diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature-request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature-request.yml
index 8176602a7..322b6536a 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature-request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature-request.yml
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ body:
Thanks for your interest in FastAPI! 🚀
Please follow these instructions, fill every question, and do every step. 🙏
-
+
I'm asking this because answering questions and solving problems in GitHub issues is what consumes most of the time.
-
+
I end up not being able to add new features, fix bugs, review pull requests, etc. as fast as I wish because I have to spend too much time handling issues.
All that, on top of all the incredible help provided by a bunch of community members, the [FastAPI Experts](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#experts), that give a lot of their time to come here and help others.
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ body:
That's a lot of work they are doing, but if more FastAPI users came to help others like them just a little bit more, it would be much less effort for them (and you and me 😅).
By asking questions in a structured way (following this) it will be much easier to help you.
-
+
And there's a high chance that you will find the solution along the way and you won't even have to submit it and wait for an answer. 😎
As there are too many issues with questions, I'll have to close the incomplete ones. That will allow me (and others) to focus on helping people like you that follow the whole process and help us help you. 🤓
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ body:
label: Commit to Help
description: |
After submitting this, I commit to one of:
-
+
* Read open issues with questions until I find 2 issues where I can help someone and add a comment to help there.
* I already hit the "watch" button in this repository to receive notifications and I commit to help at least 2 people that ask questions in the future.
* Implement a Pull Request for a confirmed bug.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.yml
index 5c76fd17e..3b16b4ad0 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.yml
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ body:
Thanks for your interest in FastAPI! 🚀
Please follow these instructions, fill every question, and do every step. 🙏
-
+
I'm asking this because answering questions and solving problems in GitHub issues is what consumes most of the time.
-
+
I end up not being able to add new features, fix bugs, review pull requests, etc. as fast as I wish because I have to spend too much time handling issues.
All that, on top of all the incredible help provided by a bunch of community members, the [FastAPI Experts](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#experts), that give a lot of their time to come here and help others.
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ body:
That's a lot of work they are doing, but if more FastAPI users came to help others like them just a little bit more, it would be much less effort for them (and you and me 😅).
By asking questions in a structured way (following this) it will be much easier to help you.
-
+
And there's a high chance that you will find the solution along the way and you won't even have to submit it and wait for an answer. 😎
As there are too many issues with questions, I'll have to close the incomplete ones. That will allow me (and others) to focus on helping people like you that follow the whole process and help us help you. 🤓
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ body:
label: Commit to Help
description: |
After submitting this, I commit to one of:
-
+
* Read open issues with questions until I find 2 issues where I can help someone and add a comment to help there.
* I already hit the "watch" button in this repository to receive notifications and I commit to help at least 2 people that ask questions in the future.
* Implement a Pull Request for a confirmed bug.
diff --git a/.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr/app/main.py b/.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr/app/main.py
index 3b10e0ee0..c9fb7cbbe 100644
--- a/.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr/app/main.py
+++ b/.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr/app/main.py
@@ -48,9 +48,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
use_pr = pr
break
if not use_pr:
- logging.error(
- f"No PR found for hash: {event.workflow_run.head_commit.id}"
- )
+ logging.error(f"No PR found for hash: {event.workflow_run.head_commit.id}")
sys.exit(0)
github_headers = {
"Authorization": f"token {settings.input_token.get_secret_value()}"
diff --git a/.github/actions/notify-translations/app/main.py b/.github/actions/notify-translations/app/main.py
index 7d6c1a4d2..823685e00 100644
--- a/.github/actions/notify-translations/app/main.py
+++ b/.github/actions/notify-translations/app/main.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
import logging
+import random
import time
from pathlib import Path
-import random
from typing import Dict, Optional
import yaml
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
)
if pr.state == "open":
logging.debug(f"PR is open: {pr.number}")
- label_strs = set([label.name for label in pr.get_labels()])
+ label_strs = {label.name for label in pr.get_labels()}
if lang_all_label in label_strs and awaiting_label in label_strs:
logging.info(
f"This PR seems to be a language translation and awaiting reviews: {pr.number}"
diff --git a/.github/actions/notify-translations/app/translations.yml b/.github/actions/notify-translations/app/translations.yml
index f0bccd470..0e5093f3a 100644
--- a/.github/actions/notify-translations/app/translations.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/notify-translations/app/translations.yml
@@ -14,3 +14,4 @@ de: 3716
id: 3717
az: 3994
nl: 4701
+uz: 4883
diff --git a/.github/actions/people/app/main.py b/.github/actions/people/app/main.py
index 0b6ff4063..9de6fc250 100644
--- a/.github/actions/people/app/main.py
+++ b/.github/actions/people/app/main.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel, BaseSettings, SecretStr
github_graphql_url = "https://api.github.com/graphql"
issues_query = """
-query Q($after: String) {
+query Q($after: String) {
repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") {
issues(first: 100, after: $after) {
edges {
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ query Q($after: String) {
"""
prs_query = """
-query Q($after: String) {
+query Q($after: String) {
repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") {
pullRequests(first: 100, after: $after) {
edges {
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-docs.yml b/.github/workflows/build-docs.yml
index 2482660f3..505d66f9f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-docs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-docs.yml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
id: cache
with:
path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
- key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-docs-v2
+ key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-docs-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-v03
- name: Install Flit
if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
run: python3.7 -m pip install flit
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
run: python3.7 -m flit install --deps production --extras doc
- name: Install Material for MkDocs Insiders
- if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork == false && steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+ if: ( github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork == false ) && steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
run: pip install git+https://${{ secrets.ACTIONS_TOKEN }}@github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material-insiders.git
- name: Build Docs
run: python3.7 ./scripts/docs.py build-all
diff --git a/.github/workflows/latest-changes.yml b/.github/workflows/latest-changes.yml
index 42236beba..5783c993a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/latest-changes.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/latest-changes.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ on:
description: PR number
required: true
debug_enabled:
- description: 'Run the build with tmate debugging enabled (https://github.com/marketplace/actions/debugging-with-tmate)'
+ description: 'Run the build with tmate debugging enabled (https://github.com/marketplace/actions/debugging-with-tmate)'
required: false
default: false
diff --git a/.github/workflows/people.yml b/.github/workflows/people.yml
index 970813da7..2004ee7b3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/people.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/people.yml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ on:
workflow_dispatch:
inputs:
debug_enabled:
- description: 'Run the build with tmate debugging enabled (https://github.com/marketplace/actions/debugging-with-tmate)'
+ description: 'Run the build with tmate debugging enabled (https://github.com/marketplace/actions/debugging-with-tmate)'
required: false
default: false
diff --git a/.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml b/.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml
index 0c0d2ac59..104c2677f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ on:
workflow_run:
workflows:
- Build Docs
- types:
+ types:
- completed
jobs:
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c278571e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# See https://pre-commit.com for more information
+# See https://pre-commit.com/hooks.html for more hooks
+repos:
+- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+ rev: v4.2.0
+ hooks:
+ - id: check-added-large-files
+ - id: check-toml
+ - id: check-yaml
+ args:
+ - --unsafe
+ - id: end-of-file-fixer
+ - id: trailing-whitespace
+- repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
+ rev: v2.32.1
+ hooks:
+ - id: pyupgrade
+ args:
+ - --py3-plus
+ - --keep-runtime-typing
+- repo: https://github.com/myint/autoflake
+ rev: v1.4
+ hooks:
+ - id: autoflake
+ args:
+ - --recursive
+ - --in-place
+ - --remove-all-unused-imports
+ - --remove-unused-variables
+ - --expand-star-imports
+ - --exclude
+ - __init__.py
+ - --remove-duplicate-keys
+- repo: https://github.com/pycqa/isort
+ rev: 5.10.1
+ hooks:
+ - id: isort
+ name: isort (python)
+ - id: isort
+ name: isort (cython)
+ types: [cython]
+ - id: isort
+ name: isort (pyi)
+ types: [pyi]
+- repo: https://github.com/psf/black
+ rev: 22.3.0
+ hooks:
+ - id: black
+ci:
+ autofix_commit_msg: 🎨 [pre-commit.ci] Auto format from pre-commit.com hooks
+ autoupdate_commit_msg: ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 9ad50f271..5e9e97a2a 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
* Create a file `main.py` with:
```Python
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
```Python hl_lines="9 14"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ async def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.
Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.
```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ app = FastAPI()
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
price: float
- is_offer: Optional[bool] = None
+ is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None
@app.get("/")
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
diff --git a/docs/az/mkdocs.yml b/docs/az/mkdocs.yml
index 58bbb0758..60bd8eaad 100644
--- a/docs/az/mkdocs.yml
+++ b/docs/az/mkdocs.yml
@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ theme:
name: material
custom_dir: overrides
palette:
- - scheme: default
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+ scheme: default
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
icon: material/lightbulb
name: Switch to light mode
- - scheme: slate
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+ scheme: slate
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
diff --git a/docs/de/docs/features.md b/docs/de/docs/features.md
index f56257e7e..d99ade402 100644
--- a/docs/de/docs/features.md
+++ b/docs/de/docs/features.md
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
### Automatische Dokumentation
-Mit einer interaktiven API-Dokumentation und explorativen webbasierten Benutzerschnittstellen. Da FastAPI auf OpenAPI basiert, gibt es hierzu mehrere Optionen, wobei zwei standartmäßig vorhanden sind.
+Mit einer interaktiven API-Dokumentation und explorativen webbasierten Benutzerschnittstellen. Da FastAPI auf OpenAPI basiert, gibt es hierzu mehrere Optionen, wobei zwei standardmäßig vorhanden sind.
* Swagger UI, bietet interaktive Exploration: testen und rufen Sie ihre API direkt vom Webbrowser auf.
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Mit einer interaktiven API-Dokumentation und explorativen webbasierten Benutzers
Alles basiert auf **Python 3.6 Typ**-Deklarationen (dank Pydantic). Es muss keine neue Syntax gelernt werden, nur standardisiertes modernes Python.
-
+
Wenn Sie eine kurze, zweiminütige, Auffrischung in der Benutzung von Python Typ-Deklarationen benötigen (auch wenn Sie FastAPI nicht nutzen), schauen Sie sich diese kurze Einführung an (Englisch): Python Types{.internal-link target=_blank}.
@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ Hierdurch werden Sie nie wieder einen falschen Schlüsselnamen benutzen und spar
### Kompakt
-FastAPI nutzt für alles sensible **Standard-Einstellungen**, welche optional überall konfiguriert werden können. Alle Parameter können ganz genau an Ihre Bedürfnisse angepasst werden, sodass sie genau die API definieren können, die sie brachen.
+FastAPI nutzt für alles sinnvolle **Standard-Einstellungen**, welche optional überall konfiguriert werden können. Alle Parameter können ganz genau an Ihre Bedürfnisse angepasst werden, sodass sie genau die API definieren können, die sie brauchen.
-Aber standartmäßig, **"funktioniert einfach"** alles.
+Aber standardmäßig, **"funktioniert einfach"** alles.
### Validierung
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Aber standartmäßig, **"funktioniert einfach"** alles.
* Zeichenketten (`str`), mit definierter minimaler und maximaler Länge.
* Zahlen (`int`, `float`) mit minimaler und maximaler Größe, usw.
-* Validierung für ungewögnliche Typen, wie:
+* Validierung für ungewöhnliche Typen, wie:
* URL.
* Email.
* UUID.
@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ FastAPI enthält ein extrem einfaches, aber extrem mächtiges Starlette. Das bedeutet, auch ihr eigner Starlett Quellcode funktioniert.
+**FastAPI** ist vollkommen kompatibel (und basiert auf) Starlette. Das bedeutet, auch ihr eigener Starlette Quellcode funktioniert.
-`FastAPI` ist eigentlich eine Unterklasse von `Starlette`. Wenn sie also bereits Starlette kennen oder benutzen, können Sie das meiste Ihres Wissen direkt anwenden.
+`FastAPI` ist eigentlich eine Unterklasse von `Starlette`. Wenn Sie also bereits Starlette kennen oder benutzen, können Sie das meiste Ihres Wissens direkt anwenden.
Mit **FastAPI** bekommen Sie viele von **Starlette**'s Funktionen (da FastAPI nur Starlette auf Steroiden ist):
@@ -193,11 +193,11 @@ Mit **FastAPI** bekommen Sie alle Funktionen von **Pydantic** (da FastAPI für d
* Gutes Zusammenspiel mit Ihrer/Ihrem **IDE/linter/Gehirn**:
* Weil Datenstrukturen von Pydantic einfach nur Instanzen ihrer definierten Klassen sind, sollten Autovervollständigung, Linting, mypy und ihre Intuition einwandfrei funktionieren.
* **Schnell**:
- * In Vergleichen ist Pydantic schneller als jede andere getestete Bibliothek.
+ * In Vergleichen ist Pydantic schneller als jede andere getestete Bibliothek.
* Validierung von **komplexen Strukturen**:
* Benutzung von hierachischen Pydantic Schemata, Python `typing`’s `List` und `Dict`, etc.
* Validierungen erlauben klare und einfache Datenschemadefinition, überprüft und dokumentiert als JSON Schema.
* Sie können stark **verschachtelte JSON** Objekte haben und diese sind trotzdem validiert und annotiert.
* **Erweiterbar**:
- * Pydantic erlaubt die Definition von eigenen Datentypen oder sie können die Validierung mit einer `validator` dekorierten Methode erweitern..
+ * Pydantic erlaubt die Definition von eigenen Datentypen oder Sie können die Validierung mit einer `validator` dekorierten Methode erweitern..
* 100% Testabdeckung.
diff --git a/docs/de/docs/index.md b/docs/de/docs/index.md
index d09ce70a0..929754462 100644
--- a/docs/de/docs/index.md
+++ b/docs/de/docs/index.md
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ $ pip install uvicorn[standard]
* Create a file `main.py` with:
```Python
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
```Python hl_lines="9 14"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ async def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.
Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.
```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ app = FastAPI()
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
price: float
- is_offer: Optional[bool] = None
+ is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None
@app.get("/")
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ And now, go to requests - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
-* aiofiles - Required if you want to use `FileResponse` or `StaticFiles`.
* jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
* python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with `request.form()`.
* itsdangerous - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.
diff --git a/docs/de/mkdocs.yml b/docs/de/mkdocs.yml
index 1242af504..c72f325f6 100644
--- a/docs/de/mkdocs.yml
+++ b/docs/de/mkdocs.yml
@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ theme:
name: material
custom_dir: overrides
palette:
- - scheme: default
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+ scheme: default
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
icon: material/lightbulb
name: Switch to light mode
- - scheme: slate
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+ scheme: slate
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
diff --git a/docs/en/data/external_links.yml b/docs/en/data/external_links.yml
index 0850d9788..4a5791a43 100644
--- a/docs/en/data/external_links.yml
+++ b/docs/en/data/external_links.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
articles:
english:
+ - author: Jean-Baptiste Rocher
+ author_link: https://hashnode.com/@jibrocher
+ link: https://dev.indooroutdoor.io/series/fastapi-react-poll-app
+ title: Building the Poll App From Django Tutorial With FastAPI And React
+ - author: Silvan Melchior
+ author_link: https://github.com/silvanmelchior
+ link: https://blog.devgenius.io/seamless-fastapi-configuration-with-confz-90949c14ea12
+ title: Seamless FastAPI Configuration with ConfZ
+ - author: Kaustubh Gupta
+ author_link: https://medium.com/@kaustubhgupta1828/
+ link: https://levelup.gitconnected.com/5-advance-features-of-fastapi-you-should-try-7c0ac7eebb3e
+ title: 5 Advanced Features of FastAPI You Should Try
- author: Kaustubh Gupta
author_link: https://medium.com/@kaustubhgupta1828/
link: https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2021/06/deploying-ml-models-as-api-using-fastapi-and-heroku/
@@ -12,6 +24,10 @@ articles:
author_link: https://pystar.substack.com/
link: https://pystar.substack.com/p/how-to-create-a-fake-certificate
title: How to Create A Fake Certificate Authority And Generate TLS Certs for FastAPI
+ - author: Ben Gamble
+ author_link: https://uk.linkedin.com/in/bengamble7
+ link: https://ably.com/blog/realtime-ticket-booking-solution-kafka-fastapi-ably
+ title: Building a realtime ticket booking solution with Kafka, FastAPI, and Ably
- author: Shahriyar(Shako) Rzayev
author_link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shahriyar-rzayev/
link: https://www.azepug.az/posts/fastapi/#building-simple-e-commerce-with-nuxtjs-and-fastapi-series
@@ -20,6 +36,10 @@ articles:
author_link: https://rodrigo-arenas.medium.com/
link: https://medium.com/analytics-vidhya/serve-a-machine-learning-model-using-sklearn-fastapi-and-docker-85aabf96729b
title: "Serve a machine learning model using Sklearn, FastAPI and Docker"
+ - author: Yashasvi Singh
+ author_link: https://hashnode.com/@aUnicornDev
+ link: https://aunicorndev.hashnode.dev/series/supafast-api
+ title: "Building an API with FastAPI and Supabase and Deploying on Deta"
- author: Navule Pavan Kumar Rao
author_link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/navule/
link: https://www.tutlinks.com/deploy-fastapi-on-ubuntu-gunicorn-caddy-2/
@@ -27,7 +47,7 @@ articles:
- author: Patrick Ladon
author_link: https://dev.to/factorlive
link: https://dev.to/factorlive/python-facebook-messenger-webhook-with-fastapi-on-glitch-4n90
- title: Python Facebook messenger webhook with FastAPI on Glitch
+ title: Python Facebook messenger webhook with FastAPI on Glitch
- author: Dom Patmore
author_link: https://twitter.com/dompatmore
link: https://dompatmore.com/blog/authenticate-your-fastapi-app-with-auth0
@@ -188,11 +208,19 @@ articles:
author_link: https://medium.com/@williamhayes
link: https://medium.com/@williamhayes/fastapi-starlette-debug-vs-prod-5f7561db3a59
title: FastAPI/Starlette debug vs prod
+ - author: Mukul Mantosh
+ author_link: https://twitter.com/MantoshMukul
+ link: https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/guide/tutorials/fastapi-aws-kubernetes/
+ title: Developing FastAPI Application using K8s & AWS
german:
- author: Nico Axtmann
author_link: https://twitter.com/_nicoax
link: https://blog.codecentric.de/2019/08/inbetriebnahme-eines-scikit-learn-modells-mit-onnx-und-fastapi/
title: Inbetriebnahme eines scikit-learn-Modells mit ONNX und FastAPI
+ - author: Felix Schürmeyer
+ author_link: https://hellocoding.de/autor/felix-schuermeyer/
+ link: https://hellocoding.de/blog/coding-language/python/fastapi
+ title: REST-API Programmieren mittels Python und dem FastAPI Modul
japanese:
- author: '@bee2'
author_link: https://qiita.com/bee2
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md
index 4b8b3b71e..5d136da41 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ For example, to declare another response with a status code `404` and a Pydantic
**FastAPI** will take the Pydantic model from there, generate the `JSON Schema`, and put it in the correct place.
The correct place is:
-
+
* In the key `content`, that has as value another JSON object (`dict`) that contains:
* A key with the media type, e.g. `application/json`, that contains as value another JSON object, that contains:
* A key `schema`, that has as the value the JSON Schema from the model, here's the correct place.
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md
index eb6031953..b61f88b93 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ But you also want it to accept new items. And when the items didn't exist before
To achieve that, import `JSONResponse`, and return your content there directly, setting the `status_code` that you want:
-```Python hl_lines="4 23"
+```Python hl_lines="4 25"
{!../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py!}
```
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ To achieve that, import `JSONResponse`, and return your content there directly,
When you return a `Response` directly, like in the example above, it will be returned directly.
It won't be serialized with a model, etc.
-
+
Make sure it has the data you want it to have, and that the values are valid JSON (if you are using `JSONResponse`).
!!! note "Technical Details"
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/extending-openapi.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/extending-openapi.md
index d1b14bc00..36619696b 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/extending-openapi.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/extending-openapi.md
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ You can probably right-click each link and select an option similar to `Save lin
**Swagger UI** uses the files:
-* `swagger-ui-bundle.js`
-* `swagger-ui.css`
+* `swagger-ui-bundle.js`
+* `swagger-ui.css`
And **ReDoc** uses the file:
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md
index 4bd9cfd04..be51325cd 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ In this section you will see how to manage authentication and authorization with
You don't necessarily need OAuth2 scopes, and you can handle authentication and authorization however you want.
But OAuth2 with scopes can be nicely integrated into your API (with OpenAPI) and your API docs.
-
+
Nevertheless, you still enforce those scopes, or any other security/authorization requirement, however you need, in your code.
In many cases, OAuth2 with scopes can be an overkill.
-
+
But if you know you need it, or you are curious, keep reading.
## OAuth2 scopes and OpenAPI
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ They are normally used to declare specific security permissions, for example:
In OAuth2 a "scope" is just a string that declares a specific permission required.
It doesn't matter if it has other characters like `:` or if it is a URL.
-
+
Those details are implementation specific.
For OAuth2 they are just strings.
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ In this case, it requires the scope `me` (it could require more than one scope).
!!! note
You don't necessarily need to add different scopes in different places.
-
+
We are doing it here to demonstrate how **FastAPI** handles scopes declared at different levels.
```Python hl_lines="4 139 166"
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/sql-databases-peewee.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/sql-databases-peewee.md
index 48514d1e2..b4ea61367 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/sql-databases-peewee.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/sql-databases-peewee.md
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ Now let's check the file `sql_app/schemas.py`.
To avoid confusion between the Peewee *models* and the Pydantic *models*, we will have the file `models.py` with the Peewee models, and the file `schemas.py` with the Pydantic models.
These Pydantic models define more or less a "schema" (a valid data shape).
-
+
So this will help us avoiding confusion while using both.
### Create the Pydantic *models* / schemas
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/testing-dependencies.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/testing-dependencies.md
index 79208e8dc..7bba82fb7 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/testing-dependencies.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/testing-dependencies.md
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ To override a dependency for testing, you put as a key the original dependency (
And then **FastAPI** will call that override instead of the original dependency.
-```Python hl_lines="26-27 30"
+```Python hl_lines="28-29 32"
{!../../../docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/alternatives.md b/docs/en/docs/alternatives.md
index 28d0be8cc..68aa3150d 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/alternatives.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/alternatives.md
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ It was one of the first extremely fast Python frameworks based on `asyncio`. It
!!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
Find a way to have a crazy performance.
-
+
That's why **FastAPI** is based on Starlette, as it is the fastest framework available (tested by third-party benchmarks).
### Falcon
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ Now APIStar is a set of tools to validate OpenAPI specifications, not a web fram
Exist.
The idea of declaring multiple things (data validation, serialization and documentation) with the same Python types, that at the same time provided great editor support, was something I considered a brilliant idea.
-
+
And after searching for a long time for a similar framework and testing many different alternatives, APIStar was the best option available.
Then APIStar stopped to exist as a server and Starlette was created, and was a new better foundation for such a system. That was the final inspiration to build **FastAPI**.
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ That's one of the main things that **FastAPI** adds on top, all based on Python
Handle all the core web parts. Adding features on top.
The class `FastAPI` itself inherits directly from the class `Starlette`.
-
+
So, anything that you can do with Starlette, you can do it directly with **FastAPI**, as it is basically Starlette on steroids.
### Uvicorn
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/async.md b/docs/en/docs/async.md
index 8194650fd..71f2e7502 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/async.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/async.md
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ The cashier 💁 gives you the number of your turn.
While you are waiting, you go with your crush 😍 and pick a table, you sit and talk with your crush 😍 for a long time (as your burgers are very fancy and take some time to prepare ✨🍔✨).
-As you are sitting on the table with your crush 😍, while you wait for the burgers 🍔, you can spend that time admiring how awesome, cute and smart your crush is ✨😍✨.
+As you are sitting at the table with your crush 😍, while you wait for the burgers 🍔, you can spend that time admiring how awesome, cute and smart your crush is ✨😍✨.
While waiting and talking to your crush 😍, from time to time, you check the number displayed on the counter to see if it's your turn already.
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ Then, when it's your turn, you do actual "productive" work 🤓, you process the
But then, even though you still don't have your burgers 🍔, your work with the cashier 💁 is "on pause" ⏸, because you have to wait 🕙 for your burgers to be ready.
-But as you go away from the counter and sit on the table with a number for your turn, you can switch 🔀 your attention to your crush 😍, and "work" ⏯ 🤓 on that. Then you are again doing something very "productive" 🤓, as is flirting with your crush 😍.
+But as you go away from the counter and sit at the table with a number for your turn, you can switch 🔀 your attention to your crush 😍, and "work" ⏯ 🤓 on that. Then you are again doing something very "productive" 🤓, as is flirting with your crush 😍.
Then the cashier 💁 says "I'm finished with doing the burgers" 🍔 by putting your number on the counter's display, but you don't jump like crazy immediately when the displayed number changes to your turn number. You know no one will steal your burgers 🍔 because you have the number of your turn, and they have theirs.
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/deployment/docker.md b/docs/en/docs/deployment/docker.md
index 3f86efcce..8a542622e 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/deployment/docker.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/deployment/docker.md
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ Successfully installed fastapi pydantic uvicorn
* Create a `main.py` file with:
```Python
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ If your FastAPI is a single file, for example, `main.py` without an `./app` dire
Then you would just have to change the corresponding paths to copy the file inside the `Dockerfile`:
```{ .dockerfile .annotate hl_lines="10 13" }
-FROM python:3.9
+FROM python:3.9
WORKDIR /code
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/deployment/manually.md b/docs/en/docs/deployment/manually.md
index 7fd1f4d4f..d6892b2c1 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/deployment/manually.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/deployment/manually.md
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ You can install an ASGI compatible server with:
!!! tip
By adding the `standard`, Uvicorn will install and use some recommended extra dependencies.
-
+
That including `uvloop`, the high-performance drop-in replacement for `asyncio`, that provides the big concurrency performance boost.
=== "Hypercorn"
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ You can install an ASGI compatible server with:
## Run the Server Program
-You can then your application the same way you have done in the tutorials, but without the `--reload` option, e.g.:
+You can then run your application the same way you have done in the tutorials, but without the `--reload` option, e.g.:
=== "Uvicorn"
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ You can then your application the same way you have done in the tutorials, but w
Remember to remove the `--reload` option if you were using it.
The `--reload` option consumes much more resources, is more unstable, etc.
-
+
It helps a lot during **development**, but you **shouldn't** use it in **production**.
## Hypercorn with Trio
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/features.md b/docs/en/docs/features.md
index 36f80783a..e4672d532 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/features.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/features.md
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ With **FastAPI** you get all of **Pydantic**'s features (as FastAPI is based on
* Plays nicely with your **IDE/linter/brain**:
* Because pydantic data structures are just instances of classes you define; auto-completion, linting, mypy and your intuition should all work properly with your validated data.
* **Fast**:
- * in benchmarks Pydantic is faster than all other tested libraries.
+ * in benchmarks Pydantic is faster than all other tested libraries.
* Validate **complex structures**:
* Use of hierarchical Pydantic models, Python `typing`’s `List` and `Dict`, etc.
* And validators allow complex data schemas to be clearly and easily defined, checked and documented as JSON Schema.
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/concepts/process-ram.drawio b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/concepts/process-ram.drawio
index 51fc30ed3..b29c8a342 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/concepts/process-ram.drawio
+++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/concepts/process-ram.drawio
@@ -103,4 +103,4 @@
-
\ No newline at end of file
+
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/concepts/process-ram.svg b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/concepts/process-ram.svg
index cd086c36b..c1bf0d589 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/concepts/process-ram.svg
+++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/concepts/process-ram.svg
@@ -56,4 +56,4 @@
}
123.124.125.126
123.124.125.126
123.124.125.126
123.124.125.126
123.124.125.126
123.124.125.126
123.124.125.126
123.124.125.126
123.124.125.126
123.124.125.126
123.124.125.126
123.124.125.126
123.124.125.126
123.124.125.126
123.124.125.126
123.124.125.126
123.124.125.126
123.124.125.126
123.124.125.126
123.124.125.126kwargs. Even if they don't have a default value.
-```Python hl_lines="8"
+```Python hl_lines="7"
{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003.py!}
```
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/path-params.md b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/path-params.md
index 9c458844d..a0d70692e 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/path-params.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/path-params.md
@@ -115,6 +115,14 @@ Because *path operations* are evaluated in order, you need to make sure that the
Otherwise, the path for `/users/{user_id}` would match also for `/users/me`, "thinking" that it's receiving a parameter `user_id` with a value of `"me"`.
+Similarly, you cannot redefine a path operation:
+
+```Python hl_lines="6 11"
+{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial003b.py!}
+```
+
+The first one will always be used since the path matches first.
+
## Predefined values
If you have a *path operation* that receives a *path parameter*, but you want the possible valid *path parameter* values to be predefined, you can use a standard Python `Enum`.
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md
index ee62b9718..c5fc35b88 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ Let's take this application as example:
{!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!}
```
-The query parameter `q` is of type `Optional[str]` (or `str | None` in Python 3.10), that means that it's of type `str` but could also be `None`, and indeed, the default value is `None`, so FastAPI will know it's not required.
+The query parameter `q` is of type `Union[str, None]` (or `str | None` in Python 3.10), that means that it's of type `str` but could also be `None`, and indeed, the default value is `None`, so FastAPI will know it's not required.
!!! note
FastAPI will know that the value of `q` is not required because of the default value `= None`.
- The `Optional` in `Optional[str]` is not used by FastAPI, but will allow your editor to give you better support and detect errors.
+ The `Union` in `Union[str, None]` will allow your editor to give you better support and detect errors.
## Additional validation
@@ -59,24 +59,24 @@ And now use it as the default value of your parameter, setting the parameter `ma
{!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_py310.py!}
```
-As we have to replace the default value `None` with `Query(None)`, the first parameter to `Query` serves the same purpose of defining that default value.
+As we have to replace the default value `None` in the function with `Query()`, we can now set the default value with the parameter `Query(default=None)`, it serves the same purpose of defining that default value.
So:
```Python
-q: Optional[str] = Query(None)
+q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None)
```
...makes the parameter optional, the same as:
```Python
-q: Optional[str] = None
+q: Union[str, None] = None
```
And in Python 3.10 and above:
```Python
-q: str | None = Query(None)
+q: str | None = Query(default=None)
```
...makes the parameter optional, the same as:
@@ -97,17 +97,17 @@ But it declares it explicitly as being a query parameter.
or the:
```Python
- = Query(None)
+ = Query(default=None)
```
as it will use that `None` as the default value, and that way make the parameter **not required**.
- The `Optional` part allows your editor to provide better support, but it is not what tells FastAPI that this parameter is not required.
+ The `Union[str, None]` part allows your editor to provide better support, but it is not what tells FastAPI that this parameter is not required.
Then, we can pass more parameters to `Query`. In this case, the `max_length` parameter that applies to strings:
```Python
-q: str = Query(None, max_length=50)
+q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, max_length=50)
```
This will validate the data, show a clear error when the data is not valid, and document the parameter in the OpenAPI schema *path operation*.
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ You can also add a parameter `min_length`:
=== "Python 3.6 and above"
- ```Python hl_lines="9"
+ ```Python hl_lines="10"
{!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003.py!}
```
@@ -134,13 +134,13 @@ You can define a ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004.py!}
```
=== "Python 3.10 and above"
- ```Python hl_lines="8"
+ ```Python hl_lines="9"
{!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_py310.py!}
```
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ But whenever you need them and go and learn them, know that you can already use
## Default values
-The same way that you can pass `None` as the first argument to be used as the default value, you can pass other values.
+The same way that you can pass `None` as the value for the `default` parameter, you can pass other values.
Let's say that you want to declare the `q` query parameter to have a `min_length` of `3`, and to have a default value of `"fixedquery"`:
@@ -178,26 +178,68 @@ q: str
instead of:
```Python
-q: Optional[str] = None
+q: Union[str, None] = None
```
But we are now declaring it with `Query`, for example like:
```Python
-q: Optional[str] = Query(None, min_length=3)
+q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, min_length=3)
```
-So, when you need to declare a value as required while using `Query`, you can use `...` as the first argument:
+So, when you need to declare a value as required while using `Query`, you can simply not declare a default value:
```Python hl_lines="7"
{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006.py!}
```
+### Required with Ellipsis (`...`)
+
+There's an alternative way to explicitly declare that a value is required. You can set the `default` parameter to the literal value `...`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="7"
+{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b.py!}
+```
+
!!! info
If you hadn't seen that `...` before: it is a special single value, it is part of Python and is called "Ellipsis".
+ It is used by Pydantic and FastAPI to explicitly declare that a value is required.
+
This will let **FastAPI** know that this parameter is required.
+### Required with `None`
+
+You can declare that a parameter can accept `None`, but that it's still required. This would force clients to send a value, even if the value is `None`.
+
+To do that, you can declare that `None` is a valid type but still use `default=...`:
+
+=== "Python 3.6 and above"
+
+ ```Python hl_lines="8"
+ {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c.py!}
+ ```
+
+=== "Python 3.10 and above"
+
+ ```Python hl_lines="7"
+ {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_py310.py!}
+ ```
+
+!!! tip
+ Pydantic, which is what powers all the data validation and serialization in FastAPI, has a special behavior when you use `Optional` or `Union[Something, None]` without a default value, you can read more about it in the Pydantic docs about Required Optional fields.
+
+### Use Pydantic's `Required` instead of Ellipsis (`...`)
+
+If you feel uncomfortable using `...`, you can also import and use `Required` from Pydantic:
+
+```Python hl_lines="2 8"
+{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d.py!}
+```
+
+!!! tip
+ Remember that in most of the cases, when something is required, you can simply omit the `default` parameter, so you normally don't have to use `...` nor `Required`.
+
## Query parameter list / multiple values
When you define a query parameter explicitly with `Query` you can also declare it to receive a list of values, or said in other way, to receive multiple values.
@@ -315,7 +357,7 @@ You can add a `title`:
=== "Python 3.10 and above"
- ```Python hl_lines="7"
+ ```Python hl_lines="8"
{!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_py310.py!}
```
@@ -399,7 +441,7 @@ To exclude a query parameter from the generated OpenAPI schema (and thus, from t
=== "Python 3.10 and above"
- ```Python hl_lines="7"
+ ```Python hl_lines="8"
{!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_py310.py!}
```
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-files.md b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-files.md
index 3ca471a91..664a1102f 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-files.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-files.md
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ The way HTML forms (``) sends the data to the server normally uses
Data from forms is normally encoded using the "media type" `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` when it doesn't include files.
But when the form includes files, it is encoded as `multipart/form-data`. If you use `File`, **FastAPI** will know it has to get the files from the correct part of the body.
-
+
If you want to read more about these encodings and form fields, head to the MDN web docs for POST.
!!! warning
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md
index b5495a400..2021a098f 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ The way HTML forms (``) sends the data to the server normally uses
Data from forms is normally encoded using the "media type" `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.
But when the form includes files, it is encoded as `multipart/form-data`. You'll read about handling files in the next chapter.
-
+
If you want to read more about these encodings and form fields, head to the MDN web docs for POST.
!!! warning
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/response-model.md b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/response-model.md
index c751a9256..e371e86e4 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/response-model.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/response-model.md
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ Your response model could have default values, like:
{!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py!}
```
-* `description: Optional[str] = None` has a default of `None`.
+* `description: Union[str, None] = None` has a default of `None`.
* `tax: float = 10.5` has a default of `10.5`.
* `tags: List[str] = []` as a default of an empty list: `[]`.
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md
index c69df51dc..94347018d 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md
@@ -68,13 +68,13 @@ Here we pass an `example` of the data expected in `Body()`:
=== "Python 3.6 and above"
- ```Python hl_lines="21-26"
+ ```Python hl_lines="20-25"
{!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003.py!}
```
=== "Python 3.10 and above"
- ```Python hl_lines="19-24"
+ ```Python hl_lines="18-23"
{!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_py310.py!}
```
@@ -99,13 +99,13 @@ Each specific example `dict` in the `examples` can contain:
=== "Python 3.6 and above"
- ```Python hl_lines="22-48"
+ ```Python hl_lines="21-47"
{!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004.py!}
```
=== "Python 3.10 and above"
- ```Python hl_lines="20-46"
+ ```Python hl_lines="19-45"
{!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_py310.py!}
```
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md
index 360d85ae4..45ffaab90 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ When we create an instance of the `OAuth2PasswordBearer` class we pass in the `t
```
!!! tip
- here `tokenUrl="token"` refers to a relative URL `token` that we haven't created yet. As it's a relative URL, it's equivalent to `./token`.
+ Here `tokenUrl="token"` refers to a relative URL `token` that we haven't created yet. As it's a relative URL, it's equivalent to `./token`.
Because we are using a relative URL, if your API was located at `https://example.com/`, then it would refer to `https://example.com/token`. But if your API was located at `https://example.com/api/v1/`, then it would refer to `https://example.com/api/v1/token`.
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md
index 9dc2f64c6..3436543a5 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ Not only the IDs of those items, but all the data that we defined in the Pydanti
Now, in the Pydantic *models* for reading, `Item` and `User`, add an internal `Config` class.
-This `Config` class is used to provide configurations to Pydantic.
+This `Config` class is used to provide configurations to Pydantic.
In the `Config` class, set the attribute `orm_mode = True`.
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ You can find an example of Alembic in a FastAPI project in the templates from [P
### Create a dependency
-Now use the `SessionLocal` class we created in the `sql_app/databases.py` file to create a dependency.
+Now use the `SessionLocal` class we created in the `sql_app/database.py` file to create a dependency.
We need to have an independent database session/connection (`SessionLocal`) per request, use the same session through all the request and then close it after the request is finished.
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ And as the code related to SQLAlchemy and the SQLAlchemy models lives in separat
The same way, you would be able to use the same SQLAlchemy models and utilities in other parts of your code that are not related to **FastAPI**.
-For example, in a background task worker with Celery, RQ, or ARQ.
+For example, in a background task worker with Celery, RQ, or ARQ.
## Review all the files
diff --git a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/testing.md b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/testing.md
index 7e2ae84d0..fea5a54f5 100644
--- a/docs/en/docs/tutorial/testing.md
+++ b/docs/en/docs/tutorial/testing.md
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ With it, you can use
-requests - Requerido si quieres usar el `TestClient`.
-* aiofiles - Requerido si quieres usar `FileResponse` o `StaticFiles`.
* jinja2 - Requerido si quieres usar la configuración por defecto de templates.
* python-multipart - Requerido si quieres dar soporte a "parsing" de formularios, con `request.form()`.
* itsdangerous - Requerido para dar soporte a `SessionMiddleware`.
diff --git a/docs/es/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md b/docs/es/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md
index 79f0a51c0..110036e8c 100644
--- a/docs/es/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md
+++ b/docs/es/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ El `@app.get("/")` le dice a **FastAPI** que la función que tiene justo debajo
Esa sintaxis `@algo` se llama un "decorador" en Python.
Lo pones encima de una función. Es como un lindo sombrero decorado (creo que de ahí salió el concepto).
-
+
Un "decorador" toma la función que tiene debajo y hace algo con ella.
En nuestro caso, este decorador le dice a **FastAPI** que la función que está debajo corresponde al **path** `/` con una **operación** `get`.
diff --git a/docs/es/docs/tutorial/query-params.md b/docs/es/docs/tutorial/query-params.md
index 69caee6e8..482af8dc0 100644
--- a/docs/es/docs/tutorial/query-params.md
+++ b/docs/es/docs/tutorial/query-params.md
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ En este caso el parámetro de la función `q` será opcional y será `None` por
!!! note "Nota"
FastAPI sabrá que `q` es opcional por el `= None`.
- El `Optional` en `Optional[str]` no es usado por FastAPI (FastAPI solo usará la parte `str`), pero el `Optional[str]` le permitirá a tu editor ayudarte a encontrar errores en tu código.
+ El `Union` en `Union[str, None]` no es usado por FastAPI (FastAPI solo usará la parte `str`), pero el `Union[str, None]` le permitirá a tu editor ayudarte a encontrar errores en tu código.
## Conversión de tipos de parámetros de query
diff --git a/docs/es/mkdocs.yml b/docs/es/mkdocs.yml
index eb7538cf4..b544f9b38 100644
--- a/docs/es/mkdocs.yml
+++ b/docs/es/mkdocs.yml
@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ theme:
name: material
custom_dir: overrides
palette:
- - scheme: default
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+ scheme: default
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
icon: material/lightbulb
name: Switch to light mode
- - scheme: slate
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+ scheme: slate
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
diff --git a/docs/fa/docs/index.md b/docs/fa/docs/index.md
index 0070de179..fd52f994c 100644
--- a/docs/fa/docs/index.md
+++ b/docs/fa/docs/index.md
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
* Create a file `main.py` with:
```Python
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
```Python hl_lines="9 14"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ async def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.
Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.
```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ app = FastAPI()
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
price: float
- is_offer: Optional[bool] = None
+ is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None
@app.get("/")
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
diff --git a/docs/fa/mkdocs.yml b/docs/fa/mkdocs.yml
index 6fb3891b7..3966a6026 100644
--- a/docs/fa/mkdocs.yml
+++ b/docs/fa/mkdocs.yml
@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ theme:
name: material
custom_dir: overrides
palette:
- - scheme: default
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+ scheme: default
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
icon: material/lightbulb
name: Switch to light mode
- - scheme: slate
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+ scheme: slate
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/alternatives.md b/docs/fr/docs/alternatives.md
index bf3e7bc3c..ee20438c3 100644
--- a/docs/fr/docs/alternatives.md
+++ b/docs/fr/docs/alternatives.md
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ permanents qui les rendent inadaptés.
### Marshmallow
-L'une des principales fonctionnalités nécessaires aux systèmes API est la "sérialisation" des données, qui consiste à prendre les données du code (Python) et à
les convertir en quelque chose qui peut être envoyé sur le réseau. Par exemple, convertir un objet contenant des
données provenant d'une base de données en un objet JSON. Convertir des objets `datetime` en strings, etc.
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ Sans un système de validation des données, vous devriez effectuer toutes les v
Ces fonctionnalités sont ce pourquoi Marshmallow a été construit. C'est une excellente bibliothèque, et je l'ai déjà beaucoup utilisée.
-Mais elle a été créée avant que les type hints n'existent en Python. Ainsi, pour définir chaque schéma, vous devez utiliser des utilitaires et des classes spécifiques fournies par Marshmallow.
!!! check "A inspiré **FastAPI** à"
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ Utilisez du code pour définir des "schémas" qui fournissent automatiquement le
### Webargs
-Une autre grande fonctionnalité requise par les API est le parsing des données provenant des requêtes entrantes.
Webargs est un outil qui a été créé pour fournir cela par-dessus plusieurs frameworks, dont Flask.
diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/async.md b/docs/fr/docs/async.md
index 20f4ee101..71c28b703 100644
--- a/docs/fr/docs/async.md
+++ b/docs/fr/docs/async.md
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ Et comme on peut avoir du parallélisme et de l'asynchronicité en même temps,
Nope ! C'est ça la morale de l'histoire.
La concurrence est différente du parallélisme. C'est mieux sur des scénarios **spécifiques** qui impliquent beaucoup d'attente. À cause de ça, c'est généralement bien meilleur que le parallélisme pour le développement d'applications web. Mais pas pour tout.
-
+
Donc pour équilibrer tout ça, imaginez l'histoire suivante :
> Vous devez nettoyer une grande et sale maison.
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ def get_sequential_burgers(number: int):
Avec `async def`, Python sait que dans cette fonction il doit prendre en compte les expressions `await`, et qu'il peut mettre en pause ⏸ l'exécution de la fonction pour aller faire autre chose 🔀 avant de revenir.
-Pour appeler une fonction définie avec `async def`, vous devez utiliser `await`. Donc ceci ne marche pas :
+Pour appeler une fonction définie avec `async def`, vous devez utiliser `await`. Donc ceci ne marche pas :
```Python
# Ceci ne fonctionne pas, car get_burgers a été défini avec async def
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ Au final, dans les deux situations, il est fort probable que **FastAPI** soit to
La même chose s'applique aux dépendances. Si une dépendance est définie avec `def` plutôt que `async def`, elle est exécutée dans la threadpool externe.
-### Sous-dépendances
+### Sous-dépendances
Vous pouvez avoir de multiples dépendances et sous-dépendances dépendant les unes des autres (en tant que paramètres de la définition de la *fonction de chemin*), certaines créées avec `async def` et d'autres avec `def`. Cela fonctionnerait aussi, et celles définies avec un simple `def` seraient exécutées sur un thread externe (venant de la threadpool) plutôt que d'être "attendues".
diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/deployment/docker.md b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/docker.md
index e4b59afbf..d2dcae722 100644
--- a/docs/fr/docs/deployment/docker.md
+++ b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/docker.md
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ $ docker run -d --name mycontainer -p 80:80 myimage
-Vous disposez maintenant d'un serveur FastAPI optimisé dans un conteneur Docker. Configuré automatiquement pour votre
+Vous disposez maintenant d'un serveur FastAPI optimisé dans un conteneur Docker. Configuré automatiquement pour votre
serveur actuel (et le nombre de cœurs du CPU).
## Vérifier
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ Vous verrez la documentation interactive automatique de l'API (fournie par http://192.168.99.100/redoc ou http://127.0.0.1/redoc (ou équivalent, en utilisant votre hôte Docker).
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ Vous verrez la documentation automatique alternative (fournie par Traefik est un reverse proxy/load balancer
+Traefik est un reverse proxy/load balancer
haute performance. Il peut faire office de "Proxy de terminaison TLS" (entre autres fonctionnalités).
Il est intégré à Let's Encrypt. Ainsi, il peut gérer toutes les parties HTTPS, y compris l'acquisition et le renouvellement des certificats.
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ Avec ces informations et ces outils, passez à la section suivante pour tout com
Vous pouvez avoir un cluster en mode Docker Swarm configuré en quelques minutes (environ 20 min) avec un processus Traefik principal gérant HTTPS (y compris l'acquisition et le renouvellement des certificats).
-En utilisant le mode Docker Swarm, vous pouvez commencer par un "cluster" d'une seule machine (il peut même s'agir
+En utilisant le mode Docker Swarm, vous pouvez commencer par un "cluster" d'une seule machine (il peut même s'agir
d'un serveur à 5 USD/mois) et ensuite vous pouvez vous développer autant que vous le souhaitez en ajoutant d'autres serveurs.
Pour configurer un cluster en mode Docker Swarm avec Traefik et la gestion de HTTPS, suivez ce guide :
diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/fastapi-people.md b/docs/fr/docs/fastapi-people.md
index 9ec2718c4..945f0794e 100644
--- a/docs/fr/docs/fastapi-people.md
+++ b/docs/fr/docs/fastapi-people.md
@@ -114,6 +114,8 @@ Ce sont les **Sponsors**. 😎
Ils soutiennent mon travail avec **FastAPI** (et d'autres) avec GitHub Sponsors.
+{% if sponsors %}
+
{% if sponsors.gold %}
### Gold Sponsors
@@ -141,6 +143,7 @@ Ils soutiennent mon travail avec **FastAPI** (et d'autres) avec IDE/linter/cerveau**:
* Parce que les structures de données de pydantic consistent seulement en une instance de classe que vous définissez; l'auto-complétion, le linting, mypy et votre intuition devrait être largement suffisante pour valider vos données.
* **Rapide**:
- * Dans les benchmarks Pydantic est plus rapide que toutes les autres librairies testées.
+ * Dans les benchmarks Pydantic est plus rapide que toutes les autres librairies testées.
* Valide les **structures complexes**:
* Utilise les modèles hiérarchique de Pydantic, le `typage` Python pour les `Lists`, `Dict`, etc.
* Et les validateurs permettent aux schémas de données complexes d'être clairement et facilement définis, validés et documentés sous forme d'un schéma JSON.
diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/index.md b/docs/fr/docs/index.md
index 40e6dfdff..f713ee96b 100644
--- a/docs/fr/docs/index.md
+++ b/docs/fr/docs/index.md
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ $ pip install uvicorn[standard]
* Create a file `main.py` with:
```Python
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
```Python hl_lines="9 14"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ async def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.
Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.
```Python hl_lines="4 9 10 11 12 25 26 27"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ app = FastAPI()
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
price: float
- is_offer: Optional[bool] = None
+ is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None
@app.get("/")
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ And now, go to requests - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
-* aiofiles - Required if you want to use `FileResponse` or `StaticFiles`.
* jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
* python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with `request.form()`.
* itsdangerous - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.
@@ -464,4 +463,4 @@ You can install all of these with `pip install fastapi[all]`.
## License
-This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
\ No newline at end of file
+This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md
index 06ef93cd7..f7cf1a6cc 100644
--- a/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md
+++ b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Cela comprend, par exemple :
* Les notifications par email envoyées après l'exécution d'une action :
* Étant donné que se connecter à un serveur et envoyer un email a tendance à être «lent» (plusieurs secondes), vous pouvez retourner la réponse directement et envoyer la notification en arrière-plan.
* Traiter des données :
- * Par exemple, si vous recevez un fichier qui doit passer par un traitement lent, vous pouvez retourner une réponse «Accepted» (HTTP 202) puis faire le traitement en arrière-plan.
+ * Par exemple, si vous recevez un fichier qui doit passer par un traitement lent, vous pouvez retourner une réponse «Accepted» (HTTP 202) puis faire le traitement en arrière-plan.
## Utiliser `BackgroundTasks`
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ La classe `BackgroundTasks` provient directement de Celery.
+Si vous avez besoin de réaliser des traitements lourds en tâche d'arrière-plan et que vous n'avez pas besoin que ces traitements aient lieu dans le même process (par exemple, pas besoin de partager la mémoire, les variables, etc.), il peut s'avérer profitable d'utiliser des outils plus importants tels que Celery.
Ces outils nécessitent généralement des configurations plus complexes ainsi qu'un gestionnaire de queue de message, comme RabbitMQ ou Redis, mais ils permettent d'exécuter des tâches d'arrière-plan dans différents process, et potentiellement, sur plusieurs serveurs.
diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/body.md b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/body.md
index c0953f49f..1e732d336 100644
--- a/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/body.md
+++ b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/body.md
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Mais vous auriez le même support de l'éditeur avec
!!! tip "Astuce"
- Si vous utilisez PyCharm comme éditeur, vous pouvez utiliser le Plugin PyCharm.
+ Si vous utilisez PyCharm comme éditeur, vous pouvez utiliser le Plugin Pydantic PyCharm Plugin.
Ce qui améliore le support pour les modèles Pydantic avec :
@@ -162,4 +162,4 @@ Les paramètres de la fonction seront reconnus comme tel :
## Sans Pydantic
-Si vous ne voulez pas utiliser des modèles Pydantic, vous pouvez aussi utiliser des paramètres de **Corps**. Pour cela, allez voir la partie de la documentation sur [Corps de la requête - Paramètres multiples](body-multiple-params.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
\ No newline at end of file
+Si vous ne voulez pas utiliser des modèles Pydantic, vous pouvez aussi utiliser des paramètres de **Corps**. Pour cela, allez voir la partie de la documentation sur [Corps de la requête - Paramètres multiples](body-multiple-params.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md
index 3a81362f6..224c340c6 100644
--- a/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md
+++ b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ Tout comme celles les plus exotiques :
**FastAPI** n'impose pas de sens spécifique à chacune d'elle.
- Les informations qui sont présentées ici forment une directive générale, pas des obligations.
+ Les informations qui sont présentées ici forment une directive générale, pas des obligations.
Par exemple, quand l'on utilise **GraphQL**, toutes les actions sont effectuées en utilisant uniquement des opérations `POST`.
diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/path-params.md b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/path-params.md
index 58f53e008..894d62dd4 100644
--- a/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/path-params.md
+++ b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/path-params.md
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Vous pouvez déclarer des "paramètres" ou "variables" de chemin avec la même s
{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial001.py!}
```
-La valeur du paramètre `item_id` sera transmise à la fonction dans l'argument `item_id`.
+La valeur du paramètre `item_id` sera transmise à la fonction dans l'argument `item_id`.
Donc, si vous exécutez cet exemple et allez sur http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo,
vous verrez comme réponse :
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Si vous exécutez cet exemple et allez sur "parsing" automatique.
## Validation de données
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ documentation générée automatiquement et interactive :
On voit bien dans la documentation que `item_id` est déclaré comme entier.
-## Les avantages d'avoir une documentation basée sur une norme, et la documentation alternative.
+## Les avantages d'avoir une documentation basée sur une norme, et la documentation alternative.
Le schéma généré suivant la norme OpenAPI,
il existe de nombreux outils compatibles.
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ sur
De la même façon, il existe bien d'autres outils compatibles, y compris des outils de génération de code
-pour de nombreux langages.
+pour de nombreux langages.
## Pydantic
diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/query-params.md b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/query-params.md
index f1f2a605d..7bf3b9e79 100644
--- a/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/query-params.md
+++ b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/query-params.md
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Quand vous déclarez des paramètres dans votre fonction de chemin qui ne font p
{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial001.py!}
```
-La partie appelée requête (ou **query**) dans une URL est l'ensemble des paires clés-valeurs placées après le `?` , séparées par des `&`.
+La partie appelée requête (ou **query**) dans une URL est l'ensemble des paires clés-valeurs placées après le `?` , séparées par des `&`.
Par exemple, dans l'URL :
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ ou n'importe quelle autre variation de casse (tout en majuscules, uniquement la
## Multiples paramètres de chemin et de requête
-Vous pouvez déclarer plusieurs paramètres de chemin et paramètres de requête dans la même fonction, **FastAPI** saura comment les gérer.
+Vous pouvez déclarer plusieurs paramètres de chemin et paramètres de requête dans la même fonction, **FastAPI** saura comment les gérer.
Et vous n'avez pas besoin de les déclarer dans un ordre spécifique.
diff --git a/docs/fr/mkdocs.yml b/docs/fr/mkdocs.yml
index d2681f8d5..bf0d2b21c 100644
--- a/docs/fr/mkdocs.yml
+++ b/docs/fr/mkdocs.yml
@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ theme:
name: material
custom_dir: overrides
palette:
- - scheme: default
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+ scheme: default
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
icon: material/lightbulb
name: Switch to light mode
- - scheme: slate
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+ scheme: slate
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
diff --git a/docs/id/docs/index.md b/docs/id/docs/index.md
index 95fb7ae21..0bb7b55e3 100644
--- a/docs/id/docs/index.md
+++ b/docs/id/docs/index.md
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ And now, go to requests - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
-* aiofiles - Required if you want to use `FileResponse` or `StaticFiles`.
* jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
* python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with `request.form()`.
* itsdangerous - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.
diff --git a/docs/id/mkdocs.yml b/docs/id/mkdocs.yml
index 0c60fecd9..769547d11 100644
--- a/docs/id/mkdocs.yml
+++ b/docs/id/mkdocs.yml
@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ theme:
name: material
custom_dir: overrides
palette:
- - scheme: default
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+ scheme: default
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
icon: material/lightbulb
name: Switch to light mode
- - scheme: slate
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+ scheme: slate
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
diff --git a/docs/it/docs/index.md b/docs/it/docs/index.md
index c52f07e59..6acf92552 100644
--- a/docs/it/docs/index.md
+++ b/docs/it/docs/index.md
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ And now, go to requests - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
-* aiofiles - Required if you want to use `FileResponse` or `StaticFiles`.
* jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
* python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with `request.form()`.
* itsdangerous - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.
diff --git a/docs/it/mkdocs.yml b/docs/it/mkdocs.yml
index 3bf3d7396..ebec9a642 100644
--- a/docs/it/mkdocs.yml
+++ b/docs/it/mkdocs.yml
@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ theme:
name: material
custom_dir: overrides
palette:
- - scheme: default
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+ scheme: default
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
icon: material/lightbulb
name: Switch to light mode
- - scheme: slate
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+ scheme: slate
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md b/docs/ja/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md
index 6c03cd92b..d1f8e6451 100644
--- a/docs/ja/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md
+++ b/docs/ja/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
これを達成するには、 `JSONResponse` をインポートし、 `status_code` を設定して直接内容を返します。
-```Python hl_lines="4 23"
+```Python hl_lines="4 25"
{!../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py!}
```
diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/advanced/conditional-openapi.md b/docs/ja/docs/advanced/conditional-openapi.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b892ed6c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/ja/docs/advanced/conditional-openapi.md
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# 条件付き OpenAPI
+
+必要であれば、設定と環境変数を利用して、環境に応じて条件付きでOpenAPIを構成することが可能です。また、完全にOpenAPIを無効にすることもできます。
+
+## セキュリティとAPI、およびドキュメントについて
+
+本番環境においてドキュメントのUIを非表示にすることによって、APIを保護しようと *すべきではありません*。
+
+それは、APIのセキュリティの強化にはならず、*path operations* は依然として利用可能です。
+
+もしセキュリティ上の欠陥がソースコードにあるならば、それは存在したままです。
+
+ドキュメンテーションを非表示にするのは、単にあなたのAPIへのアクセス方法を難解にするだけでなく、同時にあなた自身の本番環境でのAPIのデバッグを困難にしてしまう可能性があります。単純に、 Security through obscurity の一つの形態として考えられるでしょう。
+
+もしあなたのAPIのセキュリティを強化したいなら、いくつかのよりよい方法があります。例を示すと、
+
+* リクエストボディとレスポンスのためのPydanticモデルの定義を見直す。
+* 依存関係に基づきすべての必要なパーミッションとロールを設定する。
+* パスワードを絶対に平文で保存しない。パスワードハッシュのみを保存する。
+* PasslibやJWTトークンに代表される、よく知られた暗号化ツールを使って実装する。
+* そして必要なところでは、もっと細かいパーミッション制御をOAuth2スコープを使って行う。
+* など
+
+それでも、例えば本番環境のような特定の環境のみで、あるいは環境変数の設定によってAPIドキュメントをどうしても無効にしたいという、非常に特殊なユースケースがあるかもしれません。
+
+## 設定と環境変数による条件付き OpenAPI
+
+生成するOpenAPIとドキュメントUIの構成は、共通のPydanticの設定を使用して簡単に切り替えられます。
+
+例えば、
+
+```Python hl_lines="6 11"
+{!../../../docs_src/conditional_openapi/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+ここでは `openapi_url` の設定を、デフォルトの `"/openapi.json"` のまま宣言しています。
+
+そして、これを `FastAPI` appを作る際に使います。
+
+それから、以下のように `OPENAPI_URL` という環境変数を空文字列に設定することによってOpenAPI (UIドキュメントを含む) を無効化することができます。
+
+
POSTのウェブドキュメントを参照してください。
!!! warning "注意"
diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/static-files.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/static-files.md
index fcc3ba924..1d9c434c3 100644
--- a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/static-files.md
+++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/static-files.md
@@ -2,20 +2,6 @@
`StaticFiles` を使用して、ディレクトリから静的ファイルを自動的に提供できます。
-## `aiofiles` をインストール
-
-まず、`aiofiles` をインストールする必要があります:
-
-requests - `TestClient`를 사용하려면 필요.
-* aiofiles - `FileResponse` 또는 `StaticFiles`를 사용하려면 필요.
* jinja2 - 기본 템플릿 설정을 사용하려면 필요.
* python-multipart - `request.form()`과 함께 "parsing"의 지원을 원하면 필요.
* itsdangerous - `SessionMiddleware` 지원을 위해 필요.
diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/header-params.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/header-params.md
index 1c46b32ba..484554e97 100644
--- a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/header-params.md
+++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/header-params.md
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
타입 정의에서 리스트를 사용하여 이러한 케이스를 정의할 수 있습니다.
-중복 헤더의 모든 값을 파이썬 `list`로 수신합니다.
+중복 헤더의 모든 값을 파이썬 `list`로 수신합니다.
예를 들어, 두 번 이상 나타날 수 있는 `X-Token`헤더를 선언하려면, 다음과 같이 작성합니다:
diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md
index abb9d03db..cadf543fc 100644
--- a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md
+++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
따라서 함수를 다음과 같이 선언 할 수 있습니다:
-```Python hl_lines="8"
+```Python hl_lines="7"
{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002.py!}
```
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
파이썬은 `*`으로 아무런 행동도 하지 않지만, 따르는 매개변수들은 kwargs로도 알려진 키워드 인자(키-값 쌍)여야 함을 인지합니다. 기본값을 가지고 있지 않더라도 그렇습니다.
-```Python hl_lines="8"
+```Python hl_lines="7"
{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003.py!}
```
diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-params.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-params.md
index ede63f69d..5cf397e7a 100644
--- a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-params.md
+++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-params.md
@@ -241,4 +241,4 @@ Starlette에서 직접 옵션을 사용하면 다음과 같은 URL을 사용하
위 사항들을 그저 한번에 선언하면 됩니다.
-이는 (원래 성능과는 별개로) 대체 프레임워크와 비교했을 때 **FastAPI**의 주요 가시적 장점일 것입니다.
\ No newline at end of file
+이는 (원래 성능과는 별개로) 대체 프레임워크와 비교했을 때 **FastAPI**의 주요 가시적 장점일 것입니다.
diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/query-params.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/query-params.md
index 05f2ff9c9..bb631e6ff 100644
--- a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/query-params.md
+++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/query-params.md
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=20
!!! note "참고"
FastAPI는 `q`가 `= None`이므로 선택적이라는 것을 인지합니다.
- `Optional[str]`에 있는 `Optional`은 FastAPI(FastAPI는 `str` 부분만 사용합니다)가 사용하는게 아니지만, `Optional[str]`은 편집기에게 코드에서 오류를 찾아낼 수 있게 도와줍니다.
+ `Union[str, None]`에 있는 `Union`은 FastAPI(FastAPI는 `str` 부분만 사용합니다)가 사용하는게 아니지만, `Union[str, None]`은 편집기에게 코드에서 오류를 찾아낼 수 있게 도와줍니다.
## 쿼리 매개변수 형변환
diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/request-files.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/request-files.md
index 769a676cd..decefe981 100644
--- a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/request-files.md
+++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/request-files.md
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
`fastapi` 에서 `File` 과 `UploadFile` 을 임포트 합니다:
-```Python hl_lines="1"
+```Python hl_lines="1"
{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!}
```
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
`Body` 및 `Form` 과 동일한 방식으로 파일의 매개변수를 생성합니다:
-```Python hl_lines="7"
+```Python hl_lines="7"
{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!}
```
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
`File` 매개변수를 `UploadFile` 타입으로 정의합니다:
-```Python hl_lines="12"
+```Python hl_lines="12"
{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!}
```
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ contents = myfile.file.read()
## "폼 데이터"란
-HTML의 폼들(``)이 서버에 데이터를 전송하는 방식은 대개 데이터에 JSON과는 다른 "특별한" 인코딩을 사용합니다.
+HTML의 폼들(``)이 서버에 데이터를 전송하는 방식은 대개 데이터에 JSON과는 다른 "특별한" 인코딩을 사용합니다.
**FastAPI**는 JSON 대신 올바른 위치에서 데이터를 읽을 수 있도록 합니다.
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ HTML의 폼들(``)이 서버에 데이터를 전송하는 방식은
이 기능을 사용하기 위해 , `bytes` 의 `List` 또는 `UploadFile` 를 선언하기 바랍니다:
-```Python hl_lines="10 15"
+```Python hl_lines="10 15"
{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002.py!}
```
diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md
index 6750c7b23..ddf232e7f 100644
--- a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md
+++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
## `File` 및 `Form` 업로드
-```Python hl_lines="1"
+```Python hl_lines="1"
{!../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py!}
```
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
`Body` 및 `Query`와 동일한 방식으로 파일과 폼의 매개변수를 생성합니다:
-```Python hl_lines="8"
+```Python hl_lines="8"
{!../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py!}
```
diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md
index d201867a1..f92c057be 100644
--- a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md
+++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
* `@app.delete()`
* 기타
-```Python hl_lines="6"
+```Python hl_lines="6"
{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial001.py!}
```
-!!! note "참고"
+!!! note "참고"
`status_code` 는 "데코레이터" 메소드(`get`, `post` 등)의 매개변수입니다. 모든 매개변수들과 본문처럼 *경로 작동 함수*가 아닙니다.
`status_code` 매개변수는 HTTP 상태 코드를 숫자로 입력받습니다.
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
-!!! note "참고"
+!!! note "참고"
어떤 응답 코드들은 해당 응답에 본문이 없다는 것을 의미하기도 합니다 (다음 항목 참고).
이에 따라 FastAPI는 응답 본문이 없음을 명시하는 OpenAPI를 생성합니다.
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ HTTP는 세자리의 숫자 상태 코드를 응답의 일부로 전송합니다
상기 예시 참고:
-```Python hl_lines="6"
+```Python hl_lines="6"
{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial001.py!}
```
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ HTTP는 세자리의 숫자 상태 코드를 응답의 일부로 전송합니다
`fastapi.status` 의 편의 변수를 사용할 수 있습니다.
-```Python hl_lines="1 6"
+```Python hl_lines="1 6"
{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial002.py!}
```
diff --git a/docs/ko/mkdocs.yml b/docs/ko/mkdocs.yml
index 1e7d60dbd..60cf7d30a 100644
--- a/docs/ko/mkdocs.yml
+++ b/docs/ko/mkdocs.yml
@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ theme:
name: material
custom_dir: overrides
palette:
- - scheme: default
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+ scheme: default
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
icon: material/lightbulb
name: Switch to light mode
- - scheme: slate
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+ scheme: slate
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
diff --git a/docs/nl/docs/index.md b/docs/nl/docs/index.md
index 0070de179..fd52f994c 100644
--- a/docs/nl/docs/index.md
+++ b/docs/nl/docs/index.md
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]"
* Create a file `main.py` with:
```Python
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
```Python hl_lines="9 14"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ async def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.
Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.
```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ app = FastAPI()
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
price: float
- is_offer: Optional[bool] = None
+ is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None
@app.get("/")
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
diff --git a/docs/nl/mkdocs.yml b/docs/nl/mkdocs.yml
index c853216f5..9cd1e0401 100644
--- a/docs/nl/mkdocs.yml
+++ b/docs/nl/mkdocs.yml
@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ theme:
name: material
custom_dir: overrides
palette:
- - scheme: default
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+ scheme: default
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
icon: material/lightbulb
name: Switch to light mode
- - scheme: slate
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+ scheme: slate
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
diff --git a/docs/pl/docs/index.md b/docs/pl/docs/index.md
index 4a300ae63..bbe1b1ad1 100644
--- a/docs/pl/docs/index.md
+++ b/docs/pl/docs/index.md
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ $ pip install uvicorn[standard]
* Utwórz plik o nazwie `main.py` z:
```Python
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
Jeżeli twój kod korzysta z `async` / `await`, użyj `async def`:
```Python hl_lines="9 14"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ async def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ Zmodyfikuj teraz plik `main.py`, aby otrzmywał treść (body) żądania `PUT`.
Zadeklaruj treść żądania, używając standardowych typów w Pythonie dzięki Pydantic.
```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ app = FastAPI()
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
price: float
- is_offer: Optional[bool] = None
+ is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None
@app.get("/")
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
diff --git a/docs/pl/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/pl/docs/tutorial/index.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed8752a95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pl/docs/tutorial/index.md
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+# Samouczek - Wprowadzenie
+
+Ten samouczek pokaże Ci, krok po kroku, jak używać większości funkcji **FastAPI**.
+
+Każda część korzysta z poprzednich, ale jest jednocześnie osobnym tematem. Możesz przejść bezpośrednio do każdego rozdziału, jeśli szukasz rozwiązania konkretnego problemu.
+
+Samouczek jest tak zbudowany, żeby służył jako punkt odniesienia w przyszłości.
+
+Możesz wracać i sprawdzać dokładnie to czego potrzebujesz.
+
+## Wykonywanie kodu
+
+Wszystkie fragmenty kodu mogą być skopiowane bezpośrednio i użyte (są poprawnymi i przetestowanymi plikami).
+
+Żeby wykonać każdy przykład skopiuj kod to pliku `main.py` i uruchom `uvicorn` za pomocą:
+
+
+
+## Permitir acesso público
+
+Por padrão, a Deta lidará com a autenticação usando cookies para sua conta.
+
+Mas quando estiver pronto, você pode torná-lo público com:
+
+
+
+## Saiba mais
+
+Em algum momento, você provavelmente desejará armazenar alguns dados para seu aplicativo de uma forma que persista ao longo do tempo. Para isso você pode usar Deta Base, que também tem um generoso **nível gratuito**.
+
+Você também pode ler mais na documentação da Deta.
+
+## Conceitos de implantação
+
+Voltando aos conceitos que discutimos em [Deployments Concepts](./concepts.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, veja como cada um deles seria tratado com a Deta:
+
+* **HTTPS**: Realizado pela Deta, eles fornecerão um subdomínio e lidarão com HTTPS automaticamente.
+* **Executando na inicialização**: Realizado pela Deta, como parte de seu serviço.
+* **Reinicialização**: Realizado pela Deta, como parte de seu serviço.
+* **Replicação**: Realizado pela Deta, como parte de seu serviço.
+* **Memória**: Limite predefinido pela Deta, você pode contatá-los para aumentá-lo.
+* **Etapas anteriores a inicialização**: Não suportado diretamente, você pode fazê-lo funcionar com o sistema Cron ou scripts adicionais.
+
+!!! note "Nota"
+ O Deta foi projetado para facilitar (e gratuitamente) a implantação rápida de aplicativos simples.
+
+ Ele pode simplificar vários casos de uso, mas, ao mesmo tempo, não suporta outros, como o uso de bancos de dados externos (além do próprio sistema de banco de dados NoSQL da Deta), máquinas virtuais personalizadas, etc.
+
+ Você pode ler mais detalhes na documentação da Deta para ver se é a escolha certa para você.
diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/features.md b/docs/pt/docs/features.md
index 20014fe2d..2b7836a6f 100644
--- a/docs/pt/docs/features.md
+++ b/docs/pt/docs/features.md
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ Com **FastAPI** você terá todos os recursos do **Pydantic** (já que FastAPI u
* Vai bem com o/a seu/sua **IDE/linter/cérebro**:
* Como as estruturas de dados do Pydantic são apenas instâncias de classes que você define, a auto completação, _linting_, _mypy_ e a sua intuição devem funcionar corretamente com seus dados validados.
* **Rápido**:
- * em _benchmarks_, o Pydantic é mais rápido que todas as outras bibliotecas testadas.
+ * em _benchmarks_, o Pydantic é mais rápido que todas as outras bibliotecas testadas.
* Valida **estruturas complexas**:
* Use modelos hierárquicos do Pydantic, `List` e `Dict` do `typing` do Python, etc.
* Validadores permitem que esquemas de dados complexos sejam limpos e facilmente definidos, conferidos e documentados como JSON Schema.
diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/help-fastapi.md b/docs/pt/docs/help-fastapi.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d82ce3414
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pt/docs/help-fastapi.md
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+# Ajuda FastAPI - Obter Ajuda
+
+Você gosta do **FastAPI**?
+
+Você gostaria de ajudar o FastAPI, outros usários, e o autor?
+
+Ou você gostaria de obter ajuda relacionada ao **FastAPI**??
+
+Existem métodos muito simples de ajudar (A maioria das ajudas podem ser feitas com um ou dois cliques).
+
+E também existem vários modos de se conseguir ajuda.
+
+## Inscreva-se na newsletter
+
+Você pode se inscrever (pouco frequente) [**FastAPI e amigos** newsletter](/newsletter/){.internal-link target=_blank} para receber atualizações:
+
+* Notícias sobre FastAPI e amigos 🚀
+* Tutoriais 📝
+* Recursos ✨
+* Mudanças de última hora 🚨
+* Truques e dicas ✅
+
+## Siga o FastAPI no twitter
+
+Siga @fastapi no **Twitter** para receber as últimas notícias sobre o **FastAPI**. 🐦
+
+## Favorite o **FastAPI** no GitHub
+
+Você pode "favoritar" o FastAPI no GitHub (clicando na estrela no canto superior direito): https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. ⭐️
+
+Favoritando, outros usuários poderão encontrar mais facilmente e verão que já foi útil para muita gente.
+
+## Acompanhe novos updates no repositorio do GitHub
+
+Você pode "acompanhar" (watch) o FastAPI no GitHub (clicando no botão com um "olho" no canto superior direito): https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. 👀
+
+Podendo selecionar apenas "Novos Updates".
+
+Fazendo isto, serão enviadas notificações (em seu email) sempre que tiver novos updates (uma nova versão) com correções de bugs e novos recursos no **FastAPI**
+
+## Conect-se com o autor
+
+Você pode se conectar comigo (Sebastián Ramírez / `tiangolo`), o autor.
+
+Você pode:
+
+* Me siga no **GitHub**.
+ * Ver também outros projetos Open Source criados por mim que podem te ajudar.
+ * Me seguir para saber quando um novo projeto Open Source for criado.
+* Me siga no **Twitter**.
+ * Me dizer o motivo pelo o qual você está usando o FastAPI(Adoro ouvir esse tipo de comentário).
+ * Saber quando eu soltar novos anúncios ou novas ferramentas.
+ * Também é possivel seguir o @fastapi no Twitter (uma conta aparte).
+* Conect-se comigo no **Linkedin**.
+ * Saber quando eu fizer novos anúncios ou novas ferramentas (apesar de que uso o twitter com mais frequência 🤷♂).
+* Ler meus artigos (ou me seguir) no **Dev.to** ou no **Medium**.
+ * Ficar por dentro de novas ideias, artigos, e ferramentas criadas por mim.
+ * Me siga para saber quando eu publicar algo novo.
+
+## Tweete sobre **FastAPI**
+
+Tweete sobre o **FastAPI** e compartilhe comigo e com os outros o porque de gostar do FastAPI. 🎉
+
+Adoro ouvir sobre como o **FastAPI** é usado, o que você gosta nele, em qual projeto/empresa está sendo usado, etc.
+
+## Vote no FastAPI
+
+* Vote no **FastAPI** no Slant.
+* Vote no **FastAPI** no AlternativeTo.
+
+## Responda perguntas no GitHub
+
+Você pode acompanhar as perguntas existentes e tentar ajudar outros, . 🤓
+
+Ajudando a responder as questões de varias pessoas, você pode se tornar um [Expert em FastAPI](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank} oficial. 🎉
+
+## Acompanhe o repositório do GitHub
+
+Você pode "acompanhar" (watch) o FastAPI no GitHub (clicando no "olho" no canto superior direito): https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. 👀
+
+Se você selecionar "Acompanhando" (Watching) em vez de "Apenas Lançamentos" (Releases only) você receberá notificações quando alguém tiver uma nova pergunta.
+
+Assim podendo tentar ajudar a resolver essas questões.
+
+## Faça perguntas
+
+É possível criar uma nova pergunta no repositório do GitHub, por exemplo:
+
+* Faça uma **pergunta** ou pergunte sobre um **problema**.
+* Sugira novos **recursos**.
+
+**Nota**: Se você fizer uma pergunta, então eu gostaria de pedir que você também ajude os outros com suas respectivas perguntas. 😉
+
+## Crie um Pull Request
+
+É possível [contribuir](contributing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} no código fonte fazendo Pull Requests, por exemplo:
+
+* Para corrigir um erro de digitação que você encontrou na documentação.
+* Para compartilhar um artigo, video, ou podcast criados por você sobre o FastAPI editando este arquivo.
+ * Não se esqueça de adicionar o link no começo da seção correspondente.
+* Para ajudar [traduzir a documentação](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank} para sua lingua.
+ * Também é possivel revisar as traduções já existentes.
+* Para propor novas seções na documentação.
+* Para corrigir um bug/questão.
+* Para adicionar um novo recurso.
+
+## Entre no chat
+
+Entre no 👥 server de conversa do Discord 👥 e conheça novas pessoas da comunidade
+do FastAPI.
+
+!!! dica
+ Para perguntas, pergunte nas questões do GitHub, lá tem um chance maior de você ser ajudado sobre o FastAPI [FastAPI Experts](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+ Use o chat apenas para outro tipo de assunto.
+
+Também existe o chat do Gitter, porém ele não possuí canais e recursos avançados, conversas são mais engessadas, por isso o Discord é mais recomendado.
+
+### Não faça perguntas no chat
+
+Tenha em mente que os chats permitem uma "conversa mais livre", dessa forma é muito fácil fazer perguntas que são muito genéricas e dificeís de responder, assim você pode acabar não sendo respondido.
+
+Nas questões do GitHub o template irá te guiar para que você faça a sua pergunta de um jeito mais correto, fazendo com que você receba respostas mais completas, e até mesmo que você mesmo resolva o problema antes de perguntar. E no GitHub eu garanto que sempre irei responder todas as perguntas, mesmo que leve um tempo. Eu pessoalmente não consigo fazer isso via chat. 😅
+
+Conversas no chat não são tão fáceis de serem encontrados quanto no GitHub, então questões e respostas podem se perder dentro da conversa. E apenas as que estão nas questões do GitHub contam para você se tornar um [Expert em FastAPI](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}, então você receberá mais atenção nas questões do GitHub.
+
+Por outro lado, existem milhares de usuários no chat, então tem uma grande chance de você encontrar alguém para trocar uma idéia por lá em qualquer horário. 😄
+
+## Patrocine o autor
+
+Você também pode ajudar o autor financeiramente (eu) através do GitHub sponsors.
+
+Lá você pode me pagar um cafézinho ☕️ como agradecimento. 😄
+
+E você também pode se tornar um patrocinador Prata ou Ouro do FastAPI. 🏅🎉
+
+## Patrocine as ferramente que potencializam o FastAPI
+
+Como você viu na documentação, o FastAPI se apoia em nos gigantes, Starlette e Pydantic.
+
+Patrocine também:
+
+* Samuel Colvin (Pydantic)
+* Encode (Starlette, Uvicorn)
+
+---
+
+Muito Obrigado! 🚀
diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/index.md b/docs/pt/docs/index.md
index 848fff08a..b1d0c89f2 100644
--- a/docs/pt/docs/index.md
+++ b/docs/pt/docs/index.md
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ $ pip install uvicorn[standard]
* Crie um arquivo `main.py` com:
```Python
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
Se seu código utiliza `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
```Python hl_lines="9 14"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ async def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -253,6 +253,8 @@ Agora modifique o arquivo `main.py` para receber um corpo para uma requisição
Declare o corpo utilizando tipos padrão Python, graças ao Pydantic.
```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27"
+from typing import Union
+
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -262,7 +264,7 @@ app = FastAPI()
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
price: float
- is_offer: Optional[bool] = None
+ is_offer: Union[bool] = None
@app.get("/")
@@ -271,7 +273,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
@@ -365,7 +367,7 @@ Voltando ao código do exemplo anterior, **FastAPI** irá:
* Como o parâmetro `q` é declarado com `= None`, ele é opcional.
* Sem o `None` ele poderia ser obrigatório (como o corpo no caso de `PUT`).
* Para requisições `PUT` para `/items/{item_id}`, lerá o corpo como JSON e:
- * Verifica que tem um atributo obrigatório `name` que deve ser `str`.
+ * Verifica que tem um atributo obrigatório `name` que deve ser `str`.
* Verifica que tem um atributo obrigatório `price` que deve ser `float`.
* Verifica que tem an atributo opcional `is_offer`, que deve ser `bool`, se presente.
* Tudo isso também funciona para objetos JSON profundamente aninhados.
@@ -434,7 +436,6 @@ Usados por Pydantic:
Usados por Starlette:
* requests - Necessário se você quiser utilizar o `TestClient`.
-* aiofiles - Necessário se você quiser utilizar o `FileResponse` ou `StaticFiles`.
* jinja2 - Necessário se você quiser utilizar a configuração padrão de templates.
* python-multipart - Necessário se você quiser suporte com "parsing" de formulário, com `request.form()`.
* itsdangerous - Necessário para suporte a `SessionMiddleware`.
diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/python-types.md b/docs/pt/docs/python-types.md
index df70afd40..9f12211c7 100644
--- a/docs/pt/docs/python-types.md
+++ b/docs/pt/docs/python-types.md
@@ -313,4 +313,3 @@ O importante é que, usando tipos padrão de Python, em um único local (em vez
!!! info "Informação"
Se você já passou por todo o tutorial e voltou para ver mais sobre os tipos, um bom recurso é a "cheat sheet" do `mypy` .
-
diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..625fa2b11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# Tarefas em segundo plano
+
+Você pode definir tarefas em segundo plano a serem executadas _ após _ retornar uma resposta.
+
+Isso é útil para operações que precisam acontecer após uma solicitação, mas que o cliente realmente não precisa esperar a operação ser concluída para receber a resposta.
+
+Isso inclui, por exemplo:
+
+- Envio de notificações por email após a realização de uma ação:
+ - Como conectar-se a um servidor de e-mail e enviar um e-mail tende a ser "lento" (vários segundos), você pode retornar a resposta imediatamente e enviar a notificação por e-mail em segundo plano.
+- Processando dados:
+ - Por exemplo, digamos que você receba um arquivo que deve passar por um processo lento, você pode retornar uma resposta de "Aceito" (HTTP 202) e processá-lo em segundo plano.
+
+## Usando `BackgroundTasks`
+
+Primeiro, importe `BackgroundTasks` e defina um parâmetro em sua _função de operação de caminho_ com uma declaração de tipo de `BackgroundTasks`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="1 13"
+{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+O **FastAPI** criará o objeto do tipo `BackgroundTasks` para você e o passará como esse parâmetro.
+
+## Criar uma função de tarefa
+
+Crie uma função a ser executada como tarefa em segundo plano.
+
+É apenas uma função padrão que pode receber parâmetros.
+
+Pode ser uma função `async def` ou `def` normal, o **FastAPI** saberá como lidar com isso corretamente.
+
+Nesse caso, a função de tarefa gravará em um arquivo (simulando o envio de um e-mail).
+
+E como a operação de gravação não usa `async` e `await`, definimos a função com `def` normal:
+
+```Python hl_lines="6-9"
+{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+## Adicionar a tarefa em segundo plano
+
+Dentro de sua _função de operação de caminho_, passe sua função de tarefa para o objeto _tarefas em segundo plano_ com o método `.add_task()`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="14"
+{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+`.add_task()` recebe como argumentos:
+
+- Uma função de tarefa a ser executada em segundo plano (`write_notification`).
+- Qualquer sequência de argumentos que deve ser passada para a função de tarefa na ordem (`email`).
+- Quaisquer argumentos nomeados que devem ser passados para a função de tarefa (`mensagem = "alguma notificação"`).
+
+## Injeção de dependência
+
+Usar `BackgroundTasks` também funciona com o sistema de injeção de dependência, você pode declarar um parâmetro do tipo `BackgroundTasks` em vários níveis: em uma _função de operação de caminho_, em uma dependência (confiável), em uma subdependência, etc.
+
+O **FastAPI** sabe o que fazer em cada caso e como reutilizar o mesmo objeto, de forma que todas as tarefas em segundo plano sejam mescladas e executadas em segundo plano posteriormente:
+
+```Python hl_lines="13 15 22 25"
+{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py!}
+```
+
+Neste exemplo, as mensagens serão gravadas no arquivo `log.txt` _após_ o envio da resposta.
+
+Se houver uma consulta na solicitação, ela será gravada no log em uma tarefa em segundo plano.
+
+E então outra tarefa em segundo plano gerada na _função de operação de caminho_ escreverá uma mensagem usando o parâmetro de caminho `email`.
+
+## Detalhes técnicos
+
+A classe `BackgroundTasks` vem diretamente de `starlette.background`.
+
+Ela é importada/incluída diretamente no FastAPI para que você possa importá-la do `fastapi` e evitar a importação acidental da alternativa `BackgroundTask` (sem o `s` no final) de `starlette.background`.
+
+Usando apenas `BackgroundTasks` (e não `BackgroundTask`), é então possível usá-la como um parâmetro de _função de operação de caminho_ e deixar o **FastAPI** cuidar do resto para você, assim como ao usar o objeto `Request` diretamente.
+
+Ainda é possível usar `BackgroundTask` sozinho no FastAPI, mas você deve criar o objeto em seu código e retornar uma Starlette `Response` incluindo-o.
+
+Você pode ver mais detalhes na documentação oficiais da Starlette para tarefas em segundo plano .
+
+## Ressalva
+
+Se você precisa realizar cálculos pesados em segundo plano e não necessariamente precisa que seja executado pelo mesmo processo (por exemplo, você não precisa compartilhar memória, variáveis, etc), você pode se beneficiar do uso de outras ferramentas maiores, como Celery .
+
+Eles tendem a exigir configurações mais complexas, um gerenciador de fila de mensagens/tarefas, como RabbitMQ ou Redis, mas permitem que você execute tarefas em segundo plano em vários processos e, especialmente, em vários servidores.
+
+Para ver um exemplo, verifique os [Geradores de projeto](../project-generation.md){.internal-link target=\_blank}, todos incluem celery já configurado.
+
+Mas se você precisa acessar variáveis e objetos do mesmo aplicativo **FastAPI**, ou precisa realizar pequenas tarefas em segundo plano (como enviar uma notificação por e-mail), você pode simplesmente usar `BackgroundTasks`.
+
+## Recapitulando
+
+Importe e use `BackgroundTasks` com parâmetros em _funções de operação de caminho_ e dependências para adicionar tarefas em segundo plano.
diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/body.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/body.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99e05ab77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/body.md
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+# Corpo da Requisição
+
+Quando você precisa enviar dados de um cliente (como de um navegador web) para sua API, você o envia como um **corpo da requisição**.
+
+O corpo da **requisição** é a informação enviada pelo cliente para sua API. O corpo da **resposta** é a informação que sua API envia para o cliente.
+
+Sua API quase sempre irá enviar um corpo na **resposta**. Mas os clientes não necessariamente precisam enviar um corpo em toda **requisição**.
+
+Para declarar um corpo da **requisição**, você utiliza os modelos do Pydantic com todos os seus poderes e benefícios.
+
+!!! info "Informação"
+ Para enviar dados, você deve usar utilizar um dos métodos: `POST` (Mais comum), `PUT`, `DELETE` ou `PATCH`.
+
+ Enviar um corpo em uma requisição `GET` não tem um comportamento definido nas especificações, porém é suportado pelo FastAPI, apenas para casos de uso bem complexos/extremos.
+
+ Como é desencorajado, a documentação interativa com Swagger UI não irá mostrar a documentação para o corpo da requisição para um `GET`, e proxies que intermediarem podem não suportar o corpo da requisição.
+
+## Importe o `BaseModel` do Pydantic
+
+Primeiro, você precisa importar `BaseModel` do `pydantic`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="4"
+{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+## Crie seu modelo de dados
+
+Então você declara seu modelo de dados como uma classe que herda `BaseModel`.
+
+Utilize os tipos Python padrão para todos os atributos:
+
+```Python hl_lines="7-11"
+{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+Assim como quando declaramos parâmetros de consulta, quando um atributo do modelo possui um valor padrão, ele se torna opcional. Caso contrário, se torna obrigatório. Use `None` para torná-lo opcional.
+
+Por exemplo, o modelo acima declara um JSON "`object`" (ou `dict` no Python) como esse:
+
+```JSON
+{
+ "name": "Foo",
+ "description": "Uma descrição opcional",
+ "price": 45.2,
+ "tax": 3.5
+}
+```
+
+...como `description` e `tax` são opcionais (Com um valor padrão de `None`), esse JSON "`object`" também é válido:
+
+```JSON
+{
+ "name": "Foo",
+ "price": 45.2
+}
+```
+
+## Declare como um parâmetro
+
+Para adicionar o corpo na *função de operação de rota*, declare-o da mesma maneira que você declarou parâmetros de rota e consulta:
+
+```Python hl_lines="18"
+{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+...E declare o tipo como o modelo que você criou, `Item`.
+
+## Resultados
+
+Apenas com esse declaração de tipos do Python, o **FastAPI** irá:
+
+* Ler o corpo da requisição como um JSON.
+* Converter os tipos correspondentes (se necessário).
+* Validar os dados.
+ * Se algum dados for inválido, irá retornar um erro bem claro, indicando exatamente onde e o que está incorreto.
+* Entregar a você a informação recebida no parâmetro `item`.
+ * Como você o declarou na função como do tipo `Item`, você também terá o suporte do editor (completação, etc) para todos os atributos e seus tipos.
+* Gerar um Esquema JSON com as definições do seu modelo, você também pode utilizá-lo em qualquer lugar que quiser, se fizer sentido para seu projeto.
+* Esses esquemas farão parte do esquema OpenAPI, e utilizados nas UIs de documentação automática.
+
+## Documentação automática
+
+Os esquemas JSON dos seus modelos farão parte do esquema OpenAPI gerado para sua aplicação, e aparecerão na documentação interativa da API:
+
+
+
+E também serão utilizados em cada *função de operação de rota* que utilizá-los:
+
+
+
+## Suporte do editor de texto:
+
+No seu editor de texto, dentro da função você receberá dicas de tipos e completação em todo lugar (isso não aconteceria se você recebesse um `dict` em vez de um modelo Pydantic):
+
+
+
+Você também poderá receber verificações de erros para operações de tipos incorretas:
+
+
+
+Isso não é por acaso, todo o framework foi construído em volta deste design.
+
+E foi imensamente testado na fase de design, antes de qualquer implementação, para garantir que funcionaria para todos os editores de texto.
+
+Houveram mudanças no próprio Pydantic para que isso fosse possível.
+
+As capturas de tela anteriores foram capturas no Visual Studio Code.
+
+Mas você terá o mesmo suporte do editor no PyCharm e na maioria dos editores Python:
+
+
+
+!!! tip "Dica"
+ Se você utiliza o PyCharm como editor, você pode utilizar o Plugin do Pydantic para o PyCharm .
+
+ Melhora o suporte do editor para seus modelos Pydantic com::
+
+ * completação automática
+ * verificação de tipos
+ * refatoração
+ * buscas
+ * inspeções
+
+## Use o modelo
+
+Dentro da função, você pode acessar todos os atributos do objeto do modelo diretamente:
+
+```Python hl_lines="21"
+{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial002.py!}
+```
+
+## Corpo da requisição + parâmetros de rota
+
+Você pode declarar parâmetros de rota e corpo da requisição ao mesmo tempo.
+
+O **FastAPI** irá reconhecer que os parâmetros da função que combinam com parâmetros de rota devem ser **retirados da rota**, e parâmetros da função que são declarados como modelos Pydantic sejam **retirados do corpo da requisição**.
+
+```Python hl_lines="17-18"
+{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial003.py!}
+```
+
+## Corpo da requisição + parâmetros de rota + parâmetros de consulta
+
+Você também pode declarar parâmetros de **corpo**, **rota** e **consulta**, ao mesmo tempo.
+
+O **FastAPI** irá reconhecer cada um deles e retirar a informação do local correto.
+
+```Python hl_lines="18"
+{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial004.py!}
+```
+
+Os parâmetros da função serão reconhecidos conforme abaixo:
+
+* Se o parâmetro também é declarado na **rota**, será utilizado como um parâmetro de rota.
+* Se o parâmetro é de um **tipo único** (como `int`, `float`, `str`, `bool`, etc) será interpretado como um parâmetro de **consulta**.
+* Se o parâmetro é declarado como um **modelo Pydantic**, será interpretado como o **corpo** da requisição.
+
+!!! note "Observação"
+ O FastAPI saberá que o valor de `q` não é obrigatório por causa do valor padrão `= None`.
+
+ O `Union` em `Union[str, None]` não é utilizado pelo FastAPI, mas permite ao seu editor de texto lhe dar um suporte melhor e detectar erros.
+
+## Sem o Pydantic
+
+Se você não quer utilizar os modelos Pydantic, você também pode utilizar o parâmetro **Body**. Veja a documentação para [Body - Parâmetros múltiplos: Valores singulares no body](body-multiple-params.md#singular-values-in-body){.internal-link target=_blank}.
diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a60e3571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Parâmetros de Cookie
+
+Você pode definir parâmetros de Cookie da mesma maneira que define paramêtros com `Query` e `Path`.
+
+## Importe `Cookie`
+
+Primeiro importe `Cookie`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="3"
+{!../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+## Declare parâmetros de `Cookie`
+
+Então declare os paramêtros de cookie usando a mesma estrutura que em `Path` e `Query`.
+
+O primeiro valor é o valor padrão, você pode passar todas as validações adicionais ou parâmetros de anotação:
+
+```Python hl_lines="9"
+{!../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+!!! note "Detalhes Técnicos"
+ `Cookie` é uma classe "irmã" de `Path` e `Query`. Ela também herda da mesma classe em comum `Param`.
+
+ Mas lembre-se que quando você importa `Query`, `Path`, `Cookie` e outras de `fastapi`, elas são na verdade funções que retornam classes especiais.
+
+!!! info "Informação"
+ Para declarar cookies, você precisa usar `Cookie`, caso contrário, os parâmetros seriam interpretados como parâmetros de consulta.
+
+## Recapitulando
+
+Declare cookies com `Cookie`, usando o mesmo padrão comum que utiliza-se em `Query` e `Path`.
diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4b9913dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# Tipos de dados extras
+
+Até agora, você tem usado tipos de dados comuns, tais como:
+
+* `int`
+* `float`
+* `str`
+* `bool`
+
+Mas você também pode usar tipos de dados mais complexos.
+
+E você ainda terá os mesmos recursos que viu até agora:
+
+* Ótimo suporte do editor.
+* Conversão de dados das requisições recebidas.
+* Conversão de dados para os dados da resposta.
+* Validação de dados.
+* Anotação e documentação automáticas.
+
+## Outros tipos de dados
+
+Aqui estão alguns dos tipos de dados adicionais que você pode usar:
+
+* `UUID`:
+ * Um "Identificador Universalmente Único" padrão, comumente usado como ID em muitos bancos de dados e sistemas.
+ * Em requisições e respostas será representado como uma `str`.
+* `datetime.datetime`:
+ * O `datetime.datetime` do Python.
+ * Em requisições e respostas será representado como uma `str` no formato ISO 8601, exemplo: `2008-09-15T15:53:00+05:00`.
+* `datetime.date`:
+ * O `datetime.date` do Python.
+ * Em requisições e respostas será representado como uma `str` no formato ISO 8601, exemplo: `2008-09-15`.
+* `datetime.time`:
+ * O `datetime.time` do Python.
+ * Em requisições e respostas será representado como uma `str` no formato ISO 8601, exemplo: `14:23:55.003`.
+* `datetime.timedelta`:
+ * O `datetime.timedelta` do Python.
+ * Em requisições e respostas será representado como um `float` de segundos totais.
+ * O Pydantic também permite representá-lo como uma "codificação ISO 8601 diferença de tempo", cheque a documentação para mais informações.
+* `frozenset`:
+ * Em requisições e respostas, será tratado da mesma forma que um `set`:
+ * Nas requisições, uma lista será lida, eliminando duplicadas e convertendo-a em um `set`.
+ * Nas respostas, o `set` será convertido para uma `list`.
+ * O esquema gerado vai especificar que os valores do `set` são unicos (usando o `uniqueItems` do JSON Schema).
+* `bytes`:
+ * O `bytes` padrão do Python.
+ * Em requisições e respostas será representado como uma `str`.
+ * O esquema gerado vai especificar que é uma `str` com o "formato" `binary`.
+* `Decimal`:
+ * O `Decimal` padrão do Python.
+ * Em requisições e respostas será representado como um `float`.
+* Você pode checar todos os tipos de dados válidos do Pydantic aqui: Tipos de dados do Pydantic.
+
+## Exemplo
+
+Aqui está um exemplo de *operação de rota* com parâmetros utilizando-se de alguns dos tipos acima.
+
+```Python hl_lines="1 3 12-16"
+{!../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!}
+```
+
+Note que os parâmetros dentro da função tem seu tipo de dados natural, e você pode, por exemplo, realizar manipulações normais de data, como:
+
+```Python hl_lines="18-19"
+{!../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!}
+```
diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-params.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-params.md
index 20913a564..5de3756ed 100644
--- a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-params.md
+++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-params.md
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ O mesmo erro apareceria se você tivesse fornecido um `float` ao invés de um `i
## Documentação
-Quando você abrir o seu navegador em http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs, você verá de forma automática e interativa a documtação da API como:
+Quando você abrir o seu navegador em http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs, você verá de forma automática e interativa a documentação da API como:
diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md
index baac5f493..9a9e071db 100644
--- a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md
+++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md
@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ Vamos utilizar essa aplicação como exemplo:
{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py!}
```
-O parâmetro de consulta `q` é do tipo `Optional[str]`, o que significa que é do tipo `str` mas que também pode ser `None`, e de fato, o valor padrão é `None`, então o FastAPI saberá que não é obrigatório.
+O parâmetro de consulta `q` é do tipo `Union[str, None]`, o que significa que é do tipo `str` mas que também pode ser `None`, e de fato, o valor padrão é `None`, então o FastAPI saberá que não é obrigatório.
!!! note "Observação"
O FastAPI saberá que o valor de `q` não é obrigatório por causa do valor padrão `= None`.
- O `Optional` em `Optional[str]` não é usado pelo FastAPI, mas permitirá que seu editor lhe dê um melhor suporte e detecte erros.
+ O `Union` em `Union[str, None]` não é usado pelo FastAPI, mas permitirá que seu editor lhe dê um melhor suporte e detecte erros.
## Validação adicional
@@ -35,18 +35,18 @@ Agora utilize-o como valor padrão do seu parâmetro, definindo o parâmetro `ma
{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!}
```
-Note que substituímos o valor padrão de `None` para `Query(None)`, o primeiro parâmetro de `Query` serve para o mesmo propósito: definir o valor padrão do parâmetro.
+Note que substituímos o valor padrão de `None` para `Query(default=None)`, o primeiro parâmetro de `Query` serve para o mesmo propósito: definir o valor padrão do parâmetro.
Então:
```Python
-q: Optional[str] = Query(None)
+q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None)
```
...Torna o parâmetro opcional, da mesma maneira que:
```Python
-q: Optional[str] = None
+q: Union[str, None] = None
```
Mas o declara explicitamente como um parâmetro de consulta.
@@ -61,17 +61,17 @@ Mas o declara explicitamente como um parâmetro de consulta.
Ou com:
```Python
- = Query(None)
+ = Query(default=None)
```
E irá utilizar o `None` para detectar que o parâmetro de consulta não é obrigatório.
- O `Optional` é apenas para permitir que seu editor de texto lhe dê um melhor suporte.
+ O `Union` é apenas para permitir que seu editor de texto lhe dê um melhor suporte.
Então, podemos passar mais parâmetros para `Query`. Neste caso, o parâmetro `max_length` que se aplica a textos:
```Python
-q: str = Query(None, max_length=50)
+q: str = Query(default=None, max_length=50)
```
Isso irá validar os dados, mostrar um erro claro quando os dados forem inválidos, e documentar o parâmetro na *operação de rota* do esquema OpenAPI..
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Isso irá validar os dados, mostrar um erro claro quando os dados forem inválid
Você também pode incluir um parâmetro `min_length`:
-```Python hl_lines="9"
+```Python hl_lines="10"
{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003.py!}
```
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Você também pode incluir um parâmetro `min_length`:
Você pode definir uma expressão regular que combine com um padrão esperado pelo parâmetro:
-```Python hl_lines="10"
+```Python hl_lines="11"
{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004.py!}
```
@@ -126,13 +126,13 @@ q: str
em vez desta:
```Python
-q: Optional[str] = None
+q: Union[str, None] = None
```
Mas agora nós o estamos declarando como `Query`, conforme abaixo:
```Python
-q: Optional[str] = Query(None, min_length=3)
+q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, min_length=3)
```
Então, quando você precisa declarar um parâmetro obrigatório utilizando o `Query`, você pode utilizar `...` como o primeiro argumento:
diff --git a/docs/pt/mkdocs.yml b/docs/pt/mkdocs.yml
index 4861602e4..2bb0b568d 100644
--- a/docs/pt/mkdocs.yml
+++ b/docs/pt/mkdocs.yml
@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ theme:
name: material
custom_dir: overrides
palette:
- - scheme: default
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+ scheme: default
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
icon: material/lightbulb
name: Switch to light mode
- - scheme: slate
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+ scheme: slate
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
@@ -60,8 +62,11 @@ nav:
- tutorial/index.md
- tutorial/first-steps.md
- tutorial/path-params.md
+ - tutorial/body.md
- tutorial/body-fields.md
+ - tutorial/extra-data-types.md
- tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md
+ - tutorial/cookie-params.md
- Segurança:
- tutorial/security/index.md
- Guia de Usuário Avançado:
@@ -70,10 +75,12 @@ nav:
- deployment/index.md
- deployment/versions.md
- deployment/https.md
+ - deployment/deta.md
- alternatives.md
- history-design-future.md
- external-links.md
- benchmarks.md
+- help-fastapi.md
markdown_extensions:
- toc:
permalink: true
diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/async.md b/docs/ru/docs/async.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4c44fc22d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/ru/docs/async.md
@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+# Конкурентность и async / await
+
+Здесь приведена подробная информация об использовании синтаксиса `async def` при написании *функций обработки пути*, а также рассмотрены основы асинхронного программирования, конкурентности и параллелизма.
+
+## Нет времени?
+
+TL;DR:
+
+Допустим, вы используете сторонюю библиотеку, которая требует вызова с ключевым словом `await`:
+
+```Python
+results = await some_library()
+```
+
+В этом случае *функции обработки пути* необходимо объявлять с использованием синтаксиса `async def`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="2"
+@app.get('/')
+async def read_results():
+ results = await some_library()
+ return results
+```
+
+!!! note
+ `await` можно использовать только внутри функций, объявленных с использованием `async def`.
+
+---
+
+Если вы обращаетесь к сторонней библиотеке, которая с чем-то взаимодействует
+(с базой данных, API, файловой системой и т. д.), и не имеет поддержки синтаксиса `await`
+(что относится сейчас к большинству библиотек для работы с базами данных), то
+объявляйте *функции обработки пути* обычным образом с помощью `def`, например:
+
+```Python hl_lines="2"
+@app.get('/')
+def results():
+ results = some_library()
+ return results
+```
+
+---
+
+Если вашему приложению (странным образом) не нужно ни с чем взаимодействовать и, соответственно,
+ожидать ответа, используйте `async def`.
+
+---
+
+Если вы не уверены, используйте обычный синтаксис `def`.
+
+---
+
+**Примечание**: при необходимости можно смешивать `def` и `async def` в *функциях обработки пути*
+и использовать в каждом случае наиболее подходящий синтаксис. А FastAPI сделает с этим всё, что нужно.
+
+В любом из описанных случаев FastAPI работает асинхронно и очень быстро.
+
+Однако придерживаясь указанных советов, можно получить дополнительную оптимизацию производительности.
+
+## Технические подробности
+
+Современные версии Python поддерживают разработку так называемого **"асинхронного кода"** посредством написания **"сопрограмм"** с использованием синтаксиса **`async` и `await`**.
+
+Ниже разберём эту фразу по частям:
+
+* **Асинхронный код**
+* **`async` и `await`**
+* **Сопрограммы**
+
+## Асинхронный код
+
+Асинхронный код означает, что в языке 💬 есть возможность сообщить машине / программе 🤖,
+что в определённой точке кода ей 🤖 нужно будет ожидать завершения выполнения *чего-то ещё* в другом месте. Допустим это *что-то ещё* называется "медленный файл" 📝.
+
+И пока мы ждём завершения работы с "медленным файлом" 📝, компьютер может переключиться для выполнения других задач.
+
+Но при каждой возможности компьютер / программа 🤖 будет возвращаться обратно. Например, если он 🤖 опять окажется в режиме ожидания, или когда закончит всю работу. В этом случае компьютер 🤖 проверяет, не завершена ли какая-нибудь из текущих задач.
+
+Потом он 🤖 берёт первую выполненную задачу (допустим, наш "медленный файл" 📝) и продолжает работу, производя с ней необходимые действия.
+
+Вышеупомянутое "что-то ещё", завершения которого приходится ожидать, обычно относится к достаточно "медленным" операциям I/O (по сравнению со скоростью работы процессора и оперативной памяти), например:
+
+* отправка данных от клиента по сети
+* получение клиентом данных, отправленных вашей программой по сети
+* чтение системой содержимого файла с диска и передача этих данных программе
+* запись на диск данных, которые программа передала системе
+* обращение к удалённому API
+* ожидание завершения операции с базой данных
+* получение результатов запроса к базе данных
+* и т. д.
+
+Поскольку в основном время тратится на ожидание выполнения операций I/O,
+их обычно называют операциями, ограниченными скоростью ввода-вывода.
+
+Код называют "асинхронным", потому что компьютеру / программе не требуется "синхронизироваться" с медленной задачей и,
+будучи в простое, ожидать момента её завершения, с тем чтобы забрать результат и продолжить работу.
+
+Вместо этого в "асинхронной" системе завершённая задача может немного подождать (буквально несколько микросекунд),
+пока компьютер / программа занимается другими важными вещами, с тем чтобы потом вернуться,
+забрать результаты выполнения и начать их обрабатывать.
+
+"Синхронное" исполнение (в противовес "асинхронному") также называют "последовательным",
+потому что компьютер / программа последовательно выполняет все требуемые шаги перед тем, как перейти к следующей задаче,
+даже если в процессе приходится ждать.
+
+### Конкурентность и бургеры
+
+Тот **асинхронный** код, о котором идёт речь выше, иногда называют **"конкурентностью"**. Она отличается от **"параллелизма"**.
+
+Да, **конкурентность** и **параллелизм** подразумевают, что разные вещи происходят примерно в одно время.
+
+Но внутреннее устройство **конкурентности** и **параллелизма** довольно разное.
+
+Чтобы это понять, представьте такую картину:
+
+### Конкурентные бургеры
+
+
+
+Вы идёте со своей возлюбленной 😍 в фастфуд 🍔 и становитесь в очередь, в это время кассир 💁 принимает заказы у посетителей перед вами.
+
+Когда наконец подходит очередь, вы заказываете парочку самых вкусных и навороченных бургеров 🍔, один для своей возлюбленной 😍, а другой себе.
+
+Отдаёте деньги 💸.
+
+Кассир 💁 что-то говорит поварам на кухне 👨🍳, теперь они знают, какие бургеры нужно будет приготовить 🍔
+(но пока они заняты бургерами предыдущих клиентов).
+
+Кассир 💁 отдаёт вам чек с номером заказа.
+
+В ожидании еды вы идёте со своей возлюбленной 😍 выбрать столик, садитесь и довольно продолжительное время общаетесь 😍
+(поскольку ваши бургеры самые навороченные, готовятся они не так быстро ✨🍔✨).
+
+Сидя за столиком с возлюбленной 😍 в ожидании бургеров 🍔, вы отлично проводите время,
+восхищаясь её великолепием, красотой и умом ✨😍✨.
+
+Всё ещё ожидая заказ и болтая со своей возлюбленной 😍, время от времени вы проверяете,
+какой номер горит над прилавком, и не подошла ли уже ваша очередь.
+
+И вот наконец настаёт этот момент, и вы идёте к стойке, чтобы забрать бургеры 🍔 и вернуться за столик.
+
+Вы со своей возлюбленной 😍 едите бургеры 🍔 и отлично проводите время ✨.
+
+---
+
+А теперь представьте, что в этой небольшой истории вы компьютер / программа 🤖.
+
+В очереди вы просто глазеете по сторонам 😴, ждёте и ничего особо "продуктивного" не делаете.
+Но очередь движется довольно быстро, поскольку кассир 💁 только принимает заказы (а не занимается приготовлением еды), так что ничего страшного.
+
+Когда подходит очередь вы наконец предпринимаете "продуктивные" действия 🤓: просматриваете меню, выбираете в нём что-то, узнаёте, что хочет ваша возлюбленная 😍, собираетесь оплатить 💸, смотрите, какую достали карту, проверяете, чтобы с вас списали верную сумму, и что в заказе всё верно и т. д.
+
+И хотя вы всё ещё не получили бургеры 🍔, ваша работа с кассиром 💁 ставится "на паузу" ⏸,
+поскольку теперь нужно ждать 🕙, когда заказ приготовят.
+
+Но отойдя с номерком от прилавка, вы садитесь за столик и можете переключить 🔀 внимание
+на свою возлюбленную 😍 и "работать" ⏯ 🤓 уже над этим. И вот вы снова очень
+"продуктивны" 🤓, мило болтаете вдвоём и всё такое 😍.
+
+В какой-то момент кассир 💁 поместит на табло ваш номер, подразумевая, что бургеры готовы 🍔, но вы не станете подскакивать как умалишённый, лишь только увидев на экране свою очередь. Вы уверены, что ваши бургеры 🍔 никто не утащит, ведь у вас свой номерок, а у других свой.
+
+Поэтому вы подождёте, пока возлюбленная 😍 закончит рассказывать историю (закончите текущую работу ⏯ / задачу в обработке 🤓),
+и мило улыбнувшись, скажете, что идёте забирать заказ ⏸.
+
+И вот вы подходите к стойке 🔀, к первоначальной задаче, которая уже завершена ⏯, берёте бургеры 🍔, говорите спасибо и относите заказ за столик. На этом заканчивается этап / задача взаимодействия с кассой ⏹.
+В свою очередь порождается задача "поедание бургеров" 🔀 ⏯, но предыдущая ("получение бургеров") завершена ⏹.
+
+### Параллельные бургеры
+
+Теперь представим, что вместо бургерной "Конкурентные бургеры" вы решили сходить в "Параллельные бургеры".
+
+И вот вы идёте со своей возлюбленной 😍 отведать параллельного фастфуда 🍔.
+
+Вы становитесь в очередь пока несколько (пусть будет 8) кассиров, которые по совместительству ещё и повары 👩🍳👨🍳👩🍳👨🍳👩🍳👨🍳👩🍳👨🍳, принимают заказы у посетителей перед вами.
+
+При этом клиенты не отходят от стойки и ждут 🕙 получения еды, поскольку каждый
+из 8 кассиров идёт на кухню готовить бургеры 🍔, а только потом принимает следующий заказ.
+
+Наконец настаёт ваша очередь, и вы просите два самых навороченных бургера 🍔, один для дамы сердца 😍, а другой себе.
+
+Ни о чём не жалея, расплачиваетесь 💸.
+
+И кассир уходит на кухню 👨🍳.
+
+Вам приходится ждать перед стойкой 🕙, чтобы никто по случайности не забрал ваши бургеры 🍔, ведь никаких номерков у вас нет.
+
+Поскольку вы с возлюбленной 😍 хотите получить заказ вовремя 🕙, и следите за тем, чтобы никто не вклинился в очередь,
+у вас не получается уделять должного внимание своей даме сердца 😞.
+
+Это "синхронная" работа, вы "синхронизированы" с кассиром/поваром 👨🍳. Приходится ждать 🕙 у стойки,
+когда кассир/повар 👨🍳 закончит делать бургеры 🍔 и вручит вам заказ, иначе его случайно может забрать кто-то другой.
+
+Наконец кассир/повар 👨🍳 возвращается с бургерами 🍔 после невыносимо долгого ожидания 🕙 за стойкой.
+
+Вы скорее забираете заказ 🍔 и идёте с возлюбленной 😍 за столик.
+
+Там вы просто едите эти бургеры, и на этом всё 🍔 ⏹.
+
+Вам не особо удалось пообщаться, потому что большую часть времени 🕙 пришлось провести у кассы 😞.
+
+---
+
+В описанном сценарии вы компьютер / программа 🤖 с двумя исполнителями (вы и ваша возлюбленная 😍),
+на протяжении долгого времени 🕙 вы оба уделяете всё внимание ⏯ задаче "ждать на кассе".
+
+В этом ресторане быстрого питания 8 исполнителей (кассиров/поваров) 👩🍳👨🍳👩🍳👨🍳👩🍳👨🍳👩🍳👨🍳.
+Хотя в бургерной конкурентного типа было всего два (один кассир и один повар) 💁 👨🍳.
+
+Несмотря на обилие работников, опыт в итоге получился не из лучших 😞.
+
+---
+
+Так бы выглядел аналог истории про бургерную 🍔 в "параллельном" мире.
+
+Вот более реалистичный пример. Представьте себе банк.
+
+До недавних пор в большинстве банков было несколько кассиров 👨💼👨💼👨💼👨💼 и длинные очереди 🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙.
+
+Каждый кассир обслуживал одного клиента, потом следующего 👨💼⏯.
+
+Нужно было долгое время 🕙 стоять перед окошком вместе со всеми, иначе пропустишь свою очередь.
+
+Сомневаюсь, что у вас бы возникло желание прийти с возлюбленной 😍 в банк 🏦 оплачивать налоги.
+
+### Выводы о бургерах
+
+В нашей истории про поход в фастфуд за бургерами приходится много ждать 🕙,
+поэтому имеет смысл организовать конкурентную систему ⏸🔀⏯.
+
+И то же самое с большинством веб-приложений.
+
+Пользователей очень много, но ваш сервер всё равно вынужден ждать 🕙 запросы по их слабому интернет-соединению.
+
+Потом снова ждать 🕙, пока вернётся ответ.
+
+
+Это ожидание 🕙 измеряется микросекундами, но если всё сложить, то набегает довольно много времени.
+
+Вот почему есть смысл использовать асинхронное ⏸🔀⏯ программирование при построении веб-API.
+
+Большинство популярных фреймворков (включая Flask и Django) создавались
+до появления в Python новых возможностей асинхронного программирования. Поэтому
+их можно разворачивать с поддержкой параллельного исполнения или асинхронного
+программирования старого типа, которое не настолько эффективно.
+
+При том, что основная спецификация асинхронного взаимодействия Python с веб-сервером
+(ASGI)
+была разработана командой Django для внедрения поддержки веб-сокетов.
+
+Именно асинхронность сделала NodeJS таким популярным (несмотря на то, что он не параллельный),
+и в этом преимущество Go как языка программирования.
+
+И тот же уровень производительности даёт **FastAPI**.
+
+Поскольку можно использовать преимущества параллелизма и асинхронности вместе,
+вы получаете производительность лучше, чем у большинства протестированных NodeJS фреймворков
+и на уровне с Go, который является компилируемым языком близким к C (всё благодаря Starlette).
+
+### Получается, конкурентность лучше параллелизма?
+
+Нет! Мораль истории совсем не в этом.
+
+Конкурентность отличается от параллелизма. Она лучше в **конкретных** случаях, где много времени приходится на ожидание.
+Вот почему она зачастую лучше параллелизма при разработке веб-приложений. Но это не значит, что конкурентность лучше в любых сценариях.
+
+Давайте посмотрим с другой стороны, представьте такую картину:
+
+> Вам нужно убраться в большом грязном доме.
+
+*Да, это вся история*.
+
+---
+
+Тут не нужно нигде ждать 🕙, просто есть куча работы в разных частях дома.
+
+Можно организовать очередь как в примере с бургерами, сначала гостиная, потом кухня,
+но это ни на что не повлияет, поскольку вы нигде не ждёте 🕙, а просто трёте да моете.
+
+И понадобится одинаковое количество времени с очередью (конкурентностью) и без неё,
+и работы будет сделано тоже одинаковое количество.
+
+Однако в случае, если бы вы могли привести 8 бывших кассиров/поваров, а ныне уборщиков 👩🍳👨🍳👩🍳👨🍳👩🍳👨🍳👩🍳👨🍳,
+и каждый из них (вместе с вами) взялся бы за свой участок дома,
+с такой помощью вы бы закончили намного быстрее, делая всю работу **параллельно**.
+
+В описанном сценарии каждый уборщик (включая вас) был бы исполнителем, занятым на своём участке работы.
+
+И поскольку большую часть времени выполнения занимает реальная работа (а не ожидание),
+а работу в компьютере делает ЦП,
+такие задачи называют ограниченными производительностью процессора.
+
+---
+
+Ограничение по процессору проявляется в операциях, где требуется выполнять сложные математические вычисления.
+
+Например:
+
+* Обработка **звука** или **изображений**.
+* **Компьютерное зрение**: изображение состоит из миллионов пикселей, в каждом пикселе 3 составляющих цвета,
+обработка обычно требует проведения расчётов по всем пикселям сразу.
+* **Машинное обучение**: здесь обычно требуется умножение "матриц" и "векторов".
+Представьте гигантскую таблицу с числами в Экселе, и все их надо одновременно перемножить.
+* **Глубокое обучение**: это область *машинного обучения*, поэтому сюда подходит то же описание.
+Просто у вас будет не одна таблица в Экселе, а множество. В ряде случаев используется
+специальный процессор для создания и / или использования построенных таким образом моделей.
+
+### Конкурентность + параллелизм: Веб + машинное обучение
+
+**FastAPI** предоставляет возможности конкуретного программирования,
+которое очень распространено в веб-разработке (именно этим славится NodeJS).
+
+Кроме того вы сможете использовать все преимущества параллелизма и
+многопроцессорности (когда несколько процессов работают параллельно),
+если рабочая нагрузка предполагает **ограничение по процессору**,
+как, например, в системах машинного обучения.
+
+Необходимо также отметить, что Python является главным языком в области
+**дата-сайенс**,
+машинного обучения и, особенно, глубокого обучения. Всё это делает FastAPI
+отличным вариантом (среди многих других) для разработки веб-API и приложений
+в области дата-сайенс / машинного обучения.
+
+Как добиться такого параллелизма в эксплуатации описано в разделе [Развёртывание](deployment/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
+
+## `async` и `await`
+
+В современных версиях Python разработка асинхронного кода реализована очень интуитивно.
+Он выглядит как обычный "последовательный" код и самостоятельно выполняет "ожидание", когда это необходимо.
+
+Если некая операция требует ожидания перед тем, как вернуть результат, и
+поддерживает современные возможности Python, код можно написать следующим образом:
+
+```Python
+burgers = await get_burgers(2)
+```
+
+Главное здесь слово `await`. Оно сообщает интерпретатору, что необходимо дождаться ⏸
+пока `get_burgers(2)` закончит свои дела 🕙, и только после этого сохранить результат в `burgers`.
+Зная это, Python может пока переключиться на выполнение других задач 🔀 ⏯
+(например получение следующего запроса).
+
+Чтобы ключевое слово `await` сработало, оно должно находиться внутри функции,
+которая поддерживает асинхронность. Для этого вам просто нужно объявить её как `async def`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="1"
+async def get_burgers(number: int):
+ # Готовим бургеры по специальному асинхронному рецепту
+ return burgers
+```
+
+...вместо `def`:
+
+```Python hl_lines="2"
+# Это не асинхронный код
+def get_sequential_burgers(number: int):
+ # Готовим бургеры последовательно по шагам
+ return burgers
+```
+
+Объявление `async def` указывает интерпретатору, что внутри этой функции
+следует ожидать выражений `await`, и что можно поставить выполнение такой функции на "паузу" ⏸ и
+переключиться на другие задачи 🔀, с тем чтобы вернуться сюда позже.
+
+Если вы хотите вызвать функцию с `async def`, вам нужно "ожидать" её.
+Поэтому такое не сработает:
+
+```Python
+# Это не заработает, поскольку get_burgers объявлена с использованием async def
+burgers = get_burgers(2)
+```
+
+---
+
+Если сторонняя библиотека требует вызывать её с ключевым словом `await`,
+необходимо писать *функции обработки пути* с использованием `async def`, например:
+
+```Python hl_lines="2-3"
+@app.get('/burgers')
+async def read_burgers():
+ burgers = await get_burgers(2)
+ return burgers
+```
+
+### Технические подробности
+
+Как вы могли заметить, `await` может применяться только в функциях, объявленных с использованием `async def`.
+
+
+Но выполнение такой функции необходимо "ожидать" с помощью `await`.
+Это означает, что её можно вызвать только из другой функции, которая тоже объявлена с `async def`.
+
+Но как же тогда появилась первая курица? В смысле... как нам вызвать первую асинхронную функцию?
+
+При работе с **FastAPI** просто не думайте об этом, потому что "первой" функцией является ваша *функция обработки пути*,
+и дальше с этим разберётся FastAPI.
+
+Кроме того, если хотите, вы можете использовать синтаксис `async` / `await` и без FastAPI.
+
+### Пишите свой асинхронный код
+
+Starlette (и **FastAPI**) основаны на AnyIO, что делает их совместимыми как со стандартной библиотекой asyncio в Python, так и с Trio.
+
+В частности, вы можете напрямую использовать AnyIO в тех проектах, где требуется более сложная логика работы с конкурентностью.
+
+Даже если вы не используете FastAPI, вы можете писать асинхронные приложения с помощью AnyIO, чтобы они были максимально совместимыми и получали его преимущества (например *структурную конкурентность*).
+
+### Другие виды асинхронного программирования
+
+Стиль написания кода с `async` и `await` появился в языке Python относительно недавно.
+
+Но он сильно облегчает работу с асинхронным кодом.
+
+Ровно такой же синтаксис (ну или почти такой же) недавно был включён в современные версии JavaScript (в браузере и NodeJS).
+
+До этого поддержка асинхронного кода была реализована намного сложнее, и его было труднее воспринимать.
+
+В предыдущих версиях Python для этого использовались потоки или Gevent. Но такой код намного сложнее понимать, отлаживать и мысленно представлять.
+
+Что касается JavaScript (в браузере и NodeJS), раньше там использовали для этой цели
+"обратные вызовы". Что выливалось в
+ад обратных вызовов.
+
+## Сопрограммы
+
+**Корути́на** (или же сопрограмма) — это крутое словечко для именования той сущности,
+которую возвращает функция `async def`. Python знает, что её можно запустить, как и обычную функцию,
+но кроме того сопрограмму можно поставить на паузу ⏸ в том месте, где встретится слово `await`.
+
+Всю функциональность асинхронного программирования с использованием `async` и `await`
+часто обобщают словом "корутины". Они аналогичны "горутинам", ключевой особенности
+языка Go.
+
+## Заключение
+
+В самом начале была такая фраза:
+
+> Современные версии Python поддерживают разработку так называемого
+**"асинхронного кода"** посредством написания **"сопрограмм"** с использованием
+синтаксиса **`async` и `await`**.
+
+Теперь всё должно звучать понятнее. ✨
+
+На этом основана работа FastAPI (посредством Starlette), и именно это
+обеспечивает его высокую производительность.
+
+## Очень технические подробности
+
+!!! warning
+ Этот раздел читать не обязательно.
+
+ Здесь приводятся подробности внутреннего устройства **FastAPI**.
+
+ Но если вы обладаете техническими знаниями (корутины, потоки, блокировка и т. д.)
+ и вам интересно, как FastAPI обрабатывает `async def` в отличие от обычных `def`,
+ читайте дальше.
+
+### Функции обработки пути
+
+Когда вы объявляете *функцию обработки пути* обычным образом с ключевым словом `def`
+вместо `async def`, FastAPI ожидает её выполнения, запустив функцию во внешнем
+пуле потоков, а не напрямую (это бы заблокировало сервер).
+
+Если ранее вы использовали другой асинхронный фреймворк, который работает иначе,
+и привыкли объявлять простые вычислительные *функции* через `def` ради
+незначительного прироста скорости (порядка 100 наносекунд), обратите внимание,
+что с **FastAPI** вы получите противоположный эффект. В таком случае больше подходит
+`async def`, если только *функция обработки пути* не использует код, приводящий
+к блокировке I/O.
+
+
+
+Но в любом случае велика вероятность, что **FastAPI** [окажется быстрее](/#performance){.internal-link target=_blank}
+другого фреймворка (или хотя бы на уровне с ним).
+
+### Зависимости
+
+То же относится к зависимостям. Если это обычная функция `def`, а не `async def`,
+она запускается во внешнем пуле потоков.
+
+### Подзависимости
+
+Вы можете объявить множество ссылающихся друг на друга зависимостей и подзависимостей
+(в виде параметров при определении функции). Какие-то будут созданы с помощью `async def`,
+другие обычным образом через `def`, и такая схема вполне работоспособна. Функции,
+объявленные с помощью `def` будут запускаться на внешнем потоке (из пула),
+а не с помощью `await`.
+
+### Другие служебные функции
+
+Любые другие служебные функции, которые вы вызываете напрямую, можно объявлять
+с использованием `def` или `async def`. FastAPI не будет влиять на то, как вы
+их запускаете.
+
+Этим они отличаются от функций, которые FastAPI вызывает самостоятельно:
+*функции обработки пути* и зависимости.
+
+Если служебная функция объявлена с помощью `def`, она будет вызвана напрямую
+(как вы и написали в коде), а не в отдельном потоке. Если же она объявлена с
+помощью `async def`, её вызов должен осуществляться с ожиданием через `await`.
+
+---
+
+
+Ещё раз повторим, что все эти технические подробности полезны, только если вы специально их искали.
+
+В противном случае просто ознакомьтесь с основными принципами в разделе выше: Нет времени?.
diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/index.md b/docs/ru/docs/index.md
index 0c2506b87..9a3957d5f 100644
--- a/docs/ru/docs/index.md
+++ b/docs/ru/docs/index.md
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ $ pip install uvicorn[standard]
* Create a file `main.py` with:
```Python
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
```Python hl_lines="9 14"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ async def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.
Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.
```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ app = FastAPI()
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
price: float
- is_offer: Optional[bool] = None
+ is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None
@app.get("/")
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ And now, go to requests - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
-* aiofiles - Required if you want to use `FileResponse` or `StaticFiles`.
* jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
* python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with `request.form()`.
* itsdangerous - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.
diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/python-types.md b/docs/ru/docs/python-types.md
index 99670363c..7523083c8 100644
--- a/docs/ru/docs/python-types.md
+++ b/docs/ru/docs/python-types.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# Введение в аннотации типов Python
-Python имеет поддержку необязательных аннотаций типов.
+Python имеет поддержку необязательных аннотаций типов.
**Аннотации типов** являются специальным синтаксисом, который позволяет определять тип переменной.
diff --git a/docs/ru/mkdocs.yml b/docs/ru/mkdocs.yml
index 213f941d7..bb0702489 100644
--- a/docs/ru/mkdocs.yml
+++ b/docs/ru/mkdocs.yml
@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ theme:
name: material
custom_dir: overrides
palette:
- - scheme: default
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+ scheme: default
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
icon: material/lightbulb
name: Switch to light mode
- - scheme: slate
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+ scheme: slate
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
@@ -54,6 +56,7 @@ nav:
- tr: /tr/
- uk: /uk/
- zh: /zh/
+- async.md
markdown_extensions:
- toc:
permalink: true
diff --git a/docs/sq/docs/index.md b/docs/sq/docs/index.md
index 95fb7ae21..29f92e020 100644
--- a/docs/sq/docs/index.md
+++ b/docs/sq/docs/index.md
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ $ pip install uvicorn[standard]
* Create a file `main.py` with:
```Python
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
```Python hl_lines="9 14"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ async def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.
Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.
```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ app = FastAPI()
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
price: float
- is_offer: Optional[bool] = None
+ is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None
@app.get("/")
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ And now, go to requests - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
-* aiofiles - Required if you want to use `FileResponse` or `StaticFiles`.
* jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
* python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with `request.form()`.
* itsdangerous - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.
diff --git a/docs/sq/mkdocs.yml b/docs/sq/mkdocs.yml
index a61f49bc9..8914395fe 100644
--- a/docs/sq/mkdocs.yml
+++ b/docs/sq/mkdocs.yml
@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ theme:
name: material
custom_dir: overrides
palette:
- - scheme: default
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+ scheme: default
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
icon: material/lightbulb
name: Switch to light mode
- - scheme: slate
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+ scheme: slate
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/features.md b/docs/tr/docs/features.md
index c06c27c16..0bcda4e9c 100644
--- a/docs/tr/docs/features.md
+++ b/docs/tr/docs/features.md
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
### Açık standartları temel alır
-* API oluşturma işlemlerinde OpenAPI buna path operasyonları parametreleri, body talebi, güvenlik gibi şeyler dahil olmak üzere deklare bunların deklare edilmesi.
+* API oluşturma işlemlerinde OpenAPI buna path operasyonları parametreleri, body talebi, güvenlik gibi şeyler dahil olmak üzere deklare bunların deklare edilmesi.
* Otomatik olarak data modelinin JSON Schema ile beraber dokümante edilmesi (OpenAPI'n kendisi zaten JSON Schema'ya dayanıyor).
* Titiz bir çalışmanın sonucunda yukarıdaki standartlara uygun bir framework oluşturduk. Standartları pastanın üzerine sonradan eklenmiş bir çilek olarak görmedik.
* Ayrıca bu bir çok dilde kullanılabilecek **client code generator** kullanımına da izin veriyor.
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ my_second_user: User = User(**second_user_data)
### Editor desteği
-Bütün framework kullanılması kolay ve sezgileri güçlü olması için tasarlandı, verilen bütün kararlar geliştiricilere en iyi geliştirme deneyimini yaşatmak üzere, bir çok editör üzerinde test edildi.
+Bütün framework kullanılması kolay ve sezgileri güçlü olması için tasarlandı, verilen bütün kararlar geliştiricilere en iyi geliştirme deneyimini yaşatmak üzere, bir çok editör üzerinde test edildi.
Son yapılan Python geliştiricileri anketinde, açık ara en çok kullanılan özellik "oto-tamamlama" idi..
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ Bütün güvenlik şemaları OpenAPI'da tanımlanmış durumda, kapsadıkları:
Bütün güvenlik özellikleri Starlette'den geliyor (**session cookies'de** dahil olmak üzere).
-Bütün hepsi tekrardan kullanılabilir aletler ve bileşenler olarak, kolayca sistemlerinize, data depolarınıza, ilişkisel ve NoSQL databaselerinize entegre edebileceğiniz şekilde yapıldı.
+Bütün hepsi tekrardan kullanılabilir aletler ve bileşenler olarak, kolayca sistemlerinize, data depolarınıza, ilişkisel ve NoSQL databaselerinize entegre edebileceğiniz şekilde yapıldı.
### Dependency injection
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ Aynı şekilde, databaseden gelen objeyi de **direkt olarak isteğe** de tamamiy
* Kullandığın geliştirme araçları ile iyi çalışır **IDE/linter/brain**:
* Pydantic'in veri yapıları aslında sadece senin tanımladığın classlar; Bu yüzden doğrulanmış dataların ile otomatik tamamlama, linting ve mypy'ı kullanarak sorunsuz bir şekilde çalışabilirsin
* **Hızlı**:
- * Benchmarklarda, Pydantic'in diğer bütün test edilmiş bütün kütüphanelerden daha hızlı.
+ * Benchmarklarda, Pydantic'in diğer bütün test edilmiş bütün kütüphanelerden daha hızlı.
* **En kompleks** yapıları bile doğrula:
* Hiyerarşik Pydantic modellerinin kullanımı ile beraber, Python `typing`’s `List` and `Dict`, vs gibi şeyleri doğrula.
* Doğrulayıcılar en kompleks data şemalarının bile temiz ve kolay bir şekilde tanımlanmasına izin veriyor, ve hepsi JSON şeması olarak dokümante ediliyor
@@ -206,4 +206,3 @@ Aynı şekilde, databaseden gelen objeyi de **direkt olarak isteğe** de tamamiy
* **Genişletilebilir**:
* Pydantic özelleştirilmiş data tiplerinin tanımlanmasının yapılmasına izin veriyor ayrıca validator decoratorü ile senin doğrulamaları genişletip, kendi doğrulayıcılarını yazmana izin veriyor.
* 100% test kapsayıcılığı.
-
diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/index.md b/docs/tr/docs/index.md
index 88660f7eb..5693029b5 100644
--- a/docs/tr/docs/index.md
+++ b/docs/tr/docs/index.md
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
---
-FastAPI, Python 3.6+'nın standart type hintlerine dayanan modern ve hızlı (yüksek performanslı) API'lar oluşturmak için kullanılabilecek web framework'ü.
+FastAPI, Python 3.6+'nın standart type hintlerine dayanan modern ve hızlı (yüksek performanslı) API'lar oluşturmak için kullanılabilecek web framework'ü.
Ana özellikleri:
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ $ pip install uvicorn[standard]
* `main.py` adında bir dosya oluştur :
```Python
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
Eğer kodunda `async` / `await` var ise, `async def` kullan:
```Python hl_lines="9 14"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ async def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ Senin için alternatif olarak (requests - Eğer `TestClient` kullanmak istiyorsan gerekli.
-* aiofiles - `FileResponse` ya da `StaticFiles` kullanmak istiyorsan gerekli.
* jinja2 - Eğer kendine ait template konfigürasyonu oluşturmak istiyorsan gerekli
* python-multipart - Form kullanmak istiyorsan gerekli ("dönüşümü").
* itsdangerous - `SessionMiddleware` desteği için gerekli.
diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/python-types.md b/docs/tr/docs/python-types.md
index 7e46bd031..3b9ab9050 100644
--- a/docs/tr/docs/python-types.md
+++ b/docs/tr/docs/python-types.md
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Programın çıktısı:
John Doe
```
-Fonksiyon sırayla şunları yapar:
+Fonksiyon sırayla şunları yapar:
* `first_name` ve `last_name` değerlerini alır.
* `title()` ile değişkenlerin ilk karakterlerini büyütür.
diff --git a/docs/tr/mkdocs.yml b/docs/tr/mkdocs.yml
index dd52d7fcc..74186033c 100644
--- a/docs/tr/mkdocs.yml
+++ b/docs/tr/mkdocs.yml
@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ theme:
name: material
custom_dir: overrides
palette:
- - scheme: default
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+ scheme: default
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
icon: material/lightbulb
name: Switch to light mode
- - scheme: slate
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+ scheme: slate
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
diff --git a/docs/uk/docs/index.md b/docs/uk/docs/index.md
index 95fb7ae21..29f92e020 100644
--- a/docs/uk/docs/index.md
+++ b/docs/uk/docs/index.md
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ $ pip install uvicorn[standard]
* Create a file `main.py` with:
```Python
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`:
```Python hl_lines="9 14"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ async def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request.
Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic.
```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27"
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Union
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ app = FastAPI()
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
price: float
- is_offer: Optional[bool] = None
+ is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None
@app.get("/")
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ def read_root():
@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
-def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
+def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ And now, go to requests - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`.
-* aiofiles - Required if you want to use `FileResponse` or `StaticFiles`.
* jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration.
* python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with `request.form()`.
* itsdangerous - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support.
diff --git a/docs/uk/mkdocs.yml b/docs/uk/mkdocs.yml
index 971a182db..ddf299d8b 100644
--- a/docs/uk/mkdocs.yml
+++ b/docs/uk/mkdocs.yml
@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ theme:
name: material
custom_dir: overrides
palette:
- - scheme: default
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: light)"
+ scheme: default
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
icon: material/lightbulb
name: Switch to light mode
- - scheme: slate
+ - media: "(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"
+ scheme: slate
primary: teal
accent: amber
toggle:
diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md
index 1cb724f1d..54ec9775b 100644
--- a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md
+++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
要实现它,导入 `JSONResponse`,然后在其中直接返回你的内容,并将 `status_code` 设置为为你要的值。
-```Python hl_lines="2 19"
+```Python hl_lines="4 25"
{!../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py!}
```
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
当你直接返回一个像上面例子中的 `Response` 对象时,它会直接返回。
FastAPI 不会用模型等对该响应进行序列化。
-
+
确保其中有你想要的数据,且返回的值为合法的 JSON(如果你使用 `JSONResponse` 的话)。
!!! note "技术细节"
diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/custom-response.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/custom-response.md
index 5f1a74e9e..155ce2882 100644
--- a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/custom-response.md
+++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/custom-response.md
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
正如你在 [直接返回响应](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 中了解到的,你也可以通过直接返回响应在 *路径操作* 中直接重载响应。
和上面一样的例子,返回一个 `HTMLResponse` 看起来可能是这样:
-
+
```Python hl_lines="2 7 19"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial003.py!}
```
diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-directly.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-directly.md
index 05926a9c8..797a878eb 100644
--- a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-directly.md
+++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-directly.md
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
直接返回响应可能会有用处,比如返回自定义的响应头和 cookies。
-## 返回 `Response`
+## 返回 `Response`
事实上,你可以返回任意 `Response` 或者任意 `Response` 的子类。
@@ -62,4 +62,3 @@
但是你仍可以参考 [OpenApI 中的额外响应](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 给响应编写文档。
在后续的章节中你可以了解到如何使用/声明这些自定义的 `Response` 的同时还保留自动化的数据转换和文档等。
-
diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/benchmarks.md b/docs/zh/docs/benchmarks.md
index c133d51b7..8991c72cd 100644
--- a/docs/zh/docs/benchmarks.md
+++ b/docs/zh/docs/benchmarks.md
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
* 具有最佳性能,因为除了服务器本身外,它没有太多额外的代码。
* 您不会直接在 Uvicorn 中编写应用程序。这意味着您的代码至少必须包含 Starlette(或 **FastAPI**)提供的代码。如果您这样做了(即直接在 Uvicorn 中编写应用程序),最终的应用程序会和使用了框架并且最小化了应用代码和 bug 的情况具有相同的性能损耗。
* 如果要对比与 Uvicorn 对标的服务器,请将其与 Daphne,Hypercorn,uWSGI等应用服务器进行比较。
-* **Starlette**:
+* **Starlette**:
* 在 Uvicorn 后使用 Starlette,性能会略有下降。实际上,Starlette 使用 Uvicorn运行。因此,由于必须执行更多的代码,它只会比 Uvicorn 更慢。
* 但它为您提供了构建简单的网络程序的工具,并具有基于路径的路由等功能。
* 如果想对比与 Starlette 对标的开发框架,请将其与 Sanic,Flask,Django 等网络框架(或微框架)进行比较。
diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/contributing.md b/docs/zh/docs/contributing.md
index 402668c47..95500d12b 100644
--- a/docs/zh/docs/contributing.md
+++ b/docs/zh/docs/contributing.md
@@ -497,4 +497,4 @@ $ bash scripts/test-cov-html.sh
-该命令生成了一个 `./htmlcov/` 目录,如果你在浏览器中打开 `./htmlcov/index.html` 文件,你可以交互式地浏览被测试所覆盖的代码区块,并注意是否缺少了任何区块。
+该命令生成了一个 `./htmlcov/` 目录,如果你在浏览器中打开 `./htmlcov/index.html` 文件,你可以交互式地浏览被测试所覆盖的代码区块,并注意是否缺少了任何区块。
diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/fastapi-people.md b/docs/zh/docs/fastapi-people.md
index 75651592d..5d7b0923f 100644
--- a/docs/zh/docs/fastapi-people.md
+++ b/docs/zh/docs/fastapi-people.md
@@ -114,6 +114,8 @@ FastAPI 有一个非常棒的社区,它欢迎来自各个领域和背景的朋
他们主要通过GitHub Sponsors支持我在 **FastAPI** (和其他项目)的工作。
+{% if sponsors %}
+
{% if sponsors.gold %}
### 金牌赞助商
@@ -141,6 +143,8 @@ FastAPI 有一个非常棒的社区,它欢迎来自各个领域和背景的朋
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
+{% endif %}
+
### 个人赞助
{% if github_sponsors %}
diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/features.md b/docs/zh/docs/features.md
index 4752947a3..fefe4b197 100644
--- a/docs/zh/docs/features.md
+++ b/docs/zh/docs/features.md
@@ -193,9 +193,9 @@ FastAPI 有一个使用非常简单,但是非常强大的 ModelField:
- default_value = Required
+ default_value: Any = Undefined
had_schema = False
if not param.default == param.empty and ignore_default is False:
default_value = param.default
@@ -369,8 +370,13 @@ def get_param_field(
if force_type:
field_info.in_ = force_type # type: ignore
else:
- field_info = default_field_info(default_value)
- required = default_value == Required
+ field_info = default_field_info(default=default_value)
+ required = True
+ if default_value is Required or ignore_default:
+ required = True
+ default_value = None
+ elif default_value is not Undefined:
+ required = False
annotation: Any = Any
if not param.annotation == param.empty:
annotation = param.annotation
@@ -382,12 +388,11 @@ def get_param_field(
field = create_response_field(
name=param.name,
type_=annotation,
- default=None if required else default_value,
+ default=default_value,
alias=alias,
required=required,
field_info=field_info,
)
- field.required = required
if not had_schema and not is_scalar_field(field=field):
field.field_info = params.Body(field_info.default)
if not had_schema and lenient_issubclass(field.type_, UploadFile):
diff --git a/fastapi/exceptions.py b/fastapi/exceptions.py
index f4a837bb4..0f50acc6c 100644
--- a/fastapi/exceptions.py
+++ b/fastapi/exceptions.py
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ class HTTPException(StarletteHTTPException):
detail: Any = None,
headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
) -> None:
- super().__init__(status_code=status_code, detail=detail)
- self.headers = headers
+ super().__init__(status_code=status_code, detail=detail, headers=headers)
RequestErrorModel: Type[BaseModel] = create_model("Request")
diff --git a/fastapi/openapi/models.py b/fastapi/openapi/models.py
index 9c6598d2d..35aa1672b 100644
--- a/fastapi/openapi/models.py
+++ b/fastapi/openapi/models.py
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class Server(BaseModel):
class Reference(BaseModel):
- ref: str = Field(..., alias="$ref")
+ ref: str = Field(alias="$ref")
class Discriminator(BaseModel):
@@ -101,28 +101,28 @@ class ExternalDocumentation(BaseModel):
class Schema(BaseModel):
- ref: Optional[str] = Field(None, alias="$ref")
+ ref: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, alias="$ref")
title: Optional[str] = None
multipleOf: Optional[float] = None
maximum: Optional[float] = None
exclusiveMaximum: Optional[float] = None
minimum: Optional[float] = None
exclusiveMinimum: Optional[float] = None
- maxLength: Optional[int] = Field(None, gte=0)
- minLength: Optional[int] = Field(None, gte=0)
+ maxLength: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, gte=0)
+ minLength: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, gte=0)
pattern: Optional[str] = None
- maxItems: Optional[int] = Field(None, gte=0)
- minItems: Optional[int] = Field(None, gte=0)
+ maxItems: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, gte=0)
+ minItems: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, gte=0)
uniqueItems: Optional[bool] = None
- maxProperties: Optional[int] = Field(None, gte=0)
- minProperties: Optional[int] = Field(None, gte=0)
+ maxProperties: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, gte=0)
+ minProperties: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, gte=0)
required: Optional[List[str]] = None
enum: Optional[List[Any]] = None
type: Optional[str] = None
allOf: Optional[List["Schema"]] = None
oneOf: Optional[List["Schema"]] = None
anyOf: Optional[List["Schema"]] = None
- not_: Optional["Schema"] = Field(None, alias="not")
+ not_: Optional["Schema"] = Field(default=None, alias="not")
items: Optional[Union["Schema", List["Schema"]]] = None
properties: Optional[Dict[str, "Schema"]] = None
additionalProperties: Optional[Union["Schema", Reference, bool]] = None
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class Encoding(BaseModel):
class MediaType(BaseModel):
- schema_: Optional[Union[Schema, Reference]] = Field(None, alias="schema")
+ schema_: Optional[Union[Schema, Reference]] = Field(default=None, alias="schema")
example: Optional[Any] = None
examples: Optional[Dict[str, Union[Example, Reference]]] = None
encoding: Optional[Dict[str, Encoding]] = None
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ class ParameterBase(BaseModel):
style: Optional[str] = None
explode: Optional[bool] = None
allowReserved: Optional[bool] = None
- schema_: Optional[Union[Schema, Reference]] = Field(None, alias="schema")
+ schema_: Optional[Union[Schema, Reference]] = Field(default=None, alias="schema")
example: Optional[Any] = None
examples: Optional[Dict[str, Union[Example, Reference]]] = None
# Serialization rules for more complex scenarios
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ class ParameterBase(BaseModel):
class Parameter(ParameterBase):
name: str
- in_: ParameterInType = Field(..., alias="in")
+ in_: ParameterInType = Field(alias="in")
class Header(ParameterBase):
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ class Operation(BaseModel):
class PathItem(BaseModel):
- ref: Optional[str] = Field(None, alias="$ref")
+ ref: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, alias="$ref")
summary: Optional[str] = None
description: Optional[str] = None
get: Optional[Operation] = None
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ class SecuritySchemeType(Enum):
class SecurityBase(BaseModel):
- type_: SecuritySchemeType = Field(..., alias="type")
+ type_: SecuritySchemeType = Field(alias="type")
description: Optional[str] = None
class Config:
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ class APIKeyIn(Enum):
class APIKey(SecurityBase):
type_ = Field(SecuritySchemeType.apiKey, alias="type")
- in_: APIKeyIn = Field(..., alias="in")
+ in_: APIKeyIn = Field(alias="in")
name: str
diff --git a/fastapi/param_functions.py b/fastapi/param_functions.py
index a553a1461..1932ef065 100644
--- a/fastapi/param_functions.py
+++ b/fastapi/param_functions.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from pydantic.fields import Undefined
def Path( # noqa: N802
- default: Any,
+ default: Any = Undefined,
*,
alias: Optional[str] = None,
title: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def Path( # noqa: N802
def Query( # noqa: N802
- default: Any,
+ default: Any = Undefined,
*,
alias: Optional[str] = None,
title: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def Query( # noqa: N802
**extra: Any,
) -> Any:
return params.Query(
- default,
+ default=default,
alias=alias,
title=title,
description=description,
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def Query( # noqa: N802
def Header( # noqa: N802
- default: Any,
+ default: Any = Undefined,
*,
alias: Optional[str] = None,
convert_underscores: bool = True,
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def Header( # noqa: N802
**extra: Any,
) -> Any:
return params.Header(
- default,
+ default=default,
alias=alias,
convert_underscores=convert_underscores,
title=title,
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ def Header( # noqa: N802
def Cookie( # noqa: N802
- default: Any,
+ default: Any = Undefined,
*,
alias: Optional[str] = None,
title: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ def Cookie( # noqa: N802
**extra: Any,
) -> Any:
return params.Cookie(
- default,
+ default=default,
alias=alias,
title=title,
description=description,
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ def Cookie( # noqa: N802
def Body( # noqa: N802
- default: Any,
+ default: Any = Undefined,
*,
embed: bool = False,
media_type: str = "application/json",
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ def Body( # noqa: N802
**extra: Any,
) -> Any:
return params.Body(
- default,
+ default=default,
embed=embed,
media_type=media_type,
alias=alias,
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ def Body( # noqa: N802
def Form( # noqa: N802
- default: Any,
+ default: Any = Undefined,
*,
media_type: str = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
alias: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ def Form( # noqa: N802
**extra: Any,
) -> Any:
return params.Form(
- default,
+ default=default,
media_type=media_type,
alias=alias,
title=title,
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ def Form( # noqa: N802
def File( # noqa: N802
- default: Any,
+ default: Any = Undefined,
*,
media_type: str = "multipart/form-data",
alias: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ def File( # noqa: N802
**extra: Any,
) -> Any:
return params.File(
- default,
+ default=default,
media_type=media_type,
alias=alias,
title=title,
diff --git a/fastapi/params.py b/fastapi/params.py
index 042bbd42f..5395b98a3 100644
--- a/fastapi/params.py
+++ b/fastapi/params.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class Param(FieldInfo):
def __init__(
self,
- default: Any,
+ default: Any = Undefined,
*,
alias: Optional[str] = None,
title: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class Param(FieldInfo):
self.examples = examples
self.include_in_schema = include_in_schema
super().__init__(
- default,
+ default=default,
alias=alias,
title=title,
description=description,
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class Path(Param):
def __init__(
self,
- default: Any,
+ default: Any = Undefined,
*,
alias: Optional[str] = None,
title: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class Path(Param):
):
self.in_ = self.in_
super().__init__(
- ...,
+ default=...,
alias=alias,
title=title,
description=description,
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class Query(Param):
def __init__(
self,
- default: Any,
+ default: Any = Undefined,
*,
alias: Optional[str] = None,
title: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class Query(Param):
**extra: Any,
):
super().__init__(
- default,
+ default=default,
alias=alias,
title=title,
description=description,
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ class Header(Param):
def __init__(
self,
- default: Any,
+ default: Any = Undefined,
*,
alias: Optional[str] = None,
convert_underscores: bool = True,
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ class Header(Param):
):
self.convert_underscores = convert_underscores
super().__init__(
- default,
+ default=default,
alias=alias,
title=title,
description=description,
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ class Cookie(Param):
def __init__(
self,
- default: Any,
+ default: Any = Undefined,
*,
alias: Optional[str] = None,
title: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ class Cookie(Param):
**extra: Any,
):
super().__init__(
- default,
+ default=default,
alias=alias,
title=title,
description=description,
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ class Cookie(Param):
class Body(FieldInfo):
def __init__(
self,
- default: Any,
+ default: Any = Undefined,
*,
embed: bool = False,
media_type: str = "application/json",
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ class Body(FieldInfo):
self.example = example
self.examples = examples
super().__init__(
- default,
+ default=default,
alias=alias,
title=title,
description=description,
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ class Form(Body):
**extra: Any,
):
super().__init__(
- default,
+ default=default,
embed=True,
media_type=media_type,
alias=alias,
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ class File(Form):
**extra: Any,
):
super().__init__(
- default,
+ default=default,
media_type=media_type,
alias=alias,
title=title,
diff --git a/fastapi/routing.py b/fastapi/routing.py
index 805bf5acb..66a24d38f 100644
--- a/fastapi/routing.py
+++ b/fastapi/routing.py
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route):
self.path_regex, self.path_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(path)
if methods is None:
methods = ["GET"]
- self.methods: Set[str] = set([method.upper() for method in methods])
+ self.methods: Set[str] = {method.upper() for method in methods}
if isinstance(generate_unique_id_function, DefaultPlaceholder):
current_generate_unique_id: Callable[
["APIRoute"], str
@@ -483,11 +483,11 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
),
) -> None:
super().__init__(
- routes=routes, # type: ignore # in Starlette
+ routes=routes,
redirect_slashes=redirect_slashes,
- default=default, # type: ignore # in Starlette
- on_startup=on_startup, # type: ignore # in Starlette
- on_shutdown=on_shutdown, # type: ignore # in Starlette
+ default=default,
+ on_startup=on_startup,
+ on_shutdown=on_shutdown,
)
if prefix:
assert prefix.startswith("/"), "A path prefix must start with '/'"
@@ -762,7 +762,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router):
generate_unique_id_function=current_generate_unique_id,
)
elif isinstance(route, routing.Route):
- methods = list(route.methods or []) # type: ignore # in Starlette
+ methods = list(route.methods or [])
self.add_route(
prefix + route.path,
route.endpoint,
diff --git a/fastapi/security/oauth2.py b/fastapi/security/oauth2.py
index bdc6e2ea9..888208c15 100644
--- a/fastapi/security/oauth2.py
+++ b/fastapi/security/oauth2.py
@@ -45,12 +45,12 @@ class OAuth2PasswordRequestForm:
def __init__(
self,
- grant_type: str = Form(None, regex="password"),
- username: str = Form(...),
- password: str = Form(...),
- scope: str = Form(""),
- client_id: Optional[str] = Form(None),
- client_secret: Optional[str] = Form(None),
+ grant_type: str = Form(default=None, regex="password"),
+ username: str = Form(),
+ password: str = Form(),
+ scope: str = Form(default=""),
+ client_id: Optional[str] = Form(default=None),
+ client_secret: Optional[str] = Form(default=None),
):
self.grant_type = grant_type
self.username = username
@@ -95,12 +95,12 @@ class OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict(OAuth2PasswordRequestForm):
def __init__(
self,
- grant_type: str = Form(..., regex="password"),
- username: str = Form(...),
- password: str = Form(...),
- scope: str = Form(""),
- client_id: Optional[str] = Form(None),
- client_secret: Optional[str] = Form(None),
+ grant_type: str = Form(regex="password"),
+ username: str = Form(),
+ password: str = Form(),
+ scope: str = Form(default=""),
+ client_id: Optional[str] = Form(default=None),
+ client_secret: Optional[str] = Form(default=None),
):
super().__init__(
grant_type=grant_type,
diff --git a/fastapi/utils.py b/fastapi/utils.py
index b9301499a..a7e135bca 100644
--- a/fastapi/utils.py
+++ b/fastapi/utils.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def create_response_field(
Create a new response field. Raises if type_ is invalid.
"""
class_validators = class_validators or {}
- field_info = field_info or FieldInfo(None)
+ field_info = field_info or FieldInfo()
response_field = functools.partial(
ModelField,
@@ -147,15 +147,15 @@ def generate_unique_id(route: "APIRoute") -> str:
def deep_dict_update(main_dict: Dict[Any, Any], update_dict: Dict[Any, Any]) -> None:
- for key in update_dict:
+ for key, value in update_dict.items():
if (
key in main_dict
and isinstance(main_dict[key], dict)
- and isinstance(update_dict[key], dict)
+ and isinstance(value, dict)
):
- deep_dict_update(main_dict[key], update_dict[key])
+ deep_dict_update(main_dict[key], value)
else:
- main_dict[key] = update_dict[key]
+ main_dict[key] = value
def get_value_or_default(
diff --git a/pending_tests/main.py b/pending_tests/main.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5e919f1bc..000000000
--- a/pending_tests/main.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-from fastapi import (
- Body,
- Cookie,
- Depends,
- FastAPI,
- File,
- Form,
- Header,
- Path,
- Query,
- Security,
-)
-from fastapi.security import (
- HTTPBasic,
- OAuth2,
- OAuth2PasswordBearer,
- OAuth2PasswordRequestForm,
-)
-from pydantic import BaseModel
-from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse, JSONResponse, PlainTextResponse
-from starlette.status import HTTP_202_ACCEPTED
-
-app = FastAPI()
-
-
-@app.get("/security")
-def get_security(sec=Security(HTTPBasic())):
- return sec
-
-
-reusable_oauth2 = OAuth2(
- flows={
- "password": {
- "tokenUrl": "token",
- "scopes": {"read:user": "Read a User", "write:user": "Create a user"},
- }
- }
-)
-
-
-@app.get("/security/oauth2")
-def get_security_oauth2(sec=Security(reusable_oauth2, scopes=["read:user"])):
- return sec
-
-
-@app.post("/token")
-def post_token(request_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Form(...)):
- data = request_data.parse()
- access_token = data.username + ":" + data.password
- return {"access_token": access_token}
-
-
-class Item(BaseModel):
- name: str
- price: float
- is_offer: bool
-
-
-class FakeDB:
- def __init__(self):
- self.data = {
- "johndoe": {
- "username": "johndoe",
- "password": "shouldbehashed",
- "first_name": "John",
- "last_name": "Doe",
- }
- }
-
-
-class DBConnectionManager:
- def __init__(self):
- self.db = FakeDB()
-
- def __call__(self):
- return self.db
-
-
-connection_manager = DBConnectionManager()
-
-
-class TokenUserData(BaseModel):
- username: str
- password: str
-
-
-class UserInDB(BaseModel):
- username: str
- password: str
- first_name: str
- last_name: str
-
-
-def require_token(
- token: str = Security(reusable_oauth2, scopes=["read:user", "write:user"])
-):
- raw_token = token.replace("Bearer ", "")
- # Never do this plaintext password usage in production
- username, password = raw_token.split(":")
- return TokenUserData(username=username, password=password)
-
-
-def require_user(
- db: FakeDB = Depends(connection_manager),
- user_data: TokenUserData = Depends(require_token),
-):
- return db.data[user_data.username]
-
-
-class UserOut(BaseModel):
- username: str
- first_name: str
- last_name: str
-
-
-@app.get("/dependency", response_model=UserOut)
-def get_dependency(user: UserInDB = Depends(require_user)):
- return user
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 1a2610740..5ffdf93ad 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ classifiers = [
"Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP",
]
requires = [
- "starlette ==0.18.0",
+ "starlette==0.19.1",
"pydantic >=1.6.2,!=1.7,!=1.7.1,!=1.7.2,!=1.7.3,!=1.8,!=1.8.1,<2.0.0",
]
description-file = "README.md"
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ dev = [
"autoflake >=1.4.0,<2.0.0",
"flake8 >=3.8.3,<4.0.0",
"uvicorn[standard] >=0.12.0,<0.18.0",
+ "pre-commit >=2.17.0,<3.0.0",
]
all = [
"requests >=2.24.0,<3.0.0",
@@ -140,6 +141,7 @@ filterwarnings = [
"error",
# TODO: needed by asyncio in Python 3.9.7 https://bugs.python.org/issue45097, try to remove on 3.9.8
'ignore:The loop argument is deprecated since Python 3\.8, and scheduled for removal in Python 3\.10:DeprecationWarning:asyncio',
+ 'ignore:starlette.middleware.wsgi is deprecated and will be removed in a future release\..*:DeprecationWarning:starlette',
# TODO: remove after dropping support for Python 3.6
'ignore:Python 3.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team. Therefore, support for it is deprecated in cryptography and will be removed in a future release.:UserWarning:jose',
]
diff --git a/tests/main.py b/tests/main.py
index d5603d0e6..f70496db8 100644
--- a/tests/main.py
+++ b/tests/main.py
@@ -49,97 +49,97 @@ def get_bool_id(item_id: bool):
@app.get("/path/param/{item_id}")
-def get_path_param_id(item_id: Optional[str] = Path(None)):
+def get_path_param_id(item_id: str = Path()):
return item_id
@app.get("/path/param-required/{item_id}")
-def get_path_param_required_id(item_id: str = Path(...)):
+def get_path_param_required_id(item_id: str = Path()):
return item_id
@app.get("/path/param-minlength/{item_id}")
-def get_path_param_min_length(item_id: str = Path(..., min_length=3)):
+def get_path_param_min_length(item_id: str = Path(min_length=3)):
return item_id
@app.get("/path/param-maxlength/{item_id}")
-def get_path_param_max_length(item_id: str = Path(..., max_length=3)):
+def get_path_param_max_length(item_id: str = Path(max_length=3)):
return item_id
@app.get("/path/param-min_maxlength/{item_id}")
-def get_path_param_min_max_length(item_id: str = Path(..., max_length=3, min_length=2)):
+def get_path_param_min_max_length(item_id: str = Path(max_length=3, min_length=2)):
return item_id
@app.get("/path/param-gt/{item_id}")
-def get_path_param_gt(item_id: float = Path(..., gt=3)):
+def get_path_param_gt(item_id: float = Path(gt=3)):
return item_id
@app.get("/path/param-gt0/{item_id}")
-def get_path_param_gt0(item_id: float = Path(..., gt=0)):
+def get_path_param_gt0(item_id: float = Path(gt=0)):
return item_id
@app.get("/path/param-ge/{item_id}")
-def get_path_param_ge(item_id: float = Path(..., ge=3)):
+def get_path_param_ge(item_id: float = Path(ge=3)):
return item_id
@app.get("/path/param-lt/{item_id}")
-def get_path_param_lt(item_id: float = Path(..., lt=3)):
+def get_path_param_lt(item_id: float = Path(lt=3)):
return item_id
@app.get("/path/param-lt0/{item_id}")
-def get_path_param_lt0(item_id: float = Path(..., lt=0)):
+def get_path_param_lt0(item_id: float = Path(lt=0)):
return item_id
@app.get("/path/param-le/{item_id}")
-def get_path_param_le(item_id: float = Path(..., le=3)):
+def get_path_param_le(item_id: float = Path(le=3)):
return item_id
@app.get("/path/param-lt-gt/{item_id}")
-def get_path_param_lt_gt(item_id: float = Path(..., lt=3, gt=1)):
+def get_path_param_lt_gt(item_id: float = Path(lt=3, gt=1)):
return item_id
@app.get("/path/param-le-ge/{item_id}")
-def get_path_param_le_ge(item_id: float = Path(..., le=3, ge=1)):
+def get_path_param_le_ge(item_id: float = Path(le=3, ge=1)):
return item_id
@app.get("/path/param-lt-int/{item_id}")
-def get_path_param_lt_int(item_id: int = Path(..., lt=3)):
+def get_path_param_lt_int(item_id: int = Path(lt=3)):
return item_id
@app.get("/path/param-gt-int/{item_id}")
-def get_path_param_gt_int(item_id: int = Path(..., gt=3)):
+def get_path_param_gt_int(item_id: int = Path(gt=3)):
return item_id
@app.get("/path/param-le-int/{item_id}")
-def get_path_param_le_int(item_id: int = Path(..., le=3)):
+def get_path_param_le_int(item_id: int = Path(le=3)):
return item_id
@app.get("/path/param-ge-int/{item_id}")
-def get_path_param_ge_int(item_id: int = Path(..., ge=3)):
+def get_path_param_ge_int(item_id: int = Path(ge=3)):
return item_id
@app.get("/path/param-lt-gt-int/{item_id}")
-def get_path_param_lt_gt_int(item_id: int = Path(..., lt=3, gt=1)):
+def get_path_param_lt_gt_int(item_id: int = Path(lt=3, gt=1)):
return item_id
@app.get("/path/param-le-ge-int/{item_id}")
-def get_path_param_le_ge_int(item_id: int = Path(..., le=3, ge=1)):
+def get_path_param_le_ge_int(item_id: int = Path(le=3, ge=1)):
return item_id
@@ -173,19 +173,19 @@ def get_query_type_int_default(query: int = 10):
@app.get("/query/param")
-def get_query_param(query=Query(None)):
+def get_query_param(query=Query(default=None)):
if query is None:
return "foo bar"
return f"foo bar {query}"
@app.get("/query/param-required")
-def get_query_param_required(query=Query(...)):
+def get_query_param_required(query=Query()):
return f"foo bar {query}"
@app.get("/query/param-required/int")
-def get_query_param_required_type(query: int = Query(...)):
+def get_query_param_required_type(query: int = Query()):
return f"foo bar {query}"
diff --git a/tests/test_dependency_normal_exceptions.py b/tests/test_dependency_normal_exceptions.py
index 49a19f460..23c366d5d 100644
--- a/tests/test_dependency_normal_exceptions.py
+++ b/tests/test_dependency_normal_exceptions.py
@@ -26,14 +26,14 @@ async def get_database():
@app.put("/invalid-user/{user_id}")
def put_invalid_user(
- user_id: str, name: str = Body(...), db: dict = Depends(get_database)
+ user_id: str, name: str = Body(), db: dict = Depends(get_database)
):
db[user_id] = name
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid user")
@app.put("/user/{user_id}")
-def put_user(user_id: str, name: str = Body(...), db: dict = Depends(get_database)):
+def put_user(user_id: str, name: str = Body(), db: dict = Depends(get_database)):
db[user_id] = name
return {"message": "OK"}
diff --git a/tests/test_extra_routes.py b/tests/test_extra_routes.py
index 8f95b7bc9..491ba61c6 100644
--- a/tests/test_extra_routes.py
+++ b/tests/test_extra_routes.py
@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ def delete_item(item_id: str, item: Item):
@app.head("/items/{item_id}")
def head_item(item_id: str):
- return JSONResponse(headers={"x-fastapi-item-id": item_id})
+ return JSONResponse(None, headers={"x-fastapi-item-id": item_id})
@app.options("/items/{item_id}")
def options_item(item_id: str):
- return JSONResponse(headers={"x-fastapi-item-id": item_id})
+ return JSONResponse(None, headers={"x-fastapi-item-id": item_id})
@app.patch("/items/{item_id}")
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def patch_item(item_id: str, item: Item):
@app.trace("/items/{item_id}")
def trace_item(item_id: str):
- return JSONResponse(media_type="message/http")
+ return JSONResponse(None, media_type="message/http")
client = TestClient(app)
diff --git a/tests/test_forms_from_non_typing_sequences.py b/tests/test_forms_from_non_typing_sequences.py
index be917eab7..52ce24753 100644
--- a/tests/test_forms_from_non_typing_sequences.py
+++ b/tests/test_forms_from_non_typing_sequences.py
@@ -5,17 +5,17 @@ app = FastAPI()
@app.post("/form/python-list")
-def post_form_param_list(items: list = Form(...)):
+def post_form_param_list(items: list = Form()):
return items
@app.post("/form/python-set")
-def post_form_param_set(items: set = Form(...)):
+def post_form_param_set(items: set = Form()):
return items
@app.post("/form/python-tuple")
-def post_form_param_tuple(items: tuple = Form(...)):
+def post_form_param_tuple(items: tuple = Form()):
return items
diff --git a/tests/test_invalid_sequence_param.py b/tests/test_invalid_sequence_param.py
index f00dd7b93..475786adb 100644
--- a/tests/test_invalid_sequence_param.py
+++ b/tests/test_invalid_sequence_param.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ def test_invalid_sequence():
title: str
@app.get("/items/")
- def read_items(q: List[Item] = Query(None)):
+ def read_items(q: List[Item] = Query(default=None)):
pass # pragma: no cover
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def test_invalid_tuple():
title: str
@app.get("/items/")
- def read_items(q: Tuple[Item, Item] = Query(None)):
+ def read_items(q: Tuple[Item, Item] = Query(default=None)):
pass # pragma: no cover
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def test_invalid_dict():
title: str
@app.get("/items/")
- def read_items(q: Dict[str, Item] = Query(None)):
+ def read_items(q: Dict[str, Item] = Query(default=None)):
pass # pragma: no cover
@@ -49,5 +49,5 @@ def test_invalid_simple_dict():
title: str
@app.get("/items/")
- def read_items(q: Optional[dict] = Query(None)):
+ def read_items(q: Optional[dict] = Query(default=None)):
pass # pragma: no cover
diff --git a/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py b/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py
index fa82b5ea8..ed35fd32e 100644
--- a/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py
+++ b/tests/test_jsonable_encoder.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class ModelWithConfig(BaseModel):
class ModelWithAlias(BaseModel):
- foo: str = Field(..., alias="Foo")
+ foo: str = Field(alias="Foo")
class ModelWithDefault(BaseModel):
diff --git a/tests/test_modules_same_name_body/app/a.py b/tests/test_modules_same_name_body/app/a.py
index 3c86c1865..377236890 100644
--- a/tests/test_modules_same_name_body/app/a.py
+++ b/tests/test_modules_same_name_body/app/a.py
@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ router = APIRouter()
@router.post("/compute")
-def compute(a: int = Body(...), b: str = Body(...)):
+def compute(a: int = Body(), b: str = Body()):
return {"a": a, "b": b}
diff --git a/tests/test_modules_same_name_body/app/b.py b/tests/test_modules_same_name_body/app/b.py
index f7c7fdfc6..b62118f84 100644
--- a/tests/test_modules_same_name_body/app/b.py
+++ b/tests/test_modules_same_name_body/app/b.py
@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ router = APIRouter()
@router.post("/compute/")
-def compute(a: int = Body(...), b: str = Body(...)):
+def compute(a: int = Body(), b: str = Body()):
return {"a": a, "b": b}
diff --git a/tests/test_multi_query_errors.py b/tests/test_multi_query_errors.py
index 0a15833fa..3da461af5 100644
--- a/tests/test_multi_query_errors.py
+++ b/tests/test_multi_query_errors.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/items/")
-def read_items(q: List[int] = Query(None)):
+def read_items(q: List[int] = Query(default=None)):
return {"q": q}
diff --git a/tests/test_multipart_installation.py b/tests/test_multipart_installation.py
index c8a6fd942..788d9ef5a 100644
--- a/tests/test_multipart_installation.py
+++ b/tests/test_multipart_installation.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ def test_incorrect_multipart_installed_form(monkeypatch):
app = FastAPI()
@app.post("/")
- async def root(username: str = Form(...)):
+ async def root(username: str = Form()):
return username # pragma: nocover
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def test_incorrect_multipart_installed_file_upload(monkeypatch):
app = FastAPI()
@app.post("/")
- async def root(f: UploadFile = File(...)):
+ async def root(f: UploadFile = File()):
return f # pragma: nocover
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def test_incorrect_multipart_installed_file_bytes(monkeypatch):
app = FastAPI()
@app.post("/")
- async def root(f: bytes = File(...)):
+ async def root(f: bytes = File()):
return f # pragma: nocover
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def test_incorrect_multipart_installed_multi_form(monkeypatch):
app = FastAPI()
@app.post("/")
- async def root(username: str = Form(...), password: str = Form(...)):
+ async def root(username: str = Form(), password: str = Form()):
return username # pragma: nocover
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def test_incorrect_multipart_installed_form_file(monkeypatch):
app = FastAPI()
@app.post("/")
- async def root(username: str = Form(...), f: UploadFile = File(...)):
+ async def root(username: str = Form(), f: UploadFile = File()):
return username # pragma: nocover
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def test_no_multipart_installed(monkeypatch):
app = FastAPI()
@app.post("/")
- async def root(username: str = Form(...)):
+ async def root(username: str = Form()):
return username # pragma: nocover
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def test_no_multipart_installed_file(monkeypatch):
app = FastAPI()
@app.post("/")
- async def root(f: UploadFile = File(...)):
+ async def root(f: UploadFile = File()):
return f # pragma: nocover
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ def test_no_multipart_installed_file_bytes(monkeypatch):
app = FastAPI()
@app.post("/")
- async def root(f: bytes = File(...)):
+ async def root(f: bytes = File()):
return f # pragma: nocover
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ def test_no_multipart_installed_multi_form(monkeypatch):
app = FastAPI()
@app.post("/")
- async def root(username: str = Form(...), password: str = Form(...)):
+ async def root(username: str = Form(), password: str = Form()):
return username # pragma: nocover
@@ -102,5 +102,5 @@ def test_no_multipart_installed_form_file(monkeypatch):
app = FastAPI()
@app.post("/")
- async def root(username: str = Form(...), f: UploadFile = File(...)):
+ async def root(username: str = Form(), f: UploadFile = File()):
return username # pragma: nocover
diff --git a/tests/test_param_class.py b/tests/test_param_class.py
index f5767ec96..1fd40dcd2 100644
--- a/tests/test_param_class.py
+++ b/tests/test_param_class.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/items/")
-def read_items(q: Optional[str] = Param(None)): # type: ignore
+def read_items(q: Optional[str] = Param(default=None)): # type: ignore
return {"q": q}
diff --git a/tests/test_param_include_in_schema.py b/tests/test_param_include_in_schema.py
index 26aa63897..214f039b6 100644
--- a/tests/test_param_include_in_schema.py
+++ b/tests/test_param_include_in_schema.py
@@ -9,26 +9,26 @@ app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/hidden_cookie")
async def hidden_cookie(
- hidden_cookie: Optional[str] = Cookie(None, include_in_schema=False)
+ hidden_cookie: Optional[str] = Cookie(default=None, include_in_schema=False)
):
return {"hidden_cookie": hidden_cookie}
@app.get("/hidden_header")
async def hidden_header(
- hidden_header: Optional[str] = Header(None, include_in_schema=False)
+ hidden_header: Optional[str] = Header(default=None, include_in_schema=False)
):
return {"hidden_header": hidden_header}
@app.get("/hidden_path/{hidden_path}")
-async def hidden_path(hidden_path: str = Path(..., include_in_schema=False)):
+async def hidden_path(hidden_path: str = Path(include_in_schema=False)):
return {"hidden_path": hidden_path}
@app.get("/hidden_query")
async def hidden_query(
- hidden_query: Optional[str] = Query(None, include_in_schema=False)
+ hidden_query: Optional[str] = Query(default=None, include_in_schema=False)
):
return {"hidden_query": hidden_query}
diff --git a/tests/test_repeated_dependency_schema.py b/tests/test_repeated_dependency_schema.py
index 00441694e..ca0305184 100644
--- a/tests/test_repeated_dependency_schema.py
+++ b/tests/test_repeated_dependency_schema.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
app = FastAPI()
-def get_header(*, someheader: str = Header(...)):
+def get_header(*, someheader: str = Header()):
return someheader
diff --git a/tests/test_request_body_parameters_media_type.py b/tests/test_request_body_parameters_media_type.py
index ace6bdef7..e9cf4006d 100644
--- a/tests/test_request_body_parameters_media_type.py
+++ b/tests/test_request_body_parameters_media_type.py
@@ -21,14 +21,14 @@ class Shop(BaseModel):
@app.post("/products")
-async def create_product(data: Product = Body(..., media_type=media_type, embed=True)):
+async def create_product(data: Product = Body(media_type=media_type, embed=True)):
pass # pragma: no cover
@app.post("/shops")
async def create_shop(
- data: Shop = Body(..., media_type=media_type),
- included: typing.List[Product] = Body([], media_type=media_type),
+ data: Shop = Body(media_type=media_type),
+ included: typing.List[Product] = Body(default=[], media_type=media_type),
):
pass # pragma: no cover
diff --git a/tests/test_required_noneable.py b/tests/test_required_noneable.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5da8cd4d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_required_noneable.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+from typing import Union
+
+from fastapi import Body, FastAPI, Query
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/query")
+def read_query(q: Union[str, None]):
+ return q
+
+
+@app.get("/explicit-query")
+def read_explicit_query(q: Union[str, None] = Query()):
+ return q
+
+
+@app.post("/body-embed")
+def send_body_embed(b: Union[str, None] = Body(embed=True)):
+ return b
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_required_nonable_query_invalid():
+ response = client.get("/query")
+ assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+def test_required_noneable_query_value():
+ response = client.get("/query", params={"q": "foo"})
+ assert response.status_code == 200
+ assert response.json() == "foo"
+
+
+def test_required_nonable_explicit_query_invalid():
+ response = client.get("/explicit-query")
+ assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+def test_required_nonable_explicit_query_value():
+ response = client.get("/explicit-query", params={"q": "foo"})
+ assert response.status_code == 200
+ assert response.json() == "foo"
+
+
+def test_required_nonable_body_embed_no_content():
+ response = client.post("/body-embed")
+ assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+def test_required_nonable_body_embed_invalid():
+ response = client.post("/body-embed", json={"invalid": "invalid"})
+ assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+def test_required_noneable_body_embed_value():
+ response = client.post("/body-embed", json={"b": "foo"})
+ assert response.status_code == 200
+ assert response.json() == "foo"
diff --git a/tests/test_schema_extra_examples.py b/tests/test_schema_extra_examples.py
index 444e350a8..5047aeaa4 100644
--- a/tests/test_schema_extra_examples.py
+++ b/tests/test_schema_extra_examples.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Union
+
from fastapi import Body, Cookie, FastAPI, Header, Path, Query
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -18,14 +20,13 @@ def schema_extra(item: Item):
@app.post("/example/")
-def example(item: Item = Body(..., example={"data": "Data in Body example"})):
+def example(item: Item = Body(example={"data": "Data in Body example"})):
return item
@app.post("/examples/")
def examples(
item: Item = Body(
- ...,
examples={
"example1": {
"summary": "example1 summary",
@@ -41,7 +42,6 @@ def examples(
@app.post("/example_examples/")
def example_examples(
item: Item = Body(
- ...,
example={"data": "Overriden example"},
examples={
"example1": {"value": {"data": "examples example_examples 1"}},
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def example_examples(
# TODO: enable these tests once/if Form(embed=False) is supported
# TODO: In that case, define if File() should support example/examples too
# @app.post("/form_example")
-# def form_example(firstname: str = Form(..., example="John")):
+# def form_example(firstname: str = Form(example="John")):
# return firstname
@@ -89,7 +89,6 @@ def example_examples(
@app.get("/path_example/{item_id}")
def path_example(
item_id: str = Path(
- ...,
example="item_1",
),
):
@@ -99,7 +98,6 @@ def path_example(
@app.get("/path_examples/{item_id}")
def path_examples(
item_id: str = Path(
- ...,
examples={
"example1": {"summary": "item ID summary", "value": "item_1"},
"example2": {"value": "item_2"},
@@ -112,7 +110,6 @@ def path_examples(
@app.get("/path_example_examples/{item_id}")
def path_example_examples(
item_id: str = Path(
- ...,
example="item_overriden",
examples={
"example1": {"summary": "item ID summary", "value": "item_1"},
@@ -125,8 +122,8 @@ def path_example_examples(
@app.get("/query_example/")
def query_example(
- data: str = Query(
- None,
+ data: Union[str, None] = Query(
+ default=None,
example="query1",
),
):
@@ -135,8 +132,8 @@ def query_example(
@app.get("/query_examples/")
def query_examples(
- data: str = Query(
- None,
+ data: Union[str, None] = Query(
+ default=None,
examples={
"example1": {"summary": "Query example 1", "value": "query1"},
"example2": {"value": "query2"},
@@ -148,8 +145,8 @@ def query_examples(
@app.get("/query_example_examples/")
def query_example_examples(
- data: str = Query(
- None,
+ data: Union[str, None] = Query(
+ default=None,
example="query_overriden",
examples={
"example1": {"summary": "Qeury example 1", "value": "query1"},
@@ -162,8 +159,8 @@ def query_example_examples(
@app.get("/header_example/")
def header_example(
- data: str = Header(
- None,
+ data: Union[str, None] = Header(
+ default=None,
example="header1",
),
):
@@ -172,8 +169,8 @@ def header_example(
@app.get("/header_examples/")
def header_examples(
- data: str = Header(
- None,
+ data: Union[str, None] = Header(
+ default=None,
examples={
"example1": {"summary": "header example 1", "value": "header1"},
"example2": {"value": "header2"},
@@ -185,8 +182,8 @@ def header_examples(
@app.get("/header_example_examples/")
def header_example_examples(
- data: str = Header(
- None,
+ data: Union[str, None] = Header(
+ default=None,
example="header_overriden",
examples={
"example1": {"summary": "Qeury example 1", "value": "header1"},
@@ -199,8 +196,8 @@ def header_example_examples(
@app.get("/cookie_example/")
def cookie_example(
- data: str = Cookie(
- None,
+ data: Union[str, None] = Cookie(
+ default=None,
example="cookie1",
),
):
@@ -209,8 +206,8 @@ def cookie_example(
@app.get("/cookie_examples/")
def cookie_examples(
- data: str = Cookie(
- None,
+ data: Union[str, None] = Cookie(
+ default=None,
examples={
"example1": {"summary": "cookie example 1", "value": "cookie1"},
"example2": {"value": "cookie2"},
@@ -222,8 +219,8 @@ def cookie_examples(
@app.get("/cookie_example_examples/")
def cookie_example_examples(
- data: str = Cookie(
- None,
+ data: Union[str, None] = Cookie(
+ default=None,
example="cookie_overriden",
examples={
"example1": {"summary": "Qeury example 1", "value": "cookie1"},
diff --git a/tests/test_serialize_response_model.py b/tests/test_serialize_response_model.py
index 295667437..3bb46b2e9 100644
--- a/tests/test_serialize_response_model.py
+++ b/tests/test_serialize_response_model.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ app = FastAPI()
class Item(BaseModel):
- name: str = Field(..., alias="aliased_name")
+ name: str = Field(alias="aliased_name")
price: Optional[float] = None
owner_ids: Optional[List[int]] = None
diff --git a/tests/test_starlette_urlconvertors.py b/tests/test_starlette_urlconvertors.py
index 2320c7005..5a980cbf6 100644
--- a/tests/test_starlette_urlconvertors.py
+++ b/tests/test_starlette_urlconvertors.py
@@ -5,17 +5,17 @@ app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/int/{param:int}")
-def int_convertor(param: int = Path(...)):
+def int_convertor(param: int = Path()):
return {"int": param}
@app.get("/float/{param:float}")
-def float_convertor(param: float = Path(...)):
+def float_convertor(param: float = Path()):
return {"float": param}
@app.get("/path/{param:path}")
-def path_convertor(param: str = Path(...)):
+def path_convertor(param: str = Path()):
return {"path": param}
diff --git a/tests/test_tuples.py b/tests/test_tuples.py
index 2085dc367..18ec2d048 100644
--- a/tests/test_tuples.py
+++ b/tests/test_tuples.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ def post_tuple_of_models(square: Tuple[Coordinate, Coordinate]):
@app.post("/tuple-form/")
-def hello(values: Tuple[int, int] = Form(...)):
+def hello(values: Tuple[int, int] = Form()):
return values