Add failing unittest demonstrating the problem

tests/test_dependency_scopes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+from unittest.mock import Mock, call, patch
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Security
+from fastapi.security import SecurityScopes
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+
+async def security1(scopes: SecurityScopes):
+    return _security1(scopes.scopes)
+
+
+def _security1(scopes):  # pragma: no cover
+    pass
+
+
+async def security2(scopes: SecurityScopes):
+    return _security2(scopes.scopes)
+
+
+def _security2(scopes):  # pragma: no cover
+    pass
+
+
+async def dep3(
+    dep=Security(security1, scopes=["scope1"]),
+    dep2=Security(security2, scopes=["scope2"]),
+):
+    return {}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mocks():
+    with patch.dict(globals(), {"_security1": Mock()}):
+        with patch.dict(globals(), {"_security2": Mock()}):
+            yield
+
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/recursive_scopes")
+def recursive_scopes(dep=Security(dep3, scopes=["scope3"])):
+    return {}
+
+
+client = TestClient(app)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.xfail()
+# issue https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/5623
+def test_recursive_scopes(mocks):
+    """
+    Test that scope recursion properly applies.  Scopes added to a dependency should propagate
+    and be prepended correctly to all sub-dependencies.
+    """
+    client.get("recursive_scopes")
+    _security1.assert_has_calls([call(["scope3", "scope1"])])
+    _security2.assert_has_calls([call(["scope3", "scope2"])])