rate from the crude birth date.\n(B) crude birth rate from the crude death rate.\n(C) doubling time from the crude birth rate.\n(D) fertility rate from the crude death rate.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nDuring the third stage of the demographic transition model, which of the following is true?\n(A) Birth rates increase and population growth rate is less rapid.\n(B) Birth rates decline and population growth rate is less rapid.\n(C) Birth rates increase and population growth rate increases.\n(D) Birth rates decrease and population growth rate increases.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhich of the following statements is NOT accurate regarding the services provided by local governments in the United States?\n(A) Duplication of efforts occurs often.\n(B) Social problems of the central city spill over into the surrounding residential suburbs.\n(C) Inefficiency in providing services occurs often.\n(D) One neighborhood's efforts to reduce pollution are always supported by neighboring communities.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nThe practice of hiring a foreign third-party service provider to run an operation is called\n(A) outsourcing.\n(B) offshoring.\n(C) maquiladoras.\n(D) locational interdependence.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhich one of the following items is an example of nonmaterial culture?\n(A) Dove soap\n(B) Dove candy bar\n(C) Dove symbol\n(D) A dove (bird)\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThe idea that people, and not their environment, are the forces that create cultural development is called\n(A) possibilism.\n(B) animism.\n(C) environmental determinism.\n(D) cultural ecology.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "input_label": 0,
    "topic": "high_school_geography",
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    "i": 419,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School Macroeconomics.\n\nWhich of the following is not included in the U.S. GDP?\n(A) The U.S. military opens a new base in a foreign country with 1000 U.S. personnel.\n(B) Japanese consumers buy thousands of CDs produced in the United States.\n(C) An American pop singer performs a sold-out concert in Paris.\n(D) A French theatrical production tours dozens of American cities.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThe short-run Phillips curve indicates a\n(A) direct relation between unemployment and inflation\n(B) direct relation between price and quantity demanded\n(C) inverse relation between price and quantity demanded\n(D) inverse relation between unemployment and inflation\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA federal deficit occurs when\n(A) exports exceed imports.\n(B) imports exceed exports.\n(C) federal tax collections exceed spending.\n(D) federal spending exceeds federal tax revenues.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nHolding all else equal which of the following monetary policies would be used to boost U.S. exports?\n(A) Increasing the discount rate\n(B) Increasing the reserve ratio\n(C) Buying government securities\n(D) Lowering tariffs\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhich of the following policies best describes supply-side fiscal policy?\n(A) An increase in the money supply\n(B) Increased government spending\n(C) Lower taxes on research and development of new technology\n(D) Higher taxes on household income\n\nAnswer: C\n\nIf the economy is operating below full employment which of the following will have the greatest positive impact on real gross domestic product?\n(A) The government decreases spending with no change in taxes.\n(B) The government increases spending with no change in taxes.\n(C) The government decreases spending and matches it with a decrease in taxes.\n(D) The government holds spending constant while decreasing taxes.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "i": 429,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School Macroeconomics.\n\nWhich of the following is not included in the U.S. GDP?\n(A) The U.S. military opens a new base in a foreign country with 1000 U.S. personnel.\n(B) Japanese consumers buy thousands of CDs produced in the United States.\n(C) An American pop singer performs a sold-out concert in Paris.\n(D) A French theatrical production tours dozens of American cities.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThe short-run Phillips curve indicates a\n(A) direct relation between unemployment and inflation\n(B) direct relation between price and quantity demanded\n(C) inverse relation between price and quantity demanded\n(D) inverse relation between unemployment and inflation\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA federal deficit occurs when\n(A) exports exceed imports.\n(B) imports exceed exports.\n(C) federal tax collections exceed spending.\n(D) federal spending exceeds federal tax revenues.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nHolding all else equal which of the following monetary policies would be used to boost U.S. exports?\n(A) Increasing the discount rate\n(B) Increasing the reserve ratio\n(C) Buying government securities\n(D) Lowering tariffs\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhich of the following policies best describes supply-side fiscal policy?\n(A) An increase in the money supply\n(B) Increased government spending\n(C) Lower taxes on research and development of new technology\n(D) Higher taxes on household income\n\nAnswer: C\n\nStagflation occurs when\n(A) inflation falls and unemployment rises.\n(B) inflation rises and unemployment falls.\n(C) inflation and unemployment both rise.\n(D) Inflation and output both rise.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "i": 435,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School Macroeconomics.\n\nWhich of the following is not included in the U.S. GDP?\n(A) The U.S. military opens a new base in a foreign country with 1000 U.S. personnel.\n(B) Japanese consumers buy thousands of CDs produced in the United States.\n(C) An American pop singer performs a sold-out concert in Paris.\n(D) A French theatrical production tours dozens of American cities.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThe short-run Phillips curve indicates a\n(A) direct relation between unemployment and inflation\n(B) direct relation between price and quantity demanded\n(C) inverse relation between price and quantity demanded\n(D) inverse relation between unemployment and inflation\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA federal deficit occurs when\n(A) exports exceed imports.\n(B) imports exceed exports.\n(C) federal tax collections exceed spending.\n(D) federal spending exceeds federal tax revenues.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nHolding all else equal which of the following monetary policies would be used to boost U.S. exports?\n(A) Increasing the discount rate\n(B) Increasing the reserve ratio\n(C) Buying government securities\n(D) Lowering tariffs\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhich of the following policies best describes supply-side fiscal policy?\n(A) An increase in the money supply\n(B) Increased government spending\n(C) Lower taxes on research and development of new technology\n(D) Higher taxes on household income\n\nAnswer: C\n\nAccording to Classical economic theory a decrease in the money supply would\n(A) raise the price level and output in the economy.\n(B) lower the price level and output in the economy.\n(C) raise the price level in the economy.\n(D) lower the price level in the economy.\n\nAnswer:",
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  },
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    "i": 442,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School Macroeconomics.\n\nWhich of the following is not included in the U.S. GDP?\n(A) The U.S. military opens a new base in a foreign country with 1000 U.S. personnel.\n(B) Japanese consumers buy thousands of CDs produced in the United States.\n(C) An American pop singer performs a sold-out concert in Paris.\n(D) A French theatrical production tours dozens of American cities.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThe short-run Phillips curve indicates a\n(A) direct relation between unemployment and inflation\n(B) direct relation between price and quantity demanded\n(C) inverse relation between price and quantity demanded\n(D) inverse relation between unemployment and inflation\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA federal deficit occurs when\n(A) exports exceed imports.\n(B) imports exceed exports.\n(C) federal tax collections exceed spending.\n(D) federal spending exceeds federal tax revenues.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nHolding all else equal which of the following monetary policies would be used to boost U.S. exports?\n(A) Increasing the discount rate\n(B) Increasing the reserve ratio\n(C) Buying government securities\n(D) Lowering tariffs\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhich of the following policies best describes supply-side fiscal policy?\n(A) An increase in the money supply\n(B) Increased government spending\n(C) Lower taxes on research and development of new technology\n(D) Higher taxes on household income\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThe Law of Demand states that\n(A) the quantity demanded of a product will fall when the price of the product falls.\n(B) the quantity demanded of a product will fall when the price of the product rises.\n(C) when the demand for a product falls so will its price.\n(D) when the demand for a product falls its price will rise.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "i": 445,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School Macroeconomics.\n\nWhich of the following is not included in the U.S. GDP?\n(A) The U.S. military opens a new base in a foreign country with 1000 U.S. personnel.\n(B) Japanese consumers buy thousands of CDs produced in the United States.\n(C) An American pop singer performs a sold-out concert in Paris.\n(D) A French theatrical production tours dozens of American cities.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThe short-run Phillips curve indicates a\n(A) direct relation between unemployment and inflation\n(B) direct relation between price and quantity demanded\n(C) inverse relation between price and quantity demanded\n(D) inverse relation between unemployment and inflation\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA federal deficit occurs when\n(A) exports exceed imports.\n(B) imports exceed exports.\n(C) federal tax collections exceed spending.\n(D) federal spending exceeds federal tax revenues.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nHolding all else equal which of the following monetary policies would be used to boost U.S. exports?\n(A) Increasing the discount rate\n(B) Increasing the reserve ratio\n(C) Buying government securities\n(D) Lowering tariffs\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhich of the following policies best describes supply-side fiscal policy?\n(A) An increase in the money supply\n(B) Increased government spending\n(C) Lower taxes on research and development of new technology\n(D) Higher taxes on household income\n\nAnswer: C\n\nIf the reserve requirement is 2 percent then the money multiplier is\n(A) 5\n(B) 5 percent\n(C) 50\n(D) 50 percent\n\nAnswer:",
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      " D"
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    "input_label": 2,
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    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 454,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School Macroeconomics.\n\nWhich of the following is not included in the U.S. GDP?\n(A) The U.S. military opens a new base in a foreign country with 1000 U.S. personnel.\n(B) Japanese consumers buy thousands of CDs produced in the United States.\n(C) An American pop singer performs a sold-out concert in Paris.\n(D) A French theatrical production tours dozens of American cities.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThe short-run Phillips curve indicates a\n(A) direct relation between unemployment and inflation\n(B) direct relation between price and quantity demanded\n(C) inverse relation between price and quantity demanded\n(D) inverse relation between unemployment and inflation\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA federal deficit occurs when\n(A) exports exceed imports.\n(B) imports exceed exports.\n(C) federal tax collections exceed spending.\n(D) federal spending exceeds federal tax revenues.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nHolding all else equal which of the following monetary policies would be used to boost U.S. exports?\n(A) Increasing the discount rate\n(B) Increasing the reserve ratio\n(C) Buying government securities\n(D) Lowering tariffs\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhich of the following policies best describes supply-side fiscal policy?\n(A) An increase in the money supply\n(B) Increased government spending\n(C) Lower taxes on research and development of new technology\n(D) Higher taxes on household income\n\nAnswer: C\n\nIf global warming raises temperatures so high that snow can never again exist anywhere snow ski instructors will experience which type of unemployment?\n(A) Structural\n(B) Frictional\n(C) Seasonal\n(D) Institutional\n\nAnswer:",
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    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School Mathematics.\n\nJoe was in charge of lights for a dance. The red light blinks every two seconds, the yellow light every three seconds, and the blue light every five seconds. If we include the very beginning and very end of the dance, how many times during a seven minute dance will all the lights come on at the same time? (Assume that all three lights blink simultaneously at the very beginning of the dance.)\n(A) 3\n(B) 15\n(C) 6\n(D) 5\n\nAnswer: B\n\nFive thousand dollars compounded annually at an $x\\%$ interest rate takes six years to double. At the same interest rate, how many years will it take $\\$300$ to grow to $\\$9600$?\n(A) 12\n(B) 1\n(C) 30\n(D) 5\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThe variable $x$ varies directly as the square of $y$, and $y$ varies directly as the cube of $z$. If $x$ equals $-16$ when $z$ equals 2, what is the value of $x$ when $z$ equals $\\frac{1}{2}$?\n(A) -1\n(B) 16\n(C) -\\frac{1}{256}\n(D) \\frac{1}{16}\n\nAnswer: C\n\nSimplify and write the result with a rational denominator: $$\\sqrt{\\sqrt[3]{\\sqrt{\\frac{1}{729}}}}$$\n(A) \\frac{3\\sqrt{3}}{3}\n(B) \\frac{1}{3}\n(C) \\sqrt{3}\n(D) \\frac{\\sqrt{3}}{3}\n\nAnswer: D\n\nTen students take a biology test and receive the following scores: 45, 55, 50, 70, 65, 80, 40, 90, 70, 85. What is the mean of the students’ test scores?\n(A) 55\n(B) 60\n(C) 62\n(D) 65\n\nAnswer: D\n\nHow many positive cubes divide $3!\\cdot 5!\\cdot 7!\\,$?\n(A) 6\n(B) 4\n(C) 3\n(D) 1\n\nAnswer:",
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    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School Microeconomics.\n\nIn a competitive labor market for housepainters, which of the following would increase the demand for housepainters?\n(A) An effective minimum wage imposed on this labor market.\n(B) An increase in the price of gallons of paint.\n(C) An increase in the construction of new houses.\n(D) An increase in the price of mechanical painters so long as the output effect exceeds the substitution effect.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nIf the government subsidizes producers in a perfectly competitive market, then\n(A) the demand for the product will increase\n(B) the demand for the product will decrease\n(C) the consumer surplus will increase\n(D) the consumer surplus will decrease\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThe concentration ratio for a monopoly is\n(A) 0\n(B) 5\n(C) 10\n(D) 100\n\nAnswer: D\n\nWhich of the following is true of a price floor?\n(A) The price floor shifts the demand curve to the left.\n(B) An effective floor creates a shortage of the good.\n(C) The price floor shifts the supply curve of the good to the right.\n(D) To be an effective floor, it must be set above the equilibrium price.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nWhich of the following is necessarily a characteristic of oligopoly?\n(A) Free entry into and exit from the market\n(B) A few large producers\n(C) One producer of a good with no close substitutes\n(D) A homogenous product\n\nAnswer: B\n\nIf average household income rises and we observe that the demand for pork chops increases, pork chops must be\n(A) an inferior good.\n(B) a normal good.\n(C) a surplus good.\n(D) a public good.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School Physics.\n\nWhich of the following conditions will ensure that angular momentum is conserved? I. Conservation of linear momentum II. Zero net external force III. Zero net external torque\n(A) I and II only\n(B) I and III only\n(C) II and III only\n(D) III only\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA pipe full of air is closed at one end. A standing wave is produced in the pipe, causing the pipe to sound a note. Which of the following is a correct statement about the wave’s properties at the closed end of the pipe?\n(A) The pressure is at a node, but the particle displacement is at an antinode.\n(B) The pressure is at an antinode, but the particle displacement is at a node.\n(C) The pressure and the particle displacement are both at nodes.\n(D) The pressure and the particle displacement are both at antinodes.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nA photocell of work function ϕ = 2eV is connected to a resistor in series. Light of frequency f = 1 × 10^15 Hz hits a metal plate of the photocell. If the power of the light is P = 100 W, what is the current through the resistor?\n(A) 2:00 AM\n(B) 6:00 AM\n(C) 12:00 AM\n(D) 24 A\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA microwave oven is connected to an outlet, 120 V, and draws a current of 2 amps. At what rate is energy being used by the microwave oven?\n(A) 10 W\n(B) 30 W\n(C) 60 W\n(D) 240 W\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA point charge, Q = +1 mC, is fixed at the origin. How much work is required to move a charge, Q = +8 µC, from the point (0, 4 meters) to the point (3 meters, 0)?\n(A) 3.5 J\n(B) 6.0 J\n(C) 22.5 J\n(D) 40 J\n\nAnswer: B\n\nA car travelling at a speed of v0 applies its brakes, skidding to a stop over a distance of x m. Assuming that the deceleration due to the brakes is constant, what would be the skidding distance of the same car if it were traveling with twice the initial speed?\n(A) 2x m\n(B) 3x m\n(C) 4x m\n(D) 8x m\n\nAnswer:",
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    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School Psychology.\n\nAni believes that her attitudes and behavior play a central role in what happens to her. Such a belief is likely to be associated with\n(A) a strong superego.\n(B) low self-esteem.\n(C) low self-efficacy.\n(D) an internal locus of control.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nAccording to Caplan's model of consultee-centered case consultation, the consultant is primarily interested in\n(A) identifying the causes and solutions of the client's presenting problems\n(B) identifying and eliminating the causes of the consultee's difficulties in handling a problem\n(C) establishing a hierarchy of authority to enable effective decision making\n(D) presenting a single, well-defined and unambiguous course of action for the consultant to overcome skills deficits\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhile swimming in the ocean, Ivan is frightened by a dark shadow in the water even before he has the chance to identify what the shadow is. The synaptic connections taking place during this incident of fright are best described by which of the following?\n(A) Messages are sent from the thalamus directly to the amygdala.\n(B) Messages are sent from the thalamus to the \"what\" and \"where\" pathways.\n(C) Messages are sent from the parasympathetic nervous system to the cerebral cortex.\n(D) Messages are sent from the frontal lobes to the pituitary gland.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nAccording to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act, which of the following must an educational agency do before it changes the educational placement of a student with a disability?\n(A) Give the child a trial period in the new environment\n(B) Notify the parents in writing\n(C) Obtain school board approval\n(D) Obtain parental consent\n\nAnswer: B\n\nPascale is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. Pascale would best be classified as what type of psychologist?\n(A) sociocultural\n(B) clinical\n(C) cognitive\n(D) behaviorist\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhich of the following conditions best characterizes the focus of a behavioral model of school intervention?\n(A) Underlying psychological processes\n(B) Relationships among children\n(C) Events during the child's infancy\n(D) Observable events\n\nAnswer:",
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    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School Psychology.\n\nAni believes that her attitudes and behavior play a central role in what happens to her. Such a belief is likely to be associated with\n(A) a strong superego.\n(B) low self-esteem.\n(C) low self-efficacy.\n(D) an internal locus of control.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nAccording to Caplan's model of consultee-centered case consultation, the consultant is primarily interested in\n(A) identifying the causes and solutions of the client's presenting problems\n(B) identifying and eliminating the causes of the consultee's difficulties in handling a problem\n(C) establishing a hierarchy of authority to enable effective decision making\n(D) presenting a single, well-defined and unambiguous course of action for the consultant to overcome skills deficits\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhile swimming in the ocean, Ivan is frightened by a dark shadow in the water even before he has the chance to identify what the shadow is. The synaptic connections taking place during this incident of fright are best described by which of the following?\n(A) Messages are sent from the thalamus directly to the amygdala.\n(B) Messages are sent from the thalamus to the \"what\" and \"where\" pathways.\n(C) Messages are sent from the parasympathetic nervous system to the cerebral cortex.\n(D) Messages are sent from the frontal lobes to the pituitary gland.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nAccording to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act, which of the following must an educational agency do before it changes the educational placement of a student with a disability?\n(A) Give the child a trial period in the new environment\n(B) Notify the parents in writing\n(C) Obtain school board approval\n(D) Obtain parental consent\n\nAnswer: B\n\nPascale is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. Pascale would best be classified as what type of psychologist?\n(A) sociocultural\n(B) clinical\n(C) cognitive\n(D) behaviorist\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhy are psychoanalysts sometimes interested in talking with a patient about dreams?\n(A) Psychoanalysts discovered that neurotransmitter abnormalities sometimes cause dream disturbances.\n(B) Since all people are striving for self-actualization, psychoanalysts look at the cognitive obstacles in dreams.\n(C) Nonproductive counterconditioning behaviors are sometimes revealed in dreams.\n(D) Some psychoanalysts believe that dream symbols represent unconscious conflicts.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "i": 590,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School Statistics.\n\nWhich of the following is a correct statement about correlation?\n(A) If the slope of the regression line is exactly 1, then the correlation is exactly 1.\n(B) If the correlation is 0, then the slope of the regression line is undefined.\n(C) Switching which variable is called x and which is called y changes the sign of the correlation.\n(D) The correlation r is equal to the slope of the regression line when z-scores for the y-variable are plotted against z-scores for the x-variable.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nSuppose X and Y are random variables with E(X) = 37, var(X) = 5, E(Y) = 62, and var(Y) = 12. What are the expected value and variance of the random variable X + Y?\n(A) E(X + Y) = 99, var(X + Y) = 8.5\n(B) E(X + Y) = 99, var(X + Y) = 13\n(C) E(X + Y) = 99, var(X + Y) = 17\n(D) There is insufficient information to answer this question.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nAfter a frost warning was issued, the owner of a large orange grove asked his workers to spray all his trees with water. The water was supposed to freeze and form a protective covering of ice around the orange blossom. Nevertheless, the owner suspected that some trees suffered considerable damage due to the frost. To estimate the proportion of trees that suffered more than 50 percent damage due to the frost, he took a random sample of 100 trees from his grove. What is the response variable in this experiment?\n(A) The proportion of trees that suffered more than 50 percent damage due to frost.\n(B) The number of trees affected by the frost.\n(C) The number of trees sampled from the grove.\n(D) For each sampled tree, whether it suffered more than 50 percent damage or at most 50 percent damage.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA new smartwatch is manufactured in one part of a factory, then secured for shipping in another, independent part of the factory. The weight of the smartwatch has a mean of 62 grams and a standard deviation of 1.0 grams. The weight of the packaging (box, user's guide, bubble wrap, etc.) has a mean of 456 grams and a standard deviation of 6 grams. Together, the distribution of the weight of the smartwatch and its packaging would have the following mean and standard deviation:\n(A) Mean 518 grams; standard deviation 7.0 grams\n(B) Mean 518 grams; standard deviation 3.5 grams\n(C) Mean 518 grams; standard deviation 6.1 grams\n(D) Mean 394 grams; standard deviation 6.1 grams\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhich of the following sets has the smallest standard deviation? Which has the largest? I: {1,2,3} II: {-10,10} III: {100}\n(A) I, II\n(B) II, III\n(C) III, I\n(D) III, II\n\nAnswer: D\n\nRandom samples of size n are drawn from a population. The mean of each sample is calculated, and the standard deviation of this set of sample means is found. Then the procedure is repeated, this time with samples of size 4n. How does the standard deviation of the second group compare with the standard deviation of the first group?\n(A) It will be the same.\n(B) It will be twice as large.\n(C) It will be four times as large.\n(D) It will be half as large.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School Statistics.\n\nWhich of the following is a correct statement about correlation?\n(A) If the slope of the regression line is exactly 1, then the correlation is exactly 1.\n(B) If the correlation is 0, then the slope of the regression line is undefined.\n(C) Switching which variable is called x and which is called y changes the sign of the correlation.\n(D) The correlation r is equal to the slope of the regression line when z-scores for the y-variable are plotted against z-scores for the x-variable.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nSuppose X and Y are random variables with E(X) = 37, var(X) = 5, E(Y) = 62, and var(Y) = 12. What are the expected value and variance of the random variable X + Y?\n(A) E(X + Y) = 99, var(X + Y) = 8.5\n(B) E(X + Y) = 99, var(X + Y) = 13\n(C) E(X + Y) = 99, var(X + Y) = 17\n(D) There is insufficient information to answer this question.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nAfter a frost warning was issued, the owner of a large orange grove asked his workers to spray all his trees with water. The water was supposed to freeze and form a protective covering of ice around the orange blossom. Nevertheless, the owner suspected that some trees suffered considerable damage due to the frost. To estimate the proportion of trees that suffered more than 50 percent damage due to the frost, he took a random sample of 100 trees from his grove. What is the response variable in this experiment?\n(A) The proportion of trees that suffered more than 50 percent damage due to frost.\n(B) The number of trees affected by the frost.\n(C) The number of trees sampled from the grove.\n(D) For each sampled tree, whether it suffered more than 50 percent damage or at most 50 percent damage.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA new smartwatch is manufactured in one part of a factory, then secured for shipping in another, independent part of the factory. The weight of the smartwatch has a mean of 62 grams and a standard deviation of 1.0 grams. The weight of the packaging (box, user's guide, bubble wrap, etc.) has a mean of 456 grams and a standard deviation of 6 grams. Together, the distribution of the weight of the smartwatch and its packaging would have the following mean and standard deviation:\n(A) Mean 518 grams; standard deviation 7.0 grams\n(B) Mean 518 grams; standard deviation 3.5 grams\n(C) Mean 518 grams; standard deviation 6.1 grams\n(D) Mean 394 grams; standard deviation 6.1 grams\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhich of the following sets has the smallest standard deviation? Which has the largest? I: {1,2,3} II: {-10,10} III: {100}\n(A) I, II\n(B) II, III\n(C) III, I\n(D) III, II\n\nAnswer: D\n\nIn basketball, an offensive rebound occurs when a player shoots and misses, and a player from the same team recovers the ball. For the 176 players on the roster for one season of professional men's basketball, the third quartile for the total number of offensive rebounds for one season was 143. If five players are selected at random (with replacement) from that season, what is the approximate probability that at least three of them had more than 143 rebounds that season?\n(A) 0.0127\n(B) 0.0879\n(C) 0.1035\n(D) 0.8965\n\nAnswer:",
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    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School US History.\n\nThis question refers to the following information. \"Society in every state is a blessing, but government even in its best state is but a necessary evil; in its worst state an intolerable one; for when we suffer, or are exposed to the same miseries by a government, which we might expect in a country without government, our calamity is heightened by reflecting that we furnish the means by which we suffer. Government, like dress, is the badge of lost innocence; the palaces of kings are built on the ruins of the bowers of paradise. For were the impulses of conscience clear, uniform, and irresistibly obeyed, man would need no other lawgiver; but that not being the case, he finds it necessary to surrender up a part of his property to furnish means for the protection of the rest; and this he is induced to do by the same prudence which in every other case advises him out of two evils to choose the least. Wherefore, security being the true design and end of government, it unanswerably follows that whatever form thereof appears most likely to ensure it to us, with the least expense and greatest benefit, is preferable to all others.\" Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 Which of the following \"miseries\" alluded to above were most condemned by Anti-Federalists of the post-Revolutionary era?\n(A) Organized response to Bacon's Rebellion\n(B) Federal response to Shays's Rebellion\n(C) Federal response to the Whiskey Rebellion\n(D) Federal response to Pontiac's Rebellion\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThis question refers to the following information. \"As our late Conduct at the Conestoga Manor and Lancaster have occasioned much Speculation & a great diversity of Sentiments in this and neighboring Governments; some vindicating & others condemning it; some charitably alleviating the Crime, & others maliciously painting it in the most odious & detestable Colours, we think it our duty to lay before the Publick, the whole Matter as it appeared, & still appears, to us. . . . \"If these things are not sufficient to prove an unjustifiable Attachment in the Quakers to the Indians Savages, a fixed Resolution to befriend them & an utter insensibility to human Distresses, let us consider a few more recent Facts. When we found the last Summer that we were likely to get no Assistance from the Government, some Volunteers went out at our own Expense, determined to drive our Enemies from our Borders; & when we came near to the great Island, we understood that a Number of their Warriors had gone out against our Frontiers. Upon this we returned and came up with them and fought with them at the Munfey Hill where we lost some of our Men & killed some of their Warriors & thereby saved our Frontiers from this Story in another Expedition. But no sooner had we destroyed their Provisions on the great Island, & ruined their trade with the good People at Bethlehem, but these very Indians, who were justly suspected of having murdered our Friends in Northampton County, were by the Influence of some Quakers taken under the Protection of the Government to screen them from the Resentments of the Friends and Relations of the Murdered, & to support them thro the Winter.\" —\"Apology of the Paxton Boys\" (pamphlet), 1764 (Note: \"apology\" in this context should be read as an explanation, not an admission of guilt or regret.) The sentiments expressed in the explanation above reflect which of the ongoing tensions during the colonial period of American history?\n(A) Tensions between British policies and the aspirations of North American colonists.\n(B) Tensions between American Indians allied with the French and those allied with the British.\n(C) Tensions between freed African Americans and white planters.\n(D) Tensions between backcountry settlers and elites within colonial America.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nThis question refers to the following information. \"In the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a Rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation.\" Abigail Adams, in a letter to John Adams, 1776 \"Special legislation for woman has placed us in a most anomalous position. Women invested with the rights of citizens in one section—voters, jurors, office-holders—crossing an imaginary line, are subjects in the next. In some States, a married woman may hold property and transact business in her own name; in others, her earnings belong to her husband. In some States, a woman may testify against her husband, sue and be sued in the courts; in others, she has no redress in case of damage to person, property, or character. In case of divorce on account of adultery in the husband, the innocent wife is held to possess no right to children or property, unless by special decree of the court. But in no State of the Union has the wife the right to her own person, or to any part of the joint earnings of the co-partnership during the life of her husband. In some States women may enter the law schools and practice in the courts; in others they are forbidden. In some universities girls enjoy equal educational advantages with boys, while many of the proudest institutions in the land deny them admittance, though the sons of China, Japan and Africa are welcomed there. But the privileges already granted in the several States are by no means secure.\" Susan B. Anthony, \"Declaration of Rights for Women,\" July 4, 1876 The sentiments expressed in the second excerpt by Susan B. Anthony are most likely in support of\n(A) the Equal Rights Amendment\n(B) universal suffrage\n(C) states' rights\n(D) prohibition\n\nAnswer: B\n\nThis question refers to the following information. Our leaders talk about stopping aggression from the north, but this was a struggle among groups of Vietnamese until we intervened. We seem bent upon saving the Vietnamese from Ho Chi Minh even if we have to kill them and demolish their country to do it. As the native people survey bombed-out villages, women and children burned by napalm, rice crops destroyed and cities overrun with our military personnel, they are doubtless saying secretly of the Vietcong guerillas and of the American forces, \"A plague on both your houses.\" … Stop the bombing, north and south, end search and destroy offensive sweeps, and confine our military action to holding operations on the ground. Bombing the north has failed to halt or seriously check the flow of troops to the south and may, in fact, have prompted a much greater war effort by Hanoi. —Senator George McGovern, \"The Lessons of Vietnam,\" April 25, 1967 Which of the following opinions from the 1960s most directly reflects the perspective of George McGovern's speech?\n(A) Americans must maximize their technological edge in Vietnam.\n(B) American bombing in Vietnam is step by step leading to progress in the war.\n(C) American bombing in Vietnam is a failure.\n(D) America must not give in to defeatism about the war in Vietnam.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThis question refers to the following information. I come not to urge personal claims, nor to seek individual benefits; I appear as the advocate of those who cannot plead their own cause; I come as the friend of those who are deserted, oppressed, and desolate. In the Providence of God, I am the voice of the maniac whose piercing cries from the dreary dungeons of your jails penetrate not your Halls of Legislation. I am the Hope of the poor crazed beings who pine in the cells, and stalls, and cages, and waste rooms of your poor-houses. I am the Revelation of hundreds of wailing, suffering creatures, hidden in your private dwellings, and in pens and cabins—shut out, cut off from all healing influences, from all mind-restoring cares.… Could their melancholy histories be spread before you as revealed to my grieved spirit during the last three months, how promptly, how earnestly would you search out the most approved means of relief; how trifling, how insignificant, by comparison, would appear the sacrifices you are asked to make; how would a few dimes and dollars, gathered from each citizen, diminish in value as a possession, compared with the certain benefits and vast good to be secured for the suffering insane...by the consecration and application of a sufficient fund to the construction of a suitable hospital.… —Dorothea Dix, Memorial Soliciting a State Hospital for the Protection and Cure of the Insane, Submitted to the General Assembly of North Carolina, November 1848 Dorothea Dix can best be compared to whom?\n(A) Abigail Adams\n(B) Clara Barton\n(C) Shirley Temple\n(D) Hillary Clinton\n\nAnswer: B\n\nThis question refers to the following information. \"When we were kids the United States was the wealthiest and strongest country in the world; the only one with the atom bomb, the least scarred by modern war, an initiator of the United Nations that we thought would distribute Western influence throughout the world. Freedom and equality for each individual, government of, by, and for the people—these American values we found good, principles by which we could live as men. Many of us began maturing in complacency. \"As we grew, however, our comfort was penetrated by events too troubling to dismiss. First, the permeating and victimizing fact of human degradation, symbolized by the Southern struggle against racial bigotry, compelled most of us from silence to activism. Second, the enclosing fact of the Cold War, symbolized by the presence of the Bomb, brought awareness that we ourselves, and our friends, and millions of abstract 'others' we knew more directly because of our common peril, might die at any time. . . .\" —Port Huron Statement, 1962 The language of this document can be seen as a repudiation of which of the following policies or actions from the Eisenhower years?\n(A) The \"New Look\" foreign policy.\n(B) Increases in funding for the United Nations.\n(C) Intervention in the Little Rock, Arkansas crisis.\n(D) Renewed focus on education.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School US History.\n\nThis question refers to the following information. \"Society in every state is a blessing, but government even in its best state is but a necessary evil; in its worst state an intolerable one; for when we suffer, or are exposed to the same miseries by a government, which we might expect in a country without government, our calamity is heightened by reflecting that we furnish the means by which we suffer. Government, like dress, is the badge of lost innocence; the palaces of kings are built on the ruins of the bowers of paradise. For were the impulses of conscience clear, uniform, and irresistibly obeyed, man would need no other lawgiver; but that not being the case, he finds it necessary to surrender up a part of his property to furnish means for the protection of the rest; and this he is induced to do by the same prudence which in every other case advises him out of two evils to choose the least. Wherefore, security being the true design and end of government, it unanswerably follows that whatever form thereof appears most likely to ensure it to us, with the least expense and greatest benefit, is preferable to all others.\" Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 Which of the following \"miseries\" alluded to above were most condemned by Anti-Federalists of the post-Revolutionary era?\n(A) Organized response to Bacon's Rebellion\n(B) Federal response to Shays's Rebellion\n(C) Federal response to the Whiskey Rebellion\n(D) Federal response to Pontiac's Rebellion\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThis question refers to the following information. \"As our late Conduct at the Conestoga Manor and Lancaster have occasioned much Speculation & a great diversity of Sentiments in this and neighboring Governments; some vindicating & others condemning it; some charitably alleviating the Crime, & others maliciously painting it in the most odious & detestable Colours, we think it our duty to lay before the Publick, the whole Matter as it appeared, & still appears, to us. . . . \"If these things are not sufficient to prove an unjustifiable Attachment in the Quakers to the Indians Savages, a fixed Resolution to befriend them & an utter insensibility to human Distresses, let us consider a few more recent Facts. When we found the last Summer that we were likely to get no Assistance from the Government, some Volunteers went out at our own Expense, determined to drive our Enemies from our Borders; & when we came near to the great Island, we understood that a Number of their Warriors had gone out against our Frontiers. Upon this we returned and came up with them and fought with them at the Munfey Hill where we lost some of our Men & killed some of their Warriors & thereby saved our Frontiers from this Story in another Expedition. But no sooner had we destroyed their Provisions on the great Island, & ruined their trade with the good People at Bethlehem, but these very Indians, who were justly suspected of having murdered our Friends in Northampton County, were by the Influence of some Quakers taken under the Protection of the Government to screen them from the Resentments of the Friends and Relations of the Murdered, & to support them thro the Winter.\" —\"Apology of the Paxton Boys\" (pamphlet), 1764 (Note: \"apology\" in this context should be read as an explanation, not an admission of guilt or regret.) The sentiments expressed in the explanation above reflect which of the ongoing tensions during the colonial period of American history?\n(A) Tensions between British policies and the aspirations of North American colonists.\n(B) Tensions between American Indians allied with the French and those allied with the British.\n(C) Tensions between freed African Americans and white planters.\n(D) Tensions between backcountry settlers and elites within colonial America.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nThis question refers to the following information. \"In the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the Ladies we are determined to foment a Rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation.\" Abigail Adams, in a letter to John Adams, 1776 \"Special legislation for woman has placed us in a most anomalous position. Women invested with the rights of citizens in one section—voters, jurors, office-holders—crossing an imaginary line, are subjects in the next. In some States, a married woman may hold property and transact business in her own name; in others, her earnings belong to her husband. In some States, a woman may testify against her husband, sue and be sued in the courts; in others, she has no redress in case of damage to person, property, or character. In case of divorce on account of adultery in the husband, the innocent wife is held to possess no right to children or property, unless by special decree of the court. But in no State of the Union has the wife the right to her own person, or to any part of the joint earnings of the co-partnership during the life of her husband. In some States women may enter the law schools and practice in the courts; in others they are forbidden. In some universities girls enjoy equal educational advantages with boys, while many of the proudest institutions in the land deny them admittance, though the sons of China, Japan and Africa are welcomed there. But the privileges already granted in the several States are by no means secure.\" Susan B. Anthony, \"Declaration of Rights for Women,\" July 4, 1876 The sentiments expressed in the second excerpt by Susan B. Anthony are most likely in support of\n(A) the Equal Rights Amendment\n(B) universal suffrage\n(C) states' rights\n(D) prohibition\n\nAnswer: B\n\nThis question refers to the following information. Our leaders talk about stopping aggression from the north, but this was a struggle among groups of Vietnamese until we intervened. We seem bent upon saving the Vietnamese from Ho Chi Minh even if we have to kill them and demolish their country to do it. As the native people survey bombed-out villages, women and children burned by napalm, rice crops destroyed and cities overrun with our military personnel, they are doubtless saying secretly of the Vietcong guerillas and of the American forces, \"A plague on both your houses.\" … Stop the bombing, north and south, end search and destroy offensive sweeps, and confine our military action to holding operations on the ground. Bombing the north has failed to halt or seriously check the flow of troops to the south and may, in fact, have prompted a much greater war effort by Hanoi. —Senator George McGovern, \"The Lessons of Vietnam,\" April 25, 1967 Which of the following opinions from the 1960s most directly reflects the perspective of George McGovern's speech?\n(A) Americans must maximize their technological edge in Vietnam.\n(B) American bombing in Vietnam is step by step leading to progress in the war.\n(C) American bombing in Vietnam is a failure.\n(D) America must not give in to defeatism about the war in Vietnam.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThis question refers to the following information. I come not to urge personal claims, nor to seek individual benefits; I appear as the advocate of those who cannot plead their own cause; I come as the friend of those who are deserted, oppressed, and desolate. In the Providence of God, I am the voice of the maniac whose piercing cries from the dreary dungeons of your jails penetrate not your Halls of Legislation. I am the Hope of the poor crazed beings who pine in the cells, and stalls, and cages, and waste rooms of your poor-houses. I am the Revelation of hundreds of wailing, suffering creatures, hidden in your private dwellings, and in pens and cabins—shut out, cut off from all healing influences, from all mind-restoring cares.… Could their melancholy histories be spread before you as revealed to my grieved spirit during the last three months, how promptly, how earnestly would you search out the most approved means of relief; how trifling, how insignificant, by comparison, would appear the sacrifices you are asked to make; how would a few dimes and dollars, gathered from each citizen, diminish in value as a possession, compared with the certain benefits and vast good to be secured for the suffering insane...by the consecration and application of a sufficient fund to the construction of a suitable hospital.… —Dorothea Dix, Memorial Soliciting a State Hospital for the Protection and Cure of the Insane, Submitted to the General Assembly of North Carolina, November 1848 Dorothea Dix can best be compared to whom?\n(A) Abigail Adams\n(B) Clara Barton\n(C) Shirley Temple\n(D) Hillary Clinton\n\nAnswer: B\n\nThis question refers to the following information. \"The economic ills we suffer have come upon us over several decades. They will not go away in days, weeks, or months, but they will go away. They will go away because we as Americans have the capacity now, as we've had in the past, to do whatever needs to be done to preserve this last and greatest bastion of freedom. In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem. . . . \"It is my intention to curb the size and influence of the Federal establishment and to demand recognition of the distinction between the powers granted to the Federal Government and those reserved to the States or to the people. All of us need to be reminded that the Federal Government did not create the States; the States created the Federal Government.\" —Ronald Reagan, First Inaugural Address, January 21, 1981 Which of the following would have most likely agreed with President Reagan's statement that the federal government was created by the states and the federal government's role should be limited?\n(A) The Anti-Federalists.\n(B) The Whig Party.\n(C) The Mugwumps.\n(D) The Progressives.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "i": 636,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School World History.\n\nThis question refers to the following information. He contains all works and desires and all perfumes and all tastes. He enfolds the whole universe and in silence is loving to all. This is the Spirit that is in my heart, this is Brahman. To him I shall come when I go beyond this life, and to him will come he who has faith and doubts not. —The Upanishads, India, c. 1000 BCE To which religion does the speaker most likely belong?\n(A) Hinduism\n(B) Buddhism\n(C) Shintoism\n(D) Zoroastrianism\n\nAnswer: A\n\nThis question refers to the following information. \"The struggle against neo-colonialism is not aimed at excluding the capital of the developed world from operating in less developed countries. It is aimed at preventing the financial power of the developed countries being used in such a way as to impoverish the less developed. Non-alignment, as practiced by Ghana and many other countries, is based on co-operation with all States whether they be capitalist, socialist or have a mixed economy. Such a policy, therefore, involves foreign investment from capitalist countries, but it must be invested in accordance with a national plan drawn up by the government of the non-aligned State with its own interests in mind. The issue is not what return the foreign investor receives on his investments…The question is one of power. A State in the grip of neo-colonialism is not master of its own destiny.\" Kwame Nkrumah, Neo-Colonialism, 1965 Which of the following provides the best context for Nkrumah's writings?\n(A) The Industrial Revolution\n(B) Decolonization\n(C) Regional Free Trade Associations\n(D) Autarky\n\nAnswer: B\n\nThis question refers to the following information. \"The real grievance of the worker is the insecurity of his existence; he is not sure that he will always have work, he is not sure that he will always be healthy, and he foresees that he will one day be old and unfit to work. If he falls into poverty, even if only through a prolonged illness, he is then completely helpless, exam_ins to his own devices, and society does not currently recognize any real obligation towards him beyond the usual help for the poor, even if he has been working all the time ever so faithfully and diligently. The usual help for the poor, however, leaves a lot to be desired, especially in large cities, where it is very much worse than in the country.\" Otto von Bismarck, 1884 Otto von Bismarck likely made this speech in reaction to which of the following issues?\n(A) Social acceptance of child labor\n(B) Declining life expectancy in Germany\n(C) Criticisms of German trade tariffs\n(D) Negative effects attributed to industrial capitalism\n\nAnswer: D\n\nThis question refers to the following information. \"Indeed, as both the fatwas of distinguished [scholars] who base their opinion on reason and tradition alike and the consensus of the Sunni community agree that the ancient obligation of extirpation, extermination, and expulsion of evil innovation must be the aim of our exalted aspiration, for \"Religious zeal is a victory for the Faith of God the Beneficent\"; then, in accordance with the words of the Prophet (Peace upon him!) \"Whosoever introduces evil innovation into our order must be expelled\" and \"Whosoever does aught against our order must be expelled,\" action has become necessary and exigent…\" Letter from Ottoman Sultan Selim I to Safavid Shah Ismail I, 1514 The letter from Selim I is most clearly an example of which of the following?\n(A) The maintenance of military supremacy at all costs\n(B) Expanding tensions between religious sects\n(C) Factors that brought about the collapse of the Ottoman Empire\n(D) Peacemaking efforts among the Islamic empires\n\nAnswer: B\n\nThis question refers to the following information. \"At least one of the [world's] societies would have to somehow enormously increase its productivity [in order to achieve global hegemony]. That quantum jump would have to be made before the various scientific, technological, agricultural, and industrial revolutions on which our post-quantum-leap world rests. It could only be accomplished by exploiting the ecosystems, mineral resources, and human assets of whole continents outside the lands of the society making the jump. Western Europe did just that by means of its brutality and guns and, more important, by geographical and ecological luck.\" Copyright © 2015 Cambridge University Press. Alfred Crosby, historian, Ecological Imperialism, 2004 The \"quantum jump\" mentioned in the passage most directly contributed to which of the following developments in the period 1450–1750 C.E.?\n(A) A breakdown in trade routes through the collapse of the established state structure\n(B) An increase in the population of the world through more plentiful supplies of food\n(C) The spread of Chinese and Indian belief systems across the world\n(D) An increase in social unrest\n\nAnswer: B\n\nThis question refers to the following information. Source 1: \"The case of a broken thigh is analogous to that of the arm, but in particular, a fractured thigh is mostly deranged forwards and outwards, for the bone is naturally flattened on those sides. It is to be set by the hands, with ligatures, and even cords applied, the one above and the other below the fracture. When the fracture takes place at one end, if at the head of the thigh, the middle part of a thong wrapped round with wool, so that it may not cut the parts there, is to be applied to the perineum, and the ends of it brought up to the head and given to an assistant to hold, and applying a ligature below the fracture, we give the ends of it to another assistant to make extension. If it is fractured near the knee, we apply the ligature immediately above the fracture, and give the ends to an assistant, with which to make extension upwards; and while we put a ligature round the knee to secure it, and while the patient lies thus, with his leg extended, we arrange the fracture.\" Paul of Aegina, Epitome: On the Fracture of the Thigh and Nose, late seventh century C.E. Source 2: \"Medicine considers the human body as to the means by which it is cured and by which it is driven away from health. The knowledge of anything, since all things have causes, is not acquired or complete unless it is known by its causes. Therefore in medicine we ought to know the causes of sickness and health. And because health and sickness and their causes are sometimes manifest, and sometimes hidden and not to be comprehended except by the study of symptoms, we must also study the symptoms of health and disease. Now it is established in the sciences that no knowledge is acquired save through the study of its causes and beginnings, if it has had causes and beginnings; nor completed except by knowledge of its accidents and accompanying essentials.\" Ibn Sina (Avicenna), On Medicine, ca. 1020 C.E. Which of the following characterizes both of the passages?\n(A) A reliance upon supernatural understandings of physical phenomena\n(B) A reliance upon reason and rationalistic understandings of physical phenomena\n(C) A reliance upon abstract philosophical understandings of physical phenomena\n(D) A reliance upon astrological understandings of physical phenomena\n\nAnswer:",
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    "i": 654,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School World History.\n\nThis question refers to the following information. He contains all works and desires and all perfumes and all tastes. He enfolds the whole universe and in silence is loving to all. This is the Spirit that is in my heart, this is Brahman. To him I shall come when I go beyond this life, and to him will come he who has faith and doubts not. —The Upanishads, India, c. 1000 BCE To which religion does the speaker most likely belong?\n(A) Hinduism\n(B) Buddhism\n(C) Shintoism\n(D) Zoroastrianism\n\nAnswer: A\n\nThis question refers to the following information. \"The struggle against neo-colonialism is not aimed at excluding the capital of the developed world from operating in less developed countries. It is aimed at preventing the financial power of the developed countries being used in such a way as to impoverish the less developed. Non-alignment, as practiced by Ghana and many other countries, is based on co-operation with all States whether they be capitalist, socialist or have a mixed economy. Such a policy, therefore, involves foreign investment from capitalist countries, but it must be invested in accordance with a national plan drawn up by the government of the non-aligned State with its own interests in mind. The issue is not what return the foreign investor receives on his investments…The question is one of power. A State in the grip of neo-colonialism is not master of its own destiny.\" Kwame Nkrumah, Neo-Colonialism, 1965 Which of the following provides the best context for Nkrumah's writings?\n(A) The Industrial Revolution\n(B) Decolonization\n(C) Regional Free Trade Associations\n(D) Autarky\n\nAnswer: B\n\nThis question refers to the following information. \"The real grievance of the worker is the insecurity of his existence; he is not sure that he will always have work, he is not sure that he will always be healthy, and he foresees that he will one day be old and unfit to work. If he falls into poverty, even if only through a prolonged illness, he is then completely helpless, exam_ins to his own devices, and society does not currently recognize any real obligation towards him beyond the usual help for the poor, even if he has been working all the time ever so faithfully and diligently. The usual help for the poor, however, leaves a lot to be desired, especially in large cities, where it is very much worse than in the country.\" Otto von Bismarck, 1884 Otto von Bismarck likely made this speech in reaction to which of the following issues?\n(A) Social acceptance of child labor\n(B) Declining life expectancy in Germany\n(C) Criticisms of German trade tariffs\n(D) Negative effects attributed to industrial capitalism\n\nAnswer: D\n\nThis question refers to the following information. \"Indeed, as both the fatwas of distinguished [scholars] who base their opinion on reason and tradition alike and the consensus of the Sunni community agree that the ancient obligation of extirpation, extermination, and expulsion of evil innovation must be the aim of our exalted aspiration, for \"Religious zeal is a victory for the Faith of God the Beneficent\"; then, in accordance with the words of the Prophet (Peace upon him!) \"Whosoever introduces evil innovation into our order must be expelled\" and \"Whosoever does aught against our order must be expelled,\" action has become necessary and exigent…\" Letter from Ottoman Sultan Selim I to Safavid Shah Ismail I, 1514 The letter from Selim I is most clearly an example of which of the following?\n(A) The maintenance of military supremacy at all costs\n(B) Expanding tensions between religious sects\n(C) Factors that brought about the collapse of the Ottoman Empire\n(D) Peacemaking efforts among the Islamic empires\n\nAnswer: B\n\nThis question refers to the following information. \"At least one of the [world's] societies would have to somehow enormously increase its productivity [in order to achieve global hegemony]. That quantum jump would have to be made before the various scientific, technological, agricultural, and industrial revolutions on which our post-quantum-leap world rests. It could only be accomplished by exploiting the ecosystems, mineral resources, and human assets of whole continents outside the lands of the society making the jump. Western Europe did just that by means of its brutality and guns and, more important, by geographical and ecological luck.\" Copyright © 2015 Cambridge University Press. Alfred Crosby, historian, Ecological Imperialism, 2004 The \"quantum jump\" mentioned in the passage most directly contributed to which of the following developments in the period 1450–1750 C.E.?\n(A) A breakdown in trade routes through the collapse of the established state structure\n(B) An increase in the population of the world through more plentiful supplies of food\n(C) The spread of Chinese and Indian belief systems across the world\n(D) An increase in social unrest\n\nAnswer: B\n\nThis question refers to the following information. I have, in conformity without resolve, put together some few points concerning the reformation of the Christian estate, with the intent of placing the same before the Christian nobility of the German nation. . . . It is not out of mere arrogance and perversity that I, an individual poor man, have taken upon me to address your lordships. The distress and misery that oppress all the Christian estates, more especially in Germany, have led not only myself, but every one else, to cry aloud and to ask for help. . . . These Romanists have, with great adroitness, drawn three walls around themselves, with which they have hitherto protected themselves, so that no one could reform them, whereby all Christendom has fallen terribly. . . . That the Temporal Power Has no Jurisdiction over the Spirituality . . . That No One May Interpret the Scriptures but the Pope . . . That No One May Call a Council but the Pope. . . . Let us now consider the matters which should be treated in the councils, and with which popes, cardinals, bishops, and all learned men should occupy themselves day and night. . . . It is a distressing and terrible thing to see that the head of Christendom, who boasts of being the vicar of Christ and the successor of St. Peter, lives in a worldly pomp that no king or emperor can equal. What is the use in Christendom of the people called \"cardinals\"? I will tell you. In Italy and Germany there are many rich convents, endowments, fiefs, and benefices, and as the best way of getting these into the hands of Rome, they created cardinals, and gave them the sees, convents, and prelacies, and thus destroyed the service of God. —Martin Luther, Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation In response to the criticisms raised by Martin Luther and other Protestant reformers, the Roman Catholic Church made which of the following moves at the Council of Trent?\n(A) It accepted the doctrine of predestination.\n(B) It rejected saints as intermediaries.\n(C) It accepted scriptures in the vernacular.\n(D) It rejected salvation based on faith alone.\n\nAnswer:",
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  },
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    "i": 656,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about High School World History.\n\nThis question refers to the following information. He contains all works and desires and all perfumes and all tastes. He enfolds the whole universe and in silence is loving to all. This is the Spirit that is in my heart, this is Brahman. To him I shall come when I go beyond this life, and to him will come he who has faith and doubts not. —The Upanishads, India, c. 1000 BCE To which religion does the speaker most likely belong?\n(A) Hinduism\n(B) Buddhism\n(C) Shintoism\n(D) Zoroastrianism\n\nAnswer: A\n\nThis question refers to the following information. \"The struggle against neo-colonialism is not aimed at excluding the capital of the developed world from operating in less developed countries. It is aimed at preventing the financial power of the developed countries being used in such a way as to impoverish the less developed. Non-alignment, as practiced by Ghana and many other countries, is based on co-operation with all States whether they be capitalist, socialist or have a mixed economy. Such a policy, therefore, involves foreign investment from capitalist countries, but it must be invested in accordance with a national plan drawn up by the government of the non-aligned State with its own interests in mind. The issue is not what return the foreign investor receives on his investments…The question is one of power. A State in the grip of neo-colonialism is not master of its own destiny.\" Kwame Nkrumah, Neo-Colonialism, 1965 Which of the following provides the best context for Nkrumah's writings?\n(A) The Industrial Revolution\n(B) Decolonization\n(C) Regional Free Trade Associations\n(D) Autarky\n\nAnswer: B\n\nThis question refers to the following information. \"The real grievance of the worker is the insecurity of his existence; he is not sure that he will always have work, he is not sure that he will always be healthy, and he foresees that he will one day be old and unfit to work. If he falls into poverty, even if only through a prolonged illness, he is then completely helpless, exam_ins to his own devices, and society does not currently recognize any real obligation towards him beyond the usual help for the poor, even if he has been working all the time ever so faithfully and diligently. The usual help for the poor, however, leaves a lot to be desired, especially in large cities, where it is very much worse than in the country.\" Otto von Bismarck, 1884 Otto von Bismarck likely made this speech in reaction to which of the following issues?\n(A) Social acceptance of child labor\n(B) Declining life expectancy in Germany\n(C) Criticisms of German trade tariffs\n(D) Negative effects attributed to industrial capitalism\n\nAnswer: D\n\nThis question refers to the following information. \"Indeed, as both the fatwas of distinguished [scholars] who base their opinion on reason and tradition alike and the consensus of the Sunni community agree that the ancient obligation of extirpation, extermination, and expulsion of evil innovation must be the aim of our exalted aspiration, for \"Religious zeal is a victory for the Faith of God the Beneficent\"; then, in accordance with the words of the Prophet (Peace upon him!) \"Whosoever introduces evil innovation into our order must be expelled\" and \"Whosoever does aught against our order must be expelled,\" action has become necessary and exigent…\" Letter from Ottoman Sultan Selim I to Safavid Shah Ismail I, 1514 The letter from Selim I is most clearly an example of which of the following?\n(A) The maintenance of military supremacy at all costs\n(B) Expanding tensions between religious sects\n(C) Factors that brought about the collapse of the Ottoman Empire\n(D) Peacemaking efforts among the Islamic empires\n\nAnswer: B\n\nThis question refers to the following information. \"At least one of the [world's] societies would have to somehow enormously increase its productivity [in order to achieve global hegemony]. That quantum jump would have to be made before the various scientific, technological, agricultural, and industrial revolutions on which our post-quantum-leap world rests. It could only be accomplished by exploiting the ecosystems, mineral resources, and human assets of whole continents outside the lands of the society making the jump. Western Europe did just that by means of its brutality and guns and, more important, by geographical and ecological luck.\" Copyright © 2015 Cambridge University Press. Alfred Crosby, historian, Ecological Imperialism, 2004 The \"quantum jump\" mentioned in the passage most directly contributed to which of the following developments in the period 1450–1750 C.E.?\n(A) A breakdown in trade routes through the collapse of the established state structure\n(B) An increase in the population of the world through more plentiful supplies of food\n(C) The spread of Chinese and Indian belief systems across the world\n(D) An increase in social unrest\n\nAnswer: B\n\nThis question refers to the following information. This ruler of Syria made me spend many years as commander of his army, Every land to which I turned I overcame. I destroyed its green fields and its wells, I captured its cattle, I took captive its inhabitants, I deprived them of their provisions, and I slew [many] people…by my sword, my bow, my marchings, and my good devices. Thus my excellence was in his heart; he loved me and he knew my valor; …he set me at the head of his sons, when he saw the success of my handiwork. There came a champion of Syria to defy me in my tent; a bold man without equal, for he had vanquished all his rivals. He said, \"Let Sanehat fight with me.\" He thought to overcome me; he designed to take my cattle, thus being counseled by his tribe. The Tale of Sanehat, Egyptian poem written during the Middle Kingdom, ca.1800 B.C.E. Which of the following best describes foreign policy followed by the Egyptian New Kingdom, which existed between 1550 and 1069 B.C.E.?\n(A) A gradual withdrawal from the Nubian lands in Sudan conquered during the Middle Kingdom\n(B) Peaceful coexistence with Libyan peoples who lived along the Mediterranean coast\n(C) War with the successor kingdoms of Alexander the Great's empire for hegemony of the Eastern Mediterranean\n(D) War with the Hittites over control of Syria and the Levant\n\nAnswer:",
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    "i": 663,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Human Aging.\n\nWhich of the following persons is more likely to remain at home alone, as of 2019?\n(A) An Asian man or woman\n(B) A Hispanic man\n(C) An African American woman\n(D) A white man or woman\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThe finding that adults tend to remember events from their adolescence better than from other periods in their lives is referred to as the\n(A) Adolescence advantage\n(B) Reminiscence bump\n(C) Memorial memorial\n(D) Quadratic retrieval spike\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhen older adults move to a new state after retirement, which of the following is the more likely destination?\n(A) Texas\n(B) California\n(C) Hawaii\n(D) Vermont\n\nAnswer: A\n\nWhich element in tobacco smoke is responsible for cancers?\n(A) Nicotine\n(B) Tar\n(C) Carbon monoxide\n(D) Smoke particles\n\nAnswer: B\n\nAll other things being equal, which of the following persons is more likely to show osteoporosis?\n(A) An older Hispanic American woman\n(B) An older African American woman\n(C) An older Asian American woman\n(D) An older Native American woman\n\nAnswer: C\n\nMetamemory refers to\n(A) Semantic memory\n(B) Knowledge about memory\n(C) Long-term memory for major events\n(D) All memory components together\n\nAnswer:",
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    "topic": "human_aging",
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    "i": 710,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Jurisprudence.\n\nWhich position does Rawls claim is the least likely to be adopted by the POP (people in the original position)?\n(A) The POP would choose equality above liberty.\n(B) The POP would opt for the 'maximin' strategy.\n(C) The POP would opt for the 'difference principle'.\n(D) The POP would reject the 'system of natural liberty.'\n\nAnswer: A\n\nFunctions of the law include all but which of the following?\n(A) maximizing individual freedom\n(B) providing a basis for compromise\n(C) keeping the peace\n(D) promoting the principles of the free enterprise system\n\nAnswer: D\n\nWhich word best summarizes Weber's explanation of the development of formally rational law?\n(A) Authority.\n(B) Charisma.\n(C) Co-operation.\n(D) Capitalism.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nThe ________ School of jurisprudence postulates that the law is based on what is \"correct.\"\n(A) Natural Law\n(B) Analytical\n(C) Historical\n(D) Sociological\n\nAnswer: A\n\nIverson Jewelers wrote a letter to Miller, 'We have received an exceptionally fine self winding Rolox watch which we will sell to you at a very favorable price.'\n(A) The letter is an offer to sell\n(B) A valid offer cannot be made by letter.\n(C) The letter contains a valid offer which will terminate within a reasonable time.\n(D) The letter lacks one of the essential elements of an offer.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nSoft positivism accepts that the rule of recognition may include moral criteria.' Which proposition below is the most inconsistent with this description?\n(A) Incorporationism' accepts that judges may decide cases by reference to moral factors.'\n(B) A soft positivist rejects the role of morality in the description of law.\n(C) Sometimes the definition of law includes moral considerations.\n(D) Judges lack strong discretion.\n\nAnswer:",
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  },
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    "i": 711,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Jurisprudence.\n\nWhich position does Rawls claim is the least likely to be adopted by the POP (people in the original position)?\n(A) The POP would choose equality above liberty.\n(B) The POP would opt for the 'maximin' strategy.\n(C) The POP would opt for the 'difference principle'.\n(D) The POP would reject the 'system of natural liberty.'\n\nAnswer: A\n\nFunctions of the law include all but which of the following?\n(A) maximizing individual freedom\n(B) providing a basis for compromise\n(C) keeping the peace\n(D) promoting the principles of the free enterprise system\n\nAnswer: D\n\nWhich word best summarizes Weber's explanation of the development of formally rational law?\n(A) Authority.\n(B) Charisma.\n(C) Co-operation.\n(D) Capitalism.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nThe ________ School of jurisprudence postulates that the law is based on what is \"correct.\"\n(A) Natural Law\n(B) Analytical\n(C) Historical\n(D) Sociological\n\nAnswer: A\n\nIverson Jewelers wrote a letter to Miller, 'We have received an exceptionally fine self winding Rolox watch which we will sell to you at a very favorable price.'\n(A) The letter is an offer to sell\n(B) A valid offer cannot be made by letter.\n(C) The letter contains a valid offer which will terminate within a reasonable time.\n(D) The letter lacks one of the essential elements of an offer.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nWhy is there an increasing recognition that retribution is a fundamental element of punishment?\n(A) Because rehabilitation of offenders presumes a recognition of the role of vengeance.\n(B) Because the lex talionis is misguided.\n(C) Because other justifications appear to have failed.\n(D) Because revenge is anachronistic.\n\nAnswer:",
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  },
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    "i": 732,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Logical Fallacies.\n\nIf someone attacks the character of an opposing arguer, instead of responding to that opponent's arguments, the first person has probably committed which of the following fallacies?\n(A) tu quoque\n(B) horse laugh\n(C) argument against the person\n(D) ignoratio elenchi\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThe complex question fallacy consists of\n(A) arguing something is inferior just because it doesn't do something it was never intended to do.\n(B) including more than one claim in the proposition and treating proof for one claim as proof for all the claims.\n(C) drawing a conclusion before examining the evidence, and only considering evidence that supports that conclusion.\n(D) asking a question that includes either an unproven assumption or more than one question, thus making a straightforward yes or no answer meaningless.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nWhich of the following is true of a valid categorical syllogism?\n(A) The minor premise must deny the antecedent\n(B) The major premise must affirm the consequent\n(C) The middle term must be used in at least one premise in a universal or unqualified sense\n(D) All of the above\n\nAnswer: C\n\nArguing that what is true of the parts must be true of the whole is the fallacy of...\n(A) Division\n(B) Composition\n(C) Appeal to the person\n(D) Appeal to ignorance\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhen an arguer causes confusion during refutation because of real or feigned lack of an ability to engage in refutation, that arguer may have committed the fallacy of\n(A) poor sportsmanship\n(B) appeal to compassion\n(C) argument against the person\n(D) ignorance of refutation\n\nAnswer: D\n\n\"Anecdotal evidence\" is a fallacy that happens when an arguer\n(A) substitutes individual stories for a larger sample as support for a generalization.\n(B) argues that something is necessarily better because it is old\n(C) argues that since one event preceded a second event, the first event must have caused the second event\n(D) argues that something is necessarily better because it is new\n\nAnswer:",
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  {
    "i": 739,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Machine Learning.\n\nA 6-sided die is rolled 15 times and the results are: side 1 comes up 0 times; side 2: 1 time; side 3: 2 times; side 4: 3 times; side 5: 4 times; side 6: 5 times. Based on these results, what is the probability of side 3 coming up when using Add-1 Smoothing?\n(A) 2.0/15\n(B) 1.0/7\n(C) 3.0/16\n(D) 1.0/5\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhich image data augmentation is most common for natural images?\n(A) random crop and horizontal flip\n(B) random crop and vertical flip\n(C) posterization\n(D) dithering\n\nAnswer: A\n\nYou are reviewing papers for the World’s Fanciest Machine Learning Conference, and you see submissions with the following claims. Which ones would you consider accepting?\n(A) My method achieves a training error lower than all previous methods!\n(B) My method achieves a test error lower than all previous methods! (Footnote: When regularisation parameter λ is chosen so as to minimise test error.)\n(C) My method achieves a test error lower than all previous methods! (Footnote: When regularisation parameter λ is chosen so as to minimise cross-validaton error.)\n(D) My method achieves a cross-validation error lower than all previous methods! (Footnote: When regularisation parameter λ is chosen so as to minimise cross-validaton error.)\n\nAnswer: C\n\nTo achieve an 0/1 loss estimate that is less than 1 percent of the true 0/1 loss (with probability 95%), according to Hoeffding's inequality the IID test set must have how many examples?\n(A) around 10 examples\n(B) around 100 examples\n(C) between 100 and 500 examples\n(D) more than 1000 examples\n\nAnswer: D\n\nTraditionally, when we have a real-valued input attribute during decision-tree learning we consider a binary split according to whether the attribute is above or below some threshold. Pat suggests that instead we should just have a multiway split with one branch for each of the distinct values of the attribute. From the list below choose the single biggest problem with Pat’s suggestion:\n(A) It is too computationally expensive.\n(B) It would probably result in a decision tree that scores badly on the training set and a testset.\n(C) It would probably result in a decision tree that scores well on the training set but badly on a testset.\n(D) It would probably result in a decision tree that scores well on a testset but badly on a training set.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nStatement 1| The L2 penalty in a ridge regression is equivalent to a Laplace prior on the weights. Statement 2| There is at least one set of 4 points in R^3 that can be shattered by the hypothesis set of all 2D planes in R^3.\n(A) True, True\n(B) False, False\n(C) True, False\n(D) False, True\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
      " A",
      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
    ],
    "scores": [
      0.9960934519767761,
      0.9922365546226501,
      0.9936612844467163,
      0.992679238319397
    ],
    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 3,
    "topic": "machine_learning",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 757,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Management.\n\nWhat are the two main dimensions of the Ohio Studies into leadership?\n(A) Starting position and end position\n(B) Initial environment and changed environment\n(C) Organisational structure and conditioning\n(D) Initiating structure and considerations\n\nAnswer: D\n\nHygiene factors are associated with which writer?\n(A) Frederick Hertzberg\n(B) D.C. McClelland\n(C) Abraham Maslow\n(D) Douglas McGregor\n\nAnswer: A\n\nWhich element of the cultural web forms regalia?\n(A) Symbols\n(B) Rituals and routines\n(C) Power structures\n(D) Control systems\n\nAnswer: A\n\nWhat characteristic is not a key feature of the 'open systems' model of management?\n(A) Morale\n(B) Innovation\n(C) Growth resource\n(D) Adaptation\n\nAnswer: A\n\nHow can organisational structures that are characterised by democratic and inclusive styles of management be described?\n(A) Hierarchical\n(B) Bureaucratic\n(C) Flat\n(D) Functional\n\nAnswer: C\n\nAccording to Lewin, Lippet and White's 1939 experiment, which form of leadership produced the most work from participants?\n(A) Laissez-faire\n(B) Democratic\n(C) Authoritarian\n(D) A mix of laissez-faire and democratic\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
      " A",
      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
    ],
    "scores": [
      0.9669157266616821,
      0.986820638179779,
      0.9708818793296814,
      0.9728032350540161
    ],
    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 2,
    "topic": "management",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 784,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Medical Genetics.\n\nLarge triplet repeat expansions can be detected by:\n(A) polymerase chain reaction.\n(B) single strand conformational polymorphism analysis.\n(C) Southern blotting.\n(D) Western blotting.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nDNA ligase is\n(A) an enzyme that joins fragments in normal DNA replication\n(B) an enzyme of bacterial origin which cuts DNA at defined base sequences\n(C) an enzyme that facilitates transcription of specific genes\n(D) an enzyme which limits the level to which a particular nutrient reaches\n\nAnswer: A\n\nA gene showing codominance\n(A) has both alleles independently expressed in the heterozygote\n(B) has one allele dominant to the other\n(C) has alleles tightly linked on the same chromosome\n(D) has alleles expressed at the same time in development\n\nAnswer: A\n\nWhich of the following conditions does not show multifactorial inheritance?\n(A) Pyloric stenosis\n(B) Schizophrenia\n(C) Spina bifida (neural tube defects)\n(D) Marfan syndrome\n\nAnswer: D\n\nThe stage of meiosis in which chromosomes pair and cross over is:\n(A) prophase I\n(B) metaphase I\n(C) prophase II\n(D) metaphase II\n\nAnswer: A\n\nThe allele associated with sickle cell anemia apparently reached a high frequency in some human populations due to:\n(A) random mating\n(B) superior fitness of heterozygotes in areas where malaria was present\n(C) migration of individuals with the allele into other populations\n(D) a high mutation rate at that specific gene\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
      " A",
      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
    ],
    "scores": [
      0.9954708814620972,
      0.9963094592094421,
      0.9952774047851562,
      0.9946704506874084
    ],
    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 1,
    "topic": "medical_genetics",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 787,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Medical Genetics.\n\nLarge triplet repeat expansions can be detected by:\n(A) polymerase chain reaction.\n(B) single strand conformational polymorphism analysis.\n(C) Southern blotting.\n(D) Western blotting.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nDNA ligase is\n(A) an enzyme that joins fragments in normal DNA replication\n(B) an enzyme of bacterial origin which cuts DNA at defined base sequences\n(C) an enzyme that facilitates transcription of specific genes\n(D) an enzyme which limits the level to which a particular nutrient reaches\n\nAnswer: A\n\nA gene showing codominance\n(A) has both alleles independently expressed in the heterozygote\n(B) has one allele dominant to the other\n(C) has alleles tightly linked on the same chromosome\n(D) has alleles expressed at the same time in development\n\nAnswer: A\n\nWhich of the following conditions does not show multifactorial inheritance?\n(A) Pyloric stenosis\n(B) Schizophrenia\n(C) Spina bifida (neural tube defects)\n(D) Marfan syndrome\n\nAnswer: D\n\nThe stage of meiosis in which chromosomes pair and cross over is:\n(A) prophase I\n(B) metaphase I\n(C) prophase II\n(D) metaphase II\n\nAnswer: A\n\nMarfan syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene which encodes _______.\n(A) Collagen\n(B) Dystrophin\n(C) Elastin\n(D) Fibrillin\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
      " A",
      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
    ],
    "scores": [
      0.996455192565918,
      0.9949546456336975,
      0.9957084655761719,
      0.9918672442436218
    ],
    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 3,
    "topic": "medical_genetics",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 829,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Miscellaneous.\n\nHow many axles does a standard automobile have?\n(A) one\n(B) two\n(C) four\n(D) eight\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhat place is named in the title of the 1979 live album by rock legends Cheap Trick?\n(A) Budapest\n(B) Budokan\n(C) Bhutan\n(D) Britain\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWho is the shortest man to ever win an NBA slam dunk competition?\n(A) Anthony 'Spud' Webb\n(B) Michael 'Air' Jordan\n(C) Tyrone 'Muggsy' Bogues\n(D) Julius 'Dr J' Erving\n\nAnswer: A\n\nWhat is produced during photosynthesis?\n(A) hydrogen\n(B) nylon\n(C) oxygen\n(D) light\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhich of these songs was a Top 10 hit for the rock band The Police?\n(A) 'Radio Ga-Ga'\n(B) 'Ob-la-di Ob-la-da'\n(C) 'De Do Do Do De Da Da Da'\n(D) 'In-a-Gadda-Da-Vida'\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhich of the following states that geological processes and natural laws that operate now have operated in the past?\n(A) The evolutionary theory\n(B) The law of superposition\n(C) The law of thermodynamics\n(D) The principle of uniformitarianism\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
      " A",
      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
    ],
    "scores": [
      0.9878068566322327,
      0.9879035353660583,
      0.9857087135314941,
      0.989198625087738
    ],
    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 3,
    "topic": "miscellaneous",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 830,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Miscellaneous.\n\nHow many axles does a standard automobile have?\n(A) one\n(B) two\n(C) four\n(D) eight\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhat place is named in the title of the 1979 live album by rock legends Cheap Trick?\n(A) Budapest\n(B) Budokan\n(C) Bhutan\n(D) Britain\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWho is the shortest man to ever win an NBA slam dunk competition?\n(A) Anthony 'Spud' Webb\n(B) Michael 'Air' Jordan\n(C) Tyrone 'Muggsy' Bogues\n(D) Julius 'Dr J' Erving\n\nAnswer: A\n\nWhat is produced during photosynthesis?\n(A) hydrogen\n(B) nylon\n(C) oxygen\n(D) light\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhich of these songs was a Top 10 hit for the rock band The Police?\n(A) 'Radio Ga-Ga'\n(B) 'Ob-la-di Ob-la-da'\n(C) 'De Do Do Do De Da Da Da'\n(D) 'In-a-Gadda-Da-Vida'\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhich is the hottest planet?\n(A) Venus\n(B) Mercury\n(C) Saturn\n(D) Jupiter\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
      " A",
      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
    ],
    "scores": [
      0.9786767363548279,
      0.9733169674873352,
      0.9752835631370544,
      0.9760197997093201
    ],
    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 0,
    "topic": "miscellaneous",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 835,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Miscellaneous.\n\nHow many axles does a standard automobile have?\n(A) one\n(B) two\n(C) four\n(D) eight\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhat place is named in the title of the 1979 live album by rock legends Cheap Trick?\n(A) Budapest\n(B) Budokan\n(C) Bhutan\n(D) Britain\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWho is the shortest man to ever win an NBA slam dunk competition?\n(A) Anthony 'Spud' Webb\n(B) Michael 'Air' Jordan\n(C) Tyrone 'Muggsy' Bogues\n(D) Julius 'Dr J' Erving\n\nAnswer: A\n\nWhat is produced during photosynthesis?\n(A) hydrogen\n(B) nylon\n(C) oxygen\n(D) light\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhich of these songs was a Top 10 hit for the rock band The Police?\n(A) 'Radio Ga-Ga'\n(B) 'Ob-la-di Ob-la-da'\n(C) 'De Do Do Do De Da Da Da'\n(D) 'In-a-Gadda-Da-Vida'\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThe boy is very quiet. The sentence above is an example of which of the following?\n(A) Simple sentence\n(B) Complex sentence\n(C) Compound sentence\n(D) Compound-complex sentence\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
      " A",
      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
    ],
    "scores": [
      0.9964779019355774,
      0.9963010549545288,
      0.9974127411842346,
      0.9952803254127502
    ],
    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 0,
    "topic": "miscellaneous",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 883,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Moral Disputes.\n\nAccording to Metz, what is wrong with consequentialist arguments against capital punishment based on African values?\n(A) It is unclear as of yet whether or not capital punishment deters harm to the community.\n(B) It is unclear as of yet whether or not capital punishment deters harm to any individuals.\n(C) Consequentialism is not supported by African values.\n(D) Even though consequentialism is supported by African values, no consequentialist arguments framed in terms of African values have been offered.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nA fertilized ovum is also known as\n(A) a zygote.\n(B) an embryo.\n(C) a viability.\n(D) a blastocyst.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nWhich of the following is an intrinsic good, according to Singer?\n(A) being in the upper class\n(B) the ability to learn and solve problems\n(C) being more beautiful than most of the population\n(D) being shorter than average\n\nAnswer: B\n\nPence compares six different cases of reproduction, from natural twinning to SCNT. What conclusion does he draw from this comparison?\n(A) SCNT is not a different kind of reproduction because there are no morally relevant differences between it and other permissible means of reproduction.\n(B) Because there is a low risk of harm for natural twinning, there will be a low risk of harm for SCNT.\n(C) both A and B\n(D) neither A nor B\n\nAnswer: A\n\nBaron admits that the versions of the ticking bomb hypothetical she discusses are \"stunningly stupid,\" but she claims this is actually evidence of\n(A) the stupidity of most traditional philosophical examples.\n(B) a general lack of intelligence among people with advanced degrees.\n(C) the wrongness of torture.\n(D) the readiness on the part of many intelligent people to see torture as the best solution to deal with terrorism.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nLukianoff and Haidt postulate that social media\n(A) has contributed to the rise of vindictive protectiveness.\n(B) has helped to combat the rise of vindictive protectiveness.\n(C) shifted the balance of power between students and professors.\n(D) Both A and C\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
      " A",
      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
    ],
    "scores": [
      0.9646771550178528,
      0.9684972763061523,
      0.9627799987792969,
      0.9340522289276123
    ],
    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 1,
    "topic": "moral_disputes",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 930,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Moral Scenarios.\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I really loved my newborn baby boy. Scenario 2 | The new girl is embarrassed to live in a trailer park, so I invite the class to her house.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: C\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I asked for a cigarette from the guy outside the store. Scenario 2 | When the security guard left his post, I pocketed a rare coin.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: C\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I bought an old pick-up truck for work. Scenario 2 | I looked up at the gorgeous waterfall and threw a rock at it.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: D\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | During the house's demolition, I pushed him into a wall. Scenario 2 | When I choose a babysitter for my twin nieces, I don't care about her racial background.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: B\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I took his wallet after he harassed me at the bar. Scenario 2 | I made love to my newborn baby boy.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: A\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I was upset so I stuck a fork in the toaster. Scenario 2 | I embraced my sister's newly widowed husband to show him I was interested.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
      " A",
      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
    ],
    "scores": [
      0.9340962171554565,
      0.7367434501647949,
      0.9291151165962219,
      0.9709435105323792
    ],
    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 0,
    "topic": "moral_scenarios",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 936,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Moral Scenarios.\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I really loved my newborn baby boy. Scenario 2 | The new girl is embarrassed to live in a trailer park, so I invite the class to her house.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: C\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I asked for a cigarette from the guy outside the store. Scenario 2 | When the security guard left his post, I pocketed a rare coin.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: C\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I bought an old pick-up truck for work. Scenario 2 | I looked up at the gorgeous waterfall and threw a rock at it.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: D\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | During the house's demolition, I pushed him into a wall. Scenario 2 | When I choose a babysitter for my twin nieces, I don't care about her racial background.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: B\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I took his wallet after he harassed me at the bar. Scenario 2 | I made love to my newborn baby boy.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: A\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I cut my neighbor's yard for them. Scenario 2 | There were signs saying not to wear sunscreen in the hot springs but I did it anyway.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
      " A",
      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
    ],
    "scores": [
      0.9028853178024292,
      0.7240150570869446,
      0.9244414567947388,
      0.9632452130317688
    ],
    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 2,
    "topic": "moral_scenarios",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 951,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Moral Scenarios.\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I really loved my newborn baby boy. Scenario 2 | The new girl is embarrassed to live in a trailer park, so I invite the class to her house.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: C\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I asked for a cigarette from the guy outside the store. Scenario 2 | When the security guard left his post, I pocketed a rare coin.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: C\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I bought an old pick-up truck for work. Scenario 2 | I looked up at the gorgeous waterfall and threw a rock at it.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: D\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | During the house's demolition, I pushed him into a wall. Scenario 2 | When I choose a babysitter for my twin nieces, I don't care about her racial background.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: B\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I took his wallet after he harassed me at the bar. Scenario 2 | I made love to my newborn baby boy.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: A\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I knew my overweight teacher was dieting, so I offered her a small yogurt. Scenario 2 | I warned everybody about a fire when I saw smoke coming out of the corner of the room\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
      " A",
      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
    ],
    "scores": [
      0.7729924321174622,
      0.6633135676383972,
      0.8392660021781921,
      0.9425989985466003
    ],
    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 3,
    "topic": "moral_scenarios",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 957,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Moral Scenarios.\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I really loved my newborn baby boy. Scenario 2 | The new girl is embarrassed to live in a trailer park, so I invite the class to her house.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: C\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I asked for a cigarette from the guy outside the store. Scenario 2 | When the security guard left his post, I pocketed a rare coin.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: C\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I bought an old pick-up truck for work. Scenario 2 | I looked up at the gorgeous waterfall and threw a rock at it.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: D\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | During the house's demolition, I pushed him into a wall. Scenario 2 | When I choose a babysitter for my twin nieces, I don't care about her racial background.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: B\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I took his wallet after he harassed me at the bar. Scenario 2 | I made love to my newborn baby boy.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: A\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I sprayed my cat's fur with oil paint. Scenario 2 | I ripped a page out of a notebook to write a message on.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
      " A",
      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
    ],
    "scores": [
      0.9632920026779175,
      0.8788416981697083,
      0.9428759813308716,
      0.9687486886978149
    ],
    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 1,
    "topic": "moral_scenarios",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 978,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Moral Scenarios.\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I really loved my newborn baby boy. Scenario 2 | The new girl is embarrassed to live in a trailer park, so I invite the class to her house.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: C\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I asked for a cigarette from the guy outside the store. Scenario 2 | When the security guard left his post, I pocketed a rare coin.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: C\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I bought an old pick-up truck for work. Scenario 2 | I looked up at the gorgeous waterfall and threw a rock at it.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: D\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | During the house's demolition, I pushed him into a wall. Scenario 2 | When I choose a babysitter for my twin nieces, I don't care about her racial background.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: B\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I took his wallet after he harassed me at the bar. Scenario 2 | I made love to my newborn baby boy.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: A\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | Last night during dinner at my favorite restaurant, I bent a knee and proposed to my sister. Scenario 2 | I saw my peer spray paint a buildling and joined in when I was invited since this was a commissioned mural.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
      " A",
      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
    ],
    "scores": [
      0.735978901386261,
      0.44210004806518555,
      0.769243061542511,
      0.9239782094955444
    ],
    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 1,
    "topic": "moral_scenarios",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 996,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Moral Scenarios.\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I really loved my newborn baby boy. Scenario 2 | The new girl is embarrassed to live in a trailer park, so I invite the class to her house.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: C\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I asked for a cigarette from the guy outside the store. Scenario 2 | When the security guard left his post, I pocketed a rare coin.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: C\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I bought an old pick-up truck for work. Scenario 2 | I looked up at the gorgeous waterfall and threw a rock at it.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: D\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | During the house's demolition, I pushed him into a wall. Scenario 2 | When I choose a babysitter for my twin nieces, I don't care about her racial background.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: B\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I took his wallet after he harassed me at the bar. Scenario 2 | I made love to my newborn baby boy.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: A\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I tickled my wife in a private moment. Scenario 2 | I saw the famous Elton John using a urinal in a public restroom and took a picture of him without asking him.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
      " A",
      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
    ],
    "scores": [
      0.7269732356071472,
      0.5463045239448547,
      0.8207332491874695,
      0.9218631386756897
    ],
    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 2,
    "topic": "moral_scenarios",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 1002,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Moral Scenarios.\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I really loved my newborn baby boy. Scenario 2 | The new girl is embarrassed to live in a trailer park, so I invite the class to her house.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: C\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I asked for a cigarette from the guy outside the store. Scenario 2 | When the security guard left his post, I pocketed a rare coin.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: C\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I bought an old pick-up truck for work. Scenario 2 | I looked up at the gorgeous waterfall and threw a rock at it.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: D\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | During the house's demolition, I pushed him into a wall. Scenario 2 | When I choose a babysitter for my twin nieces, I don't care about her racial background.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: B\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I took his wallet after he harassed me at the bar. Scenario 2 | I made love to my newborn baby boy.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer: A\n\nFor which of these two scenarios does the main character (who uses I/me/my) do something clearly morally wrong, according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? according to ordinary moral standards in the US as of 2020? Scenario 1 | I wrote a petition for the governor to resign after he misused the city's money for his own personal use. Scenario 2 | I hurt myself when I slipped in the shower.\n(A) Wrong, Wrong\n(B) Wrong, Not wrong\n(C) Not wrong, Wrong\n(D) Not wrong, Not wrong\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
      " A",
      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
    ],
    "scores": [
      0.9050871133804321,
      0.8871062397956848,
      0.8819905519485474,
      0.9496403336524963
    ],
    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 3,
    "topic": "moral_scenarios",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 1049,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Nutrition.\n\nIn a cohort study, the risk ratio of developing diabetes was 0.86 when comparing consumers of tea (the exposed) to those who did not drink tea (the unexposed). Which one statement is correct (according to knowledge in 2020)?\n(A) The tea drinkers have lower risk of developing diabetes.\n(B) The tea drinkers have higher risk of developing diabetes.\n(C) Based on the information given we cannot tell if the observed difference in disease risk is the result of chance.\n(D) The risk ratio is close to the value one, so there is no difference in disease risk between the two groups.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhich of the following statements is correct (according to knowledge in 2020)?\n(A) Consumers with phenylketonuria must avoid the consumption of the sweetener aspartame\n(B) Consumers with phenylketonuria must avoid the consumption of the sweetener saccharin\n(C) Consumers with phenylketonuria must avoid the consumption of the sweetener sucralose\n(D) Consumers with phenylketonuria must avoid the consumption of the sweetener acesulfame K\n\nAnswer: A\n\nWhich of the following is the most plausible explanation for the protective effect of dietary fibre against cancer of the colon, as of 2020?\n(A) Propionic acid, formed during colonic fibre fermentation inhibits liver fatty acid synthesis\n(B) Butyric acid, formed during colonic fibre fermentation stimulates \"silencing\" of the SLC5A8 tumour suppressor gene\n(C) None of these options are correct\n(D) Butyric acid, formed during colonic fibre fermentation stimulates anti-oxidant defences in the colon\n\nAnswer: D\n\nWhich of the following statements about iodine is correct, as of 2020?\n(A) 50% of adults consume iodine at levels below the RNI\n(B) Dairy products are a poor source of iodine\n(C) The iodine content of organic milk is generally lower that the level in non-organic milk\n(D) UK dietary reference values recommend an increase in iodine intake in pregnancy\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhat is the first-line drug for patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity, as of 2020?\n(A) Acarbose\n(B) Metformin\n(C) Sulphonylureas\n(D) Insulin\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhat is the difference between LCD and VLCD?\n(A) VLCD provides less energy than LCD and usually does not include natural foods\n(B) LCD provides less energy than LCD and usually does not include natural foods\n(C) LCD provides less energy than VLCD and usually includes natural foods\n(D) VLCD provides less energy than LCD and usually includes natural foods\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
      " A",
      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
    ],
    "scores": [
      0.845502495765686,
      0.7429643273353577,
      0.7483348250389099,
      0.7079191207885742
    ],
    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 0,
    "topic": "nutrition",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 1059,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Philosophy.\n\nPsychological egoism is:\n(A) an ethical theory about how we ought to behave.\n(B) a generalization concerning the way people tend to behave.\n(C) a claim about human nature and the ways people are capable of behaving.\n(D) none of the above.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nAccording to Moore’s “ideal utilitarianism,” the right action is the one that brings about the greatest amount of:\n(A) pleasure.\n(B) happiness.\n(C) good.\n(D) virtue.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nAccording to d'Holbach, people always act according to _____.\n(A) free choices\n(B) dictates of the soul\n(C) necessary natural laws\n(D) undetermined will\n\nAnswer: C\n\nBefore Tolstoy's Christian conversion, what was his perspective on the meaning of life?\n(A) optimist\n(B) satisfied\n(C) nominally religious\n(D) pessimist\n\nAnswer: D\n\nThe study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as _____.\n(A) metaphysics\n(B) epistemology\n(C) quantum physics\n(D) axiology\n\nAnswer: A\n\nEpictetus claims that the most important part of philosophy deals with:\n(A) which principles of action are correct.\n(B) the explanation for why certain principles of action are correct.\n(C) the explanation of why certain demonstrations are valid.\n(D) none of the above.\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
      " A",
      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
    ],
    "scores": [
      0.9941321015357971,
      0.995628833770752,
      0.994135856628418,
      0.9950845837593079
    ],
    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 0,
    "topic": "philosophy",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 1081,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Philosophy.\n\nPsychological egoism is:\n(A) an ethical theory about how we ought to behave.\n(B) a generalization concerning the way people tend to behave.\n(C) a claim about human nature and the ways people are capable of behaving.\n(D) none of the above.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nAccording to Moore’s “ideal utilitarianism,” the right action is the one that brings about the greatest amount of:\n(A) pleasure.\n(B) happiness.\n(C) good.\n(D) virtue.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nAccording to d'Holbach, people always act according to _____.\n(A) free choices\n(B) dictates of the soul\n(C) necessary natural laws\n(D) undetermined will\n\nAnswer: C\n\nBefore Tolstoy's Christian conversion, what was his perspective on the meaning of life?\n(A) optimist\n(B) satisfied\n(C) nominally religious\n(D) pessimist\n\nAnswer: D\n\nThe study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as _____.\n(A) metaphysics\n(B) epistemology\n(C) quantum physics\n(D) axiology\n\nAnswer: A\n\nAccording to Hobbes, in the state of nature, notions of right and wrong or justice and injustice _____.\n(A) have no place\n(B) refer to objective standards\n(C) still apply to the actions of men\n(D) serve as guiding ideals\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
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    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 0,
    "topic": "philosophy",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 1096,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Prehistory.\n\nThe great Mayan king Pacal built temples in the city of Palenque in order to:\n(A) satisfy the powerful Mayan astronomer priests.\n(B) display his generosity to the common people, since they were allowed to live in the temples.\n(C) frighten away enemies, in particular the Spaniards.\n(D) legitimize his kingship, since his father was not royal.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nAccording to Timothy Pauketat, the evidence for social stratification and political power at Cahokia suggests:\n(A) a center of Mississippian civilization with conditions similar to the rise of early states.\n(B) the limitations of authority in a Native American society of egalitarian foragers.\n(C) a simple chiefdom or perhaps a complex chiefdom had evolved by A.D. 1500.\n(D) a center of Mississippian civilization with conditions similar to societies on the Northwest Coast of North America.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nResearchers now believe that the decline of the Maya was caused chiefly by:\n(A) a cataclysm of some kind, such as an earthquake, volcano, or tsunami.\n(B) ecological degradation resulting from slash-and-burn farming techniques.\n(C) endless wars between neighboring Mayan city-states.\n(D) practices of interbreeding that led to a steep rise in congenital disorders.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nRecent research on hominid species dating from the Middle Pliocene indicates there was (as of 2020):\n(A) a great amount of species diversity, or a single species that exhibited a lot of diversity.\n(B) very little species diversity during this period and very few hominids.\n(C) decreased species diversity due to a prolonged ice age followed by a severe drought.\n(D) decreased species diversity but increased numbers of hammerstones and flakes, indicating stone tool manufacture.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nWhat is the approximate mean cranial capacity of Homo erectus?\n(A) under 650 cc\n(B) about 800 cc\n(C) just under 1000 cc\n(D) 1200 cc\n\nAnswer: C\n\nAgriculture allows for complexity because:\n(A) people end up consuming more protein.\n(B) children begin working and contributing at an earlier age.\n(C) it only takes a few people to feed many, therefore freeing up enormous labor potential.\n(D) vegetables contain vitamins not available in meat or fish.\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
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      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
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    "scores": [
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    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 2,
    "topic": "prehistory",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 1102,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Prehistory.\n\nThe great Mayan king Pacal built temples in the city of Palenque in order to:\n(A) satisfy the powerful Mayan astronomer priests.\n(B) display his generosity to the common people, since they were allowed to live in the temples.\n(C) frighten away enemies, in particular the Spaniards.\n(D) legitimize his kingship, since his father was not royal.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nAccording to Timothy Pauketat, the evidence for social stratification and political power at Cahokia suggests:\n(A) a center of Mississippian civilization with conditions similar to the rise of early states.\n(B) the limitations of authority in a Native American society of egalitarian foragers.\n(C) a simple chiefdom or perhaps a complex chiefdom had evolved by A.D. 1500.\n(D) a center of Mississippian civilization with conditions similar to societies on the Northwest Coast of North America.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nResearchers now believe that the decline of the Maya was caused chiefly by:\n(A) a cataclysm of some kind, such as an earthquake, volcano, or tsunami.\n(B) ecological degradation resulting from slash-and-burn farming techniques.\n(C) endless wars between neighboring Mayan city-states.\n(D) practices of interbreeding that led to a steep rise in congenital disorders.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nRecent research on hominid species dating from the Middle Pliocene indicates there was (as of 2020):\n(A) a great amount of species diversity, or a single species that exhibited a lot of diversity.\n(B) very little species diversity during this period and very few hominids.\n(C) decreased species diversity due to a prolonged ice age followed by a severe drought.\n(D) decreased species diversity but increased numbers of hammerstones and flakes, indicating stone tool manufacture.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nWhat is the approximate mean cranial capacity of Homo erectus?\n(A) under 650 cc\n(B) about 800 cc\n(C) just under 1000 cc\n(D) 1200 cc\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThe ridge of bone that runs along the top of the skull in Australopithecus robustus is called a:\n(A) diastema.\n(B) cranium.\n(C) maxilla.\n(D) sagittal crest.\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
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      " C",
      " D"
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    "scores": [
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    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 3,
    "topic": "prehistory",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 1130,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Professional Accounting.\n\nBox a nongovernmental not-for-profit organization had the following transactions during the year: Proceeds from sale of investments $80000 Purchase of property plant and equipment $10000 Proceeds from long-term debt $100000 Loss on sale of investment $5000 What amount should be reported as net cash provided by financing activities in Box's statement of cash flows?\n(A) $70,000\n(B) $75,000\n(C) $80,000\n(D) 100000\n\nAnswer: D\n\nOne hundred years ago, your great-great-grandmother invested $100 at 5% yearly interest. What is the investment worth today?\n(A) $13,000\n(B) $600\n(C) $15,000\n(D) $28,000\n\nAnswer: A\n\nKrete is an unmarried taxpayer with income exclusively from wages. By December 31, year 1, Krete's employer has withheld $16,000 in federal income taxes and Krete has made no estimated tax payments. On April 15, year 2, Krete timely filed for an extension request to file her individual tax return, and paid $300 of additional taxes. Krete's year 1 tax liability was $16,500 when she timely filed her return on April 30, year 2, and paid the remaining tax liability balance. What amount would be subject to the penalty for underpayment of estimated taxes?\n(A) $0\n(B) $500\n(C) $1,650\n(D) $16,500\n\nAnswer: A\n\nOn January 1, year 1, Alpha Co. signed an annual maintenance agreement with a software provider for $15,000 and the maintenance period begins on March 1, year 2. Alpha also incurred $5,000 of costs on January 1, year 1, related to software modification requests that will increase the functionality of the software. Alpha depreciates and amortizes its computer and software assets over five years using the straight-line method. What amount is the total expense that Alpha should recognize related to the maintenance agreement and the software modifications for the year ended December 31, year 1?\n(A) $5,000\n(B) $13,500\n(C) $16,000\n(D) $20,000\n\nAnswer: B\n\nAn auditor traces the serial numbers on equipment to a nonissuer’s subledger. Which of the following management assertions is supported by this test?\n(A) Valuation and allocation\n(B) Completeness\n(C) Rights and obligations\n(D) Presentation and disclosure\n\nAnswer: B\n\nA company has a 22% investment in another company that it accounts for using the equity method. Which of the following disclosures should be included in the company’s annual financial statements?\n(A) The names and ownership percentages of the other stockholders in the investee company.\n(B) The reason for the company’s decision to invest in the investee company.\n(C) The company’s accounting policy for the investment.\n(D) Whether the investee company is involved in any litigation.\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
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      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
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    "scores": [
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    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 2,
    "topic": "professional_accounting",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 1132,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Professional Accounting.\n\nBox a nongovernmental not-for-profit organization had the following transactions during the year: Proceeds from sale of investments $80000 Purchase of property plant and equipment $10000 Proceeds from long-term debt $100000 Loss on sale of investment $5000 What amount should be reported as net cash provided by financing activities in Box's statement of cash flows?\n(A) $70,000\n(B) $75,000\n(C) $80,000\n(D) 100000\n\nAnswer: D\n\nOne hundred years ago, your great-great-grandmother invested $100 at 5% yearly interest. What is the investment worth today?\n(A) $13,000\n(B) $600\n(C) $15,000\n(D) $28,000\n\nAnswer: A\n\nKrete is an unmarried taxpayer with income exclusively from wages. By December 31, year 1, Krete's employer has withheld $16,000 in federal income taxes and Krete has made no estimated tax payments. On April 15, year 2, Krete timely filed for an extension request to file her individual tax return, and paid $300 of additional taxes. Krete's year 1 tax liability was $16,500 when she timely filed her return on April 30, year 2, and paid the remaining tax liability balance. What amount would be subject to the penalty for underpayment of estimated taxes?\n(A) $0\n(B) $500\n(C) $1,650\n(D) $16,500\n\nAnswer: A\n\nOn January 1, year 1, Alpha Co. signed an annual maintenance agreement with a software provider for $15,000 and the maintenance period begins on March 1, year 2. Alpha also incurred $5,000 of costs on January 1, year 1, related to software modification requests that will increase the functionality of the software. Alpha depreciates and amortizes its computer and software assets over five years using the straight-line method. What amount is the total expense that Alpha should recognize related to the maintenance agreement and the software modifications for the year ended December 31, year 1?\n(A) $5,000\n(B) $13,500\n(C) $16,000\n(D) $20,000\n\nAnswer: B\n\nAn auditor traces the serial numbers on equipment to a nonissuer’s subledger. Which of the following management assertions is supported by this test?\n(A) Valuation and allocation\n(B) Completeness\n(C) Rights and obligations\n(D) Presentation and disclosure\n\nAnswer: B\n\nA company headquartered in the United States has operations in 27 countries. The company purchased a subsidiary to expand operations into another country last year. According to COSO, which of the following provides the strongest mechanism for monitoring control in this new foreign venture?\n(A) An internal audit is being performed.\n(B) Ethics and fraud training is being conducted.\n(C) An accounting and control manual is being distributed.\n(D) Management has oversight over litigation and foreign regulation.\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
      " A",
      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
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    "scores": [
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    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 0,
    "topic": "professional_accounting",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 1142,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Professional Accounting.\n\nBox a nongovernmental not-for-profit organization had the following transactions during the year: Proceeds from sale of investments $80000 Purchase of property plant and equipment $10000 Proceeds from long-term debt $100000 Loss on sale of investment $5000 What amount should be reported as net cash provided by financing activities in Box's statement of cash flows?\n(A) $70,000\n(B) $75,000\n(C) $80,000\n(D) 100000\n\nAnswer: D\n\nOne hundred years ago, your great-great-grandmother invested $100 at 5% yearly interest. What is the investment worth today?\n(A) $13,000\n(B) $600\n(C) $15,000\n(D) $28,000\n\nAnswer: A\n\nKrete is an unmarried taxpayer with income exclusively from wages. By December 31, year 1, Krete's employer has withheld $16,000 in federal income taxes and Krete has made no estimated tax payments. On April 15, year 2, Krete timely filed for an extension request to file her individual tax return, and paid $300 of additional taxes. Krete's year 1 tax liability was $16,500 when she timely filed her return on April 30, year 2, and paid the remaining tax liability balance. What amount would be subject to the penalty for underpayment of estimated taxes?\n(A) $0\n(B) $500\n(C) $1,650\n(D) $16,500\n\nAnswer: A\n\nOn January 1, year 1, Alpha Co. signed an annual maintenance agreement with a software provider for $15,000 and the maintenance period begins on March 1, year 2. Alpha also incurred $5,000 of costs on January 1, year 1, related to software modification requests that will increase the functionality of the software. Alpha depreciates and amortizes its computer and software assets over five years using the straight-line method. What amount is the total expense that Alpha should recognize related to the maintenance agreement and the software modifications for the year ended December 31, year 1?\n(A) $5,000\n(B) $13,500\n(C) $16,000\n(D) $20,000\n\nAnswer: B\n\nAn auditor traces the serial numbers on equipment to a nonissuer’s subledger. Which of the following management assertions is supported by this test?\n(A) Valuation and allocation\n(B) Completeness\n(C) Rights and obligations\n(D) Presentation and disclosure\n\nAnswer: B\n\nHow should a nongovernmental not-for-profit organization classify gains and losses on investments purchased with permanently restricted assets?\n(A) Gains may not be netted against losses in the statement of activities.\n(B) Gains and losses can only be reported net of expenses in the statement of activities.\n(C) Unless explicitly restricted by donor or law, gains and losses should be reported in the statement of activities as increases or decreases in unrestricted net assets.\n(D) Unless explicitly restricted by donor or law, gains and losses should be reported in the statement of activities as increases or decreases in permanently restricted net assets.\n\nAnswer:",
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      " C",
      " D"
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    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 2,
    "topic": "professional_accounting",
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  },
  {
    "i": 1203,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Professional Law.\n\nA state legislature has recently enacted a statute making it a misdemeanor to curse or revile or use obscene or opprobrious language toward or in reference to a police officer perfonning his duties. A student at a state university organized a demonstration on campus to protest the war. The rally was attended by a group of 50 students who shouted anti-war messages at cars passing by. To show his contempt for the United States, the student sewed the American flag to the rear of his jeans. When a police officer saw the flag sown on the student's jeans, he approached and told him to remove the flag or he would be placed under arrest. The student became angered and shouted at the police officer, \"Listen, you bastard, I'll wear this rag anywhere I please. \" The student was subsequently placed under arrest and charged with violating the state statute. The student subsequently brings suit in state court challenging the constitutionality of the statute. The strongest constitutional argument for the student is that\n(A) the statute is void for vagueness under the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause.\n(B) the statute is invalid because it violates the petitioner's freedom of speech under the First Amendment.\n(C) the statute is an abridgment of freedom of speech under the First Amendment because less restrictive means are available for achieving the same purpose.\n(D) the statute is overbroad and consequently invalid under the First and FourteenthAmendments.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA state has recently enacted a statute prohibiting the disposal of any nuclear wastes within the state. This law does not contravene or conflict with any federal statutes. A man operates a company in the state that is engaged in the disposal of nuclear wastes. Subsequent to the passage of the state statute, the man, not yet aware of the new law, entered into contracts with many out-of-state firms to dispose of their nuclear wastes in the state. On account of this new law, however, the man will be unable to perform these contracts. Assume that the man has standing to challenge this state law. Which of the following presents his strongest constitutional grounds to challenge the state law prohibiting the disposal of nuclear wastes within the state?\n(A) The commerce clause.\n(B) The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.\n(C) The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV, Section 2.\n(D) The contract clause.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nJudge took judicial notice of some facts at the beginning of the trial. Which of the following is not an appropriate kind of fact for judicial notice?\n(A) Indisputable facts.\n(B) Facts that have been asserted by individual political organizations.\n(C) Facts recognized to be true by common knowledge.\n(D) Facts capable of scientific verification.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nOn October 1, 1980, a developer, owner of several hundred acres in a rural county, drafted a general development plan for the area. The duly recorded plan imposed elaborate limitations and restrictions upon the land in the plan, which was to be developed as a residential district. The restrictions were to extend to all persons acquiring any of the lots and to their heirs, assigns, and lessees. It was further provided that all subsequent owners would be charged with due notice of the restrictions. Among those restrictions in the general plan were the following:(22) A franchise right is created in a strip of land 10 feet in width along the rear of each lot for the use of public utility companies with right of ingress and egress. (23) No house or structure of any kind shall be built on the aforementioned strip of land running through the said blocks. In 2000, a retiree purchased one of the lots, built a house, and erected a fence in the rear of his property within the restricted area. In 2004, a teacher purchased a lot adjacent to the retiree's property and built a new house. Two years later, a librarian purchased the lot that adjoined the teacher's property. The three deeds to those properties each contained references to the deed book where the general plan was recorded. In 2008, the librarian began the construction of a seven-foot post-and-rail fence along the line dividing his lot with the teacher's, and along the center of the area subject to the franchise right. Although the teacher objected to its construction, the fence was completed. If the teacher seeks a mandatory injunction to compel removal of the librarian's fence, the court will most likely\n(A) grant relief, because the fence was in violation of the easement restriction.\n(B) grant relief, because the encroachment of the fence violated the restriction in the original plan.\n(C) deny relief, because the teacher failed to enforce the restriction against the retiree.\n(D) deny relief, because the fence would not be construed as \"a structure\" within the terms of the restriction.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nA son owed a creditor $5,000. The son's father contacted the creditor and told him that he wanted to pay the son's debt. The father signed a document that stated the father would pay the son's debt at a rate of $500 a month for 10 months. The creditor made no written or oral commitment to forbear to sue the son to collect the $5,000 debt, and the father made no oral or written request for any such forbearance. For the next five months, the father made and the creditor accepted the $500 monthly payments as agreed. During that period, the creditor, in fact, did forbear to take any legal action against the son. However, the father then informed the creditor that he would make no further payments on the debt. Which of the following is the most persuasive argument that the father is liable to the creditor under the terms of their agreement?\n(A) The father's promise and the creditor's reliance thereon, if proved, gave rise to a valid claim by the creditor against the father based on the doctrine of promissory estoppel.\n(B) Because it was foreseeable that the father's promise would induce the creditor to forbear taking any action against the son, such forbearance was, as a matter of law, a bargained-for consideration for the father's promise.\n(C) The father's five payments to the creditor totaling $2,500 manifested a serious intent on the father's part to be contractually bound, and such manifestation is generally recognized as an effective substitute for consideration.\n(D) By assuming the antecedent debt obligation that the son owed to the creditor, the father became a surety whose promise to the creditor was enforceable, since it was in writing and supported by adequate consideration.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nA veterinarian was the owner of 1,500 acres of undeveloped timberland. The land in question had never been occupied, fenced, or cleared except that for 24 years, a mining company, one mile from the property, regularly drove trucks over a cleared path pursuant to an agreement with the veterinarian. The agreement, which was duly recorded, provided that \"the parties expressly agree and the veterinarian promises that the veterinarian and his successors shall refrain from obstructing the said described pathway across the veterinarian's land, which the mining company and its successors may perpetually use as a road, in consideration of which the mining company and its successors will pay the sum of $700 per annum. \"The provision in the agreement between the veterinarian and the mining company granting \"the use of the pathway\" to the mining company may best be described as a (an)\n(A) license.\n(B) easement appurtenant.\n(C) easement in gross.\n(D) prescriptive easement.\n\nAnswer:",
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  },
  {
    "i": 1216,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Professional Law.\n\nA state legislature has recently enacted a statute making it a misdemeanor to curse or revile or use obscene or opprobrious language toward or in reference to a police officer perfonning his duties. A student at a state university organized a demonstration on campus to protest the war. The rally was attended by a group of 50 students who shouted anti-war messages at cars passing by. To show his contempt for the United States, the student sewed the American flag to the rear of his jeans. When a police officer saw the flag sown on the student's jeans, he approached and told him to remove the flag or he would be placed under arrest. The student became angered and shouted at the police officer, \"Listen, you bastard, I'll wear this rag anywhere I please. \" The student was subsequently placed under arrest and charged with violating the state statute. The student subsequently brings suit in state court challenging the constitutionality of the statute. The strongest constitutional argument for the student is that\n(A) the statute is void for vagueness under the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause.\n(B) the statute is invalid because it violates the petitioner's freedom of speech under the First Amendment.\n(C) the statute is an abridgment of freedom of speech under the First Amendment because less restrictive means are available for achieving the same purpose.\n(D) the statute is overbroad and consequently invalid under the First and FourteenthAmendments.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA state has recently enacted a statute prohibiting the disposal of any nuclear wastes within the state. This law does not contravene or conflict with any federal statutes. A man operates a company in the state that is engaged in the disposal of nuclear wastes. Subsequent to the passage of the state statute, the man, not yet aware of the new law, entered into contracts with many out-of-state firms to dispose of their nuclear wastes in the state. On account of this new law, however, the man will be unable to perform these contracts. Assume that the man has standing to challenge this state law. Which of the following presents his strongest constitutional grounds to challenge the state law prohibiting the disposal of nuclear wastes within the state?\n(A) The commerce clause.\n(B) The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.\n(C) The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV, Section 2.\n(D) The contract clause.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nJudge took judicial notice of some facts at the beginning of the trial. Which of the following is not an appropriate kind of fact for judicial notice?\n(A) Indisputable facts.\n(B) Facts that have been asserted by individual political organizations.\n(C) Facts recognized to be true by common knowledge.\n(D) Facts capable of scientific verification.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nOn October 1, 1980, a developer, owner of several hundred acres in a rural county, drafted a general development plan for the area. The duly recorded plan imposed elaborate limitations and restrictions upon the land in the plan, which was to be developed as a residential district. The restrictions were to extend to all persons acquiring any of the lots and to their heirs, assigns, and lessees. It was further provided that all subsequent owners would be charged with due notice of the restrictions. Among those restrictions in the general plan were the following:(22) A franchise right is created in a strip of land 10 feet in width along the rear of each lot for the use of public utility companies with right of ingress and egress. (23) No house or structure of any kind shall be built on the aforementioned strip of land running through the said blocks. In 2000, a retiree purchased one of the lots, built a house, and erected a fence in the rear of his property within the restricted area. In 2004, a teacher purchased a lot adjacent to the retiree's property and built a new house. Two years later, a librarian purchased the lot that adjoined the teacher's property. The three deeds to those properties each contained references to the deed book where the general plan was recorded. In 2008, the librarian began the construction of a seven-foot post-and-rail fence along the line dividing his lot with the teacher's, and along the center of the area subject to the franchise right. Although the teacher objected to its construction, the fence was completed. If the teacher seeks a mandatory injunction to compel removal of the librarian's fence, the court will most likely\n(A) grant relief, because the fence was in violation of the easement restriction.\n(B) grant relief, because the encroachment of the fence violated the restriction in the original plan.\n(C) deny relief, because the teacher failed to enforce the restriction against the retiree.\n(D) deny relief, because the fence would not be construed as \"a structure\" within the terms of the restriction.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nA son owed a creditor $5,000. The son's father contacted the creditor and told him that he wanted to pay the son's debt. The father signed a document that stated the father would pay the son's debt at a rate of $500 a month for 10 months. The creditor made no written or oral commitment to forbear to sue the son to collect the $5,000 debt, and the father made no oral or written request for any such forbearance. For the next five months, the father made and the creditor accepted the $500 monthly payments as agreed. During that period, the creditor, in fact, did forbear to take any legal action against the son. However, the father then informed the creditor that he would make no further payments on the debt. Which of the following is the most persuasive argument that the father is liable to the creditor under the terms of their agreement?\n(A) The father's promise and the creditor's reliance thereon, if proved, gave rise to a valid claim by the creditor against the father based on the doctrine of promissory estoppel.\n(B) Because it was foreseeable that the father's promise would induce the creditor to forbear taking any action against the son, such forbearance was, as a matter of law, a bargained-for consideration for the father's promise.\n(C) The father's five payments to the creditor totaling $2,500 manifested a serious intent on the father's part to be contractually bound, and such manifestation is generally recognized as an effective substitute for consideration.\n(D) By assuming the antecedent debt obligation that the son owed to the creditor, the father became a surety whose promise to the creditor was enforceable, since it was in writing and supported by adequate consideration.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nA financial analyst was selling illegal drugs as a second income. He met with a reputed drug dealer in a public park and purchased $10,000 worth of pills that were represented to be Oxycodone. They turned out to be worthless sugar pills. In a rage, the analyst hired a thug to beat up the drug dealer and try and get his money back. The thug did try to beat the drug dealer, who turned out to be an federal undercover officer, who had the thug arrested. The financial analyst did not at any time know that the purported drug dealer was a federal drug enforcement officer. Can the financial analyst be convicted of criminal conspiracy (18 U. S. C. Â§ 371) to commit an assault upon a federal officer (18 U. S. C. Â§ 111) under federal law?\n(A) Yes, the defendant does not have to know that the victim of an assault is a federal officer.\n(B) Yes, 18 U. S. C. Â§ 111 is a strict liability offense to which there are no defenses.\n(C) No, the defendant must have knowledge that the intended victim is a federal officer to be convicted under 18 U. S. C. Â§ 111.\n(D) No, the officer sold fake drugs to the defendant, which is a defense to 18 U. S. C. Â§ 111.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "i": 1233,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Professional Law.\n\nA state legislature has recently enacted a statute making it a misdemeanor to curse or revile or use obscene or opprobrious language toward or in reference to a police officer perfonning his duties. A student at a state university organized a demonstration on campus to protest the war. The rally was attended by a group of 50 students who shouted anti-war messages at cars passing by. To show his contempt for the United States, the student sewed the American flag to the rear of his jeans. When a police officer saw the flag sown on the student's jeans, he approached and told him to remove the flag or he would be placed under arrest. The student became angered and shouted at the police officer, \"Listen, you bastard, I'll wear this rag anywhere I please. \" The student was subsequently placed under arrest and charged with violating the state statute. The student subsequently brings suit in state court challenging the constitutionality of the statute. The strongest constitutional argument for the student is that\n(A) the statute is void for vagueness under the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause.\n(B) the statute is invalid because it violates the petitioner's freedom of speech under the First Amendment.\n(C) the statute is an abridgment of freedom of speech under the First Amendment because less restrictive means are available for achieving the same purpose.\n(D) the statute is overbroad and consequently invalid under the First and FourteenthAmendments.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA state has recently enacted a statute prohibiting the disposal of any nuclear wastes within the state. This law does not contravene or conflict with any federal statutes. A man operates a company in the state that is engaged in the disposal of nuclear wastes. Subsequent to the passage of the state statute, the man, not yet aware of the new law, entered into contracts with many out-of-state firms to dispose of their nuclear wastes in the state. On account of this new law, however, the man will be unable to perform these contracts. Assume that the man has standing to challenge this state law. Which of the following presents his strongest constitutional grounds to challenge the state law prohibiting the disposal of nuclear wastes within the state?\n(A) The commerce clause.\n(B) The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.\n(C) The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV, Section 2.\n(D) The contract clause.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nJudge took judicial notice of some facts at the beginning of the trial. Which of the following is not an appropriate kind of fact for judicial notice?\n(A) Indisputable facts.\n(B) Facts that have been asserted by individual political organizations.\n(C) Facts recognized to be true by common knowledge.\n(D) Facts capable of scientific verification.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nOn October 1, 1980, a developer, owner of several hundred acres in a rural county, drafted a general development plan for the area. The duly recorded plan imposed elaborate limitations and restrictions upon the land in the plan, which was to be developed as a residential district. The restrictions were to extend to all persons acquiring any of the lots and to their heirs, assigns, and lessees. It was further provided that all subsequent owners would be charged with due notice of the restrictions. Among those restrictions in the general plan were the following:(22) A franchise right is created in a strip of land 10 feet in width along the rear of each lot for the use of public utility companies with right of ingress and egress. (23) No house or structure of any kind shall be built on the aforementioned strip of land running through the said blocks. In 2000, a retiree purchased one of the lots, built a house, and erected a fence in the rear of his property within the restricted area. In 2004, a teacher purchased a lot adjacent to the retiree's property and built a new house. Two years later, a librarian purchased the lot that adjoined the teacher's property. The three deeds to those properties each contained references to the deed book where the general plan was recorded. In 2008, the librarian began the construction of a seven-foot post-and-rail fence along the line dividing his lot with the teacher's, and along the center of the area subject to the franchise right. Although the teacher objected to its construction, the fence was completed. If the teacher seeks a mandatory injunction to compel removal of the librarian's fence, the court will most likely\n(A) grant relief, because the fence was in violation of the easement restriction.\n(B) grant relief, because the encroachment of the fence violated the restriction in the original plan.\n(C) deny relief, because the teacher failed to enforce the restriction against the retiree.\n(D) deny relief, because the fence would not be construed as \"a structure\" within the terms of the restriction.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nA son owed a creditor $5,000. The son's father contacted the creditor and told him that he wanted to pay the son's debt. The father signed a document that stated the father would pay the son's debt at a rate of $500 a month for 10 months. The creditor made no written or oral commitment to forbear to sue the son to collect the $5,000 debt, and the father made no oral or written request for any such forbearance. For the next five months, the father made and the creditor accepted the $500 monthly payments as agreed. During that period, the creditor, in fact, did forbear to take any legal action against the son. However, the father then informed the creditor that he would make no further payments on the debt. Which of the following is the most persuasive argument that the father is liable to the creditor under the terms of their agreement?\n(A) The father's promise and the creditor's reliance thereon, if proved, gave rise to a valid claim by the creditor against the father based on the doctrine of promissory estoppel.\n(B) Because it was foreseeable that the father's promise would induce the creditor to forbear taking any action against the son, such forbearance was, as a matter of law, a bargained-for consideration for the father's promise.\n(C) The father's five payments to the creditor totaling $2,500 manifested a serious intent on the father's part to be contractually bound, and such manifestation is generally recognized as an effective substitute for consideration.\n(D) By assuming the antecedent debt obligation that the son owed to the creditor, the father became a surety whose promise to the creditor was enforceable, since it was in writing and supported by adequate consideration.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nA sportsman was the owner of an old dilapidated stadium, which was located on the outskirts of the city. The stadium, which was built in 1932, had been the home stadium for the local professional baseball team for 30 years. However, in 1962, the baseball team franchise moved to another city. Since 1962, the stadium was left unattended and had deteriorated to such an extent that the walls were in danger of collapsing. Last month, an earthquake struck the city. The earthquake, which registered 6. 9 on the Richter scale, caused considerable damage in the city and caused the stadium to collapse. As the stadium crumbled to the ground, a large section of the press box fell on top of a car that was parked nearby. The auto was crushed, causing its gas tank to rupture. As a result, a large quantity of gasoline spilled along the street and flowed downhill. The gasoline collected in front of a homeowner's home, which was located about a mile from the stadium. Two hours after the earthquake struck, a pedestrian was walking in front of the homeowner's home, smoking a cigarette. When he discarded his lighted cigarette butt in the street, the gasoline exploded. The explosion blew the windows out of the homeowner's home. The homeowner, who was sitting in the living room watching television, was struck by the flying glass and injured. If the homeowner asserts a claim for his injuries against the sportsman, which of the following is the sportsman's best defense?\n(A) The earthquake was an act of God.\n(B) The sportsman's negligence, if any, merely created a passive condition and was not the activecause of the homeowner's injury.\n(C) The sportsman could not reasonably have beenexpected to foresee injury to a person in thehomeowner's position.\n(D) The pedestrian's act of discarding the lightedcigarette in the street, which sparked the explosion, was the proximate cause of the homeowner's injury.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "i": 1264,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Professional Law.\n\nA state legislature has recently enacted a statute making it a misdemeanor to curse or revile or use obscene or opprobrious language toward or in reference to a police officer perfonning his duties. A student at a state university organized a demonstration on campus to protest the war. The rally was attended by a group of 50 students who shouted anti-war messages at cars passing by. To show his contempt for the United States, the student sewed the American flag to the rear of his jeans. When a police officer saw the flag sown on the student's jeans, he approached and told him to remove the flag or he would be placed under arrest. The student became angered and shouted at the police officer, \"Listen, you bastard, I'll wear this rag anywhere I please. \" The student was subsequently placed under arrest and charged with violating the state statute. The student subsequently brings suit in state court challenging the constitutionality of the statute. The strongest constitutional argument for the student is that\n(A) the statute is void for vagueness under the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause.\n(B) the statute is invalid because it violates the petitioner's freedom of speech under the First Amendment.\n(C) the statute is an abridgment of freedom of speech under the First Amendment because less restrictive means are available for achieving the same purpose.\n(D) the statute is overbroad and consequently invalid under the First and FourteenthAmendments.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA state has recently enacted a statute prohibiting the disposal of any nuclear wastes within the state. This law does not contravene or conflict with any federal statutes. A man operates a company in the state that is engaged in the disposal of nuclear wastes. Subsequent to the passage of the state statute, the man, not yet aware of the new law, entered into contracts with many out-of-state firms to dispose of their nuclear wastes in the state. On account of this new law, however, the man will be unable to perform these contracts. Assume that the man has standing to challenge this state law. Which of the following presents his strongest constitutional grounds to challenge the state law prohibiting the disposal of nuclear wastes within the state?\n(A) The commerce clause.\n(B) The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.\n(C) The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV, Section 2.\n(D) The contract clause.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nJudge took judicial notice of some facts at the beginning of the trial. Which of the following is not an appropriate kind of fact for judicial notice?\n(A) Indisputable facts.\n(B) Facts that have been asserted by individual political organizations.\n(C) Facts recognized to be true by common knowledge.\n(D) Facts capable of scientific verification.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nOn October 1, 1980, a developer, owner of several hundred acres in a rural county, drafted a general development plan for the area. The duly recorded plan imposed elaborate limitations and restrictions upon the land in the plan, which was to be developed as a residential district. The restrictions were to extend to all persons acquiring any of the lots and to their heirs, assigns, and lessees. It was further provided that all subsequent owners would be charged with due notice of the restrictions. Among those restrictions in the general plan were the following:(22) A franchise right is created in a strip of land 10 feet in width along the rear of each lot for the use of public utility companies with right of ingress and egress. (23) No house or structure of any kind shall be built on the aforementioned strip of land running through the said blocks. In 2000, a retiree purchased one of the lots, built a house, and erected a fence in the rear of his property within the restricted area. In 2004, a teacher purchased a lot adjacent to the retiree's property and built a new house. Two years later, a librarian purchased the lot that adjoined the teacher's property. The three deeds to those properties each contained references to the deed book where the general plan was recorded. In 2008, the librarian began the construction of a seven-foot post-and-rail fence along the line dividing his lot with the teacher's, and along the center of the area subject to the franchise right. Although the teacher objected to its construction, the fence was completed. If the teacher seeks a mandatory injunction to compel removal of the librarian's fence, the court will most likely\n(A) grant relief, because the fence was in violation of the easement restriction.\n(B) grant relief, because the encroachment of the fence violated the restriction in the original plan.\n(C) deny relief, because the teacher failed to enforce the restriction against the retiree.\n(D) deny relief, because the fence would not be construed as \"a structure\" within the terms of the restriction.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nA son owed a creditor $5,000. The son's father contacted the creditor and told him that he wanted to pay the son's debt. The father signed a document that stated the father would pay the son's debt at a rate of $500 a month for 10 months. The creditor made no written or oral commitment to forbear to sue the son to collect the $5,000 debt, and the father made no oral or written request for any such forbearance. For the next five months, the father made and the creditor accepted the $500 monthly payments as agreed. During that period, the creditor, in fact, did forbear to take any legal action against the son. However, the father then informed the creditor that he would make no further payments on the debt. Which of the following is the most persuasive argument that the father is liable to the creditor under the terms of their agreement?\n(A) The father's promise and the creditor's reliance thereon, if proved, gave rise to a valid claim by the creditor against the father based on the doctrine of promissory estoppel.\n(B) Because it was foreseeable that the father's promise would induce the creditor to forbear taking any action against the son, such forbearance was, as a matter of law, a bargained-for consideration for the father's promise.\n(C) The father's five payments to the creditor totaling $2,500 manifested a serious intent on the father's part to be contractually bound, and such manifestation is generally recognized as an effective substitute for consideration.\n(D) By assuming the antecedent debt obligation that the son owed to the creditor, the father became a surety whose promise to the creditor was enforceable, since it was in writing and supported by adequate consideration.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nA defendant in an automobile accident case is being sued by the estate of the driver of the other car. At trial, the defendant calls an eyewitness to the collision. The eyewitness testifies that after the crash, he immediately ran to the other driver's car to try to render assistance. The eyewitness observed the other driver covered with blood from the top of his head down to his toes. He was moaning, gasping, and crying out, \"I did not see the other car coming!\" The other driver died 10 minutes later. The estate's attorney objects to the eyewitness's testimony. The trial judge should rule that his testimony is\n(A) admissible as a declaration against interest.\n(B) admissible as a dying declaration.\n(C) inadmissible as hearsay not within any recognized exception.\n(D) inadmissible, because this testimony cannot be admitted in civil cases.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "i": 1284,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Professional Law.\n\nA state legislature has recently enacted a statute making it a misdemeanor to curse or revile or use obscene or opprobrious language toward or in reference to a police officer perfonning his duties. A student at a state university organized a demonstration on campus to protest the war. The rally was attended by a group of 50 students who shouted anti-war messages at cars passing by. To show his contempt for the United States, the student sewed the American flag to the rear of his jeans. When a police officer saw the flag sown on the student's jeans, he approached and told him to remove the flag or he would be placed under arrest. The student became angered and shouted at the police officer, \"Listen, you bastard, I'll wear this rag anywhere I please. \" The student was subsequently placed under arrest and charged with violating the state statute. The student subsequently brings suit in state court challenging the constitutionality of the statute. The strongest constitutional argument for the student is that\n(A) the statute is void for vagueness under the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause.\n(B) the statute is invalid because it violates the petitioner's freedom of speech under the First Amendment.\n(C) the statute is an abridgment of freedom of speech under the First Amendment because less restrictive means are available for achieving the same purpose.\n(D) the statute is overbroad and consequently invalid under the First and FourteenthAmendments.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA state has recently enacted a statute prohibiting the disposal of any nuclear wastes within the state. This law does not contravene or conflict with any federal statutes. A man operates a company in the state that is engaged in the disposal of nuclear wastes. Subsequent to the passage of the state statute, the man, not yet aware of the new law, entered into contracts with many out-of-state firms to dispose of their nuclear wastes in the state. On account of this new law, however, the man will be unable to perform these contracts. Assume that the man has standing to challenge this state law. Which of the following presents his strongest constitutional grounds to challenge the state law prohibiting the disposal of nuclear wastes within the state?\n(A) The commerce clause.\n(B) The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.\n(C) The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV, Section 2.\n(D) The contract clause.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nJudge took judicial notice of some facts at the beginning of the trial. Which of the following is not an appropriate kind of fact for judicial notice?\n(A) Indisputable facts.\n(B) Facts that have been asserted by individual political organizations.\n(C) Facts recognized to be true by common knowledge.\n(D) Facts capable of scientific verification.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nOn October 1, 1980, a developer, owner of several hundred acres in a rural county, drafted a general development plan for the area. The duly recorded plan imposed elaborate limitations and restrictions upon the land in the plan, which was to be developed as a residential district. The restrictions were to extend to all persons acquiring any of the lots and to their heirs, assigns, and lessees. It was further provided that all subsequent owners would be charged with due notice of the restrictions. Among those restrictions in the general plan were the following:(22) A franchise right is created in a strip of land 10 feet in width along the rear of each lot for the use of public utility companies with right of ingress and egress. (23) No house or structure of any kind shall be built on the aforementioned strip of land running through the said blocks. In 2000, a retiree purchased one of the lots, built a house, and erected a fence in the rear of his property within the restricted area. In 2004, a teacher purchased a lot adjacent to the retiree's property and built a new house. Two years later, a librarian purchased the lot that adjoined the teacher's property. The three deeds to those properties each contained references to the deed book where the general plan was recorded. In 2008, the librarian began the construction of a seven-foot post-and-rail fence along the line dividing his lot with the teacher's, and along the center of the area subject to the franchise right. Although the teacher objected to its construction, the fence was completed. If the teacher seeks a mandatory injunction to compel removal of the librarian's fence, the court will most likely\n(A) grant relief, because the fence was in violation of the easement restriction.\n(B) grant relief, because the encroachment of the fence violated the restriction in the original plan.\n(C) deny relief, because the teacher failed to enforce the restriction against the retiree.\n(D) deny relief, because the fence would not be construed as \"a structure\" within the terms of the restriction.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nA son owed a creditor $5,000. The son's father contacted the creditor and told him that he wanted to pay the son's debt. The father signed a document that stated the father would pay the son's debt at a rate of $500 a month for 10 months. The creditor made no written or oral commitment to forbear to sue the son to collect the $5,000 debt, and the father made no oral or written request for any such forbearance. For the next five months, the father made and the creditor accepted the $500 monthly payments as agreed. During that period, the creditor, in fact, did forbear to take any legal action against the son. However, the father then informed the creditor that he would make no further payments on the debt. Which of the following is the most persuasive argument that the father is liable to the creditor under the terms of their agreement?\n(A) The father's promise and the creditor's reliance thereon, if proved, gave rise to a valid claim by the creditor against the father based on the doctrine of promissory estoppel.\n(B) Because it was foreseeable that the father's promise would induce the creditor to forbear taking any action against the son, such forbearance was, as a matter of law, a bargained-for consideration for the father's promise.\n(C) The father's five payments to the creditor totaling $2,500 manifested a serious intent on the father's part to be contractually bound, and such manifestation is generally recognized as an effective substitute for consideration.\n(D) By assuming the antecedent debt obligation that the son owed to the creditor, the father became a surety whose promise to the creditor was enforceable, since it was in writing and supported by adequate consideration.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nWhile driving her company vehicle near a pedestrian mall, a woman came upon the scene of a three-car accident. She was so busy gawking at the damaged vehicles that she failed to see one of the victims lying on the road in front of her car. She hit and ran over the victim, who survived and sued the woman's company. The victim offers the testimony of a witness to the incident. Referring to the woman, the witness stated, \"The driver of that car ran over the victim as he was lying on the ground awaiting an ambulance, and said  It is all my fault, I should have been paying more attention to my driving. \" Assume for this question that the woman is available to testify. The trial judge should rule that the testimony is\n(A) admissible as a declaration against interest.\n(B) admissible as a present sense impression.\n(C) admissible as an admission.\n(D) inadmissible as hearsay not within any recognized exception.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "i": 1294,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Professional Law.\n\nA state legislature has recently enacted a statute making it a misdemeanor to curse or revile or use obscene or opprobrious language toward or in reference to a police officer perfonning his duties. A student at a state university organized a demonstration on campus to protest the war. The rally was attended by a group of 50 students who shouted anti-war messages at cars passing by. To show his contempt for the United States, the student sewed the American flag to the rear of his jeans. When a police officer saw the flag sown on the student's jeans, he approached and told him to remove the flag or he would be placed under arrest. The student became angered and shouted at the police officer, \"Listen, you bastard, I'll wear this rag anywhere I please. \" The student was subsequently placed under arrest and charged with violating the state statute. The student subsequently brings suit in state court challenging the constitutionality of the statute. The strongest constitutional argument for the student is that\n(A) the statute is void for vagueness under the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause.\n(B) the statute is invalid because it violates the petitioner's freedom of speech under the First Amendment.\n(C) the statute is an abridgment of freedom of speech under the First Amendment because less restrictive means are available for achieving the same purpose.\n(D) the statute is overbroad and consequently invalid under the First and FourteenthAmendments.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA state has recently enacted a statute prohibiting the disposal of any nuclear wastes within the state. This law does not contravene or conflict with any federal statutes. A man operates a company in the state that is engaged in the disposal of nuclear wastes. Subsequent to the passage of the state statute, the man, not yet aware of the new law, entered into contracts with many out-of-state firms to dispose of their nuclear wastes in the state. On account of this new law, however, the man will be unable to perform these contracts. Assume that the man has standing to challenge this state law. Which of the following presents his strongest constitutional grounds to challenge the state law prohibiting the disposal of nuclear wastes within the state?\n(A) The commerce clause.\n(B) The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.\n(C) The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV, Section 2.\n(D) The contract clause.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nJudge took judicial notice of some facts at the beginning of the trial. Which of the following is not an appropriate kind of fact for judicial notice?\n(A) Indisputable facts.\n(B) Facts that have been asserted by individual political organizations.\n(C) Facts recognized to be true by common knowledge.\n(D) Facts capable of scientific verification.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nOn October 1, 1980, a developer, owner of several hundred acres in a rural county, drafted a general development plan for the area. The duly recorded plan imposed elaborate limitations and restrictions upon the land in the plan, which was to be developed as a residential district. The restrictions were to extend to all persons acquiring any of the lots and to their heirs, assigns, and lessees. It was further provided that all subsequent owners would be charged with due notice of the restrictions. Among those restrictions in the general plan were the following:(22) A franchise right is created in a strip of land 10 feet in width along the rear of each lot for the use of public utility companies with right of ingress and egress. (23) No house or structure of any kind shall be built on the aforementioned strip of land running through the said blocks. In 2000, a retiree purchased one of the lots, built a house, and erected a fence in the rear of his property within the restricted area. In 2004, a teacher purchased a lot adjacent to the retiree's property and built a new house. Two years later, a librarian purchased the lot that adjoined the teacher's property. The three deeds to those properties each contained references to the deed book where the general plan was recorded. In 2008, the librarian began the construction of a seven-foot post-and-rail fence along the line dividing his lot with the teacher's, and along the center of the area subject to the franchise right. Although the teacher objected to its construction, the fence was completed. If the teacher seeks a mandatory injunction to compel removal of the librarian's fence, the court will most likely\n(A) grant relief, because the fence was in violation of the easement restriction.\n(B) grant relief, because the encroachment of the fence violated the restriction in the original plan.\n(C) deny relief, because the teacher failed to enforce the restriction against the retiree.\n(D) deny relief, because the fence would not be construed as \"a structure\" within the terms of the restriction.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nA son owed a creditor $5,000. The son's father contacted the creditor and told him that he wanted to pay the son's debt. The father signed a document that stated the father would pay the son's debt at a rate of $500 a month for 10 months. The creditor made no written or oral commitment to forbear to sue the son to collect the $5,000 debt, and the father made no oral or written request for any such forbearance. For the next five months, the father made and the creditor accepted the $500 monthly payments as agreed. During that period, the creditor, in fact, did forbear to take any legal action against the son. However, the father then informed the creditor that he would make no further payments on the debt. Which of the following is the most persuasive argument that the father is liable to the creditor under the terms of their agreement?\n(A) The father's promise and the creditor's reliance thereon, if proved, gave rise to a valid claim by the creditor against the father based on the doctrine of promissory estoppel.\n(B) Because it was foreseeable that the father's promise would induce the creditor to forbear taking any action against the son, such forbearance was, as a matter of law, a bargained-for consideration for the father's promise.\n(C) The father's five payments to the creditor totaling $2,500 manifested a serious intent on the father's part to be contractually bound, and such manifestation is generally recognized as an effective substitute for consideration.\n(D) By assuming the antecedent debt obligation that the son owed to the creditor, the father became a surety whose promise to the creditor was enforceable, since it was in writing and supported by adequate consideration.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nIn January, while he was driving on the street, a defendant lost control of his car, hitting and killing a small child. The child's parents sued the defendant for causing the wrongful death of their child. At trial, the parents' attorney calls a bystander to testify that the defendant's car was traveling well over the 25 m. p. h. speed limit on that street. Upon objection by the defendant's attorney, the trial judge would rule the bystander's testimony\n(A) admissible, because the bystander's opinion is based on his own perception.\n(B) admissible, as a declaration of existing state of mind.\n(C) inadmissible, as hearsay not within any of the exceptions.\n(D) inadmissible, because a lay witness is not qualified to testify about the speed of a vehicle.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "i": 1298,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Professional Law.\n\nA state legislature has recently enacted a statute making it a misdemeanor to curse or revile or use obscene or opprobrious language toward or in reference to a police officer perfonning his duties. A student at a state university organized a demonstration on campus to protest the war. The rally was attended by a group of 50 students who shouted anti-war messages at cars passing by. To show his contempt for the United States, the student sewed the American flag to the rear of his jeans. When a police officer saw the flag sown on the student's jeans, he approached and told him to remove the flag or he would be placed under arrest. The student became angered and shouted at the police officer, \"Listen, you bastard, I'll wear this rag anywhere I please. \" The student was subsequently placed under arrest and charged with violating the state statute. The student subsequently brings suit in state court challenging the constitutionality of the statute. The strongest constitutional argument for the student is that\n(A) the statute is void for vagueness under the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause.\n(B) the statute is invalid because it violates the petitioner's freedom of speech under the First Amendment.\n(C) the statute is an abridgment of freedom of speech under the First Amendment because less restrictive means are available for achieving the same purpose.\n(D) the statute is overbroad and consequently invalid under the First and FourteenthAmendments.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA state has recently enacted a statute prohibiting the disposal of any nuclear wastes within the state. This law does not contravene or conflict with any federal statutes. A man operates a company in the state that is engaged in the disposal of nuclear wastes. Subsequent to the passage of the state statute, the man, not yet aware of the new law, entered into contracts with many out-of-state firms to dispose of their nuclear wastes in the state. On account of this new law, however, the man will be unable to perform these contracts. Assume that the man has standing to challenge this state law. Which of the following presents his strongest constitutional grounds to challenge the state law prohibiting the disposal of nuclear wastes within the state?\n(A) The commerce clause.\n(B) The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.\n(C) The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV, Section 2.\n(D) The contract clause.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nJudge took judicial notice of some facts at the beginning of the trial. Which of the following is not an appropriate kind of fact for judicial notice?\n(A) Indisputable facts.\n(B) Facts that have been asserted by individual political organizations.\n(C) Facts recognized to be true by common knowledge.\n(D) Facts capable of scientific verification.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nOn October 1, 1980, a developer, owner of several hundred acres in a rural county, drafted a general development plan for the area. The duly recorded plan imposed elaborate limitations and restrictions upon the land in the plan, which was to be developed as a residential district. The restrictions were to extend to all persons acquiring any of the lots and to their heirs, assigns, and lessees. It was further provided that all subsequent owners would be charged with due notice of the restrictions. Among those restrictions in the general plan were the following:(22) A franchise right is created in a strip of land 10 feet in width along the rear of each lot for the use of public utility companies with right of ingress and egress. (23) No house or structure of any kind shall be built on the aforementioned strip of land running through the said blocks. In 2000, a retiree purchased one of the lots, built a house, and erected a fence in the rear of his property within the restricted area. In 2004, a teacher purchased a lot adjacent to the retiree's property and built a new house. Two years later, a librarian purchased the lot that adjoined the teacher's property. The three deeds to those properties each contained references to the deed book where the general plan was recorded. In 2008, the librarian began the construction of a seven-foot post-and-rail fence along the line dividing his lot with the teacher's, and along the center of the area subject to the franchise right. Although the teacher objected to its construction, the fence was completed. If the teacher seeks a mandatory injunction to compel removal of the librarian's fence, the court will most likely\n(A) grant relief, because the fence was in violation of the easement restriction.\n(B) grant relief, because the encroachment of the fence violated the restriction in the original plan.\n(C) deny relief, because the teacher failed to enforce the restriction against the retiree.\n(D) deny relief, because the fence would not be construed as \"a structure\" within the terms of the restriction.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nA son owed a creditor $5,000. The son's father contacted the creditor and told him that he wanted to pay the son's debt. The father signed a document that stated the father would pay the son's debt at a rate of $500 a month for 10 months. The creditor made no written or oral commitment to forbear to sue the son to collect the $5,000 debt, and the father made no oral or written request for any such forbearance. For the next five months, the father made and the creditor accepted the $500 monthly payments as agreed. During that period, the creditor, in fact, did forbear to take any legal action against the son. However, the father then informed the creditor that he would make no further payments on the debt. Which of the following is the most persuasive argument that the father is liable to the creditor under the terms of their agreement?\n(A) The father's promise and the creditor's reliance thereon, if proved, gave rise to a valid claim by the creditor against the father based on the doctrine of promissory estoppel.\n(B) Because it was foreseeable that the father's promise would induce the creditor to forbear taking any action against the son, such forbearance was, as a matter of law, a bargained-for consideration for the father's promise.\n(C) The father's five payments to the creditor totaling $2,500 manifested a serious intent on the father's part to be contractually bound, and such manifestation is generally recognized as an effective substitute for consideration.\n(D) By assuming the antecedent debt obligation that the son owed to the creditor, the father became a surety whose promise to the creditor was enforceable, since it was in writing and supported by adequate consideration.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nIn 1963, Smith, the record owner of Winterthur died and in his will he devised Winterthur to \"my son, Samuel, and his heirs, but if Samuel dies without issue to my daughter, Dixie, and her heirs. \" Then Samuel deeded to \"Bailey and his heirs,\" which was executed on July 1, 1973 and recorded on the same date. In 1974, Bailey died and in his will he devised Winterthur to \"my brother Corley for life, then to Corley's heirs. \" In 1983, Corley executed a general warranty deed in which he conveyed \"all my right, title and interest in Winterthur to my children, Jesse and James. \" James died intestate in 1988, leaving his 14-year-old son, Butch, as his only heir. Corley died in 1993, leaving Butch and Jesse as heirs. In 1998, Butch and Jesee conveyed Winterthur by a general warranty deed to \"Barnes and his heirs. \" Although both Butch and Jesse were married, their respective wives did not join in the deed. Barnes has been in continuous possession of the home since 1998. Samuel died on January 1, 2009 without issue, and Dixie is still alive. In March 2009, Dixie, asserting that her title was held free of any claim by Barnes, instituted suit against Barnes to quiet title to Winterthur. Judgment should be for\n(A) Barnes, because his prior recorded deed would be deemed to be outside Dixie's chain of title.\n(B) Barnes, because the devise to Dixie would be violative of the Rule against Perpetuities.\n(C) Dixie, because she acquired fee simple interest at the time of Samuel's death in January 2009.\n(D) Dixie, because she acquired an indefeasible vested remainder under her father's will in1963.\n\nAnswer:",
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    "i": 1326,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Professional Medicine.\n\nA 42-year-old man comes to the office for preoperative evaluation prior to undergoing adrenalectomy scheduled in 2 weeks. One month ago, he received care in the emergency department for pain over his right flank following a motor vehicle collision. At that time, blood pressure was 160/100 mm Hg and CT scan of the abdomen showed an incidental 10-cm left adrenal mass. Results of laboratory studies, including complete blood count, serum electrolyte concentrations, and liver function tests, were within the reference ranges. The patient otherwise had been healthy and had never been told that he had elevated blood pressure. He takes no medications. A follow-up visit in the office 2 weeks ago disclosed elevated urinary normetanephrine and metanephrine and plasma aldosterone concentrations. The patient was referred to a surgeon, who recommended the adrenalectomy. Today, vital signs are temperature 36.6°C (97.9°F), pulse 100/min, respirations 14/min, and blood pressure 170/95 mm Hg. Physical examination discloses no significant findings. Initial preoperative preparation should include treatment with which of the following?\n(A) Labetalol\n(B) A loading dose of potassium chloride\n(C) Nifedipine\n(D) Phenoxybenzamine\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA 36-year-old male presents to the office with a 3-week history of low back pain. He denies any recent trauma but says that he climbs in and out of his truck numerous times a day for his job. Examination of the patient in the prone position reveals a deep sacral sulcus on the left, a posterior inferior lateral angle on the right, and a lumbosacral junction that springs freely on compression. The most likely diagnosis is\n(A) left-on-left sacral torsion\n(B) left-on-right sacral torsion\n(C) right unilateral sacral flexion\n(D) right-on-right sacral torsion\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA previously healthy 32-year-old woman comes to the physician 8 months after her husband was killed in a car crash. Since that time, she has had a decreased appetite and difficulty falling asleep. She states that she is often sad and cries frequently. She has been rechecking the door lock five times before leaving her house and has to count exactly five pieces of toilet paper before she uses it. She says that she has always been a perfectionist but these urges and rituals are new. Pharmacotherapy should be targeted to which of the following neurotransmitters?\n(A) Dopamine\n(B) Glutamate\n(C) Norepinephrine\n(D) Serotonin\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA 44-year-old man comes to the office because of a 3-day history of sore throat, nonproductive cough, runny nose, and frontal headache. He says the headache is worse in the morning and ibuprofen does provide some relief. He has not had shortness of breath. Medical history is unremarkable. He takes no medications other than the ibuprofen for pain. Vital signs are temperature 37.4°C (99.4°F), pulse 88/min, respirations 18/min, and blood pressure 120/84 mm Hg. Examination of the nares shows erythematous mucous membranes. Examination of the throat shows erythema and follicular lymphoid hyperplasia on the posterior oropharynx. There is no palpable cervical adenopathy. Lungs are clear to auscultation. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?\n(A) Allergic rhinitis\n(B) Epstein-Barr virus\n(C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae\n(D) Rhinovirus\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA 22-year-old male marathon runner presents to the office with the complaint of right-sided rib pain when he runs long distances. Physical examination reveals normal heart and lung findings and an exhalation dysfunction at ribs 4-5 on the right. Which of the following muscles or muscle groups will be most useful in correcting this dysfunction utilizing a direct method?\n(A) anterior scalene\n(B) latissimus dorsi\n(C) pectoralis minor\n(D) quadratus lumborum\n\nAnswer: C\n\nA 70-year-old woman comes to the office for an annual health maintenance examination. She describes a 1-year history of slowly progressive fatigue, diffuse muscle aches, and generalized pain. Medical history is significant for osteoporosis diagnosed 5 years ago. Medications include alendronate and calcium supplementation. Vital signs are normal. Physical examination is unremarkable for her age, with no point tenderness on palpation. Results of complete blood count, serum electrolyte and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations, liver function tests, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate are all within the reference ranges. Screening mammography and colonoscopy done 1 year ago disclosed no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in evaluation?\n(A) Electromyography and nerve conduction studies\n(B) MRI of the cervical spine\n(C) Serum antinuclear antibody assay\n(D) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D assay\n\nAnswer:",
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  },
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    "i": 1348,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Professional Medicine.\n\nA 42-year-old man comes to the office for preoperative evaluation prior to undergoing adrenalectomy scheduled in 2 weeks. One month ago, he received care in the emergency department for pain over his right flank following a motor vehicle collision. At that time, blood pressure was 160/100 mm Hg and CT scan of the abdomen showed an incidental 10-cm left adrenal mass. Results of laboratory studies, including complete blood count, serum electrolyte concentrations, and liver function tests, were within the reference ranges. The patient otherwise had been healthy and had never been told that he had elevated blood pressure. He takes no medications. A follow-up visit in the office 2 weeks ago disclosed elevated urinary normetanephrine and metanephrine and plasma aldosterone concentrations. The patient was referred to a surgeon, who recommended the adrenalectomy. Today, vital signs are temperature 36.6°C (97.9°F), pulse 100/min, respirations 14/min, and blood pressure 170/95 mm Hg. Physical examination discloses no significant findings. Initial preoperative preparation should include treatment with which of the following?\n(A) Labetalol\n(B) A loading dose of potassium chloride\n(C) Nifedipine\n(D) Phenoxybenzamine\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA 36-year-old male presents to the office with a 3-week history of low back pain. He denies any recent trauma but says that he climbs in and out of his truck numerous times a day for his job. Examination of the patient in the prone position reveals a deep sacral sulcus on the left, a posterior inferior lateral angle on the right, and a lumbosacral junction that springs freely on compression. The most likely diagnosis is\n(A) left-on-left sacral torsion\n(B) left-on-right sacral torsion\n(C) right unilateral sacral flexion\n(D) right-on-right sacral torsion\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA previously healthy 32-year-old woman comes to the physician 8 months after her husband was killed in a car crash. Since that time, she has had a decreased appetite and difficulty falling asleep. She states that she is often sad and cries frequently. She has been rechecking the door lock five times before leaving her house and has to count exactly five pieces of toilet paper before she uses it. She says that she has always been a perfectionist but these urges and rituals are new. Pharmacotherapy should be targeted to which of the following neurotransmitters?\n(A) Dopamine\n(B) Glutamate\n(C) Norepinephrine\n(D) Serotonin\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA 44-year-old man comes to the office because of a 3-day history of sore throat, nonproductive cough, runny nose, and frontal headache. He says the headache is worse in the morning and ibuprofen does provide some relief. He has not had shortness of breath. Medical history is unremarkable. He takes no medications other than the ibuprofen for pain. Vital signs are temperature 37.4°C (99.4°F), pulse 88/min, respirations 18/min, and blood pressure 120/84 mm Hg. Examination of the nares shows erythematous mucous membranes. Examination of the throat shows erythema and follicular lymphoid hyperplasia on the posterior oropharynx. There is no palpable cervical adenopathy. Lungs are clear to auscultation. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?\n(A) Allergic rhinitis\n(B) Epstein-Barr virus\n(C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae\n(D) Rhinovirus\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA 22-year-old male marathon runner presents to the office with the complaint of right-sided rib pain when he runs long distances. Physical examination reveals normal heart and lung findings and an exhalation dysfunction at ribs 4-5 on the right. Which of the following muscles or muscle groups will be most useful in correcting this dysfunction utilizing a direct method?\n(A) anterior scalene\n(B) latissimus dorsi\n(C) pectoralis minor\n(D) quadratus lumborum\n\nAnswer: C\n\nA 31-year-old woman comes to the office for initial prenatal care. She is 12 weeks pregnant by date of her last menstrual period. This is her fourth pregnancy; she has three healthy children. Her last pregnancy resulted in cesarean delivery because of fetal distress during labor. Her history includes heavy use of alcohol and cigarettes, and multiple sexual partners. In addition to routine prenatal laboratory work-up, the patient consents to an HIV antibody test, which is later reported as positive. At a follow-up visit this patient should be counseled regarding which of the following?\n(A) Amniocentesis is recommended to rule out congenital HIV infection\n(B) Breast-feeding will increase the risk for transmitting HIV to the infant\n(C) Immediate termination of pregnancy will decrease her risk for progression to AIDS\n(D) Repeat cesarean delivery may increase the risk for vertical transmission of HIV\n\nAnswer:",
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  },
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    "i": 1352,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Professional Medicine.\n\nA 42-year-old man comes to the office for preoperative evaluation prior to undergoing adrenalectomy scheduled in 2 weeks. One month ago, he received care in the emergency department for pain over his right flank following a motor vehicle collision. At that time, blood pressure was 160/100 mm Hg and CT scan of the abdomen showed an incidental 10-cm left adrenal mass. Results of laboratory studies, including complete blood count, serum electrolyte concentrations, and liver function tests, were within the reference ranges. The patient otherwise had been healthy and had never been told that he had elevated blood pressure. He takes no medications. A follow-up visit in the office 2 weeks ago disclosed elevated urinary normetanephrine and metanephrine and plasma aldosterone concentrations. The patient was referred to a surgeon, who recommended the adrenalectomy. Today, vital signs are temperature 36.6°C (97.9°F), pulse 100/min, respirations 14/min, and blood pressure 170/95 mm Hg. Physical examination discloses no significant findings. Initial preoperative preparation should include treatment with which of the following?\n(A) Labetalol\n(B) A loading dose of potassium chloride\n(C) Nifedipine\n(D) Phenoxybenzamine\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA 36-year-old male presents to the office with a 3-week history of low back pain. He denies any recent trauma but says that he climbs in and out of his truck numerous times a day for his job. Examination of the patient in the prone position reveals a deep sacral sulcus on the left, a posterior inferior lateral angle on the right, and a lumbosacral junction that springs freely on compression. The most likely diagnosis is\n(A) left-on-left sacral torsion\n(B) left-on-right sacral torsion\n(C) right unilateral sacral flexion\n(D) right-on-right sacral torsion\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA previously healthy 32-year-old woman comes to the physician 8 months after her husband was killed in a car crash. Since that time, she has had a decreased appetite and difficulty falling asleep. She states that she is often sad and cries frequently. She has been rechecking the door lock five times before leaving her house and has to count exactly five pieces of toilet paper before she uses it. She says that she has always been a perfectionist but these urges and rituals are new. Pharmacotherapy should be targeted to which of the following neurotransmitters?\n(A) Dopamine\n(B) Glutamate\n(C) Norepinephrine\n(D) Serotonin\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA 44-year-old man comes to the office because of a 3-day history of sore throat, nonproductive cough, runny nose, and frontal headache. He says the headache is worse in the morning and ibuprofen does provide some relief. He has not had shortness of breath. Medical history is unremarkable. He takes no medications other than the ibuprofen for pain. Vital signs are temperature 37.4°C (99.4°F), pulse 88/min, respirations 18/min, and blood pressure 120/84 mm Hg. Examination of the nares shows erythematous mucous membranes. Examination of the throat shows erythema and follicular lymphoid hyperplasia on the posterior oropharynx. There is no palpable cervical adenopathy. Lungs are clear to auscultation. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?\n(A) Allergic rhinitis\n(B) Epstein-Barr virus\n(C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae\n(D) Rhinovirus\n\nAnswer: D\n\nA 22-year-old male marathon runner presents to the office with the complaint of right-sided rib pain when he runs long distances. Physical examination reveals normal heart and lung findings and an exhalation dysfunction at ribs 4-5 on the right. Which of the following muscles or muscle groups will be most useful in correcting this dysfunction utilizing a direct method?\n(A) anterior scalene\n(B) latissimus dorsi\n(C) pectoralis minor\n(D) quadratus lumborum\n\nAnswer: C\n\nA randomized controlled trial is conducted to assess the risk for development of gastrointestinal adverse effects using azithromycin compared with erythromycin in the treatment of pertussis in children. Of the 100 children with pertussis enrolled, 50 receive azithromycin, and 50 receive erythromycin. Results show vomiting among 5 patients in the azithromycin group, compared with 15 patients in the erythromycin group. Which of the following best represents the absolute risk reduction for vomiting among patients in the azithromycin group?\n(A) 0.1\n(B) 0.2\n(C) 0.33\n(D) 0.67\n\nAnswer:",
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    "i": 1375,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Professional Psychology.\n\nOne of your therapy clients asks your advice about a good weight- reduction program. You have investigated the programs in the community and are enrolled in the one you consider the best. This program offers a $50 bonus to its patrons for each new person they bring into the program. Under these circumstances, your most appropriate response would be to\n(A) tell your client the pros and cons of each program you know about except for the one in which you are enrolled\n(B) recommend to your client the program in which you are enrolled and explain the $50 bonus you will receive\n(C) recommend to your client the program in which you are enrolled and offer to have the $50 bonus credited to your client's account in the program\n(D) tell your client the pros and cons of each program you know about, but do not claim the $50 bonus if your client enrolls in your program\n\nAnswer: D\n\nThere are three ways to measure the Central Tendency: the Mean, the Median and the Mode. From your knowledge about them, what is the mode?\n(A) less sensitive to extreme scores than the mean\n(B) more useful for skewed distributions\n(C) sensitive to extreme values and highly skewed distributions\n(D) the most frequently occurring number\n\nAnswer: D\n\nIn terms of Hofstede’s (1980) five cultural dimensions, the United States scores at the top of the scale on:\n(A) individualism.\n(B) individualism and power distance.\n(C) power distance and masculinity.\n(D) uncertainty avoidance.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nCarl Jung believed that a client's transference:\n(A) is a fantasy that distracts the client from reality.\n(B) represents “mixed feelings” toward the therapist.\n(C) \"is a form of \"\"acting out.\"\"\"\n(D) reflects the client’s personal and collective unconscious.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nIn the construction of a multiple regression equation for purposes of prediction, the optimal combination of measures is one in which the predictors\n(A) are uncorrelated with each other but are moderately correlated with the criterion\n(B) have low correlations with each other and low correlations with the criterion\n(C) are highly intercorrelated with each other and moderately correlated with the criterion\n(D) have low correlations with the criterion bur are moderately correlated with each other\n\nAnswer: A\n\nThe effects of crowding are influenced by a number of factors, including all of the following except ___________.\n(A) Self-esteem\n(B) Age\n(C) Gender\n(D) Culture\n\nAnswer:",
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  {
    "i": 1377,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Professional Psychology.\n\nOne of your therapy clients asks your advice about a good weight- reduction program. You have investigated the programs in the community and are enrolled in the one you consider the best. This program offers a $50 bonus to its patrons for each new person they bring into the program. Under these circumstances, your most appropriate response would be to\n(A) tell your client the pros and cons of each program you know about except for the one in which you are enrolled\n(B) recommend to your client the program in which you are enrolled and explain the $50 bonus you will receive\n(C) recommend to your client the program in which you are enrolled and offer to have the $50 bonus credited to your client's account in the program\n(D) tell your client the pros and cons of each program you know about, but do not claim the $50 bonus if your client enrolls in your program\n\nAnswer: D\n\nThere are three ways to measure the Central Tendency: the Mean, the Median and the Mode. From your knowledge about them, what is the mode?\n(A) less sensitive to extreme scores than the mean\n(B) more useful for skewed distributions\n(C) sensitive to extreme values and highly skewed distributions\n(D) the most frequently occurring number\n\nAnswer: D\n\nIn terms of Hofstede’s (1980) five cultural dimensions, the United States scores at the top of the scale on:\n(A) individualism.\n(B) individualism and power distance.\n(C) power distance and masculinity.\n(D) uncertainty avoidance.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nCarl Jung believed that a client's transference:\n(A) is a fantasy that distracts the client from reality.\n(B) represents “mixed feelings” toward the therapist.\n(C) \"is a form of \"\"acting out.\"\"\"\n(D) reflects the client’s personal and collective unconscious.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nIn the construction of a multiple regression equation for purposes of prediction, the optimal combination of measures is one in which the predictors\n(A) are uncorrelated with each other but are moderately correlated with the criterion\n(B) have low correlations with each other and low correlations with the criterion\n(C) are highly intercorrelated with each other and moderately correlated with the criterion\n(D) have low correlations with the criterion bur are moderately correlated with each other\n\nAnswer: A\n\nThe POST-HOC TESTS FOR THE ANOVA is making pairwise comparisons between means. Which test is the most conservative and provides more protection against Type I errors?\n(A) FACTORIAL ANOVA\n(B) MANOVA\n(C) THE SCHEFFE TEST\n(D) THE SCHIFFER TEST\n\nAnswer:",
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  },
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    "i": 1380,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Professional Psychology.\n\nOne of your therapy clients asks your advice about a good weight- reduction program. You have investigated the programs in the community and are enrolled in the one you consider the best. This program offers a $50 bonus to its patrons for each new person they bring into the program. Under these circumstances, your most appropriate response would be to\n(A) tell your client the pros and cons of each program you know about except for the one in which you are enrolled\n(B) recommend to your client the program in which you are enrolled and explain the $50 bonus you will receive\n(C) recommend to your client the program in which you are enrolled and offer to have the $50 bonus credited to your client's account in the program\n(D) tell your client the pros and cons of each program you know about, but do not claim the $50 bonus if your client enrolls in your program\n\nAnswer: D\n\nThere are three ways to measure the Central Tendency: the Mean, the Median and the Mode. From your knowledge about them, what is the mode?\n(A) less sensitive to extreme scores than the mean\n(B) more useful for skewed distributions\n(C) sensitive to extreme values and highly skewed distributions\n(D) the most frequently occurring number\n\nAnswer: D\n\nIn terms of Hofstede’s (1980) five cultural dimensions, the United States scores at the top of the scale on:\n(A) individualism.\n(B) individualism and power distance.\n(C) power distance and masculinity.\n(D) uncertainty avoidance.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nCarl Jung believed that a client's transference:\n(A) is a fantasy that distracts the client from reality.\n(B) represents “mixed feelings” toward the therapist.\n(C) \"is a form of \"\"acting out.\"\"\"\n(D) reflects the client’s personal and collective unconscious.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nIn the construction of a multiple regression equation for purposes of prediction, the optimal combination of measures is one in which the predictors\n(A) are uncorrelated with each other but are moderately correlated with the criterion\n(B) have low correlations with each other and low correlations with the criterion\n(C) are highly intercorrelated with each other and moderately correlated with the criterion\n(D) have low correlations with the criterion bur are moderately correlated with each other\n\nAnswer: A\n\nThe sex therapy technique of sensate focus is useful primarily to\n(A) reduce the incidence of masturbation\n(B) teach an orgasmic woman to focus on genital sensations\n(C) relieve performance expectations\n(D) retard premature ejaculation\n\nAnswer:",
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    "topic": "professional_psychology",
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  },
  {
    "i": 1404,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Professional Psychology.\n\nOne of your therapy clients asks your advice about a good weight- reduction program. You have investigated the programs in the community and are enrolled in the one you consider the best. This program offers a $50 bonus to its patrons for each new person they bring into the program. Under these circumstances, your most appropriate response would be to\n(A) tell your client the pros and cons of each program you know about except for the one in which you are enrolled\n(B) recommend to your client the program in which you are enrolled and explain the $50 bonus you will receive\n(C) recommend to your client the program in which you are enrolled and offer to have the $50 bonus credited to your client's account in the program\n(D) tell your client the pros and cons of each program you know about, but do not claim the $50 bonus if your client enrolls in your program\n\nAnswer: D\n\nThere are three ways to measure the Central Tendency: the Mean, the Median and the Mode. From your knowledge about them, what is the mode?\n(A) less sensitive to extreme scores than the mean\n(B) more useful for skewed distributions\n(C) sensitive to extreme values and highly skewed distributions\n(D) the most frequently occurring number\n\nAnswer: D\n\nIn terms of Hofstede’s (1980) five cultural dimensions, the United States scores at the top of the scale on:\n(A) individualism.\n(B) individualism and power distance.\n(C) power distance and masculinity.\n(D) uncertainty avoidance.\n\nAnswer: A\n\nCarl Jung believed that a client's transference:\n(A) is a fantasy that distracts the client from reality.\n(B) represents “mixed feelings” toward the therapist.\n(C) \"is a form of \"\"acting out.\"\"\"\n(D) reflects the client’s personal and collective unconscious.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nIn the construction of a multiple regression equation for purposes of prediction, the optimal combination of measures is one in which the predictors\n(A) are uncorrelated with each other but are moderately correlated with the criterion\n(B) have low correlations with each other and low correlations with the criterion\n(C) are highly intercorrelated with each other and moderately correlated with the criterion\n(D) have low correlations with the criterion bur are moderately correlated with each other\n\nAnswer: A\n\nThe Ego Autonomous Functions have adaptive functions. The following statements relate to them. In which of the following situations is The Ego Autonomous Function defined incorrectly:\n(A) The Ego Autonomous Function provides opportunities for re-parenting\n(B) The Ego Autonomous Function is involved in resolution of conflict\n(C) The Ego Autonomous Function is focused on helping clients to build more adaptive defenses\n(D) Pathology occurs when ego loses autonomy from id.\n\nAnswer:",
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  },
  {
    "i": 1437,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Security Studies.\n\nWhat distinguishes coercive diplomacy from military force?\n(A) Compellence is another term for coercive diplomacy, but covering a narrower set of criteria; compellence covers those threats aimed at initiating adversary action. A threat to coerce a state to give up part of its territory would count as coercive diplomacy, as long as that threat proactively initiates action before reactive diplomacy is taken.\n(B) Coercive diplomacy constitutes the threats of limited force to induce adversary's incentive to comply with the coercer's demands. It is an influence strategy that is intended to obtain compliance: the use of force to defeat an opponent first does not count. It leaves an element of choice with the target to comply, or to continue.\n(C) Military force, or the threat of military force, utilises fear to achieve strategic objectives. Coercive diplomacy is differentiated from this approach, because it does not use fear as a tool for coercing an adversary.\n(D) Coercive diplomacy is employed to use force but to limit its effects on the international community. Coercive diplomacy is an aggressive strategy that is intended to obtain compliance through defeat. It does not leave an element of choice with the target, the target either being forced to comply or engage in conflict. It seeks to control by imposing compliance by removing any opportunity for negotiation or concession.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhich of the following is the best lens through which to investigate the role of child soldiers?\n(A) Child soldiers are victims of combat that need re-education and rehabilitation.\n(B) Children and their mothers are not active subjects in warfare and are best considered as subjects in the private sphere.\n(C) Children are most often innocent bystanders in war and are best used as signifiers of peace.\n(D) Children have political subjecthood that is missed when they are considered as passive victims of warfare.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nIn order to become securitized, a threat must be presented in which of these ways?\n(A) As an existential threat that requires immediate and extraordinary action, posing a threat to the survival of the state or to societal security.\n(B) As requiring immediate and extraordinary action by the state, threatening the survival of a referent object and therefore warranting the use of measures not normally employed in the political realm.\n(C) As an urgent threat to the survival of the referent object, so serious that it legitimises the employment of extraordinary action in response.\n(D) As an urgent threat to the survival of the audience that requires extraordinary or emergency measures.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nHow can we best describe the relationship between the state-centric approach and the concept of human security?\n(A) There are such wide divisions within the human security framework regarding the nature of threats and referent objects that no widely applicable comparisons between state-centric approaches and human security can be drawn.\n(B) By adopting the framework of human security, the limitations of the realist state-centric approach become evident. Whilst human security defines the referent object as the person or population, state-centric approaches prioritise the security of the state, de-prioritizing the pursuit of human security.\n(C) The state-centric approach to security is a faction of human security, usually defined within the broad school of human security. By being state-centric this approach prioritises the individual as the referent object in security studies.\n(D) Both the state-centric and human-centric approaches to security are mutually exclusive and offer a sufficient analytic framework with which to understand the international security system. It is therefore the role of security analysts to determine which of these substantial concepts is correct, and which should be discarded.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhat are the frameworks of analysis within which terrorism has been considered (as of 2020)?\n(A) Competition between larger nations has resulted in some countries actively supporting terrorist groups to undermine the strength of rival states. Terrorist networks are extended patronage clubs maintained and paid for by their donor states and are conceptualised as being like state actors, to be dealt with using military force.\n(B) Globalization has enabled the internationalization of terrorist activities by opening up their operational space, although coordination is still managed from a geographical base. This suggests that terrorist groups are nationally structured which means that terrorism cannot be considered in terms of a war to be defeated militarily without having serious implications on the indigenous population.\n(C) Terrorism can be viewed as a problem to be resolved by military means (war on terrorism), by normal police techniques (terrorism as crime), or as a medical problem with underlying causes and symptoms (terrorism as disease).\n(D) Terrorism is viewed as a criminal problem. The criminalization of terrorism has two important implications. Firstly, it suggests that terrorism can be eradicated - terrorists can be caught and brought to trial by normal judicial proceedings thereby removing the threat from society - and secondly, it suggests that preventative crime techniques are applicable to prevent its development.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nIn what ways can the environment be linked to human insecurity?\n(A) Human insecurity is an interchangeable concept with environmental insecurity; environmental change invariably undermines human security because its impact is always 'human' and acts as a constraining or facilitating factor that determines the extent of human development. Environmental change and conditions will therefore be the primary determinant of a person's or community's capacity to adapt to their surroundings.\n(B) The ways in which environmental change can threaten the welfare of the international system is dependent on the extensity of poverty as the key variable determining a population's reactive capability. Environmental change would have a negative impact if resources were available to adapt to environmental change to sustain their existing income levels.\n(C) In terms of the social determinants of insecurity, environmental change does not undermine human security in isolation; larger scale processes affect people's sensitivity to environmental changes and their capacity to adapt, whilst past processes shape present insecurities and ongoing processes shape future insecurities.\n(D) The concept of environmental human security is an essentially contested concept lacking empirical credibility of the ways in which specific environmental changes affect individuals or communities in particular times/ places and how this alters over a period of time. The lack of an agreed definition on what constitutes human security makes the possibility of developing a framework unlikely.\n\nAnswer:",
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  },
  {
    "i": 1438,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Security Studies.\n\nWhat distinguishes coercive diplomacy from military force?\n(A) Compellence is another term for coercive diplomacy, but covering a narrower set of criteria; compellence covers those threats aimed at initiating adversary action. A threat to coerce a state to give up part of its territory would count as coercive diplomacy, as long as that threat proactively initiates action before reactive diplomacy is taken.\n(B) Coercive diplomacy constitutes the threats of limited force to induce adversary's incentive to comply with the coercer's demands. It is an influence strategy that is intended to obtain compliance: the use of force to defeat an opponent first does not count. It leaves an element of choice with the target to comply, or to continue.\n(C) Military force, or the threat of military force, utilises fear to achieve strategic objectives. Coercive diplomacy is differentiated from this approach, because it does not use fear as a tool for coercing an adversary.\n(D) Coercive diplomacy is employed to use force but to limit its effects on the international community. Coercive diplomacy is an aggressive strategy that is intended to obtain compliance through defeat. It does not leave an element of choice with the target, the target either being forced to comply or engage in conflict. It seeks to control by imposing compliance by removing any opportunity for negotiation or concession.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhich of the following is the best lens through which to investigate the role of child soldiers?\n(A) Child soldiers are victims of combat that need re-education and rehabilitation.\n(B) Children and their mothers are not active subjects in warfare and are best considered as subjects in the private sphere.\n(C) Children are most often innocent bystanders in war and are best used as signifiers of peace.\n(D) Children have political subjecthood that is missed when they are considered as passive victims of warfare.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nIn order to become securitized, a threat must be presented in which of these ways?\n(A) As an existential threat that requires immediate and extraordinary action, posing a threat to the survival of the state or to societal security.\n(B) As requiring immediate and extraordinary action by the state, threatening the survival of a referent object and therefore warranting the use of measures not normally employed in the political realm.\n(C) As an urgent threat to the survival of the referent object, so serious that it legitimises the employment of extraordinary action in response.\n(D) As an urgent threat to the survival of the audience that requires extraordinary or emergency measures.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nHow can we best describe the relationship between the state-centric approach and the concept of human security?\n(A) There are such wide divisions within the human security framework regarding the nature of threats and referent objects that no widely applicable comparisons between state-centric approaches and human security can be drawn.\n(B) By adopting the framework of human security, the limitations of the realist state-centric approach become evident. Whilst human security defines the referent object as the person or population, state-centric approaches prioritise the security of the state, de-prioritizing the pursuit of human security.\n(C) The state-centric approach to security is a faction of human security, usually defined within the broad school of human security. By being state-centric this approach prioritises the individual as the referent object in security studies.\n(D) Both the state-centric and human-centric approaches to security are mutually exclusive and offer a sufficient analytic framework with which to understand the international security system. It is therefore the role of security analysts to determine which of these substantial concepts is correct, and which should be discarded.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhat are the frameworks of analysis within which terrorism has been considered (as of 2020)?\n(A) Competition between larger nations has resulted in some countries actively supporting terrorist groups to undermine the strength of rival states. Terrorist networks are extended patronage clubs maintained and paid for by their donor states and are conceptualised as being like state actors, to be dealt with using military force.\n(B) Globalization has enabled the internationalization of terrorist activities by opening up their operational space, although coordination is still managed from a geographical base. This suggests that terrorist groups are nationally structured which means that terrorism cannot be considered in terms of a war to be defeated militarily without having serious implications on the indigenous population.\n(C) Terrorism can be viewed as a problem to be resolved by military means (war on terrorism), by normal police techniques (terrorism as crime), or as a medical problem with underlying causes and symptoms (terrorism as disease).\n(D) Terrorism is viewed as a criminal problem. The criminalization of terrorism has two important implications. Firstly, it suggests that terrorism can be eradicated - terrorists can be caught and brought to trial by normal judicial proceedings thereby removing the threat from society - and secondly, it suggests that preventative crime techniques are applicable to prevent its development.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nAccording to Waltz, how can a state achieve security?\n(A) By ensuring they have the power to protect themselves from attack, power that is gained either through internal or external balancing.\n(B) Through the accumulation of territory and other material resources needed to physically defend themselves.\n(C) By creating an international security environment in which their alliance is fundamentally important to potential aggressors.\n(D) Through a combination of military and economic measures that secure the state's position as the leader in a competitive international system.\n\nAnswer:",
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  },
  {
    "i": 1447,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Security Studies.\n\nWhat distinguishes coercive diplomacy from military force?\n(A) Compellence is another term for coercive diplomacy, but covering a narrower set of criteria; compellence covers those threats aimed at initiating adversary action. A threat to coerce a state to give up part of its territory would count as coercive diplomacy, as long as that threat proactively initiates action before reactive diplomacy is taken.\n(B) Coercive diplomacy constitutes the threats of limited force to induce adversary's incentive to comply with the coercer's demands. It is an influence strategy that is intended to obtain compliance: the use of force to defeat an opponent first does not count. It leaves an element of choice with the target to comply, or to continue.\n(C) Military force, or the threat of military force, utilises fear to achieve strategic objectives. Coercive diplomacy is differentiated from this approach, because it does not use fear as a tool for coercing an adversary.\n(D) Coercive diplomacy is employed to use force but to limit its effects on the international community. Coercive diplomacy is an aggressive strategy that is intended to obtain compliance through defeat. It does not leave an element of choice with the target, the target either being forced to comply or engage in conflict. It seeks to control by imposing compliance by removing any opportunity for negotiation or concession.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhich of the following is the best lens through which to investigate the role of child soldiers?\n(A) Child soldiers are victims of combat that need re-education and rehabilitation.\n(B) Children and their mothers are not active subjects in warfare and are best considered as subjects in the private sphere.\n(C) Children are most often innocent bystanders in war and are best used as signifiers of peace.\n(D) Children have political subjecthood that is missed when they are considered as passive victims of warfare.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nIn order to become securitized, a threat must be presented in which of these ways?\n(A) As an existential threat that requires immediate and extraordinary action, posing a threat to the survival of the state or to societal security.\n(B) As requiring immediate and extraordinary action by the state, threatening the survival of a referent object and therefore warranting the use of measures not normally employed in the political realm.\n(C) As an urgent threat to the survival of the referent object, so serious that it legitimises the employment of extraordinary action in response.\n(D) As an urgent threat to the survival of the audience that requires extraordinary or emergency measures.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nHow can we best describe the relationship between the state-centric approach and the concept of human security?\n(A) There are such wide divisions within the human security framework regarding the nature of threats and referent objects that no widely applicable comparisons between state-centric approaches and human security can be drawn.\n(B) By adopting the framework of human security, the limitations of the realist state-centric approach become evident. Whilst human security defines the referent object as the person or population, state-centric approaches prioritise the security of the state, de-prioritizing the pursuit of human security.\n(C) The state-centric approach to security is a faction of human security, usually defined within the broad school of human security. By being state-centric this approach prioritises the individual as the referent object in security studies.\n(D) Both the state-centric and human-centric approaches to security are mutually exclusive and offer a sufficient analytic framework with which to understand the international security system. It is therefore the role of security analysts to determine which of these substantial concepts is correct, and which should be discarded.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhat are the frameworks of analysis within which terrorism has been considered (as of 2020)?\n(A) Competition between larger nations has resulted in some countries actively supporting terrorist groups to undermine the strength of rival states. Terrorist networks are extended patronage clubs maintained and paid for by their donor states and are conceptualised as being like state actors, to be dealt with using military force.\n(B) Globalization has enabled the internationalization of terrorist activities by opening up their operational space, although coordination is still managed from a geographical base. This suggests that terrorist groups are nationally structured which means that terrorism cannot be considered in terms of a war to be defeated militarily without having serious implications on the indigenous population.\n(C) Terrorism can be viewed as a problem to be resolved by military means (war on terrorism), by normal police techniques (terrorism as crime), or as a medical problem with underlying causes and symptoms (terrorism as disease).\n(D) Terrorism is viewed as a criminal problem. The criminalization of terrorism has two important implications. Firstly, it suggests that terrorism can be eradicated - terrorists can be caught and brought to trial by normal judicial proceedings thereby removing the threat from society - and secondly, it suggests that preventative crime techniques are applicable to prevent its development.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nWhat can social constructivism offer to the discipline of Security Studies?\n(A) The social constructivist perspective has been largely criticised in its failure to be applicable to contemporary conflict situations. The strength of the approach lies in its application to theories of social security.\n(B) Social constructivism supports realist theory and provides ontological clarification for some of the questions raised by the traditionalist approach.\n(C) The social constructivist perspective offers the possibility of moving beyond the logic of anarchy that underpins the realist approach to security studies.\n(D) Security studies is best approached using a social constructivist perspective, as this will aide the formulation of empirically testable theories and reveal truths about the international system for further investigation.\n\nAnswer:",
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  },
  {
    "i": 1456,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Security Studies.\n\nWhat distinguishes coercive diplomacy from military force?\n(A) Compellence is another term for coercive diplomacy, but covering a narrower set of criteria; compellence covers those threats aimed at initiating adversary action. A threat to coerce a state to give up part of its territory would count as coercive diplomacy, as long as that threat proactively initiates action before reactive diplomacy is taken.\n(B) Coercive diplomacy constitutes the threats of limited force to induce adversary's incentive to comply with the coercer's demands. It is an influence strategy that is intended to obtain compliance: the use of force to defeat an opponent first does not count. It leaves an element of choice with the target to comply, or to continue.\n(C) Military force, or the threat of military force, utilises fear to achieve strategic objectives. Coercive diplomacy is differentiated from this approach, because it does not use fear as a tool for coercing an adversary.\n(D) Coercive diplomacy is employed to use force but to limit its effects on the international community. Coercive diplomacy is an aggressive strategy that is intended to obtain compliance through defeat. It does not leave an element of choice with the target, the target either being forced to comply or engage in conflict. It seeks to control by imposing compliance by removing any opportunity for negotiation or concession.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhich of the following is the best lens through which to investigate the role of child soldiers?\n(A) Child soldiers are victims of combat that need re-education and rehabilitation.\n(B) Children and their mothers are not active subjects in warfare and are best considered as subjects in the private sphere.\n(C) Children are most often innocent bystanders in war and are best used as signifiers of peace.\n(D) Children have political subjecthood that is missed when they are considered as passive victims of warfare.\n\nAnswer: D\n\nIn order to become securitized, a threat must be presented in which of these ways?\n(A) As an existential threat that requires immediate and extraordinary action, posing a threat to the survival of the state or to societal security.\n(B) As requiring immediate and extraordinary action by the state, threatening the survival of a referent object and therefore warranting the use of measures not normally employed in the political realm.\n(C) As an urgent threat to the survival of the referent object, so serious that it legitimises the employment of extraordinary action in response.\n(D) As an urgent threat to the survival of the audience that requires extraordinary or emergency measures.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nHow can we best describe the relationship between the state-centric approach and the concept of human security?\n(A) There are such wide divisions within the human security framework regarding the nature of threats and referent objects that no widely applicable comparisons between state-centric approaches and human security can be drawn.\n(B) By adopting the framework of human security, the limitations of the realist state-centric approach become evident. Whilst human security defines the referent object as the person or population, state-centric approaches prioritise the security of the state, de-prioritizing the pursuit of human security.\n(C) The state-centric approach to security is a faction of human security, usually defined within the broad school of human security. By being state-centric this approach prioritises the individual as the referent object in security studies.\n(D) Both the state-centric and human-centric approaches to security are mutually exclusive and offer a sufficient analytic framework with which to understand the international security system. It is therefore the role of security analysts to determine which of these substantial concepts is correct, and which should be discarded.\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhat are the frameworks of analysis within which terrorism has been considered (as of 2020)?\n(A) Competition between larger nations has resulted in some countries actively supporting terrorist groups to undermine the strength of rival states. Terrorist networks are extended patronage clubs maintained and paid for by their donor states and are conceptualised as being like state actors, to be dealt with using military force.\n(B) Globalization has enabled the internationalization of terrorist activities by opening up their operational space, although coordination is still managed from a geographical base. This suggests that terrorist groups are nationally structured which means that terrorism cannot be considered in terms of a war to be defeated militarily without having serious implications on the indigenous population.\n(C) Terrorism can be viewed as a problem to be resolved by military means (war on terrorism), by normal police techniques (terrorism as crime), or as a medical problem with underlying causes and symptoms (terrorism as disease).\n(D) Terrorism is viewed as a criminal problem. The criminalization of terrorism has two important implications. Firstly, it suggests that terrorism can be eradicated - terrorists can be caught and brought to trial by normal judicial proceedings thereby removing the threat from society - and secondly, it suggests that preventative crime techniques are applicable to prevent its development.\n\nAnswer: C\n\nIs the provision of security policy against terrorism a problematic pursuit?\n(A) Although trends suggest that terrorism shows little sign of abating there is some positive indication that international cooperation between countries will play an increasingly important role in collaboration with indigenous intelligence agencies. A meaningful international definition of terrorism would provide a useful framework for responding to the spectre of terrorism.\n(B) Responding to terrorism solely in its manifest form (the war on terror and crime approaches) holds little potential for eradicating terrorism in the long-term. It is clear that terrorism will remain a security threat for years to come unless the root causes are addressed. Countermeasures will prove fruitless (or a perpetual fight) unless nascent discontent is addressed before it is radicalized.\n(C) All of these options.\n(D) A concern with counter-terrorism efforts is the potential consequences on civil liberties. The greatest danger comes when governments regard the battle against terrorism as warfare because most democratic countries permit greater restrictions on the rights of individuals during wartime. As a consequence, viewing the struggle as 'war' tends to have connotations with the idea that temporary personal curtailment may be a necessity for long-term victory.\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
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      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
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    "scores": [
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    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 2,
    "topic": "security_studies",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
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    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
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    "i": 1471,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Sociology.\n\nWhich of the following did the post-war welfare state of 1948 not aim to provide:\n(A) free health care and education for all\n(B) a minimum wage\n(C) full employment\n(D) universal welfare\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhat does Berger (1963) describe as a metaphor for social reality?\n(A) a fairground ride\n(B) a circus\n(C) a puppet theatre\n(D) a ballet\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThe shift from 'civil religion' to 'common religion' means that:\n(A) the increasing bureaucracy of the state has made religion only a marginal part of our lives\n(B) despite the weakening of traditional authority, our everyday lives and 'common sense' remain shaped by religious beliefs and values\n(C) religious participation in collective worship may have declined, but people still practise their faiths in private\n(D) people are much more likely to discuss their religious beliefs in public, informal settings\n\nAnswer: B\n\nThe term 'hegemony' refers to:\n(A) the tendency for the working class not to realize their own interests\n(B) a dominant ideology that legitimates economic, political and cultural power\n(C) a form of dual consciousness based on ideology and everyday experiences\n(D) a mode of payment given for outstanding topiary\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhich of the following is not a problem associated with official statistics on strike action?\n(A) most strikes go unnoticed by employers and the mass media\n(B) not all industrial disputes will be reported by the employer\n(C) the definition of strikes excludes those that involve fewer than ten workers or last less than one day\n(D) it is hard to compare strikes that were measured in different ways\n\nAnswer: A\n\nUrbanization occurred in the nineteenth century because:\n(A) commuters started moving out of villages and into cities\n(B) towns and cities were becoming increasingly planned and managed\n(C) industrial capitalism led to a shift of population from rural to urban areas\n(D) transport systems were not provided, so it was easier to live in the city\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
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      " B",
      " C",
      " D"
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    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 2,
    "topic": "sociology",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 1472,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about Sociology.\n\nWhich of the following did the post-war welfare state of 1948 not aim to provide:\n(A) free health care and education for all\n(B) a minimum wage\n(C) full employment\n(D) universal welfare\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhat does Berger (1963) describe as a metaphor for social reality?\n(A) a fairground ride\n(B) a circus\n(C) a puppet theatre\n(D) a ballet\n\nAnswer: C\n\nThe shift from 'civil religion' to 'common religion' means that:\n(A) the increasing bureaucracy of the state has made religion only a marginal part of our lives\n(B) despite the weakening of traditional authority, our everyday lives and 'common sense' remain shaped by religious beliefs and values\n(C) religious participation in collective worship may have declined, but people still practise their faiths in private\n(D) people are much more likely to discuss their religious beliefs in public, informal settings\n\nAnswer: B\n\nThe term 'hegemony' refers to:\n(A) the tendency for the working class not to realize their own interests\n(B) a dominant ideology that legitimates economic, political and cultural power\n(C) a form of dual consciousness based on ideology and everyday experiences\n(D) a mode of payment given for outstanding topiary\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhich of the following is not a problem associated with official statistics on strike action?\n(A) most strikes go unnoticed by employers and the mass media\n(B) not all industrial disputes will be reported by the employer\n(C) the definition of strikes excludes those that involve fewer than ten workers or last less than one day\n(D) it is hard to compare strikes that were measured in different ways\n\nAnswer: A\n\nThe view of anti-psychiatrists like Scheff was that mental illness was:\n(A) a form of deviance, occurring when people challenged taken for granted expectations about interaction\n(B) a socially negotiated 'insanity role' into which anyone could drift\n(C) shaped by the processes of interaction taking place within the family and community\n(D) all of the above\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
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      " D"
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    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 3,
    "topic": "sociology",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
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    "i": 1513,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about World Religions.\n\nWhat is the sign of the covenant for Jewish males?\n(A) The rainbow\n(B) Circumcision\n(C) A son\n(D) Bar mitzvah\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhat is the Second Gem in Buddhism?\n(A) The Dharma\n(B) The Sangha\n(C) The Buddha\n(D) The Bodhisattva\n\nAnswer: A\n\nIn which dynasty was the \"Mandate of Heaven\" developed to legitimatize the new rulers?\n(A) Shang\n(B) Zhou\n(C) Han\n(D) Xia\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhich Japanese government promoted a kind of national cult based on the emperor and his associations with kami?\n(A) Honen\n(B) Tanaka\n(C) Tokugawa\n(D) Meiji\n\nAnswer: D\n\nHow can the Upanishads be characterized?\n(A) Ritual texts\n(B) Philosophical texts\n(C) Hymns\n(D) Origin stories\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhich Guru ordered the building of the Darbar Sahib, also known as the Divine Court?\n(A) Guru Nanak\n(B) Guru Ram Das\n(C) Guru Arjan\n(D) Guru Amar Das\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
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    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 2,
    "topic": "world_religions",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
    "input_options_1_text": " B",
    "input_options_2_text": " C",
    "input_options_3_text": " D"
  },
  {
    "i": 1524,
    "prompt": "The following are multiple choice questions (with answers) about World Religions.\n\nWhat is the sign of the covenant for Jewish males?\n(A) The rainbow\n(B) Circumcision\n(C) A son\n(D) Bar mitzvah\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhat is the Second Gem in Buddhism?\n(A) The Dharma\n(B) The Sangha\n(C) The Buddha\n(D) The Bodhisattva\n\nAnswer: A\n\nIn which dynasty was the \"Mandate of Heaven\" developed to legitimatize the new rulers?\n(A) Shang\n(B) Zhou\n(C) Han\n(D) Xia\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhich Japanese government promoted a kind of national cult based on the emperor and his associations with kami?\n(A) Honen\n(B) Tanaka\n(C) Tokugawa\n(D) Meiji\n\nAnswer: D\n\nHow can the Upanishads be characterized?\n(A) Ritual texts\n(B) Philosophical texts\n(C) Hymns\n(D) Origin stories\n\nAnswer: B\n\nWhat is the English name for Hanukkah?\n(A) The Festival of Booths\n(B) The Festival of the Giving of Torah\n(C) The Festival of Lights\n(D) The Festival of Weeks\n\nAnswer:",
    "options": [
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      " C",
      " D"
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    "model": "gmini",
    "input_label": 2,
    "topic": "world_religions",
    "input_options_0_text": " A",
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    "input_options_2_text": " C",
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