diff --git a/.flake8 b/.flake8 deleted file mode 100644 index 47ef7c07f..000000000 --- a/.flake8 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ -[flake8] -max-line-length = 88 -select = C,E,F,W,B,B9 -ignore = E203, E501, W503 -exclude = __init__.py diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.yml b/.github/DISCUSSION_TEMPLATE/questions.yml similarity index 82% rename from .github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.yml rename to .github/DISCUSSION_TEMPLATE/questions.yml index 5c76fd17e..98424a341 100644 --- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.yml +++ b/.github/DISCUSSION_TEMPLATE/questions.yml @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -name: Question or Problem -description: Ask a question or ask about a problem labels: [question] body: - type: markdown @@ -8,29 +6,29 @@ body: Thanks for your interest in FastAPI! 🚀 Please follow these instructions, fill every question, and do every step. 🙏 - - I'm asking this because answering questions and solving problems in GitHub issues is what consumes most of the time. - - I end up not being able to add new features, fix bugs, review pull requests, etc. as fast as I wish because I have to spend too much time handling issues. + + I'm asking this because answering questions and solving problems in GitHub is what consumes most of the time. + + I end up not being able to add new features, fix bugs, review pull requests, etc. as fast as I wish because I have to spend too much time handling questions. All that, on top of all the incredible help provided by a bunch of community members, the [FastAPI Experts](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#experts), that give a lot of their time to come here and help others. That's a lot of work they are doing, but if more FastAPI users came to help others like them just a little bit more, it would be much less effort for them (and you and me 😅). By asking questions in a structured way (following this) it will be much easier to help you. - + And there's a high chance that you will find the solution along the way and you won't even have to submit it and wait for an answer. 😎 - As there are too many issues with questions, I'll have to close the incomplete ones. That will allow me (and others) to focus on helping people like you that follow the whole process and help us help you. 🤓 + As there are too many questions, I'll have to discard and close the incomplete ones. That will allow me (and others) to focus on helping people like you that follow the whole process and help us help you. 🤓 - type: checkboxes id: checks attributes: label: First Check description: Please confirm and check all the following options. options: - - label: I added a very descriptive title to this issue. + - label: I added a very descriptive title here. required: true - - label: I used the GitHub search to find a similar issue and didn't find it. + - label: I used the GitHub search to find a similar question and didn't find it. required: true - label: I searched the FastAPI documentation, with the integrated search. required: true @@ -38,7 +36,7 @@ body: required: true - label: I already read and followed all the tutorial in the docs and didn't find an answer. required: true - - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Pydantic](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic). + - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Pydantic](https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic). required: true - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Swagger UI](https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui). required: true @@ -50,10 +48,10 @@ body: label: Commit to Help description: | After submitting this, I commit to one of: - - * Read open issues with questions until I find 2 issues where I can help someone and add a comment to help there. + + * Read open questions until I find 2 where I can help someone and add a comment to help there. * I already hit the "watch" button in this repository to receive notifications and I commit to help at least 2 people that ask questions in the future. - * Implement a Pull Request for a confirmed bug. + * Review one Pull Request by downloading the code and following [all the review process](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/help-fastapi/#review-pull-requests). options: - label: I commit to help with one of those options 👆 @@ -125,6 +123,20 @@ body: ``` validations: required: true + - type: input + id: pydantic-version + attributes: + label: Pydantic Version + description: | + What Pydantic version are you using? + + You can find the Pydantic version with: + + ```bash + python -c "import pydantic; print(pydantic.version.VERSION)" + ``` + validations: + required: true - type: input id: python-version attributes: diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml index 55749398f..a8f4c4de2 100644 --- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml +++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml @@ -2,3 +2,15 @@ blank_issues_enabled: false contact_links: - name: Security Contact about: Please report security vulnerabilities to security@tiangolo.com + - name: Question or Problem + about: Ask a question or ask about a problem in GitHub Discussions. + url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/questions + - name: Feature Request + about: To suggest an idea or ask about a feature, please start with a question saying what you would like to achieve. There might be a way to do it already. + url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/questions + - name: Show and tell + about: Show what you built with FastAPI or to be used with FastAPI. + url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/show-and-tell + - name: Translations + about: Coordinate translations in GitHub Discussions. + url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/translations diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature-request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature-request.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 8176602a7..000000000 --- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature-request.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,181 +0,0 @@ -name: Feature Request -description: Suggest an idea or ask for a feature that you would like to have in FastAPI -labels: [enhancement] -body: - - type: markdown - attributes: - value: | - Thanks for your interest in FastAPI! 🚀 - - Please follow these instructions, fill every question, and do every step. 🙏 - - I'm asking this because answering questions and solving problems in GitHub issues is what consumes most of the time. - - I end up not being able to add new features, fix bugs, review pull requests, etc. as fast as I wish because I have to spend too much time handling issues. - - All that, on top of all the incredible help provided by a bunch of community members, the [FastAPI Experts](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fastapi-people/#experts), that give a lot of their time to come here and help others. - - That's a lot of work they are doing, but if more FastAPI users came to help others like them just a little bit more, it would be much less effort for them (and you and me 😅). - - By asking questions in a structured way (following this) it will be much easier to help you. - - And there's a high chance that you will find the solution along the way and you won't even have to submit it and wait for an answer. 😎 - - As there are too many issues with questions, I'll have to close the incomplete ones. That will allow me (and others) to focus on helping people like you that follow the whole process and help us help you. 🤓 - - type: checkboxes - id: checks - attributes: - label: First Check - description: Please confirm and check all the following options. - options: - - label: I added a very descriptive title to this issue. - required: true - - label: I used the GitHub search to find a similar issue and didn't find it. - required: true - - label: I searched the FastAPI documentation, with the integrated search. - required: true - - label: I already searched in Google "How to X in FastAPI" and didn't find any information. - required: true - - label: I already read and followed all the tutorial in the docs and didn't find an answer. - required: true - - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Pydantic](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic). - required: true - - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [Swagger UI](https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui). - required: true - - label: I already checked if it is not related to FastAPI but to [ReDoc](https://github.com/Redocly/redoc). - required: true - - type: checkboxes - id: help - attributes: - label: Commit to Help - description: | - After submitting this, I commit to one of: - - * Read open issues with questions until I find 2 issues where I can help someone and add a comment to help there. - * I already hit the "watch" button in this repository to receive notifications and I commit to help at least 2 people that ask questions in the future. - * Implement a Pull Request for a confirmed bug. - - options: - - label: I commit to help with one of those options 👆 - required: true - - type: textarea - id: example - attributes: - label: Example Code - description: | - Please add a self-contained, [minimal, reproducible, example](https://stackoverflow.com/help/minimal-reproducible-example) with your use case. - - If I (or someone) can copy it, run it, and see it right away, there's a much higher chance I (or someone) will be able to help you. - - placeholder: | - from fastapi import FastAPI - - app = FastAPI() - - - @app.get("/") - def read_root(): - return {"Hello": "World"} - render: python - validations: - required: true - - type: textarea - id: description - attributes: - label: Description - description: | - What is your feature request? - - Write a short description telling me what you are trying to solve and what you are currently doing. - placeholder: | - * Open the browser and call the endpoint `/`. - * It returns a JSON with `{"Hello": "World"}`. - * I would like it to have an extra parameter to teleport me to the moon and back. - validations: - required: true - - type: textarea - id: wanted-solution - attributes: - label: Wanted Solution - description: | - Tell me what's the solution you would like. - placeholder: | - I would like it to have a `teleport_to_moon` parameter that defaults to `False`, and can be set to `True` to teleport me. - validations: - required: true - - type: textarea - id: wanted-code - attributes: - label: Wanted Code - description: Show me an example of how you would want the code to look like. - placeholder: | - from fastapi import FastAPI - - app = FastAPI() - - - @app.get("/", teleport_to_moon=True) - def read_root(): - return {"Hello": "World"} - render: python - validations: - required: true - - type: textarea - id: alternatives - attributes: - label: Alternatives - description: | - Tell me about alternatives you've considered. - placeholder: | - To wait for Space X moon travel plans to drop down long after they release them. But I would rather teleport. - - type: dropdown - id: os - attributes: - label: Operating System - description: What operating system are you on? - multiple: true - options: - - Linux - - Windows - - macOS - - Other - validations: - required: true - - type: textarea - id: os-details - attributes: - label: Operating System Details - description: You can add more details about your operating system here, in particular if you chose "Other". - - type: input - id: fastapi-version - attributes: - label: FastAPI Version - description: | - What FastAPI version are you using? - - You can find the FastAPI version with: - - ```bash - python -c "import fastapi; print(fastapi.__version__)" - ``` - validations: - required: true - - type: input - id: python-version - attributes: - label: Python Version - description: | - What Python version are you using? - - You can find the Python version with: - - ```bash - python --version - ``` - validations: - required: true - - type: textarea - id: context - attributes: - label: Additional Context - description: Add any additional context information or screenshots you think are useful. diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/privileged.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/privileged.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c01e34b6d --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/privileged.yml @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +name: Privileged +description: You are @tiangolo or he asked you directly to create an issue here. If not, check the other options. 👇 +body: + - type: markdown + attributes: + value: | + Thanks for your interest in FastAPI! 🚀 + + If you are not @tiangolo or he didn't ask you directly to create an issue here, please start the conversation in a [Question in GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/discussions/categories/questions) instead. + - type: checkboxes + id: privileged + attributes: + label: Privileged issue + description: Confirm that you are allowed to create an issue here. + options: + - label: I'm @tiangolo or he asked me directly to create an issue here. + required: true + - type: textarea + id: content + attributes: + label: Issue Content + description: Add the content of the issue here. diff --git a/.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr/Dockerfile b/.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr/Dockerfile index 4f20c5f10..42627fe19 100644 --- a/.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr/Dockerfile +++ b/.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr/Dockerfile @@ -1,6 +1,8 @@ -FROM python:3.7 +FROM python:3.10 -RUN pip install httpx "pydantic==1.5.1" pygithub +COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install -r /app/requirements.txt COPY ./app /app diff --git a/.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr/app/main.py b/.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr/app/main.py index 3b10e0ee0..8cc119fe0 100644 --- a/.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr/app/main.py +++ b/.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr/app/main.py @@ -1,12 +1,13 @@ import logging import sys from pathlib import Path -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union import httpx from github import Github from github.PullRequest import PullRequest -from pydantic import BaseModel, BaseSettings, SecretStr, ValidationError +from pydantic import BaseModel, SecretStr, ValidationError +from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings github_api = "https://api.github.com" @@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ github_api = "https://api.github.com" class Settings(BaseSettings): github_repository: str github_event_path: Path - github_event_name: Optional[str] = None + github_event_name: Union[str, None] = None input_token: SecretStr input_deploy_url: str @@ -42,15 +43,13 @@ if __name__ == "__main__": except ValidationError as e: logging.error(f"Error parsing event file: {e.errors()}") sys.exit(0) - use_pr: Optional[PullRequest] = None + use_pr: Union[PullRequest, None] = None for pr in repo.get_pulls(): if pr.head.sha == event.workflow_run.head_commit.id: use_pr = pr break if not use_pr: - logging.error( - f"No PR found for hash: {event.workflow_run.head_commit.id}" - ) + logging.error(f"No PR found for hash: {event.workflow_run.head_commit.id}") sys.exit(0) github_headers = { "Authorization": f"token {settings.input_token.get_secret_value()}" diff --git a/.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr/requirements.txt b/.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr/requirements.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..74a3631f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr/requirements.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +PyGithub +pydantic>=2.5.3,<3.0.0 +pydantic-settings>=2.1.0,<3.0.0 +httpx diff --git a/.github/actions/notify-translations/Dockerfile b/.github/actions/notify-translations/Dockerfile index fa4197e6a..b68b4bb1a 100644 --- a/.github/actions/notify-translations/Dockerfile +++ b/.github/actions/notify-translations/Dockerfile @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -FROM python:3.7 +FROM python:3.9 RUN pip install httpx PyGithub "pydantic==1.5.1" "pyyaml>=5.3.1,<6.0.0" diff --git a/.github/actions/notify-translations/app/main.py b/.github/actions/notify-translations/app/main.py index 7d6c1a4d2..8ac1f233d 100644 --- a/.github/actions/notify-translations/app/main.py +++ b/.github/actions/notify-translations/app/main.py @@ -1,25 +1,186 @@ import logging +import random +import sys import time from pathlib import Path -import random -from typing import Dict, Optional +from typing import Any, Dict, List, Union, cast -import yaml +import httpx from github import Github from pydantic import BaseModel, BaseSettings, SecretStr -awaiting_label = "awaiting review" +awaiting_label = "awaiting-review" lang_all_label = "lang-all" approved_label = "approved-2" translations_path = Path(__file__).parent / "translations.yml" +github_graphql_url = "https://api.github.com/graphql" +questions_translations_category_id = "DIC_kwDOCZduT84CT5P9" + +all_discussions_query = """ +query Q($category_id: ID) { + repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") { + discussions(categoryId: $category_id, first: 100) { + nodes { + title + id + number + labels(first: 10) { + edges { + node { + id + name + } + } + } + } + } + } +} +""" + +translation_discussion_query = """ +query Q($after: String, $discussion_number: Int!) { + repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") { + discussion(number: $discussion_number) { + comments(first: 100, after: $after) { + edges { + cursor + node { + id + url + body + } + } + } + } + } +} +""" + +add_comment_mutation = """ +mutation Q($discussion_id: ID!, $body: String!) { + addDiscussionComment(input: {discussionId: $discussion_id, body: $body}) { + comment { + id + url + body + } + } +} +""" + +update_comment_mutation = """ +mutation Q($comment_id: ID!, $body: String!) { + updateDiscussionComment(input: {commentId: $comment_id, body: $body}) { + comment { + id + url + body + } + } +} +""" + + +class Comment(BaseModel): + id: str + url: str + body: str + + +class UpdateDiscussionComment(BaseModel): + comment: Comment + + +class UpdateCommentData(BaseModel): + updateDiscussionComment: UpdateDiscussionComment + + +class UpdateCommentResponse(BaseModel): + data: UpdateCommentData + + +class AddDiscussionComment(BaseModel): + comment: Comment + + +class AddCommentData(BaseModel): + addDiscussionComment: AddDiscussionComment + + +class AddCommentResponse(BaseModel): + data: AddCommentData + + +class CommentsEdge(BaseModel): + node: Comment + cursor: str + + +class Comments(BaseModel): + edges: List[CommentsEdge] + + +class CommentsDiscussion(BaseModel): + comments: Comments + + +class CommentsRepository(BaseModel): + discussion: CommentsDiscussion + + +class CommentsData(BaseModel): + repository: CommentsRepository + + +class CommentsResponse(BaseModel): + data: CommentsData + + +class AllDiscussionsLabelNode(BaseModel): + id: str + name: str + + +class AllDiscussionsLabelsEdge(BaseModel): + node: AllDiscussionsLabelNode + + +class AllDiscussionsDiscussionLabels(BaseModel): + edges: List[AllDiscussionsLabelsEdge] + + +class AllDiscussionsDiscussionNode(BaseModel): + title: str + id: str + number: int + labels: AllDiscussionsDiscussionLabels + + +class AllDiscussionsDiscussions(BaseModel): + nodes: List[AllDiscussionsDiscussionNode] + + +class AllDiscussionsRepository(BaseModel): + discussions: AllDiscussionsDiscussions + + +class AllDiscussionsData(BaseModel): + repository: AllDiscussionsRepository + + +class AllDiscussionsResponse(BaseModel): + data: AllDiscussionsData + class Settings(BaseSettings): github_repository: str input_token: SecretStr github_event_path: Path - github_event_name: Optional[str] = None - input_debug: Optional[bool] = False + github_event_name: Union[str, None] = None + httpx_timeout: int = 30 + input_debug: Union[bool, None] = False class PartialGitHubEventIssue(BaseModel): @@ -30,6 +191,113 @@ class PartialGitHubEvent(BaseModel): pull_request: PartialGitHubEventIssue +def get_graphql_response( + *, + settings: Settings, + query: str, + after: Union[str, None] = None, + category_id: Union[str, None] = None, + discussion_number: Union[int, None] = None, + discussion_id: Union[str, None] = None, + comment_id: Union[str, None] = None, + body: Union[str, None] = None, +) -> Dict[str, Any]: + headers = {"Authorization": f"token {settings.input_token.get_secret_value()}"} + # some fields are only used by one query, but GraphQL allows unused variables, so + # keep them here for simplicity + variables = { + "after": after, + "category_id": category_id, + "discussion_number": discussion_number, + "discussion_id": discussion_id, + "comment_id": comment_id, + "body": body, + } + response = httpx.post( + github_graphql_url, + headers=headers, + timeout=settings.httpx_timeout, + json={"query": query, "variables": variables, "operationName": "Q"}, + ) + if response.status_code != 200: + logging.error( + f"Response was not 200, after: {after}, category_id: {category_id}" + ) + logging.error(response.text) + raise RuntimeError(response.text) + data = response.json() + if "errors" in data: + logging.error(f"Errors in response, after: {after}, category_id: {category_id}") + logging.error(response.text) + raise RuntimeError(response.text) + return cast(Dict[str, Any], data) + + +def get_graphql_translation_discussions(*, settings: Settings): + data = get_graphql_response( + settings=settings, + query=all_discussions_query, + category_id=questions_translations_category_id, + ) + graphql_response = AllDiscussionsResponse.parse_obj(data) + return graphql_response.data.repository.discussions.nodes + + +def get_graphql_translation_discussion_comments_edges( + *, settings: Settings, discussion_number: int, after: Union[str, None] = None +): + data = get_graphql_response( + settings=settings, + query=translation_discussion_query, + discussion_number=discussion_number, + after=after, + ) + graphql_response = CommentsResponse.parse_obj(data) + return graphql_response.data.repository.discussion.comments.edges + + +def get_graphql_translation_discussion_comments( + *, settings: Settings, discussion_number: int +): + comment_nodes: List[Comment] = [] + discussion_edges = get_graphql_translation_discussion_comments_edges( + settings=settings, discussion_number=discussion_number + ) + + while discussion_edges: + for discussion_edge in discussion_edges: + comment_nodes.append(discussion_edge.node) + last_edge = discussion_edges[-1] + discussion_edges = get_graphql_translation_discussion_comments_edges( + settings=settings, + discussion_number=discussion_number, + after=last_edge.cursor, + ) + return comment_nodes + + +def create_comment(*, settings: Settings, discussion_id: str, body: str): + data = get_graphql_response( + settings=settings, + query=add_comment_mutation, + discussion_id=discussion_id, + body=body, + ) + response = AddCommentResponse.parse_obj(data) + return response.data.addDiscussionComment.comment + + +def update_comment(*, settings: Settings, comment_id: str, body: str): + data = get_graphql_response( + settings=settings, + query=update_comment_mutation, + comment_id=comment_id, + body=body, + ) + response = UpdateCommentResponse.parse_obj(data) + return response.data.updateDiscussionComment.comment + + if __name__ == "__main__": settings = Settings() if settings.input_debug: @@ -45,60 +313,105 @@ if __name__ == "__main__": ) contents = settings.github_event_path.read_text() github_event = PartialGitHubEvent.parse_raw(contents) - translations_map: Dict[str, int] = yaml.safe_load(translations_path.read_text()) - logging.debug(f"Using translations map: {translations_map}") + + # Avoid race conditions with multiple labels sleep_time = random.random() * 10 # random number between 0 and 10 seconds - pr = repo.get_pull(github_event.pull_request.number) - logging.debug( - f"Processing PR: {pr.number}, with anti-race condition sleep time: {sleep_time}" + logging.info( + f"Sleeping for {sleep_time} seconds to avoid " + "race conditions and multiple comments" ) - if pr.state == "open": - logging.debug(f"PR is open: {pr.number}") - label_strs = set([label.name for label in pr.get_labels()]) - if lang_all_label in label_strs and awaiting_label in label_strs: - logging.info( - f"This PR seems to be a language translation and awaiting reviews: {pr.number}" - ) - if approved_label in label_strs: - message = ( - f"It seems this PR already has the approved label: {pr.number}" - ) - logging.error(message) - raise RuntimeError(message) - langs = [] - for label in label_strs: - if label.startswith("lang-") and not label == lang_all_label: - langs.append(label[5:]) - for lang in langs: - if lang in translations_map: - num = translations_map[lang] - logging.info( - f"Found a translation issue for language: {lang} in issue: {num}" - ) - issue = repo.get_issue(num) - message = f"Good news everyone! 😉 There's a new translation PR to be reviewed: #{pr.number} 🎉" - already_notified = False - time.sleep(sleep_time) - logging.info( - f"Sleeping for {sleep_time} seconds to avoid race conditions and multiple comments" - ) - logging.info( - f"Checking current comments in issue: {num} to see if already notified about this PR: {pr.number}" - ) - for comment in issue.get_comments(): - if message in comment.body: - already_notified = True - if not already_notified: - logging.info( - f"Writing comment in issue: {num} about PR: {pr.number}" - ) - issue.create_comment(message) - else: - logging.info( - f"Issue: {num} was already notified of PR: {pr.number}" - ) - else: + time.sleep(sleep_time) + + # Get PR + logging.debug(f"Processing PR: #{github_event.pull_request.number}") + pr = repo.get_pull(github_event.pull_request.number) + label_strs = {label.name for label in pr.get_labels()} + langs = [] + for label in label_strs: + if label.startswith("lang-") and not label == lang_all_label: + langs.append(label[5:]) + logging.info(f"PR #{pr.number} has labels: {label_strs}") + if not langs or lang_all_label not in label_strs: + logging.info(f"PR #{pr.number} doesn't seem to be a translation PR, skipping") + sys.exit(0) + + # Generate translation map, lang ID to discussion + discussions = get_graphql_translation_discussions(settings=settings) + lang_to_discussion_map: Dict[str, AllDiscussionsDiscussionNode] = {} + for discussion in discussions: + for edge in discussion.labels.edges: + label = edge.node.name + if label.startswith("lang-") and not label == lang_all_label: + lang = label[5:] + lang_to_discussion_map[lang] = discussion + logging.debug(f"Using translations map: {lang_to_discussion_map}") + + # Messages to create or check + new_translation_message = f"Good news everyone! 😉 There's a new translation PR to be reviewed: #{pr.number} by @{pr.user.login}. 🎉 This requires 2 approvals from native speakers to be merged. 🤓" + done_translation_message = f"~There's a new translation PR to be reviewed: #{pr.number} by @{pr.user.login}~ Good job! This is done. 🍰☕" + + # Normally only one language, but still + for lang in langs: + if lang not in lang_to_discussion_map: + log_message = f"Could not find discussion for language: {lang}" + logging.error(log_message) + raise RuntimeError(log_message) + discussion = lang_to_discussion_map[lang] logging.info( - f"Changing labels in a closed PR doesn't trigger comments, PR: {pr.number}" + f"Found a translation discussion for language: {lang} in discussion: #{discussion.number}" ) + + already_notified_comment: Union[Comment, None] = None + already_done_comment: Union[Comment, None] = None + + logging.info( + f"Checking current comments in discussion: #{discussion.number} to see if already notified about this PR: #{pr.number}" + ) + comments = get_graphql_translation_discussion_comments( + settings=settings, discussion_number=discussion.number + ) + for comment in comments: + if new_translation_message in comment.body: + already_notified_comment = comment + elif done_translation_message in comment.body: + already_done_comment = comment + logging.info( + f"Already notified comment: {already_notified_comment}, already done comment: {already_done_comment}" + ) + + if pr.state == "open" and awaiting_label in label_strs: + logging.info( + f"This PR seems to be a language translation and awaiting reviews: #{pr.number}" + ) + if already_notified_comment: + logging.info( + f"This PR #{pr.number} was already notified in comment: {already_notified_comment.url}" + ) + else: + logging.info( + f"Writing notification comment about PR #{pr.number} in Discussion: #{discussion.number}" + ) + comment = create_comment( + settings=settings, + discussion_id=discussion.id, + body=new_translation_message, + ) + logging.info(f"Notified in comment: {comment.url}") + elif pr.state == "closed" or approved_label in label_strs: + logging.info(f"Already approved or closed PR #{pr.number}") + if already_done_comment: + logging.info( + f"This PR #{pr.number} was already marked as done in comment: {already_done_comment.url}" + ) + elif already_notified_comment: + updated_comment = update_comment( + settings=settings, + comment_id=already_notified_comment.id, + body=done_translation_message, + ) + logging.info(f"Marked as done in comment: {updated_comment.url}") + else: + logging.info( + f"There doesn't seem to be anything to be done about PR #{pr.number}" + ) logging.info("Finished") diff --git a/.github/actions/notify-translations/app/translations.yml b/.github/actions/notify-translations/app/translations.yml deleted file mode 100644 index decd63498..000000000 --- a/.github/actions/notify-translations/app/translations.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -pt: 1211 -es: 1218 -zh: 1228 -ru: 1362 -it: 1556 -ja: 1572 -uk: 1748 -tr: 1892 -fr: 1972 -ko: 2017 -sq: 2041 -pl: 3169 -de: 3716 -id: 3717 -az: 3994 diff --git a/.github/actions/people/Dockerfile b/.github/actions/people/Dockerfile index fa4197e6a..1455106bd 100644 --- a/.github/actions/people/Dockerfile +++ b/.github/actions/people/Dockerfile @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -FROM python:3.7 +FROM python:3.9 -RUN pip install httpx PyGithub "pydantic==1.5.1" "pyyaml>=5.3.1,<6.0.0" +RUN pip install httpx PyGithub "pydantic==2.0.2" pydantic-settings "pyyaml>=5.3.1,<6.0.0" COPY ./app /app diff --git a/.github/actions/people/action.yml b/.github/actions/people/action.yml index 16bc8cdcb..71745b874 100644 --- a/.github/actions/people/action.yml +++ b/.github/actions/people/action.yml @@ -3,10 +3,7 @@ description: "Generate the data for the FastAPI People page" author: "Sebastián Ramírez " inputs: token: - description: 'User token, to read the GitHub API. Can be passed in using {{ secrets.ACTION_TOKEN }}' - required: true - standard_token: - description: 'Default GitHub Action token, used for the PR. Can be passed in using {{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}' + description: 'User token, to read the GitHub API. Can be passed in using {{ secrets.FASTAPI_PEOPLE }}' required: true runs: using: 'docker' diff --git a/.github/actions/people/app/main.py b/.github/actions/people/app/main.py index dc0bbc4c0..cb6b229e8 100644 --- a/.github/actions/people/app/main.py +++ b/.github/actions/people/app/main.py @@ -4,17 +4,62 @@ import sys from collections import Counter, defaultdict from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone from pathlib import Path -from typing import Container, DefaultDict, Dict, List, Optional, Set +from typing import Any, Container, DefaultDict, Dict, List, Set, Union import httpx import yaml from github import Github -from pydantic import BaseModel, BaseSettings, SecretStr +from pydantic import BaseModel, SecretStr +from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings github_graphql_url = "https://api.github.com/graphql" +questions_category_id = "MDE4OkRpc2N1c3Npb25DYXRlZ29yeTMyMDAxNDM0" + +discussions_query = """ +query Q($after: String, $category_id: ID) { + repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") { + discussions(first: 100, after: $after, categoryId: $category_id) { + edges { + cursor + node { + number + author { + login + avatarUrl + url + } + title + createdAt + comments(first: 100) { + nodes { + createdAt + author { + login + avatarUrl + url + } + isAnswer + replies(first: 10) { + nodes { + createdAt + author { + login + avatarUrl + url + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + } +} +""" issues_query = """ -query Q($after: String) { +query Q($after: String) { repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") { issues(first: 100, after: $after) { edges { @@ -47,7 +92,7 @@ query Q($after: String) { """ prs_query = """ -query Q($after: String) { +query Q($after: String) { repository(name: "fastapi", owner: "tiangolo") { pullRequests(first: 100, after: $after) { edges { @@ -131,45 +176,92 @@ class Author(BaseModel): url: str +# Issues and Discussions + + class CommentsNode(BaseModel): createdAt: datetime - author: Optional[Author] = None + author: Union[Author, None] = None + + +class Replies(BaseModel): + nodes: List[CommentsNode] + + +class DiscussionsCommentsNode(CommentsNode): + replies: Replies class Comments(BaseModel): nodes: List[CommentsNode] +class DiscussionsComments(BaseModel): + nodes: List[DiscussionsCommentsNode] + + class IssuesNode(BaseModel): number: int - author: Optional[Author] = None + author: Union[Author, None] = None title: str createdAt: datetime state: str comments: Comments +class DiscussionsNode(BaseModel): + number: int + author: Union[Author, None] = None + title: str + createdAt: datetime + comments: DiscussionsComments + + class IssuesEdge(BaseModel): cursor: str node: IssuesNode +class DiscussionsEdge(BaseModel): + cursor: str + node: DiscussionsNode + + class Issues(BaseModel): edges: List[IssuesEdge] +class Discussions(BaseModel): + edges: List[DiscussionsEdge] + + class IssuesRepository(BaseModel): issues: Issues +class DiscussionsRepository(BaseModel): + discussions: Discussions + + class IssuesResponseData(BaseModel): repository: IssuesRepository +class DiscussionsResponseData(BaseModel): + repository: DiscussionsRepository + + class IssuesResponse(BaseModel): data: IssuesResponseData +class DiscussionsResponse(BaseModel): + data: DiscussionsResponseData + + +# PRs + + class LabelNode(BaseModel): name: str @@ -179,7 +271,7 @@ class Labels(BaseModel): class ReviewNode(BaseModel): - author: Optional[Author] = None + author: Union[Author, None] = None state: str @@ -190,7 +282,7 @@ class Reviews(BaseModel): class PullRequestNode(BaseModel): number: int labels: Labels - author: Optional[Author] = None + author: Union[Author, None] = None title: str createdAt: datetime state: str @@ -219,6 +311,9 @@ class PRsResponse(BaseModel): data: PRsResponseData +# Sponsors + + class SponsorEntity(BaseModel): login: str avatarUrl: str @@ -258,47 +353,76 @@ class SponsorsResponse(BaseModel): class Settings(BaseSettings): input_token: SecretStr - input_standard_token: SecretStr github_repository: str + httpx_timeout: int = 30 def get_graphql_response( - *, settings: Settings, query: str, after: Optional[str] = None -): + *, + settings: Settings, + query: str, + after: Union[str, None] = None, + category_id: Union[str, None] = None, +) -> Dict[str, Any]: headers = {"Authorization": f"token {settings.input_token.get_secret_value()}"} - variables = {"after": after} + # category_id is only used by one query, but GraphQL allows unused variables, so + # keep it here for simplicity + variables = {"after": after, "category_id": category_id} response = httpx.post( github_graphql_url, headers=headers, + timeout=settings.httpx_timeout, json={"query": query, "variables": variables, "operationName": "Q"}, ) - if not response.status_code == 200: - logging.error(f"Response was not 200, after: {after}") + if response.status_code != 200: + logging.error( + f"Response was not 200, after: {after}, category_id: {category_id}" + ) logging.error(response.text) raise RuntimeError(response.text) data = response.json() + if "errors" in data: + logging.error(f"Errors in response, after: {after}, category_id: {category_id}") + logging.error(data["errors"]) + logging.error(response.text) + raise RuntimeError(response.text) return data -def get_graphql_issue_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Optional[str] = None): +def get_graphql_issue_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Union[str, None] = None): data = get_graphql_response(settings=settings, query=issues_query, after=after) - graphql_response = IssuesResponse.parse_obj(data) + graphql_response = IssuesResponse.model_validate(data) return graphql_response.data.repository.issues.edges -def get_graphql_pr_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Optional[str] = None): +def get_graphql_question_discussion_edges( + *, + settings: Settings, + after: Union[str, None] = None, +): + data = get_graphql_response( + settings=settings, + query=discussions_query, + after=after, + category_id=questions_category_id, + ) + graphql_response = DiscussionsResponse.model_validate(data) + return graphql_response.data.repository.discussions.edges + + +def get_graphql_pr_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Union[str, None] = None): data = get_graphql_response(settings=settings, query=prs_query, after=after) - graphql_response = PRsResponse.parse_obj(data) + graphql_response = PRsResponse.model_validate(data) return graphql_response.data.repository.pullRequests.edges -def get_graphql_sponsor_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Optional[str] = None): +def get_graphql_sponsor_edges(*, settings: Settings, after: Union[str, None] = None): data = get_graphql_response(settings=settings, query=sponsors_query, after=after) - graphql_response = SponsorsResponse.parse_obj(data) + graphql_response = SponsorsResponse.model_validate(data) return graphql_response.data.user.sponsorshipsAsMaintainer.edges -def get_experts(settings: Settings): +def get_issues_experts(settings: Settings): issue_nodes: List[IssuesNode] = [] issue_edges = get_graphql_issue_edges(settings=settings) @@ -324,13 +448,78 @@ def get_experts(settings: Settings): for comment in issue.comments.nodes: if comment.author: authors[comment.author.login] = comment.author - if comment.author.login == issue_author_name: - continue - issue_commentors.add(comment.author.login) + if comment.author.login != issue_author_name: + issue_commentors.add(comment.author.login) for author_name in issue_commentors: commentors[author_name] += 1 if issue.createdAt > one_month_ago: last_month_commentors[author_name] += 1 + + return commentors, last_month_commentors, authors + + +def get_discussions_experts(settings: Settings): + discussion_nodes: List[DiscussionsNode] = [] + discussion_edges = get_graphql_question_discussion_edges(settings=settings) + + while discussion_edges: + for discussion_edge in discussion_edges: + discussion_nodes.append(discussion_edge.node) + last_edge = discussion_edges[-1] + discussion_edges = get_graphql_question_discussion_edges( + settings=settings, after=last_edge.cursor + ) + + commentors = Counter() + last_month_commentors = Counter() + authors: Dict[str, Author] = {} + + now = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc) + one_month_ago = now - timedelta(days=30) + + for discussion in discussion_nodes: + discussion_author_name = None + if discussion.author: + authors[discussion.author.login] = discussion.author + discussion_author_name = discussion.author.login + discussion_commentors = set() + for comment in discussion.comments.nodes: + if comment.author: + authors[comment.author.login] = comment.author + if comment.author.login != discussion_author_name: + discussion_commentors.add(comment.author.login) + for reply in comment.replies.nodes: + if reply.author: + authors[reply.author.login] = reply.author + if reply.author.login != discussion_author_name: + discussion_commentors.add(reply.author.login) + for author_name in discussion_commentors: + commentors[author_name] += 1 + if discussion.createdAt > one_month_ago: + last_month_commentors[author_name] += 1 + return commentors, last_month_commentors, authors + + +def get_experts(settings: Settings): + # Migrated to only use GitHub Discussions + # ( + # issues_commentors, + # issues_last_month_commentors, + # issues_authors, + # ) = get_issues_experts(settings=settings) + ( + discussions_commentors, + discussions_last_month_commentors, + discussions_authors, + ) = get_discussions_experts(settings=settings) + # commentors = issues_commentors + discussions_commentors + commentors = discussions_commentors + # last_month_commentors = ( + # issues_last_month_commentors + discussions_last_month_commentors + # ) + last_month_commentors = discussions_last_month_commentors + # authors = {**issues_authors, **discussions_authors} + authors = {**discussions_authors} return commentors, last_month_commentors, authors @@ -420,25 +609,25 @@ def get_top_users( if __name__ == "__main__": logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO) settings = Settings() - logging.info(f"Using config: {settings.json()}") - g = Github(settings.input_standard_token.get_secret_value()) + logging.info(f"Using config: {settings.model_dump_json()}") + g = Github(settings.input_token.get_secret_value()) repo = g.get_repo(settings.github_repository) - issue_commentors, issue_last_month_commentors, issue_authors = get_experts( + question_commentors, question_last_month_commentors, question_authors = get_experts( settings=settings ) contributors, pr_commentors, reviewers, pr_authors = get_contributors( settings=settings ) - authors = {**issue_authors, **pr_authors} + authors = {**question_authors, **pr_authors} maintainers_logins = {"tiangolo"} - bot_names = {"codecov", "github-actions"} + bot_names = {"codecov", "github-actions", "pre-commit-ci", "dependabot"} maintainers = [] for login in maintainers_logins: user = authors[login] maintainers.append( { "login": login, - "answers": issue_commentors[login], + "answers": question_commentors[login], "prs": contributors[login], "avatarUrl": user.avatarUrl, "url": user.url, @@ -451,13 +640,13 @@ if __name__ == "__main__": min_count_reviewer = 4 skip_users = maintainers_logins | bot_names experts = get_top_users( - counter=issue_commentors, + counter=question_commentors, min_count=min_count_expert, authors=authors, skip_users=skip_users, ) last_month_active = get_top_users( - counter=issue_last_month_commentors, + counter=question_last_month_commentors, min_count=min_count_last_month, authors=authors, skip_users=skip_users, @@ -501,9 +690,16 @@ if __name__ == "__main__": github_sponsors_path = Path("./docs/en/data/github_sponsors.yml") people_old_content = people_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8") github_sponsors_old_content = github_sponsors_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8") - new_people_content = yaml.dump(people, sort_keys=False, width=200, allow_unicode=True) - new_github_sponsors_content = yaml.dump(github_sponsors, sort_keys=False, width=200, allow_unicode=True) - if people_old_content == new_people_content and github_sponsors_old_content == new_github_sponsors_content: + new_people_content = yaml.dump( + people, sort_keys=False, width=200, allow_unicode=True + ) + new_github_sponsors_content = yaml.dump( + github_sponsors, sort_keys=False, width=200, allow_unicode=True + ) + if ( + people_old_content == new_people_content + and github_sponsors_old_content == new_github_sponsors_content + ): logging.info("The FastAPI People data hasn't changed, finishing.") sys.exit(0) people_path.write_text(new_people_content, encoding="utf-8") @@ -517,7 +713,9 @@ if __name__ == "__main__": logging.info(f"Creating a new branch {branch_name}") subprocess.run(["git", "checkout", "-b", branch_name], check=True) logging.info("Adding updated file") - subprocess.run(["git", "add", str(people_path)], check=True) + subprocess.run( + ["git", "add", str(people_path), str(github_sponsors_path)], check=True + ) logging.info("Committing updated file") message = "👥 Update FastAPI People" result = subprocess.run(["git", "commit", "-m", message], check=True) diff --git a/.github/actions/watch-previews/Dockerfile b/.github/actions/watch-previews/Dockerfile deleted file mode 100644 index b8cc64d94..000000000 --- a/.github/actions/watch-previews/Dockerfile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -FROM python:3.7 - -RUN pip install httpx PyGithub "pydantic==1.5.1" - -COPY ./app /app - -CMD ["python", "/app/main.py"] diff --git a/.github/actions/watch-previews/action.yml b/.github/actions/watch-previews/action.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 5c09ad487..000000000 --- a/.github/actions/watch-previews/action.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -name: "Watch docs previews in PRs" -description: "Check PRs and trigger new docs deploys" -author: "Sebastián Ramírez " -inputs: - token: - description: 'Token for the repo. Can be passed in using {{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}' - required: true -runs: - using: 'docker' - image: 'Dockerfile' diff --git a/.github/actions/watch-previews/app/main.py b/.github/actions/watch-previews/app/main.py deleted file mode 100644 index 3b3520599..000000000 --- a/.github/actions/watch-previews/app/main.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,101 +0,0 @@ -import logging -from datetime import datetime -from pathlib import Path -from typing import List, Optional - -import httpx -from github import Github -from github.NamedUser import NamedUser -from pydantic import BaseModel, BaseSettings, SecretStr - -github_api = "https://api.github.com" -netlify_api = "https://api.netlify.com" - - -class Settings(BaseSettings): - input_token: SecretStr - github_repository: str - github_event_path: Path - github_event_name: Optional[str] = None - - -class Artifact(BaseModel): - id: int - node_id: str - name: str - size_in_bytes: int - url: str - archive_download_url: str - expired: bool - created_at: datetime - updated_at: datetime - - -class ArtifactResponse(BaseModel): - total_count: int - artifacts: List[Artifact] - - -def get_message(commit: str) -> str: - return f"Docs preview for commit {commit} at" - - -if __name__ == "__main__": - logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO) - settings = Settings() - logging.info(f"Using config: {settings.json()}") - g = Github(settings.input_token.get_secret_value()) - repo = g.get_repo(settings.github_repository) - owner: NamedUser = repo.owner - headers = {"Authorization": f"token {settings.input_token.get_secret_value()}"} - prs = list(repo.get_pulls(state="open")) - response = httpx.get( - f"{github_api}/repos/{settings.github_repository}/actions/artifacts", - headers=headers, - ) - data = response.json() - artifacts_response = ArtifactResponse.parse_obj(data) - for pr in prs: - logging.info("-----") - logging.info(f"Processing PR #{pr.number}: {pr.title}") - pr_comments = list(pr.get_issue_comments()) - pr_commits = list(pr.get_commits()) - last_commit = pr_commits[0] - for pr_commit in pr_commits: - if pr_commit.commit.author.date > last_commit.commit.author.date: - last_commit = pr_commit - commit = last_commit.commit.sha - logging.info(f"Last commit: {commit}") - message = get_message(commit) - notified = False - for pr_comment in pr_comments: - if message in pr_comment.body: - notified = True - logging.info(f"Docs preview was notified: {notified}") - if not notified: - artifact_name = f"docs-zip-{commit}" - use_artifact: Optional[Artifact] = None - for artifact in artifacts_response.artifacts: - if artifact.name == artifact_name: - use_artifact = artifact - break - if not use_artifact: - logging.info("Artifact not available") - else: - logging.info(f"Existing artifact: {use_artifact.name}") - response = httpx.post( - "https://api.github.com/repos/tiangolo/fastapi/actions/workflows/preview-docs.yml/dispatches", - headers=headers, - json={ - "ref": "master", - "inputs": { - "pr": f"{pr.number}", - "name": artifact_name, - "commit": commit, - }, - }, - ) - logging.info( - f"Trigger sent, response status: {response.status_code} - content: {response.content}" - ) - logging.info("Finished") diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0a59adbd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/dependabot.yml @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +version: 2 +updates: + # GitHub Actions + - package-ecosystem: "github-actions" + directory: "/" + schedule: + interval: "daily" + commit-message: + prefix: ⬆ + # Python + - package-ecosystem: "pip" + directory: "/" + schedule: + interval: "monthly" + groups: + python-packages: + patterns: + - "*" + commit-message: + prefix: ⬆ diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-docs.yml b/.github/workflows/build-docs.yml index eba5fc57e..7783161b9 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/build-docs.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/build-docs.yml @@ -1,50 +1,124 @@ name: Build Docs on: push: + branches: + - master pull_request: - types: [opened, synchronize] + types: + - opened + - synchronize jobs: + changes: + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + # Required permissions + permissions: + pull-requests: read + # Set job outputs to values from filter step + outputs: + docs: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.docs }} + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v4 + # For pull requests it's not necessary to checkout the code but for master it is + - uses: dorny/paths-filter@v2 + id: filter + with: + filters: | + docs: + - README.md + - docs/** + - docs_src/** + - requirements-docs.txt + - .github/workflows/build-docs.yml + - .github/workflows/deploy-docs.yml + langs: + needs: + - changes + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + outputs: + langs: ${{ steps.show-langs.outputs.langs }} + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v4 + - name: Set up Python + uses: actions/setup-python@v5 + with: + python-version: "3.11" + - uses: actions/cache@v3 + id: cache + with: + path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }} + key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-docs-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml', 'requirements-docs.txt', 'requirements-docs-tests.txt') }}-v06 + - name: Install docs extras + if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' + run: pip install -r requirements-docs.txt + # Install MkDocs Material Insiders here just to put it in the cache for the rest of the steps + - name: Install Material for MkDocs Insiders + if: ( github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.secret_source == 'Actions' ) && steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' + run: | + pip install git+https://${{ secrets.FASTAPI_MKDOCS_MATERIAL_INSIDERS }}@github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material-insiders.git + pip install git+https://${{ secrets.FASTAPI_MKDOCS_MATERIAL_INSIDERS }}@github.com/pawamoy-insiders/griffe-typing-deprecated.git + pip install git+https://${{ secrets.FASTAPI_MKDOCS_MATERIAL_INSIDERS }}@github.com/pawamoy-insiders/mkdocstrings-python.git + - name: Verify Docs + run: python ./scripts/docs.py verify-docs + - name: Export Language Codes + id: show-langs + run: | + echo "langs=$(python ./scripts/docs.py langs-json)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT + build-docs: - runs-on: ubuntu-18.04 + needs: + - changes + - langs + if: ${{ needs.changes.outputs.docs == 'true' }} + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + strategy: + matrix: + lang: ${{ fromJson(needs.langs.outputs.langs) }} steps: - name: Dump GitHub context env: GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }} run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT" - - uses: actions/checkout@v2 + - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - name: Set up Python - uses: actions/setup-python@v2 + uses: actions/setup-python@v5 with: - python-version: "3.7" - - uses: actions/cache@v2 + python-version: "3.11" + - uses: actions/cache@v3 id: cache with: path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }} - key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-docs - - name: Install Flit - if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' - run: python3.7 -m pip install flit + key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-docs-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml', 'requirements-docs.txt', 'requirements-docs-tests.txt') }}-v06 - name: Install docs extras if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' - run: python3.7 -m flit install --deps production --extras doc + run: pip install -r requirements-docs.txt - name: Install Material for MkDocs Insiders - if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork == false && steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' - run: pip install git+https://${{ secrets.ACTIONS_TOKEN }}@github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material-insiders.git + if: ( github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.secret_source != 'Actions' ) && steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' + run: | + pip install git+https://${{ secrets.FASTAPI_MKDOCS_MATERIAL_INSIDERS }}@github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material-insiders.git + pip install git+https://${{ secrets.FASTAPI_MKDOCS_MATERIAL_INSIDERS }}@github.com/pawamoy-insiders/griffe-typing-deprecated.git + pip install git+https://${{ secrets.FASTAPI_MKDOCS_MATERIAL_INSIDERS }}@github.com/pawamoy-insiders/mkdocstrings-python.git + - name: Update Languages + run: python ./scripts/docs.py update-languages + - uses: actions/cache@v3 + with: + key: mkdocs-cards-${{ matrix.lang }}-${{ github.ref }} + path: docs/${{ matrix.lang }}/.cache - name: Build Docs - run: python3.7 ./scripts/docs.py build-all - - name: Zip docs - run: bash ./scripts/zip-docs.sh - - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2 + run: python ./scripts/docs.py build-lang ${{ matrix.lang }} + - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3 with: - name: docs-zip - path: ./docs.zip - - name: Deploy to Netlify - uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v1.1.5 + name: docs-site + path: ./site/** + + # https://github.com/marketplace/actions/alls-green#why + docs-all-green: # This job does nothing and is only used for the branch protection + if: always() + needs: + - build-docs + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + steps: + - name: Decide whether the needed jobs succeeded or failed + uses: re-actors/alls-green@release/v1 with: - publish-dir: './site' - production-branch: master - github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} - enable-commit-comment: false - env: - NETLIFY_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NETLIFY_AUTH_TOKEN }} - NETLIFY_SITE_ID: ${{ secrets.NETLIFY_SITE_ID }} + jobs: ${{ toJSON(needs) }} + allowed-skips: build-docs diff --git a/.github/workflows/deploy-docs.yml b/.github/workflows/deploy-docs.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2bec6682c --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/workflows/deploy-docs.yml @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +name: Deploy Docs +on: + workflow_run: + workflows: + - Build Docs + types: + - completed + +jobs: + deploy-docs: + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + steps: + - name: Dump GitHub context + env: + GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }} + run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT" + - uses: actions/checkout@v4 + - name: Clean site + run: | + rm -rf ./site + mkdir ./site + - name: Download Artifact Docs + id: download + uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v3.0.0 + with: + if_no_artifact_found: ignore + github_token: ${{ secrets.FASTAPI_PREVIEW_DOCS_DOWNLOAD_ARTIFACTS }} + workflow: build-docs.yml + run_id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }} + name: docs-site + path: ./site/ + - name: Deploy to Cloudflare Pages + if: steps.download.outputs.found_artifact == 'true' + id: deploy + uses: cloudflare/pages-action@v1 + with: + apiToken: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN }} + accountId: ${{ secrets.CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID }} + projectName: fastapitiangolo + directory: './site' + gitHubToken: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} + branch: ${{ ( github.event.workflow_run.head_repository.full_name == github.repository && github.event.workflow_run.head_branch == 'master' && 'main' ) || ( github.event.workflow_run.head_sha ) }} + - name: Comment Deploy + if: steps.deploy.outputs.url != '' + uses: ./.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr + with: + token: ${{ secrets.FASTAPI_PREVIEW_DOCS_COMMENT_DEPLOY }} + deploy_url: "${{ steps.deploy.outputs.url }}" diff --git a/.github/workflows/issue-manager.yml b/.github/workflows/issue-manager.yml index e2fb4f7a4..0f564d721 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/issue-manager.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/issue-manager.yml @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: Issue Manager on: schedule: - - cron: "0 0 * * *" + - cron: "10 3 * * *" issue_comment: types: - created @@ -16,15 +16,24 @@ on: jobs: issue-manager: + if: github.repository_owner == 'tiangolo' runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - - uses: tiangolo/issue-manager@0.4.0 + - name: Dump GitHub context + env: + GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }} + run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT" + - uses: tiangolo/issue-manager@0.5.0 with: - token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} + token: ${{ secrets.FASTAPI_ISSUE_MANAGER }} config: > { "answered": { "delay": 864000, "message": "Assuming the original need was handled, this will be automatically closed now. But feel free to add more comments or create new issues or PRs." + }, + "changes-requested": { + "delay": 2628000, + "message": "As this PR had requested changes to be applied but has been inactive for a while, it's now going to be closed. But if there's anyone interested, feel free to create a new PR." } } diff --git a/.github/workflows/label-approved.yml b/.github/workflows/label-approved.yml index b2646dd16..51be2413d 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/label-approved.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/label-approved.yml @@ -3,11 +3,25 @@ name: Label Approved on: schedule: - cron: "0 12 * * *" + workflow_dispatch: jobs: label-approved: + if: github.repository_owner == 'tiangolo' runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - - uses: docker://tiangolo/label-approved:0.0.2 + - name: Dump GitHub context + env: + GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }} + run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT" + - uses: docker://tiangolo/label-approved:0.0.4 with: - token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} + token: ${{ secrets.FASTAPI_LABEL_APPROVED }} + config: > + { + "approved-1": + { + "number": 1, + "await_label": "awaiting-review" + } + } diff --git a/.github/workflows/latest-changes.yml b/.github/workflows/latest-changes.yml index 42236beba..27e062d09 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/latest-changes.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/latest-changes.yml @@ -12,29 +12,34 @@ on: description: PR number required: true debug_enabled: - description: 'Run the build with tmate debugging enabled (https://github.com/marketplace/actions/debugging-with-tmate)' + description: 'Run the build with tmate debugging enabled (https://github.com/marketplace/actions/debugging-with-tmate)' required: false - default: false + default: 'false' jobs: latest-changes: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - - uses: actions/checkout@v2 + - name: Dump GitHub context + env: + GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }} + run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT" + - uses: actions/checkout@v4 with: - # To allow latest-changes to commit to master - token: ${{ secrets.ACTIONS_TOKEN }} + # To allow latest-changes to commit to the main branch + token: ${{ secrets.FASTAPI_LATEST_CHANGES }} # Allow debugging with tmate - name: Setup tmate session uses: mxschmitt/action-tmate@v3 - if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.debug_enabled }} + if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.debug_enabled == 'true' }} with: limit-access-to-actor: true - token: ${{ secrets.ACTIONS_TOKEN }} - standard_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} - - uses: docker://tiangolo/latest-changes:0.0.3 + - uses: docker://tiangolo/latest-changes:0.3.0 + # - uses: tiangolo/latest-changes@main with: token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} latest_changes_file: docs/en/docs/release-notes.md - latest_changes_header: '## Latest Changes\n\n' + latest_changes_header: '## Latest Changes' + end_regex: '^## ' debug_logs: true + label_header_prefix: '### ' diff --git a/.github/workflows/notify-translations.yml b/.github/workflows/notify-translations.yml index 7e414ab95..c0904ce48 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/notify-translations.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/notify-translations.yml @@ -4,18 +4,32 @@ on: pull_request_target: types: - labeled + - closed + workflow_dispatch: + inputs: + number: + description: PR number + required: true + debug_enabled: + description: 'Run the build with tmate debugging enabled (https://github.com/marketplace/actions/debugging-with-tmate)' + required: false + default: 'false' jobs: notify-translations: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - - uses: actions/checkout@v2 + - name: Dump GitHub context + env: + GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }} + run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT" + - uses: actions/checkout@v4 # Allow debugging with tmate - name: Setup tmate session uses: mxschmitt/action-tmate@v3 - if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.debug_enabled }} + if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.debug_enabled == 'true' }} with: limit-access-to-actor: true - uses: ./.github/actions/notify-translations with: - token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} + token: ${{ secrets.FASTAPI_NOTIFY_TRANSLATIONS }} diff --git a/.github/workflows/people.yml b/.github/workflows/people.yml index 970813da7..b0868771d 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/people.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/people.yml @@ -6,24 +6,29 @@ on: workflow_dispatch: inputs: debug_enabled: - description: 'Run the build with tmate debugging enabled (https://github.com/marketplace/actions/debugging-with-tmate)' + description: 'Run the build with tmate debugging enabled (https://github.com/marketplace/actions/debugging-with-tmate)' required: false - default: false + default: 'false' jobs: fastapi-people: + if: github.repository_owner == 'tiangolo' runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - - uses: actions/checkout@v2 + - name: Dump GitHub context + env: + GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }} + run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT" + - uses: actions/checkout@v4 + # Ref: https://github.com/actions/runner/issues/2033 + - name: Fix git safe.directory in container + run: mkdir -p /home/runner/work/_temp/_github_home && printf "[safe]\n\tdirectory = /github/workspace" > /home/runner/work/_temp/_github_home/.gitconfig # Allow debugging with tmate - name: Setup tmate session uses: mxschmitt/action-tmate@v3 - if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.debug_enabled }} + if: ${{ github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.debug_enabled == 'true' }} with: limit-access-to-actor: true - token: ${{ secrets.ACTIONS_TOKEN }} - standard_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} - uses: ./.github/actions/people with: - token: ${{ secrets.ACTIONS_TOKEN }} - standard_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} + token: ${{ secrets.FASTAPI_PEOPLE }} diff --git a/.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml b/.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml deleted file mode 100644 index 0c0d2ac59..000000000 --- a/.github/workflows/preview-docs.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,41 +0,0 @@ -name: Preview Docs -on: - workflow_run: - workflows: - - Build Docs - types: - - completed - -jobs: - preview-docs: - runs-on: ubuntu-latest - steps: - - uses: actions/checkout@v2 - - name: Download Artifact Docs - uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v2.9.0 - with: - github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} - workflow: build-docs.yml - run_id: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.id }} - name: docs-zip - - name: Unzip docs - run: | - rm -rf ./site - unzip docs.zip - rm -f docs.zip - - name: Deploy to Netlify - id: netlify - uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v1.1.5 - with: - publish-dir: './site' - production-deploy: false - github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} - enable-commit-comment: false - env: - NETLIFY_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NETLIFY_AUTH_TOKEN }} - NETLIFY_SITE_ID: ${{ secrets.NETLIFY_SITE_ID }} - - name: Comment Deploy - uses: ./.github/actions/comment-docs-preview-in-pr - with: - token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} - deploy_url: "${{ steps.netlify.outputs.deploy-url }}" diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish.yml b/.github/workflows/publish.yml index 9dde4e066..8ebb28a80 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/publish.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/publish.yml @@ -13,34 +13,29 @@ jobs: env: GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }} run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT" - - uses: actions/checkout@v2 + - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - name: Set up Python - uses: actions/setup-python@v2 + uses: actions/setup-python@v5 with: - python-version: "3.6" - - uses: actions/cache@v2 + python-version: "3.10" + # Issue ref: https://github.com/actions/setup-python/issues/436 + # cache: "pip" + cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml + - uses: actions/cache@v3 id: cache with: path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }} key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-publish - - name: Install Flit + - name: Install build dependencies if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' - run: pip install flit - - name: Install Dependencies - if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' - run: flit install --symlink + run: pip install build + - name: Build distribution + run: python -m build - name: Publish - env: - FLIT_USERNAME: ${{ secrets.FLIT_USERNAME }} - FLIT_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.FLIT_PASSWORD }} - run: bash scripts/publish.sh + uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.8.11 + with: + password: ${{ secrets.PYPI_API_TOKEN }} - name: Dump GitHub context env: GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }} run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT" - # - name: Notify - # env: - # GITTER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITTER_TOKEN }} - # GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} - # TAG: ${{ github.event.release.name }} - # run: bash scripts/notify.sh diff --git a/.github/workflows/smokeshow.yml b/.github/workflows/smokeshow.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..10bff67ae --- /dev/null +++ b/.github/workflows/smokeshow.yml @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +name: Smokeshow + +on: + workflow_run: + workflows: [Test] + types: [completed] + +permissions: + statuses: write + +jobs: + smokeshow: + if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' }} + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + + steps: + - name: Dump GitHub context + env: + GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }} + run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT" + - uses: actions/setup-python@v5 + with: + python-version: '3.9' + + - run: pip install smokeshow + + - uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v3.0.0 + with: + github_token: ${{ secrets.FASTAPI_SMOKESHOW_DOWNLOAD_ARTIFACTS }} + workflow: test.yml + commit: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha }} + + - run: smokeshow upload coverage-html + env: + SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_STATUS_DESCRIPTION: Coverage {coverage-percentage} + SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_COVERAGE_THRESHOLD: 100 + SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_CONTEXT: coverage + SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.FASTAPI_SMOKESHOW_UPLOAD }} + SMOKESHOW_GITHUB_PR_HEAD_SHA: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha }} + SMOKESHOW_AUTH_KEY: ${{ secrets.SMOKESHOW_AUTH_KEY }} diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml index 7ab0f1230..b6b173685 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/test.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml @@ -5,37 +5,133 @@ on: branches: - master pull_request: - types: [opened, synchronize] + types: + - opened + - synchronize jobs: + lint: + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + steps: + - name: Dump GitHub context + env: + GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }} + run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT" + - uses: actions/checkout@v4 + - name: Set up Python + uses: actions/setup-python@v5 + with: + python-version: "3.11" + # Issue ref: https://github.com/actions/setup-python/issues/436 + # cache: "pip" + # cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml + - uses: actions/cache@v3 + id: cache + with: + path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }} + key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-pydantic-v2-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml', 'requirements-tests.txt', 'requirements-docs-tests.txt') }}-test-v07 + - name: Install Dependencies + if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' + run: pip install -r requirements-tests.txt + - name: Install Pydantic v2 + run: pip install "pydantic>=2.0.2,<3.0.0" + - name: Lint + run: bash scripts/lint.sh + test: runs-on: ubuntu-latest strategy: matrix: - python-version: [3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9] + python-version: + - "3.12" + - "3.11" + - "3.10" + - "3.9" + - "3.8" + pydantic-version: ["pydantic-v1", "pydantic-v2"] fail-fast: false - steps: - - uses: actions/checkout@v2 + - name: Dump GitHub context + env: + GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }} + run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT" + - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - name: Set up Python - uses: actions/setup-python@v2 + uses: actions/setup-python@v5 with: python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }} - - uses: actions/cache@v2 + # Issue ref: https://github.com/actions/setup-python/issues/436 + # cache: "pip" + # cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml + - uses: actions/cache@v3 id: cache with: path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }} - key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml') }}-test - - name: Install Flit - if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' - run: pip install flit + key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ matrix.pydantic-version }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml', 'requirements-tests.txt', 'requirements-docs-tests.txt') }}-test-v07 - name: Install Dependencies if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' - run: flit install --symlink - - name: Lint - if: ${{ matrix.python-version != '3.6' }} - run: bash scripts/lint.sh + run: pip install -r requirements-tests.txt + - name: Install Pydantic v1 + if: matrix.pydantic-version == 'pydantic-v1' + run: pip install "pydantic>=1.10.0,<2.0.0" + - name: Install Pydantic v2 + if: matrix.pydantic-version == 'pydantic-v2' + run: pip install "pydantic>=2.0.2,<3.0.0" + - run: mkdir coverage - name: Test run: bash scripts/test.sh - - name: Upload coverage - uses: codecov/codecov-action@v1 + env: + COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage.${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }} + CONTEXT: ${{ runner.os }}-py${{ matrix.python-version }} + - name: Store coverage files + uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3 + with: + name: coverage + path: coverage + + coverage-combine: + needs: [test] + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + steps: + - name: Dump GitHub context + env: + GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }} + run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT" + - uses: actions/checkout@v4 + - uses: actions/setup-python@v5 + with: + python-version: '3.8' + # Issue ref: https://github.com/actions/setup-python/issues/436 + # cache: "pip" + # cache-dependency-path: pyproject.toml + - name: Get coverage files + uses: actions/download-artifact@v3 + with: + name: coverage + path: coverage + - run: pip install coverage[toml] + - run: ls -la coverage + - run: coverage combine coverage + - run: coverage report + - run: coverage html --show-contexts --title "Coverage for ${{ github.sha }}" + - name: Store coverage HTML + uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3 + with: + name: coverage-html + path: htmlcov + + # https://github.com/marketplace/actions/alls-green#why + check: # This job does nothing and is only used for the branch protection + if: always() + needs: + - coverage-combine + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + steps: + - name: Dump GitHub context + env: + GITHUB_CONTEXT: ${{ toJson(github) }} + run: echo "$GITHUB_CONTEXT" + - name: Decide whether the needed jobs succeeded or failed + uses: re-actors/alls-green@release/v1 + with: + jobs: ${{ toJSON(needs) }} diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index a26bb5cd6..9be494cec 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ Pipfile.lock env3.* env docs_build +site_build venv docs.zip archive.zip @@ -23,3 +24,7 @@ archive.zip # vim temporary files *~ .*.sw? +.cache + +# macOS +.DS_Store diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a7f2fb3f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# See https://pre-commit.com for more information +# See https://pre-commit.com/hooks.html for more hooks +default_language_version: + python: python3.10 +repos: +- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks + rev: v4.4.0 + hooks: + - id: check-added-large-files + - id: check-toml + - id: check-yaml + args: + - --unsafe + - id: end-of-file-fixer + - id: trailing-whitespace +- repo: https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff-pre-commit + rev: v0.1.2 + hooks: + - id: ruff + args: + - --fix + - id: ruff-format +ci: + autofix_commit_msg: 🎨 [pre-commit.ci] Auto format from pre-commit.com hooks + autoupdate_commit_msg: ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate diff --git a/CITATION.cff b/CITATION.cff new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9028248b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/CITATION.cff @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# This CITATION.cff file was generated with cffinit. +# Visit https://bit.ly/cffinit to generate yours today! + +cff-version: 1.2.0 +title: FastAPI +message: >- + If you use this software, please cite it using the + metadata from this file. +type: software +authors: + - given-names: Sebastián + family-names: Ramírez + email: tiangolo@gmail.com +identifiers: +repository-code: 'https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi' +url: 'https://fastapi.tiangolo.com' +abstract: >- + FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, + ready for production +keywords: + - fastapi + - pydantic + - starlette +license: MIT diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 830031581..874abf8c6 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ Test - - Coverage + + Coverage Package version @@ -27,12 +27,11 @@ --- -FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints. +FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.8+ based on standard Python type hints. The key features are: * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance). - * **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * * **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. * * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. Completion everywhere. Less time debugging. @@ -47,13 +46,22 @@ The key features are: - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -99,6 +107,12 @@ The key features are: --- +"_If anyone is looking to build a production Python API, I would highly recommend **FastAPI**. It is **beautifully designed**, **simple to use** and **highly scalable**, it has become a **key component** in our API first development strategy and is driving many automations and services such as our Virtual TAC Engineer._" + +
Deon Pillsbury - Cisco (ref)
+ +--- + ## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs @@ -109,7 +123,7 @@ If you are building a CLI app to be ## Requirements -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.8+ FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: @@ -128,7 +142,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi -You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn. +You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn.
@@ -147,7 +161,7 @@ $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" * Create a file `main.py` with: ```Python -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -160,7 +174,7 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` @@ -170,7 +184,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`: ```Python hl_lines="9 14" -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -183,7 +197,7 @@ async def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` @@ -262,7 +276,7 @@ Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request. Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic. ```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -273,7 +287,7 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str price: float - is_offer: Optional[bool] = None + is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None @app.get("/") @@ -282,7 +296,7 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} @@ -325,7 +339,7 @@ You do that with standard modern Python types. You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc. -Just standard **Python 3.6+**. +Just standard **Python 3.8+**. For example, for an `int`: @@ -424,7 +438,7 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the Strawberry and other libraries. * Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as: * **WebSockets** - * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest` + * extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and `pytest` * **CORS** * **Cookie Sessions** * ...and more. @@ -439,12 +453,13 @@ To understand more about it, see the section ujson - for faster JSON "parsing". * email_validator - for email validation. +* pydantic-settings - for settings management. +* pydantic-extra-types - for extra types to be used with Pydantic. Used by Starlette: -* requests - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. +* httpx - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. * jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. * python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with `request.form()`. * itsdangerous - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support. diff --git a/SECURITY.md b/SECURITY.md index 322f95f62..db412cf2c 100644 --- a/SECURITY.md +++ b/SECURITY.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Learn more about it below. 👇 ## Versions -The latest versions of FastAPI are supported. +The latest version of FastAPI is supported. You are encouraged to [write tests](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/) for your application and update your FastAPI version frequently after ensuring that your tests are passing. This way you will benefit from the latest features, bug fixes, and **security fixes**. diff --git a/docs/az/docs/index.md b/docs/az/docs/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a22706512 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/az/docs/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,469 @@ +

+ FastAPI +

+

+ FastAPI framework, yüksək məshuldarlı, öyrənməsi asan, çevik kodlama, istifadəyə hazırdır +

+

+ + Test + + + Əhatə + + + Paket versiyası + + + Dəstəklənən Python versiyaları + +

+ +--- + +**Sənədlər**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com + +**Qaynaq Kodu**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi + +--- + +FastAPI Python 3.8+ ilə API yaratmaq üçün standart Python tip məsləhətlərinə əsaslanan, müasir, sürətli (yüksək performanslı) framework-dür. + +Əsas xüsusiyyətləri bunlardır: + +* **Sürətli**: Çox yüksək performans, **NodeJS** və **Go** səviyyəsində (Starlette və Pydantic-ə təşəkkürlər). [Ən sürətli Python frameworklərindən biridir](#performans). +* **Çevik kodlama**: Funksiyanallıqları inkişaf etdirmək sürətini təxminən 200%-dən 300%-ə qədər artırın. * +* **Daha az xəta**: İnsan (developer) tərəfindən törədilən səhvlərin təxminən 40% -ni azaldın. * +* **İntuitiv**: Əla redaktor dəstəyi. Hər yerdə otomatik tamamlama. Xətaları müəyyənləşdirməyə daha az vaxt sərf edəcəksiniz. +* **Asan**: İstifadəsi və öyrənilməsi asan olması üçün nəzərdə tutulmuşdur. Sənədləri oxumaq üçün daha az vaxt ayıracaqsınız. +* **Qısa**: Kod təkrarlanmasını minimuma endirin. Hər bir parametr tərifində birdən çox xüsusiyyət ilə və daha az səhvlə qarşılaşacaqsınız. +* **Güclü**: Avtomatik və interaktiv sənədlərlə birlikdə istifadəyə hazır kod əldə edə bilərsiniz. +* **Standartlara əsaslanan**: API-lar üçün açıq standartlara əsaslanır (və tam uyğun gəlir): OpenAPI (əvvəlki adı ilə Swagger) və JSON Schema. + +* Bu fikirlər daxili development komandasının hazırladıqları məhsulların sınaqlarına əsaslanır. + +## Sponsorlar + + + +{% if sponsors %} +{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%} + +{% endfor -%}` +{%- for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%} + +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + + + +Digər sponsorlar + +## Rəylər + +"_[...] Son günlərdə **FastAPI**-ı çox istifadə edirəm. [...] Əslində onu komandamın bütün **Microsoftda ML sevislərində** istifadə etməyi planlayıram. Onların bəziləri **windows**-un əsas məhsuluna və bəzi **Office** məhsullarına inteqrasiya olunurlar._" + +
Kabir Khan - Microsoft (ref)
+ +--- + +"_**FastAPI** kitabxanasını **Proqnozlar** əldə etmək üçün sorğulana bilən **REST** serverini yaratmaqda istifadə etdik._" + +
Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - Uber (ref)
+ +--- + +"_**Netflix** **böhran idarəçiliyi** orkestrləşmə framework-nün açıq qaynaqlı buraxılışını elan etməkdən məmnundur: **Dispatch**! [**FastAPI** ilə quruldu]_" + +
Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - Netflix (ref)
+ +--- + +"_**FastAPI** üçün həyəcanlıyam. Çox əyləncəlidir!_" + +
Brian Okken - Python Bytes podcast host (ref)
+ +--- + +"_Düzünü desəm, sizin qurduğunuz şey həqiqətən möhkəm və peşəkar görünür. Bir çox cəhətdən **Hug**-un olmasını istədiyim kimdir - kiminsə belə bir şey qurduğunu görmək həqiqətən ruhlandırıcıdır._" + +
Timothy Crosley - Hug creator (ref)
+ +--- + +"_Əgər REST API-lər yaratmaq üçün **müasir framework** öyrənmək istəyirsinizsə, **FastAPI**-a baxın [...] Sürətli, istifadəsi və öyrənməsi asandır. [...]_" + +"_**API** xidmətlərimizi **FastAPI**-a köçürdük [...] Sizin də bəyənəcəyinizi düşünürük._" + +
Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - Explosion AI founders - spaCy creators (ref) - (ref)
+ +--- + +"_Python ilə istifadəyə hazır API qurmaq istəyən hər kəsə **FastAPI**-ı tövsiyə edirəm. **Möhtəşəm şəkildə dizayn edilmiş**, **istifadəsi asan** və **yüksək dərəcədə genişlənə bilən**-dir, API əsaslı inkişaf strategiyamızın **əsas komponentinə** çevrilib və Virtual TAC Engineer kimi bir çox avtomatlaşdırma və servisləri idarə edir._" + +
Deon Pillsbury - Cisco (ref)
+ +--- + +## **Typer**, CLI-ların FastAPI-ı + + + +Əgər siz veb API əvəzinə terminalda istifadə ediləcək CLI proqramı qurursunuzsa, **Typer**-a baxa bilərsiniz. + +**Typer** FastAPI-ın kiçik qardaşıdır. Və o, CLI-lərin **FastAPI**-ı olmaq üçün nəzərdə tutulub. ⌨️ 🚀 + +## Tələblər + +Python 3.8+ + +FastAPI nəhənglərin çiyinlərində dayanır: + +* Web tərəfi üçün Starlette. +* Data tərəfi üçün Pydantic. + +## Quraşdırma + +
+ +```console +$ pip install fastapi + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +Tətbiqimizi əlçatan etmək üçün bizə Uvicorn və ya Hypercorn kimi ASGI server lazımdır. + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +## Nümunə + +### Kodu yaradaq + +* `main.py` adlı fayl yaradaq və ona aşağıdakı kodu yerləşdirək: + +```Python +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +
+Və ya async def... + +Əgər kodunuzda `async` və ya `await` vardırsa `async def` istifadə edə bilərik: + +```Python hl_lines="9 14" +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +async def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +**Qeyd**: + +Əgər bu mövzu haqqında məlumatınız yoxdursa `async` və `await` sənədindəki _"Tələsirsən?"_ bölməsinə baxa bilərsiniz. + +
+ +### Kodu işə salaq + +Serveri aşağıdakı əmr ilə işə salaq: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +
+uvicorn main:app --reload əmri haqqında... + +`uvicorn main:app` əmri aşağıdakılara instinad edir: + +* `main`: `main.py` faylı (yəni Python "modulu"). +* `app`: `main.py` faylında `app = FastAPI()` sətrində yaratdığımız `FastAPI` obyektidir. +* `--reload`: kod dəyişikliyindən sonra avtomatik olaraq serveri yenidən işə salır. Bu parametrdən yalnız development mərhələsində istifadə etməliyik. + +
+ +### İndi yoxlayaq + +Bu linki brauzerimizdə açaq http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. + +Aşağıdakı kimi bir JSON cavabı görəcəksiniz: + +```JSON +{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} +``` + +Siz artıq bir API yaratmısınız, hansı ki: + +* `/` və `/items/{item_id}` _yollarında_ HTTP sorğularını qəbul edir. +* Hər iki _yolda_ `GET` əməliyyatlarını (həmçinin HTTP _metodları_ kimi bilinir) aparır. +* `/items/{item_id}` _yolu_ `item_id` adlı `int` qiyməti almalı olan _yol parametrinə_ sahibdir. +* `/items/{item_id}` _yolunun_ `q` adlı yol parametri var və bu parametr istəyə bağlı olsa da, `str` qiymətini almalıdır. + +### İnteraktiv API Sənədləri + +İndi http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs ünvanına daxil olun. + +Avtomatik interaktiv API sənədlərini görəcəksiniz (Swagger UI tərəfindən təmin edilir): + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +### Alternativ API sənədləri + +İndi isə http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc ünvanına daxil olun. + +ReDoc tərəfindən təqdim edilən avtomatik sənədləri görəcəksiniz: + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +## Nümunəni Yeniləyək + +İndi gəlin `main.py` faylını `PUT` sorğusu ilə birlikdə gövdə qəbul edəcək şəkildə dəyişdirək. + +Pydantic sayəsində standart Python tiplərindən istifadə edərək gövdəni müəyyən edək. + +```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + price: float + is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} +``` +Server avtomatik olaraq yenidən işə salınmalı idi (çünki biz yuxarıda `uvicorn` əmri ilə `--reload` parametrindən istifadə etmişik). + +### İnteraktiv API sənədlərindəki dəyişikliyə baxaq + +Yenidən http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs ünvanına daxil olun. + +* İnteraktiv API sənədləri yeni gövdə də daxil olmaq ilə avtomatik olaraq yenilənəcək: + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) + +* "Try it out" düyməsini klikləyin, bu, parametrləri doldurmağa və API ilə birbaşa əlaqə saxlamağa imkan verir: + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) + +* Sonra "Execute" düyməsini klikləyin, istifadəçi interfeysi API ilə əlaqə quracaq, parametrləri göndərəcək, nəticələri əldə edəcək və onları ekranda göstərəcək: + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) + +### Alternativ API Sənədlərindəki Dəyişikliyə Baxaq + +İndi isə yenidən http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc ünvanına daxil olun. + +* Alternativ sənədlər həm də yeni sorğu parametri və gövdəsini əks etdirəcək: + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) + +### Xülasə + +Ümumiləşdirsək, parametrlər, gövdə və s. Biz məlumat növlərini **bir dəfə** funksiya parametrləri kimi təyin edirik. + +Bunu standart müasir Python tipləri ilə edirsiniz. + +Yeni sintaksis, müəyyən bir kitabxananın metodlarını və ya siniflərini və s. öyrənmək məcburiyyətində deyilsiniz. + +Sadəcə standart **Python 3.8+**. + +Məsələn, `int` üçün: + +```Python +item_id: int +``` + +və ya daha mürəkkəb `Item` modeli üçün: + +```Python +item: Item +``` + +...və yalnız parametr tipini təyin etməklə bunları əldə edirsiniz: + +* Redaktor dəstəyi ilə: + * Avtomatik tamamlama. + * Tip yoxlanması. +* Məlumatların Təsdiqlənməsi: + * Məlumat etibarsız olduqda avtomatik olaraq aydın xətalar göstərir. + * Hətta çox dərin JSON obyektlərində belə doğrulama aparır. +* Daxil olan məlumatları çevirmək üçün aşağıdakı məlumat növlərindən istifadə edilir: + * JSON. + * Yol parametrləri. + * Sorğu parametrləri. + * Çərəzlər. + * Başlıqlaq. + * Formalar. + * Fayllar. +* Daxil olan məlumatları çevirmək üçün aşağıdakı məlumat növlərindən istifadə edilir (JSON olaraq): + * Python tiplərinin (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, və s) çevrilməsi. + * `datetime` obyektləri. + * `UUID` obyektləri. + * Verilənlər bazası modelləri. + * və daha çoxu... +* 2 alternativ istifadəçi interfeysi daxil olmaqla avtomatik interaktiv API sənədlərini təmin edir: + * Swagger UI. + * ReDoc. + +--- + +Gəlin əvvəlki nümunəyə qayıdaq və **FastAPI**-nin nələr edəcəyinə nəzər salaq: + +* `GET` və `PUT` sorğuları üçün `item_id`-nin yolda olub-olmadığını yoxlayacaq. +* `item_id`-nin `GET` və `PUT` sorğuları üçün növünün `int` olduğunu yoxlayacaq. + * Əgər `int` deyilsə, səbəbini göstərən bir xəta mesajı göstərəcəkdir. +* məcburi olmayan `q` parametrinin `GET` (`http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery` burdakı kimi) sorğusu içərisində olub olmadığını yoxlayacaq. + * `q` parametrini `= None` ilə yaratdığımız üçün, məcburi olmayan parametr olacaq. + * Əgər `None` olmasaydı, bu məcburi parametr olardı (`PUT` metodunun gövdəsində olduğu kimi). +* `PUT` sorğusu üçün, `/items/{item_id}` gövdəsini JSON olaraq oxuyacaq: + * `name` adında məcburi bir parametr olub olmadığını və əgər varsa, tipinin `str` olub olmadığını yoxlayacaq. + * `price` adında məcburi bir parametr olub olmadığını və əgər varsa, tipinin `float` olub olmadığını yoxlayacaq. + * `is_offer` adında məcburi olmayan bir parametr olub olmadığını və əgər varsa, tipinin `float` olub olmadığını yoxlayacaq. + * Bütün bunlar ən dərin JSON obyektlərində belə işləyəcək. +* Məlumatların JSON-a və JSON-un Python obyektinə çevrilməsi avtomatik həyata keçiriləcək. +* Hər şeyi OpenAPI ilə uyğun olacaq şəkildə avtomatik olaraq sənədləşdirəcək və onları aşağıdakı kimi istifadə edə biləcək: + * İnteraktiv sənədləşmə sistemləri. + * Bir çox proqramlaşdırma dilləri üçün avtomatlaşdırılmış müştəri kodu yaratma sistemləri. +* 2 interaktiv sənədləşmə veb interfeysini birbaşa təmin edəcək. + +--- + +Yeni başlamışıq, amma siz artıq işin məntiqini başa düşmüsünüz. + +İndi aşağıdakı sətri dəyişdirməyə çalışın: + +```Python + return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} +``` + +...bundan: + +```Python + ... "item_name": item.name ... +``` + +...buna: + +```Python + ... "item_price": item.price ... +``` + +...və redaktorun məlumat tiplərini bildiyini və avtomatik tamaladığını görəcəksiniz: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) + +Daha çox funksiyaya malik daha dolğun nümunə üçün Öyrədici - İstifadəçi Təlimatı səhifəsinə baxa bilərsiniz. + +**Spoiler xəbərdarlığı**: Öyrədici - istifadəçi təlimatına bunlar daxildir: + +* **Parametrlərin**, **başlıqlar**, çərəzlər, **forma sahələri** və **fayllar** olaraq müəyyən edilməsi. +* `maximum_length` və ya `regex` kimi **doğrulama məhdudiyyətlərinin** necə təyin ediləcəyi. +* Çox güclü və istifadəsi asan **Dependency Injection** sistemi. +* Təhlükəsizlik və autentifikasiya, **JWT tokenləri** ilə **OAuth2** dəstəyi və **HTTP Basic** autentifikasiyası. +* **çox dərin JSON modellərini** müəyyən etmək üçün daha irəli səviyyə (lakin eyni dərəcədə asan) üsullar (Pydantic sayəsində). +* Strawberry və digər kitabxanalar ilə **GraphQL** inteqrasiyası. +* Digər əlavə xüsusiyyətlər (Starlette sayəsində): + * **WebSockets** + * HTTPX və `pytest` sayəsində çox asan testlər + * **CORS** + * **Cookie Sessions** + * ...və daha çoxu. + +## Performans + +Müstəqil TechEmpower meyarları göstərir ki, Uvicorn üzərində işləyən **FastAPI** proqramları ən sürətli Python kitabxanalarından biridir, yalnız Starlette və Uvicorn-un özündən yavaşdır, ki FastAPI bunların üzərinə qurulmuş bir framework-dür. (*) + +Ətraflı məlumat üçün bu bölməyə nəzər salın Müqayisələr. + +## Məcburi Olmayan Tələblər + +Pydantic tərəfindən istifadə olunanlar: + +* email_validator - e-poçtun yoxlanılması üçün. +* pydantic-settings - parametrlərin idarə edilməsi üçün. +* pydantic-extra-types - Pydantic ilə istifadə edilə bilən əlavə tiplər üçün. + +Starlette tərəfindən istifadə olunanlar: + +* httpx - Əgər `TestClient` strukturundan istifadə edəcəksinizsə, tələb olunur. +* jinja2 - Standart şablon konfiqurasiyasından istifadə etmək istəyirsinizsə, tələb olunur. +* python-multipart - `request.form()` ilə forma "çevirmə" dəstəyindən istifadə etmək istəyirsinizsə, tələb olunur. +* itsdangerous - `SessionMiddleware` dəstəyi üçün tələb olunur. +* pyyaml - `SchemaGenerator` dəstəyi üçün tələb olunur (Çox güman ki, FastAPI istifadə edərkən buna ehtiyacınız olmayacaq). +* ujson - `UJSONResponse` istifadə etmək istəyirsinizsə, tələb olunur. + +Həm FastAPI, həm də Starlette tərəfindən istifadə olunur: + +* uvicorn - Yaratdığımız proqramı servis edəcək veb server kimi fəaliyyət göstərir. +* orjson - `ORJSONResponse` istifadə edəcəksinizsə tələb olunur. + +Bütün bunları `pip install fastapi[all]` ilə quraşdıra bilərsiniz. + +## Lisenziya + +Bu layihə MIT lisenziyasının şərtlərinə əsasən lisenziyalaşdırılıb. diff --git a/docs/az/mkdocs.yml b/docs/az/mkdocs.yml index 72ca92a96..de18856f4 100644 --- a/docs/az/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/az/mkdocs.yml @@ -1,128 +1 @@ -site_name: FastAPI -site_description: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production -site_url: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/az/ -theme: - name: material - custom_dir: overrides - palette: - - scheme: default - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb - name: Switch to light mode - - scheme: slate - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb-outline - name: Switch to dark mode - features: - - search.suggest - - search.highlight - - content.tabs.link - icon: - repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - logo: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/icon-white.svg - favicon: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png - language: en -repo_name: tiangolo/fastapi -repo_url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi -edit_uri: '' -google_analytics: -- UA-133183413-1 -- auto -plugins: -- search -- markdownextradata: - data: data -nav: -- FastAPI: index.md -- Languages: - - en: / - - az: /az/ - - de: /de/ - - es: /es/ - - fr: /fr/ - - id: /id/ - - it: /it/ - - ja: /ja/ - - ko: /ko/ - - pl: /pl/ - - pt: /pt/ - - ru: /ru/ - - sq: /sq/ - - tr: /tr/ - - uk: /uk/ - - zh: /zh/ -markdown_extensions: -- toc: - permalink: true -- markdown.extensions.codehilite: - guess_lang: false -- mdx_include: - base_path: docs -- admonition -- codehilite -- extra -- pymdownx.superfences: - custom_fences: - - name: mermaid - class: mermaid - format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' -- pymdownx.tabbed -extra: - social: - - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/discord - link: https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf - - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter - link: https://twitter.com/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin - link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/dev - link: https://dev.to/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/medium - link: https://medium.com/@tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/solid/globe - link: https://tiangolo.com - alternate: - - link: / - name: en - English - - link: /az/ - name: az - - link: /de/ - name: de - - link: /es/ - name: es - español - - link: /fr/ - name: fr - français - - link: /id/ - name: id - - link: /it/ - name: it - italiano - - link: /ja/ - name: ja - 日本語 - - link: /ko/ - name: ko - 한국어 - - link: /pl/ - name: pl - - link: /pt/ - name: pt - português - - link: /ru/ - name: ru - русский язык - - link: /sq/ - name: sq - shqip - - link: /tr/ - name: tr - Türkçe - - link: /uk/ - name: uk - українська мова - - link: /zh/ - name: zh - 汉语 -extra_css: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/termynal.css -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/custom.css -extra_javascript: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/termynal.js -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/custom.js +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/bn/docs/index.md b/docs/bn/docs/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4f778e873 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/bn/docs/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,464 @@ +

+ FastAPI +

+

+ FastAPI উচ্চক্ষমতা সম্পন্ন, সহজে শেখার এবং দ্রুত কোড করে প্রোডাকশনের জন্য ফ্রামওয়ার্ক। +

+

+ + Test + + + Coverage + + + Package version + +

+ +--- + +**নির্দেশিকা নথি**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com + +**সোর্স কোড**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi + +--- + +FastAPI একটি আধুনিক, দ্রুত ( বেশি ক্ষমতা ) সম্পন্ন, Python 3.6+ দিয়ে API তৈরির জন্য স্ট্যান্ডার্ড পাইথন টাইপ ইঙ্গিত ভিত্তিক ওয়েব ফ্রেমওয়ার্ক। + +এর মূল বৈশিষ্ট্য গুলো হলঃ + +- **গতি**: এটি **NodeJS** এবং **Go** এর মত কার্যক্ষমতা সম্পন্ন (Starlette এবং Pydantic এর সাহায্যে)। [পাইথন এর দ্রুততম ফ্রেমওয়ার্ক গুলোর মধ্যে এটি একটি](#_11)। +- **দ্রুত কোড করা**:বৈশিষ্ট্য তৈরির গতি ২০০% থেকে ৩০০% বৃদ্ধি করে৷ \* +- **স্বল্প bugs**: মানুব (ডেভেলপার) সৃষ্ট ত্রুটির প্রায় ৪০% হ্রাস করে। \* +- **স্বজ্ঞাত**: দুর্দান্ত এডিটর সাহায্য Completion নামেও পরিচিত। দ্রুত ডিবাগ করা যায়। + +- **সহজ**: এটি এমন ভাবে সজানো হয়েছে যেন নির্দেশিকা নথি পড়ে সহজে শেখা এবং ব্যবহার করা যায়। +- **সংক্ষিপ্ত**: কোড পুনরাবৃত্তি কমানোর পাশাপাশি, bug কমায় এবং প্রতিটি প্যারামিটার ঘোষণা থেকে একাধিক ফিচার পাওয়া যায় । +- **জোরালো**: স্বয়ংক্রিয় ভাবে তৈরি ক্রিয়াশীল নির্দেশনা নথি (documentation) সহ উৎপাদন উপযোগি (Production-ready) কোড পাওয়া যায়। +- **মান-ভিত্তিক**: এর ভিত্তি OpenAPI (যা পুর্বে Swagger নামে পরিচিত ছিল) এবং JSON Schema এর আদর্শের মানের ওপর + +\* উৎপাদনমুখি এপ্লিকেশন বানানোর এক দল ডেভেলপার এর মতামত ভিত্তিক ফলাফল। + +## স্পনসর গণ + + + +{% if sponsors %} +{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%} + +{% endfor -%} +{%- for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%} + +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + + + +অন্যান্য স্পনসর গণ + +## মতামত সমূহ + +"_আমি আজকাল **FastAPI** ব্যবহার করছি। [...] আমরা ভাবছি মাইক্রোসফ্টে **ML সার্ভিস** এ সকল দলের জন্য এটি ব্যবহার করব। যার মধ্যে কিছু পণ্য **Windows** এ সংযোযন হয় এবং কিছু **Office** এর সাথে সংযোযন হচ্ছে।_" + +
কবির খান - মাইক্রোসফ্টে (ref)
+ +--- + +"_আমরা **FastAPI** লাইব্রেরি গ্রহণ করেছি একটি **REST** সার্ভার তৈরি করতে, যা **ভবিষ্যদ্বাণী** পাওয়ার জন্য কুয়েরি করা যেতে পারে। [লুডউইগের জন্য]_" + +
পিয়েরো মোলিনো, ইয়ারোস্লাভ দুদিন, এবং সাই সুমন্থ মিরিয়ালা - উবার (ref)
+ +--- + +"_**Netflix** আমাদের **ক্রাইসিস ম্যানেজমেন্ট** অর্কেস্ট্রেশন ফ্রেমওয়ার্ক: **ডিসপ্যাচ** এর ওপেন সোর্স রিলিজ ঘোষণা করতে পেরে আনন্দিত! [যাকিনা **FastAPI** দিয়ে নির্মিত]_" + +
কেভিন গ্লিসন, মার্ক ভিলানোভা, ফরেস্ট মনসেন - নেটফ্লিক্স (ref)
+ +--- + +"_আমি **FastAPI** নিয়ে চাঁদের সমান উৎসাহিত। এটি খুবই মজার!_" + +
ব্রায়ান ওকেন - পাইথন বাইটস পডকাস্ট হোস্ট (ref)
+ +--- + +"\_সত্যিই, আপনি যা তৈরি করেছেন তা খুব মজবুত এবং পরিপূর্ন৷ অনেক উপায়ে, আমি যা **Hug** এ করতে চেয়েছিলাম - তা কাউকে তৈরি করতে দেখে আমি সত্যিই অনুপ্রানিত৷\_" + +
টিমোথি ক্রসলে - Hug স্রষ্টা (ref)
+ +--- + +"আপনি যদি REST API তৈরির জন্য একটি **আধুনিক ফ্রেমওয়ার্ক** শিখতে চান, তাহলে **FastAPI** দেখুন [...] এটি দ্রুত, ব্যবহার করা সহজ এবং শিখতেও সহজ [...]\_" + +"_আমরা আমাদের **APIs** [...] এর জন্য **FastAPI**- তে এসেছি [...] আমি মনে করি আপনিও এটি পছন্দ করবেন [...]_" + +
ইনেস মন্টানি - ম্যাথিউ হোনিবাল - Explosion AI প্রতিষ্ঠাতা - spaCy স্রষ্টা (ref) - (ref)
+ +--- + +## **Typer**, CLI এর জন্য FastAPI + + + +আপনি যদি CLI অ্যাপ বানাতে চান, যা কিনা ওয়েব API এর পরিবর্তে টার্মিনালে ব্যবহার হবে, তাহলে দেখুন**Typer**. + +**টাইপার** হল FastAPI এর ছোট ভাইয়ের মত। এবং এটির উদ্দেশ্য ছিল **CLIs এর FastAPI** হওয়া। ⌨️ 🚀 + +## প্রয়োজনীয়তা গুলো + +Python 3.7+ + +FastAPI কিছু দানবেদের কাঁধে দাঁড়িয়ে আছে: + +- Starlette ওয়েব অংশের জন্য. +- Pydantic ডেটা অংশগুলির জন্য. + +## ইনস্টলেশন প্রক্রিয়া + +
+ +```console +$ pip install fastapi + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +আপনার একটি ASGI সার্ভারেরও প্রয়োজন হবে, প্রোডাকশনের জন্য Uvicorn অথবা Hypercorn. + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +## উদাহরণ + +### তৈরি + +- `main.py` নামে একটি ফাইল তৈরি করুন: + +```Python +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +
+অথবা ব্যবহার করুন async def... + +যদি আপনার কোড `async` / `await`, ব্যবহার করে তাহলে `async def` ব্যবহার করুন: + +```Python hl_lines="9 14" +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +async def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +**টীকা**: + +আপনি যদি না জানেন, _"তাড়াহুড়ো?"_ বিভাগটি দেখুন `async` এবং `await` নথির মধ্যে দেখুন . + +
+ +### এটি চালান + +সার্ভার চালু করুন: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +
+নির্দেশনা সম্পর্কে uvicorn main:app --reload... + +`uvicorn main:app` নির্দেশনাটি দ্বারা বোঝায়: + +- `main`: ফাইল `main.py` (পাইথন "মডিউল")। +- `app`: `app = FastAPI()` লাইন দিয়ে `main.py` এর ভিতরে তৈরি করা অবজেক্ট। +- `--reload`: কোড পরিবর্তনের পরে সার্ভার পুনরায় চালু করুন। এটি শুধুমাত্র ডেভেলপমেন্ট এর সময় ব্যবহার করুন। + +
+ +### এটা চেক করুন + +আপনার ব্রাউজার খুলুন http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery এ। + +আপনি JSON রেসপন্স দেখতে পাবেন: + +```JSON +{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} +``` + +আপনি ইতিমধ্যে একটি API তৈরি করেছেন যা: + +- `/` এবং `/items/{item_id}` _paths_ এ HTTP অনুরোধ গ্রহণ করে। +- উভয় *path*ই `GET` অপারেশন নেয় ( যা HTTP _methods_ নামেও পরিচিত)। +- _path_ `/items/{item_id}`-এ একটি _path প্যারামিটার_ `item_id` আছে যা কিনা `int` হতে হবে। +- _path_ `/items/{item_id}`-এর একটি ঐচ্ছিক `str` _query প্যারামিটার_ `q` আছে। + +### ক্রিয়াশীল API নির্দেশিকা নথি + +এখন যান http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +আপনি স্বয়ংক্রিয় ভাবে প্রস্তুত ক্রিয়াশীল API নির্দেশিকা নথি দেখতে পাবেন (Swagger UI প্রদত্ত): + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +### বিকল্প API নির্দেশিকা নথি + +এবং এখন http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc এ যান. + +আপনি স্বয়ংক্রিয় ভাবে প্রস্তুত বিকল্প নির্দেশিকা নথি দেখতে পাবেন (ReDoc প্রদত্ত): + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +## উদাহরণস্বরূপ আপগ্রেড + +এখন `main.py` ফাইলটি পরিবর্তন করুন যেন এটি `PUT` রিকুয়েস্ট থেকে বডি পেতে পারে। + +Python স্ট্যান্ডার্ড লাইব্রেরি, Pydantic এর সাহায্যে বডি ঘোষণা করুন। + +```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + price: float + is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} +``` + +সার্ভারটি স্বয়ংক্রিয়ভাবে পুনরায় লোড হওয়া উচিত (কারণ আপনি উপরের `uvicorn` কমান্ডে `--reload` যোগ করেছেন)। + +### ক্রিয়াশীল API নির্দেশিকা নথি উন্নীতকরণ + +এখন http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs এডড্রেসে যান. + +- ক্রিয়াশীল API নির্দেশিকা নথিটি স্বয়ংক্রিয়ভাবে উন্নীত হযে যাবে, নতুন বডি সহ: + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) + +- "Try it out" বাটনে চাপুন, এটি আপনাকে পেরামিটারগুলো পূরণ করতে এবং API এর সাথে সরাসরি ক্রিয়া-কলাপ করতে দিবে: + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) + +- তারপরে "Execute" বাটনে চাপুন, ব্যবহারকারীর ইন্টারফেস আপনার API এর সাথে যোগাযোগ করবে, পেরামিটার পাঠাবে, ফলাফলগুলি পাবে এবং সেগুলি পর্রদায় দেখাবে: + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) + +### বিকল্প API নির্দেশিকা নথি আপগ্রেড + +এবং এখন http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc এ যান। + +- বিকল্প নির্দেশিকা নথিতেও নতুন কুয়েরি প্যারামিটার এবং বডি প্রতিফলিত হবে: + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) + +### সংক্ষিপ্তকরণ + +সংক্ষেপে, আপনি **শুধু একবার** প্যারামিটারের ধরন, বডি ইত্যাদি ফাংশন প্যারামিটার হিসেবে ঘোষণা করেন। + +আপনি সেটি আধুনিক পাইথনের সাথে করেন। + +আপনাকে নতুন করে নির্দিষ্ট কোন লাইব্রেরির বাক্য গঠন, ফাংশন বা ক্লাস কিছুই শিখতে হচ্ছে না। + +শুধুই আধুনিক **Python 3.6+** + +উদাহরণস্বরূপ, `int` এর জন্য: + +```Python +item_id: int +``` + +অথবা আরও জটিল `Item` মডেলের জন্য: + +```Python +item: Item +``` + +...এবং সেই একই ঘোষণার সাথে আপনি পাবেন: + +- এডিটর সাহায্য, যেমন + - সমাপ্তি। + - ধরণ যাচাই +- তথ্য যাচাইকরণ: + - ডেটা অবৈধ হলে স্বয়ংক্রিয় এবং পরিষ্কার ত্রুটির নির্দেশনা। + - এমনকি গভীরভাবে নেস্ট করা JSON অবজেক্টের জন্য বৈধতা। +- প্রেরিত তথ্য রূপান্তর: যা নেটওয়ার্ক থেকে পাইথনের তথ্য এবং ধরনে আসে, এবং সেখান থেকে পড়া: + + - JSON। + - পাথ প্যারামিটার। + - কুয়েরি প্যারামিটার। + - কুকিজ + - হেডার + - ফর্ম + - ফাইল + +- আউটপুট ডেটার রূপান্তর: পাইথন ডেটা এবং টাইপ থেকে নেটওয়ার্ক ডেটাতে রূপান্তর করা (JSON হিসাবে): + -পাইথন টাইপে রূপান্তর করুন (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, ইত্যাদি)। + - `datetime` অবজেক্ট। + - `UUID` objeঅবজেক্টcts। + - ডাটাবেস মডেল। + - ...এবং আরো অনেক। +- স্বয়ংক্রিয় ক্রিয়াশীল API নির্দেশিকা নথি, 2টি বিকল্প ব্যবহারকারীর ইন্টারফেস সহ: + - সোয়াগার ইউ আই (Swagger UI)। + - রিডক (ReDoc)। + +--- + +পূর্ববর্তী কোড উদাহরণে ফিরে আসা যাক, **FastAPI** যা করবে: + +- `GET` এবং `PUT` অনুরোধের জন্য পথে `item_id` আছে কিনা তা যাচাই করবে। +- `GET` এবং `PUT` অনুরোধের জন্য `item_id` টাইপ `int` এর হতে হবে তা যাচাই করবে। + - যদি না হয় তবে ক্লায়েন্ট একটি উপযুক্ত, পরিষ্কার ত্রুটি দেখতে পাবেন। +- `GET` অনুরোধের জন্য একটি ঐচ্ছিক ক্যুয়েরি প্যারামিটার নামক `q` (যেমন `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) আছে কি তা চেক করবে। + - যেহেতু `q` প্যারামিটারটি `= None` দিয়ে ঘোষণা করা হয়েছে, তাই এটি ঐচ্ছিক। + - `None` ছাড়া এটি প্রয়োজনীয় হতো (যেমন `PUT` এর ক্ষেত্রে হয়েছে)। +- `/items/{item_id}` এর জন্য `PUT` অনুরোধের বডি JSON হিসাবে পড়ুন: + - লক্ষ করুন, `name` একটি প্রয়োজনীয় অ্যাট্রিবিউট হিসাবে বিবেচনা করেছে এবং এটি `str` হতে হবে। + - লক্ষ করুন এখানে, `price` অ্যাট্রিবিউটটি আবশ্যক এবং এটি `float` হতে হবে। + - লক্ষ করুন `is_offer` একটি ঐচ্ছিক অ্যাট্রিবিউট এবং এটি `bool` হতে হবে যদি উপস্থিত থাকে। + - এই সবটি গভীরভাবে অবস্থানরত JSON অবজেক্টগুলিতেও কাজ করবে। +- স্বয়ংক্রিয়ভাবে JSON হতে এবং JSON থেকে কনভার্ট করুন। +- OpenAPI দিয়ে সবকিছু ডকুমেন্ট করুন, যা ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে: + - ক্রিয়াশীল নির্দেশিকা নথি। + - অনেক ভাষার জন্য স্বয়ংক্রিয় ক্লায়েন্ট কোড তৈরির ব্যবস্থা। +- সরাসরি 2টি ক্রিয়াশীল নির্দেশিকা নথি ওয়েব পৃষ্ঠ প্রদান করা হয়েছে। + +--- + +আমরা এতক্ষন শুধু এর পৃষ্ঠ তৈরি করেছি, কিন্তু আপনি ইতমধ্যেই এটি কিভাবে কাজ করে তার ধারণাও পেয়ে গিয়েছেন। + +নিম্নোক্ত লাইন গুলো পরিবর্তন করার চেষ্টা করুন: + +```Python + return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} +``` + +...পুর্বে: + +```Python + ... "item_name": item.name ... +``` + +...পরবর্তীতে: + +```Python + ... "item_price": item.price ... +``` + +...এবং দেখুন কিভাবে আপনার এডিটর উপাদানগুলোকে সয়ংক্রিয়ভাবে-সম্পন্ন করবে এবং তাদের ধরন জানতে পারবে: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) + +আরও বৈশিষ্ট্য সম্পন্ন উদাহরণের জন্য, দেখুন টিউটোরিয়াল - ব্যবহারকারীর গাইড. + +**স্পয়লার সতর্কতা**: টিউটোরিয়াল - ব্যবহারকারীর গাইড নিম্নোক্ত বিষয়গুলি অন্তর্ভুক্ত করে: + +- **হেডার**, **কুকিজ**, **ফর্ম ফিল্ড** এবং **ফাইলগুলি** এমন অন্যান্য জায়গা থেকে প্যারামিটার ঘোষণা করা। +- `maximum_length` বা `regex` এর মতো **যাচাইকরণ বাধামুক্তি** সেট করা হয় কিভাবে, তা নিয়ে আলোচনা করা হবে। +- একটি খুব শক্তিশালী এবং ব্যবহার করা সহজ ডিপেন্ডেন্সি ইনজেকশন পদ্ধতি +- **OAuth2** এবং **JWT টোকেন** এবং **HTTP Basic** auth সহ নিরাপত্তা এবং অনুমোদনপ্রাপ্তি সম্পর্কিত বিষয়সমূহের উপর। +- **গভীরভাবে অবস্থানরত JSON মডেল** ঘোষণা করার জন্য আরও উন্নত (কিন্তু সমান সহজ) কৌশল (Pydantic কে ধন্যবাদ)। +- আরো অতিরিক্ত বৈশিষ্ট্য (স্টারলেটকে ধন্যবাদ) হিসাবে: + - **WebSockets** + - **GraphQL** + - HTTPX এবং `pytest` ভিত্তিক অত্যন্ত সহজ পরীক্ষা + - **CORS** + - **Cookie Sessions** + - ...এবং আরো। + +## কর্মক্ষমতা + +স্বাধীন TechEmpower Benchmarks দেখায় যে **FastAPI** অ্যাপ্লিকেশনগুলি Uvicorn-এর অধীনে চলমান দ্রুততমপাইথন ফ্রেমওয়ার্কগুলির মধ্যে একটি, শুধুমাত্র Starlette এবং Uvicorn-এর পর (FastAPI দ্বারা অভ্যন্তরীণভাবে ব্যবহৃত)। (\*) + +এটি সম্পর্কে আরও বুঝতে, দেখুন Benchmarks. + +## ঐচ্ছিক নির্ভরশীলতা + +Pydantic দ্বারা ব্যবহৃত: + +- ujson - দ্রুত JSON এর জন্য "parsing". +- email_validator - ইমেল যাচাইকরণের জন্য। + +স্টারলেট দ্বারা ব্যবহৃত: + +- httpx - আপনি যদি `TestClient` ব্যবহার করতে চান তাহলে আবশ্যক। +- jinja2 - আপনি যদি প্রদত্ত টেমপ্লেট রূপরেখা ব্যবহার করতে চান তাহলে প্রয়োজন। +- python-multipart - আপনি যদি ফর্ম সহায়তা করতে চান তাহলে প্রয়োজন "parsing", `request.form()` সহ। +- itsdangerous - `SessionMiddleware` সহায়তার জন্য প্রয়োজন। +- pyyaml - স্টারলেটের SchemaGenerator সাপোর্ট এর জন্য প্রয়োজন (আপনার সম্ভাবত FastAPI প্রয়োজন নেই)। +- graphene - `GraphQLApp` সহায়তার জন্য প্রয়োজন। +- ujson - আপনি `UJSONResponse` ব্যবহার করতে চাইলে প্রয়োজন। + +FastAPI / Starlette দ্বারা ব্যবহৃত: + +- uvicorn - সার্ভারের জন্য যা আপনার অ্যাপ্লিকেশন লোড করে এবং পরিবেশন করে। +- orjson - আপনি `ORJSONResponse` ব্যবহার করতে চাইলে প্রয়োজন। + +আপনি এই সব ইনস্টল করতে পারেন `pip install fastapi[all]` দিয়ে. + +## লাইসেন্স + +এই প্রজেক্ট MIT লাইসেন্স নীতিমালার অধীনে শর্তায়িত। diff --git a/docs/bn/mkdocs.yml b/docs/bn/mkdocs.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de18856f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/bn/mkdocs.yml @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/de/docs/about/index.md b/docs/de/docs/about/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c309e02a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/de/docs/about/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Über + +Über FastAPI, sein Design, seine Inspiration und mehr. 🤓 diff --git a/docs/de/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md b/docs/de/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e9de267cf --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/de/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +# Zusätzliche Statuscodes + +Standardmäßig liefert **FastAPI** die Rückgabewerte (Responses) als `JSONResponse` zurück und fügt den Inhalt der jeweiligen *Pfadoperation* in das `JSONResponse` Objekt ein. + +Es wird der Default-Statuscode oder derjenige verwendet, den Sie in Ihrer *Pfadoperation* festgelegt haben. + +## Zusätzliche Statuscodes + +Wenn Sie neben dem Hauptstatuscode weitere Statuscodes zurückgeben möchten, können Sie dies tun, indem Sie direkt eine `Response` zurückgeben, wie etwa eine `JSONResponse`, und den zusätzlichen Statuscode direkt festlegen. + +Angenommen, Sie möchten eine *Pfadoperation* haben, die das Aktualisieren von Artikeln ermöglicht und bei Erfolg den HTTP-Statuscode 200 „OK“ zurückgibt. + +Sie möchten aber auch, dass sie neue Artikel akzeptiert. Und wenn die Elemente vorher nicht vorhanden waren, werden diese Elemente erstellt und der HTTP-Statuscode 201 „Created“ zurückgegeben. + +Um dies zu erreichen, importieren Sie `JSONResponse`, und geben Sie Ihren Inhalt direkt zurück, indem Sie den gewünschten `status_code` setzen: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 26" + {!> ../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ nicht annotiert" + + !!! tip "Tipp" + Bevorzugen Sie die `Annotated`-Version, falls möglich. + + ```Python hl_lines="2 23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ nicht annotiert" + + !!! tip "Tipp" + Bevorzugen Sie die `Annotated`-Version, falls möglich. + + ```Python hl_lines="4 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +!!! warning "Achtung" + Wenn Sie eine `Response` direkt zurückgeben, wie im obigen Beispiel, wird sie direkt zurückgegeben. + + Sie wird nicht mit einem Modell usw. serialisiert. + + Stellen Sie sicher, dass sie die gewünschten Daten enthält und dass die Werte gültiges JSON sind (wenn Sie `JSONResponse` verwenden). + +!!! note "Technische Details" + Sie können auch `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse` verwenden. + + **FastAPI** bietet dieselben `starlette.responses` auch via `fastapi.responses` an, als Annehmlichkeit für Sie, den Entwickler. Die meisten verfügbaren Responses kommen aber direkt von Starlette. Das Gleiche gilt für `status`. + +## OpenAPI- und API-Dokumentation + +Wenn Sie zusätzliche Statuscodes und Responses direkt zurückgeben, werden diese nicht in das OpenAPI-Schema (die API-Dokumentation) aufgenommen, da FastAPI keine Möglichkeit hat, im Voraus zu wissen, was Sie zurückgeben werden. + +Sie können das jedoch in Ihrem Code dokumentieren, indem Sie Folgendes verwenden: [Zusätzliche Responses](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/de/docs/advanced/custom-response.md b/docs/de/docs/advanced/custom-response.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..68c037ad7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/de/docs/advanced/custom-response.md @@ -0,0 +1,300 @@ +# Benutzerdefinierte Response – HTML, Stream, Datei, andere + +Standardmäßig gibt **FastAPI** die Responses mittels `JSONResponse` zurück. + +Sie können das überschreiben, indem Sie direkt eine `Response` zurückgeben, wie in [Eine Response direkt zurückgeben](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank} gezeigt. + +Wenn Sie jedoch direkt eine `Response` zurückgeben, werden die Daten nicht automatisch konvertiert und die Dokumentation wird nicht automatisch generiert (zum Beispiel wird der spezifische „Medientyp“, der im HTTP-Header `Content-Type` angegeben ist, nicht Teil der generierten OpenAPI). + +Sie können aber auch die `Response`, die Sie verwenden möchten, im *Pfadoperation-Dekorator* deklarieren. + +Der Inhalt, den Sie von Ihrer *Pfadoperation-Funktion* zurückgeben, wird in diese `Response` eingefügt. + +Und wenn diese `Response` einen JSON-Medientyp (`application/json`) hat, wie es bei `JSONResponse` und `UJSONResponse` der Fall ist, werden die von Ihnen zurückgegebenen Daten automatisch mit jedem Pydantic `response_model` konvertiert (und gefiltert), das Sie im *Pfadoperation-Dekorator* deklariert haben. + +!!! note "Hinweis" + Wenn Sie eine Response-Klasse ohne Medientyp verwenden, erwartet FastAPI, dass Ihre Response keinen Inhalt hat, und dokumentiert daher das Format der Response nicht in deren generierter OpenAPI-Dokumentation. + +## `ORJSONResponse` verwenden + +Um beispielsweise noch etwas Leistung herauszuholen, können Sie `orjson` installieren und verwenden, und die Response als `ORJSONResponse` deklarieren. + +Importieren Sie die `Response`-Klasse (-Unterklasse), die Sie verwenden möchten, und deklarieren Sie sie im *Pfadoperation-Dekorator*. + +Bei umfangreichen Responses ist die direkte Rückgabe einer `Response` viel schneller als ein Dictionary zurückzugeben. + +Das liegt daran, dass FastAPI standardmäßig jedes enthaltene Element überprüft und sicherstellt, dass es als JSON serialisierbar ist, und zwar unter Verwendung desselben [JSON-kompatiblen Encoders](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, der im Tutorial erläutert wurde. Dadurch können Sie **beliebige Objekte** zurückgeben, zum Beispiel Datenbankmodelle. + +Wenn Sie jedoch sicher sind, dass der von Ihnen zurückgegebene Inhalt **mit JSON serialisierbar** ist, können Sie ihn direkt an die Response-Klasse übergeben und die zusätzliche Arbeit vermeiden, die FastAPI hätte, indem es Ihren zurückgegebenen Inhalt durch den `jsonable_encoder` leitet, bevor es ihn an die Response-Klasse übergibt. + +```Python hl_lines="2 7" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py!} +``` + +!!! info + Der Parameter `response_class` wird auch verwendet, um den „Medientyp“ der Response zu definieren. + + In diesem Fall wird der HTTP-Header `Content-Type` auf `application/json` gesetzt. + + Und er wird als solcher in OpenAPI dokumentiert. + +!!! tip "Tipp" + Die `ORJSONResponse` ist derzeit nur in FastAPI verfügbar, nicht in Starlette. + +## HTML-Response + +Um eine Response mit HTML direkt von **FastAPI** zurückzugeben, verwenden Sie `HTMLResponse`. + +* Importieren Sie `HTMLResponse`. +* Übergeben Sie `HTMLResponse` als den Parameter `response_class` Ihres *Pfadoperation-Dekorators*. + +```Python hl_lines="2 7" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +!!! info + Der Parameter `response_class` wird auch verwendet, um den „Medientyp“ der Response zu definieren. + + In diesem Fall wird der HTTP-Header `Content-Type` auf `text/html` gesetzt. + + Und er wird als solcher in OpenAPI dokumentiert. + +### Eine `Response` zurückgeben + +Wie in [Eine Response direkt zurückgeben](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank} gezeigt, können Sie die Response auch direkt in Ihrer *Pfadoperation* überschreiben, indem Sie diese zurückgeben. + +Das gleiche Beispiel von oben, das eine `HTMLResponse` zurückgibt, könnte so aussehen: + +```Python hl_lines="2 7 19" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +!!! warning "Achtung" + Eine `Response`, die direkt von Ihrer *Pfadoperation-Funktion* zurückgegeben wird, wird in OpenAPI nicht dokumentiert (zum Beispiel wird der `Content-Type` nicht dokumentiert) und ist in der automatischen interaktiven Dokumentation nicht sichtbar. + +!!! info + Natürlich stammen der eigentliche `Content-Type`-Header, der Statuscode, usw., aus dem `Response`-Objekt, das Sie zurückgegeben haben. + +### In OpenAPI dokumentieren und `Response` überschreiben + +Wenn Sie die Response innerhalb der Funktion überschreiben und gleichzeitig den „Medientyp“ in OpenAPI dokumentieren möchten, können Sie den `response_class`-Parameter verwenden UND ein `Response`-Objekt zurückgeben. + +Die `response_class` wird dann nur zur Dokumentation der OpenAPI-Pfadoperation* verwendet, Ihre `Response` wird jedoch unverändert verwendet. + +#### Eine `HTMLResponse` direkt zurückgeben + +Es könnte zum Beispiel so etwas sein: + +```Python hl_lines="7 21 23" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +In diesem Beispiel generiert die Funktion `generate_html_response()` bereits eine `Response` und gibt sie zurück, anstatt das HTML in einem `str` zurückzugeben. + +Indem Sie das Ergebnis des Aufrufs von `generate_html_response()` zurückgeben, geben Sie bereits eine `Response` zurück, die das Standardverhalten von **FastAPI** überschreibt. + +Aber da Sie die `HTMLResponse` auch in der `response_class` übergeben haben, weiß **FastAPI**, dass sie in OpenAPI und der interaktiven Dokumentation als HTML mit `text/html` zu dokumentieren ist: + + + +## Verfügbare Responses + +Hier sind einige der verfügbaren Responses. + +Bedenken Sie, dass Sie `Response` verwenden können, um alles andere zurückzugeben, oder sogar eine benutzerdefinierte Unterklasse zu erstellen. + +!!! note "Technische Details" + Sie können auch `from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse` verwenden. + + **FastAPI** bietet dieselben `starlette.responses` auch via `fastapi.responses` an, als Annehmlichkeit für Sie, den Entwickler. Die meisten verfügbaren Responses kommen aber direkt von Starlette. + +### `Response` + +Die Hauptklasse `Response`, alle anderen Responses erben von ihr. + +Sie können sie direkt zurückgeben. + +Sie akzeptiert die folgenden Parameter: + +* `content` – Ein `str` oder `bytes`. +* `status_code` – Ein `int`-HTTP-Statuscode. +* `headers` – Ein `dict` von Strings. +* `media_type` – Ein `str`, der den Medientyp angibt. Z. B. `"text/html"`. + +FastAPI (eigentlich Starlette) fügt automatisch einen Content-Length-Header ein. Außerdem wird es einen Content-Type-Header einfügen, der auf dem media_type basiert, und für Texttypen einen Zeichensatz (charset) anfügen. + +```Python hl_lines="1 18" +{!../../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +### `HTMLResponse` + +Nimmt Text oder Bytes entgegen und gibt eine HTML-Response zurück, wie Sie oben gelesen haben. + +### `PlainTextResponse` + +Nimmt Text oder Bytes entgegen und gibt eine Plain-Text-Response zurück. + +```Python hl_lines="2 7 9" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +### `JSONResponse` + +Nimmt einige Daten entgegen und gibt eine `application/json`-codierte Response zurück. + +Dies ist die Standard-Response, die in **FastAPI** verwendet wird, wie Sie oben gelesen haben. + +### `ORJSONResponse` + +Eine schnelle alternative JSON-Response mit `orjson`, wie Sie oben gelesen haben. + +### `UJSONResponse` + +Eine alternative JSON-Response mit `ujson`. + +!!! warning "Achtung" + `ujson` ist bei der Behandlung einiger Sonderfälle weniger sorgfältig als Pythons eingebaute Implementierung. + +```Python hl_lines="2 7" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "Tipp" + Möglicherweise ist `ORJSONResponse` eine schnellere Alternative. + +### `RedirectResponse` + +Gibt eine HTTP-Weiterleitung (HTTP-Redirect) zurück. Verwendet standardmäßig den Statuscode 307 – Temporäre Weiterleitung (Temporary Redirect). + +Sie können eine `RedirectResponse` direkt zurückgeben: + +```Python hl_lines="2 9" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +--- + +Oder Sie können sie im Parameter `response_class` verwenden: + + +```Python hl_lines="2 7 9" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial006b.py!} +``` + +Wenn Sie das tun, können Sie die URL direkt von Ihrer *Pfadoperation*-Funktion zurückgeben. + +In diesem Fall ist der verwendete `status_code` der Standardcode für die `RedirectResponse`, also `307`. + +--- + +Sie können den Parameter `status_code` auch in Kombination mit dem Parameter `response_class` verwenden: + +```Python hl_lines="2 7 9" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial006c.py!} +``` + +### `StreamingResponse` + +Nimmt einen asynchronen Generator oder einen normalen Generator/Iterator und streamt den Responsebody. + +```Python hl_lines="2 14" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +#### Verwendung von `StreamingResponse` mit dateiähnlichen Objekten + +Wenn Sie ein dateiähnliches (file-like) Objekt haben (z. B. das von `open()` zurückgegebene Objekt), können Sie eine Generatorfunktion erstellen, um über dieses dateiähnliche Objekt zu iterieren. + +Auf diese Weise müssen Sie nicht alles zuerst in den Arbeitsspeicher lesen und können diese Generatorfunktion an `StreamingResponse` übergeben und zurückgeben. + +Das umfasst viele Bibliotheken zur Interaktion mit Cloud-Speicher, Videoverarbeitung und anderen. + +```{ .python .annotate hl_lines="2 10-12 14" } +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial008.py!} +``` + +1. Das ist die Generatorfunktion. Es handelt sich um eine „Generatorfunktion“, da sie `yield`-Anweisungen enthält. +2. Durch die Verwendung eines `with`-Blocks stellen wir sicher, dass das dateiähnliche Objekt geschlossen wird, nachdem die Generatorfunktion fertig ist. Also, nachdem sie mit dem Senden der Response fertig ist. +3. Dieses `yield from` weist die Funktion an, über das Ding namens `file_like` zu iterieren. Und dann für jeden iterierten Teil, diesen Teil so zurückzugeben, als wenn er aus dieser Generatorfunktion (`iterfile`) stammen würde. + + Es handelt sich also hier um eine Generatorfunktion, die die „generierende“ Arbeit intern auf etwas anderes überträgt. + + Auf diese Weise können wir das Ganze in einen `with`-Block einfügen und so sicherstellen, dass das dateiartige Objekt nach Abschluss geschlossen wird. + +!!! tip "Tipp" + Beachten Sie, dass wir, da wir Standard-`open()` verwenden, welches `async` und `await` nicht unterstützt, hier die Pfadoperation mit normalen `def` deklarieren. + +### `FileResponse` + +Streamt eine Datei asynchron als Response. + +Nimmt zur Instanziierung einen anderen Satz von Argumenten entgegen als die anderen Response-Typen: + +* `path` – Der Dateipfad zur Datei, die gestreamt werden soll. +* `headers` – Alle benutzerdefinierten Header, die inkludiert werden sollen, als Dictionary. +* `media_type` – Ein String, der den Medientyp angibt. Wenn nicht gesetzt, wird der Dateiname oder Pfad verwendet, um auf einen Medientyp zu schließen. +* `filename` – Wenn gesetzt, wird das in der `Content-Disposition` der Response eingefügt. + +Datei-Responses enthalten die entsprechenden `Content-Length`-, `Last-Modified`- und `ETag`-Header. + +```Python hl_lines="2 10" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009.py!} +``` + +Sie können auch den Parameter `response_class` verwenden: + +```Python hl_lines="2 8 10" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009b.py!} +``` + +In diesem Fall können Sie den Dateipfad direkt von Ihrer *Pfadoperation*-Funktion zurückgeben. + +## Benutzerdefinierte Response-Klasse + +Sie können Ihre eigene benutzerdefinierte Response-Klasse erstellen, die von `Response` erbt und diese verwendet. + +Nehmen wir zum Beispiel an, dass Sie `orjson` verwenden möchten, aber mit einigen benutzerdefinierten Einstellungen, die in der enthaltenen `ORJSONResponse`-Klasse nicht verwendet werden. + +Sie möchten etwa, dass Ihre Response eingerücktes und formatiertes JSON zurückgibt. Dafür möchten Sie die orjson-Option `orjson.OPT_INDENT_2` verwenden. + +Sie könnten eine `CustomORJSONResponse` erstellen. Das Wichtigste, was Sie tun müssen, ist, eine `Response.render(content)`-Methode zu erstellen, die den Inhalt als `bytes` zurückgibt: + +```Python hl_lines="9-14 17" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009c.py!} +``` + +Statt: + +```json +{"message": "Hello World"} +``` + +... wird die Response jetzt Folgendes zurückgeben: + +```json +{ + "message": "Hello World" +} +``` + +Natürlich werden Sie wahrscheinlich viel bessere Möglichkeiten finden, Vorteil daraus zu ziehen, als JSON zu formatieren. 😉 + +## Standard-Response-Klasse + +Beim Erstellen einer **FastAPI**-Klasseninstanz oder eines `APIRouter`s können Sie angeben, welche Response-Klasse standardmäßig verwendet werden soll. + +Der Parameter, der das definiert, ist `default_response_class`. + +Im folgenden Beispiel verwendet **FastAPI** standardmäßig `ORJSONResponse` in allen *Pfadoperationen*, anstelle von `JSONResponse`. + +```Python hl_lines="2 4" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial010.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "Tipp" + Sie können dennoch weiterhin `response_class` in *Pfadoperationen* überschreiben, wie bisher. + +## Zusätzliche Dokumentation + +Sie können auch den Medientyp und viele andere Details in OpenAPI mit `responses` deklarieren: [Zusätzliche Responses in OpenAPI](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/de/docs/advanced/generate-clients.md b/docs/de/docs/advanced/generate-clients.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2fcba5956 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/de/docs/advanced/generate-clients.md @@ -0,0 +1,286 @@ +# Clients generieren + +Da **FastAPI** auf der OpenAPI-Spezifikation basiert, erhalten Sie automatische Kompatibilität mit vielen Tools, einschließlich der automatischen API-Dokumentation (bereitgestellt von Swagger UI). + +Ein besonderer Vorteil, der nicht unbedingt offensichtlich ist, besteht darin, dass Sie für Ihre API **Clients generieren** können (manchmal auch **SDKs** genannt), für viele verschiedene **Programmiersprachen**. + +## OpenAPI-Client-Generatoren + +Es gibt viele Tools zum Generieren von Clients aus **OpenAPI**. + +Ein gängiges Tool ist OpenAPI Generator. + +Wenn Sie ein **Frontend** erstellen, ist openapi-typescript-codegen eine sehr interessante Alternative. + +## Client- und SDK-Generatoren – Sponsor + +Es gibt auch einige **vom Unternehmen entwickelte** Client- und SDK-Generatoren, die auf OpenAPI (FastAPI) basieren. In einigen Fällen können diese Ihnen **weitere Funktionalität** zusätzlich zu qualitativ hochwertigen generierten SDKs/Clients bieten. + +Einige von diesen ✨ [**sponsern FastAPI**](../help-fastapi.md#den-autor-sponsern){.internal-link target=_blank} ✨, das gewährleistet die kontinuierliche und gesunde **Entwicklung** von FastAPI und seinem **Ökosystem**. + +Und es zeigt deren wahres Engagement für FastAPI und seine **Community** (Sie), da diese Ihnen nicht nur einen **guten Service** bieten möchten, sondern auch sicherstellen möchten, dass Sie über ein **gutes und gesundes Framework** verfügen, FastAPI. 🙇 + +Beispielsweise könnten Sie Speakeasy ausprobieren. + +Es gibt auch mehrere andere Unternehmen, welche ähnliche Dienste anbieten und die Sie online suchen und finden können. 🤓 + +## Einen TypeScript-Frontend-Client generieren + +Beginnen wir mit einer einfachen FastAPI-Anwendung: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7-9 12-13 16-17 21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-11 14-15 18 19 23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +Beachten Sie, dass die *Pfadoperationen* die Modelle definieren, welche diese für die Request- und Response-Payload verwenden, indem sie die Modelle `Item` und `ResponseMessage` verwenden. + +### API-Dokumentation + +Wenn Sie zur API-Dokumentation gehen, werden Sie sehen, dass diese die **Schemas** für die Daten enthält, welche in Requests gesendet und in Responses empfangen werden: + + + +Sie können diese Schemas sehen, da sie mit den Modellen in der Anwendung deklariert wurden. + +Diese Informationen sind im **OpenAPI-Schema** der Anwendung verfügbar und werden dann in der API-Dokumentation angezeigt (von Swagger UI). + +Und dieselben Informationen aus den Modellen, die in OpenAPI enthalten sind, können zum **Generieren des Client-Codes** verwendet werden. + +### Einen TypeScript-Client generieren + +Nachdem wir nun die Anwendung mit den Modellen haben, können wir den Client-Code für das Frontend generieren. + +#### `openapi-typescript-codegen` installieren + +Sie können `openapi-typescript-codegen` in Ihrem Frontend-Code installieren mit: + +
+ +```console +$ npm install openapi-typescript-codegen --save-dev + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +#### Client-Code generieren + +Um den Client-Code zu generieren, können Sie das Kommandozeilentool `openapi` verwenden, das soeben installiert wurde. + +Da es im lokalen Projekt installiert ist, könnten Sie diesen Befehl wahrscheinlich nicht direkt aufrufen, sondern würden ihn in Ihre Datei `package.json` einfügen. + +Diese könnte so aussehen: + +```JSON hl_lines="7" +{ + "name": "frontend-app", + "version": "1.0.0", + "description": "", + "main": "index.js", + "scripts": { + "generate-client": "openapi --input http://localhost:8000/openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios --useOptions --useUnionTypes" + }, + "author": "", + "license": "", + "devDependencies": { + "openapi-typescript-codegen": "^0.20.1", + "typescript": "^4.6.2" + } +} +``` + +Nachdem Sie das NPM-Skript `generate-client` dort stehen haben, können Sie es ausführen mit: + +
+ +```console +$ npm run generate-client + +frontend-app@1.0.0 generate-client /home/user/code/frontend-app +> openapi --input http://localhost:8000/openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios --useOptions --useUnionTypes +``` + +
+ +Dieser Befehl generiert Code in `./src/client` und verwendet intern `axios` (die Frontend-HTTP-Bibliothek). + +### Den Client-Code ausprobieren + +Jetzt können Sie den Client-Code importieren und verwenden. Er könnte wie folgt aussehen, beachten Sie, dass Sie automatische Codevervollständigung für die Methoden erhalten: + + + +Sie erhalten außerdem automatische Vervollständigung für die zu sendende Payload: + + + +!!! tip "Tipp" + Beachten Sie die automatische Vervollständigung für `name` und `price`, welche in der FastAPI-Anwendung im `Item`-Modell definiert wurden. + +Sie erhalten Inline-Fehlerberichte für die von Ihnen gesendeten Daten: + + + +Das Response-Objekt hat auch automatische Vervollständigung: + + + +## FastAPI-Anwendung mit Tags + +In vielen Fällen wird Ihre FastAPI-Anwendung größer sein und Sie werden wahrscheinlich Tags verwenden, um verschiedene Gruppen von *Pfadoperationen* zu separieren. + +Beispielsweise könnten Sie einen Abschnitt für **Items (Artikel)** und einen weiteren Abschnitt für **Users (Benutzer)** haben, und diese könnten durch Tags getrennt sein: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="21 26 34" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="23 28 36" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +### Einen TypeScript-Client mit Tags generieren + +Wenn Sie unter Verwendung von Tags einen Client für eine FastAPI-Anwendung generieren, wird normalerweise auch der Client-Code anhand der Tags getrennt. + +Auf diese Weise können Sie die Dinge für den Client-Code richtig ordnen und gruppieren: + + + +In diesem Fall haben Sie: + +* `ItemsService` +* `UsersService` + +### Client-Methodennamen + +Im Moment sehen die generierten Methodennamen wie `createItemItemsPost` nicht sehr sauber aus: + +```TypeScript +ItemsService.createItemItemsPost({name: "Plumbus", price: 5}) +``` + +... das liegt daran, dass der Client-Generator für jede *Pfadoperation* die OpenAPI-interne **Operation-ID** verwendet. + +OpenAPI erfordert, dass jede Operation-ID innerhalb aller *Pfadoperationen* eindeutig ist. Daher verwendet FastAPI den **Funktionsnamen**, den **Pfad** und die **HTTP-Methode/-Operation**, um diese Operation-ID zu generieren. Denn so kann sichergestellt werden, dass die Operation-IDs eindeutig sind. + +Aber ich zeige Ihnen als nächstes, wie Sie das verbessern können. 🤓 + +## Benutzerdefinierte Operation-IDs und bessere Methodennamen + +Sie können die Art und Weise, wie diese Operation-IDs **generiert** werden, **ändern**, um sie einfacher zu machen und **einfachere Methodennamen** in den Clients zu haben. + +In diesem Fall müssen Sie auf andere Weise sicherstellen, dass jede Operation-ID **eindeutig** ist. + +Sie könnten beispielsweise sicherstellen, dass jede *Pfadoperation* einen Tag hat, und dann die Operation-ID basierend auf dem **Tag** und dem **Namen** der *Pfadoperation* (dem Funktionsnamen) generieren. + +### Funktion zum Generieren einer eindeutigen ID erstellen + +FastAPI verwendet eine **eindeutige ID** für jede *Pfadoperation*, diese wird für die **Operation-ID** und auch für die Namen aller benötigten benutzerdefinierten Modelle für Requests oder Responses verwendet. + +Sie können diese Funktion anpassen. Sie nimmt eine `APIRoute` und gibt einen String zurück. + +Hier verwendet sie beispielsweise den ersten Tag (Sie werden wahrscheinlich nur einen Tag haben) und den Namen der *Pfadoperation* (den Funktionsnamen). + +Anschließend können Sie diese benutzerdefinierte Funktion als Parameter `generate_unique_id_function` an **FastAPI** übergeben: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="6-7 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8-9 12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +### Einen TypeScript-Client mit benutzerdefinierten Operation-IDs generieren + +Wenn Sie nun den Client erneut generieren, werden Sie feststellen, dass er über die verbesserten Methodennamen verfügt: + + + +Wie Sie sehen, haben die Methodennamen jetzt den Tag und dann den Funktionsnamen, aber keine Informationen aus dem URL-Pfad und der HTTP-Operation. + +### Vorab-Modifikation der OpenAPI-Spezifikation für den Client-Generator + +Der generierte Code enthält immer noch etwas **verdoppelte Information**. + +Wir wissen bereits, dass diese Methode mit den **Items** zusammenhängt, da sich dieses Wort in `ItemsService` befindet (vom Tag übernommen), aber wir haben auch immer noch den Tagnamen im Methodennamen vorangestellt. 😕 + +Wir werden das wahrscheinlich weiterhin für OpenAPI im Allgemeinen beibehalten wollen, da dadurch sichergestellt wird, dass die Operation-IDs **eindeutig** sind. + +Aber für den generierten Client könnten wir die OpenAPI-Operation-IDs direkt vor der Generierung der Clients **modifizieren**, um diese Methodennamen schöner und **sauberer** zu machen. + +Wir könnten das OpenAPI-JSON in eine Datei `openapi.json` herunterladen und dann mit einem Skript wie dem folgenden **den vorangestellten Tag entfernen**: + +=== "Python" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "Node.js" + + ```Javascript + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial004.js!} + ``` + +Damit würden die Operation-IDs von Dingen wie `items-get_items` in `get_items` umbenannt, sodass der Client-Generator einfachere Methodennamen generieren kann. + +### Einen TypeScript-Client mit der modifizierten OpenAPI generieren + +Da das Endergebnis nun in einer Datei `openapi.json` vorliegt, würden Sie die `package.json` ändern, um diese lokale Datei zu verwenden, zum Beispiel: + +```JSON hl_lines="7" +{ + "name": "frontend-app", + "version": "1.0.0", + "description": "", + "main": "index.js", + "scripts": { + "generate-client": "openapi --input ./openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios --useOptions --useUnionTypes" + }, + "author": "", + "license": "", + "devDependencies": { + "openapi-typescript-codegen": "^0.20.1", + "typescript": "^4.6.2" + } +} +``` + +Nach der Generierung des neuen Clients hätten Sie nun **saubere Methodennamen** mit allen **Autovervollständigungen**, **Inline-Fehlerberichten**, usw.: + + + +## Vorteile + +Wenn Sie die automatisch generierten Clients verwenden, erhalten Sie **automatische Codevervollständigung** für: + +* Methoden. +* Request-Payloads im Body, Query-Parameter, usw. +* Response-Payloads. + +Außerdem erhalten Sie für alles **Inline-Fehlerberichte**. + +Und wann immer Sie den Backend-Code aktualisieren und das Frontend **neu generieren**, stehen alle neuen *Pfadoperationen* als Methoden zur Verfügung, die alten werden entfernt und alle anderen Änderungen werden im generierten Code reflektiert. 🤓 + +Das bedeutet auch, dass, wenn sich etwas ändert, dies automatisch im Client-Code **reflektiert** wird. Und wenn Sie den Client **erstellen**, kommt es zu einer Fehlermeldung, wenn die verwendeten Daten **nicht übereinstimmen**. + +Sie würden also sehr früh im Entwicklungszyklus **viele Fehler erkennen**, anstatt darauf warten zu müssen, dass die Fehler Ihren Endbenutzern in der Produktion angezeigt werden, und dann zu versuchen, zu debuggen, wo das Problem liegt. ✨ diff --git a/docs/de/docs/advanced/openapi-webhooks.md b/docs/de/docs/advanced/openapi-webhooks.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..339218080 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/de/docs/advanced/openapi-webhooks.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +# OpenAPI-Webhooks + +Es gibt Fälle, in denen Sie Ihren API-Benutzern mitteilen möchten, dass Ihre Anwendung mit einigen Daten *deren* Anwendung aufrufen (ein Request senden) könnte, normalerweise um über ein bestimmtes **Event** zu **benachrichtigen**. + +Das bedeutet, dass anstelle des normalen Prozesses, bei dem Benutzer Requests an Ihre API senden, **Ihre API** (oder Ihre Anwendung) **Requests an deren System** (an deren API, deren Anwendung) senden könnte. + +Das wird normalerweise als **Webhook** bezeichnet. + +## Webhooks-Schritte + +Der Prozess besteht normalerweise darin, dass **Sie in Ihrem Code definieren**, welche Nachricht Sie senden möchten, den **Body des Requests**. + +Sie definieren auch auf irgendeine Weise, zu welchen **Momenten** Ihre Anwendung diese Requests oder Events sendet. + +Und **Ihre Benutzer** definieren auf irgendeine Weise (zum Beispiel irgendwo in einem Web-Dashboard) die **URL**, an die Ihre Anwendung diese Requests senden soll. + +Die gesamte **Logik** zur Registrierung der URLs für Webhooks und der Code zum tatsächlichen Senden dieser Requests liegt bei Ihnen. Sie schreiben es so, wie Sie möchten, in **Ihrem eigenen Code**. + +## Webhooks mit **FastAPI** und OpenAPI dokumentieren + +Mit **FastAPI** können Sie mithilfe von OpenAPI die Namen dieser Webhooks, die Arten von HTTP-Operationen, die Ihre Anwendung senden kann (z. B. `POST`, `PUT`, usw.) und die Request**bodys** definieren, die Ihre Anwendung senden würde. + +Dies kann es Ihren Benutzern viel einfacher machen, **deren APIs zu implementieren**, um Ihre **Webhook**-Requests zu empfangen. Möglicherweise können diese sogar einen Teil des eigenem API-Codes automatisch generieren. + +!!! info + Webhooks sind in OpenAPI 3.1.0 und höher verfügbar und werden von FastAPI `0.99.0` und höher unterstützt. + +## Eine Anwendung mit Webhooks + +Wenn Sie eine **FastAPI**-Anwendung erstellen, gibt es ein `webhooks`-Attribut, mit dem Sie *Webhooks* definieren können, genauso wie Sie *Pfadoperationen* definieren würden, zum Beispiel mit `@app.webhooks.post()`. + +```Python hl_lines="9-13 36-53" +{!../../../docs_src/openapi_webhooks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Die von Ihnen definierten Webhooks landen im **OpenAPI**-Schema und der automatischen **Dokumentations-Oberfläche**. + +!!! info + Das `app.webhooks`-Objekt ist eigentlich nur ein `APIRouter`, derselbe Typ, den Sie verwenden würden, wenn Sie Ihre Anwendung mit mehreren Dateien strukturieren. + +Beachten Sie, dass Sie bei Webhooks tatsächlich keinen *Pfad* (wie `/items/`) deklarieren, sondern dass der Text, den Sie dort übergeben, lediglich eine **Kennzeichnung** des Webhooks (der Name des Events) ist. Zum Beispiel ist in `@app.webhooks.post("new-subscription")` der Webhook-Name `new-subscription`. + +Das liegt daran, dass erwartet wird, dass **Ihre Benutzer** den tatsächlichen **URL-Pfad**, an dem diese den Webhook-Request empfangen möchten, auf andere Weise definieren (z. B. über ein Web-Dashboard). + +### Es in der Dokumentation ansehen + +Jetzt können Sie Ihre Anwendung mit Uvicorn starten und auf http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs gehen. + +Sie werden sehen, dass Ihre Dokumentation die normalen *Pfadoperationen* und jetzt auch einige **Webhooks** enthält: + + diff --git a/docs/de/docs/benchmarks.md b/docs/de/docs/benchmarks.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6efd56e83 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/de/docs/benchmarks.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +# Benchmarks + +Unabhängige TechEmpower-Benchmarks zeigen, **FastAPI**-Anwendungen, die unter Uvicorn ausgeführt werden, gehören zu den schnellsten existierenden Python-Frameworks, nur Starlette und Uvicorn selbst (intern von FastAPI verwendet) sind schneller. + +Beim Ansehen von Benchmarks und Vergleichen sollten Sie jedoch Folgende Punkte beachten. + +## Benchmarks und Geschwindigkeit + +Wenn Sie sich die Benchmarks ansehen, werden häufig mehrere Tools mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften als gleichwertig verglichen. + +Konkret geht es darum, Uvicorn, Starlette und FastAPI miteinander zu vergleichen (neben vielen anderen Tools). + +Je einfacher das Problem, welches durch das Tool gelöst wird, desto besser ist die Performanz. Und die meisten Benchmarks testen nicht die zusätzlichen Funktionen, welche das Tool bietet. + +Die Hierarchie ist wie folgt: + +* **Uvicorn**: ein ASGI-Server + * **Starlette**: (verwendet Uvicorn) ein Web-Mikroframework + * **FastAPI**: (verwendet Starlette) ein API-Mikroframework mit mehreren zusätzlichen Funktionen zum Erstellen von APIs, mit Datenvalidierung, usw. + +* **Uvicorn**: + * Bietet die beste Leistung, da außer dem Server selbst nicht viel zusätzlicher Code vorhanden ist. + * Sie würden eine Anwendung nicht direkt in Uvicorn schreiben. Das würde bedeuten, dass Ihr Code zumindest mehr oder weniger den gesamten von Starlette (oder **FastAPI**) bereitgestellten Code enthalten müsste. Und wenn Sie das täten, hätte Ihre endgültige Anwendung den gleichen Overhead wie die Verwendung eines Frameworks nebst Minimierung Ihres Anwendungscodes und der Fehler. + * Wenn Sie Uvicorn vergleichen, vergleichen Sie es mit Anwendungsservern wie Daphne, Hypercorn, uWSGI, usw. +* **Starlette**: + * Wird nach Uvicorn die nächstbeste Performanz erbringen. Tatsächlich nutzt Starlette intern Uvicorn. Daher kann es wahrscheinlich nur „langsamer“ als Uvicorn sein, weil mehr Code ausgeführt wird. + * Aber es bietet Ihnen die Tools zum Erstellen einfacher Webanwendungen, mit Routing basierend auf Pfaden, usw. + * Wenn Sie Starlette vergleichen, vergleichen Sie es mit Webframeworks (oder Mikroframeworks) wie Sanic, Flask, Django, usw. +* **FastAPI**: + * So wie Starlette Uvicorn verwendet und nicht schneller als dieses sein kann, verwendet **FastAPI** Starlette, sodass es nicht schneller als dieses sein kann. + * FastAPI bietet zusätzlich zu Starlette weitere Funktionen. Funktionen, die Sie beim Erstellen von APIs fast immer benötigen, wie Datenvalidierung und Serialisierung. Und wenn Sie es verwenden, erhalten Sie kostenlos automatische Dokumentation (die automatische Dokumentation verursacht nicht einmal zusätzlichen Aufwand für laufende Anwendungen, sie wird beim Start generiert). + * Wenn Sie FastAPI nicht, und direkt Starlette (oder ein anderes Tool wie Sanic, Flask, Responder, usw.) verwenden würden, müssten Sie die gesamte Datenvalidierung und Serialisierung selbst implementieren. Ihre finale Anwendung hätte also immer noch den gleichen Overhead, als ob sie mit FastAPI erstellt worden wäre. Und in vielen Fällen ist diese Datenvalidierung und Serialisierung der größte Teil des in Anwendungen geschriebenen Codes. + * Durch die Verwendung von FastAPI sparen Sie also Entwicklungszeit, Fehler und Codezeilen und würden wahrscheinlich die gleiche Leistung (oder eine bessere) erzielen, die Sie hätten, wenn Sie es nicht verwenden würden (da Sie alles in Ihrem Code implementieren müssten). + * Wenn Sie FastAPI vergleichen, vergleichen Sie es mit einem Webanwendung-Framework (oder einer Reihe von Tools), welche Datenvalidierung, Serialisierung und Dokumentation bereitstellen, wie Flask-apispec, NestJS, Molten, usw. – Frameworks mit integrierter automatischer Datenvalidierung, Serialisierung und Dokumentation. diff --git a/docs/de/docs/features.md b/docs/de/docs/features.md index f56257e7e..64fa8092d 100644 --- a/docs/de/docs/features.md +++ b/docs/de/docs/features.md @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ ### Automatische Dokumentation -Mit einer interaktiven API-Dokumentation und explorativen webbasierten Benutzerschnittstellen. Da FastAPI auf OpenAPI basiert, gibt es hierzu mehrere Optionen, wobei zwei standartmäßig vorhanden sind. +Mit einer interaktiven API-Dokumentation und explorativen webbasierten Benutzerschnittstellen. Da FastAPI auf OpenAPI basiert, gibt es hierzu mehrere Optionen, wobei zwei standardmäßig vorhanden sind. * Swagger UI, bietet interaktive Exploration: testen und rufen Sie ihre API direkt vom Webbrowser auf. @@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ Mit einer interaktiven API-Dokumentation und explorativen webbasierten Benutzers ### Nur modernes Python -Alles basiert auf **Python 3.6 Typ**-Deklarationen (dank Pydantic). Es muss keine neue Syntax gelernt werden, nur standardisiertes modernes Python. +Alles basiert auf **Python 3.8 Typ**-Deklarationen (dank Pydantic). Es muss keine neue Syntax gelernt werden, nur standardisiertes modernes Python. + - Wenn Sie eine kurze, zweiminütige, Auffrischung in der Benutzung von Python Typ-Deklarationen benötigen (auch wenn Sie FastAPI nicht nutzen), schauen Sie sich diese kurze Einführung an (Englisch): Python Types{.internal-link target=_blank}. @@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ Hierdurch werden Sie nie wieder einen falschen Schlüsselnamen benutzen und spar ### Kompakt -FastAPI nutzt für alles sensible **Standard-Einstellungen**, welche optional überall konfiguriert werden können. Alle Parameter können ganz genau an Ihre Bedürfnisse angepasst werden, sodass sie genau die API definieren können, die sie brachen. +FastAPI nutzt für alles sensible **Standard-Einstellungen**, welche optional überall konfiguriert werden können. Alle Parameter können ganz genau an Ihre Bedürfnisse angepasst werden, sodass sie genau die API definieren können, die sie brauchen. -Aber standartmäßig, **"funktioniert einfach"** alles. +Aber standardmäßig, **"funktioniert einfach"** alles. ### Validierung @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Aber standartmäßig, **"funktioniert einfach"** alles. * Zeichenketten (`str`), mit definierter minimaler und maximaler Länge. * Zahlen (`int`, `float`) mit minimaler und maximaler Größe, usw. -* Validierung für ungewögnliche Typen, wie: +* Validierung für ungewöhnliche Typen, wie: * URL. * Email. * UUID. @@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ Die gesamte Validierung übernimmt das etablierte und robuste **Pydantic**. ### Sicherheit und Authentifizierung -Sicherheit und Authentifizierung integriert. Ohne einen Kompromiss aufgrund einer Datenbank oder den Datenentitäten. +Integrierte Sicherheit und Authentifizierung. Ohne Kompromisse bei Datenbanken oder Datenmodellen. -Unterstützt alle von OpenAPI definierten Sicherheitsschemata, hierzu gehören: +Unterstützt werden alle von OpenAPI definierten Sicherheitsschemata, hierzu gehören: * HTTP Basis Authentifizierung. * **OAuth2** (auch mit **JWT Zugriffstokens**). Schauen Sie sich hierzu dieses Tutorial an: [OAuth2 mit JWT](tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ FastAPI enthält ein extrem einfaches, aber extrem mächtiges Starlette. Das bedeutet, auch ihr eigner Starlett Quellcode funktioniert. +**FastAPI** ist vollkommen kompatibel (und basiert auf) Starlette. Das bedeutet, auch ihr eigener Starlette Quellcode funktioniert. -`FastAPI` ist eigentlich eine Unterklasse von `Starlette`. Wenn sie also bereits Starlette kennen oder benutzen, können Sie das meiste Ihres Wissen direkt anwenden. +`FastAPI` ist eigentlich eine Unterklasse von `Starlette`. Wenn Sie also bereits Starlette kennen oder benutzen, können Sie das meiste Ihres Wissens direkt anwenden. Mit **FastAPI** bekommen Sie viele von **Starlette**'s Funktionen (da FastAPI nur Starlette auf Steroiden ist): -* Stark beeindruckende Performanz. Es ist eines der schnellsten Python frameworks, auf Augenhöhe mit **NodeJS** und **Go**. +* Stark beeindruckende Performanz. Es ist eines der schnellsten Python Frameworks, auf Augenhöhe mit **NodeJS** und **Go**. * **WebSocket**-Unterstützung. * Hintergrundaufgaben im selben Prozess. * Ereignisse für das Starten und Herunterfahren. -* Testclient basierend auf `requests`. +* Testclient basierend auf HTTPX. * **CORS**, GZip, statische Dateien, Antwortfluss. * **Sitzungs und Cookie** Unterstützung. * 100% Testabdeckung. @@ -193,11 +193,11 @@ Mit **FastAPI** bekommen Sie alle Funktionen von **Pydantic** (da FastAPI für d * Gutes Zusammenspiel mit Ihrer/Ihrem **IDE/linter/Gehirn**: * Weil Datenstrukturen von Pydantic einfach nur Instanzen ihrer definierten Klassen sind, sollten Autovervollständigung, Linting, mypy und ihre Intuition einwandfrei funktionieren. * **Schnell**: - * In Vergleichen ist Pydantic schneller als jede andere getestete Bibliothek. + * In Vergleichen ist Pydantic schneller als jede andere getestete Bibliothek. * Validierung von **komplexen Strukturen**: * Benutzung von hierachischen Pydantic Schemata, Python `typing`’s `List` und `Dict`, etc. - * Validierungen erlauben klare und einfache Datenschemadefinition, überprüft und dokumentiert als JSON Schema. + * Validierungen erlauben eine klare und einfache Datenschemadefinition, überprüft und dokumentiert als JSON Schema. * Sie können stark **verschachtelte JSON** Objekte haben und diese sind trotzdem validiert und annotiert. * **Erweiterbar**: - * Pydantic erlaubt die Definition von eigenen Datentypen oder sie können die Validierung mit einer `validator` dekorierten Methode erweitern.. + * Pydantic erlaubt die Definition von eigenen Datentypen oder sie können die Validierung mit einer `validator` dekorierten Methode erweitern. * 100% Testabdeckung. diff --git a/docs/de/docs/help/index.md b/docs/de/docs/help/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8fdc4a049 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/de/docs/help/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Hilfe + +Helfen und Hilfe erhalten, beitragen, mitmachen. 🤝 diff --git a/docs/de/docs/index.md b/docs/de/docs/index.md deleted file mode 100644 index d09ce70a0..000000000 --- a/docs/de/docs/index.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,465 +0,0 @@ - -{!../../../docs/missing-translation.md!} - - -

- FastAPI -

-

- FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production -

-

- - Test - - - Coverage - - - Package version - -

- ---- - -**Documentation**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com - -**Source Code**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi - ---- - -FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints. - -The key features are: - -* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance). - -* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * -* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. * -* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. Completion everywhere. Less time debugging. -* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs. -* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs. -* **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation. -* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: OpenAPI (previously known as Swagger) and JSON Schema. - -* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications. - -## Sponsors - - - -{% if sponsors %} -{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%} - -{% endfor -%} -{%- for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%} - -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} - - - -Other sponsors - -## Opinions - -"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._" - -
Kabir Khan - Microsoft (ref)
- ---- - -"_We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]_" - -
Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - Uber (ref)
- ---- - -"_**Netflix** is pleased to announce the open-source release of our **crisis management** orchestration framework: **Dispatch**! [built with **FastAPI**]_" - -
Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - Netflix (ref)
- ---- - -"_I’m over the moon excited about **FastAPI**. It’s so fun!_" - -
Brian Okken - Python Bytes podcast host (ref)
- ---- - -"_Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that._" - -
Timothy Crosley - Hug creator (ref)
- ---- - -"_If you're looking to learn one **modern framework** for building REST APIs, check out **FastAPI** [...] It's fast, easy to use and easy to learn [...]_" - -"_We've switched over to **FastAPI** for our **APIs** [...] I think you'll like it [...]_" - -
Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - Explosion AI founders - spaCy creators (ref) - (ref)
- ---- - -## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs - - - -If you are building a CLI app to be used in the terminal instead of a web API, check out **Typer**. - -**Typer** is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the **FastAPI of CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀 - -## Requirements - -Python 3.6+ - -FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: - -* Starlette for the web parts. -* Pydantic for the data parts. - -## Installation - -
- -```console -$ pip install fastapi - ----> 100% -``` - -
- -You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn. - -
- -```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] - ----> 100% -``` - -
- -## Example - -### Create it - -* Create a file `main.py` with: - -```Python -from typing import Optional - -from fastapi import FastAPI - -app = FastAPI() - - -@app.get("/") -def read_root(): - return {"Hello": "World"} - - -@app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): - return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} -``` - -
-Or use async def... - -If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`: - -```Python hl_lines="9 14" -from typing import Optional - -from fastapi import FastAPI - -app = FastAPI() - - -@app.get("/") -async def read_root(): - return {"Hello": "World"} - - -@app.get("/items/{item_id}") -async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): - return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} -``` - -**Note**: - -If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about `async` and `await` in the docs. - -
- -### Run it - -Run the server with: - -
- -```console -$ uvicorn main:app --reload - -INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) -INFO: Started reloader process [28720] -INFO: Started server process [28722] -INFO: Waiting for application startup. -INFO: Application startup complete. -``` - -
- -
-About the command uvicorn main:app --reload... - -The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to: - -* `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module"). -* `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`. -* `--reload`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development. - -
- -### Check it - -Open your browser at http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. - -You will see the JSON response as: - -```JSON -{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} -``` - -You already created an API that: - -* Receives HTTP requests in the _paths_ `/` and `/items/{item_id}`. -* Both _paths_ take `GET` operations (also known as HTTP _methods_). -* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has a _path parameter_ `item_id` that should be an `int`. -* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has an optional `str` _query parameter_ `q`. - -### Interactive API docs - -Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. - -You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by Swagger UI): - -![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) - -### Alternative API docs - -And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. - -You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by ReDoc): - -![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) - -## Example upgrade - -Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request. - -Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic. - -```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" -from typing import Optional - -from fastapi import FastAPI -from pydantic import BaseModel - -app = FastAPI() - - -class Item(BaseModel): - name: str - price: float - is_offer: Optional[bool] = None - - -@app.get("/") -def read_root(): - return {"Hello": "World"} - - -@app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): - return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} - - -@app.put("/items/{item_id}") -def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): - return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} -``` - -The server should reload automatically (because you added `--reload` to the `uvicorn` command above). - -### Interactive API docs upgrade - -Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. - -* The interactive API documentation will be automatically updated, including the new body: - -![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) - -* Click on the button "Try it out", it allows you to fill the parameters and directly interact with the API: - -![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) - -* Then click on the "Execute" button, the user interface will communicate with your API, send the parameters, get the results and show them on the screen: - -![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) - -### Alternative API docs upgrade - -And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. - -* The alternative documentation will also reflect the new query parameter and body: - -![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) - -### Recap - -In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters. - -You do that with standard modern Python types. - -You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc. - -Just standard **Python 3.6+**. - -For example, for an `int`: - -```Python -item_id: int -``` - -or for a more complex `Item` model: - -```Python -item: Item -``` - -...and with that single declaration you get: - -* Editor support, including: - * Completion. - * Type checks. -* Validation of data: - * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid. - * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects. -* Conversion of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from: - * JSON. - * Path parameters. - * Query parameters. - * Cookies. - * Headers. - * Forms. - * Files. -* Conversion of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON): - * Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc). - * `datetime` objects. - * `UUID` objects. - * Database models. - * ...and many more. -* Automatic interactive API documentation, including 2 alternative user interfaces: - * Swagger UI. - * ReDoc. - ---- - -Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will: - -* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests. -* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests. - * If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error. -* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests. - * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional. - * Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`). -* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, Read the body as JSON: - * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`. - * Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`. - * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present. - * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects. -* Convert from and to JSON automatically. -* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by: - * Interactive documentation systems. - * Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages. -* Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly. - ---- - -We just scratched the surface, but you already get the idea of how it all works. - -Try changing the line with: - -```Python - return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} -``` - -...from: - -```Python - ... "item_name": item.name ... -``` - -...to: - -```Python - ... "item_price": item.price ... -``` - -...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types: - -![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) - -For a more complete example including more features, see the Tutorial - User Guide. - -**Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes: - -* Declaration of **parameters** from other different places as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**. -* How to set **validation constraints** as `maximum_length` or `regex`. -* A very powerful and easy to use **Dependency Injection** system. -* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth. -* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic). -* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as: - * **WebSockets** - * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest` - * **CORS** - * **Cookie Sessions** - * ...and more. - -## Performance - -Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as one of the fastest Python frameworks available, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*) - -To understand more about it, see the section Benchmarks. - -## Optional Dependencies - -Used by Pydantic: - -* ujson - for faster JSON "parsing". -* email_validator - for email validation. - -Used by Starlette: - -* requests - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. -* aiofiles - Required if you want to use `FileResponse` or `StaticFiles`. -* jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. -* python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with `request.form()`. -* itsdangerous - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support. -* pyyaml - Required for Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI). -* ujson - Required if you want to use `UJSONResponse`. - -Used by FastAPI / Starlette: - -* uvicorn - for the server that loads and serves your application. -* orjson - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`. - -You can install all of these with `pip install fastapi[all]`. - -## License - -This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license. diff --git a/docs/de/docs/learn/index.md b/docs/de/docs/learn/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b5582f55b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/de/docs/learn/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# Lernen + +Hier finden Sie die einführenden Kapitel und Tutorials zum Erlernen von **FastAPI**. + +Sie könnten dies als **Buch**, als **Kurs**, als **offizielle** und empfohlene Methode zum Erlernen von FastAPI betrachten. 😎 diff --git a/docs/de/docs/reference/index.md b/docs/de/docs/reference/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e9362b962 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/de/docs/reference/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# Referenz – Code-API + +Hier ist die Referenz oder Code-API, die Klassen, Funktionen, Parameter, Attribute und alle FastAPI-Teile, die Sie in Ihren Anwendungen verwenden können. + +Wenn Sie **FastAPI** lernen möchten, ist es viel besser, das [FastAPI-Tutorial](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/) zu lesen. + +!!! note "Hinweis Deutsche Übersetzung" + Die nachfolgende API wird aus der Quelltext-Dokumentation erstellt, daher sind nur die Einleitungen auf Deutsch. diff --git a/docs/de/docs/resources/index.md b/docs/de/docs/resources/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..abf270d9f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/de/docs/resources/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Ressourcen + +Zusätzliche Ressourcen, externe Links, Artikel und mehr. ✈️ diff --git a/docs/de/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md b/docs/de/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a7bfd55a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/de/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +# Hintergrundtasks + +Sie können Hintergrundtasks (Hintergrund-Aufgaben) definieren, die *nach* der Rückgabe einer Response ausgeführt werden sollen. + +Das ist nützlich für Vorgänge, die nach einem Request ausgeführt werden müssen, bei denen der Client jedoch nicht unbedingt auf den Abschluss des Vorgangs warten muss, bevor er die Response erhält. + +Hierzu zählen beispielsweise: + +* E-Mail-Benachrichtigungen, die nach dem Ausführen einer Aktion gesendet werden: + * Da die Verbindung zu einem E-Mail-Server und das Senden einer E-Mail in der Regel „langsam“ ist (einige Sekunden), können Sie die Response sofort zurücksenden und die E-Mail-Benachrichtigung im Hintergrund senden. +* Daten verarbeiten: + * Angenommen, Sie erhalten eine Datei, die einen langsamen Prozess durchlaufen muss. Sie können als Response „Accepted“ (HTTP 202) zurückgeben und die Datei im Hintergrund verarbeiten. + +## `BackgroundTasks` verwenden + +Importieren Sie zunächst `BackgroundTasks` und definieren Sie einen Parameter in Ihrer *Pfadoperation-Funktion* mit der Typdeklaration `BackgroundTasks`: + +```Python hl_lines="1 13" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +**FastAPI** erstellt für Sie das Objekt vom Typ `BackgroundTasks` und übergibt es als diesen Parameter. + +## Eine Taskfunktion erstellen + +Erstellen Sie eine Funktion, die als Hintergrundtask ausgeführt werden soll. + +Es handelt sich schlicht um eine Standard-Funktion, die Parameter empfangen kann. + +Es kann sich um eine `async def`- oder normale `def`-Funktion handeln. **FastAPI** weiß, wie damit zu verfahren ist. + +In diesem Fall schreibt die Taskfunktion in eine Datei (den Versand einer E-Mail simulierend). + +Und da der Schreibvorgang nicht `async` und `await` verwendet, definieren wir die Funktion mit normalem `def`: + +```Python hl_lines="6-9" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## Den Hintergrundtask hinzufügen + +Übergeben Sie innerhalb Ihrer *Pfadoperation-Funktion* Ihre Taskfunktion mit der Methode `.add_task()` an das *Hintergrundtasks*-Objekt: + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`.add_task()` erhält als Argumente: + +* Eine Taskfunktion, die im Hintergrund ausgeführt wird (`write_notification`). +* Eine beliebige Folge von Argumenten, die der Reihe nach an die Taskfunktion übergeben werden sollen (`email`). +* Alle Schlüsselwort-Argumente, die an die Taskfunktion übergeben werden sollen (`message="some notification"`). + +## Dependency Injection + +Die Verwendung von `BackgroundTasks` funktioniert auch mit dem Dependency Injection System. Sie können einen Parameter vom Typ `BackgroundTasks` auf mehreren Ebenen deklarieren: in einer *Pfadoperation-Funktion*, in einer Abhängigkeit (Dependable), in einer Unterabhängigkeit usw. + +**FastAPI** weiß, was jeweils zu tun ist und wie dasselbe Objekt wiederverwendet werden kann, sodass alle Hintergrundtasks zusammengeführt und anschließend im Hintergrund ausgeführt werden: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="13 15 22 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="13 15 22 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="14 16 23 26" + {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ nicht annotiert" + + !!! tip "Tipp" + Bevorzugen Sie die `Annotated`-Version, falls möglich. + + ```Python hl_lines="11 13 20 23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ nicht annotiert" + + !!! tip "Tipp" + Bevorzugen Sie die `Annotated`-Version, falls möglich. + + ```Python hl_lines="13 15 22 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +In obigem Beispiel werden die Nachrichten, *nachdem* die Response gesendet wurde, in die Datei `log.txt` geschrieben. + +Wenn im Request ein Query-Parameter enthalten war, wird dieser in einem Hintergrundtask in das Log geschrieben. + +Und dann schreibt ein weiterer Hintergrundtask, der in der *Pfadoperation-Funktion* erstellt wird, eine Nachricht unter Verwendung des Pfad-Parameters `email`. + +## Technische Details + +Die Klasse `BackgroundTasks` stammt direkt von `starlette.background`. + +Sie wird direkt in FastAPI importiert/inkludiert, sodass Sie sie von `fastapi` importieren können und vermeiden, versehentlich das alternative `BackgroundTask` (ohne das `s` am Ende) von `starlette.background` zu importieren. + +Indem Sie nur `BackgroundTasks` (und nicht `BackgroundTask`) verwenden, ist es dann möglich, es als *Pfadoperation-Funktion*-Parameter zu verwenden und **FastAPI** den Rest für Sie erledigen zu lassen, genau wie bei der direkten Verwendung des `Request`-Objekts. + +Es ist immer noch möglich, `BackgroundTask` allein in FastAPI zu verwenden, aber Sie müssen das Objekt in Ihrem Code erstellen und eine Starlette-`Response` zurückgeben, die es enthält. + +Weitere Details finden Sie in der offiziellen Starlette-Dokumentation für Hintergrundtasks. + +## Vorbehalt + +Wenn Sie umfangreiche Hintergrundberechnungen durchführen müssen und diese nicht unbedingt vom selben Prozess ausgeführt werden müssen (z. B. müssen Sie Speicher, Variablen, usw. nicht gemeinsam nutzen), könnte die Verwendung anderer größerer Tools wie z. B. Celery von Vorteil sein. + +Sie erfordern in der Regel komplexere Konfigurationen und einen Nachrichten-/Job-Queue-Manager wie RabbitMQ oder Redis, ermöglichen Ihnen jedoch die Ausführung von Hintergrundtasks in mehreren Prozessen und insbesondere auf mehreren Servern. + +Um ein Beispiel zu sehen, sehen Sie sich die [Projektgeneratoren](../project-generation.md){.internal-link target=_blank} an. Sie alle enthalten Celery, bereits konfiguriert. + +Wenn Sie jedoch über dieselbe **FastAPI**-Anwendung auf Variablen und Objekte zugreifen oder kleine Hintergrundtasks ausführen müssen (z. B. das Senden einer E-Mail-Benachrichtigung), können Sie einfach `BackgroundTasks` verwenden. + +## Zusammenfassung + +Importieren und verwenden Sie `BackgroundTasks` mit Parametern in *Pfadoperation-Funktionen* und Abhängigkeiten, um Hintergrundtasks hinzuzufügen. diff --git a/docs/de/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md b/docs/de/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..643be7489 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/de/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +# Body – Felder + +So wie Sie zusätzliche Validation und Metadaten in Parametern der **Pfadoperation-Funktion** mittels `Query`, `Path` und `Body` deklarieren, können Sie auch innerhalb von Pydantic-Modellen zusätzliche Validation und Metadaten deklarieren, mittels Pydantics `Field`. + +## `Field` importieren + +Importieren Sie es zuerst: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ nicht annotiert" + + !!! tip "Tipp" + Bevorzugen Sie die `Annotated`-Version, falls möglich. + + ```Python hl_lines="2" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ nicht annotiert" + + !!! tip "Tipp" + Bevorzugen Sie die `Annotated`-Version, falls möglich. + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +!!! warning "Achtung" + Beachten Sie, dass `Field` direkt von `pydantic` importiert wird, nicht von `fastapi`, wie die anderen (`Query`, `Path`, `Body`, usw.) + +## Modellattribute deklarieren + +Dann können Sie `Field` mit Modellattributen deklarieren: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11-14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11-14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12-15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ nicht annotiert" + + !!! tip "Tipp" + Bevorzugen Sie die `Annotated`-Version, falls möglich. + + ```Python hl_lines="9-12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ nicht annotiert" + + !!! tip "Tipp" + Bevorzugen Sie die `Annotated`-Version, falls möglich. + + ```Python hl_lines="11-14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +`Field` funktioniert genauso wie `Query`, `Path` und `Body`, es hat die gleichen Parameter, usw. + +!!! note "Technische Details" + Tatsächlich erstellen `Query`, `Path` und andere, die sie kennenlernen werden, Instanzen von Unterklassen einer allgemeinen Klasse `Param`, die ihrerseits eine Unterklasse von Pydantics `FieldInfo`-Klasse ist. + + Und Pydantics `Field` gibt ebenfalls eine Instanz von `FieldInfo` zurück. + + `Body` gibt auch Instanzen einer Unterklasse von `FieldInfo` zurück. Und später werden Sie andere sehen, die Unterklassen der `Body`-Klasse sind. + + Denken Sie daran, dass `Query`, `Path` und andere von `fastapi` tatsächlich Funktionen sind, die spezielle Klassen zurückgeben. + +!!! tip "Tipp" + Beachten Sie, dass jedes Modellattribut mit einem Typ, Defaultwert und `Field` die gleiche Struktur hat wie ein Parameter einer Pfadoperation-Funktion, nur mit `Field` statt `Path`, `Query`, `Body`. + +## Zusätzliche Information hinzufügen + +Sie können zusätzliche Information in `Field`, `Query`, `Body`, usw. deklarieren. Und es wird im generierten JSON-Schema untergebracht. + +Sie werden später mehr darüber lernen, wie man zusätzliche Information unterbringt, wenn Sie lernen, Beispiele zu deklarieren. + +!!! warning "Achtung" + Extra-Schlüssel, die `Field` überreicht werden, werden auch im resultierenden OpenAPI-Schema Ihrer Anwendung gelistet. Da diese Schlüssel nicht notwendigerweise Teil der OpenAPI-Spezifikation sind, könnten einige OpenAPI-Tools, wie etwa [der OpenAPI-Validator](https://validator.swagger.io/), nicht mit Ihrem generierten Schema funktionieren. + +## Zusammenfassung + +Sie können Pydantics `Field` verwenden, um zusätzliche Validierungen und Metadaten für Modellattribute zu deklarieren. + +Sie können auch Extra-Schlüssel verwenden, um zusätzliche JSON-Schema-Metadaten zu überreichen. diff --git a/docs/de/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md b/docs/de/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a237243e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/de/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,308 @@ +# Body – Mehrere Parameter + +Jetzt, da wir gesehen haben, wie `Path` und `Query` verwendet werden, schauen wir uns fortgeschrittenere Verwendungsmöglichkeiten von Requestbody-Deklarationen an. + +## `Path`-, `Query`- und Body-Parameter vermischen + +Zuerst einmal, Sie können `Path`-, `Query`- und Requestbody-Parameter-Deklarationen frei mischen und **FastAPI** wird wissen, was zu tun ist. + +Und Sie können auch Body-Parameter als optional kennzeichnen, indem Sie den Defaultwert auf `None` setzen: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18-20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18-20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ nicht annotiert" + + !!! tip "Tipp" + Bevorzugen Sie die `Annotated`-Version, falls möglich. + + ```Python hl_lines="17-19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ nicht annotiert" + + !!! tip "Tipp" + Bevorzugen Sie die `Annotated`-Version, falls möglich. + + ```Python hl_lines="19-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +!!! note "Hinweis" + Beachten Sie, dass in diesem Fall das `item`, welches vom Body genommen wird, optional ist. Da es `None` als Defaultwert hat. + +## Mehrere Body-Parameter + +Im vorherigen Beispiel erwartete die *Pfadoperation* einen JSON-Body mit den Attributen eines `Item`s, etwa: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 +} +``` + +Aber Sie können auch mehrere Body-Parameter deklarieren, z. B. `item` und `user`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +In diesem Fall wird **FastAPI** bemerken, dass es mehr als einen Body-Parameter in der Funktion gibt (zwei Parameter, die Pydantic-Modelle sind). + +Es wird deshalb die Parameternamen als Schlüssel (Feldnamen) im Body verwenden, und erwartet einen Body wie folgt: + +```JSON +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + }, + "user": { + "username": "dave", + "full_name": "Dave Grohl" + } +} +``` + +!!! note "Hinweis" + Beachten Sie, dass, obwohl `item` wie zuvor deklariert wurde, es nun unter einem Schlüssel `item` im Body erwartet wird. + +**FastAPI** wird die automatische Konvertierung des Requests übernehmen, sodass der Parameter `item` seinen spezifischen Inhalt bekommt, genau so wie der Parameter `user`. + +Es wird die Validierung dieser zusammengesetzten Daten übernehmen, und sie im OpenAPI-Schema und der automatischen Dokumentation dokumentieren. + +## Einzelne Werte im Body + +So wie `Query` und `Path` für Query- und Pfad-Parameter, hat **FastAPI** auch das Äquivalent `Body`, um Extra-Daten für Body-Parameter zu definieren. + +Zum Beispiel, das vorherige Modell erweiternd, könnten Sie entscheiden, dass Sie einen weiteren Schlüssel `importance` haben möchten, im selben Body, Seite an Seite mit `item` und `user`. + +Wenn Sie diesen Parameter einfach so hinzufügen, wird **FastAPI** annehmen, dass es ein Query-Parameter ist. + +Aber Sie können **FastAPI** instruieren, ihn als weiteren Body-Schlüssel zu erkennen, indem Sie `Body` verwenden: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ nicht annotiert" + + !!! tip "Tipp" + Bevorzugen Sie die `Annotated`-Version, falls möglich. + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ nicht annotiert" + + !!! tip "Tipp" + Bevorzugen Sie die `Annotated`-Version, falls möglich. + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +In diesem Fall erwartet **FastAPI** einen Body wie: + +```JSON +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + }, + "user": { + "username": "dave", + "full_name": "Dave Grohl" + }, + "importance": 5 +} +``` + +Wiederum wird es die Daten konvertieren, validieren, dokumentieren, usw. + +## Mehrere Body-Parameter und Query-Parameter + +Natürlich können Sie auch, wann immer Sie das brauchen, weitere Query-Parameter hinzufügen, zusätzlich zu den Body-Parametern. + +Da einfache Werte standardmäßig als Query-Parameter interpretiert werden, müssen Sie `Query` nicht explizit hinzufügen, Sie können einfach schreiben: + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = None +``` + +Oder in Python 3.10 und darüber: + +```Python +q: str | None = None +``` + +Zum Beispiel: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="28" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ nicht annotiert" + + !!! tip "Tipp" + Bevorzugen Sie die `Annotated`-Version, falls möglich. + + ```Python hl_lines="25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ nicht annotiert" + + !!! tip "Tipp" + Bevorzugen Sie die `Annotated`-Version, falls möglich. + + ```Python hl_lines="27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + `Body` hat die gleichen zusätzlichen Validierungs- und Metadaten-Parameter wie `Query` und `Path` und andere, die Sie später kennenlernen. + +## Einen einzelnen Body-Parameter einbetten + +Nehmen wir an, Sie haben nur einen einzelnen `item`-Body-Parameter, ein Pydantic-Modell `Item`. + +Normalerweise wird **FastAPI** dann seinen JSON-Body direkt erwarten. + +Aber wenn Sie möchten, dass es einen JSON-Body erwartet, mit einem Schlüssel `item` und darin den Inhalt des Modells, so wie es das tut, wenn Sie mehrere Body-Parameter deklarieren, dann können Sie den speziellen `Body`-Parameter `embed` setzen: + +```Python +item: Item = Body(embed=True) +``` + +so wie in: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ nicht annotiert" + + !!! tip "Tipp" + Bevorzugen Sie die `Annotated`-Version, falls möglich. + + ```Python hl_lines="15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ nicht annotiert" + + !!! tip "Tipp" + Bevorzugen Sie die `Annotated`-Version, falls möglich. + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +In diesem Fall erwartet **FastAPI** einen Body wie: + +```JSON hl_lines="2" +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + } +} +``` + +statt: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 +} +``` + +## Zusammenfassung + +Sie können mehrere Body-Parameter zu ihrer *Pfadoperation-Funktion* hinzufügen, obwohl ein Request nur einen einzigen Body enthalten kann. + +**FastAPI** wird sich darum kümmern, Ihnen korrekte Daten in Ihrer Funktion zu überreichen, und das korrekte Schema in der *Pfadoperation* zu validieren und zu dokumentieren. + +Sie können auch einzelne Werte deklarieren, die als Teil des Bodys empfangen werden. + +Und Sie können **FastAPI** instruieren, den Body in einem Schlüssel unterzubringen, selbst wenn nur ein einzelner Body-Parameter deklariert ist. diff --git a/docs/de/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md b/docs/de/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..976f3f924 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/de/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md @@ -0,0 +1,382 @@ +# Body – Verschachtelte Modelle + +Mit **FastAPI** können Sie (dank Pydantic) beliebig tief verschachtelte Modelle definieren, validieren und dokumentieren. + +## Listen als Felder + +Sie können ein Attribut als Kindtyp definieren, zum Beispiel eine Python-`list`e. + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +Das bewirkt, dass `tags` eine Liste ist, wenngleich es nichts über den Typ der Elemente der Liste aussagt. + +## Listen mit Typ-Parametern als Felder + +Aber Python erlaubt es, Listen mit inneren Typen, auch „Typ-Parameter“ genannt, zu deklarieren. + +### `List` von `typing` importieren + +In Python 3.9 oder darüber können Sie einfach `list` verwenden, um diese Typannotationen zu deklarieren, wie wir unten sehen werden. 💡 + +In Python-Versionen vor 3.9 (3.6 und darüber), müssen Sie zuerst `List` von Pythons Standardmodul `typing` importieren. + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +### Eine `list`e mit einem Typ-Parameter deklarieren + +Um Typen wie `list`, `dict`, `tuple` mit inneren Typ-Parametern (inneren Typen) zu deklarieren: + +* Wenn Sie eine Python-Version kleiner als 3.9 verwenden, importieren Sie das Äquivalent zum entsprechenden Typ vom `typing`-Modul +* Überreichen Sie den/die inneren Typ(en) von eckigen Klammern umschlossen, `[` und `]`, als „Typ-Parameter“ + +In Python 3.9 wäre das: + +```Python +my_list: list[str] +``` + +Und in Python-Versionen vor 3.9: + +```Python +from typing import List + +my_list: List[str] +``` + +Das ist alles Standard-Python-Syntax für Typdeklarationen. + +Verwenden Sie dieselbe Standardsyntax für Modellattribute mit inneren Typen. + +In unserem Beispiel können wir also bewirken, dass `tags` spezifisch eine „Liste von Strings“ ist: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +## Set-Typen + +Aber dann denken wir darüber nach und stellen fest, dass sich die Tags nicht wiederholen sollen, es sollen eindeutige Strings sein. + +Python hat einen Datentyp speziell für Mengen eindeutiger Dinge: das `set`. + +Deklarieren wir also `tags` als Set von Strings. + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +Jetzt, selbst wenn Sie einen Request mit duplizierten Daten erhalten, werden diese zu einem Set eindeutiger Dinge konvertiert. + +Und wann immer Sie diese Daten ausgeben, selbst wenn die Quelle Duplikate hatte, wird es als Set von eindeutigen Dingen ausgegeben. + +Und es wird entsprechend annotiert/dokumentiert. + +## Verschachtelte Modelle + +Jedes Attribut eines Pydantic-Modells hat einen Typ. + +Aber dieser Typ kann selbst ein anderes Pydantic-Modell sein. + +Sie können also tief verschachtelte JSON-„Objekte“ deklarieren, mit spezifischen Attributnamen, -typen, und -validierungen. + +Alles das beliebig tief verschachtelt. + +### Ein Kindmodell definieren + +Wir können zum Beispiel ein `Image`-Modell definieren. + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7-9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +### Das Kindmodell als Typ verwenden + +Und dann können wir es als Typ eines Attributes verwenden. + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +Das würde bedeuten, dass **FastAPI** einen Body erwartet wie: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2, + "tags": ["rock", "metal", "bar"], + "image": { + "url": "http://example.com/baz.jpg", + "name": "The Foo live" + } +} +``` + +Wiederum, nur mit dieser Deklaration erhalten Sie von **FastAPI**: + +* Editor-Unterstützung (Codevervollständigung, usw.), selbst für verschachtelte Modelle +* Datenkonvertierung +* Datenvalidierung +* Automatische Dokumentation + +## Spezielle Typen und Validierungen + +Abgesehen von normalen einfachen Typen, wie `str`, `int`, `float`, usw. können Sie komplexere einfache Typen verwenden, die von `str` erben. + +Um alle Optionen kennenzulernen, die Sie haben, schauen Sie sich Pydantics Typübersicht an. Sie werden im nächsten Kapitel ein paar Beispiele kennenlernen. + +Da wir zum Beispiel im `Image`-Modell ein Feld `url` haben, können wir deklarieren, dass das eine Instanz von Pydantics `HttpUrl` sein soll, anstelle eines `str`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="2 8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +Es wird getestet, ob der String eine gültige URL ist, und als solche wird er in JSON Schema / OpenAPI dokumentiert. + +## Attribute mit Listen von Kindmodellen + +Sie können Pydantic-Modelle auch als Typen innerhalb von `list`, `set`, usw. verwenden: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + +Das wird einen JSON-Body erwarten (konvertieren, validieren, dokumentieren), wie: + +```JSON hl_lines="11" +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2, + "tags": [ + "rock", + "metal", + "bar" + ], + "images": [ + { + "url": "http://example.com/baz.jpg", + "name": "The Foo live" + }, + { + "url": "http://example.com/dave.jpg", + "name": "The Baz" + } + ] +} +``` + +!!! info + Beachten Sie, dass der `images`-Schlüssel jetzt eine Liste von Bild-Objekten hat. + +## Tief verschachtelte Modelle + +Sie können beliebig tief verschachtelte Modelle definieren: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7 12 18 21 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 14 20 23 27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 14 20 23 27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + Beachten Sie, wie `Offer` eine Liste von `Item`s hat, von denen jedes seinerseits eine optionale Liste von `Image`s hat. + +## Bodys aus reinen Listen + +Wenn Sie möchten, dass das äußerste Element des JSON-Bodys ein JSON-`array` (eine Python-`list`e) ist, können Sie den Typ im Funktionsparameter deklarieren, mit der gleichen Syntax wie in Pydantic-Modellen: + +```Python +images: List[Image] +``` + +oder in Python 3.9 und darüber: + +```Python +images: list[Image] +``` + +so wie in: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial008_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial008.py!} + ``` + +## Editor-Unterstützung überall + +Und Sie erhalten Editor-Unterstützung überall. + +Selbst für Dinge in Listen: + + + +Sie würden diese Editor-Unterstützung nicht erhalten, wenn Sie direkt mit `dict`, statt mit Pydantic-Modellen arbeiten würden. + +Aber Sie müssen sich auch nicht weiter um die Modelle kümmern, hereinkommende Dicts werden automatisch in sie konvertiert. Und was Sie zurückgeben, wird automatisch nach JSON konvertiert. + +## Bodys mit beliebigen `dict`s + +Sie können einen Body auch als `dict` deklarieren, mit Schlüsseln eines Typs und Werten eines anderen Typs. + +So brauchen Sie vorher nicht zu wissen, wie die Feld-/Attribut-Namen lauten (wie es bei Pydantic-Modellen der Fall wäre). + +Das ist nützlich, wenn Sie Schlüssel empfangen, deren Namen Sie nicht bereits kennen. + +--- + +Ein anderer nützlicher Anwendungsfall ist, wenn Sie Schlüssel eines anderen Typs haben wollen, z. B. `int`. + +Das schauen wir uns mal an. + +Im folgenden Beispiel akzeptieren Sie irgendein `dict`, solange es `int`-Schlüssel und `float`-Werte hat. + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009.py!} + ``` + +!!! tip "Tipp" + Bedenken Sie, dass JSON nur `str` als Schlüssel unterstützt. + + Aber Pydantic hat automatische Datenkonvertierung. + + Das bedeutet, dass Ihre API-Clients nur Strings senden können, aber solange diese Strings nur Zahlen enthalten, wird Pydantic sie konvertieren und validieren. + + Und das `dict` welches Sie als `weights` erhalten, wird `int`-Schlüssel und `float`-Werte haben. + +## Zusammenfassung + +Mit **FastAPI** haben Sie die maximale Flexibilität von Pydantic-Modellen, während Ihr Code einfach, kurz und elegant bleibt. + +Aber mit all den Vorzügen: + +* Editor-Unterstützung (Codevervollständigung überall) +* Datenkonvertierung (auch bekannt als Parsen, Serialisierung) +* Datenvalidierung +* Schema-Dokumentation +* Automatische Dokumentation diff --git a/docs/de/docs/tutorial/body.md b/docs/de/docs/tutorial/body.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..97215a780 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/de/docs/tutorial/body.md @@ -0,0 +1,213 @@ +# Requestbody + +Wenn Sie Daten von einem Client (sagen wir, einem Browser) zu Ihrer API senden, dann senden Sie diese als einen **Requestbody** (Deutsch: Anfragekörper). + +Ein **Request**body sind Daten, die vom Client zu Ihrer API gesendet werden. Ein **Response**body (Deutsch: Antwortkörper) sind Daten, die Ihre API zum Client sendet. + +Ihre API sendet fast immer einen **Response**body. Aber Clients senden nicht unbedingt immer **Request**bodys (sondern nur Metadaten). + +Um einen **Request**body zu deklarieren, verwenden Sie Pydantic-Modelle mit allen deren Fähigkeiten und Vorzügen. + +!!! info + Um Daten zu versenden, sollten Sie eines von: `POST` (meistverwendet), `PUT`, `DELETE` oder `PATCH` verwenden. + + Senden Sie einen Body mit einem `GET`-Request, dann führt das laut Spezifikation zu undefiniertem Verhalten. Trotzdem wird es von FastAPI unterstützt, für sehr komplexe/extreme Anwendungsfälle. + + Da aber davon abgeraten wird, zeigt die interaktive Dokumentation mit Swagger-Benutzeroberfläche die Dokumentation für den Body auch nicht an, wenn `GET` verwendet wird. Dazwischengeschaltete Proxys unterstützen es möglicherweise auch nicht. + +## Importieren Sie Pydantics `BaseModel` + +Zuerst müssen Sie `BaseModel` von `pydantic` importieren: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="2" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +## Erstellen Sie Ihr Datenmodell + +Dann deklarieren Sie Ihr Datenmodell als eine Klasse, die von `BaseModel` erbt. + +Verwenden Sie Standard-Python-Typen für die Klassenattribute: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="5-9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7-11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +Wie auch bei Query-Parametern gilt, wenn ein Modellattribut einen Defaultwert hat, ist das Attribut nicht erforderlich. Ansonsten ist es erforderlich. Verwenden Sie `None`, um es als optional zu kennzeichnen. + +Zum Beispiel deklariert das obige Modell ein JSON "`object`" (oder Python-`dict`) wie dieses: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "An optional description", + "price": 45.2, + "tax": 3.5 +} +``` + +Da `description` und `tax` optional sind (mit `None` als Defaultwert), wäre folgendes JSON "`object`" auch gültig: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "price": 45.2 +} +``` + +## Deklarieren Sie es als Parameter + +Um es zu Ihrer *Pfadoperation* hinzuzufügen, deklarieren Sie es auf die gleiche Weise, wie Sie Pfad- und Query-Parameter deklariert haben: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +... und deklarieren Sie seinen Typ als das Modell, welches Sie erstellt haben, `Item`. + +## Resultate + +Mit nur dieser Python-Typdeklaration, wird **FastAPI**: + +* Den Requestbody als JSON lesen. +* Die entsprechenden Typen konvertieren (falls nötig). +* Diese Daten validieren. + * Wenn die Daten ungültig sind, einen klar lesbaren Fehler zurückgeben, der anzeigt, wo und was die inkorrekten Daten waren. +* Ihnen die erhaltenen Daten im Parameter `item` übergeben. + * Da Sie diesen in der Funktion als vom Typ `Item` deklariert haben, erhalten Sie die ganze Editor-Unterstützung (Autovervollständigung, usw.) für alle Attribute und deren Typen. +* Eine JSON Schema Definition für Ihr Modell generieren, welche Sie überall sonst verwenden können, wenn es für Ihr Projekt Sinn macht. +* Diese Schemas werden Teil des generierten OpenAPI-Schemas und werden von den UIs der automatischen Dokumentation verwendet. + +## Automatische Dokumentation + +Die JSON-Schemas Ihrer Modelle werden Teil ihrer OpenAPI-generierten Schemas und werden in der interaktiven API Dokumentation angezeigt: + + + +Und werden auch verwendet in der API-Dokumentation innerhalb jeder *Pfadoperation*, welche sie braucht: + + + +## Editor Unterstützung + +In Ihrem Editor, innerhalb Ihrer Funktion, erhalten Sie Typhinweise und Code-Vervollständigung überall (was nicht der Fall wäre, wenn Sie ein `dict` anstelle eines Pydantic Modells erhalten hätten): + + + +Sie bekommen auch Fehler-Meldungen für inkorrekte Typoperationen: + + + +Das ist nicht zufällig so, das ganze Framework wurde um dieses Design herum aufgebaut. + +Und es wurde in der Designphase gründlich getestet, vor der Implementierung, um sicherzustellen, dass es mit jedem Editor funktioniert. + +Es gab sogar ein paar Änderungen an Pydantic selbst, um das zu unterstützen. + +Die vorherigen Screenshots zeigten Visual Studio Code. + +Aber Sie bekommen die gleiche Editor-Unterstützung in PyCharm und in den meisten anderen Python-Editoren: + + + +!!! tip "Tipp" + Wenn Sie PyCharm als Ihren Editor verwenden, probieren Sie das Pydantic PyCharm Plugin aus. + + Es verbessert die Editor-Unterstützung für Pydantic-Modelle, mit: + + * Code-Vervollständigung + * Typüberprüfungen + * Refaktorisierung + * Suchen + * Inspektionen + +## Das Modell verwenden + +Innerhalb der Funktion können Sie alle Attribute des Modells direkt verwenden: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +## Requestbody- + Pfad-Parameter + +Sie können Pfad- und Requestbody-Parameter gleichzeitig deklarieren. + +**FastAPI** erkennt, dass Funktionsparameter, die mit Pfad-Parametern übereinstimmen, **vom Pfad genommen** werden sollen, und dass Funktionsparameter, welche Pydantic-Modelle sind, **vom Requestbody genommen** werden sollen. + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="15-16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17-18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +## Requestbody- + Pfad- + Query-Parameter + +Sie können auch zur gleichen Zeit **Body-**, **Pfad-** und **Query-Parameter** deklarieren. + +**FastAPI** wird jeden Parameter korrekt erkennen und die Daten vom richtigen Ort holen. + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +Die Funktionsparameter werden wie folgt erkannt: + +* Wenn der Parameter auch im **Pfad** deklariert wurde, wird er als Pfad-Parameter interpretiert. +* Wenn der Parameter ein **einfacher Typ** ist (wie `int`, `float`, `str`, `bool`, usw.), wird er als **Query**-Parameter interpretiert. +* Wenn der Parameter vom Typ eines **Pydantic-Modells** ist, wird er als Request**body** interpretiert. + +!!! note "Hinweis" + FastAPI weiß, dass der Wert von `q` nicht erforderlich ist, wegen des definierten Defaultwertes `= None` + + Das `Union` in `Union[str, None]` wird von FastAPI nicht verwendet, aber es erlaubt Ihrem Editor, Sie besser zu unterstützen und Fehler zu erkennen. + +## Ohne Pydantic + +Wenn Sie keine Pydantic-Modelle verwenden wollen, können Sie auch **Body**-Parameter nehmen. Siehe die Dokumentation unter [Body – Mehrere Parameter: Einfache Werte im Body](body-multiple-params.md#einzelne-werte-im-body){.internal-link target=\_blank}. diff --git a/docs/de/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md b/docs/de/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..27ba3ec16 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/de/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md @@ -0,0 +1,333 @@ +# Erste Schritte + +Die einfachste FastAPI-Datei könnte wie folgt aussehen: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Kopieren Sie dies in eine Datei `main.py`. + +Starten Sie den Live-Server: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +!!! note "Hinweis" + Der Befehl `uvicorn main:app` bezieht sich auf: + + * `main`: die Datei `main.py` (das sogenannte Python-„Modul“). + * `app`: das Objekt, welches in der Datei `main.py` mit der Zeile `app = FastAPI()` erzeugt wurde. + * `--reload`: lässt den Server nach Codeänderungen neu starten. Verwenden Sie das nur während der Entwicklung. + +In der Konsolenausgabe sollte es eine Zeile geben, die ungefähr so aussieht: + +```hl_lines="4" +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +Diese Zeile zeigt die URL, unter der Ihre Anwendung auf Ihrem lokalen Computer bereitgestellt wird. + +### Testen Sie es + +Öffnen Sie Ihren Browser unter http://127.0.0.1:8000. + +Sie werden folgende JSON-Response sehen: + +```JSON +{"message": "Hello World"} +``` + +### Interaktive API-Dokumentation + +Gehen Sie als Nächstes auf http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs . + +Sie werden die automatisch erzeugte, interaktive API-Dokumentation sehen (bereitgestellt durch Swagger UI): + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +### Alternative API-Dokumentation + +Gehen Sie nun auf http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. + +Dort sehen Sie die alternative, automatische Dokumentation (bereitgestellt durch ReDoc): + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +### OpenAPI + +**FastAPI** generiert ein „Schema“ mit all Ihren APIs unter Verwendung des **OpenAPI**-Standards zur Definition von APIs. + +#### „Schema“ + +Ein „Schema“ ist eine Definition oder Beschreibung von etwas. Nicht der eigentliche Code, der es implementiert, sondern lediglich eine abstrakte Beschreibung. + +#### API-„Schema“ + +In diesem Fall ist OpenAPI eine Spezifikation, die vorschreibt, wie ein Schema für Ihre API zu definieren ist. + +Diese Schemadefinition enthält Ihre API-Pfade, die möglichen Parameter, welche diese entgegennehmen, usw. + +#### Daten-„Schema“ + +Der Begriff „Schema“ kann sich auch auf die Form von Daten beziehen, wie z. B. einen JSON-Inhalt. + +In diesem Fall sind die JSON-Attribute und deren Datentypen, usw. gemeint. + +#### OpenAPI und JSON Schema + +OpenAPI definiert ein API-Schema für Ihre API. Dieses Schema enthält Definitionen (oder „Schemas“) der Daten, die von Ihrer API unter Verwendung von **JSON Schema**, dem Standard für JSON-Datenschemata, gesendet und empfangen werden. + +#### Überprüfen Sie die `openapi.json` + +Falls Sie wissen möchten, wie das rohe OpenAPI-Schema aussieht: FastAPI generiert automatisch ein JSON (Schema) mit den Beschreibungen Ihrer gesamten API. + +Sie können es direkt einsehen unter: http://127.0.0.1:8000/openapi.json. + +Es wird ein JSON angezeigt, welches ungefähr so aussieht: + +```JSON +{ + "openapi": "3.1.0", + "info": { + "title": "FastAPI", + "version": "0.1.0" + }, + "paths": { + "/items/": { + "get": { + "responses": { + "200": { + "description": "Successful Response", + "content": { + "application/json": { + + + +... +``` + +#### Wofür OpenAPI gedacht ist + +Das OpenAPI-Schema ist die Grundlage für die beiden enthaltenen interaktiven Dokumentationssysteme. + +Es gibt dutzende Alternativen, die alle auf OpenAPI basieren. Sie können jede dieser Alternativen problemlos zu Ihrer mit **FastAPI** erstellten Anwendung hinzufügen. + +Ebenfalls können Sie es verwenden, um automatisch Code für Clients zu generieren, die mit Ihrer API kommunizieren. Zum Beispiel für Frontend-, Mobile- oder IoT-Anwendungen. + +## Rückblick, Schritt für Schritt + +### Schritt 1: Importieren von `FastAPI` + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`FastAPI` ist eine Python-Klasse, die die gesamte Funktionalität für Ihre API bereitstellt. + +!!! note "Technische Details" + `FastAPI` ist eine Klasse, die direkt von `Starlette` erbt. + + Sie können alle Starlette-Funktionalitäten auch mit `FastAPI` nutzen. + +### Schritt 2: Erzeugen einer `FastAPI`-„Instanz“ + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +In diesem Beispiel ist die Variable `app` eine „Instanz“ der Klasse `FastAPI`. + +Dies wird der Hauptinteraktionspunkt für die Erstellung all Ihrer APIs sein. + +Die Variable `app` ist dieselbe, auf die sich der Befehl `uvicorn` bezieht: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +Wenn Sie Ihre Anwendung wie folgt erstellen: + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +Und in eine Datei `main.py` einfügen, dann würden Sie `uvicorn` wie folgt aufrufen: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:my_awesome_api --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +### Schritt 3: Erstellen einer *Pfadoperation* + +#### Pfad + +„Pfad“ bezieht sich hier auf den letzten Teil der URL, beginnend mit dem ersten `/`. + +In einer URL wie: + +``` +https://example.com/items/foo +``` + +... wäre der Pfad folglich: + +``` +/items/foo +``` + +!!! info + Ein „Pfad“ wird häufig auch als „Endpunkt“ oder „Route“ bezeichnet. + +Bei der Erstellung einer API ist der „Pfad“ die wichtigste Möglichkeit zur Trennung von „Anliegen“ und „Ressourcen“. + +#### Operation + +„Operation“ bezieht sich hier auf eine der HTTP-„Methoden“. + +Eine von diesen: + +* `POST` +* `GET` +* `PUT` +* `DELETE` + +... und die etwas Exotischeren: + +* `OPTIONS` +* `HEAD` +* `PATCH` +* `TRACE` + +Im HTTP-Protokoll können Sie mit jedem Pfad über eine (oder mehrere) dieser „Methoden“ kommunizieren. + +--- + +Bei der Erstellung von APIs verwenden Sie normalerweise diese spezifischen HTTP-Methoden, um eine bestimmte Aktion durchzuführen. + +Normalerweise verwenden Sie: + +* `POST`: um Daten zu erzeugen (create). +* `GET`: um Daten zu lesen (read). +* `PUT`: um Daten zu aktualisieren (update). +* `DELETE`: um Daten zu löschen (delete). + +In OpenAPI wird folglich jede dieser HTTP-Methoden als „Operation“ bezeichnet. + +Wir werden sie auch „**Operationen**“ nennen. + +#### Definieren eines *Pfadoperation-Dekorators* + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Das `@app.get("/")` sagt **FastAPI**, dass die Funktion direkt darunter für die Bearbeitung von Anfragen zuständig ist, die an: + + * den Pfad `/` + * unter der Verwendung der get-Operation gehen + +!!! info "`@decorator` Information" + Diese `@something`-Syntax wird in Python „Dekorator“ genannt. + + Sie platzieren ihn über einer Funktion. Wie ein hübscher, dekorativer Hut (daher kommt wohl der Begriff). + + Ein „Dekorator“ nimmt die darunter stehende Funktion und macht etwas damit. + + In unserem Fall teilt dieser Dekorator **FastAPI** mit, dass die folgende Funktion mit dem **Pfad** `/` und der **Operation** `get` zusammenhängt. + + Dies ist der „**Pfadoperation-Dekorator**“. + +Sie können auch die anderen Operationen verwenden: + +* `@app.post()` +* `@app.put()` +* `@app.delete()` + +Oder die exotischeren: + +* `@app.options()` +* `@app.head()` +* `@app.patch()` +* `@app.trace()` + +!!! tip "Tipp" + Es steht Ihnen frei, jede Operation (HTTP-Methode) so zu verwenden, wie Sie es möchten. + + **FastAPI** erzwingt keine bestimmte Bedeutung. + + Die hier aufgeführten Informationen dienen als Leitfaden und sind nicht verbindlich. + + Wenn Sie beispielsweise GraphQL verwenden, führen Sie normalerweise alle Aktionen nur mit „POST“-Operationen durch. + +### Schritt 4: Definieren der **Pfadoperation-Funktion** + +Das ist unsere „**Pfadoperation-Funktion**“: + +* **Pfad**: ist `/`. +* **Operation**: ist `get`. +* **Funktion**: ist die Funktion direkt unter dem „Dekorator“ (unter `@app.get("/")`). + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Dies ist eine Python-Funktion. + +Sie wird von **FastAPI** immer dann aufgerufen, wenn sie eine Anfrage an die URL "`/`" mittels einer `GET`-Operation erhält. + +In diesem Fall handelt es sich um eine `async`-Funktion. + +--- + +Sie könnten sie auch als normale Funktion anstelle von `async def` definieren: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +!!! note "Hinweis" + Wenn Sie den Unterschied nicht kennen, lesen Sie [Async: *„In Eile?“*](../async.md#in-eile){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +### Schritt 5: den Inhalt zurückgeben + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Sie können ein `dict`, eine `list`, einzelne Werte wie `str`, `int`, usw. zurückgeben. + +Sie können auch Pydantic-Modelle zurückgeben (dazu später mehr). + +Es gibt viele andere Objekte und Modelle, die automatisch zu JSON konvertiert werden (einschließlich ORMs usw.). Versuchen Sie, Ihre Lieblingsobjekte zu verwenden. Es ist sehr wahrscheinlich, dass sie bereits unterstützt werden. + +## Zusammenfassung + +* Importieren Sie `FastAPI`. +* Erstellen Sie eine `app` Instanz. +* Schreiben Sie einen **Pfadoperation-Dekorator** (wie z. B. `@app.get("/")`). +* Schreiben Sie eine **Pfadoperation-Funktion** (wie z. B. oben `def root(): ...`). +* Starten Sie den Entwicklungsserver (z. B. `uvicorn main:app --reload`). diff --git a/docs/de/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/de/docs/tutorial/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..93a30d1b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/de/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +# Tutorial – Benutzerhandbuch + +Dieses Tutorial zeigt Ihnen Schritt für Schritt, wie Sie **FastAPI** und die meisten seiner Funktionen verwenden können. + +Jeder Abschnitt baut schrittweise auf den vorhergehenden auf. Diese Abschnitte sind aber nach einzelnen Themen gegliedert, sodass Sie direkt zu einem bestimmten Thema übergehen können, um Ihre speziellen API-Anforderungen zu lösen. + +Außerdem dienen diese als zukünftige Referenz. + +Dadurch können Sie jederzeit zurückkommen und sehen genau das, was Sie benötigen. + +## Den Code ausführen + +Alle Codeblöcke können kopiert und direkt verwendet werden (da es sich um getestete Python-Dateien handelt). + +Um eines der Beispiele auszuführen, kopieren Sie den Code in eine Datei `main.py`, und starten Sie `uvicorn` mit: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +Es wird **ausdrücklich empfohlen**, dass Sie den Code schreiben oder kopieren, ihn bearbeiten und lokal ausführen. + +Die Verwendung in Ihrem eigenen Editor zeigt Ihnen die Vorteile von FastAPI am besten, wenn Sie sehen, wie wenig Code Sie schreiben müssen, all die Typprüfungen, die automatische Vervollständigung usw. + +--- + +## FastAPI installieren + +Der erste Schritt besteht aus der Installation von FastAPI. + +Für dieses Tutorial empfiehlt es sich, FastAPI mit allen optionalen Abhängigkeiten und Funktionen zu installieren: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +... das beinhaltet auch `uvicorn`, welchen Sie als Server verwenden können, der ihren Code ausführt. + +!!! note "Hinweis" + Sie können die einzelnen Teile auch separat installieren. + + Das folgende würden Sie wahrscheinlich tun, wenn Sie Ihre Anwendung in der Produktion einsetzen: + + ``` + pip install fastapi + ``` + + Installieren Sie auch `uvicorn` als Server: + + ``` + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + ``` + + Das gleiche gilt für jede der optionalen Abhängigkeiten, die Sie verwenden möchten. + +## Handbuch für fortgeschrittene Benutzer + +Es gibt auch ein **Handbuch für fortgeschrittene Benutzer**, welches Sie später nach diesem **Tutorial – Benutzerhandbuch** lesen können. + +Das **Handbuch für fortgeschrittene Benutzer** baut auf diesem Tutorial auf, verwendet dieselben Konzepte und bringt Ihnen einige zusätzliche Funktionen bei. + +Allerdings sollten Sie zuerst das **Tutorial – Benutzerhandbuch** lesen (was Sie hier gerade tun). + +Die Dokumentation ist so konzipiert, dass Sie mit dem **Tutorial – Benutzerhandbuch** eine vollständige Anwendung erstellen können und diese dann je nach Bedarf mit einigen der zusätzlichen Ideen aus dem **Handbuch für fortgeschrittene Benutzer** vervollständigen können. diff --git a/docs/de/docs/tutorial/middleware.md b/docs/de/docs/tutorial/middleware.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7d6e6b71a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/de/docs/tutorial/middleware.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +# Middleware + +Sie können Middleware zu **FastAPI**-Anwendungen hinzufügen. + +Eine „Middleware“ ist eine Funktion, die mit jedem **Request** arbeitet, bevor er von einer bestimmten *Pfadoperation* verarbeitet wird. Und auch mit jeder **Response**, bevor sie zurückgegeben wird. + +* Sie nimmt jeden **Request** entgegen, der an Ihre Anwendung gesendet wird. +* Sie kann dann etwas mit diesem **Request** tun oder beliebigen Code ausführen. +* Dann gibt sie den **Request** zur Verarbeitung durch den Rest der Anwendung weiter (durch eine bestimmte *Pfadoperation*). +* Sie nimmt dann die **Response** entgegen, die von der Anwendung generiert wurde (durch eine bestimmte *Pfadoperation*). +* Sie kann etwas mit dieser **Response** tun oder beliebigen Code ausführen. +* Dann gibt sie die **Response** zurück. + +!!! note "Technische Details" + Wenn Sie Abhängigkeiten mit `yield` haben, wird der Exit-Code *nach* der Middleware ausgeführt. + + Wenn es Hintergrundaufgaben gab (später dokumentiert), werden sie *nach* allen Middlewares ausgeführt. + +## Erstellung einer Middleware + +Um eine Middleware zu erstellen, verwenden Sie den Dekorator `@app.middleware("http")` über einer Funktion. + +Die Middleware-Funktion erhält: + +* Den `request`. +* Eine Funktion `call_next`, die den `request` als Parameter erhält. + * Diese Funktion gibt den `request` an die entsprechende *Pfadoperation* weiter. + * Dann gibt es die von der entsprechenden *Pfadoperation* generierte `response` zurück. +* Sie können die `response` dann weiter modifizieren, bevor Sie sie zurückgeben. + +```Python hl_lines="8-9 11 14" +{!../../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "Tipp" + Beachten Sie, dass benutzerdefinierte proprietäre Header hinzugefügt werden können. Verwenden Sie dafür das Präfix 'X-'. + + Wenn Sie jedoch benutzerdefinierte Header haben, die ein Client in einem Browser sehen soll, müssen Sie sie zu Ihrer CORS-Konfigurationen ([CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)](cors.md){.internal-link target=_blank}) hinzufügen, indem Sie den Parameter `expose_headers` verwenden, der in der Starlette-CORS-Dokumentation dokumentiert ist. + +!!! note "Technische Details" + Sie könnten auch `from starlette.requests import Request` verwenden. + + **FastAPI** bietet es als Komfort für Sie, den Entwickler, an. Aber es stammt direkt von Starlette. + +### Vor und nach der `response` + +Sie können Code hinzufügen, der mit dem `request` ausgeführt wird, bevor dieser von einer beliebigen *Pfadoperation* empfangen wird. + +Und auch nachdem die `response` generiert wurde, bevor sie zurückgegeben wird. + +Sie könnten beispielsweise einen benutzerdefinierten Header `X-Process-Time` hinzufügen, der die Zeit in Sekunden enthält, die benötigt wurde, um den Request zu verarbeiten und eine Response zu generieren: + +```Python hl_lines="10 12-13" +{!../../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## Andere Middlewares + +Sie können später mehr über andere Middlewares in [Handbuch für fortgeschrittene Benutzer: Fortgeschrittene Middleware](../advanced/middleware.md){.internal-link target=_blank} lesen. + +In der nächsten Sektion erfahren Sie, wie Sie CORS mit einer Middleware behandeln können. diff --git a/docs/de/docs/tutorial/query-params.md b/docs/de/docs/tutorial/query-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1b9b56bea --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/de/docs/tutorial/query-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,226 @@ +# Query-Parameter + +Wenn Sie in ihrer Funktion Parameter deklarieren, die nicht Teil der Pfad-Parameter sind, dann werden diese automatisch als „Query“-Parameter interpretiert. + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Query-Parameter (Deutsch: Abfrage-Parameter) sind die Schlüssel-Wert-Paare, die nach dem `?` in einer URL aufgelistet sind, getrennt durch `&`-Zeichen. + +Zum Beispiel sind in der URL: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10 +``` + +... die Query-Parameter: + +* `skip`: mit dem Wert `0` +* `limit`: mit dem Wert `10` + +Da sie Teil der URL sind, sind sie „naturgemäß“ Strings. + +Aber wenn Sie sie mit Python-Typen deklarieren (im obigen Beispiel als `int`), werden sie zu diesem Typ konvertiert, und gegen diesen validiert. + +Die gleichen Prozesse, die für Pfad-Parameter stattfinden, werden auch auf Query-Parameter angewendet: + +* Editor Unterstützung (natürlich) +* „Parsen“ der Daten +* Datenvalidierung +* Automatische Dokumentation + +## Defaultwerte + +Da Query-Parameter nicht ein festgelegter Teil des Pfades sind, können sie optional sein und Defaultwerte haben. + +Im obigen Beispiel haben sie die Defaultwerte `skip=0` und `limit=10`. + +Wenn Sie also zur URL: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/ +``` + +gehen, so ist das das gleiche wie die URL: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10 +``` + +Aber wenn Sie zum Beispiel zu: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=20 +``` + +gehen, werden die Parameter-Werte Ihrer Funktion sein: + +* `skip=20`: da Sie das in der URL gesetzt haben +* `limit=10`: weil das der Defaultwert ist + +## Optionale Parameter + +Auf die gleiche Weise können Sie optionale Query-Parameter deklarieren, indem Sie deren Defaultwert auf `None` setzen: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +In diesem Fall wird der Funktionsparameter `q` optional, und standardmäßig `None` sein. + +!!! check + Beachten Sie auch, dass **FastAPI** intelligent genug ist, um zu erkennen, dass `item_id` ein Pfad-Parameter ist und `q` keiner, daher muss letzteres ein Query-Parameter sein. + +## Query-Parameter Typkonvertierung + +Sie können auch `bool`-Typen deklarieren und sie werden konvertiert: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +Wenn Sie nun zu: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=1 +``` + +oder + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=True +``` + +oder + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=true +``` + +oder + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=on +``` + +oder + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=yes +``` + +gehen, oder zu irgendeiner anderen Variante der Groß-/Kleinschreibung (Alles groß, Anfangsbuchstabe groß, usw.), dann wird Ihre Funktion den Parameter `short` mit dem `bool`-Wert `True` sehen, ansonsten mit dem Wert `False`. + +## Mehrere Pfad- und Query-Parameter + +Sie können mehrere Pfad-Parameter und Query-Parameter gleichzeitig deklarieren, **FastAPI** weiß, was welches ist. + +Und Sie müssen sie auch nicht in einer spezifischen Reihenfolge deklarieren. + +Parameter werden anhand ihres Namens erkannt: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="6 8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +## Erforderliche Query-Parameter + +Wenn Sie einen Defaultwert für Nicht-Pfad-Parameter deklarieren (Bis jetzt haben wir nur Query-Parameter gesehen), dann ist der Parameter nicht erforderlich. + +Wenn Sie keinen spezifischen Wert haben wollen, sondern der Parameter einfach optional sein soll, dann setzen Sie den Defaultwert auf `None`. + +Aber wenn Sie wollen, dass ein Query-Parameter erforderlich ist, vergeben Sie einfach keinen Defaultwert: + +```Python hl_lines="6-7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +Hier ist `needy` ein erforderlicher Query-Parameter vom Typ `str`. + +Wenn Sie in Ihrem Browser eine URL wie: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item +``` + +... öffnen, ohne den benötigten Parameter `needy`, dann erhalten Sie einen Fehler wie den folgenden: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": [ + { + "type": "missing", + "loc": [ + "query", + "needy" + ], + "msg": "Field required", + "input": null, + "url": "https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.1/v/missing" + } + ] +} +``` + +Da `needy` ein erforderlicher Parameter ist, müssen Sie ihn in der URL setzen: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item?needy=sooooneedy +``` + +... Das funktioniert: + +```JSON +{ + "item_id": "foo-item", + "needy": "sooooneedy" +} +``` + +Und natürlich können Sie einige Parameter als erforderlich, einige mit Defaultwert, und einige als vollständig optional definieren: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + +In diesem Fall gibt es drei Query-Parameter: + +* `needy`, ein erforderlicher `str`. +* `skip`, ein `int` mit einem Defaultwert `0`. +* `limit`, ein optionales `int`. + +!!! tip "Tipp" + Sie können auch `Enum`s verwenden, auf die gleiche Weise wie mit [Pfad-Parametern](path-params.md#vordefinierte-parameterwerte){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/de/mkdocs.yml b/docs/de/mkdocs.yml index 621305d20..de18856f4 100644 --- a/docs/de/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/de/mkdocs.yml @@ -1,129 +1 @@ -site_name: FastAPI -site_description: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production -site_url: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/de/ -theme: - name: material - custom_dir: overrides - palette: - - scheme: default - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb - name: Switch to light mode - - scheme: slate - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb-outline - name: Switch to dark mode - features: - - search.suggest - - search.highlight - - content.tabs.link - icon: - repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - logo: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/icon-white.svg - favicon: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png - language: de -repo_name: tiangolo/fastapi -repo_url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi -edit_uri: '' -google_analytics: -- UA-133183413-1 -- auto -plugins: -- search -- markdownextradata: - data: data -nav: -- FastAPI: index.md -- Languages: - - en: / - - az: /az/ - - de: /de/ - - es: /es/ - - fr: /fr/ - - id: /id/ - - it: /it/ - - ja: /ja/ - - ko: /ko/ - - pl: /pl/ - - pt: /pt/ - - ru: /ru/ - - sq: /sq/ - - tr: /tr/ - - uk: /uk/ - - zh: /zh/ -- features.md -markdown_extensions: -- toc: - permalink: true -- markdown.extensions.codehilite: - guess_lang: false -- mdx_include: - base_path: docs -- admonition -- codehilite -- extra -- pymdownx.superfences: - custom_fences: - - name: mermaid - class: mermaid - format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' -- pymdownx.tabbed -extra: - social: - - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/discord - link: https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf - - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter - link: https://twitter.com/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin - link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/dev - link: https://dev.to/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/medium - link: https://medium.com/@tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/solid/globe - link: https://tiangolo.com - alternate: - - link: / - name: en - English - - link: /az/ - name: az - - link: /de/ - name: de - - link: /es/ - name: es - español - - link: /fr/ - name: fr - français - - link: /id/ - name: id - - link: /it/ - name: it - italiano - - link: /ja/ - name: ja - 日本語 - - link: /ko/ - name: ko - 한국어 - - link: /pl/ - name: pl - - link: /pt/ - name: pt - português - - link: /ru/ - name: ru - русский язык - - link: /sq/ - name: sq - shqip - - link: /tr/ - name: tr - Türkçe - - link: /uk/ - name: uk - українська мова - - link: /zh/ - name: zh - 汉语 -extra_css: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/termynal.css -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/custom.css -extra_javascript: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/termynal.js -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/custom.js +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..26963c2e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md @@ -0,0 +1,240 @@ +# 🌖 📨 🗄 + +!!! warning + 👉 👍 🏧 ❔. + + 🚥 👆 ▶️ ⏮️ **FastAPI**, 👆 💪 🚫 💪 👉. + +👆 💪 📣 🌖 📨, ⏮️ 🌖 👔 📟, 🔉 🆎, 📛, ♒️. + +👈 🌖 📨 🔜 🔌 🗄 🔗, 👫 🔜 😑 🛠️ 🩺. + +✋️ 👈 🌖 📨 👆 ✔️ ⚒ 💭 👆 📨 `Response` 💖 `JSONResponse` 🔗, ⏮️ 👆 👔 📟 & 🎚. + +## 🌖 📨 ⏮️ `model` + +👆 💪 🚶‍♀️ 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨* 🔢 `responses`. + +⚫️ 📨 `dict`, 🔑 👔 📟 🔠 📨, 💖 `200`, & 💲 🎏 `dict`Ⓜ ⏮️ ℹ 🔠 👫. + +🔠 👈 📨 `dict`Ⓜ 💪 ✔️ 🔑 `model`, ⚗ Pydantic 🏷, 💖 `response_model`. + +**FastAPI** 🔜 ✊ 👈 🏷, 🏗 🚮 🎻 🔗 & 🔌 ⚫️ ☑ 🥉 🗄. + +🖼, 📣 ➕1️⃣ 📨 ⏮️ 👔 📟 `404` & Pydantic 🏷 `Message`, 👆 💪 ✍: + +```Python hl_lines="18 22" +{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note + ✔️ 🤯 👈 👆 ✔️ 📨 `JSONResponse` 🔗. + +!!! info + `model` 🔑 🚫 🍕 🗄. + + **FastAPI** 🔜 ✊ Pydantic 🏷 ⚪️➡️ 📤, 🏗 `JSON Schema`, & 🚮 ⚫️ ☑ 🥉. + + ☑ 🥉: + + * 🔑 `content`, 👈 ✔️ 💲 ➕1️⃣ 🎻 🎚 (`dict`) 👈 🔌: + * 🔑 ⏮️ 📻 🆎, ✅ `application/json`, 👈 🔌 💲 ➕1️⃣ 🎻 🎚, 👈 🔌: + * 🔑 `schema`, 👈 ✔️ 💲 🎻 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 🏷, 📥 ☑ 🥉. + * **FastAPI** 🚮 🔗 📥 🌐 🎻 🔗 ➕1️⃣ 🥉 👆 🗄 ↩️ ✅ ⚫️ 🔗. 👉 🌌, 🎏 🈸 & 👩‍💻 💪 ⚙️ 👈 🎻 🔗 🔗, 🚚 👻 📟 ⚡ 🧰, ♒️. + +🏗 📨 🗄 👉 *➡ 🛠️* 🔜: + +```JSON hl_lines="3-12" +{ + "responses": { + "404": { + "description": "Additional Response", + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Message" + } + } + } + }, + "200": { + "description": "Successful Response", + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item" + } + } + } + }, + "422": { + "description": "Validation Error", + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError" + } + } + } + } + } +} +``` + +🔗 🔗 ➕1️⃣ 🥉 🔘 🗄 🔗: + +```JSON hl_lines="4-16" +{ + "components": { + "schemas": { + "Message": { + "title": "Message", + "required": [ + "message" + ], + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "message": { + "title": "Message", + "type": "string" + } + } + }, + "Item": { + "title": "Item", + "required": [ + "id", + "value" + ], + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "id": { + "title": "Id", + "type": "string" + }, + "value": { + "title": "Value", + "type": "string" + } + } + }, + "ValidationError": { + "title": "ValidationError", + "required": [ + "loc", + "msg", + "type" + ], + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "loc": { + "title": "Location", + "type": "array", + "items": { + "type": "string" + } + }, + "msg": { + "title": "Message", + "type": "string" + }, + "type": { + "title": "Error Type", + "type": "string" + } + } + }, + "HTTPValidationError": { + "title": "HTTPValidationError", + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "detail": { + "title": "Detail", + "type": "array", + "items": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError" + } + } + } + } + } + } +} +``` + +## 🌖 🔉 🆎 👑 📨 + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 👉 🎏 `responses` 🔢 🚮 🎏 🔉 🆎 🎏 👑 📨. + +🖼, 👆 💪 🚮 🌖 📻 🆎 `image/png`, 📣 👈 👆 *➡ 🛠️* 💪 📨 🎻 🎚 (⏮️ 📻 🆎 `application/json`) ⚖️ 🇩🇴 🖼: + +```Python hl_lines="19-24 28" +{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +!!! note + 👀 👈 👆 ✔️ 📨 🖼 ⚙️ `FileResponse` 🔗. + +!!! info + 🚥 👆 ✔ 🎏 📻 🆎 🎯 👆 `responses` 🔢, FastAPI 🔜 🤔 📨 ✔️ 🎏 📻 🆎 👑 📨 🎓 (🔢 `application/json`). + + ✋️ 🚥 👆 ✔️ ✔ 🛃 📨 🎓 ⏮️ `None` 🚮 📻 🆎, FastAPI 🔜 ⚙️ `application/json` 🙆 🌖 📨 👈 ✔️ 👨‍💼 🏷. + +## 🌀 ℹ + +👆 💪 🌀 📨 ℹ ⚪️➡️ 💗 🥉, 🔌 `response_model`, `status_code`, & `responses` 🔢. + +👆 💪 📣 `response_model`, ⚙️ 🔢 👔 📟 `200` (⚖️ 🛃 1️⃣ 🚥 👆 💪), & ⤴️ 📣 🌖 ℹ 👈 🎏 📨 `responses`, 🔗 🗄 🔗. + +**FastAPI** 🔜 🚧 🌖 ℹ ⚪️➡️ `responses`, & 🌀 ⚫️ ⏮️ 🎻 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 👆 🏷. + +🖼, 👆 💪 📣 📨 ⏮️ 👔 📟 `404` 👈 ⚙️ Pydantic 🏷 & ✔️ 🛃 `description`. + +& 📨 ⏮️ 👔 📟 `200` 👈 ⚙️ 👆 `response_model`, ✋️ 🔌 🛃 `example`: + +```Python hl_lines="20-31" +{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +⚫️ 🔜 🌐 🌀 & 🔌 👆 🗄, & 🎦 🛠️ 🩺: + + + +## 🌀 🔢 📨 & 🛃 🕐 + +👆 💪 💚 ✔️ 🔁 📨 👈 ✔ 📚 *➡ 🛠️*, ✋️ 👆 💚 🌀 👫 ⏮️ 🛃 📨 💚 🔠 *➡ 🛠️*. + +📚 💼, 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🐍 ⚒ "🏗" `dict` ⏮️ `**dict_to_unpack`: + +```Python +old_dict = { + "old key": "old value", + "second old key": "second old value", +} +new_dict = {**old_dict, "new key": "new value"} +``` + +📥, `new_dict` 🔜 🔌 🌐 🔑-💲 👫 ⚪️➡️ `old_dict` ➕ 🆕 🔑-💲 👫: + +```Python +{ + "old key": "old value", + "second old key": "second old value", + "new key": "new value", +} +``` + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 👈 ⚒ 🏤-⚙️ 🔢 📨 👆 *➡ 🛠️* & 🌀 👫 ⏮️ 🌖 🛃 🕐. + +🖼: + +```Python hl_lines="13-17 26" +{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +## 🌖 ℹ 🔃 🗄 📨 + +👀 ⚫️❔ ⚫️❔ 👆 💪 🔌 📨, 👆 💪 ✅ 👉 📄 🗄 🔧: + +* 🗄 📨 🎚, ⚫️ 🔌 `Response Object`. +* 🗄 📨 🎚, 👆 💪 🔌 🕳 ⚪️➡️ 👉 🔗 🔠 📨 🔘 👆 `responses` 🔢. ✅ `description`, `headers`, `content` (🔘 👉 👈 👆 📣 🎏 🔉 🆎 & 🎻 🔗), & `links`. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..392579df6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# 🌖 👔 📟 + +🔢, **FastAPI** 🔜 📨 📨 ⚙️ `JSONResponse`, 🚮 🎚 👆 📨 ⚪️➡️ 👆 *➡ 🛠️* 🔘 👈 `JSONResponse`. + +⚫️ 🔜 ⚙️ 🔢 👔 📟 ⚖️ 1️⃣ 👆 ⚒ 👆 *➡ 🛠️*. + +## 🌖 👔 📟 + +🚥 👆 💚 📨 🌖 👔 📟 ↖️ ⚪️➡️ 👑 1️⃣, 👆 💪 👈 🛬 `Response` 🔗, 💖 `JSONResponse`, & ⚒ 🌖 👔 📟 🔗. + +🖼, ➡️ 💬 👈 👆 💚 ✔️ *➡ 🛠️* 👈 ✔ ℹ 🏬, & 📨 🇺🇸🔍 👔 📟 2️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ "👌" 🕐❔ 🏆. + +✋️ 👆 💚 ⚫️ 🚫 🆕 🏬. & 🕐❔ 🏬 🚫 🔀 ⏭, ⚫️ ✍ 👫, & 📨 🇺🇸🔍 👔 📟 2️⃣0️⃣1️⃣ "✍". + +🏆 👈, 🗄 `JSONResponse`, & 📨 👆 🎚 📤 🔗, ⚒ `status_code` 👈 👆 💚: + +```Python hl_lines="4 25" +{!../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! warning + 🕐❔ 👆 📨 `Response` 🔗, 💖 🖼 🔛, ⚫️ 🔜 📨 🔗. + + ⚫️ 🏆 🚫 🎻 ⏮️ 🏷, ♒️. + + ⚒ 💭 ⚫️ ✔️ 📊 👆 💚 ⚫️ ✔️, & 👈 💲 ☑ 🎻 (🚥 👆 ⚙️ `JSONResponse`). + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`. + + **FastAPI** 🚚 🎏 `starlette.responses` `fastapi.responses` 🏪 👆, 👩‍💻. ✋️ 🌅 💪 📨 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃. 🎏 ⏮️ `status`. + +## 🗄 & 🛠️ 🩺 + +🚥 👆 📨 🌖 👔 📟 & 📨 🔗, 👫 🏆 🚫 🔌 🗄 🔗 (🛠️ 🩺), ↩️ FastAPI 🚫 ✔️ 🌌 💭 ⏪ ⚫️❔ 👆 🚶 📨. + +✋️ 👆 💪 📄 👈 👆 📟, ⚙️: [🌖 📨](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/advanced-dependencies.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/advanced-dependencies.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fa1554734 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/advanced-dependencies.md @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +# 🏧 🔗 + +## 🔗 🔗 + +🌐 🔗 👥 ✔️ 👀 🔧 🔢 ⚖️ 🎓. + +✋️ 📤 💪 💼 🌐❔ 👆 💚 💪 ⚒ 🔢 🔛 🔗, 🍵 ✔️ 📣 📚 🎏 🔢 ⚖️ 🎓. + +➡️ 🌈 👈 👥 💚 ✔️ 🔗 👈 ✅ 🚥 🔢 🔢 `q` 🔌 🔧 🎚. + +✋️ 👥 💚 💪 🔗 👈 🔧 🎚. + +## "🇧🇲" 👐 + +🐍 📤 🌌 ⚒ 👐 🎓 "🇧🇲". + +🚫 🎓 ⚫️ (❔ ⏪ 🇧🇲), ✋️ 👐 👈 🎓. + +👈, 👥 📣 👩‍🔬 `__call__`: + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!} +``` + +👉 💼, 👉 `__call__` ⚫️❔ **FastAPI** 🔜 ⚙️ ✅ 🌖 🔢 & 🎧-🔗, & 👉 ⚫️❔ 🔜 🤙 🚶‍♀️ 💲 🔢 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* ⏪. + +## 🔗 👐 + +& 🔜, 👥 💪 ⚙️ `__init__` 📣 🔢 👐 👈 👥 💪 ⚙️ "🔗" 🔗: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!} +``` + +👉 💼, **FastAPI** 🏆 🚫 ⏱ 👆 ⚖️ 💅 🔃 `__init__`, 👥 🔜 ⚙️ ⚫️ 🔗 👆 📟. + +## ✍ 👐 + +👥 💪 ✍ 👐 👉 🎓 ⏮️: + +```Python hl_lines="16" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!} +``` + +& 👈 🌌 👥 💪 "🔗" 👆 🔗, 👈 🔜 ✔️ `"bar"` 🔘 ⚫️, 🔢 `checker.fixed_content`. + +## ⚙️ 👐 🔗 + +⤴️, 👥 💪 ⚙️ 👉 `checker` `Depends(checker)`, ↩️ `Depends(FixedContentQueryChecker)`, ↩️ 🔗 👐, `checker`, 🚫 🎓 ⚫️. + +& 🕐❔ ❎ 🔗, **FastAPI** 🔜 🤙 👉 `checker` 💖: + +```Python +checker(q="somequery") +``` + +...& 🚶‍♀️ ⚫️❔ 👈 📨 💲 🔗 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 🔢 `fixed_content_included`: + +```Python hl_lines="20" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 🌐 👉 💪 😑 🎭. & ⚫️ 💪 🚫 📶 🆑 ❔ ⚫️ ⚠. + + 👫 🖼 😫 🙅, ✋️ 🎦 ❔ ⚫️ 🌐 👷. + + 📃 🔃 💂‍♂, 📤 🚙 🔢 👈 🛠️ 👉 🎏 🌌. + + 🚥 👆 🤔 🌐 👉, 👆 ⏪ 💭 ❔ 👈 🚙 🧰 💂‍♂ 👷 🔘. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/async-sql-databases.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/async-sql-databases.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..848936de1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/async-sql-databases.md @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ +# 🔁 🗄 (🔗) 💽 + +👆 💪 ⚙️ `encode/databases` ⏮️ **FastAPI** 🔗 💽 ⚙️ `async` & `await`. + +⚫️ 🔗 ⏮️: + +* ✳ +* ✳ +* 🗄 + +👉 🖼, 👥 🔜 ⚙️ **🗄**, ↩️ ⚫️ ⚙️ 👁 📁 & 🐍 ✔️ 🛠️ 🐕‍🦺. , 👆 💪 📁 👉 🖼 & 🏃 ⚫️. + +⏪, 👆 🏭 🈸, 👆 💪 💚 ⚙️ 💽 💽 💖 **✳**. + +!!! tip + 👆 💪 🛠️ 💭 ⚪️➡️ 📄 🔃 🇸🇲 🐜 ([🗄 (🔗) 💽](../tutorial/sql-databases.md){.internal-link target=_blank}), 💖 ⚙️ 🚙 🔢 🎭 🛠️ 💽, 🔬 👆 **FastAPI** 📟. + + 👉 📄 🚫 ✔ 📚 💭, 🌓 😑 💃. + +## 🗄 & ⚒ 🆙 `SQLAlchemy` + +* 🗄 `SQLAlchemy`. +* ✍ `metadata` 🎚. +* ✍ 🏓 `notes` ⚙️ `metadata` 🎚. + +```Python hl_lines="4 14 16-22" +{!../../../docs_src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 👀 👈 🌐 👉 📟 😁 🇸🇲 🐚. + + `databases` 🚫 🔨 🕳 📥. + +## 🗄 & ⚒ 🆙 `databases` + +* 🗄 `databases`. +* ✍ `DATABASE_URL`. +* ✍ `database` 🎚. + +```Python hl_lines="3 9 12" +{!../../../docs_src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 🚥 👆 🔗 🎏 💽 (✅ ✳), 👆 🔜 💪 🔀 `DATABASE_URL`. + +## ✍ 🏓 + +👉 💼, 👥 🏗 🏓 🎏 🐍 📁, ✋️ 🏭, 👆 🔜 🎲 💚 ✍ 👫 ⏮️ ⚗, 🛠️ ⏮️ 🛠️, ♒️. + +📥, 👉 📄 🔜 🏃 🔗, ▶️️ ⏭ ▶️ 👆 **FastAPI** 🈸. + +* ✍ `engine`. +* ✍ 🌐 🏓 ⚪️➡️ `metadata` 🎚. + +```Python hl_lines="25-28" +{!../../../docs_src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## ✍ 🏷 + +✍ Pydantic 🏷: + +* 🗒 ✍ (`NoteIn`). +* 🗒 📨 (`Note`). + +```Python hl_lines="31-33 36-39" +{!../../../docs_src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +🏗 👫 Pydantic 🏷, 🔢 💽 🔜 ✔, 🎻 (🗜), & ✍ (📄). + +, 👆 🔜 💪 👀 ⚫️ 🌐 🎓 🛠️ 🩺. + +## 🔗 & 🔌 + +* ✍ 👆 `FastAPI` 🈸. +* ✍ 🎉 🐕‍🦺 🔗 & 🔌 ⚪️➡️ 💽. + +```Python hl_lines="42 45-47 50-52" +{!../../../docs_src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## ✍ 🗒 + +✍ *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* ✍ 🗒: + +```Python hl_lines="55-58" +{!../../../docs_src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! Note + 👀 👈 👥 🔗 ⏮️ 💽 ⚙️ `await`, *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 📣 ⏮️ `async`. + +### 👀 `response_model=List[Note]` + +⚫️ ⚙️ `typing.List`. + +👈 📄 (& ✔, 🎻, ⛽) 🔢 💽, `list` `Note`Ⓜ. + +## ✍ 🗒 + +✍ *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* ✍ 🗒: + +```Python hl_lines="61-65" +{!../../../docs_src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! Note + 👀 👈 👥 🔗 ⏮️ 💽 ⚙️ `await`, *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 📣 ⏮️ `async`. + +### 🔃 `{**note.dict(), "id": last_record_id}` + +`note` Pydantic `Note` 🎚. + +`note.dict()` 📨 `dict` ⏮️ 🚮 💽, 🕳 💖: + +```Python +{ + "text": "Some note", + "completed": False, +} +``` + +✋️ ⚫️ 🚫 ✔️ `id` 🏑. + +👥 ✍ 🆕 `dict`, 👈 🔌 🔑-💲 👫 ⚪️➡️ `note.dict()` ⏮️: + +```Python +{**note.dict()} +``` + +`**note.dict()` "unpacks" the key value pairs directly, so, `{**note.dict()}` would be, more or less, a copy of `note.dict()`. + +& ⤴️, 👥 ↔ 👈 📁 `dict`, ❎ ➕1️⃣ 🔑-💲 👫: `"id": last_record_id`: + +```Python +{**note.dict(), "id": last_record_id} +``` + +, 🏁 🏁 📨 🔜 🕳 💖: + +```Python +{ + "id": 1, + "text": "Some note", + "completed": False, +} +``` + +## ✅ ⚫️ + +👆 💪 📁 👉 📟, & 👀 🩺 http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +📤 👆 💪 👀 🌐 👆 🛠️ 📄 & 🔗 ⏮️ ⚫️: + + + +## 🌅 ℹ + +👆 💪 ✍ 🌅 🔃 `encode/databases` 🚮 📂 📃. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/async-tests.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/async-tests.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..df94c6ce7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/async-tests.md @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +# 🔁 💯 + +👆 ✔️ ⏪ 👀 ❔ 💯 👆 **FastAPI** 🈸 ⚙️ 🚚 `TestClient`. 🆙 🔜, 👆 ✔️ 🕴 👀 ❔ ✍ 🔁 💯, 🍵 ⚙️ `async` 🔢. + +➖ 💪 ⚙️ 🔁 🔢 👆 💯 💪 ⚠, 🖼, 🕐❔ 👆 🔬 👆 💽 🔁. 🌈 👆 💚 💯 📨 📨 👆 FastAPI 🈸 & ⤴️ ✔ 👈 👆 👩‍💻 ⏪ ✍ ☑ 💽 💽, ⏪ ⚙️ 🔁 💽 🗃. + +➡️ 👀 ❔ 👥 💪 ⚒ 👈 👷. + +## pytest.mark.anyio + +🚥 👥 💚 🤙 🔁 🔢 👆 💯, 👆 💯 🔢 ✔️ 🔁. AnyIO 🚚 👌 📁 👉, 👈 ✔ 👥 ✔ 👈 💯 🔢 🤙 🔁. + +## 🇸🇲 + +🚥 👆 **FastAPI** 🈸 ⚙️ 😐 `def` 🔢 ↩️ `async def`, ⚫️ `async` 🈸 🔘. + +`TestClient` 🔨 🎱 🔘 🤙 🔁 FastAPI 🈸 👆 😐 `def` 💯 🔢, ⚙️ 🐩 ✳. ✋️ 👈 🎱 🚫 👷 🚫🔜 🕐❔ 👥 ⚙️ ⚫️ 🔘 🔁 🔢. 🏃 👆 💯 🔁, 👥 💪 🙅‍♂ 📏 ⚙️ `TestClient` 🔘 👆 💯 🔢. + +`TestClient` ⚓️ 🔛 🇸🇲, & ↩️, 👥 💪 ⚙️ ⚫️ 🔗 💯 🛠️. + +## 🖼 + +🙅 🖼, ➡️ 🤔 📁 📊 🎏 1️⃣ 🔬 [🦏 🈸](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank} & [🔬](../tutorial/testing.md){.internal-link target=_blank}: + +``` +. +├── app +│   ├── __init__.py +│   ├── main.py +│   └── test_main.py +``` + +📁 `main.py` 🔜 ✔️: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/async_tests/main.py!} +``` + +📁 `test_main.py` 🔜 ✔️ 💯 `main.py`, ⚫️ 💪 👀 💖 👉 🔜: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/async_tests/test_main.py!} +``` + +## 🏃 ⚫️ + +👆 💪 🏃 👆 💯 🐌 📨: + +
+ +```console +$ pytest + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +## ℹ + +📑 `@pytest.mark.anyio` 💬 ✳ 👈 👉 💯 🔢 🔜 🤙 🔁: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/async_tests/test_main.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 🗒 👈 💯 🔢 🔜 `async def` ↩️ `def` ⏭ 🕐❔ ⚙️ `TestClient`. + +⤴️ 👥 💪 ✍ `AsyncClient` ⏮️ 📱, & 📨 🔁 📨 ⚫️, ⚙️ `await`. + +```Python hl_lines="9-10" +{!../../../docs_src/async_tests/test_main.py!} +``` + +👉 🌓: + +```Python +response = client.get('/') +``` + +...👈 👥 ⚙️ ⚒ 👆 📨 ⏮️ `TestClient`. + +!!! tip + 🗒 👈 👥 ⚙️ 🔁/⌛ ⏮️ 🆕 `AsyncClient` - 📨 🔁. + +## 🎏 🔁 🔢 🤙 + +🔬 🔢 🔜 🔁, 👆 💪 🔜 🤙 (& `await`) 🎏 `async` 🔢 ↖️ ⚪️➡️ 📨 📨 👆 FastAPI 🈸 👆 💯, ⚫️❔ 👆 🔜 🤙 👫 🙆 🙆 👆 📟. + +!!! tip + 🚥 👆 ⚔ `RuntimeError: Task attached to a different loop` 🕐❔ 🛠️ 🔁 🔢 🤙 👆 💯 (✅ 🕐❔ ⚙️ ✳ MotorClient) 💭 🔗 🎚 👈 💪 🎉 ➰ 🕴 🏞 🔁 🔢, ✅ `'@app.on_event("startup")` ⏲. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/behind-a-proxy.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/behind-a-proxy.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..12afe638c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/behind-a-proxy.md @@ -0,0 +1,346 @@ +# ⛅ 🗳 + +⚠, 👆 5️⃣📆 💪 ⚙️ **🗳** 💽 💖 Traefik ⚖️ 👌 ⏮️ 📳 👈 🚮 ➕ ➡ 🔡 👈 🚫 👀 👆 🈸. + +👫 💼 👆 💪 ⚙️ `root_path` 🔗 👆 🈸. + +`root_path` 🛠️ 🚚 🔫 🔧 (👈 FastAPI 🏗 🔛, 🔘 💃). + +`root_path` ⚙️ 🍵 👫 🎯 💼. + +& ⚫️ ⚙️ 🔘 🕐❔ 🗜 🎧-🈸. + +## 🗳 ⏮️ 🎞 ➡ 🔡 + +✔️ 🗳 ⏮️ 🎞 ➡ 🔡, 👉 💼, ⛓ 👈 👆 💪 📣 ➡ `/app` 👆 📟, ✋️ ⤴️, 👆 🚮 🧽 🔛 🔝 (🗳) 👈 🔜 🚮 👆 **FastAPI** 🈸 🔽 ➡ 💖 `/api/v1`. + +👉 💼, ⏮️ ➡ `/app` 🔜 🤙 🍦 `/api/v1/app`. + +✋️ 🌐 👆 📟 ✍ 🤔 📤 `/app`. + +& 🗳 🔜 **"❎"** **➡ 🔡** 🔛 ✈ ⏭ 📶 📨 Uvicorn, 🚧 👆 🈸 🤔 👈 ⚫️ 🍦 `/app`, 👈 👆 🚫 ✔️ ℹ 🌐 👆 📟 🔌 🔡 `/api/v1`. + +🆙 📥, 🌐 🔜 👷 🛎. + +✋️ ⤴️, 🕐❔ 👆 📂 🛠️ 🩺 🎚 (🕸), ⚫️ 🔜 ⌛ 🤚 🗄 🔗 `/openapi.json`, ↩️ `/api/v1/openapi.json`. + +, 🕸 (👈 🏃 🖥) 🔜 🔄 🏆 `/openapi.json` & 🚫🔜 💪 🤚 🗄 🔗. + +↩️ 👥 ✔️ 🗳 ⏮️ ➡ 🔡 `/api/v1` 👆 📱, 🕸 💪 ☕ 🗄 🔗 `/api/v1/openapi.json`. + +```mermaid +graph LR + +browser("Browser") +proxy["Proxy on http://0.0.0.0:9999/api/v1/app"] +server["Server on http://127.0.0.1:8000/app"] + +browser --> proxy +proxy --> server +``` + +!!! tip + 📢 `0.0.0.0` 🛎 ⚙️ ⛓ 👈 📋 👂 🔛 🌐 📢 💪 👈 🎰/💽. + +🩺 🎚 🔜 💪 🗄 🔗 📣 👈 👉 🛠️ `server` 🔎 `/api/v1` (⛅ 🗳). 🖼: + +```JSON hl_lines="4-8" +{ + "openapi": "3.0.2", + // More stuff here + "servers": [ + { + "url": "/api/v1" + } + ], + "paths": { + // More stuff here + } +} +``` + +👉 🖼, "🗳" 💪 🕳 💖 **Traefik**. & 💽 🔜 🕳 💖 **Uvicorn**, 🏃‍♂ 👆 FastAPI 🈸. + +### 🚚 `root_path` + +🏆 👉, 👆 💪 ⚙️ 📋 ⏸ 🎛 `--root-path` 💖: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --root-path /api/v1 + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +🚥 👆 ⚙️ Hypercorn, ⚫️ ✔️ 🎛 `--root-path`. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 🔫 🔧 🔬 `root_path` 👉 ⚙️ 💼. + + & `--root-path` 📋 ⏸ 🎛 🚚 👈 `root_path`. + +### ✅ ⏮️ `root_path` + +👆 💪 🤚 ⏮️ `root_path` ⚙️ 👆 🈸 🔠 📨, ⚫️ 🍕 `scope` 📖 (👈 🍕 🔫 🔌). + +📥 👥 ✅ ⚫️ 📧 🎦 🎯. + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/behind_a_proxy/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +⤴️, 🚥 👆 ▶️ Uvicorn ⏮️: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --root-path /api/v1 + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +📨 🔜 🕳 💖: + +```JSON +{ + "message": "Hello World", + "root_path": "/api/v1" +} +``` + +### ⚒ `root_path` FastAPI 📱 + +👐, 🚥 👆 🚫 ✔️ 🌌 🚚 📋 ⏸ 🎛 💖 `--root-path` ⚖️ 🌓, 👆 💪 ⚒ `root_path` 🔢 🕐❔ 🏗 👆 FastAPI 📱: + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/behind_a_proxy/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +🚶‍♀️ `root_path` `FastAPI` 🔜 🌓 🚶‍♀️ `--root-path` 📋 ⏸ 🎛 Uvicorn ⚖️ Hypercorn. + +### 🔃 `root_path` + +✔️ 🤯 👈 💽 (Uvicorn) 🏆 🚫 ⚙️ 👈 `root_path` 🕳 🙆 🌘 🚶‍♀️ ⚫️ 📱. + +✋️ 🚥 👆 🚶 ⏮️ 👆 🖥 http://127.0.0.1:8000/app 👆 🔜 👀 😐 📨: + +```JSON +{ + "message": "Hello World", + "root_path": "/api/v1" +} +``` + +, ⚫️ 🏆 🚫 ⌛ 🔐 `http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/app`. + +Uvicorn 🔜 ⌛ 🗳 🔐 Uvicorn `http://127.0.0.1:8000/app`, & ⤴️ ⚫️ 🔜 🗳 🎯 🚮 ➕ `/api/v1` 🔡 🔛 🔝. + +## 🔃 🗳 ⏮️ 🎞 ➡ 🔡 + +✔️ 🤯 👈 🗳 ⏮️ 🎞 ➡ 🔡 🕴 1️⃣ 🌌 🔗 ⚫️. + +🎲 📚 💼 🔢 🔜 👈 🗳 🚫 ✔️ 🏚 ➡ 🔡. + +💼 💖 👈 (🍵 🎞 ➡ 🔡), 🗳 🔜 👂 🔛 🕳 💖 `https://myawesomeapp.com`, & ⤴️ 🚥 🖥 🚶 `https://myawesomeapp.com/api/v1/app` & 👆 💽 (✅ Uvicorn) 👂 🔛 `http://127.0.0.1:8000` 🗳 (🍵 🎞 ➡ 🔡) 🔜 🔐 Uvicorn 🎏 ➡: `http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/app`. + +## 🔬 🌐 ⏮️ Traefik + +👆 💪 💪 🏃 🥼 🌐 ⏮️ 🎞 ➡ 🔡 ⚙️ Traefik. + +⏬ Traefik, ⚫️ 👁 💱, 👆 💪 ⚗ 🗜 📁 & 🏃 ⚫️ 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 📶. + +⤴️ ✍ 📁 `traefik.toml` ⏮️: + +```TOML hl_lines="3" +[entryPoints] + [entryPoints.http] + address = ":9999" + +[providers] + [providers.file] + filename = "routes.toml" +``` + +👉 💬 Traefik 👂 🔛 ⛴ 9️⃣9️⃣9️⃣9️⃣ & ⚙️ ➕1️⃣ 📁 `routes.toml`. + +!!! tip + 👥 ⚙️ ⛴ 9️⃣9️⃣9️⃣9️⃣ ↩️ 🐩 🇺🇸🔍 ⛴ 8️⃣0️⃣ 👈 👆 🚫 ✔️ 🏃 ⚫️ ⏮️ 📡 (`sudo`) 😌. + +🔜 ✍ 👈 🎏 📁 `routes.toml`: + +```TOML hl_lines="5 12 20" +[http] + [http.middlewares] + + [http.middlewares.api-stripprefix.stripPrefix] + prefixes = ["/api/v1"] + + [http.routers] + + [http.routers.app-http] + entryPoints = ["http"] + service = "app" + rule = "PathPrefix(`/api/v1`)" + middlewares = ["api-stripprefix"] + + [http.services] + + [http.services.app] + [http.services.app.loadBalancer] + [[http.services.app.loadBalancer.servers]] + url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000" +``` + +👉 📁 🔗 Traefik ⚙️ ➡ 🔡 `/api/v1`. + +& ⤴️ ⚫️ 🔜 ❎ 🚮 📨 👆 Uvicorn 🏃‍♂ 🔛 `http://127.0.0.1:8000`. + +🔜 ▶️ Traefik: + +
+ +```console +$ ./traefik --configFile=traefik.toml + +INFO[0000] Configuration loaded from file: /home/user/awesomeapi/traefik.toml +``` + +
+ +& 🔜 ▶️ 👆 📱 ⏮️ Uvicorn, ⚙️ `--root-path` 🎛: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --root-path /api/v1 + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +### ✅ 📨 + +🔜, 🚥 👆 🚶 📛 ⏮️ ⛴ Uvicorn: http://127.0.0.1:8000/app, 👆 🔜 👀 😐 📨: + +```JSON +{ + "message": "Hello World", + "root_path": "/api/v1" +} +``` + +!!! tip + 👀 👈 ✋️ 👆 🔐 ⚫️ `http://127.0.0.1:8000/app` ⚫️ 🎦 `root_path` `/api/v1`, ✊ ⚪️➡️ 🎛 `--root-path`. + +& 🔜 📂 📛 ⏮️ ⛴ Traefik, ✅ ➡ 🔡: http://127.0.0.1:9999/api/v1/app. + +👥 🤚 🎏 📨: + +```JSON +{ + "message": "Hello World", + "root_path": "/api/v1" +} +``` + +✋️ 👉 🕰 📛 ⏮️ 🔡 ➡ 🚚 🗳: `/api/v1`. + +↗️, 💭 📥 👈 👱 🔜 🔐 📱 🔘 🗳, ⏬ ⏮️ ➡ 🔡 `/app/v1` "☑" 1️⃣. + +& ⏬ 🍵 ➡ 🔡 (`http://127.0.0.1:8000/app`), 🚚 Uvicorn 🔗, 🔜 🎯 _🗳_ (Traefik) 🔐 ⚫️. + +👈 🎦 ❔ 🗳 (Traefik) ⚙️ ➡ 🔡 & ❔ 💽 (Uvicorn) ⚙️ `root_path` ⚪️➡️ 🎛 `--root-path`. + +### ✅ 🩺 🎚 + +✋️ 📥 🎊 🍕. 👶 + +"🛂" 🌌 🔐 📱 🔜 🔘 🗳 ⏮️ ➡ 🔡 👈 👥 🔬. , 👥 🔜 ⌛, 🚥 👆 🔄 🩺 🎚 🍦 Uvicorn 🔗, 🍵 ➡ 🔡 📛, ⚫️ 🏆 🚫 👷, ↩️ ⚫️ ⌛ 🔐 🔘 🗳. + +👆 💪 ✅ ⚫️ http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs: + + + +✋️ 🚥 👥 🔐 🩺 🎚 "🛂" 📛 ⚙️ 🗳 ⏮️ ⛴ `9999`, `/api/v1/docs`, ⚫️ 👷 ☑ ❗ 👶 + +👆 💪 ✅ ⚫️ http://127.0.0.1:9999/api/v1/docs: + + + +▶️️ 👥 💚 ⚫️. 👶 👶 + +👉 ↩️ FastAPI ⚙️ 👉 `root_path` ✍ 🔢 `server` 🗄 ⏮️ 📛 🚚 `root_path`. + +## 🌖 💽 + +!!! warning + 👉 🌅 🏧 ⚙️ 💼. 💭 🆓 🚶 ⚫️. + +🔢, **FastAPI** 🔜 ✍ `server` 🗄 🔗 ⏮️ 📛 `root_path`. + +✋️ 👆 💪 🚚 🎏 🎛 `servers`, 🖼 🚥 👆 💚 *🎏* 🩺 🎚 🔗 ⏮️ 🏗 & 🏭 🌐. + +🚥 👆 🚶‍♀️ 🛃 📇 `servers` & 📤 `root_path` (↩️ 👆 🛠️ 👨‍❤‍👨 ⛅ 🗳), **FastAPI** 🔜 📩 "💽" ⏮️ 👉 `root_path` ▶️ 📇. + +🖼: + +```Python hl_lines="4-7" +{!../../../docs_src/behind_a_proxy/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +🔜 🏗 🗄 🔗 💖: + +```JSON hl_lines="5-7" +{ + "openapi": "3.0.2", + // More stuff here + "servers": [ + { + "url": "/api/v1" + }, + { + "url": "https://stag.example.com", + "description": "Staging environment" + }, + { + "url": "https://prod.example.com", + "description": "Production environment" + } + ], + "paths": { + // More stuff here + } +} +``` + +!!! tip + 👀 🚘-🏗 💽 ⏮️ `url` 💲 `/api/v1`, ✊ ⚪️➡️ `root_path`. + +🩺 🎚 http://127.0.0.1:9999/api/v1/docs ⚫️ 🔜 👀 💖: + + + +!!! tip + 🩺 🎚 🔜 🔗 ⏮️ 💽 👈 👆 🖊. + +### ❎ 🏧 💽 ⚪️➡️ `root_path` + +🚥 👆 🚫 💚 **FastAPI** 🔌 🏧 💽 ⚙️ `root_path`, 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🔢 `root_path_in_servers=False`: + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/behind_a_proxy/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +& ⤴️ ⚫️ 🏆 🚫 🔌 ⚫️ 🗄 🔗. + +## 🗜 🎧-🈸 + +🚥 👆 💪 🗻 🎧-🈸 (🔬 [🎧 🈸 - 🗻](./sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}) ⏪ ⚙️ 🗳 ⏮️ `root_path`, 👆 💪 ⚫️ 🛎, 👆 🔜 ⌛. + +FastAPI 🔜 🔘 ⚙️ `root_path` 🎆, ⚫️ 🔜 👷. 👶 diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/custom-response.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/custom-response.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf76c01d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/custom-response.md @@ -0,0 +1,300 @@ +# 🛃 📨 - 🕸, 🎏, 📁, 🎏 + +🔢, **FastAPI** 🔜 📨 📨 ⚙️ `JSONResponse`. + +👆 💪 🔐 ⚫️ 🛬 `Response` 🔗 👀 [📨 📨 🔗](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +✋️ 🚥 👆 📨 `Response` 🔗, 📊 🏆 🚫 🔁 🗜, & 🧾 🏆 🚫 🔁 🏗 (🖼, 🔌 🎯 "📻 🆎", 🇺🇸🔍 🎚 `Content-Type` 🍕 🏗 🗄). + +✋️ 👆 💪 📣 `Response` 👈 👆 💚 ⚙️, *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨*. + +🎚 👈 👆 📨 ⚪️➡️ 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 🔜 🚮 🔘 👈 `Response`. + +& 🚥 👈 `Response` ✔️ 🎻 📻 🆎 (`application/json`), 💖 💼 ⏮️ `JSONResponse` & `UJSONResponse`, 💽 👆 📨 🔜 🔁 🗜 (& ⛽) ⏮️ 🙆 Pydantic `response_model` 👈 👆 📣 *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨*. + +!!! note + 🚥 👆 ⚙️ 📨 🎓 ⏮️ 🙅‍♂ 📻 🆎, FastAPI 🔜 ⌛ 👆 📨 ✔️ 🙅‍♂ 🎚, ⚫️ 🔜 🚫 📄 📨 📁 🚮 🏗 🗄 🩺. + +## ⚙️ `ORJSONResponse` + +🖼, 🚥 👆 ✊ 🎭, 👆 💪 ❎ & ⚙️ `orjson` & ⚒ 📨 `ORJSONResponse`. + +🗄 `Response` 🎓 (🎧-🎓) 👆 💚 ⚙️ & 📣 ⚫️ *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨*. + +⭕ 📨, 📨 `Response` 🔗 🌅 ⏩ 🌘 🛬 📖. + +👉 ↩️ 🔢, FastAPI 🔜 ✔ 🔠 🏬 🔘 & ⚒ 💭 ⚫️ 🎻 ⏮️ 🎻, ⚙️ 🎏 [🎻 🔗 🔢](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 🔬 🔰. 👉 ⚫️❔ ✔ 👆 📨 **❌ 🎚**, 🖼 💽 🏷. + +✋️ 🚥 👆 🎯 👈 🎚 👈 👆 🛬 **🎻 ⏮️ 🎻**, 👆 💪 🚶‍♀️ ⚫️ 🔗 📨 🎓 & ❎ ➕ 🌥 👈 FastAPI 🔜 ✔️ 🚶‍♀️ 👆 📨 🎚 🔘 `jsonable_encoder` ⏭ 🚶‍♀️ ⚫️ 📨 🎓. + +```Python hl_lines="2 7" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py!} +``` + +!!! info + 🔢 `response_class` 🔜 ⚙️ 🔬 "📻 🆎" 📨. + + 👉 💼, 🇺🇸🔍 🎚 `Content-Type` 🔜 ⚒ `application/json`. + + & ⚫️ 🔜 📄 ✅ 🗄. + +!!! tip + `ORJSONResponse` ⏳ 🕴 💪 FastAPI, 🚫 💃. + +## 🕸 📨 + +📨 📨 ⏮️ 🕸 🔗 ⚪️➡️ **FastAPI**, ⚙️ `HTMLResponse`. + +* 🗄 `HTMLResponse`. +* 🚶‍♀️ `HTMLResponse` 🔢 `response_class` 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨*. + +```Python hl_lines="2 7" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +!!! info + 🔢 `response_class` 🔜 ⚙️ 🔬 "📻 🆎" 📨. + + 👉 💼, 🇺🇸🔍 🎚 `Content-Type` 🔜 ⚒ `text/html`. + + & ⚫️ 🔜 📄 ✅ 🗄. + +### 📨 `Response` + +👀 [📨 📨 🔗](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, 👆 💪 🔐 📨 🔗 👆 *➡ 🛠️*, 🛬 ⚫️. + +🎏 🖼 ⚪️➡️ 🔛, 🛬 `HTMLResponse`, 💪 👀 💖: + +```Python hl_lines="2 7 19" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +!!! warning + `Response` 📨 🔗 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 🏆 🚫 📄 🗄 (🖼, `Content-Type` 🏆 🚫 📄) & 🏆 🚫 ⭐ 🏧 🎓 🩺. + +!!! info + ↗️, ☑ `Content-Type` 🎚, 👔 📟, ♒️, 🔜 👟 ⚪️➡️ `Response` 🎚 👆 📨. + +### 📄 🗄 & 🔐 `Response` + +🚥 👆 💚 🔐 📨 ⚪️➡️ 🔘 🔢 ✋️ 🎏 🕰 📄 "📻 🆎" 🗄, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `response_class` 🔢 & 📨 `Response` 🎚. + +`response_class` 🔜 ⤴️ ⚙️ 🕴 📄 🗄 *➡ 🛠️*, ✋️ 👆 `Response` 🔜 ⚙️. + +#### 📨 `HTMLResponse` 🔗 + +🖼, ⚫️ 💪 🕳 💖: + +```Python hl_lines="7 21 23" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +👉 🖼, 🔢 `generate_html_response()` ⏪ 🏗 & 📨 `Response` ↩️ 🛬 🕸 `str`. + +🛬 🏁 🤙 `generate_html_response()`, 👆 ⏪ 🛬 `Response` 👈 🔜 🔐 🔢 **FastAPI** 🎭. + +✋️ 👆 🚶‍♀️ `HTMLResponse` `response_class` 💁‍♂️, **FastAPI** 🔜 💭 ❔ 📄 ⚫️ 🗄 & 🎓 🩺 🕸 ⏮️ `text/html`: + + + +## 💪 📨 + +📥 💪 📨. + +✔️ 🤯 👈 👆 💪 ⚙️ `Response` 📨 🕳 🙆, ⚖️ ✍ 🛃 🎧-🎓. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse`. + + **FastAPI** 🚚 🎏 `starlette.responses` `fastapi.responses` 🏪 👆, 👩‍💻. ✋️ 🌅 💪 📨 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃. + +### `Response` + +👑 `Response` 🎓, 🌐 🎏 📨 😖 ⚪️➡️ ⚫️. + +👆 💪 📨 ⚫️ 🔗. + +⚫️ 🚫 📄 🔢: + +* `content` - `str` ⚖️ `bytes`. +* `status_code` - `int` 🇺🇸🔍 👔 📟. +* `headers` - `dict` 🎻. +* `media_type` - `str` 🤝 📻 🆎. 🤶 Ⓜ. `"text/html"`. + +FastAPI (🤙 💃) 🔜 🔁 🔌 🎚-📐 🎚. ⚫️ 🔜 🔌 🎚-🆎 🎚, ⚓️ 🔛 = & 🔁 = ✍ 🆎. + +```Python hl_lines="1 18" +{!../../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +### `HTMLResponse` + +✊ ✍ ⚖️ 🔢 & 📨 🕸 📨, 👆 ✍ 🔛. + +### `PlainTextResponse` + +✊ ✍ ⚖️ 🔢 & 📨 ✅ ✍ 📨. + +```Python hl_lines="2 7 9" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +### `JSONResponse` + +✊ 💽 & 📨 `application/json` 🗜 📨. + +👉 🔢 📨 ⚙️ **FastAPI**, 👆 ✍ 🔛. + +### `ORJSONResponse` + +⏩ 🎛 🎻 📨 ⚙️ `orjson`, 👆 ✍ 🔛. + +### `UJSONResponse` + +🎛 🎻 📨 ⚙️ `ujson`. + +!!! warning + `ujson` 🌘 💛 🌘 🐍 🏗-🛠️ ❔ ⚫️ 🍵 📐-💼. + +```Python hl_lines="2 7" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + ⚫️ 💪 👈 `ORJSONResponse` 💪 ⏩ 🎛. + +### `RedirectResponse` + +📨 🇺🇸🔍 ❎. ⚙️ 3️⃣0️⃣7️⃣ 👔 📟 (🍕 ❎) 🔢. + +👆 💪 📨 `RedirectResponse` 🔗: + +```Python hl_lines="2 9" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +--- + +⚖️ 👆 💪 ⚙️ ⚫️ `response_class` 🔢: + + +```Python hl_lines="2 7 9" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial006b.py!} +``` + +🚥 👆 👈, ⤴️ 👆 💪 📨 📛 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 👆 *➡ 🛠️* 🔢. + +👉 💼, `status_code` ⚙️ 🔜 🔢 1️⃣ `RedirectResponse`, ❔ `307`. + +--- + +👆 💪 ⚙️ `status_code` 🔢 🌀 ⏮️ `response_class` 🔢: + +```Python hl_lines="2 7 9" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial006c.py!} +``` + +### `StreamingResponse` + +✊ 🔁 🚂 ⚖️ 😐 🚂/🎻 & 🎏 📨 💪. + +```Python hl_lines="2 14" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +#### ⚙️ `StreamingResponse` ⏮️ 📁-💖 🎚 + +🚥 👆 ✔️ 📁-💖 🎚 (✅ 🎚 📨 `open()`), 👆 💪 ✍ 🚂 🔢 🔁 🤭 👈 📁-💖 🎚. + +👈 🌌, 👆 🚫 ✔️ ✍ ⚫️ 🌐 🥇 💾, & 👆 💪 🚶‍♀️ 👈 🚂 🔢 `StreamingResponse`, & 📨 ⚫️. + +👉 🔌 📚 🗃 🔗 ⏮️ ☁ 💾, 📹 🏭, & 🎏. + +```{ .python .annotate hl_lines="2 10-12 14" } +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial008.py!} +``` + +1️⃣. 👉 🚂 🔢. ⚫️ "🚂 🔢" ↩️ ⚫️ 🔌 `yield` 📄 🔘. +2️⃣. ⚙️ `with` 🍫, 👥 ⚒ 💭 👈 📁-💖 🎚 📪 ⏮️ 🚂 🔢 🔨. , ⏮️ ⚫️ 🏁 📨 📨. +3️⃣. 👉 `yield from` 💬 🔢 🔁 🤭 👈 👜 🌟 `file_like`. & ⤴️, 🔠 🍕 🔁, 🌾 👈 🍕 👟 ⚪️➡️ 👉 🚂 🔢. + + , ⚫️ 🚂 🔢 👈 📨 "🏭" 👷 🕳 🙆 🔘. + + 🔨 ⚫️ 👉 🌌, 👥 💪 🚮 ⚫️ `with` 🍫, & 👈 🌌, 🚚 👈 ⚫️ 📪 ⏮️ 🏁. + +!!! tip + 👀 👈 📥 👥 ⚙️ 🐩 `open()` 👈 🚫 🐕‍🦺 `async` & `await`, 👥 📣 ➡ 🛠️ ⏮️ 😐 `def`. + +### `FileResponse` + +🔁 🎏 📁 📨. + +✊ 🎏 ⚒ ❌ 🔗 🌘 🎏 📨 🆎: + +* `path` - 📁 📁 🎏. +* `headers` - 🙆 🛃 🎚 🔌, 📖. +* `media_type` - 🎻 🤝 📻 🆎. 🚥 🔢, 📁 ⚖️ ➡ 🔜 ⚙️ 🔑 📻 🆎. +* `filename` - 🚥 ⚒, 👉 🔜 🔌 📨 `Content-Disposition`. + +📁 📨 🔜 🔌 ☑ `Content-Length`, `Last-Modified` & `ETag` 🎚. + +```Python hl_lines="2 10" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009.py!} +``` + +👆 💪 ⚙️ `response_class` 🔢: + +```Python hl_lines="2 8 10" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009b.py!} +``` + +👉 💼, 👆 💪 📨 📁 ➡ 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 👆 *➡ 🛠️* 🔢. + +## 🛃 📨 🎓 + +👆 💪 ✍ 👆 👍 🛃 📨 🎓, 😖 ⚪️➡️ `Response` & ⚙️ ⚫️. + +🖼, ➡️ 💬 👈 👆 💚 ⚙️ `orjson`, ✋️ ⏮️ 🛃 ⚒ 🚫 ⚙️ 🔌 `ORJSONResponse` 🎓. + +➡️ 💬 👆 💚 ⚫️ 📨 🔂 & 📁 🎻, 👆 💚 ⚙️ Orjson 🎛 `orjson.OPT_INDENT_2`. + +👆 💪 ✍ `CustomORJSONResponse`. 👑 👜 👆 ✔️ ✍ `Response.render(content)` 👩‍🔬 👈 📨 🎚 `bytes`: + +```Python hl_lines="9-14 17" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009c.py!} +``` + +🔜 ↩️ 🛬: + +```json +{"message": "Hello World"} +``` + +...👉 📨 🔜 📨: + +```json +{ + "message": "Hello World" +} +``` + +↗️, 👆 🔜 🎲 🔎 🌅 👍 🌌 ✊ 📈 👉 🌘 ❕ 🎻. 👶 + +## 🔢 📨 🎓 + +🕐❔ 🏗 **FastAPI** 🎓 👐 ⚖️ `APIRouter` 👆 💪 ✔ ❔ 📨 🎓 ⚙️ 🔢. + +🔢 👈 🔬 👉 `default_response_class`. + +🖼 🔛, **FastAPI** 🔜 ⚙️ `ORJSONResponse` 🔢, 🌐 *➡ 🛠️*, ↩️ `JSONResponse`. + +```Python hl_lines="2 4" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial010.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 👆 💪 🔐 `response_class` *➡ 🛠️* ⏭. + +## 🌖 🧾 + +👆 💪 📣 📻 🆎 & 📚 🎏 ℹ 🗄 ⚙️ `responses`: [🌖 📨 🗄](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a4c287106 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +# ⚙️ 🎻 + +FastAPI 🏗 🔛 🔝 **Pydantic**, & 👤 ✔️ 🌏 👆 ❔ ⚙️ Pydantic 🏷 📣 📨 & 📨. + +✋️ FastAPI 🐕‍🦺 ⚙️ `dataclasses` 🎏 🌌: + +```Python hl_lines="1 7-12 19-20" +{!../../../docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +👉 🐕‍🦺 👏 **Pydantic**, ⚫️ ✔️ 🔗 🐕‍🦺 `dataclasses`. + +, ⏮️ 📟 🔛 👈 🚫 ⚙️ Pydantic 🎯, FastAPI ⚙️ Pydantic 🗜 📚 🐩 🎻 Pydantic 👍 🍛 🎻. + +& ↗️, ⚫️ 🐕‍🦺 🎏: + +* 💽 🔬 +* 💽 🛠️ +* 💽 🧾, ♒️. + +👉 👷 🎏 🌌 ⏮️ Pydantic 🏷. & ⚫️ 🤙 🏆 🎏 🌌 🔘, ⚙️ Pydantic. + +!!! info + ✔️ 🤯 👈 🎻 💪 🚫 🌐 Pydantic 🏷 💪. + + , 👆 5️⃣📆 💪 ⚙️ Pydantic 🏷. + + ✋️ 🚥 👆 ✔️ 📚 🎻 🤥 🤭, 👉 👌 🎱 ⚙️ 👫 🏋️ 🕸 🛠️ ⚙️ FastAPI. 👶 + +## 🎻 `response_model` + +👆 💪 ⚙️ `dataclasses` `response_model` 🔢: + +```Python hl_lines="1 7-13 19" +{!../../../docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +🎻 🔜 🔁 🗜 Pydantic 🎻. + +👉 🌌, 🚮 🔗 🔜 🎦 🆙 🛠️ 🩺 👩‍💻 🔢: + + + +## 🎻 🔁 📊 📊 + +👆 💪 🌀 `dataclasses` ⏮️ 🎏 🆎 ✍ ⚒ 🐦 📊 📊. + +💼, 👆 💪 ✔️ ⚙️ Pydantic ⏬ `dataclasses`. 🖼, 🚥 👆 ✔️ ❌ ⏮️ 🔁 🏗 🛠️ 🧾. + +👈 💼, 👆 💪 🎯 💱 🐩 `dataclasses` ⏮️ `pydantic.dataclasses`, ❔ 💧-♻: + +```{ .python .annotate hl_lines="1 5 8-11 14-17 23-25 28" } +{!../../../docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +1️⃣. 👥 🗄 `field` ⚪️➡️ 🐩 `dataclasses`. + +2️⃣. `pydantic.dataclasses` 💧-♻ `dataclasses`. + +3️⃣. `Author` 🎻 🔌 📇 `Item` 🎻. + +4️⃣. `Author` 🎻 ⚙️ `response_model` 🔢. + +5️⃣. 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🎏 🐩 🆎 ✍ ⏮️ 🎻 📨 💪. + + 👉 💼, ⚫️ 📇 `Item` 🎻. + +6️⃣. 📥 👥 🛬 📖 👈 🔌 `items` ❔ 📇 🎻. + + FastAPI 🎯 ✍ 💽 🎻. + +7️⃣. 📥 `response_model` ⚙️ 🆎 ✍ 📇 `Author` 🎻. + + 🔄, 👆 💪 🌀 `dataclasses` ⏮️ 🐩 🆎 ✍. + +8️⃣. 👀 👈 👉 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* ⚙️ 🥔 `def` ↩️ `async def`. + + 🕧, FastAPI 👆 💪 🌀 `def` & `async def` 💪. + + 🚥 👆 💪 ↗️ 🔃 🕐❔ ⚙️ ❔, ✅ 👅 📄 _"🏃 ❓" _ 🩺 🔃 `async` & `await`. + +9️⃣. 👉 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 🚫 🛬 🎻 (👐 ⚫️ 💪), ✋️ 📇 📖 ⏮️ 🔗 💽. + + FastAPI 🔜 ⚙️ `response_model` 🔢 (👈 🔌 🎻) 🗜 📨. + +👆 💪 🌀 `dataclasses` ⏮️ 🎏 🆎 ✍ 📚 🎏 🌀 📨 🏗 📊 📊. + +✅-📟 ✍ 💁‍♂ 🔛 👀 🌅 🎯 ℹ. + +## 💡 🌅 + +👆 💪 🌀 `dataclasses` ⏮️ 🎏 Pydantic 🏷, 😖 ⚪️➡️ 👫, 🔌 👫 👆 👍 🏷, ♒️. + +💡 🌅, ✅ Pydantic 🩺 🔃 🎻. + +## ⏬ + +👉 💪 ↩️ FastAPI ⏬ `0.67.0`. 👶 diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/events.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/events.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..671e81b18 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/events.md @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +# 🔆 🎉 + +👆 💪 🔬 ⚛ (📟) 👈 🔜 🛠️ ⏭ 🈸 **▶️ 🆙**. 👉 ⛓ 👈 👉 📟 🔜 🛠️ **🕐**, **⏭** 🈸 **▶️ 📨 📨**. + +🎏 🌌, 👆 💪 🔬 ⚛ (📟) 👈 🔜 🛠️ 🕐❔ 🈸 **🤫 🔽**. 👉 💼, 👉 📟 🔜 🛠️ **🕐**, **⏮️** ✔️ 🍵 🎲 **📚 📨**. + +↩️ 👉 📟 🛠️ ⏭ 🈸 **▶️** ✊ 📨, & ▶️️ ⏮️ ⚫️ **🏁** 🚚 📨, ⚫️ 📔 🎂 🈸 **🔆** (🔤 "🔆" 🔜 ⚠ 🥈 👶). + +👉 💪 📶 ⚠ ⚒ 🆙 **ℹ** 👈 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🎂 📱, & 👈 **💰** 👪 📨, &/⚖️ 👈 👆 💪 **🧹 🆙** ⏮️. 🖼, 💽 🔗 🎱, ⚖️ 🚚 🔗 🎰 🏫 🏷. + +## ⚙️ 💼 + +➡️ ▶️ ⏮️ 🖼 **⚙️ 💼** & ⤴️ 👀 ❔ ❎ ⚫️ ⏮️ 👉. + +➡️ 🌈 👈 👆 ✔️ **🎰 🏫 🏷** 👈 👆 💚 ⚙️ 🍵 📨. 👶 + +🎏 🏷 🔗 👪 📨,, ⚫️ 🚫 1️⃣ 🏷 📍 📨, ⚖️ 1️⃣ 📍 👩‍💻 ⚖️ 🕳 🎏. + +➡️ 🌈 👈 🚚 🏷 💪 **✊ 🕰**, ↩️ ⚫️ ✔️ ✍ 📚 **💽 ⚪️➡️ 💾**. 👆 🚫 💚 ⚫️ 🔠 📨. + +👆 💪 📐 ⚫️ 🔝 🎚 🕹/📁, ✋️ 👈 🔜 ⛓ 👈 ⚫️ 🔜 **📐 🏷** 🚥 👆 🏃‍♂ 🙅 🏧 💯, ⤴️ 👈 💯 🔜 **🐌** ↩️ ⚫️ 🔜 ✔️ ⌛ 🏷 📐 ⏭ 💆‍♂ 💪 🏃 🔬 🍕 📟. + +👈 ⚫️❔ 👥 🔜 ❎, ➡️ 📐 🏷 ⏭ 📨 🍵, ✋️ 🕴 ▶️️ ⏭ 🈸 ▶️ 📨 📨, 🚫 ⏪ 📟 ➖ 📐. + +## 🔆 + +👆 💪 🔬 👉 *🕴* & *🤫* ⚛ ⚙️ `lifespan` 🔢 `FastAPI` 📱, & "🔑 👨‍💼" (👤 🔜 🎦 👆 ⚫️❔ 👈 🥈). + +➡️ ▶️ ⏮️ 🖼 & ⤴️ 👀 ⚫️ ℹ. + +👥 ✍ 🔁 🔢 `lifespan()` ⏮️ `yield` 💖 👉: + +```Python hl_lines="16 19" +{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +📥 👥 ⚖ 😥 *🕴* 🛠️ 🚚 🏷 🚮 (❌) 🏷 🔢 📖 ⏮️ 🎰 🏫 🏷 ⏭ `yield`. 👉 📟 🔜 🛠️ **⏭** 🈸 **▶️ ✊ 📨**, ⏮️ *🕴*. + +& ⤴️, ▶️️ ⏮️ `yield`, 👥 🚚 🏷. 👉 📟 🔜 🛠️ **⏮️** 🈸 **🏁 🚚 📨**, ▶️️ ⏭ *🤫*. 👉 💪, 🖼, 🚀 ℹ 💖 💾 ⚖️ 💻. + +!!! tip + `shutdown` 🔜 🔨 🕐❔ 👆 **⛔️** 🈸. + + 🎲 👆 💪 ▶️ 🆕 ⏬, ⚖️ 👆 🤚 🎡 🏃 ⚫️. 🤷 + +### 🔆 🔢 + +🥇 👜 👀, 👈 👥 ⚖ 🔁 🔢 ⏮️ `yield`. 👉 📶 🎏 🔗 ⏮️ `yield`. + +```Python hl_lines="14-19" +{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +🥇 🍕 🔢, ⏭ `yield`, 🔜 🛠️ **⏭** 🈸 ▶️. + +& 🍕 ⏮️ `yield` 🔜 🛠️ **⏮️** 🈸 ✔️ 🏁. + +### 🔁 🔑 👨‍💼 + +🚥 👆 ✅, 🔢 🎀 ⏮️ `@asynccontextmanager`. + +👈 🗜 🔢 🔘 🕳 🤙 "**🔁 🔑 👨‍💼**". + +```Python hl_lines="1 13" +{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +**🔑 👨‍💼** 🐍 🕳 👈 👆 💪 ⚙️ `with` 📄, 🖼, `open()` 💪 ⚙️ 🔑 👨‍💼: + +```Python +with open("file.txt") as file: + file.read() +``` + +⏮️ ⏬ 🐍, 📤 **🔁 🔑 👨‍💼**. 👆 🔜 ⚙️ ⚫️ ⏮️ `async with`: + +```Python +async with lifespan(app): + await do_stuff() +``` + +🕐❔ 👆 ✍ 🔑 👨‍💼 ⚖️ 🔁 🔑 👨‍💼 💖 🔛, ⚫️❔ ⚫️ 🔨 👈, ⏭ 🛬 `with` 🍫, ⚫️ 🔜 🛠️ 📟 ⏭ `yield`, & ⏮️ ❎ `with` 🍫, ⚫️ 🔜 🛠️ 📟 ⏮️ `yield`. + +👆 📟 🖼 🔛, 👥 🚫 ⚙️ ⚫️ 🔗, ✋️ 👥 🚶‍♀️ ⚫️ FastAPI ⚫️ ⚙️ ⚫️. + +`lifespan` 🔢 `FastAPI` 📱 ✊ **🔁 🔑 👨‍💼**, 👥 💪 🚶‍♀️ 👆 🆕 `lifespan` 🔁 🔑 👨‍💼 ⚫️. + +```Python hl_lines="22" +{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +## 🎛 🎉 (😢) + +!!! warning + 👍 🌌 🍵 *🕴* & *🤫* ⚙️ `lifespan` 🔢 `FastAPI` 📱 🔬 🔛. + + 👆 💪 🎲 🚶 👉 🍕. + +📤 🎛 🌌 🔬 👉 ⚛ 🛠️ ⏮️ *🕴* & ⏮️ *🤫*. + +👆 💪 🔬 🎉 🐕‍🦺 (🔢) 👈 💪 🛠️ ⏭ 🈸 ▶️ 🆙, ⚖️ 🕐❔ 🈸 🤫 🔽. + +👫 🔢 💪 📣 ⏮️ `async def` ⚖️ 😐 `def`. + +### `startup` 🎉 + +🚮 🔢 👈 🔜 🏃 ⏭ 🈸 ▶️, 📣 ⚫️ ⏮️ 🎉 `"startup"`: + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +👉 💼, `startup` 🎉 🐕‍🦺 🔢 🔜 🔢 🏬 "💽" ( `dict`) ⏮️ 💲. + +👆 💪 🚮 🌅 🌘 1️⃣ 🎉 🐕‍🦺 🔢. + +& 👆 🈸 🏆 🚫 ▶️ 📨 📨 ⏭ 🌐 `startup` 🎉 🐕‍🦺 ✔️ 🏁. + +### `shutdown` 🎉 + +🚮 🔢 👈 🔜 🏃 🕐❔ 🈸 🤫 🔽, 📣 ⚫️ ⏮️ 🎉 `"shutdown"`: + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +📥, `shutdown` 🎉 🐕‍🦺 🔢 🔜 ✍ ✍ ⏸ `"Application shutdown"` 📁 `log.txt`. + +!!! info + `open()` 🔢, `mode="a"` ⛓ "🎻",, ⏸ 🔜 🚮 ⏮️ ⚫️❔ 🔛 👈 📁, 🍵 📁 ⏮️ 🎚. + +!!! tip + 👀 👈 👉 💼 👥 ⚙️ 🐩 🐍 `open()` 🔢 👈 🔗 ⏮️ 📁. + + , ⚫️ 🔌 👤/🅾 (🔢/🔢), 👈 🚚 "⌛" 👜 ✍ 💾. + + ✋️ `open()` 🚫 ⚙️ `async` & `await`. + + , 👥 📣 🎉 🐕‍🦺 🔢 ⏮️ 🐩 `def` ↩️ `async def`. + +!!! info + 👆 💪 ✍ 🌅 🔃 👫 🎉 🐕‍🦺 💃 🎉' 🩺. + +### `startup` & `shutdown` 👯‍♂️ + +📤 ↕ 🤞 👈 ⚛ 👆 *🕴* & *🤫* 🔗, 👆 💪 💚 ▶️ 🕳 & ⤴️ 🏁 ⚫️, 📎 ℹ & ⤴️ 🚀 ⚫️, ♒️. + +🔨 👈 👽 🔢 👈 🚫 💰 ⚛ ⚖️ 🔢 👯‍♂️ 🌅 ⚠ 👆 🔜 💪 🏪 💲 🌐 🔢 ⚖️ 🎏 🎱. + +↩️ 👈, ⚫️ 🔜 👍 ↩️ ⚙️ `lifespan` 🔬 🔛. + +## 📡 ℹ + +📡 ℹ 😟 🤓. 👶 + +🔘, 🔫 📡 🔧, 👉 🍕 🔆 🛠️, & ⚫️ 🔬 🎉 🤙 `startup` & `shutdown`. + +## 🎧 🈸 + +👶 ✔️ 🤯 👈 👫 🔆 🎉 (🕴 & 🤫) 🔜 🕴 🛠️ 👑 🈸, 🚫 [🎧 🈸 - 🗻](./sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/generate-clients.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/generate-clients.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..30560c8c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/generate-clients.md @@ -0,0 +1,267 @@ +# 🏗 👩‍💻 + +**FastAPI** ⚓️ 🔛 🗄 🔧, 👆 🤚 🏧 🔗 ⏮️ 📚 🧰, 🔌 🏧 🛠️ 🩺 (🚚 🦁 🎚). + +1️⃣ 🎯 📈 👈 🚫 🎯 ⭐ 👈 👆 💪 **🏗 👩‍💻** (🕣 🤙 **📱** ) 👆 🛠️, 📚 🎏 **🛠️ 🇪🇸**. + +## 🗄 👩‍💻 🚂 + +📤 📚 🧰 🏗 👩‍💻 ⚪️➡️ **🗄**. + +⚠ 🧰 🗄 🚂. + +🚥 👆 🏗 **🕸**, 📶 😌 🎛 🗄-📕-🇦🇪. + +## 🏗 📕 🕸 👩‍💻 + +➡️ ▶️ ⏮️ 🙅 FastAPI 🈸: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-11 14-15 18 19 23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7-9 12-13 16-17 21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001_py39.py!} + ``` + +👀 👈 *➡ 🛠️* 🔬 🏷 👫 ⚙️ 📨 🚀 & 📨 🚀, ⚙️ 🏷 `Item` & `ResponseMessage`. + +### 🛠️ 🩺 + +🚥 👆 🚶 🛠️ 🩺, 👆 🔜 👀 👈 ⚫️ ✔️ **🔗** 📊 📨 📨 & 📨 📨: + + + +👆 💪 👀 👈 🔗 ↩️ 👫 📣 ⏮️ 🏷 📱. + +👈 ℹ 💪 📱 **🗄 🔗**, & ⤴️ 🎦 🛠️ 🩺 (🦁 🎚). + +& 👈 🎏 ℹ ⚪️➡️ 🏷 👈 🔌 🗄 ⚫️❔ 💪 ⚙️ **🏗 👩‍💻 📟**. + +### 🏗 📕 👩‍💻 + +🔜 👈 👥 ✔️ 📱 ⏮️ 🏷, 👥 💪 🏗 👩‍💻 📟 🕸. + +#### ❎ `openapi-typescript-codegen` + +👆 💪 ❎ `openapi-typescript-codegen` 👆 🕸 📟 ⏮️: + +
+ +```console +$ npm install openapi-typescript-codegen --save-dev + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +#### 🏗 👩‍💻 📟 + +🏗 👩‍💻 📟 👆 💪 ⚙️ 📋 ⏸ 🈸 `openapi` 👈 🔜 🔜 ❎. + +↩️ ⚫️ ❎ 🇧🇿 🏗, 👆 🎲 🚫🔜 💪 🤙 👈 📋 🔗, ✋️ 👆 🔜 🚮 ⚫️ 🔛 👆 `package.json` 📁. + +⚫️ 💪 👀 💖 👉: + +```JSON hl_lines="7" +{ + "name": "frontend-app", + "version": "1.0.0", + "description": "", + "main": "index.js", + "scripts": { + "generate-client": "openapi --input http://localhost:8000/openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios" + }, + "author": "", + "license": "", + "devDependencies": { + "openapi-typescript-codegen": "^0.20.1", + "typescript": "^4.6.2" + } +} +``` + +⏮️ ✔️ 👈 ☕ `generate-client` ✍ 📤, 👆 💪 🏃 ⚫️ ⏮️: + +
+ +```console +$ npm run generate-client + +frontend-app@1.0.0 generate-client /home/user/code/frontend-app +> openapi --input http://localhost:8000/openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios +``` + +
+ +👈 📋 🔜 🏗 📟 `./src/client` & 🔜 ⚙️ `axios` (🕸 🇺🇸🔍 🗃) 🔘. + +### 🔄 👅 👩‍💻 📟 + +🔜 👆 💪 🗄 & ⚙️ 👩‍💻 📟, ⚫️ 💪 👀 💖 👉, 👀 👈 👆 🤚 ✍ 👩‍🔬: + + + +👆 🔜 🤚 ✍ 🚀 📨: + + + +!!! tip + 👀 ✍ `name` & `price`, 👈 🔬 FastAPI 🈸, `Item` 🏷. + +👆 🔜 ✔️ ⏸ ❌ 📊 👈 👆 📨: + + + +📨 🎚 🔜 ✔️ ✍: + + + +## FastAPI 📱 ⏮️ 🔖 + +📚 💼 👆 FastAPI 📱 🔜 🦏, & 👆 🔜 🎲 ⚙️ 🔖 🎏 🎏 👪 *➡ 🛠️*. + +🖼, 👆 💪 ✔️ 📄 **🏬** & ➕1️⃣ 📄 **👩‍💻**, & 👫 💪 👽 🔖: + + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="23 28 36" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="21 26 34" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +### 🏗 📕 👩‍💻 ⏮️ 🔖 + +🚥 👆 🏗 👩‍💻 FastAPI 📱 ⚙️ 🔖, ⚫️ 🔜 🛎 🎏 👩‍💻 📟 ⚓️ 🔛 🔖. + +👉 🌌 👆 🔜 💪 ✔️ 👜 ✔ & 👪 ☑ 👩‍💻 📟: + + + +👉 💼 👆 ✔️: + +* `ItemsService` +* `UsersService` + +### 👩‍💻 👩‍🔬 📛 + +▶️️ 🔜 🏗 👩‍🔬 📛 💖 `createItemItemsPost` 🚫 👀 📶 🧹: + +```TypeScript +ItemsService.createItemItemsPost({name: "Plumbus", price: 5}) +``` + +...👈 ↩️ 👩‍💻 🚂 ⚙️ 🗄 🔗 **🛠️ 🆔** 🔠 *➡ 🛠️*. + +🗄 🚚 👈 🔠 🛠️ 🆔 😍 🤭 🌐 *➡ 🛠️*, FastAPI ⚙️ **🔢 📛**, **➡**, & **🇺🇸🔍 👩‍🔬/🛠️** 🏗 👈 🛠️ 🆔, ↩️ 👈 🌌 ⚫️ 💪 ⚒ 💭 👈 🛠️ 🆔 😍. + +✋️ 👤 🔜 🎦 👆 ❔ 📉 👈 ⏭. 👶 + +## 🛃 🛠️ 🆔 & 👍 👩‍🔬 📛 + +👆 💪 **🔀** 🌌 👫 🛠️ 🆔 **🏗** ⚒ 👫 🙅 & ✔️ **🙅 👩‍🔬 📛** 👩‍💻. + +👉 💼 👆 🔜 ✔️ 🚚 👈 🔠 🛠️ 🆔 **😍** 🎏 🌌. + +🖼, 👆 💪 ⚒ 💭 👈 🔠 *➡ 🛠️* ✔️ 🔖, & ⤴️ 🏗 🛠️ 🆔 ⚓️ 🔛 **🔖** & *➡ 🛠️* **📛** (🔢 📛). + +### 🛃 🏗 😍 🆔 🔢 + +FastAPI ⚙️ **😍 🆔** 🔠 *➡ 🛠️*, ⚫️ ⚙️ **🛠️ 🆔** & 📛 🙆 💪 🛃 🏷, 📨 ⚖️ 📨. + +👆 💪 🛃 👈 🔢. ⚫️ ✊ `APIRoute` & 🔢 🎻. + +🖼, 📥 ⚫️ ⚙️ 🥇 🔖 (👆 🔜 🎲 ✔️ 🕴 1️⃣ 🔖) & *➡ 🛠️* 📛 (🔢 📛). + +👆 💪 ⤴️ 🚶‍♀️ 👈 🛃 🔢 **FastAPI** `generate_unique_id_function` 🔢: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="8-9 12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="6-7 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +### 🏗 📕 👩‍💻 ⏮️ 🛃 🛠️ 🆔 + +🔜 🚥 👆 🏗 👩‍💻 🔄, 👆 🔜 👀 👈 ⚫️ ✔️ 📉 👩‍🔬 📛: + + + +👆 👀, 👩‍🔬 📛 🔜 ✔️ 🔖 & ⤴️ 🔢 📛, 🔜 👫 🚫 🔌 ℹ ⚪️➡️ 📛 ➡ & 🇺🇸🔍 🛠️. + +### 🗜 🗄 🔧 👩‍💻 🚂 + +🏗 📟 ✔️ **❎ ℹ**. + +👥 ⏪ 💭 👈 👉 👩‍🔬 🔗 **🏬** ↩️ 👈 🔤 `ItemsService` (✊ ⚪️➡️ 🔖), ✋️ 👥 ✔️ 📛 🔡 👩‍🔬 📛 💁‍♂️. 👶 + +👥 🔜 🎲 💚 🚧 ⚫️ 🗄 🏢, 👈 🔜 🚚 👈 🛠️ 🆔 **😍**. + +✋️ 🏗 👩‍💻 👥 💪 **🔀** 🗄 🛠️ 🆔 ▶️️ ⏭ 🏭 👩‍💻, ⚒ 👈 👩‍🔬 📛 👌 & **🧹**. + +👥 💪 ⏬ 🗄 🎻 📁 `openapi.json` & ⤴️ 👥 💪 **❎ 👈 🔡 🔖** ⏮️ ✍ 💖 👉: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +⏮️ 👈, 🛠️ 🆔 🔜 📁 ⚪️➡️ 👜 💖 `items-get_items` `get_items`, 👈 🌌 👩‍💻 🚂 💪 🏗 🙅 👩‍🔬 📛. + +### 🏗 📕 👩‍💻 ⏮️ 🗜 🗄 + +🔜 🔚 🏁 📁 `openapi.json`, 👆 🔜 🔀 `package.json` ⚙️ 👈 🇧🇿 📁, 🖼: + +```JSON hl_lines="7" +{ + "name": "frontend-app", + "version": "1.0.0", + "description": "", + "main": "index.js", + "scripts": { + "generate-client": "openapi --input ./openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios" + }, + "author": "", + "license": "", + "devDependencies": { + "openapi-typescript-codegen": "^0.20.1", + "typescript": "^4.6.2" + } +} +``` + +⏮️ 🏭 🆕 👩‍💻, 👆 🔜 🔜 ✔️ **🧹 👩‍🔬 📛**, ⏮️ 🌐 **✍**, **⏸ ❌**, ♒️: + + + +## 💰 + +🕐❔ ⚙️ 🔁 🏗 👩‍💻 👆 🔜 **✍** : + +* 👩‍🔬. +* 📨 🚀 💪, 🔢 🔢, ♒️. +* 📨 🚀. + +👆 🔜 ✔️ **⏸ ❌** 🌐. + +& 🕐❔ 👆 ℹ 👩‍💻 📟, & **♻** 🕸, ⚫️ 🔜 ✔️ 🙆 🆕 *➡ 🛠️* 💪 👩‍🔬, 🗝 🕐 ❎, & 🙆 🎏 🔀 🔜 🎨 🔛 🏗 📟. 👶 + +👉 ⛓ 👈 🚥 🕳 🔀 ⚫️ 🔜 **🎨** 🔛 👩‍💻 📟 🔁. & 🚥 👆 **🏗** 👩‍💻 ⚫️ 🔜 ❌ 👅 🚥 👆 ✔️ 🙆 **🔖** 📊 ⚙️. + +, 👆 🔜 **🔍 📚 ❌** 📶 ⏪ 🛠️ 🛵 ↩️ ✔️ ⌛ ❌ 🎦 🆙 👆 🏁 👩‍💻 🏭 & ⤴️ 🔄 ℹ 🌐❔ ⚠. 👶 diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/index.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..abe8d357c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# 🏧 👩‍💻 🦮 + +## 🌖 ⚒ + +👑 [🔰 - 👩‍💻 🦮](../tutorial/){.internal-link target=_blank} 🔜 🥃 🤝 👆 🎫 🔘 🌐 👑 ⚒ **FastAPI**. + +⏭ 📄 👆 🔜 👀 🎏 🎛, 📳, & 🌖 ⚒. + +!!! tip + ⏭ 📄 **🚫 🎯 "🏧"**. + + & ⚫️ 💪 👈 👆 ⚙️ 💼, ⚗ 1️⃣ 👫. + +## ✍ 🔰 🥇 + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 🏆 ⚒ **FastAPI** ⏮️ 💡 ⚪️➡️ 👑 [🔰 - 👩‍💻 🦮](../tutorial/){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +& ⏭ 📄 🤔 👆 ⏪ ✍ ⚫️, & 🤔 👈 👆 💭 👈 👑 💭. + +## 🏎.🅾 ↗️ + +🚥 👆 🔜 💖 ✊ 🏧-🔰 ↗️ 🔗 👉 📄 🩺, 👆 💪 💚 ✅: 💯-💾 🛠️ ⏮️ FastAPI & ☁ **🏎.🅾**. + +👫 ⏳ 🩸 1️⃣0️⃣ 💯 🌐 💰 🛠️ **FastAPI**. 👶 👶 diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/middleware.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/middleware.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b3e722ed0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/middleware.md @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +# 🏧 🛠️ + +👑 🔰 👆 ✍ ❔ 🚮 [🛃 🛠️](../tutorial/middleware.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 👆 🈸. + +& ⤴️ 👆 ✍ ❔ 🍵 [⚜ ⏮️ `CORSMiddleware`](../tutorial/cors.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +👉 📄 👥 🔜 👀 ❔ ⚙️ 🎏 🛠️. + +## ❎ 🔫 🛠️ + +**FastAPI** ⚓️ 🔛 💃 & 🛠️ 🔫 🔧, 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🙆 🔫 🛠️. + +🛠️ 🚫 ✔️ ⚒ FastAPI ⚖️ 💃 👷, 📏 ⚫️ ⏩ 🔫 🔌. + +🏢, 🔫 🛠️ 🎓 👈 ⌛ 📨 🔫 📱 🥇 ❌. + +, 🧾 🥉-🥳 🔫 🛠️ 👫 🔜 🎲 💬 👆 🕳 💖: + +```Python +from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware + +app = SomeASGIApp() + +new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow") +``` + +✋️ FastAPI (🤙 💃) 🚚 🙅 🌌 ⚫️ 👈 ⚒ 💭 👈 🔗 🛠️ 🍵 💽 ❌ & 🛃 ⚠ 🐕‍🦺 👷 ☑. + +👈, 👆 ⚙️ `app.add_middleware()` (🖼 ⚜). + +```Python +from fastapi import FastAPI +from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware + +app = FastAPI() + +app.add_middleware(UnicornMiddleware, some_config="rainbow") +``` + +`app.add_middleware()` 📨 🛠️ 🎓 🥇 ❌ & 🙆 🌖 ❌ 🚶‍♀️ 🛠️. + +## 🛠️ 🛠️ + +**FastAPI** 🔌 📚 🛠️ ⚠ ⚙️ 💼, 👥 🔜 👀 ⏭ ❔ ⚙️ 👫. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + ⏭ 🖼, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette.middleware.something import SomethingMiddleware`. + + **FastAPI** 🚚 📚 🛠️ `fastapi.middleware` 🏪 👆, 👩‍💻. ✋️ 🌅 💪 🛠️ 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃. + +## `HTTPSRedirectMiddleware` + +🛠️ 👈 🌐 📨 📨 🔜 👯‍♂️ `https` ⚖️ `wss`. + +🙆 📨 📨 `http` ⚖️ `ws` 🔜 ❎ 🔐 ⚖ ↩️. + +```Python hl_lines="2 6" +{!../../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## `TrustedHostMiddleware` + +🛠️ 👈 🌐 📨 📨 ✔️ ☑ ⚒ `Host` 🎚, ✔ 💂‍♂ 🛡 🇺🇸🔍 🦠 🎚 👊. + +```Python hl_lines="2 6-8" +{!../../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +📄 ❌ 🐕‍🦺: + +* `allowed_hosts` - 📇 🆔 📛 👈 🔜 ✔ 📛. 🃏 🆔 ✅ `*.example.com` 🐕‍🦺 🎀 📁. ✔ 🙆 📛 👯‍♂️ ⚙️ `allowed_hosts=["*"]` ⚖️ 🚫 🛠️. + +🚥 📨 📨 🔨 🚫 ✔ ☑ ⤴️ `400` 📨 🔜 📨. + +## `GZipMiddleware` + +🍵 🗜 📨 🙆 📨 👈 🔌 `"gzip"` `Accept-Encoding` 🎚. + +🛠️ 🔜 🍵 👯‍♂️ 🐩 & 🎥 📨. + +```Python hl_lines="2 6" +{!../../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +📄 ❌ 🐕‍🦺: + +* `minimum_size` - 🚫 🗜 📨 👈 🤪 🌘 👉 💯 📐 🔢. 🔢 `500`. + +## 🎏 🛠️ + +📤 📚 🎏 🔫 🛠️. + +🖼: + +* 🔫 +* Uvicorn `ProxyHeadersMiddleware` +* 🇸🇲 + +👀 🎏 💪 🛠️ ✅ 💃 🛠️ 🩺 & 🔫 👌 📇. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/nosql-databases.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/nosql-databases.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9c828a909 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/nosql-databases.md @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ +# ☁ (📎 / 🦏 💽) 💽 + +**FastAPI** 💪 🛠️ ⏮️ 🙆 ☁. + +📥 👥 🔜 👀 🖼 ⚙️ **🗄**, 📄 🧢 ☁ 💽. + +👆 💪 🛠️ ⚫️ 🙆 🎏 ☁ 💽 💖: + +* **✳** +* **👸** +* **✳** +* **🇸🇲** +* **✳**, ♒️. + +!!! tip + 📤 🛂 🏗 🚂 ⏮️ **FastAPI** & **🗄**, 🌐 ⚓️ 🔛 **☁**, 🔌 🕸 & 🌖 🧰: https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-couchbase + +## 🗄 🗄 🦲 + +🔜, 🚫 💸 🙋 🎂, 🕴 🗄: + +```Python hl_lines="3-5" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## 🔬 📉 ⚙️ "📄 🆎" + +👥 🔜 ⚙️ ⚫️ ⏪ 🔧 🏑 `type` 👆 📄. + +👉 🚫 ✔ 🗄, ✋️ 👍 💡 👈 🔜 ℹ 👆 ⏮️. + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## 🚮 🔢 🤚 `Bucket` + +**🗄**, 🥡 ⚒ 📄, 👈 💪 🎏 🆎. + +👫 🛎 🌐 🔗 🎏 🈸. + +🔑 🔗 💽 🌏 🔜 "💽" (🎯 💽, 🚫 💽 💽). + +🔑 **✳** 🔜 "🗃". + +📟, `Bucket` 🎨 👑 🇨🇻 📻 ⏮️ 💽. + +👉 🚙 🔢 🔜: + +* 🔗 **🗄** 🌑 (👈 💪 👁 🎰). + * ⚒ 🔢 ⏲. +* 🔓 🌑. +* 🤚 `Bucket` 👐. + * ⚒ 🔢 ⏲. +* 📨 ⚫️. + +```Python hl_lines="12-21" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## ✍ Pydantic 🏷 + +**🗄** "📄" 🤙 "🎻 🎚", 👥 💪 🏷 👫 ⏮️ Pydantic. + +### `User` 🏷 + +🥇, ➡️ ✍ `User` 🏷: + +```Python hl_lines="24-28" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +👥 🔜 ⚙️ 👉 🏷 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*,, 👥 🚫 🔌 ⚫️ `hashed_password`. + +### `UserInDB` 🏷 + +🔜, ➡️ ✍ `UserInDB` 🏷. + +👉 🔜 ✔️ 💽 👈 🤙 🏪 💽. + +👥 🚫 ✍ ⚫️ 🏿 Pydantic `BaseModel` ✋️ 🏿 👆 👍 `User`, ↩️ ⚫️ 🔜 ✔️ 🌐 🔢 `User` ➕ 👩‍❤‍👨 🌅: + +```Python hl_lines="31-33" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note + 👀 👈 👥 ✔️ `hashed_password` & `type` 🏑 👈 🔜 🏪 💽. + + ✋️ ⚫️ 🚫 🍕 🏢 `User` 🏷 (1️⃣ 👥 🔜 📨 *➡ 🛠️*). + +## 🤚 👩‍💻 + +🔜 ✍ 🔢 👈 🔜: + +* ✊ 🆔. +* 🏗 📄 🆔 ⚪️➡️ ⚫️. +* 🤚 📄 ⏮️ 👈 🆔. +* 🚮 🎚 📄 `UserInDB` 🏷. + +🏗 🔢 👈 🕴 💡 🤚 👆 👩‍💻 ⚪️➡️ `username` (⚖️ 🙆 🎏 🔢) 🔬 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, 👆 💪 🌖 💪 🏤-⚙️ ⚫️ 💗 🍕 & 🚮 ⚒ 💯 ⚫️: + +```Python hl_lines="36-42" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### Ⓜ-🎻 + +🚥 👆 🚫 😰 ⏮️ `f"userprofile::{username}"`, ⚫️ 🐍 "Ⓜ-🎻". + +🙆 🔢 👈 🚮 🔘 `{}` Ⓜ-🎻 🔜 ↔ / 💉 🎻. + +### `dict` 🏗 + +🚥 👆 🚫 😰 ⏮️ `UserInDB(**result.value)`, ⚫️ ⚙️ `dict` "🏗". + +⚫️ 🔜 ✊ `dict` `result.value`, & ✊ 🔠 🚮 🔑 & 💲 & 🚶‍♀️ 👫 🔑-💲 `UserInDB` 🇨🇻 ❌. + +, 🚥 `dict` 🔌: + +```Python +{ + "username": "johndoe", + "hashed_password": "some_hash", +} +``` + +⚫️ 🔜 🚶‍♀️ `UserInDB` : + +```Python +UserInDB(username="johndoe", hashed_password="some_hash") +``` + +## ✍ 👆 **FastAPI** 📟 + +### ✍ `FastAPI` 📱 + +```Python hl_lines="46" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### ✍ *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* + +👆 📟 🤙 🗄 & 👥 🚫 ⚙️ 🥼 🐍 await 🐕‍🦺, 👥 🔜 📣 👆 🔢 ⏮️ 😐 `def` ↩️ `async def`. + +, 🗄 👍 🚫 ⚙️ 👁 `Bucket` 🎚 💗 "🧵Ⓜ",, 👥 💪 🤚 🥡 🔗 & 🚶‍♀️ ⚫️ 👆 🚙 🔢: + +```Python hl_lines="49-53" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## 🌃 + +👆 💪 🛠️ 🙆 🥉 🥳 ☁ 💽, ⚙️ 👫 🐩 📦. + +🎏 ✔ 🙆 🎏 🔢 🧰, ⚙️ ⚖️ 🛠️. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..630b75ed2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ +# 🗄 ⏲ + +👆 💪 ✍ 🛠️ ⏮️ *➡ 🛠️* 👈 💪 ⏲ 📨 *🔢 🛠️* ✍ 👱 🙆 (🎲 🎏 👩‍💻 👈 🔜 *⚙️* 👆 🛠️). + +🛠️ 👈 🔨 🕐❔ 👆 🛠️ 📱 🤙 *🔢 🛠️* 📛 "⏲". ↩️ 🖥 👈 🔢 👩‍💻 ✍ 📨 📨 👆 🛠️ & ⤴️ 👆 🛠️ *🤙 🔙*, 📨 📨 *🔢 🛠️* (👈 🎲 ✍ 🎏 👩‍💻). + +👉 💼, 👆 💪 💚 📄 ❔ 👈 🔢 🛠️ *🔜* 👀 💖. ⚫️❔ *➡ 🛠️* ⚫️ 🔜 ✔️, ⚫️❔ 💪 ⚫️ 🔜 ⌛, ⚫️❔ 📨 ⚫️ 🔜 📨, ♒️. + +## 📱 ⏮️ ⏲ + +➡️ 👀 🌐 👉 ⏮️ 🖼. + +🌈 👆 🛠️ 📱 👈 ✔ 🏗 🧾. + +👉 🧾 🔜 ✔️ `id`, `title` (📦), `customer`, & `total`. + +👩‍💻 👆 🛠️ (🔢 👩‍💻) 🔜 ✍ 🧾 👆 🛠️ ⏮️ 🏤 📨. + +⤴️ 👆 🛠️ 🔜 (➡️ 🌈): + +* 📨 🧾 🕴 🔢 👩‍💻. +* 📈 💸. +* 📨 📨 🔙 🛠️ 👩‍💻 (🔢 👩‍💻). + * 👉 🔜 🔨 📨 🏤 📨 (⚪️➡️ *👆 🛠️*) *🔢 🛠️* 🚚 👈 🔢 👩‍💻 (👉 "⏲"). + +## 😐 **FastAPI** 📱 + +➡️ 🥇 👀 ❔ 😐 🛠️ 📱 🔜 👀 💖 ⏭ ❎ ⏲. + +⚫️ 🔜 ✔️ *➡ 🛠️* 👈 🔜 📨 `Invoice` 💪, & 🔢 🔢 `callback_url` 👈 🔜 🔌 📛 ⏲. + +👉 🍕 📶 😐, 🌅 📟 🎲 ⏪ 😰 👆: + +```Python hl_lines="9-13 36-53" +{!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + `callback_url` 🔢 🔢 ⚙️ Pydantic 📛 🆎. + +🕴 🆕 👜 `callbacks=messages_callback_router.routes` ❌ *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨*. 👥 🔜 👀 ⚫️❔ 👈 ⏭. + +## 🔬 ⏲ + +☑ ⏲ 📟 🔜 🪀 🙇 🔛 👆 👍 🛠️ 📱. + +& ⚫️ 🔜 🎲 🪀 📚 ⚪️➡️ 1️⃣ 📱 ⏭. + +⚫️ 💪 1️⃣ ⚖️ 2️⃣ ⏸ 📟, 💖: + +```Python +callback_url = "https://example.com/api/v1/invoices/events/" +httpx.post(callback_url, json={"description": "Invoice paid", "paid": True}) +``` + +✋️ 🎲 🏆 ⚠ 🍕 ⏲ ⚒ 💭 👈 👆 🛠️ 👩‍💻 (🔢 👩‍💻) 🛠️ *🔢 🛠️* ☑, 🛄 💽 👈 *👆 🛠️* 🔜 📨 📨 💪 ⏲, ♒️. + +, ⚫️❔ 👥 🔜 ⏭ 🚮 📟 📄 ❔ 👈 *🔢 🛠️* 🔜 👀 💖 📨 ⏲ ⚪️➡️ *👆 🛠️*. + +👈 🧾 🔜 🎦 🆙 🦁 🎚 `/docs` 👆 🛠️, & ⚫️ 🔜 ➡️ 🔢 👩‍💻 💭 ❔ 🏗 *🔢 🛠️*. + +👉 🖼 🚫 🛠️ ⏲ ⚫️ (👈 💪 ⏸ 📟), 🕴 🧾 🍕. + +!!! tip + ☑ ⏲ 🇺🇸🔍 📨. + + 🕐❔ 🛠️ ⏲ 👆, 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🕳 💖 🇸🇲 ⚖️ 📨. + +## ✍ ⏲ 🧾 📟 + +👉 📟 🏆 🚫 🛠️ 👆 📱, 👥 🕴 💪 ⚫️ *📄* ❔ 👈 *🔢 🛠️* 🔜 👀 💖. + +✋️, 👆 ⏪ 💭 ❔ 💪 ✍ 🏧 🧾 🛠️ ⏮️ **FastAPI**. + +👥 🔜 ⚙️ 👈 🎏 💡 📄 ❔ *🔢 🛠️* 🔜 👀 💖... 🏗 *➡ 🛠️(Ⓜ)* 👈 🔢 🛠️ 🔜 🛠️ (🕐 👆 🛠️ 🔜 🤙). + +!!! tip + 🕐❔ ✍ 📟 📄 ⏲, ⚫️ 💪 ⚠ 🌈 👈 👆 👈 *🔢 👩‍💻*. & 👈 👆 ⏳ 🛠️ *🔢 🛠️*, 🚫 *👆 🛠️*. + + 🍕 🛠️ 👉 ☝ 🎑 ( *🔢 👩‍💻*) 💪 ℹ 👆 💭 💖 ⚫️ 🌅 ⭐ 🌐❔ 🚮 🔢, Pydantic 🏷 💪, 📨, ♒️. 👈 *🔢 🛠️*. + +### ✍ ⏲ `APIRouter` + +🥇 ✍ 🆕 `APIRouter` 👈 🔜 🔌 1️⃣ ⚖️ 🌅 ⏲. + +```Python hl_lines="3 25" +{!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### ✍ ⏲ *➡ 🛠️* + +✍ ⏲ *➡ 🛠️* ⚙️ 🎏 `APIRouter` 👆 ✍ 🔛. + +⚫️ 🔜 👀 💖 😐 FastAPI *➡ 🛠️*: + +* ⚫️ 🔜 🎲 ✔️ 📄 💪 ⚫️ 🔜 📨, ✅ `body: InvoiceEvent`. +* & ⚫️ 💪 ✔️ 📄 📨 ⚫️ 🔜 📨, ✅ `response_model=InvoiceEventReceived`. + +```Python hl_lines="16-18 21-22 28-32" +{!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +📤 2️⃣ 👑 🔺 ⚪️➡️ 😐 *➡ 🛠️*: + +* ⚫️ 🚫 💪 ✔️ 🙆 ☑ 📟, ↩️ 👆 📱 🔜 🙅 🤙 👉 📟. ⚫️ 🕴 ⚙️ 📄 *🔢 🛠️*. , 🔢 💪 ✔️ `pass`. +* *➡* 💪 🔌 🗄 3️⃣ 🧬 (👀 🌖 🔛) 🌐❔ ⚫️ 💪 ⚙️ 🔢 ⏮️ 🔢 & 🍕 ⏮️ 📨 📨 *👆 🛠️*. + +### ⏲ ➡ 🧬 + +⏲ *➡* 💪 ✔️ 🗄 3️⃣ 🧬 👈 💪 🔌 🍕 ⏮️ 📨 📨 *👆 🛠️*. + +👉 💼, ⚫️ `str`: + +```Python +"{$callback_url}/invoices/{$request.body.id}" +``` + +, 🚥 👆 🛠️ 👩‍💻 (🔢 👩‍💻) 📨 📨 *👆 🛠️* : + +``` +https://yourapi.com/invoices/?callback_url=https://www.external.org/events +``` + +⏮️ 🎻 💪: + +```JSON +{ + "id": "2expen51ve", + "customer": "Mr. Richie Rich", + "total": "9999" +} +``` + +⤴️ *👆 🛠️* 🔜 🛠️ 🧾, & ☝ ⏪, 📨 ⏲ 📨 `callback_url` ( *🔢 🛠️*): + +``` +https://www.external.org/events/invoices/2expen51ve +``` + +⏮️ 🎻 💪 ⚗ 🕳 💖: + +```JSON +{ + "description": "Payment celebration", + "paid": true +} +``` + +& ⚫️ 🔜 ⌛ 📨 ⚪️➡️ 👈 *🔢 🛠️* ⏮️ 🎻 💪 💖: + +```JSON +{ + "ok": true +} +``` + +!!! tip + 👀 ❔ ⏲ 📛 ⚙️ 🔌 📛 📨 🔢 🔢 `callback_url` (`https://www.external.org/events`) & 🧾 `id` ⚪️➡️ 🔘 🎻 💪 (`2expen51ve`). + +### 🚮 ⏲ 📻 + +👉 ☝ 👆 ✔️ *⏲ ➡ 🛠️(Ⓜ)* 💪 (1️⃣(Ⓜ) 👈 *🔢 👩‍💻* 🔜 🛠️ *🔢 🛠️*) ⏲ 📻 👆 ✍ 🔛. + +🔜 ⚙️ 🔢 `callbacks` *👆 🛠️ ➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨* 🚶‍♀️ 🔢 `.routes` (👈 🤙 `list` 🛣/*➡ 🛠️*) ⚪️➡️ 👈 ⏲ 📻: + +```Python hl_lines="35" +{!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 👀 👈 👆 🚫 🚶‍♀️ 📻 ⚫️ (`invoices_callback_router`) `callback=`, ✋️ 🔢 `.routes`, `invoices_callback_router.routes`. + +### ✅ 🩺 + +🔜 👆 💪 ▶️ 👆 📱 ⏮️ Uvicorn & 🚶 http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +👆 🔜 👀 👆 🩺 ✅ "⏲" 📄 👆 *➡ 🛠️* 👈 🎦 ❔ *🔢 🛠️* 🔜 👀 💖: + + diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec7231870 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md @@ -0,0 +1,170 @@ +# ➡ 🛠️ 🏧 📳 + +## 🗄 { + +!!! warning + 🚥 👆 🚫 "🕴" 🗄, 👆 🎲 🚫 💪 👉. + +👆 💪 ⚒ 🗄 `operationId` ⚙️ 👆 *➡ 🛠️* ⏮️ 🔢 `operation_id`. + +👆 🔜 ✔️ ⚒ 💭 👈 ⚫️ 😍 🔠 🛠️. + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### ⚙️ *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 📛 { + +🚥 👆 💚 ⚙️ 👆 🔗' 🔢 📛 `operationId`Ⓜ, 👆 💪 🔁 🤭 🌐 👫 & 🔐 🔠 *➡ 🛠️* `operation_id` ⚙️ 👫 `APIRoute.name`. + +👆 🔜 ⚫️ ⏮️ ❎ 🌐 👆 *➡ 🛠️*. + +```Python hl_lines="2 12-21 24" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 🚥 👆 ❎ 🤙 `app.openapi()`, 👆 🔜 ℹ `operationId`Ⓜ ⏭ 👈. + +!!! warning + 🚥 👆 👉, 👆 ✔️ ⚒ 💭 🔠 1️⃣ 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* ✔️ 😍 📛. + + 🚥 👫 🎏 🕹 (🐍 📁). + +## 🚫 ⚪️➡️ 🗄 + +🚫 *➡ 🛠️* ⚪️➡️ 🏗 🗄 🔗 (& ➡️, ⚪️➡️ 🏧 🧾 ⚙️), ⚙️ 🔢 `include_in_schema` & ⚒ ⚫️ `False`: + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +## 🏧 📛 ⚪️➡️ #️⃣ + +👆 💪 📉 ⏸ ⚙️ ⚪️➡️ #️⃣ *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 🗄. + +❎ `\f` (😖 "📨 🍼" 🦹) 🤕 **FastAPI** 🔁 🔢 ⚙️ 🗄 👉 ☝. + +⚫️ 🏆 🚫 🎦 🆙 🧾, ✋️ 🎏 🧰 (✅ 🐉) 🔜 💪 ⚙️ 🎂. + +```Python hl_lines="19-29" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +## 🌖 📨 + +👆 🎲 ✔️ 👀 ❔ 📣 `response_model` & `status_code` *➡ 🛠️*. + +👈 🔬 🗃 🔃 👑 📨 *➡ 🛠️*. + +👆 💪 📣 🌖 📨 ⏮️ 👫 🏷, 👔 📟, ♒️. + +📤 🎂 📃 📥 🧾 🔃 ⚫️, 👆 💪 ✍ ⚫️ [🌖 📨 🗄](./additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## 🗄 ➕ + +🕐❔ 👆 📣 *➡ 🛠️* 👆 🈸, **FastAPI** 🔁 🏗 🔗 🗃 🔃 👈 *➡ 🛠️* 🔌 🗄 🔗. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 🗄 🔧 ⚫️ 🤙 🛠️ 🎚. + +⚫️ ✔️ 🌐 ℹ 🔃 *➡ 🛠️* & ⚙️ 🏗 🏧 🧾. + +⚫️ 🔌 `tags`, `parameters`, `requestBody`, `responses`, ♒️. + +👉 *➡ 🛠️*-🎯 🗄 🔗 🛎 🏗 🔁 **FastAPI**, ✋️ 👆 💪 ↔ ⚫️. + +!!! tip + 👉 🔅 🎚 ↔ ☝. + + 🚥 👆 🕴 💪 📣 🌖 📨, 🌅 🏪 🌌 ⚫️ ⏮️ [🌖 📨 🗄](./additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +👆 💪 ↔ 🗄 🔗 *➡ 🛠️* ⚙️ 🔢 `openapi_extra`. + +### 🗄 ↔ + +👉 `openapi_extra` 💪 👍, 🖼, 📣 [🗄 ↔](https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/main/versions/3.0.3.md#specificationExtensions): + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +🚥 👆 📂 🏧 🛠️ 🩺, 👆 ↔ 🔜 🎦 🆙 🔝 🎯 *➡ 🛠️*. + + + +& 🚥 👆 👀 📉 🗄 ( `/openapi.json` 👆 🛠️), 👆 🔜 👀 👆 ↔ 🍕 🎯 *➡ 🛠️* 💁‍♂️: + +```JSON hl_lines="22" +{ + "openapi": "3.0.2", + "info": { + "title": "FastAPI", + "version": "0.1.0" + }, + "paths": { + "/items/": { + "get": { + "summary": "Read Items", + "operationId": "read_items_items__get", + "responses": { + "200": { + "description": "Successful Response", + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": {} + } + } + } + }, + "x-aperture-labs-portal": "blue" + } + } + } +} +``` + +### 🛃 🗄 *➡ 🛠️* 🔗 + +📖 `openapi_extra` 🔜 🙇 🔗 ⏮️ 🔁 🏗 🗄 🔗 *➡ 🛠️*. + +, 👆 💪 🚮 🌖 💽 🔁 🏗 🔗. + +🖼, 👆 💪 💭 ✍ & ✔ 📨 ⏮️ 👆 👍 📟, 🍵 ⚙️ 🏧 ⚒ FastAPI ⏮️ Pydantic, ✋️ 👆 💪 💚 🔬 📨 🗄 🔗. + +👆 💪 👈 ⏮️ `openapi_extra`: + +```Python hl_lines="20-37 39-40" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +👉 🖼, 👥 🚫 📣 🙆 Pydantic 🏷. 👐, 📨 💪 🚫 🎻 🎻, ⚫️ ✍ 🔗 `bytes`, & 🔢 `magic_data_reader()` 🔜 🈚 🎻 ⚫️ 🌌. + +👐, 👥 💪 📣 📈 🔗 📨 💪. + +### 🛃 🗄 🎚 🆎 + +⚙️ 👉 🎏 🎱, 👆 💪 ⚙️ Pydantic 🏷 🔬 🎻 🔗 👈 ⤴️ 🔌 🛃 🗄 🔗 📄 *➡ 🛠️*. + +& 👆 💪 👉 🚥 💽 🆎 📨 🚫 🎻. + +🖼, 👉 🈸 👥 🚫 ⚙️ FastAPI 🛠️ 🛠️ ⚗ 🎻 🔗 ⚪️➡️ Pydantic 🏷 🚫 🏧 🔬 🎻. 👐, 👥 📣 📨 🎚 🆎 📁, 🚫 🎻: + +```Python hl_lines="17-22 24" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +👐, 👐 👥 🚫 ⚙️ 🔢 🛠️ 🛠️, 👥 ⚙️ Pydantic 🏷 ❎ 🏗 🎻 🔗 💽 👈 👥 💚 📨 📁. + +⤴️ 👥 ⚙️ 📨 🔗, & ⚗ 💪 `bytes`. 👉 ⛓ 👈 FastAPI 🏆 🚫 🔄 🎻 📨 🚀 🎻. + +& ⤴️ 👆 📟, 👥 🎻 👈 📁 🎚 🔗, & ⤴️ 👥 🔄 ⚙️ 🎏 Pydantic 🏷 ✔ 📁 🎚: + +```Python hl_lines="26-33" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 📥 👥 🏤-⚙️ 🎏 Pydantic 🏷. + + ✋️ 🎏 🌌, 👥 💪 ✔️ ✔ ⚫️ 🎏 🌌. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/response-change-status-code.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/response-change-status-code.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..156efcc16 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/response-change-status-code.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# 📨 - 🔀 👔 📟 + +👆 🎲 ✍ ⏭ 👈 👆 💪 ⚒ 🔢 [📨 👔 📟](../tutorial/response-status-code.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +✋️ 💼 👆 💪 📨 🎏 👔 📟 🌘 🔢. + +## ⚙️ 💼 + +🖼, 🌈 👈 👆 💚 📨 🇺🇸🔍 👔 📟 "👌" `200` 🔢. + +✋️ 🚥 💽 🚫 🔀, 👆 💚 ✍ ⚫️, & 📨 🇺🇸🔍 👔 📟 "✍" `201`. + +✋️ 👆 💚 💪 ⛽ & 🗜 💽 👆 📨 ⏮️ `response_model`. + +📚 💼, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `Response` 🔢. + +## ⚙️ `Response` 🔢 + +👆 💪 📣 🔢 🆎 `Response` 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* (👆 💪 🍪 & 🎚). + +& ⤴️ 👆 💪 ⚒ `status_code` 👈 *🔀* 📨 🎚. + +```Python hl_lines="1 9 12" +{!../../../docs_src/response_change_status_code/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +& ⤴️ 👆 💪 📨 🙆 🎚 👆 💪, 👆 🛎 🔜 ( `dict`, 💽 🏷, ♒️). + +& 🚥 👆 📣 `response_model`, ⚫️ 🔜 ⚙️ ⛽ & 🗜 🎚 👆 📨. + +**FastAPI** 🔜 ⚙️ 👈 *🔀* 📨 ⚗ 👔 📟 (🍪 & 🎚), & 🔜 🚮 👫 🏁 📨 👈 🔌 💲 👆 📨, ⛽ 🙆 `response_model`. + +👆 💪 📣 `Response` 🔢 🔗, & ⚒ 👔 📟 👫. ✋️ ✔️ 🤯 👈 🏁 1️⃣ ⚒ 🔜 🏆. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/response-cookies.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/response-cookies.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..23fffe1dd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/response-cookies.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +# 📨 🍪 + +## ⚙️ `Response` 🔢 + +👆 💪 📣 🔢 🆎 `Response` 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*. + +& ⤴️ 👆 💪 ⚒ 🍪 👈 *🔀* 📨 🎚. + +```Python hl_lines="1 8-9" +{!../../../docs_src/response_cookies/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +& ⤴️ 👆 💪 📨 🙆 🎚 👆 💪, 👆 🛎 🔜 ( `dict`, 💽 🏷, ♒️). + +& 🚥 👆 📣 `response_model`, ⚫️ 🔜 ⚙️ ⛽ & 🗜 🎚 👆 📨. + +**FastAPI** 🔜 ⚙️ 👈 *🔀* 📨 ⚗ 🍪 (🎚 & 👔 📟), & 🔜 🚮 👫 🏁 📨 👈 🔌 💲 👆 📨, ⛽ 🙆 `response_model`. + +👆 💪 📣 `Response` 🔢 🔗, & ⚒ 🍪 (& 🎚) 👫. + +## 📨 `Response` 🔗 + +👆 💪 ✍ 🍪 🕐❔ 🛬 `Response` 🔗 👆 📟. + +👈, 👆 💪 ✍ 📨 🔬 [📨 📨 🔗](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +⤴️ ⚒ 🍪 ⚫️, & ⤴️ 📨 ⚫️: + +```Python hl_lines="10-12" +{!../../../docs_src/response_cookies/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + ✔️ 🤯 👈 🚥 👆 📨 📨 🔗 ↩️ ⚙️ `Response` 🔢, FastAPI 🔜 📨 ⚫️ 🔗. + + , 👆 🔜 ✔️ ⚒ 💭 👆 💽 ☑ 🆎. 🤶 Ⓜ. ⚫️ 🔗 ⏮️ 🎻, 🚥 👆 🛬 `JSONResponse`. + + & 👈 👆 🚫 📨 🙆 📊 👈 🔜 ✔️ ⛽ `response_model`. + +### 🌅 ℹ + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette.responses import Response` ⚖️ `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`. + + **FastAPI** 🚚 🎏 `starlette.responses` `fastapi.responses` 🏪 👆, 👩‍💻. ✋️ 🌅 💪 📨 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃. + + & `Response` 💪 ⚙️ 🛎 ⚒ 🎚 & 🍪, **FastAPI** 🚚 ⚫️ `fastapi.Response`. + +👀 🌐 💪 🔢 & 🎛, ✅ 🧾 💃. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/response-directly.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/response-directly.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba09734fb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/response-directly.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +# 📨 📨 🔗 + +🕐❔ 👆 ✍ **FastAPI** *➡ 🛠️* 👆 💪 🛎 📨 🙆 📊 ⚪️➡️ ⚫️: `dict`, `list`, Pydantic 🏷, 💽 🏷, ♒️. + +🔢, **FastAPI** 🔜 🔁 🗜 👈 📨 💲 🎻 ⚙️ `jsonable_encoder` 🔬 [🎻 🔗 🔢](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +⤴️, ⛅ 🎑, ⚫️ 🔜 🚮 👈 🎻-🔗 💽 (✅ `dict`) 🔘 `JSONResponse` 👈 🔜 ⚙️ 📨 📨 👩‍💻. + +✋️ 👆 💪 📨 `JSONResponse` 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 👆 *➡ 🛠️*. + +⚫️ 💪 ⚠, 🖼, 📨 🛃 🎚 ⚖️ 🍪. + +## 📨 `Response` + +👐, 👆 💪 📨 🙆 `Response` ⚖️ 🙆 🎧-🎓 ⚫️. + +!!! tip + `JSONResponse` ⚫️ 🎧-🎓 `Response`. + +& 🕐❔ 👆 📨 `Response`, **FastAPI** 🔜 🚶‍♀️ ⚫️ 🔗. + +⚫️ 🏆 🚫 🙆 💽 🛠️ ⏮️ Pydantic 🏷, ⚫️ 🏆 🚫 🗜 🎚 🙆 🆎, ♒️. + +👉 🤝 👆 📚 💪. 👆 💪 📨 🙆 📊 🆎, 🔐 🙆 💽 📄 ⚖️ 🔬, ♒️. + +## ⚙️ `jsonable_encoder` `Response` + +↩️ **FastAPI** 🚫 🙆 🔀 `Response` 👆 📨, 👆 ✔️ ⚒ 💭 ⚫️ 🎚 🔜 ⚫️. + +🖼, 👆 🚫🔜 🚮 Pydantic 🏷 `JSONResponse` 🍵 🥇 🏭 ⚫️ `dict` ⏮️ 🌐 📊 🆎 (💖 `datetime`, `UUID`, ♒️) 🗜 🎻-🔗 🆎. + +📚 💼, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `jsonable_encoder` 🗜 👆 📊 ⏭ 🚶‍♀️ ⚫️ 📨: + +```Python hl_lines="6-7 21-22" +{!../../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`. + + **FastAPI** 🚚 🎏 `starlette.responses` `fastapi.responses` 🏪 👆, 👩‍💻. ✋️ 🌅 💪 📨 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃. + +## 🛬 🛃 `Response` + +🖼 🔛 🎦 🌐 🍕 👆 💪, ✋️ ⚫️ 🚫 📶 ⚠, 👆 💪 ✔️ 📨 `item` 🔗, & **FastAPI** 🔜 🚮 ⚫️ `JSONResponse` 👆, 🏭 ⚫️ `dict`, ♒️. 🌐 👈 🔢. + +🔜, ➡️ 👀 ❔ 👆 💪 ⚙️ 👈 📨 🛃 📨. + +➡️ 💬 👈 👆 💚 📨 📂 📨. + +👆 💪 🚮 👆 📂 🎚 🎻, 🚮 ⚫️ `Response`, & 📨 ⚫️: + +```Python hl_lines="1 18" +{!../../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## 🗒 + +🕐❔ 👆 📨 `Response` 🔗 🚮 📊 🚫 ✔, 🗜 (🎻), 🚫 📄 🔁. + +✋️ 👆 💪 📄 ⚫️ 🔬 [🌖 📨 🗄](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +👆 💪 👀 ⏪ 📄 ❔ ⚙️/📣 👉 🛃 `Response`Ⓜ ⏪ ✔️ 🏧 💽 🛠️, 🧾, ♒️. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/response-headers.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/response-headers.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de798982a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/response-headers.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +# 📨 🎚 + +## ⚙️ `Response` 🔢 + +👆 💪 📣 🔢 🆎 `Response` 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* (👆 💪 🍪). + +& ⤴️ 👆 💪 ⚒ 🎚 👈 *🔀* 📨 🎚. + +```Python hl_lines="1 7-8" +{!../../../docs_src/response_headers/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +& ⤴️ 👆 💪 📨 🙆 🎚 👆 💪, 👆 🛎 🔜 ( `dict`, 💽 🏷, ♒️). + +& 🚥 👆 📣 `response_model`, ⚫️ 🔜 ⚙️ ⛽ & 🗜 🎚 👆 📨. + +**FastAPI** 🔜 ⚙️ 👈 *🔀* 📨 ⚗ 🎚 (🍪 & 👔 📟), & 🔜 🚮 👫 🏁 📨 👈 🔌 💲 👆 📨, ⛽ 🙆 `response_model`. + +👆 💪 📣 `Response` 🔢 🔗, & ⚒ 🎚 (& 🍪) 👫. + +## 📨 `Response` 🔗 + +👆 💪 🚮 🎚 🕐❔ 👆 📨 `Response` 🔗. + +✍ 📨 🔬 [📨 📨 🔗](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank} & 🚶‍♀️ 🎚 🌖 🔢: + +```Python hl_lines="10-12" +{!../../../docs_src/response_headers/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette.responses import Response` ⚖️ `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`. + + **FastAPI** 🚚 🎏 `starlette.responses` `fastapi.responses` 🏪 👆, 👩‍💻. ✋️ 🌅 💪 📨 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃. + + & `Response` 💪 ⚙️ 🛎 ⚒ 🎚 & 🍪, **FastAPI** 🚚 ⚫️ `fastapi.Response`. + +## 🛃 🎚 + +✔️ 🤯 👈 🛃 © 🎚 💪 🚮 ⚙️ '✖-' 🔡. + +✋️ 🚥 👆 ✔️ 🛃 🎚 👈 👆 💚 👩‍💻 🖥 💪 👀, 👆 💪 🚮 👫 👆 ⚜ 📳 (✍ 🌅 [⚜ (✖️-🇨🇳 ℹ 🤝)](../tutorial/cors.md){.internal-link target=_blank}), ⚙️ 🔢 `expose_headers` 📄 💃 ⚜ 🩺. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..33470a726 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +# 🇺🇸🔍 🔰 🔐 + +🙅 💼, 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🇺🇸🔍 🔰 🔐. + +🇺🇸🔍 🔰 🔐, 🈸 ⌛ 🎚 👈 🔌 🆔 & 🔐. + +🚥 ⚫️ 🚫 📨 ⚫️, ⚫️ 📨 🇺🇸🔍 4️⃣0️⃣1️⃣ "⛔" ❌. + +& 📨 🎚 `WWW-Authenticate` ⏮️ 💲 `Basic`, & 📦 `realm` 🔢. + +👈 💬 🖥 🎦 🛠️ 📋 🆔 & 🔐. + +⤴️, 🕐❔ 👆 🆎 👈 🆔 & 🔐, 🖥 📨 👫 🎚 🔁. + +## 🙅 🇺🇸🔍 🔰 🔐 + +* 🗄 `HTTPBasic` & `HTTPBasicCredentials`. +* ✍ "`security` ⚖" ⚙️ `HTTPBasic`. +* ⚙️ 👈 `security` ⏮️ 🔗 👆 *➡ 🛠️*. +* ⚫️ 📨 🎚 🆎 `HTTPBasicCredentials`: + * ⚫️ 🔌 `username` & `password` 📨. + +```Python hl_lines="2 6 10" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +🕐❔ 👆 🔄 📂 📛 🥇 🕰 (⚖️ 🖊 "🛠️" 🔼 🩺) 🖥 🔜 💭 👆 👆 🆔 & 🔐: + + + +## ✅ 🆔 + +📥 🌅 🏁 🖼. + +⚙️ 🔗 ✅ 🚥 🆔 & 🔐 ☑. + +👉, ⚙️ 🐍 🐩 🕹 `secrets` ✅ 🆔 & 🔐. + +`secrets.compare_digest()` 💪 ✊ `bytes` ⚖️ `str` 👈 🕴 🔌 🔠 🦹 (🕐 🇪🇸), 👉 ⛓ ⚫️ 🚫🔜 👷 ⏮️ 🦹 💖 `á`, `Sebastián`. + +🍵 👈, 👥 🥇 🗜 `username` & `password` `bytes` 🔢 👫 ⏮️ 🔠-8️⃣. + +⤴️ 👥 💪 ⚙️ `secrets.compare_digest()` 🚚 👈 `credentials.username` `"stanleyjobson"`, & 👈 `credentials.password` `"swordfish"`. + +```Python hl_lines="1 11-21" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +👉 🔜 🎏: + +```Python +if not (credentials.username == "stanleyjobson") or not (credentials.password == "swordfish"): + # Return some error + ... +``` + +✋️ ⚙️ `secrets.compare_digest()` ⚫️ 🔜 🔐 🛡 🆎 👊 🤙 "🕰 👊". + +### ⏲ 👊 + +✋️ ⚫️❔ "⏲ 👊"❓ + +➡️ 🌈 👊 🔄 💭 🆔 & 🔐. + +& 👫 📨 📨 ⏮️ 🆔 `johndoe` & 🔐 `love123`. + +⤴️ 🐍 📟 👆 🈸 🔜 🌓 🕳 💖: + +```Python +if "johndoe" == "stanleyjobson" and "love123" == "swordfish": + ... +``` + +✋️ ▶️️ 🙍 🐍 🔬 🥇 `j` `johndoe` 🥇 `s` `stanleyjobson`, ⚫️ 🔜 📨 `False`, ↩️ ⚫️ ⏪ 💭 👈 📚 2️⃣ 🎻 🚫 🎏, 💭 👈 "📤 🙅‍♂ 💪 🗑 🌅 📊 ⚖ 🎂 🔤". & 👆 🈸 🔜 💬 "❌ 👩‍💻 ⚖️ 🔐". + +✋️ ⤴️ 👊 🔄 ⏮️ 🆔 `stanleyjobsox` & 🔐 `love123`. + +& 👆 🈸 📟 🔨 🕳 💖: + +```Python +if "stanleyjobsox" == "stanleyjobson" and "love123" == "swordfish": + ... +``` + +🐍 🔜 ✔️ 🔬 🎂 `stanleyjobso` 👯‍♂️ `stanleyjobsox` & `stanleyjobson` ⏭ 🤔 👈 👯‍♂️ 🎻 🚫 🎏. ⚫️ 🔜 ✊ ➕ ⏲ 📨 🔙 "❌ 👩‍💻 ⚖️ 🔐". + +#### 🕰 ❔ ℹ 👊 + +👈 ☝, 👀 👈 💽 ✊ ⏲ 📏 📨 "❌ 👩‍💻 ⚖️ 🔐" 📨, 👊 🔜 💭 👈 👫 🤚 _🕳_ ▶️️, ▶️ 🔤 ▶️️. + +& ⤴️ 👫 💪 🔄 🔄 🤔 👈 ⚫️ 🎲 🕳 🌖 🎏 `stanleyjobsox` 🌘 `johndoe`. + +#### "🕴" 👊 + +↗️, 👊 🔜 🚫 🔄 🌐 👉 ✋, 👫 🔜 ✍ 📋 ⚫️, 🎲 ⏮️ 💯 ⚖️ 💯 💯 📍 🥈. & 🔜 🤚 1️⃣ ➕ ☑ 🔤 🕰. + +✋️ 🔨 👈, ⏲ ⚖️ 📆 👊 🔜 ✔️ 💭 ☑ 🆔 & 🔐, ⏮️ "ℹ" 👆 🈸, ⚙️ 🕰 ✊ ❔. + +#### 🔧 ⚫️ ⏮️ `secrets.compare_digest()` + +✋️ 👆 📟 👥 🤙 ⚙️ `secrets.compare_digest()`. + +📏, ⚫️ 🔜 ✊ 🎏 🕰 🔬 `stanleyjobsox` `stanleyjobson` 🌘 ⚫️ ✊ 🔬 `johndoe` `stanleyjobson`. & 🎏 🔐. + +👈 🌌, ⚙️ `secrets.compare_digest()` 👆 🈸 📟, ⚫️ 🔜 🔒 🛡 👉 🎂 ↔ 💂‍♂ 👊. + +### 📨 ❌ + +⏮️ 🔍 👈 🎓 ❌, 📨 `HTTPException` ⏮️ 👔 📟 4️⃣0️⃣1️⃣ (🎏 📨 🕐❔ 🙅‍♂ 🎓 🚚) & 🚮 🎚 `WWW-Authenticate` ⚒ 🖥 🎦 💳 📋 🔄: + +```Python hl_lines="23-27" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!} +``` diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/security/index.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/security/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f2bb66df4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/security/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 🏧 💂‍♂ + +## 🌖 ⚒ + +📤 ➕ ⚒ 🍵 💂‍♂ ↖️ ⚪️➡️ 🕐 📔 [🔰 - 👩‍💻 🦮: 💂‍♂](../../tutorial/security/){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +!!! tip + ⏭ 📄 **🚫 🎯 "🏧"**. + + & ⚫️ 💪 👈 👆 ⚙️ 💼, ⚗ 1️⃣ 👫. + +## ✍ 🔰 🥇 + +⏭ 📄 🤔 👆 ⏪ ✍ 👑 [🔰 - 👩‍💻 🦮: 💂‍♂](../../tutorial/security/){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +👫 🌐 ⚓️ 🔛 🎏 🔧, ✋️ ✔ ➕ 🛠️. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d82fe152b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md @@ -0,0 +1,269 @@ +# Oauth2️⃣ ↔ + +👆 💪 ⚙️ Oauth2️⃣ ↔ 🔗 ⏮️ **FastAPI**, 👫 🛠️ 👷 💎. + +👉 🔜 ✔ 👆 ✔️ 🌖 👌-🧽 ✔ ⚙️, 📄 Oauth2️⃣ 🐩, 🛠️ 🔘 👆 🗄 🈸 (& 🛠️ 🩺). + +Oauth2️⃣ ⏮️ ↔ 🛠️ ⚙️ 📚 🦏 🤝 🐕‍🦺, 💖 👱📔, 🇺🇸🔍, 📂, 🤸‍♂, 👱📔, ♒️. 👫 ⚙️ ⚫️ 🚚 🎯 ✔ 👩‍💻 & 🈸. + +🔠 🕰 👆 "🕹 ⏮️" 👱📔, 🇺🇸🔍, 📂, 🤸‍♂, 👱📔, 👈 🈸 ⚙️ Oauth2️⃣ ⏮️ ↔. + +👉 📄 👆 🔜 👀 ❔ 🛠️ 🤝 & ✔ ⏮️ 🎏 Oauth2️⃣ ⏮️ ↔ 👆 **FastAPI** 🈸. + +!!! warning + 👉 🌅 ⚖️ 🌘 🏧 📄. 🚥 👆 ▶️, 👆 💪 🚶 ⚫️. + + 👆 🚫 🎯 💪 Oauth2️⃣ ↔, & 👆 💪 🍵 🤝 & ✔ 👐 👆 💚. + + ✋️ Oauth2️⃣ ⏮️ ↔ 💪 🎆 🛠️ 🔘 👆 🛠️ (⏮️ 🗄) & 👆 🛠️ 🩺. + + 👐, 👆 🛠️ 📚 ↔, ⚖️ 🙆 🎏 💂‍♂/✔ 📄, 👐 👆 💪, 👆 📟. + + 📚 💼, Oauth2️⃣ ⏮️ ↔ 💪 👹. + + ✋️ 🚥 👆 💭 👆 💪 ⚫️, ⚖️ 👆 😟, 🚧 👂. + +## Oauth2️⃣ ↔ & 🗄 + +Oauth2️⃣ 🔧 🔬 "↔" 📇 🎻 🎏 🚀. + +🎚 🔠 👉 🎻 💪 ✔️ 🙆 📁, ✋️ 🔜 🚫 🔌 🚀. + +👫 ↔ 🎨 "✔". + +🗄 (✅ 🛠️ 🩺), 👆 💪 🔬 "💂‍♂ ⚖". + +🕐❔ 1️⃣ 👫 💂‍♂ ⚖ ⚙️ Oauth2️⃣, 👆 💪 📣 & ⚙️ ↔. + +🔠 "↔" 🎻 (🍵 🚀). + +👫 🛎 ⚙️ 📣 🎯 💂‍♂ ✔, 🖼: + +* `users:read` ⚖️ `users:write` ⚠ 🖼. +* `instagram_basic` ⚙️ 👱📔 / 👱📔. +* `https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive` ⚙️ 🇺🇸🔍. + +!!! info + Oauth2️⃣ "↔" 🎻 👈 📣 🎯 ✔ ✔. + + ⚫️ 🚫 🤔 🚥 ⚫️ ✔️ 🎏 🦹 💖 `:` ⚖️ 🚥 ⚫️ 📛. + + 👈 ℹ 🛠️ 🎯. + + Oauth2️⃣ 👫 🎻. + +## 🌐 🎑 + +🥇, ➡️ 🔜 👀 🍕 👈 🔀 ⚪️➡️ 🖼 👑 **🔰 - 👩‍💻 🦮** [Oauth2️⃣ ⏮️ 🔐 (& 🔁), 📨 ⏮️ 🥙 🤝](../../tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🔜 ⚙️ Oauth2️⃣ ↔: + +```Python hl_lines="2 4 8 12 46 64 105 107-115 121-124 128-134 139 155" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +🔜 ➡️ 📄 👈 🔀 🔁 🔁. + +## Oauth2️⃣ 💂‍♂ ⚖ + +🥇 🔀 👈 🔜 👥 📣 Oauth2️⃣ 💂‍♂ ⚖ ⏮️ 2️⃣ 💪 ↔, `me` & `items`. + +`scopes` 🔢 📨 `dict` ⏮️ 🔠 ↔ 🔑 & 📛 💲: + +```Python hl_lines="62-65" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +↩️ 👥 🔜 📣 📚 ↔, 👫 🔜 🎦 🆙 🛠️ 🩺 🕐❔ 👆 🕹-/✔. + +& 👆 🔜 💪 🖊 ❔ ↔ 👆 💚 🤝 🔐: `me` & `items`. + +👉 🎏 🛠️ ⚙️ 🕐❔ 👆 🤝 ✔ ⏪ 🚨 ⏮️ 👱📔, 🇺🇸🔍, 📂, ♒️: + + + +## 🥙 🤝 ⏮️ ↔ + +🔜, 🔀 🤝 *➡ 🛠️* 📨 ↔ 📨. + +👥 ⚙️ 🎏 `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm`. ⚫️ 🔌 🏠 `scopes` ⏮️ `list` `str`, ⏮️ 🔠 ↔ ⚫️ 📨 📨. + +& 👥 📨 ↔ 🍕 🥙 🤝. + +!!! danger + 🦁, 📥 👥 ❎ ↔ 📨 🔗 🤝. + + ✋️ 👆 🈸, 💂‍♂, 👆 🔜 ⚒ 💭 👆 🕴 🚮 ↔ 👈 👩‍💻 🤙 💪 ✔️, ⚖️ 🕐 👆 ✔️ 🔁. + +```Python hl_lines="155" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +## 📣 ↔ *➡ 🛠️* & 🔗 + +🔜 👥 📣 👈 *➡ 🛠️* `/users/me/items/` 🚚 ↔ `items`. + +👉, 👥 🗄 & ⚙️ `Security` ⚪️➡️ `fastapi`. + +👆 💪 ⚙️ `Security` 📣 🔗 (💖 `Depends`), ✋️ `Security` 📨 🔢 `scopes` ⏮️ 📇 ↔ (🎻). + +👉 💼, 👥 🚶‍♀️ 🔗 🔢 `get_current_active_user` `Security` (🎏 🌌 👥 🔜 ⏮️ `Depends`). + +✋️ 👥 🚶‍♀️ `list` ↔, 👉 💼 ⏮️ 1️⃣ ↔: `items` (⚫️ 💪 ✔️ 🌅). + +& 🔗 🔢 `get_current_active_user` 💪 📣 🎧-🔗, 🚫 🕴 ⏮️ `Depends` ✋️ ⏮️ `Security`. 📣 🚮 👍 🎧-🔗 🔢 (`get_current_user`), & 🌖 ↔ 📄. + +👉 💼, ⚫️ 🚚 ↔ `me` (⚫️ 💪 🚚 🌅 🌘 1️⃣ ↔). + +!!! note + 👆 🚫 🎯 💪 🚮 🎏 ↔ 🎏 🥉. + + 👥 🔨 ⚫️ 📥 🎦 ❔ **FastAPI** 🍵 ↔ 📣 🎏 🎚. + +```Python hl_lines="4 139 168" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +!!! info "📡 ℹ" + `Security` 🤙 🏿 `Depends`, & ⚫️ ✔️ 1️⃣ ➕ 🔢 👈 👥 🔜 👀 ⏪. + + ✋️ ⚙️ `Security` ↩️ `Depends`, **FastAPI** 🔜 💭 👈 ⚫️ 💪 📣 💂‍♂ ↔, ⚙️ 👫 🔘, & 📄 🛠️ ⏮️ 🗄. + + ✋️ 🕐❔ 👆 🗄 `Query`, `Path`, `Depends`, `Security` & 🎏 ⚪️➡️ `fastapi`, 👈 🤙 🔢 👈 📨 🎁 🎓. + +## ⚙️ `SecurityScopes` + +🔜 ℹ 🔗 `get_current_user`. + +👉 1️⃣ ⚙️ 🔗 🔛. + +📥 👥 ⚙️ 🎏 Oauth2️⃣ ⚖ 👥 ✍ ⏭, 📣 ⚫️ 🔗: `oauth2_scheme`. + +↩️ 👉 🔗 🔢 🚫 ✔️ 🙆 ↔ 📄 ⚫️, 👥 💪 ⚙️ `Depends` ⏮️ `oauth2_scheme`, 👥 🚫 ✔️ ⚙️ `Security` 🕐❔ 👥 🚫 💪 ✔ 💂‍♂ ↔. + +👥 📣 🎁 🔢 🆎 `SecurityScopes`, 🗄 ⚪️➡️ `fastapi.security`. + +👉 `SecurityScopes` 🎓 🎏 `Request` (`Request` ⚙️ 🤚 📨 🎚 🔗). + +```Python hl_lines="8 105" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +## ⚙️ `scopes` + +🔢 `security_scopes` 🔜 🆎 `SecurityScopes`. + +⚫️ 🔜 ✔️ 🏠 `scopes` ⏮️ 📇 ⚗ 🌐 ↔ ✔ ⚫️ & 🌐 🔗 👈 ⚙️ 👉 🎧-🔗. 👈 ⛓, 🌐 "⚓️"... 👉 💪 🔊 😨, ⚫️ 🔬 🔄 ⏪ 🔛. + +`security_scopes` 🎚 (🎓 `SecurityScopes`) 🚚 `scope_str` 🔢 ⏮️ 👁 🎻, 🔌 👈 ↔ 👽 🚀 (👥 🔜 ⚙️ ⚫️). + +👥 ✍ `HTTPException` 👈 👥 💪 🏤-⚙️ (`raise`) ⏪ 📚 ☝. + +👉 ⚠, 👥 🔌 ↔ 🚚 (🚥 🙆) 🎻 👽 🚀 (⚙️ `scope_str`). 👥 🚮 👈 🎻 ⚗ ↔ `WWW-Authenticate` 🎚 (👉 🍕 🔌). + +```Python hl_lines="105 107-115" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +## ✔ `username` & 💽 💠 + +👥 ✔ 👈 👥 🤚 `username`, & ⚗ ↔. + +& ⤴️ 👥 ✔ 👈 📊 ⏮️ Pydantic 🏷 (✊ `ValidationError` ⚠), & 🚥 👥 🤚 ❌ 👂 🥙 🤝 ⚖️ ⚖ 📊 ⏮️ Pydantic, 👥 🤚 `HTTPException` 👥 ✍ ⏭. + +👈, 👥 ℹ Pydantic 🏷 `TokenData` ⏮️ 🆕 🏠 `scopes`. + +⚖ 📊 ⏮️ Pydantic 👥 💪 ⚒ 💭 👈 👥 ✔️, 🖼, ⚫️❔ `list` `str` ⏮️ ↔ & `str` ⏮️ `username`. + +↩️, 🖼, `dict`, ⚖️ 🕳 🙆, ⚫️ 💪 💔 🈸 ☝ ⏪, ⚒ ⚫️ 💂‍♂ ⚠. + +👥 ✔ 👈 👥 ✔️ 👩‍💻 ⏮️ 👈 🆔, & 🚥 🚫, 👥 🤚 👈 🎏 ⚠ 👥 ✍ ⏭. + +```Python hl_lines="46 116-127" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +## ✔ `scopes` + +👥 🔜 ✔ 👈 🌐 ↔ ✔, 👉 🔗 & 🌐 ⚓️ (🔌 *➡ 🛠️*), 🔌 ↔ 🚚 🤝 📨, ⏪ 🤚 `HTTPException`. + +👉, 👥 ⚙️ `security_scopes.scopes`, 👈 🔌 `list` ⏮️ 🌐 👫 ↔ `str`. + +```Python hl_lines="128-134" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +## 🔗 🌲 & ↔ + +➡️ 📄 🔄 👉 🔗 🌲 & ↔. + +`get_current_active_user` 🔗 ✔️ 🎧-🔗 🔛 `get_current_user`, ↔ `"me"` 📣 `get_current_active_user` 🔜 🔌 📇 ✔ ↔ `security_scopes.scopes` 🚶‍♀️ `get_current_user`. + +*➡ 🛠️* ⚫️ 📣 ↔, `"items"`, 👉 🔜 📇 `security_scopes.scopes` 🚶‍♀️ `get_current_user`. + +📥 ❔ 🔗 🔗 & ↔ 👀 💖: + +* *➡ 🛠️* `read_own_items` ✔️: + * ✔ ↔ `["items"]` ⏮️ 🔗: + * `get_current_active_user`: + * 🔗 🔢 `get_current_active_user` ✔️: + * ✔ ↔ `["me"]` ⏮️ 🔗: + * `get_current_user`: + * 🔗 🔢 `get_current_user` ✔️: + * 🙅‍♂ ↔ ✔ ⚫️. + * 🔗 ⚙️ `oauth2_scheme`. + * `security_scopes` 🔢 🆎 `SecurityScopes`: + * 👉 `security_scopes` 🔢 ✔️ 🏠 `scopes` ⏮️ `list` ⚗ 🌐 👫 ↔ 📣 🔛,: + * `security_scopes.scopes` 🔜 🔌 `["me", "items"]` *➡ 🛠️* `read_own_items`. + * `security_scopes.scopes` 🔜 🔌 `["me"]` *➡ 🛠️* `read_users_me`, ↩️ ⚫️ 📣 🔗 `get_current_active_user`. + * `security_scopes.scopes` 🔜 🔌 `[]` (🕳) *➡ 🛠️* `read_system_status`, ↩️ ⚫️ 🚫 📣 🙆 `Security` ⏮️ `scopes`, & 🚮 🔗, `get_current_user`, 🚫 📣 🙆 `scope` 👯‍♂️. + +!!! tip + ⚠ & "🎱" 👜 📥 👈 `get_current_user` 🔜 ✔️ 🎏 📇 `scopes` ✅ 🔠 *➡ 🛠️*. + + 🌐 ⚓️ 🔛 `scopes` 📣 🔠 *➡ 🛠️* & 🔠 🔗 🔗 🌲 👈 🎯 *➡ 🛠️*. + +## 🌖 ℹ 🔃 `SecurityScopes` + +👆 💪 ⚙️ `SecurityScopes` 🙆 ☝, & 💗 🥉, ⚫️ 🚫 ✔️ "🌱" 🔗. + +⚫️ 🔜 🕧 ✔️ 💂‍♂ ↔ 📣 ⏮️ `Security` 🔗 & 🌐 ⚓️ **👈 🎯** *➡ 🛠️* & **👈 🎯** 🔗 🌲. + +↩️ `SecurityScopes` 🔜 ✔️ 🌐 ↔ 📣 ⚓️, 👆 💪 ⚙️ ⚫️ ✔ 👈 🤝 ✔️ 🚚 ↔ 🇨🇫 🔗 🔢, & ⤴️ 📣 🎏 ↔ 📄 🎏 *➡ 🛠️*. + +👫 🔜 ✅ ➡ 🔠 *➡ 🛠️*. + +## ✅ ⚫️ + +🚥 👆 📂 🛠️ 🩺, 👆 💪 🔓 & ✔ ❔ ↔ 👆 💚 ✔. + + + +🚥 👆 🚫 🖊 🙆 ↔, 👆 🔜 "🔓", ✋️ 🕐❔ 👆 🔄 🔐 `/users/me/` ⚖️ `/users/me/items/` 👆 🔜 🤚 ❌ 💬 👈 👆 🚫 ✔️ 🥃 ✔. 👆 🔜 💪 🔐 `/status/`. + +& 🚥 👆 🖊 ↔ `me` ✋️ 🚫 ↔ `items`, 👆 🔜 💪 🔐 `/users/me/` ✋️ 🚫 `/users/me/items/`. + +👈 ⚫️❔ 🔜 🔨 🥉 🥳 🈸 👈 🔄 🔐 1️⃣ 👫 *➡ 🛠️* ⏮️ 🤝 🚚 👩‍💻, ⚓️ 🔛 ❔ 📚 ✔ 👩‍💻 🤝 🈸. + +## 🔃 🥉 🥳 🛠️ + +👉 🖼 👥 ⚙️ Oauth2️⃣ "🔐" 💧. + +👉 ☑ 🕐❔ 👥 🚨 👆 👍 🈸, 🎲 ⏮️ 👆 👍 🕸. + +↩️ 👥 💪 💙 ⚫️ 📨 `username` & `password`, 👥 🎛 ⚫️. + +✋️ 🚥 👆 🏗 Oauth2️⃣ 🈸 👈 🎏 🔜 🔗 (➡, 🚥 👆 🏗 🤝 🐕‍🦺 🌓 👱📔, 🇺🇸🔍, 📂, ♒️.) 👆 🔜 ⚙️ 1️⃣ 🎏 💧. + +🌅 ⚠ 🔑 💧. + +🏆 🔐 📟 💧, ✋️ 🌖 🏗 🛠️ ⚫️ 🚚 🌅 📶. ⚫️ 🌅 🏗, 📚 🐕‍🦺 🔚 🆙 ✔ 🔑 💧. + +!!! note + ⚫️ ⚠ 👈 🔠 🤝 🐕‍🦺 📛 👫 💧 🎏 🌌, ⚒ ⚫️ 🍕 👫 🏷. + + ✋️ 🔚, 👫 🛠️ 🎏 Oauth2️⃣ 🐩. + +**FastAPI** 🔌 🚙 🌐 👫 Oauth2️⃣ 🤝 💧 `fastapi.security.oauth2`. + +## `Security` 👨‍🎨 `dependencies` + +🎏 🌌 👆 💪 🔬 `list` `Depends` 👨‍🎨 `dependencies` 🔢 (🔬 [🔗 ➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨](../../tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md){.internal-link target=_blank}), 👆 💪 ⚙️ `Security` ⏮️ `scopes` 📤. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/settings.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/settings.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ebe8ffcb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/settings.md @@ -0,0 +1,382 @@ +# ⚒ & 🌐 🔢 + +📚 💼 👆 🈸 💪 💪 🔢 ⚒ ⚖️ 📳, 🖼 ㊙ 🔑, 💽 🎓, 🎓 📧 🐕‍🦺, ♒️. + +🏆 👫 ⚒ 🔢 (💪 🔀), 💖 💽 📛. & 📚 💪 🚿, 💖 ㊙. + +👉 🤔 ⚫️ ⚠ 🚚 👫 🌐 🔢 👈 ✍ 🈸. + +## 🌐 🔢 + +!!! tip + 🚥 👆 ⏪ 💭 ⚫️❔ "🌐 🔢" & ❔ ⚙️ 👫, 💭 🆓 🚶 ⏭ 📄 🔛. + +🌐 🔢 (💭 "🇨🇻 {") 🔢 👈 🖖 🏞 🐍 📟, 🏃‍♂ ⚙️, & 💪 ✍ 👆 🐍 📟 (⚖️ 🎏 📋 👍). + +👆 💪 ✍ & ⚙️ 🌐 🔢 🐚, 🍵 💆‍♂ 🐍: + +=== "💾, 🇸🇻, 🚪 🎉" + +
+ + ```console + // You could create an env var MY_NAME with + $ export MY_NAME="Wade Wilson" + + // Then you could use it with other programs, like + $ echo "Hello $MY_NAME" + + Hello Wade Wilson + ``` + +
+ +=== "🚪 📋" + +
+ + ```console + // Create an env var MY_NAME + $ $Env:MY_NAME = "Wade Wilson" + + // Use it with other programs, like + $ echo "Hello $Env:MY_NAME" + + Hello Wade Wilson + ``` + +
+ +### ✍ 🇨🇻 {🐍 + +👆 💪 ✍ 🌐 🔢 🏞 🐍, 📶 (⚖️ ⏮️ 🙆 🎏 👩‍🔬), & ⤴️ ✍ 👫 🐍. + +🖼 👆 💪 ✔️ 📁 `main.py` ⏮️: + +```Python hl_lines="3" +import os + +name = os.getenv("MY_NAME", "World") +print(f"Hello {name} from Python") +``` + +!!! tip + 🥈 ❌ `os.getenv()` 🔢 💲 📨. + + 🚥 🚫 🚚, ⚫️ `None` 🔢, 📥 👥 🚚 `"World"` 🔢 💲 ⚙️. + +⤴️ 👆 💪 🤙 👈 🐍 📋: + +
+ +```console +// Here we don't set the env var yet +$ python main.py + +// As we didn't set the env var, we get the default value + +Hello World from Python + +// But if we create an environment variable first +$ export MY_NAME="Wade Wilson" + +// And then call the program again +$ python main.py + +// Now it can read the environment variable + +Hello Wade Wilson from Python +``` + +
+ +🌐 🔢 💪 ⚒ 🏞 📟, ✋️ 💪 ✍ 📟, & 🚫 ✔️ 🏪 (💕 `git`) ⏮️ 🎂 📁, ⚫️ ⚠ ⚙️ 👫 📳 ⚖️ ⚒. + +👆 💪 ✍ 🌐 🔢 🕴 🎯 📋 👼, 👈 🕴 💪 👈 📋, & 🕴 🚮 📐. + +👈, ✍ ⚫️ ▶️️ ⏭ 📋 ⚫️, 🔛 🎏 ⏸: + +
+ +```console +// Create an env var MY_NAME in line for this program call +$ MY_NAME="Wade Wilson" python main.py + +// Now it can read the environment variable + +Hello Wade Wilson from Python + +// The env var no longer exists afterwards +$ python main.py + +Hello World from Python +``` + +
+ +!!! tip + 👆 💪 ✍ 🌅 🔃 ⚫️ 1️⃣2️⃣-⚖ 📱: 📁. + +### 🆎 & 🔬 + +👫 🌐 🔢 💪 🕴 🍵 ✍ 🎻, 👫 🔢 🐍 & ✔️ 🔗 ⏮️ 🎏 📋 & 🎂 ⚙️ (& ⏮️ 🎏 🏃‍♂ ⚙️, 💾, 🚪, 🇸🇻). + +👈 ⛓ 👈 🙆 💲 ✍ 🐍 ⚪️➡️ 🌐 🔢 🔜 `str`, & 🙆 🛠️ 🎏 🆎 ⚖️ 🔬 ✔️ 🔨 📟. + +## Pydantic `Settings` + +👐, Pydantic 🚚 👑 🚙 🍵 👫 ⚒ 👟 ⚪️➡️ 🌐 🔢 ⏮️ Pydantic: ⚒ 🧾. + +### ✍ `Settings` 🎚 + +🗄 `BaseSettings` ⚪️➡️ Pydantic & ✍ 🎧-🎓, 📶 🌅 💖 ⏮️ Pydantic 🏷. + +🎏 🌌 ⏮️ Pydantic 🏷, 👆 📣 🎓 🔢 ⏮️ 🆎 ✍, & 🎲 🔢 💲. + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 🌐 🎏 🔬 ⚒ & 🧰 👆 ⚙️ Pydantic 🏷, 💖 🎏 📊 🆎 & 🌖 🔬 ⏮️ `Field()`. + +```Python hl_lines="2 5-8 11" +{!../../../docs_src/settings/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 🚥 👆 💚 🕳 ⏩ 📁 & 📋, 🚫 ⚙️ 👉 🖼, ⚙️ 🏁 1️⃣ 🔛. + +⤴️, 🕐❔ 👆 ✍ 👐 👈 `Settings` 🎓 (👉 💼, `settings` 🎚), Pydantic 🔜 ✍ 🌐 🔢 💼-😛 🌌,, ↖-💼 🔢 `APP_NAME` 🔜 ✍ 🔢 `app_name`. + +⏭ ⚫️ 🔜 🗜 & ✔ 💽. , 🕐❔ 👆 ⚙️ 👈 `settings` 🎚, 👆 🔜 ✔️ 📊 🆎 👆 📣 (✅ `items_per_user` 🔜 `int`). + +### ⚙️ `settings` + +⤴️ 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🆕 `settings` 🎚 👆 🈸: + +```Python hl_lines="18-20" +{!../../../docs_src/settings/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### 🏃 💽 + +⏭, 👆 🔜 🏃 💽 🚶‍♀️ 📳 🌐 🔢, 🖼 👆 💪 ⚒ `ADMIN_EMAIL` & `APP_NAME` ⏮️: + +
+ +```console +$ ADMIN_EMAIL="deadpool@example.com" APP_NAME="ChimichangApp" uvicorn main:app + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +!!! tip + ⚒ 💗 🇨🇻 {👁 📋 🎏 👫 ⏮️ 🚀, & 🚮 👫 🌐 ⏭ 📋. + +& ⤴️ `admin_email` ⚒ 🔜 ⚒ `"deadpool@example.com"`. + +`app_name` 🔜 `"ChimichangApp"`. + +& `items_per_user` 🔜 🚧 🚮 🔢 💲 `50`. + +## ⚒ ➕1️⃣ 🕹 + +👆 💪 🚮 👈 ⚒ ➕1️⃣ 🕹 📁 👆 👀 [🦏 🈸 - 💗 📁](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +🖼, 👆 💪 ✔️ 📁 `config.py` ⏮️: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/settings/app01/config.py!} +``` + +& ⤴️ ⚙️ ⚫️ 📁 `main.py`: + +```Python hl_lines="3 11-13" +{!../../../docs_src/settings/app01/main.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 👆 🔜 💪 📁 `__init__.py` 👆 👀 🔛 [🦏 🈸 - 💗 📁](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## ⚒ 🔗 + +🍾 ⚫️ 5️⃣📆 ⚠ 🚚 ⚒ ⚪️➡️ 🔗, ↩️ ✔️ 🌐 🎚 ⏮️ `settings` 👈 ⚙️ 🌐. + +👉 💪 ✴️ ⚠ ⏮️ 🔬, ⚫️ 📶 ⏩ 🔐 🔗 ⏮️ 👆 👍 🛃 ⚒. + +### 📁 📁 + +👟 ⚪️➡️ ⏮️ 🖼, 👆 `config.py` 📁 💪 👀 💖: + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/settings/app02/config.py!} +``` + +👀 👈 🔜 👥 🚫 ✍ 🔢 👐 `settings = Settings()`. + +### 👑 📱 📁 + +🔜 👥 ✍ 🔗 👈 📨 🆕 `config.Settings()`. + +```Python hl_lines="5 11-12" +{!../../../docs_src/settings/app02/main.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 👥 🔜 🔬 `@lru_cache` 🍖. + + 🔜 👆 💪 🤔 `get_settings()` 😐 🔢. + +& ⤴️ 👥 💪 🚚 ⚫️ ⚪️➡️ *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 🔗 & ⚙️ ⚫️ 🙆 👥 💪 ⚫️. + +```Python hl_lines="16 18-20" +{!../../../docs_src/settings/app02/main.py!} +``` + +### ⚒ & 🔬 + +⤴️ ⚫️ 🔜 📶 ⏩ 🚚 🎏 ⚒ 🎚 ⏮️ 🔬 🏗 🔗 🔐 `get_settings`: + +```Python hl_lines="9-10 13 21" +{!../../../docs_src/settings/app02/test_main.py!} +``` + +🔗 🔐 👥 ⚒ 🆕 💲 `admin_email` 🕐❔ 🏗 🆕 `Settings` 🎚, & ⤴️ 👥 📨 👈 🆕 🎚. + +⤴️ 👥 💪 💯 👈 ⚫️ ⚙️. + +## 👂 `.env` 📁 + +🚥 👆 ✔️ 📚 ⚒ 👈 🎲 🔀 📚, 🎲 🎏 🌐, ⚫️ 5️⃣📆 ⚠ 🚮 👫 🔛 📁 & ⤴️ ✍ 👫 ⚪️➡️ ⚫️ 🚥 👫 🌐 🔢. + +👉 💡 ⚠ 🥃 👈 ⚫️ ✔️ 📛, 👫 🌐 🔢 🛎 🥉 📁 `.env`, & 📁 🤙 "🇨🇻". + +!!! tip + 📁 ▶️ ⏮️ ❣ (`.`) 🕵‍♂ 📁 🖥-💖 ⚙️, 💖 💾 & 🇸🇻. + + ✋️ 🇨🇻 📁 🚫 🤙 ✔️ ✔️ 👈 ☑ 📁. + +Pydantic ✔️ 🐕‍🦺 👂 ⚪️➡️ 👉 🆎 📁 ⚙️ 🔢 🗃. 👆 💪 ✍ 🌖 Pydantic ⚒: 🇨🇻 (.🇨🇻) 🐕‍🦺. + +!!! tip + 👉 👷, 👆 💪 `pip install python-dotenv`. + +### `.env` 📁 + +👆 💪 ✔️ `.env` 📁 ⏮️: + +```bash +ADMIN_EMAIL="deadpool@example.com" +APP_NAME="ChimichangApp" +``` + +### ✍ ⚒ ⚪️➡️ `.env` + +& ⤴️ ℹ 👆 `config.py` ⏮️: + +```Python hl_lines="9-10" +{!../../../docs_src/settings/app03/config.py!} +``` + +📥 👥 ✍ 🎓 `Config` 🔘 👆 Pydantic `Settings` 🎓, & ⚒ `env_file` 📁 ⏮️ 🇨🇻 📁 👥 💚 ⚙️. + +!!! tip + `Config` 🎓 ⚙️ Pydantic 📳. 👆 💪 ✍ 🌖 Pydantic 🏷 📁 + +### 🏗 `Settings` 🕴 🕐 ⏮️ `lru_cache` + +👂 📁 ⚪️➡️ 💾 🛎 ⚠ (🐌) 🛠️, 👆 🎲 💚 ⚫️ 🕴 🕐 & ⤴️ 🏤-⚙️ 🎏 ⚒ 🎚, ↩️ 👂 ⚫️ 🔠 📨. + +✋️ 🔠 🕰 👥: + +```Python +Settings() +``` + +🆕 `Settings` 🎚 🔜 ✍, & 🏗 ⚫️ 🔜 ✍ `.env` 📁 🔄. + +🚥 🔗 🔢 💖: + +```Python +def get_settings(): + return Settings() +``` + +👥 🔜 ✍ 👈 🎚 🔠 📨, & 👥 🔜 👂 `.env` 📁 🔠 📨. 👶 👶 + +✋️ 👥 ⚙️ `@lru_cache` 👨‍🎨 🔛 🔝, `Settings` 🎚 🔜 ✍ 🕴 🕐, 🥇 🕰 ⚫️ 🤙. 👶 👶 + +```Python hl_lines="1 10" +{!../../../docs_src/settings/app03/main.py!} +``` + +⤴️ 🙆 🏁 🤙 `get_settings()` 🔗 ⏭ 📨, ↩️ 🛠️ 🔗 📟 `get_settings()` & 🏗 🆕 `Settings` 🎚, ⚫️ 🔜 📨 🎏 🎚 👈 📨 🔛 🥇 🤙, 🔄 & 🔄. + +#### `lru_cache` 📡 ℹ + +`@lru_cache` 🔀 🔢 ⚫️ 🎀 📨 🎏 💲 👈 📨 🥇 🕰, ↩️ 💻 ⚫️ 🔄, 🛠️ 📟 🔢 🔠 🕰. + +, 🔢 🔛 ⚫️ 🔜 🛠️ 🕐 🔠 🌀 ❌. & ⤴️ 💲 📨 🔠 👈 🌀 ❌ 🔜 ⚙️ 🔄 & 🔄 🕐❔ 🔢 🤙 ⏮️ ⚫️❔ 🎏 🌀 ❌. + +🖼, 🚥 👆 ✔️ 🔢: + +```Python +@lru_cache +def say_hi(name: str, salutation: str = "Ms."): + return f"Hello {salutation} {name}" +``` + +👆 📋 💪 🛠️ 💖 👉: + +```mermaid +sequenceDiagram + +participant code as Code +participant function as say_hi() +participant execute as Execute function + + rect rgba(0, 255, 0, .1) + code ->> function: say_hi(name="Camila") + function ->> execute: execute function code + execute ->> code: return the result + end + + rect rgba(0, 255, 255, .1) + code ->> function: say_hi(name="Camila") + function ->> code: return stored result + end + + rect rgba(0, 255, 0, .1) + code ->> function: say_hi(name="Rick") + function ->> execute: execute function code + execute ->> code: return the result + end + + rect rgba(0, 255, 0, .1) + code ->> function: say_hi(name="Rick", salutation="Mr.") + function ->> execute: execute function code + execute ->> code: return the result + end + + rect rgba(0, 255, 255, .1) + code ->> function: say_hi(name="Rick") + function ->> code: return stored result + end + + rect rgba(0, 255, 255, .1) + code ->> function: say_hi(name="Camila") + function ->> code: return stored result + end +``` + +💼 👆 🔗 `get_settings()`, 🔢 🚫 ✊ 🙆 ❌, ⚫️ 🕧 📨 🎏 💲. + +👈 🌌, ⚫️ 🎭 🌖 🚥 ⚫️ 🌐 🔢. ✋️ ⚫️ ⚙️ 🔗 🔢, ⤴️ 👥 💪 🔐 ⚫️ 💪 🔬. + +`@lru_cache` 🍕 `functools` ❔ 🍕 🐍 🐩 🗃, 👆 💪 ✍ 🌅 🔃 ⚫️ 🐍 🩺 `@lru_cache`. + +## 🌃 + +👆 💪 ⚙️ Pydantic ⚒ 🍵 ⚒ ⚖️ 📳 👆 🈸, ⏮️ 🌐 🏋️ Pydantic 🏷. + +* ⚙️ 🔗 👆 💪 📉 🔬. +* 👆 💪 ⚙️ `.env` 📁 ⏮️ ⚫️. +* ⚙️ `@lru_cache` ➡️ 👆 ❎ 👂 🇨🇻 📁 🔄 & 🔄 🔠 📨, ⏪ 🤝 👆 🔐 ⚫️ ⏮️ 🔬. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/sub-applications.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/sub-applications.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e0391453b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/sub-applications.md @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +# 🎧 🈸 - 🗻 + +🚥 👆 💪 ✔️ 2️⃣ 🔬 FastAPI 🈸, ⏮️ 👫 👍 🔬 🗄 & 👫 👍 🩺 ⚜, 👆 💪 ✔️ 👑 📱 & "🗻" 1️⃣ (⚖️ 🌅) 🎧-🈸(Ⓜ). + +## 🗜 **FastAPI** 🈸 + +"🗜" ⛓ ❎ 🍕 "🔬" 🈸 🎯 ➡, 👈 ⤴️ ✊ 💅 🚚 🌐 🔽 👈 ➡, ⏮️ _➡ 🛠️_ 📣 👈 🎧-🈸. + +### 🔝-🎚 🈸 + +🥇, ✍ 👑, 🔝-🎚, **FastAPI** 🈸, & 🚮 *➡ 🛠️*: + +```Python hl_lines="3 6-8" +{!../../../docs_src/sub_applications/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### 🎧-🈸 + +⤴️, ✍ 👆 🎧-🈸, & 🚮 *➡ 🛠️*. + +👉 🎧-🈸 ➕1️⃣ 🐩 FastAPI 🈸, ✋️ 👉 1️⃣ 👈 🔜 "🗻": + +```Python hl_lines="11 14-16" +{!../../../docs_src/sub_applications/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### 🗻 🎧-🈸 + +👆 🔝-🎚 🈸, `app`, 🗻 🎧-🈸, `subapi`. + +👉 💼, ⚫️ 🔜 📌 ➡ `/subapi`: + +```Python hl_lines="11 19" +{!../../../docs_src/sub_applications/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### ✅ 🏧 🛠️ 🩺 + +🔜, 🏃 `uvicorn` ⏮️ 👑 📱, 🚥 👆 📁 `main.py`, ⚫️ 🔜: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +& 📂 🩺 http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +👆 🔜 👀 🏧 🛠️ 🩺 👑 📱, 🔌 🕴 🚮 👍 _➡ 🛠️_: + + + +& ⤴️, 📂 🩺 🎧-🈸, http://127.0.0.1:8000/subapi/docs. + +👆 🔜 👀 🏧 🛠️ 🩺 🎧-🈸, ✅ 🕴 🚮 👍 _➡ 🛠️_, 🌐 🔽 ☑ 🎧-➡ 🔡 `/subapi`: + + + +🚥 👆 🔄 🔗 ⏮️ 🙆 2️⃣ 👩‍💻 🔢, 👫 🔜 👷 ☑, ↩️ 🖥 🔜 💪 💬 🔠 🎯 📱 ⚖️ 🎧-📱. + +### 📡 ℹ: `root_path` + +🕐❔ 👆 🗻 🎧-🈸 🔬 🔛, FastAPI 🔜 ✊ 💅 🔗 🗻 ➡ 🎧-🈸 ⚙️ 🛠️ ⚪️➡️ 🔫 🔧 🤙 `root_path`. + +👈 🌌, 🎧-🈸 🔜 💭 ⚙️ 👈 ➡ 🔡 🩺 🎚. + +& 🎧-🈸 💪 ✔️ 🚮 👍 📌 🎧-🈸 & 🌐 🔜 👷 ☑, ↩️ FastAPI 🍵 🌐 👉 `root_path`Ⓜ 🔁. + +👆 🔜 💡 🌅 🔃 `root_path` & ❔ ⚙️ ⚫️ 🎯 📄 🔃 [⛅ 🗳](./behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/templates.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/templates.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0a73a4f47 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/templates.md @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +# 📄 + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 🙆 📄 🚒 👆 💚 ⏮️ **FastAPI**. + +⚠ ⚒ Jinja2️⃣, 🎏 1️⃣ ⚙️ 🏺 & 🎏 🧰. + +📤 🚙 🔗 ⚫️ 💪 👈 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🔗 👆 **FastAPI** 🈸 (🚚 💃). + +## ❎ 🔗 + +❎ `jinja2`: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install jinja2 + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +## ⚙️ `Jinja2Templates` + +* 🗄 `Jinja2Templates`. +* ✍ `templates` 🎚 👈 👆 💪 🏤-⚙️ ⏪. +* 📣 `Request` 🔢 *➡ 🛠️* 👈 🔜 📨 📄. +* ⚙️ `templates` 👆 ✍ ✍ & 📨 `TemplateResponse`, 🚶‍♀️ `request` 1️⃣ 🔑-💲 👫 Jinja2️⃣ "🔑". + +```Python hl_lines="4 11 15-18" +{!../../../docs_src/templates/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note + 👀 👈 👆 ✔️ 🚶‍♀️ `request` 🍕 🔑-💲 👫 🔑 Jinja2️⃣. , 👆 ✔️ 📣 ⚫️ 👆 *➡ 🛠️*. + +!!! tip + 📣 `response_class=HTMLResponse` 🩺 🎚 🔜 💪 💭 👈 📨 🔜 🕸. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette.templating import Jinja2Templates`. + + **FastAPI** 🚚 🎏 `starlette.templating` `fastapi.templating` 🏪 👆, 👩‍💻. ✋️ 🌅 💪 📨 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃. 🎏 ⏮️ `Request` & `StaticFiles`. + +## ✍ 📄 + +⤴️ 👆 💪 ✍ 📄 `templates/item.html` ⏮️: + +```jinja hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/templates/templates/item.html!} +``` + +⚫️ 🔜 🎦 `id` ✊ ⚪️➡️ "🔑" `dict` 👆 🚶‍♀️: + +```Python +{"request": request, "id": id} +``` + +## 📄 & 🎻 📁 + +& 👆 💪 ⚙️ `url_for()` 🔘 📄, & ⚙️ ⚫️, 🖼, ⏮️ `StaticFiles` 👆 📌. + +```jinja hl_lines="4" +{!../../../docs_src/templates/templates/item.html!} +``` + +👉 🖼, ⚫️ 🔜 🔗 🎚 📁 `static/styles.css` ⏮️: + +```CSS hl_lines="4" +{!../../../docs_src/templates/static/styles.css!} +``` + +& ↩️ 👆 ⚙️ `StaticFiles`, 👈 🎚 📁 🔜 🍦 🔁 👆 **FastAPI** 🈸 📛 `/static/styles.css`. + +## 🌅 ℹ + +🌅 ℹ, 🔌 ❔ 💯 📄, ✅ 💃 🩺 🔛 📄. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/testing-database.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/testing-database.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..93acd710e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/testing-database.md @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +# 🔬 💽 + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 🎏 🔗 🔐 ⚪️➡️ [🔬 🔗 ⏮️ 🔐](testing-dependencies.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 📉 💽 🔬. + +👆 💪 💚 ⚒ 🆙 🎏 💽 🔬, 💾 💽 ⏮️ 💯, 🏤-🥧 ⚫️ ⏮️ 🔬 💽, ♒️. + +👑 💭 ⚫️❔ 🎏 👆 👀 👈 ⏮️ 📃. + +## 🚮 💯 🗄 📱 + +➡️ ℹ 🖼 ⚪️➡️ [🗄 (🔗) 💽](../tutorial/sql-databases.md){.internal-link target=_blank} ⚙️ 🔬 💽. + +🌐 📱 📟 🎏, 👆 💪 🚶 🔙 👈 📃 ✅ ❔ ⚫️. + +🕴 🔀 📥 🆕 🔬 📁. + +👆 😐 🔗 `get_db()` 🔜 📨 💽 🎉. + +💯, 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🔗 🔐 📨 👆 *🛃* 💽 🎉 ↩️ 1️⃣ 👈 🔜 ⚙️ 🛎. + +👉 🖼 👥 🔜 ✍ 🍕 💽 🕴 💯. + +## 📁 📊 + +👥 ✍ 🆕 📁 `sql_app/tests/test_sql_app.py`. + +🆕 📁 📊 👀 💖: + +``` hl_lines="9-11" +. +└── sql_app + ├── __init__.py + ├── crud.py + ├── database.py + ├── main.py + ├── models.py + ├── schemas.py + └── tests + ├── __init__.py + └── test_sql_app.py +``` + +## ✍ 🆕 💽 🎉 + +🥇, 👥 ✍ 🆕 💽 🎉 ⏮️ 🆕 💽. + +💯 👥 🔜 ⚙️ 📁 `test.db` ↩️ `sql_app.db`. + +✋️ 🎂 🎉 📟 🌅 ⚖️ 🌘 🎏, 👥 📁 ⚫️. + +```Python hl_lines="8-13" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/tests/test_sql_app.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 👆 💪 📉 ❎ 👈 📟 🚮 ⚫️ 🔢 & ⚙️ ⚫️ ⚪️➡️ 👯‍♂️ `database.py` & `tests/test_sql_app.py`. + + 🦁 & 🎯 🔛 🎯 🔬 📟, 👥 🖨 ⚫️. + +## ✍ 💽 + +↩️ 🔜 👥 🔜 ⚙️ 🆕 💽 🆕 📁, 👥 💪 ⚒ 💭 👥 ✍ 💽 ⏮️: + +```Python +Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine) +``` + +👈 🛎 🤙 `main.py`, ✋️ ⏸ `main.py` ⚙️ 💽 📁 `sql_app.db`, & 👥 💪 ⚒ 💭 👥 ✍ `test.db` 💯. + +👥 🚮 👈 ⏸ 📥, ⏮️ 🆕 📁. + +```Python hl_lines="16" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/tests/test_sql_app.py!} +``` + +## 🔗 🔐 + +🔜 👥 ✍ 🔗 🔐 & 🚮 ⚫️ 🔐 👆 📱. + +```Python hl_lines="19-24 27" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/tests/test_sql_app.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 📟 `override_get_db()` 🌖 ⚫️❔ 🎏 `get_db()`, ✋️ `override_get_db()` 👥 ⚙️ `TestingSessionLocal` 🔬 💽 ↩️. + +## 💯 📱 + +⤴️ 👥 💪 💯 📱 🛎. + +```Python hl_lines="32-47" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/tests/test_sql_app.py!} +``` + +& 🌐 🛠️ 👥 ⚒ 💽 ⏮️ 💯 🔜 `test.db` 💽 ↩️ 👑 `sql_app.db`. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/testing-dependencies.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/testing-dependencies.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..104a6325e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/testing-dependencies.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +# 🔬 🔗 ⏮️ 🔐 + +## 🔑 🔗 ⏮️ 🔬 + +📤 😐 🌐❔ 👆 💪 💚 🔐 🔗 ⏮️ 🔬. + +👆 🚫 💚 ⏮️ 🔗 🏃 (🚫 🙆 🎧-🔗 ⚫️ 💪 ✔️). + +↩️, 👆 💚 🚚 🎏 🔗 👈 🔜 ⚙️ 🕴 ⏮️ 💯 (🎲 🕴 🎯 💯), & 🔜 🚚 💲 👈 💪 ⚙️ 🌐❔ 💲 ⏮️ 🔗 ⚙️. + +### ⚙️ 💼: 🔢 🐕‍🦺 + +🖼 💪 👈 👆 ✔️ 🔢 🤝 🐕‍🦺 👈 👆 💪 🤙. + +👆 📨 ⚫️ 🤝 & ⚫️ 📨 🔓 👩‍💻. + +👉 🐕‍🦺 5️⃣📆 🔌 👆 📍 📨, & 🤙 ⚫️ 💪 ✊ ➕ 🕰 🌘 🚥 👆 ✔️ 🔧 🎁 👩‍💻 💯. + +👆 🎲 💚 💯 🔢 🐕‍🦺 🕐, ✋️ 🚫 🎯 🤙 ⚫️ 🔠 💯 👈 🏃. + +👉 💼, 👆 💪 🔐 🔗 👈 🤙 👈 🐕‍🦺, & ⚙️ 🛃 🔗 👈 📨 🎁 👩‍💻, 🕴 👆 💯. + +### ⚙️ `app.dependency_overrides` 🔢 + +👫 💼, 👆 **FastAPI** 🈸 ✔️ 🔢 `app.dependency_overrides`, ⚫️ 🙅 `dict`. + +🔐 🔗 🔬, 👆 🚮 🔑 ⏮️ 🔗 (🔢), & 💲, 👆 🔗 🔐 (➕1️⃣ 🔢). + +& ⤴️ **FastAPI** 🔜 🤙 👈 🔐 ↩️ ⏮️ 🔗. + +```Python hl_lines="28-29 32" +{!../../../docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 👆 💪 ⚒ 🔗 🔐 🔗 ⚙️ 🙆 👆 **FastAPI** 🈸. + + ⏮️ 🔗 💪 ⚙️ *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨* (🕐❔ 👆 🚫 ⚙️ 📨 💲), `.include_router()` 🤙, ♒️. + + FastAPI 🔜 💪 🔐 ⚫️. + +⤴️ 👆 💪 ⏲ 👆 🔐 (❎ 👫) ⚒ `app.dependency_overrides` 🛁 `dict`: + +```Python +app.dependency_overrides = {} +``` + +!!! tip + 🚥 👆 💚 🔐 🔗 🕴 ⏮️ 💯, 👆 💪 ⚒ 🔐 ▶️ 💯 (🔘 💯 🔢) & ⏲ ⚫️ 🔚 (🔚 💯 🔢). diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/testing-events.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/testing-events.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d64436eb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/testing-events.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# 🔬 🎉: 🕴 - 🤫 + +🕐❔ 👆 💪 👆 🎉 🐕‍🦺 (`startup` & `shutdown`) 🏃 👆 💯, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `TestClient` ⏮️ `with` 📄: + +```Python hl_lines="9-12 20-24" +{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial003.py!} +``` diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/testing-websockets.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/testing-websockets.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3b8e7e420 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/testing-websockets.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# 🔬 *️⃣ + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 🎏 `TestClient` 💯*️⃣. + +👉, 👆 ⚙️ `TestClient` `with` 📄, 🔗*️⃣: + +```Python hl_lines="27-31" +{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +!!! note + 🌅 ℹ, ✅ 💃 🧾 🔬 *️⃣ . diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/using-request-directly.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/using-request-directly.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..faeadb1aa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/using-request-directly.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +# ⚙️ 📨 🔗 + +🆙 🔜, 👆 ✔️ 📣 🍕 📨 👈 👆 💪 ⏮️ 👫 🆎. + +✊ 📊 ⚪️➡️: + +* ➡ 🔢. +* 🎚. +* 🍪. +* ♒️. + +& 🔨, **FastAPI** ⚖ 👈 💽, 🏭 ⚫️ & 🏭 🧾 👆 🛠️ 🔁. + +✋️ 📤 ⚠ 🌐❔ 👆 💪 💪 🔐 `Request` 🎚 🔗. + +## ℹ 🔃 `Request` 🎚 + +**FastAPI** 🤙 **💃** 🔘, ⏮️ 🧽 📚 🧰 🔛 🔝, 👆 💪 ⚙️ 💃 `Request` 🎚 🔗 🕐❔ 👆 💪. + +⚫️ 🔜 ⛓ 👈 🚥 👆 🤚 📊 ⚪️➡️ `Request` 🎚 🔗 (🖼, ✍ 💪) ⚫️ 🏆 🚫 ✔, 🗜 ⚖️ 📄 (⏮️ 🗄, 🏧 🛠️ 👩‍💻 🔢) FastAPI. + +👐 🙆 🎏 🔢 📣 🛎 (🖼, 💪 ⏮️ Pydantic 🏷) 🔜 ✔, 🗜, ✍, ♒️. + +✋️ 📤 🎯 💼 🌐❔ ⚫️ ⚠ 🤚 `Request` 🎚. + +## ⚙️ `Request` 🎚 🔗 + +➡️ 🌈 👆 💚 🤚 👩‍💻 📢 📢/🦠 🔘 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*. + +👈 👆 💪 🔐 📨 🔗. + +```Python hl_lines="1 7-8" +{!../../../docs_src/using_request_directly/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +📣 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 🔢 ⏮️ 🆎 ➖ `Request` **FastAPI** 🔜 💭 🚶‍♀️ `Request` 👈 🔢. + +!!! tip + 🗒 👈 👉 💼, 👥 📣 ➡ 🔢 ⤴️ 📨 🔢. + + , ➡ 🔢 🔜 ⚗, ✔, 🗜 ✔ 🆎 & ✍ ⏮️ 🗄. + + 🎏 🌌, 👆 💪 📣 🙆 🎏 🔢 🛎, & ➡, 🤚 `Request` 💁‍♂️. + +## `Request` 🧾 + +👆 💪 ✍ 🌅 ℹ 🔃 `Request` 🎚 🛂 💃 🧾 🕸. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette.requests import Request`. + + **FastAPI** 🚚 ⚫️ 🔗 🏪 👆, 👩‍💻. ✋️ ⚫️ 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/websockets.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/websockets.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ba9b999d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/websockets.md @@ -0,0 +1,184 @@ +# *️⃣ + +👆 💪 ⚙️ *️⃣ ⏮️ **FastAPI**. + +## ❎ `WebSockets` + +🥇 👆 💪 ❎ `WebSockets`: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install websockets + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +## *️⃣ 👩‍💻 + +### 🏭 + +👆 🏭 ⚙️, 👆 🎲 ✔️ 🕸 ✍ ⏮️ 🏛 🛠️ 💖 😥, Vue.js ⚖️ 📐. + +& 🔗 ⚙️ *️⃣ ⏮️ 👆 👩‍💻 👆 🔜 🎲 ⚙️ 👆 🕸 🚙. + +⚖️ 👆 💪 ✔️ 🇦🇸 📱 🈸 👈 🔗 ⏮️ 👆 *️⃣ 👩‍💻 🔗, 🇦🇸 📟. + +⚖️ 👆 5️⃣📆 ✔️ 🙆 🎏 🌌 🔗 ⏮️ *️⃣ 🔗. + +--- + +✋️ 👉 🖼, 👥 🔜 ⚙️ 📶 🙅 🕸 📄 ⏮️ 🕸, 🌐 🔘 📏 🎻. + +👉, ↗️, 🚫 ⚖ & 👆 🚫🔜 ⚙️ ⚫️ 🏭. + +🏭 👆 🔜 ✔️ 1️⃣ 🎛 🔛. + +✋️ ⚫️ 🙅 🌌 🎯 🔛 💽-🚄 *️⃣ & ✔️ 👷 🖼: + +```Python hl_lines="2 6-38 41-43" +{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## ✍ `websocket` + +👆 **FastAPI** 🈸, ✍ `websocket`: + +```Python hl_lines="1 46-47" +{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette.websockets import WebSocket`. + + **FastAPI** 🚚 🎏 `WebSocket` 🔗 🏪 👆, 👩‍💻. ✋️ ⚫️ 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃. + +## ⌛ 📧 & 📨 📧 + +👆 *️⃣ 🛣 👆 💪 `await` 📧 & 📨 📧. + +```Python hl_lines="48-52" +{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +👆 💪 📨 & 📨 💱, ✍, & 🎻 💽. + +## 🔄 ⚫️ + +🚥 👆 📁 📛 `main.py`, 🏃 👆 🈸 ⏮️: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +📂 👆 🖥 http://127.0.0.1:8000. + +👆 🔜 👀 🙅 📃 💖: + + + +👆 💪 🆎 📧 🔢 📦, & 📨 👫: + + + +& 👆 **FastAPI** 🈸 ⏮️ *️⃣ 🔜 📨 🔙: + + + +👆 💪 📨 (& 📨) 📚 📧: + + + +& 🌐 👫 🔜 ⚙️ 🎏 *️⃣ 🔗. + +## ⚙️ `Depends` & 🎏 + +*️⃣ 🔗 👆 💪 🗄 ⚪️➡️ `fastapi` & ⚙️: + +* `Depends` +* `Security` +* `Cookie` +* `Header` +* `Path` +* `Query` + +👫 👷 🎏 🌌 🎏 FastAPI 🔗/*➡ 🛠️*: + +```Python hl_lines="66-77 76-91" +{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +!!! info + 👉 *️⃣ ⚫️ 🚫 🤙 ⚒ 🔑 🤚 `HTTPException`, ↩️ 👥 🤚 `WebSocketException`. + + 👆 💪 ⚙️ 📪 📟 ⚪️➡️ ☑ 📟 🔬 🔧. + +### 🔄 *️⃣ ⏮️ 🔗 + +🚥 👆 📁 📛 `main.py`, 🏃 👆 🈸 ⏮️: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +📂 👆 🖥 http://127.0.0.1:8000. + +📤 👆 💪 ⚒: + +* "🏬 🆔", ⚙️ ➡. +* "🤝" ⚙️ 🔢 🔢. + +!!! tip + 👀 👈 🔢 `token` 🔜 🍵 🔗. + +⏮️ 👈 👆 💪 🔗 *️⃣ & ⤴️ 📨 & 📨 📧: + + + +## 🚚 🔀 & 💗 👩‍💻 + +🕐❔ *️⃣ 🔗 📪, `await websocket.receive_text()` 🔜 🤚 `WebSocketDisconnect` ⚠, ❔ 👆 💪 ⤴️ ✊ & 🍵 💖 👉 🖼. + +```Python hl_lines="81-83" +{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +🔄 ⚫️ 👅: + +* 📂 📱 ⏮️ 📚 🖥 📑. +* ✍ 📧 ⚪️➡️ 👫. +* ⤴️ 🔐 1️⃣ 📑. + +👈 🔜 🤚 `WebSocketDisconnect` ⚠, & 🌐 🎏 👩‍💻 🔜 📨 📧 💖: + +``` +Client #1596980209979 left the chat +``` + +!!! tip + 📱 🔛 ⭐ & 🙅 🖼 🎦 ❔ 🍵 & 📻 📧 📚 *️⃣ 🔗. + + ✋️ ✔️ 🤯 👈, 🌐 🍵 💾, 👁 📇, ⚫️ 🔜 🕴 👷 ⏪ 🛠️ 🏃, & 🔜 🕴 👷 ⏮️ 👁 🛠️. + + 🚥 👆 💪 🕳 ⏩ 🛠️ ⏮️ FastAPI ✋️ 👈 🌖 🏋️, 🐕‍🦺 ✳, ✳ ⚖️ 🎏, ✅ 🗜/📻. + +## 🌅 ℹ + +💡 🌅 🔃 🎛, ✅ 💃 🧾: + +* `WebSocket` 🎓. +* 🎓-⚓️ *️⃣ 🚚. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/advanced/wsgi.md b/docs/em/docs/advanced/wsgi.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4d051807f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/advanced/wsgi.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# ✅ 🇨🇻 - 🏺, ✳, 🎏 + +👆 💪 🗻 🇨🇻 🈸 👆 👀 ⏮️ [🎧 🈸 - 🗻](./sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, [⛅ 🗳](./behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +👈, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `WSGIMiddleware` & ⚙️ ⚫️ 🎁 👆 🇨🇻 🈸, 🖼, 🏺, ✳, ♒️. + +## ⚙️ `WSGIMiddleware` + +👆 💪 🗄 `WSGIMiddleware`. + +⤴️ 🎁 🇨🇻 (✅ 🏺) 📱 ⏮️ 🛠️. + +& ⤴️ 🗻 👈 🔽 ➡. + +```Python hl_lines="2-3 22" +{!../../../docs_src/wsgi/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## ✅ ⚫️ + +🔜, 🔠 📨 🔽 ➡ `/v1/` 🔜 🍵 🏺 🈸. + +& 🎂 🔜 🍵 **FastAPI**. + +🚥 👆 🏃 ⚫️ ⏮️ Uvicorn & 🚶 http://localhost:8000/v1/ 👆 🔜 👀 📨 ⚪️➡️ 🏺: + +```txt +Hello, World from Flask! +``` + +& 🚥 👆 🚶 http://localhost:8000/v2 👆 🔜 👀 📨 ⚪️➡️ FastAPI: + +```JSON +{ + "message": "Hello World" +} +``` diff --git a/docs/em/docs/alternatives.md b/docs/em/docs/alternatives.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6169aa52d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/alternatives.md @@ -0,0 +1,414 @@ +# 🎛, 🌈 & 🔺 + +⚫️❔ 😮 **FastAPI**, ❔ ⚫️ 🔬 🎏 🎛 & ⚫️❔ ⚫️ 🇭🇲 ⚪️➡️ 👫. + +## 🎶 + +**FastAPI** 🚫🔜 🔀 🚥 🚫 ⏮️ 👷 🎏. + +📤 ✔️ 📚 🧰 ✍ ⏭ 👈 ✔️ ℹ 😮 🚮 🏗. + +👤 ✔️ ❎ 🏗 🆕 🛠️ 📚 1️⃣2️⃣🗓️. 🥇 👤 🔄 ❎ 🌐 ⚒ 📔 **FastAPI** ⚙️ 📚 🎏 🛠️, 🔌-🔌, & 🧰. + +✋️ ☝, 📤 🙅‍♂ 🎏 🎛 🌘 🏗 🕳 👈 🚚 🌐 👫 ⚒, ✊ 🏆 💭 ⚪️➡️ ⏮️ 🧰, & 🌀 👫 🏆 🌌 💪, ⚙️ 🇪🇸 ⚒ 👈 ➖🚫 💪 ⏭ (🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ ➕ 🆎 🔑). + +## ⏮️ 🧰 + +### ✳ + +⚫️ 🌅 🌟 🐍 🛠️ & 🛎 🕴. ⚫️ ⚙️ 🏗 ⚙️ 💖 👱📔. + +⚫️ 📶 😆 🔗 ⏮️ 🔗 💽 (💖 ✳ ⚖️ ✳),, ✔️ ☁ 💽 (💖 🗄, ✳, 👸, ♒️) 👑 🏪 🚒 🚫 📶 ⏩. + +⚫️ ✍ 🏗 🕸 👩‍💻, 🚫 ✍ 🔗 ⚙️ 🏛 🕸 (💖 😥, Vue.js & 📐) ⚖️ 🎏 ⚙️ (💖 ☁ 📳) 🔗 ⏮️ ⚫️. + +### ✳ 🎂 🛠️ + +✳ 🎂 🛠️ ✍ 🗜 🧰 🏗 🕸 🔗 ⚙️ ✳ 🔘, 📉 🚮 🛠️ 🛠️. + +⚫️ ⚙️ 📚 🏢 ✅ 🦎, 🟥 👒 & 🎟. + +⚫️ 🕐 🥇 🖼 **🏧 🛠️ 🧾**, & 👉 🎯 🕐 🥇 💭 👈 😮 "🔎" **FastAPI**. + +!!! note + ✳ 🎂 🛠️ ✍ ✡ 🇺🇸🏛. 🎏 👼 💃 & Uvicorn, 🔛 ❔ **FastAPI** ⚓️. + + +!!! check "😮 **FastAPI** " + ✔️ 🏧 🛠️ 🧾 🕸 👩‍💻 🔢. + +### 🏺 + +🏺 "🕸", ⚫️ 🚫 🔌 💽 🛠️ 🚫 📚 👜 👈 👟 🔢 ✳. + +👉 🦁 & 💪 ✔ 🔨 👜 💖 ⚙️ ☁ 💽 👑 💽 💾 ⚙️. + +⚫️ 📶 🙅, ⚫️ 📶 🏋️ 💡, 👐 🧾 🤚 🙁 📡 ☝. + +⚫️ 🛎 ⚙️ 🎏 🈸 👈 🚫 🎯 💪 💽, 👩‍💻 🧾, ⚖️ 🙆 📚 ⚒ 👈 👟 🏤-🏗 ✳. 👐 📚 👫 ⚒ 💪 🚮 ⏮️ 🔌-🔌. + +👉 ⚖ 🍕, & ➖ "🕸" 👈 💪 ↔ 📔 ⚫️❔ ⚫️❔ 💪 🔑 ⚒ 👈 👤 💚 🚧. + +👐 🦁 🏺, ⚫️ 😑 💖 👍 🏏 🏗 🔗. ⏭ 👜 🔎 "✳ 🎂 🛠️" 🏺. + +!!! check "😮 **FastAPI** " + ◾-🛠️. ⚒ ⚫️ ⏩ 🌀 & 🏏 🧰 & 🍕 💪. + + ✔️ 🙅 & ⏩ ⚙️ 🕹 ⚙️. + + +### 📨 + +**FastAPI** 🚫 🤙 🎛 **📨**. 👫 ↔ 📶 🎏. + +⚫️ 🔜 🤙 ⚠ ⚙️ 📨 *🔘* FastAPI 🈸. + +✋️, FastAPI 🤚 🌈 ⚪️➡️ 📨. + +**📨** 🗃 *🔗* ⏮️ 🔗 (👩‍💻), ⏪ **FastAPI** 🗃 *🏗* 🔗 (💽). + +👫, 🌖 ⚖️ 🌘, 🔄 🔚, 🔗 🔠 🎏. + +📨 ✔️ 📶 🙅 & 🏋️ 🔧, ⚫️ 📶 ⏩ ⚙️, ⏮️ 🤔 🔢. ✋️ 🎏 🕰, ⚫️ 📶 🏋️ & 🛃. + +👈 ⚫️❔, 💬 🛂 🕸: + +> 📨 1️⃣ 🏆 ⏬ 🐍 📦 🌐 🕰 + +🌌 👆 ⚙️ ⚫️ 📶 🙅. 🖼, `GET` 📨, 👆 🔜 ✍: + +```Python +response = requests.get("http://example.com/some/url") +``` + +FastAPI 😑 🛠️ *➡ 🛠️* 💪 👀 💖: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +@app.get("/some/url") +def read_url(): + return {"message": "Hello World"} +``` + +👀 🔀 `requests.get(...)` & `@app.get(...)`. + +!!! check "😮 **FastAPI** " + * ✔️ 🙅 & 🏋️ 🛠️. + * ⚙️ 🇺🇸🔍 👩‍🔬 📛 (🛠️) 🔗, 🎯 & 🏋️ 🌌. + * ✔️ 🤔 🔢, ✋️ 🏋️ 🛃. + + +### 🦁 / 🗄 + +👑 ⚒ 👤 💚 ⚪️➡️ ✳ 🎂 🛠️ 🏧 🛠️ 🧾. + +⤴️ 👤 🔎 👈 📤 🐩 📄 🔗, ⚙️ 🎻 (⚖️ 📁, ↔ 🎻) 🤙 🦁. + +& 📤 🕸 👩‍💻 🔢 🦁 🛠️ ⏪ ✍. , 💆‍♂ 💪 🏗 🦁 🧾 🛠️ 🔜 ✔ ⚙️ 👉 🕸 👩‍💻 🔢 🔁. + +☝, 🦁 👐 💾 🏛, 📁 🗄. + +👈 ⚫️❔ 🕐❔ 💬 🔃 ⏬ 2️⃣.0️⃣ ⚫️ ⚠ 💬 "🦁", & ⏬ 3️⃣ ➕ "🗄". + +!!! check "😮 **FastAPI** " + 🛠️ & ⚙️ 📂 🐩 🛠️ 🔧, ↩️ 🛃 🔗. + + & 🛠️ 🐩-⚓️ 👩‍💻 🔢 🧰: + + * 🦁 🎚 + * 📄 + + 👫 2️⃣ 👐 ➖ 📶 🌟 & ⚖, ✋️ 🔨 ⏩ 🔎, 👆 💪 🔎 💯 🌖 🎛 👩‍💻 🔢 🗄 (👈 👆 💪 ⚙️ ⏮️ **FastAPI**). + +### 🏺 🎂 🛠️ + +📤 📚 🏺 🎂 🛠️, ✋️ ⏮️ 💰 🕰 & 👷 🔘 🔬 👫, 👤 🔎 👈 📚 😞 ⚖️ 🚫, ⏮️ 📚 🧍 ❔ 👈 ⚒ 👫 🙃. + +### 🍭 + +1️⃣ 👑 ⚒ 💪 🛠️ ⚙️ 📊 "🛠️" ❔ ✊ 📊 ⚪️➡️ 📟 (🐍) & 🏭 ⚫️ 🔘 🕳 👈 💪 📨 🔘 🕸. 🖼, 🏭 🎚 ⚗ 📊 ⚪️➡️ 💽 🔘 🎻 🎚. 🏭 `datetime` 🎚 🔘 🎻, ♒️. + +➕1️⃣ 🦏 ⚒ 💚 🔗 💽 🔬, ⚒ 💭 👈 💽 ☑, 🤝 🎯 🔢. 🖼, 👈 🏑 `int`, & 🚫 🎲 🎻. 👉 ✴️ ⚠ 📨 💽. + +🍵 💽 🔬 ⚙️, 👆 🔜 ✔️ 🌐 ✅ ✋, 📟. + +👫 ⚒ ⚫️❔ 🍭 🏗 🚚. ⚫️ 👑 🗃, & 👤 ✔️ ⚙️ ⚫️ 📚 ⏭. + +✋️ ⚫️ ✍ ⏭ 📤 🔀 🐍 🆎 🔑. , 🔬 🔠 🔗 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🎯 🇨🇻 & 🎓 🚚 🍭. + +!!! check "😮 **FastAPI** " + ⚙️ 📟 🔬 "🔗" 👈 🚚 💽 🆎 & 🔬, 🔁. + +### Webarg + +➕1️⃣ 🦏 ⚒ ✔ 🔗 ✍ 📊 ⚪️➡️ 📨 📨. + +Webarg 🧰 👈 ⚒ 🚚 👈 🔛 🔝 📚 🛠️, 🔌 🏺. + +⚫️ ⚙️ 🍭 🔘 💽 🔬. & ⚫️ ✍ 🎏 👩‍💻. + +⚫️ 👑 🧰 & 👤 ✔️ ⚙️ ⚫️ 📚 💁‍♂️, ⏭ ✔️ **FastAPI**. + +!!! info + Webarg ✍ 🎏 🍭 👩‍💻. + +!!! check "😮 **FastAPI** " + ✔️ 🏧 🔬 📨 📨 💽. + +### APISpec + +🍭 & Webarg 🚚 🔬, ✍ & 🛠️ 🔌-🔌. + +✋️ 🧾 ❌. ⤴️ APISpec ✍. + +⚫️ 🔌-📚 🛠️ (& 📤 🔌-💃 💁‍♂️). + +🌌 ⚫️ 👷 👈 👆 ✍ 🔑 🔗 ⚙️ 📁 📁 🔘 #️⃣ 🔠 🔢 🚚 🛣. + +& ⚫️ 🏗 🗄 🔗. + +👈 ❔ ⚫️ 👷 🏺, 💃, 🆘, ♒️. + +✋️ ⤴️, 👥 ✔️ 🔄 ⚠ ✔️ ◾-❕, 🔘 🐍 🎻 (🦏 📁). + +👨‍🎨 💪 🚫 ℹ 🌅 ⏮️ 👈. & 🚥 👥 🔀 🔢 ⚖️ 🍭 🔗 & 💭 🔀 👈 📁#️⃣, 🏗 🔗 🔜 ❌. + +!!! info + APISpec ✍ 🎏 🍭 👩‍💻. + + +!!! check "😮 **FastAPI** " + 🐕‍🦺 📂 🐩 🛠️, 🗄. + +### 🏺-Apispec + +⚫️ 🏺 🔌 -, 👈 👔 👯‍♂️ Webarg, 🍭 & APISpec. + +⚫️ ⚙️ ℹ ⚪️➡️ Webarg & 🍭 🔁 🏗 🗄 🔗, ⚙️ APISpec. + +⚫️ 👑 🧰, 📶 🔽-📈. ⚫️ 🔜 🌌 🌖 🌟 🌘 📚 🏺 🔌-🔌 👅 📤. ⚫️ 💪 ↩️ 🚮 🧾 ➖ 💁‍♂️ 🩲 & 📝. + +👉 ❎ ✔️ ✍ 📁 (➕1️⃣ ❕) 🔘 🐍 ✍. + +👉 🌀 🏺, 🏺-Apispec ⏮️ 🍭 & Webarg 👇 💕 👩‍💻 📚 ⏭ 🏗 **FastAPI**. + +⚙️ ⚫️ ↘️ 🏗 📚 🏺 🌕-📚 🚂. 👫 👑 📚 👤 (& 📚 🔢 🏉) ✔️ ⚙️ 🆙 🔜: + +* https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack +* https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchbase +* https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchdb + +& 👫 🎏 🌕-📚 🚂 🧢 [**FastAPI** 🏗 🚂](project-generation.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +!!! info + 🏺-Apispec ✍ 🎏 🍭 👩‍💻. + +!!! check "😮 **FastAPI** " + 🏗 🗄 🔗 🔁, ⚪️➡️ 🎏 📟 👈 🔬 🛠️ & 🔬. + +### NestJS (& 📐) + +👉 ➖🚫 🚫 🐍, NestJS 🕸 (📕) ✳ 🛠️ 😮 📐. + +⚫️ 🏆 🕳 🙁 🎏 ⚫️❔ 💪 🔨 ⏮️ 🏺-Apispec. + +⚫️ ✔️ 🛠️ 🔗 💉 ⚙️, 😮 📐 2️⃣. ⚫️ 🚚 🏤-® "💉" (💖 🌐 🎏 🔗 💉 ⚙️ 👤 💭),, ⚫️ 🚮 🎭 & 📟 🔁. + +🔢 🔬 ⏮️ 📕 🆎 (🎏 🐍 🆎 🔑), 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺 👍. + +✋️ 📕 📊 🚫 🛡 ⏮️ 📹 🕸, ⚫️ 🚫🔜 ⚓️ 🔛 🆎 🔬 🔬, 🛠️ & 🧾 🎏 🕰. ↩️ 👉 & 🔧 🚫, 🤚 🔬, 🛠️ & 🏧 🔗 ⚡, ⚫️ 💪 🚮 👨‍🎨 📚 🥉. , ⚫️ ▶️️ 🔁. + +⚫️ 💪 🚫 🍵 🔁 🏷 📶 👍. , 🚥 🎻 💪 📨 🎻 🎚 👈 ✔️ 🔘 🏑 👈 🔄 🐦 🎻 🎚, ⚫️ 🚫🔜 ☑ 📄 & ✔. + +!!! check "😮 **FastAPI** " + ⚙️ 🐍 🆎 ✔️ 👑 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺. + + ✔️ 🏋️ 🔗 💉 ⚙️. 🔎 🌌 📉 📟 🔁. + +### 🤣 + +⚫️ 🕐 🥇 📶 ⏩ 🐍 🛠️ ⚓️ 🔛 `asyncio`. ⚫️ ⚒ 📶 🎏 🏺. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + ⚫️ ⚙️ `uvloop` ↩️ 🔢 🐍 `asyncio` ➰. 👈 ⚫️❔ ⚒ ⚫️ ⏩. + + ⚫️ 🎯 😮 Uvicorn & 💃, 👈 ⏳ ⏩ 🌘 🤣 📂 📇. + +!!! check "😮 **FastAPI** " + 🔎 🌌 ✔️ 😜 🎭. + + 👈 ⚫️❔ **FastAPI** ⚓️ 🔛 💃, ⚫️ ⏩ 🛠️ 💪 (💯 🥉-🥳 📇). + +### 🦅 + +🦅 ➕1️⃣ ↕ 🎭 🐍 🛠️, ⚫️ 🔧 ⭐, & 👷 🏛 🎏 🛠️ 💖 🤗. + +⚫️ 🏗 ✔️ 🔢 👈 📨 2️⃣ 🔢, 1️⃣ "📨" & 1️⃣ "📨". ⤴️ 👆 "✍" 🍕 ⚪️➡️ 📨, & "✍" 🍕 📨. ↩️ 👉 🔧, ⚫️ 🚫 💪 📣 📨 🔢 & 💪 ⏮️ 🐩 🐍 🆎 🔑 🔢 🔢. + +, 💽 🔬, 🛠️, & 🧾, ✔️ ⌛ 📟, 🚫 🔁. ⚖️ 👫 ✔️ 🛠️ 🛠️ 🔛 🔝 🦅, 💖 🤗. 👉 🎏 🔺 🔨 🎏 🛠️ 👈 😮 🦅 🔧, ✔️ 1️⃣ 📨 🎚 & 1️⃣ 📨 🎚 🔢. + +!!! check "😮 **FastAPI** " + 🔎 🌌 🤚 👑 🎭. + + ⤴️ ⏮️ 🤗 (🤗 ⚓️ 🔛 🦅) 😮 **FastAPI** 📣 `response` 🔢 🔢. + + 👐 FastAPI ⚫️ 📦, & ⚙️ ✴️ ⚒ 🎚, 🍪, & 🎛 👔 📟. + +### ♨ + +👤 🔎 ♨ 🥇 ▶️ 🏗 **FastAPI**. & ⚫️ ✔️ 🎏 💭: + +* ⚓️ 🔛 🐍 🆎 🔑. +* 🔬 & 🧾 ⚪️➡️ 👫 🆎. +* 🔗 💉 ⚙️. + +⚫️ 🚫 ⚙️ 💽 🔬, 🛠️ & 🧾 🥉-🥳 🗃 💖 Pydantic, ⚫️ ✔️ 🚮 👍. , 👫 💽 🆎 🔑 🔜 🚫 ♻ 💪. + +⚫️ 🚚 🐥 🍖 🌅 🔁 📳. & ⚫️ ⚓️ 🔛 🇨🇻 (↩️ 🔫), ⚫️ 🚫 🔧 ✊ 📈 ↕-🎭 🚚 🧰 💖 Uvicorn, 💃 & 🤣. + +🔗 💉 ⚙️ 🚚 🏤-® 🔗 & 🔗 ❎ 🧢 🔛 📣 🆎. , ⚫️ 🚫 💪 📣 🌅 🌘 1️⃣ "🦲" 👈 🚚 🎯 🆎. + +🛣 📣 👁 🥉, ⚙️ 🔢 📣 🎏 🥉 (↩️ ⚙️ 👨‍🎨 👈 💪 🥉 ▶️️ 🔛 🔝 🔢 👈 🍵 🔗). 👉 🔐 ❔ ✳ 🔨 ⚫️ 🌘 ❔ 🏺 (& 💃) 🔨 ⚫️. ⚫️ 🎏 📟 👜 👈 📶 😆 🔗. + +!!! check "😮 **FastAPI** " + 🔬 ➕ 🔬 💽 🆎 ⚙️ "🔢" 💲 🏷 🔢. 👉 📉 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺, & ⚫️ 🚫 💪 Pydantic ⏭. + + 👉 🤙 😮 🛠️ 🍕 Pydantic, 🐕‍🦺 🎏 🔬 📄 👗 (🌐 👉 🛠️ 🔜 ⏪ 💪 Pydantic). + +### 🤗 + +🤗 🕐 🥇 🛠️ 🛠️ 📄 🛠️ 🔢 🆎 ⚙️ 🐍 🆎 🔑. 👉 👑 💭 👈 😮 🎏 🧰 🎏. + +⚫️ ⚙️ 🛃 🆎 🚮 📄 ↩️ 🐩 🐍 🆎, ✋️ ⚫️ 🦏 🔁 ⏩. + +⚫️ 🕐 🥇 🛠️ 🏗 🛃 🔗 📣 🎂 🛠️ 🎻. + +⚫️ 🚫 ⚓️ 🔛 🐩 💖 🗄 & 🎻 🔗. ⚫️ 🚫🔜 🎯 🛠️ ⚫️ ⏮️ 🎏 🧰, 💖 🦁 🎚. ✋️ 🔄, ⚫️ 📶 💡 💭. + +⚫️ ✔️ 😌, ⭐ ⚒: ⚙️ 🎏 🛠️, ⚫️ 💪 ✍ 🔗 & 🇳🇨. + +⚫️ ⚓️ 🔛 ⏮️ 🐩 🔁 🐍 🕸 🛠️ (🇨🇻), ⚫️ 💪 🚫 🍵 *️⃣ & 🎏 👜, 👐 ⚫️ ✔️ ↕ 🎭 💁‍♂️. + +!!! info + 🤗 ✍ ✡ 🗄, 🎏 👼 `isort`, 👑 🧰 🔁 😇 🗄 🐍 📁. + +!!! check "💭 😮 **FastAPI**" + 🤗 😮 🍕 APIStar, & 1️⃣ 🧰 👤 🔎 🏆 👍, 🌟 APIStar. + + 🤗 ℹ 😍 **FastAPI** ⚙️ 🐍 🆎 🔑 📣 🔢, & 🏗 🔗 ⚖ 🛠️ 🔁. + + 🤗 😮 **FastAPI** 📣 `response` 🔢 🔢 ⚒ 🎚 & 🍪. + +### APIStar (<= 0️⃣.5️⃣) + +▶️️ ⏭ 🤔 🏗 **FastAPI** 👤 🔎 **APIStar** 💽. ⚫️ ✔️ 🌖 🌐 👤 👀 & ✔️ 👑 🔧. + +⚫️ 🕐 🥇 🛠️ 🛠️ ⚙️ 🐍 🆎 🔑 📣 🔢 & 📨 👈 👤 ⏱ 👀 (⏭ NestJS & ♨). 👤 🔎 ⚫️ 🌅 ⚖️ 🌘 🎏 🕰 🤗. ✋️ APIStar ⚙️ 🗄 🐩. + +⚫️ ✔️ 🏧 💽 🔬, 💽 🛠️ & 🗄 🔗 ⚡ ⚓️ 🔛 🎏 🆎 🔑 📚 🥉. + +💪 🔗 🔑 🚫 ⚙️ 🎏 🐍 🆎 🔑 💖 Pydantic, ⚫️ 🍖 🌅 🎏 🍭,, 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺 🚫🔜 👍, ✋️, APIStar 🏆 💪 🎛. + +⚫️ ✔️ 🏆 🎭 📇 🕰 (🕴 💥 💃). + +🥇, ⚫️ 🚫 ✔️ 🏧 🛠️ 🧾 🕸 🎚, ✋️ 👤 💭 👤 💪 🚮 🦁 🎚 ⚫️. + +⚫️ ✔️ 🔗 💉 ⚙️. ⚫️ ✔ 🏤-® 🦲, 🎏 🧰 🔬 🔛. ✋️, ⚫️ 👑 ⚒. + +👤 🙅 💪 ⚙️ ⚫️ 🌕 🏗, ⚫️ 🚫 ✔️ 💂‍♂ 🛠️,, 👤 🚫 🚫 ❎ 🌐 ⚒ 👤 ✔️ ⏮️ 🌕-📚 🚂 ⚓️ 🔛 🏺-Apispec. 👤 ✔️ 👇 📈 🏗 ✍ 🚲 📨 ❎ 👈 🛠️. + +✋️ ⤴️, 🏗 🎯 🔀. + +⚫️ 🙅‍♂ 📏 🛠️ 🕸 🛠️, 👼 💪 🎯 🔛 💃. + +🔜 APIStar ⚒ 🧰 ✔ 🗄 🔧, 🚫 🕸 🛠️. + +!!! info + APIStar ✍ ✡ 🇺🇸🏛. 🎏 👨 👈 ✍: + + * ✳ 🎂 🛠️ + * 💃 (❔ **FastAPI** ⚓️) + * Uvicorn (⚙️ 💃 & **FastAPI**) + +!!! check "😮 **FastAPI** " + 🔀. + + 💭 📣 💗 👜 (💽 🔬, 🛠️ & 🧾) ⏮️ 🎏 🐍 🆎, 👈 🎏 🕰 🚚 👑 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺, 🕳 👤 🤔 💎 💭. + + & ⏮️ 🔎 📏 🕰 🎏 🛠️ & 🔬 📚 🎏 🎛, APIStar 🏆 🎛 💪. + + ⤴️ APIStar ⛔️ 🔀 💽 & 💃 ✍, & 🆕 👻 🏛 ✅ ⚙️. 👈 🏁 🌈 🏗 **FastAPI**. + + 👤 🤔 **FastAPI** "🛐 👨‍💼" APIStar, ⏪ 📉 & 📈 ⚒, ⌨ ⚙️, & 🎏 🍕, ⚓️ 🔛 🏫 ⚪️➡️ 🌐 👉 ⏮️ 🧰. + +## ⚙️ **FastAPI** + +### Pydantic + +Pydantic 🗃 🔬 💽 🔬, 🛠️ & 🧾 (⚙️ 🎻 🔗) ⚓️ 🔛 🐍 🆎 🔑. + +👈 ⚒ ⚫️ 📶 🏋️. + +⚫️ ⭐ 🍭. 👐 ⚫️ ⏩ 🌘 🍭 📇. & ⚫️ ⚓️ 🔛 🎏 🐍 🆎 🔑, 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺 👑. + +!!! check "**FastAPI** ⚙️ ⚫️" + 🍵 🌐 💽 🔬, 💽 🛠️ & 🏧 🏷 🧾 (⚓️ 🔛 🎻 🔗). + + **FastAPI** ⤴️ ✊ 👈 🎻 🔗 💽 & 🚮 ⚫️ 🗄, ↖️ ⚪️➡️ 🌐 🎏 👜 ⚫️ 🔨. + +### 💃 + +💃 💿 🔫 🛠️/🧰, ❔ 💯 🏗 ↕-🎭 ✳ 🐕‍🦺. + +⚫️ 📶 🙅 & 🏋️. ⚫️ 🔧 💪 🏧, & ✔️ 🔧 🦲. + +⚫️ ✔️: + +* 🤙 🎆 🎭. +* *️⃣ 🐕‍🦺. +* -🛠️ 🖥 📋. +* 🕴 & 🤫 🎉. +* 💯 👩‍💻 🏗 🔛 🇸🇲. +* ⚜, 🗜, 🎻 📁, 🎏 📨. +* 🎉 & 🍪 🐕‍🦺. +* 1️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ 💯 💯 💰. +* 1️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ 💯 🆎 ✍ ✍. +* 👩‍❤‍👨 🏋️ 🔗. + +💃 ⏳ ⏩ 🐍 🛠️ 💯. 🕴 💥 Uvicorn, ❔ 🚫 🛠️, ✋️ 💽. + +💃 🚚 🌐 🔰 🕸 🕸 🛠️. + +✋️ ⚫️ 🚫 🚚 🏧 💽 🔬, 🛠️ ⚖️ 🧾. + +👈 1️⃣ 👑 👜 👈 **FastAPI** 🚮 🔛 🔝, 🌐 ⚓️ 🔛 🐍 🆎 🔑 (⚙️ Pydantic). 👈, ➕ 🔗 💉 ⚙️, 💂‍♂ 🚙, 🗄 🔗 ⚡, ♒️. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 🔫 🆕 "🐩" ➖ 🛠️ ✳ 🐚 🏉 👨‍🎓. ⚫️ 🚫 "🐍 🐩" (🇩🇬), 👐 👫 🛠️ 🔨 👈. + + 👐, ⚫️ ⏪ ➖ ⚙️ "🐩" 📚 🧰. 👉 📉 📉 🛠️, 👆 💪 🎛 Uvicorn 🙆 🎏 🔫 💽 (💖 👸 ⚖️ Hypercorn), ⚖️ 👆 💪 🚮 🔫 🔗 🧰, 💖 `python-socketio`. + +!!! check "**FastAPI** ⚙️ ⚫️" + 🍵 🌐 🐚 🕸 🍕. ❎ ⚒ 🔛 🔝. + + 🎓 `FastAPI` ⚫️ 😖 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 🎓 `Starlette`. + + , 🕳 👈 👆 💪 ⏮️ 💃, 👆 💪 ⚫️ 🔗 ⏮️ **FastAPI**, ⚫️ 🌖 💃 🔛 💊. + +### Uvicorn + +Uvicorn 🌩-⏩ 🔫 💽, 🏗 🔛 uvloop & httptool. + +⚫️ 🚫 🕸 🛠️, ✋️ 💽. 🖼, ⚫️ 🚫 🚚 🧰 🕹 ➡. 👈 🕳 👈 🛠️ 💖 💃 (⚖️ **FastAPI**) 🔜 🚚 🔛 🔝. + +⚫️ 👍 💽 💃 & **FastAPI**. + +!!! check "**FastAPI** 👍 ⚫️" + 👑 🕸 💽 🏃 **FastAPI** 🈸. + + 👆 💪 🌀 ⚫️ ⏮️ 🐁, ✔️ 🔁 👁-🛠️ 💽. + + ✅ 🌅 ℹ [🛠️](deployment/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 📄. + +## 📇 & 🚅 + +🤔, 🔬, & 👀 🔺 🖖 Uvicorn, 💃 & FastAPI, ✅ 📄 🔃 [📇](benchmarks.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/async.md b/docs/em/docs/async.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ddcae1573 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/async.md @@ -0,0 +1,430 @@ +# 🛠️ & 🔁 / ⌛ + +ℹ 🔃 `async def` ❕ *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* & 🖥 🔃 🔁 📟, 🛠️, & 🔁. + +## 🏃 ❓ + +🆑;👩‍⚕️: + +🚥 👆 ⚙️ 🥉 🥳 🗃 👈 💬 👆 🤙 👫 ⏮️ `await`, 💖: + +```Python +results = await some_library() +``` + +⤴️, 📣 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* ⏮️ `async def` 💖: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +@app.get('/') +async def read_results(): + results = await some_library() + return results +``` + +!!! note + 👆 💪 🕴 ⚙️ `await` 🔘 🔢 ✍ ⏮️ `async def`. + +--- + +🚥 👆 ⚙️ 🥉 🥳 🗃 👈 🔗 ⏮️ 🕳 (💽, 🛠️, 📁 ⚙️, ♒️.) & 🚫 ✔️ 🐕‍🦺 ⚙️ `await`, (👉 ⏳ 💼 🌅 💽 🗃), ⤴️ 📣 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 🛎, ⏮️ `def`, 💖: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +@app.get('/') +def results(): + results = some_library() + return results +``` + +--- + +🚥 👆 🈸 (😫) 🚫 ✔️ 🔗 ⏮️ 🕳 🙆 & ⌛ ⚫️ 📨, ⚙️ `async def`. + +--- + +🚥 👆 🚫 💭, ⚙️ 😐 `def`. + +--- + +**🗒**: 👆 💪 🌀 `def` & `async def` 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 🌅 👆 💪 & 🔬 🔠 1️⃣ ⚙️ 🏆 🎛 👆. FastAPI 🔜 ▶️️ 👜 ⏮️ 👫. + +😆, 🙆 💼 🔛, FastAPI 🔜 👷 🔁 & 📶 ⏩. + +✋️ 📄 📶 🔛, ⚫️ 🔜 💪 🎭 🛠️. + +## 📡 ℹ + +🏛 ⏬ 🐍 ✔️ 🐕‍🦺 **"🔁 📟"** ⚙️ 🕳 🤙 **"🔁"**, ⏮️ **`async` & `await`** ❕. + +➡️ 👀 👈 🔤 🍕 📄 🔛: + +* **🔁 📟** +* **`async` & `await`** +* **🔁** + +## 🔁 📟 + +🔁 📟 ⛓ 👈 🇪🇸 👶 ✔️ 🌌 💬 💻 / 📋 👶 👈 ☝ 📟, ⚫️ 👶 🔜 ✔️ ⌛ *🕳 🙆* 🏁 👱 🙆. ➡️ 💬 👈 *🕳 🙆* 🤙 "🐌-📁" 👶. + +, ⏮️ 👈 🕰, 💻 💪 🚶 & 🎏 👷, ⏪ "🐌-📁" 👶 🏁. + +⤴️ 💻 / 📋 👶 🔜 👟 🔙 🔠 🕰 ⚫️ ✔️ 🤞 ↩️ ⚫️ ⌛ 🔄, ⚖️ 🕐❔ ⚫️ 👶 🏁 🌐 👷 ⚫️ ✔️ 👈 ☝. & ⚫️ 👶 🔜 👀 🚥 🙆 📋 ⚫️ ⌛ ✔️ ⏪ 🏁, 🤸 ⚫️❔ ⚫️ ✔️. + +⏭, ⚫️ 👶 ✊ 🥇 📋 🏁 (➡️ 💬, 👆 "🐌-📁" 👶) & 😣 ⚫️❔ ⚫️ ✔️ ⏮️ ⚫️. + +👈 "⌛ 🕳 🙆" 🛎 🔗 👤/🅾 🛠️ 👈 📶 "🐌" (🔬 🚅 🕹 & 💾 💾), 💖 ⌛: + +* 📊 ⚪️➡️ 👩‍💻 📨 🔘 🕸 +* 📊 📨 👆 📋 📨 👩‍💻 🔘 🕸 +* 🎚 📁 💾 ✍ ⚙️ & 🤝 👆 📋 +* 🎚 👆 📋 🤝 ⚙️ ✍ 💾 +* 🛰 🛠️ 🛠️ +* 💽 🛠️ 🏁 +* 💽 🔢 📨 🏁 +* ♒️. + +🛠️ 🕰 🍴 ✴️ ⌛ 👤/🅾 🛠️, 👫 🤙 👫 "👤/🅾 🔗" 🛠️. + +⚫️ 🤙 "🔁" ↩️ 💻 / 📋 🚫 ✔️ "🔁" ⏮️ 🐌 📋, ⌛ ☑ 🙍 👈 📋 🏁, ⏪ 🔨 🕳, 💪 ✊ 📋 🏁 & 😣 👷. + +↩️ 👈, 💆‍♂ "🔁" ⚙️, 🕐 🏁, 📋 💪 ⌛ ⏸ 🐥 👄 (⏲) 💻 / 📋 🏁 ⚫️❔ ⚫️ 🚶, & ⤴️ 👟 🔙 ✊ 🏁 & 😣 👷 ⏮️ 👫. + +"🔁" (👽 "🔁") 👫 🛎 ⚙️ ⚖ "🔁", ↩️ 💻 / 📋 ⏩ 🌐 📶 🔁 ⏭ 🔀 🎏 📋, 🚥 👈 🔁 🔌 ⌛. + +### 🛠️ & 🍔 + +👉 💭 **🔁** 📟 🔬 🔛 🕣 🤙 **"🛠️"**. ⚫️ 🎏 ⚪️➡️ **"🔁"**. + +**🛠️** & **🔁** 👯‍♂️ 🔗 "🎏 👜 😥 🌅 ⚖️ 🌘 🎏 🕰". + +✋️ ℹ 🖖 *🛠️* & *🔁* 🎏. + +👀 🔺, 🌈 📄 📖 🔃 🍔: + +### 🛠️ 🍔 + +👆 🚶 ⏮️ 👆 🥰 🤚 ⏩ 🥕, 👆 🧍 ⏸ ⏪ 🏧 ✊ ✔ ⚪️➡️ 👫👫 🚪 👆. 👶 + + + +⤴️ ⚫️ 👆 🔄, 👆 🥉 👆 ✔ 2️⃣ 📶 🎀 🍔 👆 🥰 & 👆. 👶 👶 + + + +🏧 💬 🕳 🍳 👨‍🍳 👫 💭 👫 ✔️ 🏗 👆 🍔 (✋️ 👫 ⏳ 🏗 🕐 ⏮️ 👩‍💻). + + + +👆 💸. 👶 + +🏧 🤝 👆 🔢 👆 🔄. + + + +⏪ 👆 ⌛, 👆 🚶 ⏮️ 👆 🥰 & ⚒ 🏓, 👆 🧎 & 💬 ⏮️ 👆 🥰 📏 🕰 (👆 🍔 📶 🎀 & ✊ 🕰 🏗). + +👆 🏖 🏓 ⏮️ 👆 🥰, ⏪ 👆 ⌛ 🍔, 👆 💪 💸 👈 🕰 😮 ❔ 👌, 🐨 & 🙃 👆 🥰 👶 👶 👶. + + + +⏪ ⌛ & 💬 👆 🥰, ⚪️➡️ 🕰 🕰, 👆 ✅ 🔢 🖥 🔛 ⏲ 👀 🚥 ⚫️ 👆 🔄 ⏪. + +⤴️ ☝, ⚫️ 😒 👆 🔄. 👆 🚶 ⏲, 🤚 👆 🍔 & 👟 🔙 🏓. + + + +👆 & 👆 🥰 🍴 🍔 & ✔️ 👌 🕰. 👶 + + + +!!! info + 🌹 🖼 👯 🍏. 👶 + +--- + +🌈 👆 💻 / 📋 👶 👈 📖. + +⏪ 👆 ⏸, 👆 ⛽ 👶, ⌛ 👆 🔄, 🚫 🔨 🕳 📶 "😌". ✋️ ⏸ ⏩ ↩️ 🏧 🕴 ✊ ✔ (🚫 🏗 👫), 👈 👌. + +⤴️, 🕐❔ ⚫️ 👆 🔄, 👆 ☑ "😌" 👷, 👆 🛠️ 🍣, 💭 ⚫️❔ 👆 💚, 🤚 👆 🥰 ⚒, 💸, ✅ 👈 👆 🤝 ☑ 💵 ⚖️ 💳, ✅ 👈 👆 🈚 ☑, ✅ 👈 ✔ ✔️ ☑ 🏬, ♒️. + +✋️ ⤴️, ✋️ 👆 🚫 ✔️ 👆 🍔, 👆 👷 ⏮️ 🏧 "🔛 ⏸" ⏸, ↩️ 👆 ✔️ ⌛ 👶 👆 🍔 🔜. + +✋️ 👆 🚶 ↖️ ⚪️➡️ ⏲ & 🧎 🏓 ⏮️ 🔢 👆 🔄, 👆 💪 🎛 👶 👆 🙋 👆 🥰, & "👷" 👶 👶 🔛 👈. ⤴️ 👆 🔄 🔨 🕳 📶 "😌" 😏 ⏮️ 👆 🥰 👶. + +⤴️ 🏧 👶 💬 "👤 🏁 ⏮️ 🔨 🍔" 🚮 👆 🔢 🔛 ⏲ 🖥, ✋️ 👆 🚫 🦘 💖 😜 ⏪ 🕐❔ 🖥 🔢 🔀 👆 🔄 🔢. 👆 💭 🙅‍♂ 1️⃣ 🔜 📎 👆 🍔 ↩️ 👆 ✔️ 🔢 👆 🔄, & 👫 ✔️ 👫. + +👆 ⌛ 👆 🥰 🏁 📖 (🏁 ⏮️ 👷 👶 / 📋 ➖ 🛠️ 👶), 😀 🖐 & 💬 👈 👆 🔜 🍔 ⏸. + +⤴️ 👆 🚶 ⏲ 👶, ▶️ 📋 👈 🔜 🏁 👶, ⚒ 🍔, 💬 👏 & ✊ 👫 🏓. 👈 🏁 👈 🔁 / 📋 🔗 ⏮️ ⏲ ⏹. 👈 🔄, ✍ 🆕 📋, "🍴 🍔" 👶 👶, ✋️ ⏮️ 1️⃣ "🤚 🍔" 🏁 ⏹. + +### 🔗 🍔 + +🔜 ➡️ 🌈 👫 ➖🚫 🚫 "🛠️ 🍔", ✋️ "🔗 🍔". + +👆 🚶 ⏮️ 👆 🥰 🤚 🔗 ⏩ 🥕. + +👆 🧍 ⏸ ⏪ 📚 (➡️ 💬 8️⃣) 🏧 👈 🎏 🕰 🍳 ✊ ✔ ⚪️➡️ 👫👫 🚪 👆. + +👱 ⏭ 👆 ⌛ 👫 🍔 🔜 ⏭ 🍂 ⏲ ↩️ 🔠 8️⃣ 🏧 🚶 & 🏗 🍔 ▶️️ ↖️ ⏭ 💆‍♂ ⏭ ✔. + + + +⤴️ ⚫️ 😒 👆 🔄, 👆 🥉 👆 ✔ 2️⃣ 📶 🎀 🍔 👆 🥰 & 👆. + +👆 💸 👶. + + + +🏧 🚶 👨‍🍳. + +👆 ⌛, 🧍 🚪 ⏲ 👶, 👈 🙅‍♂ 1️⃣ 🙆 ✊ 👆 🍔 ⏭ 👆, 📤 🙅‍♂ 🔢 🔄. + + + +👆 & 👆 🥰 😩 🚫 ➡️ 🙆 🤚 🚪 👆 & ✊ 👆 🍔 🕐❔ 👫 🛬, 👆 🚫🔜 💸 🙋 👆 🥰. 👶 + +👉 "🔁" 👷, 👆 "🔁" ⏮️ 🏧/🍳 👶 👶. 👆 ✔️ ⌛ 👶 & 📤 ☑ 🙍 👈 🏧/🍳 👶 👶 🏁 🍔 & 🤝 👫 👆, ⚖️ ⏪, 👱 🙆 💪 ✊ 👫. + + + +⤴️ 👆 🏧/🍳 👶 👶 😒 👟 🔙 ⏮️ 👆 🍔, ⏮️ 📏 🕰 ⌛ 👶 📤 🚪 ⏲. + + + +👆 ✊ 👆 🍔 & 🚶 🏓 ⏮️ 👆 🥰. + +👆 🍴 👫, & 👆 🔨. ⏹ + + + +📤 🚫 🌅 💬 ⚖️ 😏 🌅 🕰 💸 ⌛ 👶 🚪 ⏲. 👶 + +!!! info + 🌹 🖼 👯 🍏. 👶 + +--- + +👉 😐 🔗 🍔, 👆 💻 / 📋 👶 ⏮️ 2️⃣ 🕹 (👆 & 👆 🥰), 👯‍♂️ ⌛ 👶 & 💡 👫 🙋 👶 "⌛ 🔛 ⏲" 👶 📏 🕰. + +⏩ 🥕 🏪 ✔️ 8️⃣ 🕹 (🏧/🍳). ⏪ 🛠️ 🍔 🏪 💪 ✔️ ✔️ 🕴 2️⃣ (1️⃣ 🏧 & 1️⃣ 🍳). + +✋️, 🏁 💡 🚫 🏆. 👶 + +--- + +👉 🔜 🔗 🌓 📖 🍔. 👶 + +🌅 "🎰 👨‍❤‍👨" 🖼 👉, 🌈 🏦. + +🆙 ⏳, 🏆 🏦 ✔️ 💗 🏧 👶 👶 👶 👶 👶 👶 👶 👶 & 🦏 ⏸ 👶 👶 👶 👶 👶 👶 👶 👶. + +🌐 🏧 🔨 🌐 👷 ⏮️ 1️⃣ 👩‍💻 ⏮️ 🎏 👶 👶 👶. + +& 👆 ✔️ ⌛ 👶 ⏸ 📏 🕰 ⚖️ 👆 💸 👆 🔄. + +👆 🎲 🚫🔜 💚 ✊ 👆 🥰 👶 ⏮️ 👆 👷 🏦 👶. + +### 🍔 🏁 + +👉 😐 "⏩ 🥕 🍔 ⏮️ 👆 🥰", 📤 📚 ⌛ 👶, ⚫️ ⚒ 📚 🌅 🔑 ✔️ 🛠️ ⚙️ ⏸ 👶 👶. + +👉 💼 🌅 🕸 🈸. + +📚, 📚 👩‍💻, ✋️ 👆 💽 ⌛ 👶 👫 🚫--👍 🔗 📨 👫 📨. + +& ⤴️ ⌛ 👶 🔄 📨 👟 🔙. + +👉 "⌛" 👶 ⚖ ⏲, ✋️, ⚖ ⚫️ 🌐, ⚫️ 📚 ⌛ 🔚. + +👈 ⚫️❔ ⚫️ ⚒ 📚 🔑 ⚙️ 🔁 ⏸ 👶 👶 📟 🕸 🔗. + +👉 😇 🔀 ⚫️❔ ⚒ ✳ 🌟 (✋️ ✳ 🚫 🔗) & 👈 💪 🚶 🛠️ 🇪🇸. + +& 👈 🎏 🎚 🎭 👆 🤚 ⏮️ **FastAPI**. + +& 👆 💪 ✔️ 🔁 & 🔀 🎏 🕰, 👆 🤚 ↕ 🎭 🌘 🌅 💯 ✳ 🛠️ & 🔛 🇷🇪 ⏮️ 🚶, ❔ ✍ 🇪🇸 🔐 🅱 (🌐 👏 💃). + +### 🛠️ 👍 🌘 🔁 ❓ + +😆 ❗ 👈 🚫 🛐 📖. + +🛠️ 🎏 🌘 🔁. & ⚫️ 👻 🔛 **🎯** 😐 👈 🔌 📚 ⌛. ↩️ 👈, ⚫️ 🛎 📚 👍 🌘 🔁 🕸 🈸 🛠️. ✋️ 🚫 🌐. + +, ⚖ 👈 👅, 🌈 📄 📏 📖: + +> 👆 ✔️ 🧹 🦏, 💩 🏠. + +*😆, 👈 🎂 📖*. + +--- + +📤 🙅‍♂ ⌛ 👶 🙆, 📚 👷 🔨, 🔛 💗 🥉 🏠. + +👆 💪 ✔️ 🔄 🍔 🖼, 🥇 🏠 🧖‍♂, ⤴️ 👨‍🍳, ✋️ 👆 🚫 ⌛ 👶 🕳, 🧹 & 🧹, 🔄 🚫🔜 📉 🕳. + +⚫️ 🔜 ✊ 🎏 💸 🕰 🏁 ⏮️ ⚖️ 🍵 🔄 (🛠️) & 👆 🔜 ✔️ ⌛ 🎏 💸 👷. + +✋️ 👉 💼, 🚥 👆 💪 ✊️ 8️⃣ 👰-🏧/🍳/🔜-🧹, & 🔠 1️⃣ 👫 (➕ 👆) 💪 ✊ 🏒 🏠 🧹 ⚫️, 👆 💪 🌐 👷 **🔗**, ⏮️ ➕ ℹ, & 🏁 🌅 🔜. + +👉 😐, 🔠 1️⃣ 🧹 (🔌 👆) 🔜 🕹, 🤸 👫 🍕 👨‍🏭. + +& 🏆 🛠️ 🕰 ✊ ☑ 👷 (↩️ ⌛), & 👷 💻 ⌛ 💽, 👫 🤙 👫 ⚠ "💽 🎁". + +--- + +⚠ 🖼 💽 🔗 🛠️ 👜 👈 🚚 🏗 🧪 🏭. + +🖼: + +* **🎧** ⚖️ **🖼 🏭**. +* **💻 👓**: 🖼 ✍ 💯 🔅, 🔠 🔅 ✔️ 3️⃣ 💲 / 🎨, 🏭 👈 🛎 🚚 💻 🕳 🔛 📚 🔅, 🌐 🎏 🕰. +* **🎰 🏫**: ⚫️ 🛎 🚚 📚 "✖" & "🖼" ✖. 💭 🦏 📋 ⏮️ 🔢 & ✖ 🌐 👫 👯‍♂️ 🎏 🕰. +* **⏬ 🏫**: 👉 🎧-🏑 🎰 🏫,, 🎏 ✔. ⚫️ 👈 📤 🚫 👁 📋 🔢 ✖, ✋️ 🦏 ⚒ 👫, & 📚 💼, 👆 ⚙️ 🎁 🕹 🏗 & / ⚖️ ⚙️ 👈 🏷. + +### 🛠️ ➕ 🔁: 🕸 ➕ 🎰 🏫 + +⏮️ **FastAPI** 👆 💪 ✊ 📈 🛠️ 👈 📶 ⚠ 🕸 🛠️ (🎏 👑 🧲 ✳). + +✋️ 👆 💪 🐄 💰 🔁 & 💾 (✔️ 💗 🛠️ 🏃‍♂ 🔗) **💽 🎁** ⚖ 💖 👈 🎰 🏫 ⚙️. + +👈, ➕ 🙅 👐 👈 🐍 👑 🇪🇸 **💽 🧪**, 🎰 🏫 & ✴️ ⏬ 🏫, ⚒ FastAPI 📶 👍 🏏 💽 🧪 / 🎰 🏫 🕸 🔗 & 🈸 (👪 📚 🎏). + +👀 ❔ 🏆 👉 🔁 🏭 👀 📄 🔃 [🛠️](deployment/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## `async` & `await` + +🏛 ⏬ 🐍 ✔️ 📶 🏋️ 🌌 🔬 🔁 📟. 👉 ⚒ ⚫️ 👀 💖 😐 "🔁" 📟 & "⌛" 👆 ▶️️ 🙍. + +🕐❔ 📤 🛠️ 👈 🔜 🚚 ⌛ ⏭ 🤝 🏁 & ✔️ 🐕‍🦺 👉 🆕 🐍 ⚒, 👆 💪 📟 ⚫️ 💖: + +```Python +burgers = await get_burgers(2) +``` + +🔑 📥 `await`. ⚫️ 💬 🐍 👈 ⚫️ ✔️ ⌛ ⏸ `get_burgers(2)` 🏁 🔨 🚮 👜 👶 ⏭ ♻ 🏁 `burgers`. ⏮️ 👈, 🐍 🔜 💭 👈 ⚫️ 💪 🚶 & 🕳 🙆 👶 👶 👐 (💖 📨 ➕1️⃣ 📨). + +`await` 👷, ⚫️ ✔️ 🔘 🔢 👈 🐕‍🦺 👉 🔀. 👈, 👆 📣 ⚫️ ⏮️ `async def`: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +async def get_burgers(number: int): + # Do some asynchronous stuff to create the burgers + return burgers +``` + +...↩️ `def`: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +# This is not asynchronous +def get_sequential_burgers(number: int): + # Do some sequential stuff to create the burgers + return burgers +``` + +⏮️ `async def`, 🐍 💭 👈, 🔘 👈 🔢, ⚫️ ✔️ 🤔 `await` 🧬, & 👈 ⚫️ 💪 "⏸" ⏸ 🛠️ 👈 🔢 & 🚶 🕳 🙆 👶 ⏭ 👟 🔙. + +🕐❔ 👆 💚 🤙 `async def` 🔢, 👆 ✔️ "⌛" ⚫️. , 👉 🏆 🚫 👷: + +```Python +# This won't work, because get_burgers was defined with: async def +burgers = get_burgers(2) +``` + +--- + +, 🚥 👆 ⚙️ 🗃 👈 💬 👆 👈 👆 💪 🤙 ⚫️ ⏮️ `await`, 👆 💪 ✍ *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 👈 ⚙️ ⚫️ ⏮️ `async def`, 💖: + +```Python hl_lines="2-3" +@app.get('/burgers') +async def read_burgers(): + burgers = await get_burgers(2) + return burgers +``` + +### 🌅 📡 ℹ + +👆 💪 ✔️ 👀 👈 `await` 💪 🕴 ⚙️ 🔘 🔢 🔬 ⏮️ `async def`. + +✋️ 🎏 🕰, 🔢 🔬 ⏮️ `async def` ✔️ "⌛". , 🔢 ⏮️ `async def` 💪 🕴 🤙 🔘 🔢 🔬 ⏮️ `async def` 💁‍♂️. + +, 🔃 🥚 & 🐔, ❔ 👆 🤙 🥇 `async` 🔢 ❓ + +🚥 👆 👷 ⏮️ **FastAPI** 👆 🚫 ✔️ 😟 🔃 👈, ↩️ 👈 "🥇" 🔢 🔜 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, & FastAPI 🔜 💭 ❔ ▶️️ 👜. + +✋️ 🚥 👆 💚 ⚙️ `async` / `await` 🍵 FastAPI, 👆 💪 ⚫️ 👍. + +### ✍ 👆 👍 🔁 📟 + +💃 (& **FastAPI**) ⚓️ 🔛 AnyIO, ❔ ⚒ ⚫️ 🔗 ⏮️ 👯‍♂️ 🐍 🐩 🗃 ✳ & 🎻. + +🎯, 👆 💪 🔗 ⚙️ AnyIO 👆 🏧 🛠️ ⚙️ 💼 👈 🚚 🌅 🏧 ⚓ 👆 👍 📟. + +& 🚥 👆 🚫 ⚙️ FastAPI, 👆 💪 ✍ 👆 👍 🔁 🈸 ⏮️ AnyIO 🏆 🔗 & 🤚 🚮 💰 (✅ *📊 🛠️*). + +### 🎏 📨 🔁 📟 + +👉 👗 ⚙️ `async` & `await` 📶 🆕 🇪🇸. + +✋️ ⚫️ ⚒ 👷 ⏮️ 🔁 📟 📚 ⏩. + +👉 🎏 ❕ (⚖️ 🌖 🌓) 🔌 ⏳ 🏛 ⏬ 🕸 (🖥 & ✳). + +✋️ ⏭ 👈, 🚚 🔁 📟 🌖 🏗 & ⚠. + +⏮️ ⏬ 🐍, 👆 💪 ✔️ ⚙️ 🧵 ⚖️ 🐁. ✋️ 📟 🌌 🌖 🏗 🤔, ℹ, & 💭 🔃. + +⏮️ ⏬ ✳ / 🖥 🕸, 👆 🔜 ✔️ ⚙️ "⏲". ❔ ↘️ ⏲ 🔥😈. + +## 🔁 + +**🔁** 📶 🎀 ⚖ 👜 📨 `async def` 🔢. 🐍 💭 👈 ⚫️ 🕳 💖 🔢 👈 ⚫️ 💪 ▶️ & 👈 ⚫️ 🔜 🔚 ☝, ✋️ 👈 ⚫️ 5️⃣📆 ⏸ ⏸ 🔘 💁‍♂️, 🕐❔ 📤 `await` 🔘 ⚫️. + +✋️ 🌐 👉 🛠️ ⚙️ 🔁 📟 ⏮️ `async` & `await` 📚 🕰 🔬 ⚙️ "🔁". ⚫️ ⭐ 👑 🔑 ⚒ 🚶, "🔁". + +## 🏁 + +➡️ 👀 🎏 🔤 ⚪️➡️ 🔛: + +> 🏛 ⏬ 🐍 ✔️ 🐕‍🦺 **"🔁 📟"** ⚙️ 🕳 🤙 **"🔁"**, ⏮️ **`async` & `await`** ❕. + +👈 🔜 ⚒ 🌅 🔑 🔜. 👶 + +🌐 👈 ⚫️❔ 🏋️ FastAPI (🔘 💃) & ⚫️❔ ⚒ ⚫️ ✔️ ✅ 🎆 🎭. + +## 📶 📡 ℹ + +!!! warning + 👆 💪 🎲 🚶 👉. + + 👉 📶 📡 ℹ ❔ **FastAPI** 👷 🔘. + + 🚥 👆 ✔️ 📡 💡 (🈶-🏋, 🧵, 🍫, ♒️.) & 😟 🔃 ❔ FastAPI 🍵 `async def` 🆚 😐 `def`, 🚶 ⤴️. + +### ➡ 🛠️ 🔢 + +🕐❔ 👆 📣 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* ⏮️ 😐 `def` ↩️ `async def`, ⚫️ 🏃 🔢 🧵 👈 ⤴️ ⌛, ↩️ ➖ 🤙 🔗 (⚫️ 🔜 🍫 💽). + +🚥 👆 👟 ⚪️➡️ ➕1️⃣ 🔁 🛠️ 👈 🔨 🚫 👷 🌌 🔬 🔛 & 👆 ⚙️ ⚖ 🙃 📊-🕴 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* ⏮️ ✅ `def` 🤪 🎭 📈 (🔃 1️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ 💓), 🙏 🗒 👈 **FastAPI** ⭐ 🔜 🔄. 👫 💼, ⚫️ 👻 ⚙️ `async def` 🚥 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* ⚙️ 📟 👈 🎭 🚧 👤/🅾. + +, 👯‍♂️ ⚠, 🤞 👈 **FastAPI** 🔜 [⏩](/#performance){.internal-link target=_blank} 🌘 (⚖️ 🌘 ⭐) 👆 ⏮️ 🛠️. + +### 🔗 + +🎏 ✔ [🔗](./tutorial/dependencies/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🚥 🔗 🐩 `def` 🔢 ↩️ `async def`, ⚫️ 🏃 🔢 🧵. + +### 🎧-🔗 + +👆 💪 ✔️ 💗 🔗 & [🎧-🔗](./tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 🚫 🔠 🎏 (🔢 🔢 🔑), 👫 💪 ✍ ⏮️ `async def` & ⏮️ 😐 `def`. ⚫️ 🔜 👷, & 🕐 ✍ ⏮️ 😐 `def` 🔜 🤙 🔛 🔢 🧵 (⚪️➡️ 🧵) ↩️ ➖ "⌛". + +### 🎏 🚙 🔢 + +🙆 🎏 🚙 🔢 👈 👆 🤙 🔗 💪 ✍ ⏮️ 😐 `def` ⚖️ `async def` & FastAPI 🏆 🚫 📉 🌌 👆 🤙 ⚫️. + +👉 🔅 🔢 👈 FastAPI 🤙 👆: *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* & 🔗. + +🚥 👆 🚙 🔢 😐 🔢 ⏮️ `def`, ⚫️ 🔜 🤙 🔗 (👆 ✍ ⚫️ 👆 📟), 🚫 🧵, 🚥 🔢 ✍ ⏮️ `async def` ⤴️ 👆 🔜 `await` 👈 🔢 🕐❔ 👆 🤙 ⚫️ 👆 📟. + +--- + +🔄, 👉 📶 📡 ℹ 👈 🔜 🎲 ⚠ 🚥 👆 👟 🔎 👫. + +⏪, 👆 🔜 👍 ⏮️ 📄 ⚪️➡️ 📄 🔛: 🏃 ❓. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/benchmarks.md b/docs/em/docs/benchmarks.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..003c3f62d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/benchmarks.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +# 📇 + +🔬 🇸🇲 📇 🎦 **FastAPI** 🈸 🏃‍♂ 🔽 Uvicorn 1️⃣ ⏩ 🐍 🛠️ 💪, 🕴 🔛 💃 & Uvicorn 👫 (⚙️ 🔘 FastAPI). (*) + +✋️ 🕐❔ ✅ 📇 & 🔺 👆 🔜 ✔️ 📄 🤯. + +## 📇 & 🚅 + +🕐❔ 👆 ✅ 📇, ⚫️ ⚠ 👀 📚 🧰 🎏 🆎 🔬 🌓. + +🎯, 👀 Uvicorn, 💃 & FastAPI 🔬 👯‍♂️ (👪 📚 🎏 🧰). + +🙅 ⚠ ❎ 🧰, 👍 🎭 ⚫️ 🔜 🤚. & 🏆 📇 🚫 💯 🌖 ⚒ 🚚 🧰. + +🔗 💖: + +* **Uvicorn**: 🔫 💽 + * **💃**: (⚙️ Uvicorn) 🕸 🕸 + * **FastAPI**: (⚙️ 💃) 🛠️ 🕸 ⏮️ 📚 🌖 ⚒ 🏗 🔗, ⏮️ 💽 🔬, ♒️. + +* **Uvicorn**: + * 🔜 ✔️ 🏆 🎭, ⚫️ 🚫 ✔️ 🌅 ➕ 📟 ↖️ ⚪️➡️ 💽 ⚫️. + * 👆 🚫🔜 ✍ 🈸 Uvicorn 🔗. 👈 🔜 ⛓ 👈 👆 📟 🔜 ✔️ 🔌 🌖 ⚖️ 🌘, 🌘, 🌐 📟 🚚 💃 (⚖️ **FastAPI**). & 🚥 👆 👈, 👆 🏁 🈸 🔜 ✔️ 🎏 🌥 ✔️ ⚙️ 🛠️ & 📉 👆 📱 📟 & 🐛. + * 🚥 👆 ⚖ Uvicorn, 🔬 ⚫️ 🛡 👸, Hypercorn, ✳, ♒️. 🈸 💽. +* **💃**: + * 🔜 ✔️ ⏭ 🏆 🎭, ⏮️ Uvicorn. 👐, 💃 ⚙️ Uvicorn 🏃. , ⚫️ 🎲 💪 🕴 🤚 "🐌" 🌘 Uvicorn ✔️ 🛠️ 🌅 📟. + * ✋️ ⚫️ 🚚 👆 🧰 🏗 🙅 🕸 🈸, ⏮️ 🕹 ⚓️ 🔛 ➡, ♒️. + * 🚥 👆 ⚖ 💃, 🔬 ⚫️ 🛡 🤣, 🏺, ✳, ♒️. 🕸 🛠️ (⚖️ 🕸). +* **FastAPI**: + * 🎏 🌌 👈 💃 ⚙️ Uvicorn & 🚫🔜 ⏩ 🌘 ⚫️, **FastAPI** ⚙️ 💃, ⚫️ 🚫🔜 ⏩ 🌘 ⚫️. + * FastAPI 🚚 🌅 ⚒ 🔛 🔝 💃. ⚒ 👈 👆 🌖 🕧 💪 🕐❔ 🏗 🔗, 💖 💽 🔬 & 🛠️. & ⚙️ ⚫️, 👆 🤚 🏧 🧾 🆓 (🏧 🧾 🚫 🚮 🌥 🏃‍♂ 🈸, ⚫️ 🏗 🔛 🕴). + * 🚥 👆 🚫 ⚙️ FastAPI & ⚙️ 💃 🔗 (⚖️ ➕1️⃣ 🧰, 💖 🤣, 🏺, 🆘, ♒️) 👆 🔜 ✔️ 🛠️ 🌐 💽 🔬 & 🛠️ 👆. , 👆 🏁 🈸 🔜 ✔️ 🎏 🌥 🚥 ⚫️ 🏗 ⚙️ FastAPI. & 📚 💼, 👉 💽 🔬 & 🛠️ 🦏 💸 📟 ✍ 🈸. + * , ⚙️ FastAPI 👆 ♻ 🛠️ 🕰, 🐛, ⏸ 📟, & 👆 🔜 🎲 🤚 🎏 🎭 (⚖️ 👍) 👆 🔜 🚥 👆 🚫 ⚙️ ⚫️ (👆 🔜 ✔️ 🛠️ ⚫️ 🌐 👆 📟). + * 🚥 👆 ⚖ FastAPI, 🔬 ⚫️ 🛡 🕸 🈸 🛠️ (⚖️ ⚒ 🧰) 👈 🚚 💽 🔬, 🛠️ & 🧾, 💖 🏺-apispec, NestJS, ♨, ♒️. 🛠️ ⏮️ 🛠️ 🏧 💽 🔬, 🛠️ & 🧾. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/contributing.md b/docs/em/docs/contributing.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..748928f88 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/contributing.md @@ -0,0 +1,465 @@ +# 🛠️ - 📉 + +🥇, 👆 💪 💚 👀 🔰 🌌 [ℹ FastAPI & 🤚 ℹ](help-fastapi.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## 🛠️ + +🚥 👆 ⏪ 🖖 🗃 & 👆 💭 👈 👆 💪 ⏬ 🤿 📟, 📥 📄 ⚒ 🆙 👆 🌐. + +### 🕹 🌐 ⏮️ `venv` + +👆 💪 ✍ 🕹 🌐 📁 ⚙️ 🐍 `venv` 🕹: + +
+ +```console +$ python -m venv env +``` + +
+ +👈 🔜 ✍ 📁 `./env/` ⏮️ 🐍 💱 & ⤴️ 👆 🔜 💪 ❎ 📦 👈 ❎ 🌐. + +### 🔓 🌐 + +🔓 🆕 🌐 ⏮️: + +=== "💾, 🇸🇻" + +
+ + ```console + $ source ./env/bin/activate + ``` + +
+ +=== "🚪 📋" + +
+ + ```console + $ .\env\Scripts\Activate.ps1 + ``` + +
+ +=== "🚪 🎉" + + ⚖️ 🚥 👆 ⚙️ 🎉 🖥 (✅ 🐛 🎉): + +
+ + ```console + $ source ./env/Scripts/activate + ``` + +
+ +✅ ⚫️ 👷, ⚙️: + +=== "💾, 🇸🇻, 🚪 🎉" + +
+ + ```console + $ which pip + + some/directory/fastapi/env/bin/pip + ``` + +
+ +=== "🚪 📋" + +
+ + ```console + $ Get-Command pip + + some/directory/fastapi/env/bin/pip + ``` + +
+ +🚥 ⚫️ 🎦 `pip` 💱 `env/bin/pip` ⤴️ ⚫️ 👷. 👶 + +⚒ 💭 👆 ✔️ 📰 🐖 ⏬ 🔛 👆 🕹 🌐 ❎ ❌ 🔛 ⏭ 📶: + +
+ +```console +$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +!!! tip + 🔠 🕰 👆 ❎ 🆕 📦 ⏮️ `pip` 🔽 👈 🌐, 🔓 🌐 🔄. + + 👉 ⚒ 💭 👈 🚥 👆 ⚙️ 📶 📋 ❎ 👈 📦, 👆 ⚙️ 1️⃣ ⚪️➡️ 👆 🇧🇿 🌐 & 🚫 🙆 🎏 👈 💪 ❎ 🌐. + +### 🐖 + +⏮️ 🔓 🌐 🔬 🔛: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install -r requirements.txt + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +⚫️ 🔜 ❎ 🌐 🔗 & 👆 🇧🇿 FastAPI 👆 🇧🇿 🌐. + +#### ⚙️ 👆 🇧🇿 FastAPI + +🚥 👆 ✍ 🐍 📁 👈 🗄 & ⚙️ FastAPI, & 🏃 ⚫️ ⏮️ 🐍 ⚪️➡️ 👆 🇧🇿 🌐, ⚫️ 🔜 ⚙️ 👆 🇧🇿 FastAPI ℹ 📟. + +& 🚥 👆 ℹ 👈 🇧🇿 FastAPI ℹ 📟, ⚫️ ❎ ⏮️ `-e`, 🕐❔ 👆 🏃 👈 🐍 📁 🔄, ⚫️ 🔜 ⚙️ 🍋 ⏬ FastAPI 👆 ✍. + +👈 🌌, 👆 🚫 ✔️ "❎" 👆 🇧🇿 ⏬ 💪 💯 🔠 🔀. + +### 📁 + +📤 ✍ 👈 👆 💪 🏃 👈 🔜 📁 & 🧹 🌐 👆 📟: + +
+ +```console +$ bash scripts/format.sh +``` + +
+ +⚫️ 🔜 🚘-😇 🌐 👆 🗄. + +⚫️ 😇 👫 ☑, 👆 💪 ✔️ FastAPI ❎ 🌐 👆 🌐, ⏮️ 📋 📄 🔛 ⚙️ `-e`. + +## 🩺 + +🥇, ⚒ 💭 👆 ⚒ 🆙 👆 🌐 🔬 🔛, 👈 🔜 ❎ 🌐 📄. + +🧾 ⚙️ ⬜. + +& 📤 ➕ 🧰/✍ 🥉 🍵 ✍ `./scripts/docs.py`. + +!!! tip + 👆 🚫 💪 👀 📟 `./scripts/docs.py`, 👆 ⚙️ ⚫️ 📋 ⏸. + +🌐 🧾 ✍ 📁 📁 `./docs/en/`. + +📚 🔰 ✔️ 🍫 📟. + +🌅 💼, 👫 🍫 📟 ☑ 🏁 🈸 👈 💪 🏃. + +👐, 👈 🍫 📟 🚫 ✍ 🔘 ✍, 👫 🐍 📁 `./docs_src/` 📁. + +& 👈 🐍 📁 🔌/💉 🧾 🕐❔ 🏭 🕸. + +### 🩺 💯 + +🏆 💯 🤙 🏃 🛡 🖼 ℹ 📁 🧾. + +👉 ℹ ⚒ 💭 👈: + +* 🧾 🆙 📅. +* 🧾 🖼 💪 🏃. +* 🌅 ⚒ 📔 🧾, 🚚 💯 💰. + +⏮️ 🇧🇿 🛠️, 📤 ✍ 👈 🏗 🕸 & ✅ 🙆 🔀, 🖖-🔫: + +
+ +```console +$ python ./scripts/docs.py live + +[INFO] Serving on http://127.0.0.1:8008 +[INFO] Start watching changes +[INFO] Start detecting changes +``` + +
+ +⚫️ 🔜 🍦 🧾 🔛 `http://127.0.0.1:8008`. + +👈 🌌, 👆 💪 ✍ 🧾/ℹ 📁 & 👀 🔀 🖖. + +#### 🏎 ✳ (📦) + +👩‍🌾 📥 🎦 👆 ❔ ⚙️ ✍ `./scripts/docs.py` ⏮️ `python` 📋 🔗. + +✋️ 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🏎 ✳, & 👆 🔜 🤚 ✍ 👆 📶 📋 ⏮️ ❎ 🛠️. + +🚥 👆 ❎ 🏎 ✳, 👆 💪 ❎ 🛠️ ⏮️: + +
+ +```console +$ typer --install-completion + +zsh completion installed in /home/user/.bashrc. +Completion will take effect once you restart the terminal. +``` + +
+ +### 📱 & 🩺 🎏 🕰 + +🚥 👆 🏃 🖼 ⏮️, ✅: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn tutorial001:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +Uvicorn 🔢 🔜 ⚙️ ⛴ `8000`, 🧾 🔛 ⛴ `8008` 🏆 🚫 ⚔. + +### ✍ + +ℹ ⏮️ ✍ 📶 🌅 👍 ❗ & ⚫️ 💪 🚫 🔨 🍵 ℹ ⚪️➡️ 👪. 👶 👶 + +📥 📶 ℹ ⏮️ ✍. + +#### 💁‍♂ & 📄 + +* ✅ ⏳ ♻ 🚲 📨 👆 🇪🇸 & 🚮 📄 ✔ 🔀 ⚖️ ✔ 👫. + +!!! tip + 👆 💪 🚮 🏤 ⏮️ 🔀 🔑 ♻ 🚲 📨. + + ✅ 🩺 🔃 ❎ 🚲 📨 📄 ✔ ⚫️ ⚖️ 📨 🔀. + +* ✅ ❔ 👀 🚥 📤 1️⃣ 🛠️ ✍ 👆 🇪🇸. + +* 🚮 👁 🚲 📨 📍 📃 💬. 👈 🔜 ⚒ ⚫️ 🌅 ⏩ 🎏 📄 ⚫️. + +🇪🇸 👤 🚫 💬, 👤 🔜 ⌛ 📚 🎏 📄 ✍ ⏭ 🔗. + +* 👆 💪 ✅ 🚥 📤 ✍ 👆 🇪🇸 & 🚮 📄 👫, 👈 🔜 ℹ 👤 💭 👈 ✍ ☑ & 👤 💪 🔗 ⚫️. + +* ⚙️ 🎏 🐍 🖼 & 🕴 💬 ✍ 🩺. 👆 🚫 ✔️ 🔀 🕳 👉 👷. + +* ⚙️ 🎏 🖼, 📁 📛, & 🔗. 👆 🚫 ✔️ 🔀 🕳 ⚫️ 👷. + +* ✅ 2️⃣-🔤 📟 🇪🇸 👆 💚 💬 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🏓 📇 💾 6️⃣3️⃣9️⃣-1️⃣ 📟. + +#### ♻ 🇪🇸 + +➡️ 💬 👆 💚 💬 📃 🇪🇸 👈 ⏪ ✔️ ✍ 📃, 💖 🇪🇸. + +💼 🇪🇸, 2️⃣-🔤 📟 `es`. , 📁 🇪🇸 ✍ 🔎 `docs/es/`. + +!!! tip + 👑 ("🛂") 🇪🇸 🇪🇸, 🔎 `docs/en/`. + +🔜 🏃 🖖 💽 🩺 🇪🇸: + +
+ +```console +// Use the command "live" and pass the language code as a CLI argument +$ python ./scripts/docs.py live es + +[INFO] Serving on http://127.0.0.1:8008 +[INFO] Start watching changes +[INFO] Start detecting changes +``` + +
+ +🔜 👆 💪 🚶 http://127.0.0.1:8008 & 👀 👆 🔀 🖖. + +🚥 👆 👀 FastAPI 🩺 🕸, 👆 🔜 👀 👈 🔠 🇪🇸 ✔️ 🌐 📃. ✋️ 📃 🚫 💬 & ✔️ 📨 🔃 ❌ ✍. + +✋️ 🕐❔ 👆 🏃 ⚫️ 🌐 💖 👉, 👆 🔜 🕴 👀 📃 👈 ⏪ 💬. + +🔜 ➡️ 💬 👈 👆 💚 🚮 ✍ 📄 [⚒](features.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +* 📁 📁: + +``` +docs/en/docs/features.md +``` + +* 📋 ⚫️ ⚫️❔ 🎏 🗺 ✋️ 🇪🇸 👆 💚 💬, ✅: + +``` +docs/es/docs/features.md +``` + +!!! tip + 👀 👈 🕴 🔀 ➡ & 📁 📛 🇪🇸 📟, ⚪️➡️ `en` `es`. + +* 🔜 📂 ⬜ 📁 📁 🇪🇸: + +``` +docs/en/mkdocs.yml +``` + +* 🔎 🥉 🌐❔ 👈 `docs/features.md` 🔎 📁 📁. 👱 💖: + +```YAML hl_lines="8" +site_name: FastAPI +# More stuff +nav: +- FastAPI: index.md +- Languages: + - en: / + - es: /es/ +- features.md +``` + +* 📂 ⬜ 📁 📁 🇪🇸 👆 ✍, ✅: + +``` +docs/es/mkdocs.yml +``` + +* 🚮 ⚫️ 📤 ☑ 🎏 🗺 ⚫️ 🇪🇸, ✅: + +```YAML hl_lines="8" +site_name: FastAPI +# More stuff +nav: +- FastAPI: index.md +- Languages: + - en: / + - es: /es/ +- features.md +``` + +⚒ 💭 👈 🚥 📤 🎏 ⛔, 🆕 ⛔ ⏮️ 👆 ✍ ⚫️❔ 🎏 ✔ 🇪🇸 ⏬. + +🚥 👆 🚶 👆 🖥 👆 🔜 👀 👈 🔜 🩺 🎦 👆 🆕 📄. 👶 + +🔜 👆 💪 💬 ⚫️ 🌐 & 👀 ❔ ⚫️ 👀 👆 🖊 📁. + +#### 🆕 🇪🇸 + +➡️ 💬 👈 👆 💚 🚮 ✍ 🇪🇸 👈 🚫 💬, 🚫 📃. + +➡️ 💬 👆 💚 🚮 ✍ 🇭🇹, & ⚫️ 🚫 📤 🩺. + +✅ 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 🔛, 📟 "🇭🇹" `ht`. + +⏭ 🔁 🏃 ✍ 🏗 🆕 ✍ 📁: + +
+ +```console +// Use the command new-lang, pass the language code as a CLI argument +$ python ./scripts/docs.py new-lang ht + +Successfully initialized: docs/ht +Updating ht +Updating en +``` + +
+ +🔜 👆 💪 ✅ 👆 📟 👨‍🎨 ⏳ ✍ 📁 `docs/ht/`. + +!!! tip + ✍ 🥇 🚲 📨 ⏮️ 👉, ⚒ 🆙 📳 🆕 🇪🇸, ⏭ ❎ ✍. + + 👈 🌌 🎏 💪 ℹ ⏮️ 🎏 📃 ⏪ 👆 👷 🔛 🥇 🕐. 👶 + +▶️ ✍ 👑 📃, `docs/ht/index.md`. + +⤴️ 👆 💪 😣 ⏮️ ⏮️ 👩‍🌾, "♻ 🇪🇸". + +##### 🆕 🇪🇸 🚫 🐕‍🦺 + +🚥 🕐❔ 🏃‍♂ 🖖 💽 ✍ 👆 🤚 ❌ 🔃 🇪🇸 🚫 ➖ 🐕‍🦺, 🕳 💖: + +``` + raise TemplateNotFound(template) +jinja2.exceptions.TemplateNotFound: partials/language/xx.html +``` + +👈 ⛓ 👈 🎢 🚫 🐕‍🦺 👈 🇪🇸 (👉 💼, ⏮️ ❌ 2️⃣-🔤 📟 `xx`). + +✋️ 🚫 😟, 👆 💪 ⚒ 🎢 🇪🇸 🇪🇸 & ⤴️ 💬 🎚 🩺. + +🚥 👆 💪 👈, ✍ `mkdocs.yml` 👆 🆕 🇪🇸, ⚫️ 🔜 ✔️ 🕳 💖: + +```YAML hl_lines="5" +site_name: FastAPI +# More stuff +theme: + # More stuff + language: xx +``` + +🔀 👈 🇪🇸 ⚪️➡️ `xx` (⚪️➡️ 👆 🇪🇸 📟) `en`. + +⤴️ 👆 💪 ▶️ 🖖 💽 🔄. + +#### 🎮 🏁 + +🕐❔ 👆 ⚙️ ✍ `./scripts/docs.py` ⏮️ `live` 📋 ⚫️ 🕴 🎦 📁 & ✍ 💪 ⏮️ 🇪🇸. + +✋️ 🕐 👆 🔨, 👆 💪 💯 ⚫️ 🌐 ⚫️ 🔜 👀 💳. + +👈, 🥇 🏗 🌐 🩺: + +
+ +```console +// Use the command "build-all", this will take a bit +$ python ./scripts/docs.py build-all + +Updating es +Updating en +Building docs for: en +Building docs for: es +Successfully built docs for: es +Copying en index.md to README.md +``` + +
+ +👈 🏗 🌐 🩺 `./docs_build/` 🔠 🇪🇸. 👉 🔌 ❎ 🙆 📁 ⏮️ ❌ ✍, ⏮️ 🗒 💬 👈 "👉 📁 🚫 ✔️ ✍". ✋️ 👆 🚫 ✔️ 🕳 ⏮️ 👈 📁. + +⤴️ ⚫️ 🏗 🌐 👈 🔬 ⬜ 🕸 🔠 🇪🇸, 🌀 👫, & 🏗 🏁 🔢 `./site/`. + +⤴️ 👆 💪 🍦 👈 ⏮️ 📋 `serve`: + +
+ +```console +// Use the command "serve" after running "build-all" +$ python ./scripts/docs.py serve + +Warning: this is a very simple server. For development, use mkdocs serve instead. +This is here only to preview a site with translations already built. +Make sure you run the build-all command first. +Serving at: http://127.0.0.1:8008 +``` + +
+ +## 💯 + +📤 ✍ 👈 👆 💪 🏃 🌐 💯 🌐 📟 & 🏗 💰 📄 🕸: + +
+ +```console +$ bash scripts/test-cov-html.sh +``` + +
+ +👉 📋 🏗 📁 `./htmlcov/`, 🚥 👆 📂 📁 `./htmlcov/index.html` 👆 🖥, 👆 💪 🔬 🖥 🇹🇼 📟 👈 📔 💯, & 👀 🚥 📤 🙆 🇹🇼 ❌. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/deployment/concepts.md b/docs/em/docs/deployment/concepts.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..162b68615 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/deployment/concepts.md @@ -0,0 +1,311 @@ +# 🛠️ 🔧 + +🕐❔ 🛠️ **FastAPI** 🈸, ⚖️ 🤙, 🙆 🆎 🕸 🛠️, 📤 📚 🔧 👈 👆 🎲 💅 🔃, & ⚙️ 👫 👆 💪 🔎 **🏆 ☑** 🌌 **🛠️ 👆 🈸**. + +⚠ 🔧: + +* 💂‍♂ - 🇺🇸🔍 +* 🏃‍♂ 🔛 🕴 +* ⏏ +* 🧬 (🔢 🛠️ 🏃) +* 💾 +* ⏮️ 🔁 ⏭ ▶️ + +👥 🔜 👀 ❔ 👫 🔜 📉 **🛠️**. + +🔚, 🏆 🎯 💪 **🍦 👆 🛠️ 👩‍💻** 🌌 👈 **🔐**, **❎ 📉**, & ⚙️ **📊 ℹ** (🖼 🛰 💽/🕹 🎰) ♻ 💪. 👶 + +👤 🔜 💬 👆 🍖 🌖 🔃 👫 **🔧** 📥, & 👈 🔜 🤞 🤝 👆 **🤔** 👆 🔜 💪 💭 ❔ 🛠️ 👆 🛠️ 📶 🎏 🌐, 🎲 **🔮** 🕐 👈 🚫 🔀. + +🤔 👫 🔧, 👆 🔜 💪 **🔬 & 🔧** 🏆 🌌 🛠️ **👆 👍 🔗**. + +⏭ 📃, 👤 🔜 🤝 👆 🌅 **🧱 🍮** 🛠️ FastAPI 🈸. + +✋️ 🔜, ➡️ ✅ 👉 ⚠ **⚛ 💭**. 👫 🔧 ✔ 🙆 🎏 🆎 🕸 🛠️. 👶 + +## 💂‍♂ - 🇺🇸🔍 + +[⏮️ 📃 🔃 🇺🇸🔍](./https.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 👥 🇭🇲 🔃 ❔ 🇺🇸🔍 🚚 🔐 👆 🛠️. + +👥 👀 👈 🇺🇸🔍 🛎 🚚 🦲 **🔢** 👆 🈸 💽, **🤝 ❎ 🗳**. + +& 📤 ✔️ 🕳 🈚 **♻ 🇺🇸🔍 📄**, ⚫️ 💪 🎏 🦲 ⚖️ ⚫️ 💪 🕳 🎏. + +### 🖼 🧰 🇺🇸🔍 + +🧰 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🤝 ❎ 🗳: + +* Traefik + * 🔁 🍵 📄 🔕 👶 +* 📥 + * 🔁 🍵 📄 🔕 👶 +* 👌 + * ⏮️ 🔢 🦲 💖 Certbot 📄 🔕 +* ✳ + * ⏮️ 🔢 🦲 💖 Certbot 📄 🔕 +* Kubernetes ⏮️ 🚧 🕹 💖 👌 + * ⏮️ 🔢 🦲 💖 🛂-👨‍💼 📄 🔕 +* 🍵 🔘 ☁ 🐕‍🦺 🍕 👫 🐕‍🦺 (✍ 🔛 👶) + +➕1️⃣ 🎛 👈 👆 💪 ⚙️ **☁ 🐕‍🦺** 👈 🔨 🌖 👷 ✅ ⚒ 🆙 🇺🇸🔍. ⚫️ 💪 ✔️ 🚫 ⚖️ 🈚 👆 🌅, ♒️. ✋️ 👈 💼, 👆 🚫🔜 ✔️ ⚒ 🆙 🤝 ❎ 🗳 👆. + +👤 🔜 🎦 👆 🧱 🖼 ⏭ 📃. + +--- + +⤴️ ⏭ 🔧 🤔 🌐 🔃 📋 🏃 👆 ☑ 🛠️ (✅ Uvicorn). + +## 📋 & 🛠️ + +👥 🔜 💬 📚 🔃 🏃 "**🛠️**", ⚫️ ⚠ ✔️ ☯ 🔃 ⚫️❔ ⚫️ ⛓, & ⚫️❔ 🔺 ⏮️ 🔤 "**📋**". + +### ⚫️❔ 📋 + +🔤 **📋** 🛎 ⚙️ 🔬 📚 👜: + +* **📟** 👈 👆 ✍, **🐍 📁**. +* **📁** 👈 💪 **🛠️** 🏃‍♂ ⚙️, 🖼: `python`, `python.exe` ⚖️ `uvicorn`. +* 🎯 📋 ⏪ ⚫️ **🏃‍♂** 🔛 🏗 ⚙️, ⚙️ 💽, & ♻ 👜 🔛 💾. 👉 🤙 **🛠️**. + +### ⚫️❔ 🛠️ + +🔤 **🛠️** 🛎 ⚙️ 🌖 🎯 🌌, 🕴 🔗 👜 👈 🏃 🏃‍♂ ⚙️ (💖 🏁 ☝ 🔛): + +* 🎯 📋 ⏪ ⚫️ **🏃‍♂** 🔛 🏃‍♂ ⚙️. + * 👉 🚫 🔗 📁, 🚫 📟, ⚫️ 🔗 **🎯** 👜 👈 ➖ **🛠️** & 🔄 🏃‍♂ ⚙️. +* 🙆 📋, 🙆 📟, **💪 🕴 👜** 🕐❔ ⚫️ ➖ **🛠️**. , 🕐❔ 📤 **🛠️ 🏃**. +* 🛠️ 💪 **❎** (⚖️ "💥") 👆, ⚖️ 🏃‍♂ ⚙️. 👈 ☝, ⚫️ ⛔️ 🏃/➖ 🛠️, & ⚫️ 💪 **🙅‍♂ 📏 👜**. +* 🔠 🈸 👈 👆 ✔️ 🏃 🔛 👆 💻 ✔️ 🛠️ ⛅ ⚫️, 🔠 🏃‍♂ 📋, 🔠 🚪, ♒️. & 📤 🛎 📚 🛠️ 🏃 **🎏 🕰** ⏪ 💻 🔛. +* 📤 💪 **💗 🛠️** **🎏 📋** 🏃 🎏 🕰. + +🚥 👆 ✅ 👅 "📋 👨‍💼" ⚖️ "⚙️ 🖥" (⚖️ 🎏 🧰) 👆 🏃‍♂ ⚙️, 👆 🔜 💪 👀 📚 👈 🛠️ 🏃‍♂. + +& , 🖼, 👆 🔜 🎲 👀 👈 📤 💗 🛠️ 🏃 🎏 🖥 📋 (🦎, 💄, 📐, ♒️). 👫 🛎 🏃 1️⃣ 🛠️ 📍 📑, ➕ 🎏 ➕ 🛠️. + + + +--- + +🔜 👈 👥 💭 🔺 🖖 ⚖ **🛠️** & **📋**, ➡️ 😣 💬 🔃 🛠️. + +## 🏃‍♂ 🔛 🕴 + +🌅 💼, 🕐❔ 👆 ✍ 🕸 🛠️, 👆 💚 ⚫️ **🕧 🏃‍♂**, ➡, 👈 👆 👩‍💻 💪 🕧 🔐 ⚫️. 👉 ↗️, 🚥 👆 ✔️ 🎯 🤔 ⚫️❔ 👆 💚 ⚫️ 🏃 🕴 🎯 ⚠, ✋️ 🌅 🕰 👆 💚 ⚫️ 🕧 🏃‍♂ & **💪**. + +### 🛰 💽 + +🕐❔ 👆 ⚒ 🆙 🛰 💽 (☁ 💽, 🕹 🎰, ♒️.) 🙅 👜 👆 💪 🏃 Uvicorn (⚖️ 🎏) ❎, 🎏 🌌 👆 🕐❔ 🛠️ 🌐. + +& ⚫️ 🔜 👷 & 🔜 ⚠ **⏮️ 🛠️**. + +✋️ 🚥 👆 🔗 💽 💸, **🏃‍♂ 🛠️** 🔜 🎲 ☠️. + +& 🚥 💽 ⏏ (🖼 ⏮️ ℹ, ⚖️ 🛠️ ⚪️➡️ ☁ 🐕‍🦺) 👆 🎲 **🏆 🚫 👀 ⚫️**. & ↩️ 👈, 👆 🏆 🚫 💭 👈 👆 ✔️ ⏏ 🛠️ ❎. , 👆 🛠️ 🔜 🚧 ☠️. 👶 + +### 🏃 🔁 🔛 🕴 + +🏢, 👆 🔜 🎲 💚 💽 📋 (✅ Uvicorn) ▶️ 🔁 🔛 💽 🕴, & 🍵 💪 🙆 **🗿 🏥**, ✔️ 🛠️ 🕧 🏃 ⏮️ 👆 🛠️ (✅ Uvicorn 🏃‍♂ 👆 FastAPI 📱). + +### 🎏 📋 + +🏆 👉, 👆 🔜 🛎 ✔️ **🎏 📋** 👈 🔜 ⚒ 💭 👆 🈸 🏃 🔛 🕴. & 📚 💼, ⚫️ 🔜 ⚒ 💭 🎏 🦲 ⚖️ 🈸 🏃, 🖼, 💽. + +### 🖼 🧰 🏃 🕴 + +🖼 🧰 👈 💪 👉 👨‍🏭: + +* ☁ +* Kubernetes +* ☁ ✍ +* ☁ 🐝 📳 +* ✳ +* 👨‍💻 +* 🍵 🔘 ☁ 🐕‍🦺 🍕 👫 🐕‍🦺 +* 🎏... + +👤 🔜 🤝 👆 🌅 🧱 🖼 ⏭ 📃. + +## ⏏ + +🎏 ⚒ 💭 👆 🈸 🏃 🔛 🕴, 👆 🎲 💚 ⚒ 💭 ⚫️ **⏏** ⏮️ ❌. + +### 👥 ⚒ ❌ + +👥, 🗿, ⚒ **❌**, 🌐 🕰. 🖥 🌖 *🕧* ✔️ **🐛** 🕵‍♂ 🎏 🥉. 👶 + +& 👥 👩‍💻 🚧 📉 📟 👥 🔎 👈 🐛 & 👥 🛠️ 🆕 ⚒ (🎲 ❎ 🆕 🐛 💁‍♂️ 👶). + +### 🤪 ❌ 🔁 🍵 + +🕐❔ 🏗 🕸 🔗 ⏮️ FastAPI, 🚥 📤 ❌ 👆 📟, FastAPI 🔜 🛎 🔌 ⚫️ 👁 📨 👈 ⏲ ❌. 🛡 + +👩‍💻 🔜 🤚 **5️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ 🔗 💽 ❌** 👈 📨, ✋️ 🈸 🔜 😣 👷 ⏭ 📨 ↩️ 💥 🍕. + +### 🦏 ❌ - 💥 + +👐, 📤 5️⃣📆 💼 🌐❔ 👥 ✍ 📟 👈 **💥 🎂 🈸** ⚒ Uvicorn & 🐍 💥. 👶 + +& , 👆 🔜 🎲 🚫 💚 🈸 🚧 ☠️ ↩️ 📤 ❌ 1️⃣ 🥉, 👆 🎲 💚 ⚫️ **😣 🏃** 🌘 *➡ 🛠️* 👈 🚫 💔. + +### ⏏ ⏮️ 💥 + +✋️ 👈 💼 ⏮️ 🤙 👎 ❌ 👈 💥 🏃‍♂ **🛠️**, 👆 🔜 💚 🔢 🦲 👈 🈚 **🔁** 🛠️, 🌘 👩‍❤‍👨 🕰... + +!!! tip + ...👐 🚥 🎂 🈸 **💥 ⏪** ⚫️ 🎲 🚫 ⚒ 🔑 🚧 🔁 ⚫️ ♾. ✋️ 📚 💼, 👆 🔜 🎲 👀 ⚫️ ⏮️ 🛠️, ⚖️ 🌘 ▶️️ ⏮️ 🛠️. + + ➡️ 🎯 🔛 👑 💼, 🌐❔ ⚫️ 💪 💥 🍕 🎯 💼 **🔮**, & ⚫️ ⚒ 🔑 ⏏ ⚫️. + +👆 🔜 🎲 💚 ✔️ 👜 🈚 🔁 👆 🈸 **🔢 🦲**, ↩️ 👈 ☝, 🎏 🈸 ⏮️ Uvicorn & 🐍 ⏪ 💥, 📤 🕳 🎏 📟 🎏 📱 👈 💪 🕳 🔃 ⚫️. + +### 🖼 🧰 ⏏ 🔁 + +🏆 💼, 🎏 🧰 👈 ⚙️ **🏃 📋 🔛 🕴** ⚙️ 🍵 🏧 **⏏**. + +🖼, 👉 💪 🍵: + +* ☁ +* Kubernetes +* ☁ ✍ +* ☁ 🐝 📳 +* ✳ +* 👨‍💻 +* 🍵 🔘 ☁ 🐕‍🦺 🍕 👫 🐕‍🦺 +* 🎏... + +## 🧬 - 🛠️ & 💾 + +⏮️ FastAPI 🈸, ⚙️ 💽 📋 💖 Uvicorn, 🏃‍♂ ⚫️ 🕐 **1️⃣ 🛠️** 💪 🍦 💗 👩‍💻 🔁. + +✋️ 📚 💼, 👆 🔜 💚 🏃 📚 👨‍🏭 🛠️ 🎏 🕰. + +### 💗 🛠️ - 👨‍🏭 + +🚥 👆 ✔️ 🌅 👩‍💻 🌘 ⚫️❔ 👁 🛠️ 💪 🍵 (🖼 🚥 🕹 🎰 🚫 💁‍♂️ 🦏) & 👆 ✔️ **💗 🐚** 💽 💽, ⤴️ 👆 💪 ✔️ **💗 🛠️** 🏃‍♂ ⏮️ 🎏 🈸 🎏 🕰, & 📎 🌐 📨 👪 👫. + +🕐❔ 👆 🏃 **💗 🛠️** 🎏 🛠️ 📋, 👫 🛎 🤙 **👨‍🏭**. + +### 👨‍🏭 🛠️ & ⛴ + +💭 ⚪️➡️ 🩺 [🔃 🇺🇸🔍](./https.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 👈 🕴 1️⃣ 🛠️ 💪 👂 🔛 1️⃣ 🌀 ⛴ & 📢 📢 💽 ❓ + +👉 ☑. + +, 💪 ✔️ **💗 🛠️** 🎏 🕰, 📤 ✔️ **👁 🛠️ 👂 🔛 ⛴** 👈 ⤴️ 📶 📻 🔠 👨‍🏭 🛠️ 🌌. + +### 💾 📍 🛠️ + +🔜, 🕐❔ 📋 📐 👜 💾, 🖼, 🎰 🏫 🏷 🔢, ⚖️ 🎚 ⭕ 📁 🔢, 🌐 👈 **🍴 👄 💾 (💾)** 💽. + +& 💗 🛠️ 🛎 **🚫 💰 🙆 💾**. 👉 ⛓ 👈 🔠 🏃 🛠️ ✔️ 🚮 👍 👜, 🔢, & 💾. & 🚥 👆 😩 ⭕ 💸 💾 👆 📟, **🔠 🛠️** 🔜 🍴 🌓 💸 💾. + +### 💽 💾 + +🖼, 🚥 👆 📟 📐 🎰 🏫 🏷 ⏮️ **1️⃣ 💾 📐**, 🕐❔ 👆 🏃 1️⃣ 🛠️ ⏮️ 👆 🛠️, ⚫️ 🔜 🍴 🌘 1️⃣ 💾 💾. & 🚥 👆 ▶️ **4️⃣ 🛠️** (4️⃣ 👨‍🏭), 🔠 🔜 🍴 1️⃣ 💾 💾. 🌐, 👆 🛠️ 🔜 🍴 **4️⃣ 💾 💾**. + +& 🚥 👆 🛰 💽 ⚖️ 🕹 🎰 🕴 ✔️ 3️⃣ 💾 💾, 🔄 📐 🌅 🌘 4️⃣ 💾 💾 🔜 🤕 ⚠. 👶 + +### 💗 🛠️ - 🖼 + +👉 🖼, 📤 **👨‍💼 🛠️** 👈 ▶️ & 🎛 2️⃣ **👨‍🏭 🛠️**. + +👉 👨‍💼 🛠️ 🔜 🎲 1️⃣ 👂 🔛 **⛴** 📢. & ⚫️ 🔜 📶 🌐 📻 👨‍🏭 🛠️. + +👈 👨‍🏭 🛠️ 🔜 🕐 🏃‍♂ 👆 🈸, 👫 🔜 🎭 👑 📊 📨 **📨** & 📨 **📨**, & 👫 🔜 📐 🕳 👆 🚮 🔢 💾. + + + +& ↗️, 🎏 🎰 🔜 🎲 ✔️ **🎏 🛠️** 🏃 👍, ↖️ ⚪️➡️ 👆 🈸. + +😌 ℹ 👈 🌐 **💽 ⚙️** 🔠 🛠️ 💪 **🪀** 📚 🤭 🕰, ✋️ **💾 (💾)** 🛎 🚧 🌖 ⚖️ 🌘 **⚖**. + +🚥 👆 ✔️ 🛠️ 👈 🔨 ⭐ 💸 📊 🔠 🕰 & 👆 ✔️ 📚 👩‍💻, ⤴️ **💽 🛠️** 🔜 🎲 *⚖* (↩️ 🕧 🔜 🆙 & 🔽 🔜). + +### 🖼 🧬 🧰 & 🎛 + +📤 💪 📚 🎯 🏆 👉, & 👤 🔜 💬 👆 🌅 🔃 🎯 🎛 ⏭ 📃, 🖼 🕐❔ 💬 🔃 ☁ & 📦. + +👑 ⚛ 🤔 👈 📤 ✔️ **👁** 🦲 🚚 **⛴** **📢 📢**. & ⤴️ ⚫️ ✔️ ✔️ 🌌 **📶** 📻 🔁 **🛠️/👨‍🏭**. + +📥 💪 🌀 & 🎛: + +* **🐁** 🛠️ **Uvicorn 👨‍🏭** + * 🐁 🔜 **🛠️ 👨‍💼** 👂 🔛 **📢** & **⛴**, 🧬 🔜 ✔️ **💗 Uvicorn 👨‍🏭 🛠️** +* **Uvicorn** 🛠️ **Uvicorn 👨‍🏭** + * 1️⃣ Uvicorn **🛠️ 👨‍💼** 🔜 👂 🔛 **📢** & **⛴**, & ⚫️ 🔜 ▶️ **💗 Uvicorn 👨‍🏭 🛠️** +* **Kubernetes** & 🎏 📎 **📦 ⚙️** + * 🕳 **☁** 🧽 🔜 👂 🔛 **📢** & **⛴**. 🧬 🔜 ✔️ **💗 📦**, 🔠 ⏮️ **1️⃣ Uvicorn 🛠️** 🏃‍♂ +* **☁ 🐕‍🦺** 👈 🍵 👉 👆 + * ☁ 🐕‍🦺 🔜 🎲 **🍵 🧬 👆**. ⚫️ 🔜 🎲 ➡️ 👆 🔬 **🛠️ 🏃**, ⚖️ **📦 🖼** ⚙️, 🙆 💼, ⚫️ 🔜 🌅 🎲 **👁 Uvicorn 🛠️**, & ☁ 🐕‍🦺 🔜 🈚 🔁 ⚫️. + +!!! tip + 🚫 😟 🚥 👫 🏬 🔃 **📦**, ☁, ⚖️ Kubernetes 🚫 ⚒ 📚 🔑. + + 👤 🔜 💬 👆 🌅 🔃 📦 🖼, ☁, Kubernetes, ♒️. 🔮 📃: [FastAPI 📦 - ☁](./docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## ⏮️ 🔁 ⏭ ▶️ + +📤 📚 💼 🌐❔ 👆 💚 🎭 📶 **⏭ ▶️** 👆 🈸. + +🖼, 👆 💪 💚 🏃 **💽 🛠️**. + +✋️ 🌅 💼, 👆 🔜 💚 🎭 👉 🔁 🕴 **🕐**. + +, 👆 🔜 💚 ✔️ **👁 🛠️** 🎭 👈 **⏮️ 🔁**, ⏭ ▶️ 🈸. + +& 👆 🔜 ✔️ ⚒ 💭 👈 ⚫️ 👁 🛠️ 🏃 👈 ⏮️ 🔁 ** 🚥 ⏮️, 👆 ▶️ **💗 🛠️** (💗 👨‍🏭) 🈸 ⚫️. 🚥 👈 🔁 🏃 **💗 🛠️**, 👫 🔜 **❎** 👷 🏃‍♂ ⚫️ 🔛 **🔗**, & 🚥 📶 🕳 💎 💖 💽 🛠️, 👫 💪 🤕 ⚔ ⏮️ 🔠 🎏. + +↗️, 📤 💼 🌐❔ 📤 🙅‍♂ ⚠ 🏃 ⏮️ 🔁 💗 🕰, 👈 💼, ⚫️ 📚 ⏩ 🍵. + +!!! tip + , ✔️ 🤯 👈 ⚓️ 🔛 👆 🖥, 💼 👆 **5️⃣📆 🚫 💪 🙆 ⏮️ 🔁** ⏭ ▶️ 👆 🈸. + + 👈 💼, 👆 🚫🔜 ✔️ 😟 🔃 🙆 👉. 🤷 + +### 🖼 ⏮️ 🔁 🎛 + +👉 🔜 **🪀 🙇** 🔛 🌌 👆 **🛠️ 👆 ⚙️**, & ⚫️ 🔜 🎲 🔗 🌌 👆 ▶️ 📋, 🚚 ⏏, ♒️. + +📥 💪 💭: + +* "🕑 📦" Kubernetes 👈 🏃 ⏭ 👆 📱 📦 +* 🎉 ✍ 👈 🏃 ⏮️ 🔁 & ⤴️ ▶️ 👆 🈸 + * 👆 🔜 💪 🌌 ▶️/⏏ *👈* 🎉 ✍, 🔍 ❌, ♒️. + +!!! tip + 👤 🔜 🤝 👆 🌅 🧱 🖼 🔨 👉 ⏮️ 📦 🔮 📃: [FastAPI 📦 - ☁](./docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## ℹ 🛠️ + +👆 💽(Ⓜ) () **ℹ**, 👆 💪 🍴 ⚖️ **⚙️**, ⏮️ 👆 📋, 📊 🕰 🔛 💽, & 💾 💾 💪. + +❔ 🌅 ⚙️ ℹ 👆 💚 😩/♻ ❓ ⚫️ 💪 ⏩ 💭 "🚫 🌅", ✋️ 🌌, 👆 🔜 🎲 💚 🍴 **🌅 💪 🍵 💥**. + +🚥 👆 💸 3️⃣ 💽 ✋️ 👆 ⚙️ 🕴 🐥 🍖 👫 💾 & 💽, 👆 🎲 **🗑 💸** 👶, & 🎲 **🗑 💽 🔦 🏋️** 👶, ♒️. + +👈 💼, ⚫️ 💪 👻 ✔️ 🕴 2️⃣ 💽 & ⚙️ ↕ 🌐 👫 ℹ (💽, 💾, 💾, 🕸 💿, ♒️). + +🔛 🎏 ✋, 🚥 👆 ✔️ 2️⃣ 💽 & 👆 ⚙️ **1️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ 💯 👫 💽 & 💾**, ☝ 1️⃣ 🛠️ 🔜 💭 🌅 💾, & 💽 🔜 ✔️ ⚙️ 💾 "💾" (❔ 💪 💯 🕰 🐌), ⚖️ **💥**. ⚖️ 1️⃣ 🛠️ 💪 💪 📊 & 🔜 ✔️ ⌛ ⏭ 💽 🆓 🔄. + +👉 💼, ⚫️ 🔜 👍 🤚 **1️⃣ ➕ 💽** & 🏃 🛠️ 🔛 ⚫️ 👈 👫 🌐 ✔️ **🥃 💾 & 💽 🕰**. + +📤 🤞 👈 🤔 👆 ✔️ **🌵** ⚙️ 👆 🛠️. 🎲 ⚫️ 🚶 🦠, ⚖️ 🎲 🎏 🐕‍🦺 ⚖️ 🤖 ▶️ ⚙️ ⚫️. & 👆 💪 💚 ✔️ ➕ ℹ 🔒 👈 💼. + +👆 💪 🚮 **❌ 🔢** 🎯, 🖼, 🕳 **🖖 5️⃣0️⃣ 💯 9️⃣0️⃣ 💯** ℹ 🛠️. ☝ 👈 📚 🎲 👑 👜 👆 🔜 💚 ⚖ & ⚙️ ⚒ 👆 🛠️. + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 🙅 🧰 💖 `htop` 👀 💽 & 💾 ⚙️ 👆 💽 ⚖️ 💸 ⚙️ 🔠 🛠️. ⚖️ 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🌖 🏗 ⚖ 🧰, ❔ 5️⃣📆 📎 🤭 💽, ♒️. + +## 🌃 + +👆 ✔️ 👂 📥 👑 🔧 👈 👆 🔜 🎲 💪 ✔️ 🤯 🕐❔ 🤔 ❔ 🛠️ 👆 🈸: + +* 💂‍♂ - 🇺🇸🔍 +* 🏃‍♂ 🔛 🕴 +* ⏏ +* 🧬 (🔢 🛠️ 🏃) +* 💾 +* ⏮️ 🔁 ⏭ ▶️ + +🤔 👉 💭 & ❔ ✔ 👫 🔜 🤝 👆 🤔 💪 ✊ 🙆 🚫 🕐❔ 🛠️ & 🛠️ 👆 🛠️. 👶 + +⏭ 📄, 👤 🔜 🤝 👆 🌅 🧱 🖼 💪 🎛 👆 💪 ⏩. 👶 diff --git a/docs/em/docs/deployment/docker.md b/docs/em/docs/deployment/docker.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f28735ed7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/deployment/docker.md @@ -0,0 +1,698 @@ +# FastAPI 📦 - ☁ + +🕐❔ 🛠️ FastAPI 🈸 ⚠ 🎯 🏗 **💾 📦 🖼**. ⚫️ 🛎 🔨 ⚙️ **☁**. 👆 💪 ⤴️ 🛠️ 👈 📦 🖼 1️⃣ 👩‍❤‍👨 💪 🌌. + +⚙️ 💾 📦 ✔️ 📚 📈 ✅ **💂‍♂**, **🔬**, **🦁**, & 🎏. + +!!! tip + 🏃 & ⏪ 💭 👉 💩 ❓ 🦘 [`Dockerfile` 🔛 👶](#build-a-docker-image-for-fastapi). + +
+📁 🎮 👶 + +```Dockerfile +FROM python:3.9 + +WORKDIR /code + +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +COPY ./app /code/app + +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] + +# If running behind a proxy like Nginx or Traefik add --proxy-headers +# CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80", "--proxy-headers"] +``` + +
+ +## ⚫️❔ 📦 + +📦 (✴️ 💾 📦) 📶 **💿** 🌌 📦 🈸 ✅ 🌐 👫 🔗 & 💪 📁 ⏪ 🚧 👫 ❎ ⚪️➡️ 🎏 📦 (🎏 🈸 ⚖️ 🦲) 🎏 ⚙️. + +💾 📦 🏃 ⚙️ 🎏 💾 💾 🦠 (🎰, 🕹 🎰, ☁ 💽, ♒️). 👉 ⛓ 👈 👫 📶 💿 (🔬 🌕 🕹 🎰 👍 🎂 🏃‍♂ ⚙️). + +👉 🌌, 📦 🍴 **🐥 ℹ**, 💸 ⭐ 🏃‍♂ 🛠️ 🔗 (🕹 🎰 🔜 🍴 🌅 🌅). + +📦 ✔️ 👫 👍 **❎** 🏃‍♂ 🛠️ (🛎 1️⃣ 🛠️), 📁 ⚙️, & 🕸, 🔬 🛠️, 💂‍♂, 🛠️, ♒️. + +## ⚫️❔ 📦 🖼 + +**📦** 🏃 ⚪️➡️ **📦 🖼**. + +📦 🖼 **🎻** ⏬ 🌐 📁, 🌐 🔢, & 🔢 📋/📋 👈 🔜 🎁 📦. **🎻** 📥 ⛓ 👈 📦 **🖼** 🚫 🏃, ⚫️ 🚫 ➖ 🛠️, ⚫️ 🕴 📦 📁 & 🗃. + +🔅 "**📦 🖼**" 👈 🏪 🎻 🎚,"**📦**" 🛎 🔗 🏃‍♂ 👐, 👜 👈 ➖ **🛠️**. + +🕐❔ **📦** ▶️ & 🏃‍♂ (▶️ ⚪️➡️ **📦 🖼**) ⚫️ 💪 ✍ ⚖️ 🔀 📁, 🌐 🔢, ♒️. 👈 🔀 🔜 🔀 🕴 👈 📦, ✋️ 🔜 🚫 😣 👽 📦 🖼 (🔜 🚫 🖊 💾). + +📦 🖼 ⭐ **📋** 📁 & 🎚, ✅ `python` & 📁 `main.py`. + +& **📦** ⚫️ (🔅 **📦 🖼**) ☑ 🏃 👐 🖼, ⭐ **🛠️**. 👐, 📦 🏃 🕴 🕐❔ ⚫️ ✔️ **🛠️ 🏃** (& 🛎 ⚫️ 🕴 👁 🛠️). 📦 ⛔️ 🕐❔ 📤 🙅‍♂ 🛠️ 🏃 ⚫️. + +## 📦 🖼 + +☁ ✔️ 1️⃣ 👑 🧰 ✍ & 🛠️ **📦 🖼** & **📦**. + +& 📤 📢 ☁ 🎡 ⏮️ 🏤-⚒ **🛂 📦 🖼** 📚 🧰, 🌐, 💽, & 🈸. + +🖼, 📤 🛂 🐍 🖼. + +& 📤 📚 🎏 🖼 🎏 👜 💖 💽, 🖼: + +* ✳ +* ✳ +* ✳ +* ✳, ♒️. + +⚙️ 🏤-⚒ 📦 🖼 ⚫️ 📶 ⏩ **🌀** & ⚙️ 🎏 🧰. 🖼, 🔄 👅 🆕 💽. 🌅 💼, 👆 💪 ⚙️ **🛂 🖼**, & 🔗 👫 ⏮️ 🌐 🔢. + +👈 🌌, 📚 💼 👆 💪 💡 🔃 📦 & ☁ & 🏤-⚙️ 👈 💡 ⏮️ 📚 🎏 🧰 & 🦲. + +, 👆 🔜 🏃 **💗 📦** ⏮️ 🎏 👜, 💖 💽, 🐍 🈸, 🕸 💽 ⏮️ 😥 🕸 🈸, & 🔗 👫 👯‍♂️ 📨 👫 🔗 🕸. + +🌐 📦 🧾 ⚙️ (💖 ☁ ⚖️ Kubernetes) ✔️ 👫 🕸 ⚒ 🛠️ 🔘 👫. + +## 📦 & 🛠️ + +**📦 🖼** 🛎 🔌 🚮 🗃 🔢 📋 ⚖️ 📋 👈 🔜 🏃 🕐❔ **📦** ▶️ & 🔢 🚶‍♀️ 👈 📋. 📶 🎏 ⚫️❔ 🔜 🚥 ⚫️ 📋 ⏸. + +🕐❔ **📦** ▶️, ⚫️ 🔜 🏃 👈 📋/📋 (👐 👆 💪 🔐 ⚫️ & ⚒ ⚫️ 🏃 🎏 📋/📋). + +📦 🏃 📏 **👑 🛠️** (📋 ⚖️ 📋) 🏃. + +📦 🛎 ✔️ **👁 🛠️**, ✋️ ⚫️ 💪 ▶️ ✳ ⚪️➡️ 👑 🛠️, & 👈 🌌 👆 🔜 ✔️ **💗 🛠️** 🎏 📦. + +✋️ ⚫️ 🚫 💪 ✔️ 🏃‍♂ 📦 🍵 **🌘 1️⃣ 🏃‍♂ 🛠️**. 🚥 👑 🛠️ ⛔️, 📦 ⛔️. + +## 🏗 ☁ 🖼 FastAPI + +🆗, ➡️ 🏗 🕳 🔜 ❗ 👶 + +👤 🔜 🎦 👆 ❔ 🏗 **☁ 🖼** FastAPI **⚪️➡️ 🖌**, ⚓️ 🔛 **🛂 🐍** 🖼. + +👉 ⚫️❔ 👆 🔜 💚 **🏆 💼**, 🖼: + +* ⚙️ **Kubernetes** ⚖️ 🎏 🧰 +* 🕐❔ 🏃‍♂ 🔛 **🍓 👲** +* ⚙️ ☁ 🐕‍🦺 👈 🔜 🏃 📦 🖼 👆, ♒️. + +### 📦 📄 + +👆 🔜 🛎 ✔️ **📦 📄** 👆 🈸 📁. + +⚫️ 🔜 🪀 ✴️ 🔛 🧰 👆 ⚙️ **❎** 👈 📄. + +🌅 ⚠ 🌌 ⚫️ ✔️ 📁 `requirements.txt` ⏮️ 📦 📛 & 👫 ⏬, 1️⃣ 📍 ⏸. + +👆 🔜 ↗️ ⚙️ 🎏 💭 👆 ✍ [🔃 FastAPI ⏬](./versions.md){.internal-link target=_blank} ⚒ ↔ ⏬. + +🖼, 👆 `requirements.txt` 💪 👀 💖: + +``` +fastapi>=0.68.0,<0.69.0 +pydantic>=1.8.0,<2.0.0 +uvicorn>=0.15.0,<0.16.0 +``` + +& 👆 🔜 🛎 ❎ 👈 📦 🔗 ⏮️ `pip`, 🖼: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install -r requirements.txt +---> 100% +Successfully installed fastapi pydantic uvicorn +``` + +
+ +!!! info + 📤 🎏 📁 & 🧰 🔬 & ❎ 📦 🔗. + + 👤 🔜 🎦 👆 🖼 ⚙️ 🎶 ⏪ 📄 🔛. 👶 + +### ✍ **FastAPI** 📟 + +* ✍ `app` 📁 & ⛔ ⚫️. +* ✍ 🛁 📁 `__init__.py`. +* ✍ `main.py` 📁 ⏮️: + +```Python +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +### 📁 + +🔜 🎏 🏗 📁 ✍ 📁 `Dockerfile` ⏮️: + +```{ .dockerfile .annotate } +# (1) +FROM python:3.9 + +# (2) +WORKDIR /code + +# (3) +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +# (4) +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +# (5) +COPY ./app /code/app + +# (6) +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +1️⃣. ▶️ ⚪️➡️ 🛂 🐍 🧢 🖼. + +2️⃣. ⚒ ⏮️ 👷 📁 `/code`. + + 👉 🌐❔ 👥 🔜 🚮 `requirements.txt` 📁 & `app` 📁. + +3️⃣. 📁 📁 ⏮️ 📄 `/code` 📁. + + 📁 **🕴** 📁 ⏮️ 📄 🥇, 🚫 🎂 📟. + + 👉 📁 **🚫 🔀 🛎**, ☁ 🔜 🔍 ⚫️ & ⚙️ **💾** 👉 🔁, 🛠️ 💾 ⏭ 🔁 💁‍♂️. + +4️⃣. ❎ 📦 🔗 📄 📁. + + `--no-cache-dir` 🎛 💬 `pip` 🚫 🖊 ⏬ 📦 🌐, 👈 🕴 🚥 `pip` 🔜 🏃 🔄 ❎ 🎏 📦, ✋️ 👈 🚫 💼 🕐❔ 👷 ⏮️ 📦. + + !!! note + `--no-cache-dir` 🕴 🔗 `pip`, ⚫️ ✔️ 🕳 ⏮️ ☁ ⚖️ 📦. + + `--upgrade` 🎛 💬 `pip` ♻ 📦 🚥 👫 ⏪ ❎. + + ↩️ ⏮️ 🔁 🖨 📁 💪 🔍 **☁ 💾**, 👉 🔁 🔜 **⚙️ ☁ 💾** 🕐❔ 💪. + + ⚙️ 💾 👉 🔁 🔜 **🖊** 👆 📚 **🕰** 🕐❔ 🏗 🖼 🔄 & 🔄 ⏮️ 🛠️, ↩️ **⏬ & ❎** 🌐 🔗 **🔠 🕰**. + +5️⃣. 📁 `./app` 📁 🔘 `/code` 📁. + + 👉 ✔️ 🌐 📟 ❔ ⚫️❔ **🔀 🌅 🛎** ☁ **💾** 🏆 🚫 ⚙️ 👉 ⚖️ 🙆 **📄 🔁** 💪. + + , ⚫️ ⚠ 🚮 👉 **🏘 🔚** `Dockerfile`, 🔬 📦 🖼 🏗 🕰. + +6️⃣. ⚒ **📋** 🏃 `uvicorn` 💽. + + `CMD` ✊ 📇 🎻, 🔠 👫 🎻 ⚫️❔ 👆 🔜 🆎 📋 ⏸ 👽 🚀. + + 👉 📋 🔜 🏃 ⚪️➡️ **⏮️ 👷 📁**, 🎏 `/code` 📁 👆 ⚒ 🔛 ⏮️ `WORKDIR /code`. + + ↩️ 📋 🔜 ▶️ `/code` & 🔘 ⚫️ 📁 `./app` ⏮️ 👆 📟, **Uvicorn** 🔜 💪 👀 & **🗄** `app` ⚪️➡️ `app.main`. + +!!! tip + 📄 ⚫️❔ 🔠 ⏸ 🔨 🖊 🔠 🔢 💭 📟. 👶 + +👆 🔜 🔜 ✔️ 📁 📊 💖: + +``` +. +├── app +│   ├── __init__.py +│ └── main.py +├── Dockerfile +└── requirements.txt +``` + +#### ⛅ 🤝 ❎ 🗳 + +🚥 👆 🏃‍♂ 👆 📦 ⛅ 🤝 ❎ 🗳 (📐 ⚙) 💖 👌 ⚖️ Traefik, 🚮 🎛 `--proxy-headers`, 👉 🔜 💬 Uvicorn 💙 🎚 📨 👈 🗳 💬 ⚫️ 👈 🈸 🏃 ⛅ 🇺🇸🔍, ♒️. + +```Dockerfile +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--proxy-headers", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +#### ☁ 💾 + +📤 ⚠ 🎱 👉 `Dockerfile`, 👥 🥇 📁 **📁 ⏮️ 🔗 😞**, 🚫 🎂 📟. ➡️ 👤 💬 👆 ⚫️❔ 👈. + +```Dockerfile +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt +``` + +☁ & 🎏 🧰 **🏗** 👉 📦 🖼 **🔁**, 🚮 **1️⃣ 🧽 🔛 🔝 🎏**, ▶️ ⚪️➡️ 🔝 `Dockerfile` & ❎ 🙆 📁 ✍ 🔠 👩‍🌾 `Dockerfile`. + +☁ & 🎏 🧰 ⚙️ **🔗 💾** 🕐❔ 🏗 🖼, 🚥 📁 🚫 🔀 ↩️ 🏁 🕰 🏗 📦 🖼, ⤴️ ⚫️ 🔜 **🏤-⚙️ 🎏 🧽** ✍ 🏁 🕰, ↩️ 🖨 📁 🔄 & 🏗 🆕 🧽 ⚪️➡️ 🖌. + +❎ 📁 📁 🚫 🎯 📉 👜 💁‍♂️ 🌅, ✋️ ↩️ ⚫️ ⚙️ 💾 👈 🔁, ⚫️ 💪 **⚙️ 💾 ⏭ 🔁**. 🖼, ⚫️ 💪 ⚙️ 💾 👩‍🌾 👈 ❎ 🔗 ⏮️: + +```Dockerfile +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt +``` + +📁 ⏮️ 📦 📄 **🏆 🚫 🔀 🛎**. , 🖨 🕴 👈 📁, ☁ 🔜 💪 **⚙️ 💾** 👈 🔁. + +& ⤴️, ☁ 🔜 💪 **⚙️ 💾 ⏭ 🔁** 👈 ⏬ & ❎ 👈 🔗. & 📥 🌐❔ 👥 **🖊 📚 🕰**. 👶 ...& ❎ 😩 ⌛. 👶 👶 + +⏬ & ❎ 📦 🔗 **💪 ✊ ⏲**, ✋️ ⚙️ **💾** 🔜 **✊ 🥈** 🌅. + +& 👆 🔜 🏗 📦 🖼 🔄 & 🔄 ⏮️ 🛠️ ✅ 👈 👆 📟 🔀 👷, 📤 📚 📈 🕰 👉 🔜 🖊. + +⤴️, 🏘 🔚 `Dockerfile`, 👥 📁 🌐 📟. 👉 ⚫️❔ **🔀 🏆 🛎**, 👥 🚮 ⚫️ 🏘 🔚, ↩️ 🌖 🕧, 🕳 ⏮️ 👉 🔁 🔜 🚫 💪 ⚙️ 💾. + +```Dockerfile +COPY ./app /code/app +``` + +### 🏗 ☁ 🖼 + +🔜 👈 🌐 📁 🥉, ➡️ 🏗 📦 🖼. + +* 🚶 🏗 📁 (🌐❔ 👆 `Dockerfile` , ⚗ 👆 `app` 📁). +* 🏗 👆 FastAPI 🖼: + +
+ +```console +$ docker build -t myimage . + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +!!! tip + 👀 `.` 🔚, ⚫️ 🌓 `./`, ⚫️ 💬 ☁ 📁 ⚙️ 🏗 📦 🖼. + + 👉 💼, ⚫️ 🎏 ⏮️ 📁 (`.`). + +### ▶️ ☁ 📦 + +* 🏃 📦 ⚓️ 🔛 👆 🖼: + +
+ +```console +$ docker run -d --name mycontainer -p 80:80 myimage +``` + +
+ +## ✅ ⚫️ + +👆 🔜 💪 ✅ ⚫️ 👆 ☁ 📦 📛, 🖼: http://192.168.99.100/items/5?q=somequery ⚖️ http://127.0.0.1/items/5?q=somequery (⚖️ 🌓, ⚙️ 👆 ☁ 🦠). + +👆 🔜 👀 🕳 💖: + +```JSON +{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} +``` + +## 🎓 🛠️ 🩺 + +🔜 👆 💪 🚶 http://192.168.99.100/docs ⚖️ http://127.0.0.1/docs (⚖️ 🌓, ⚙️ 👆 ☁ 🦠). + +👆 🔜 👀 🏧 🎓 🛠️ 🧾 (🚚 🦁 🎚): + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +## 🎛 🛠️ 🩺 + +& 👆 💪 🚶 http://192.168.99.100/redoc ⚖️ http://127.0.0.1/redoc (⚖️ 🌓, ⚙️ 👆 ☁ 🦠). + +👆 🔜 👀 🎛 🏧 🧾 (🚚 📄): + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +## 🏗 ☁ 🖼 ⏮️ 👁-📁 FastAPI + +🚥 👆 FastAPI 👁 📁, 🖼, `main.py` 🍵 `./app` 📁, 👆 📁 📊 💪 👀 💖 👉: + +``` +. +├── Dockerfile +├── main.py +└── requirements.txt +``` + +⤴️ 👆 🔜 ✔️ 🔀 🔗 ➡ 📁 📁 🔘 `Dockerfile`: + +```{ .dockerfile .annotate hl_lines="10 13" } +FROM python:3.9 + +WORKDIR /code + +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +# (1) +COPY ./main.py /code/ + +# (2) +CMD ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +1️⃣. 📁 `main.py` 📁 `/code` 📁 🔗 (🍵 🙆 `./app` 📁). + +2️⃣. 🏃 Uvicorn & 💬 ⚫️ 🗄 `app` 🎚 ⚪️➡️ `main` (↩️ 🏭 ⚪️➡️ `app.main`). + +⤴️ 🔆 Uvicorn 📋 ⚙️ 🆕 🕹 `main` ↩️ `app.main` 🗄 FastAPI 🎚 `app`. + +## 🛠️ 🔧 + +➡️ 💬 🔄 🔃 🎏 [🛠️ 🔧](./concepts.md){.internal-link target=_blank} ⚖ 📦. + +📦 ✴️ 🧰 📉 🛠️ **🏗 & 🛠️** 🈸, ✋️ 👫 🚫 🛠️ 🎯 🎯 🍵 👉 **🛠️ 🔧**, & 📤 📚 💪 🎛. + +**👍 📰** 👈 ⏮️ 🔠 🎏 🎛 📤 🌌 📔 🌐 🛠️ 🔧. 👶 + +➡️ 📄 👉 **🛠️ 🔧** ⚖ 📦: + +* 🇺🇸🔍 +* 🏃‍♂ 🔛 🕴 +* ⏏ +* 🧬 (🔢 🛠️ 🏃) +* 💾 +* ⏮️ 🔁 ⏭ ▶️ + +## 🇺🇸🔍 + +🚥 👥 🎯 🔛 **📦 🖼** FastAPI 🈸 (& ⏪ 🏃‍♂ **📦**), 🇺🇸🔍 🛎 🔜 🍵 **🗜** ➕1️⃣ 🧰. + +⚫️ 💪 ➕1️⃣ 📦, 🖼 ⏮️ Traefik, 🚚 **🇺🇸🔍** & **🏧** 🛠️ **📄**. + +!!! tip + Traefik ✔️ 🛠️ ⏮️ ☁, Kubernetes, & 🎏, ⚫️ 📶 ⏩ ⚒ 🆙 & 🔗 🇺🇸🔍 👆 📦 ⏮️ ⚫️. + +👐, 🇺🇸🔍 💪 🍵 ☁ 🐕‍🦺 1️⃣ 👫 🐕‍🦺 (⏪ 🏃 🈸 📦). + +## 🏃‍♂ 🔛 🕴 & ⏏ + +📤 🛎 ➕1️⃣ 🧰 🈚 **▶️ & 🏃‍♂** 👆 📦. + +⚫️ 💪 **☁** 🔗, **☁ ✍**, **Kubernetes**, **☁ 🐕‍🦺**, ♒️. + +🌅 (⚖️ 🌐) 💼, 📤 🙅 🎛 🛠️ 🏃 📦 🔛 🕴 & 🛠️ ⏏ 🔛 ❌. 🖼, ☁, ⚫️ 📋 ⏸ 🎛 `--restart`. + +🍵 ⚙️ 📦, ⚒ 🈸 🏃 🔛 🕴 & ⏮️ ⏏ 💪 ⚠ & ⚠. ✋️ 🕐❔ **👷 ⏮️ 📦** 🌅 💼 👈 🛠️ 🔌 🔢. 👶 + +## 🧬 - 🔢 🛠️ + +🚥 👆 ✔️ 🌑 🎰 ⏮️ **☁**, ☁ 🐝 📳, 🖖, ⚖️ ➕1️⃣ 🎏 🏗 ⚙️ 🛠️ 📎 📦 🔛 💗 🎰, ⤴️ 👆 🔜 🎲 💚 **🍵 🧬** **🌑 🎚** ↩️ ⚙️ **🛠️ 👨‍💼** (💖 🐁 ⏮️ 👨‍🏭) 🔠 📦. + +1️⃣ 📚 📎 📦 🧾 ⚙️ 💖 Kubernetes 🛎 ✔️ 🛠️ 🌌 🚚 **🧬 📦** ⏪ 🔗 **📐 ⚖** 📨 📨. 🌐 **🌑 🎚**. + +📚 💼, 👆 🔜 🎲 💚 🏗 **☁ 🖼 ⚪️➡️ 🖌** [🔬 🔛](#dockerfile), ❎ 👆 🔗, & 🏃‍♂ **👁 Uvicorn 🛠️** ↩️ 🏃‍♂ 🕳 💖 🐁 ⏮️ Uvicorn 👨‍🏭. + +### 📐 ⚙ + +🕐❔ ⚙️ 📦, 👆 🔜 🛎 ✔️ 🦲 **👂 🔛 👑 ⛴**. ⚫️ 💪 🎲 ➕1️⃣ 📦 👈 **🤝 ❎ 🗳** 🍵 **🇺🇸🔍** ⚖️ 🎏 🧰. + +👉 🦲 🔜 ✊ **📐** 📨 & 📎 👈 👪 👨‍🏭 (🤞) **⚖** 🌌, ⚫️ 🛎 🤙 **📐 ⚙**. + +!!! tip + 🎏 **🤝 ❎ 🗳** 🦲 ⚙️ 🇺🇸🔍 🔜 🎲 **📐 ⚙**. + +& 🕐❔ 👷 ⏮️ 📦, 🎏 ⚙️ 👆 ⚙️ ▶️ & 🛠️ 👫 🔜 ⏪ ✔️ 🔗 🧰 📶 **🕸 📻** (✅ 🇺🇸🔍 📨) ⚪️➡️ 👈 **📐 ⚙** (👈 💪 **🤝 ❎ 🗳**) 📦(Ⓜ) ⏮️ 👆 📱. + +### 1️⃣ 📐 ⚙ - 💗 👨‍🏭 📦 + +🕐❔ 👷 ⏮️ **Kubernetes** ⚖️ 🎏 📎 📦 🧾 ⚙️, ⚙️ 👫 🔗 🕸 🛠️ 🔜 ✔ 👁 **📐 ⚙** 👈 👂 🔛 👑 **⛴** 📶 📻 (📨) 🎲 **💗 📦** 🏃 👆 📱. + +🔠 👫 📦 🏃‍♂ 👆 📱 🔜 🛎 ✔️ **1️⃣ 🛠️** (✅ Uvicorn 🛠️ 🏃 👆 FastAPI 🈸). 👫 🔜 🌐 **🌓 📦**, 🏃‍♂ 🎏 👜, ✋️ 🔠 ⏮️ 🚮 👍 🛠️, 💾, ♒️. 👈 🌌 👆 🔜 ✊ 📈 **🛠️** **🎏 🐚** 💽, ⚖️ **🎏 🎰**. + +& 📎 📦 ⚙️ ⏮️ **📐 ⚙** 🔜 **📎 📨** 🔠 1️⃣ 📦 ⏮️ 👆 📱 **🔄**. , 🔠 📨 💪 🍵 1️⃣ 💗 **🔁 📦** 🏃 👆 📱. + +& 🛎 👉 **📐 ⚙** 🔜 💪 🍵 📨 👈 🚶 *🎏* 📱 👆 🌑 (✅ 🎏 🆔, ⚖️ 🔽 🎏 📛 ➡ 🔡), & 🔜 📶 👈 📻 ▶️️ 📦 *👈 🎏* 🈸 🏃‍♂ 👆 🌑. + +### 1️⃣ 🛠️ 📍 📦 + +👉 🆎 😐, 👆 🎲 🔜 💚 ✔️ **👁 (Uvicorn) 🛠️ 📍 📦**, 👆 🔜 ⏪ 🚚 🧬 🌑 🎚. + +, 👉 💼, 👆 **🔜 🚫** 💚 ✔️ 🛠️ 👨‍💼 💖 🐁 ⏮️ Uvicorn 👨‍🏭, ⚖️ Uvicorn ⚙️ 🚮 👍 Uvicorn 👨‍🏭. 👆 🔜 💚 ✔️ **👁 Uvicorn 🛠️** 📍 📦 (✋️ 🎲 💗 📦). + +✔️ ➕1️⃣ 🛠️ 👨‍💼 🔘 📦 (🔜 ⏮️ 🐁 ⚖️ Uvicorn 🛠️ Uvicorn 👨‍🏭) 🔜 🕴 🚮 **🙃 🔀** 👈 👆 🌅 🎲 ⏪ ✊ 💅 ⏮️ 👆 🌑 ⚙️. + +### 📦 ⏮️ 💗 🛠️ & 🎁 💼 + +↗️, 📤 **🎁 💼** 🌐❔ 👆 💪 💚 ✔️ **📦** ⏮️ **🐁 🛠️ 👨‍💼** ▶️ 📚 **Uvicorn 👨‍🏭 🛠️** 🔘. + +📚 💼, 👆 💪 ⚙️ **🛂 ☁ 🖼** 👈 🔌 **🐁** 🛠️ 👨‍💼 🏃‍♂ 💗 **Uvicorn 👨‍🏭 🛠️**, & 🔢 ⚒ 🔆 🔢 👨‍🏭 ⚓️ 🔛 ⏮️ 💽 🐚 🔁. 👤 🔜 💬 👆 🌅 🔃 ⚫️ 🔛 [🛂 ☁ 🖼 ⏮️ 🐁 - Uvicorn](#official-docker-image-with-gunicorn-uvicorn). + +📥 🖼 🕐❔ 👈 💪 ⚒ 🔑: + +#### 🙅 📱 + +👆 💪 💚 🛠️ 👨‍💼 📦 🚥 👆 🈸 **🙅 🥃** 👈 👆 🚫 💪 (🐥 🚫) 👌-🎶 🔢 🛠️ 💁‍♂️ 🌅, & 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🏧 🔢 (⏮️ 🛂 ☁ 🖼), & 👆 🏃‍♂ ⚫️ 🔛 **👁 💽**, 🚫 🌑. + +#### ☁ ✍ + +👆 💪 🛠️ **👁 💽** (🚫 🌑) ⏮️ **☁ ✍**, 👆 🚫🔜 ✔️ ⏩ 🌌 🛠️ 🧬 📦 (⏮️ ☁ ✍) ⏪ 🛡 🔗 🕸 & **📐 ⚖**. + +⤴️ 👆 💪 💚 ✔️ **👁 📦** ⏮️ **🛠️ 👨‍💼** ▶️ **📚 👨‍🏭 🛠️** 🔘. + +#### 🤴 & 🎏 🤔 + +👆 💪 ✔️ **🎏 🤔** 👈 🔜 ⚒ ⚫️ ⏩ ✔️ **👁 📦** ⏮️ **💗 🛠️** ↩️ ✔️ **💗 📦** ⏮️ **👁 🛠️** 🔠 👫. + +🖼 (🪀 🔛 👆 🖥) 👆 💪 ✔️ 🧰 💖 🤴 🏭 🎏 📦 👈 🔜 ✔️ 🔐 **🔠 📨** 👈 👟. + +👉 💼, 🚥 👆 ✔️ **💗 📦**, 🔢, 🕐❔ 🤴 👟 **✍ ⚖**, ⚫️ 🔜 🤚 🕐 **👁 📦 🔠 🕰** (📦 👈 🍵 👈 🎯 📨), ↩️ 🤚 **📈 ⚖** 🌐 🔁 📦. + +⤴️, 👈 💼, ⚫️ 💪 🙅 ✔️ **1️⃣ 📦** ⏮️ **💗 🛠️**, & 🇧🇿 🧰 (✅ 🤴 🏭) 🔛 🎏 📦 📈 🤴 ⚖ 🌐 🔗 🛠️ & 🎦 👈 ⚖ 🔛 👈 👁 📦. + +--- + +👑 ☝, **👌** 👉 **🚫 ✍ 🗿** 👈 👆 ✔️ 😄 ⏩. 👆 💪 ⚙️ 👫 💭 **🔬 👆 👍 ⚙️ 💼** & 💭 ⚫️❔ 👍 🎯 👆 ⚙️, ✅ 👅 ❔ 🛠️ 🔧: + +* 💂‍♂ - 🇺🇸🔍 +* 🏃‍♂ 🔛 🕴 +* ⏏ +* 🧬 (🔢 🛠️ 🏃) +* 💾 +* ⏮️ 🔁 ⏭ ▶️ + +## 💾 + +🚥 👆 🏃 **👁 🛠️ 📍 📦** 👆 🔜 ✔️ 🌅 ⚖️ 🌘 👍-🔬, ⚖, & 📉 💸 💾 🍴 🔠 👈 📦 (🌅 🌘 1️⃣ 🚥 👫 🔁). + +& ⤴️ 👆 💪 ⚒ 👈 🎏 💾 📉 & 📄 👆 📳 👆 📦 🧾 ⚙️ (🖼 **Kubernetes**). 👈 🌌 ⚫️ 🔜 💪 **🔁 📦** **💪 🎰** ✊ 🔘 🏧 💸 💾 💪 👫, & 💸 💪 🎰 🌑. + +🚥 👆 🈸 **🙅**, 👉 🔜 🎲 **🚫 ⚠**, & 👆 💪 🚫 💪 ✔ 🏋️ 💾 📉. ✋️ 🚥 👆 **⚙️ 📚 💾** (🖼 ⏮️ **🎰 🏫** 🏷), 👆 🔜 ✅ ❔ 🌅 💾 👆 😩 & 🔆 **🔢 📦** 👈 🏃 **🔠 🎰** (& 🎲 🚮 🌖 🎰 👆 🌑). + +🚥 👆 🏃 **💗 🛠️ 📍 📦** (🖼 ⏮️ 🛂 ☁ 🖼) 👆 🔜 ✔️ ⚒ 💭 👈 🔢 🛠️ ▶️ 🚫 **🍴 🌖 💾** 🌘 ⚫️❔ 💪. + +## ⏮️ 🔁 ⏭ ▶️ & 📦 + +🚥 👆 ⚙️ 📦 (✅ ☁, Kubernetes), ⤴️ 📤 2️⃣ 👑 🎯 👆 💪 ⚙️. + +### 💗 📦 + +🚥 👆 ✔️ **💗 📦**, 🎲 🔠 1️⃣ 🏃 **👁 🛠️** (🖼, **Kubernetes** 🌑), ⤴️ 👆 🔜 🎲 💚 ✔️ **🎏 📦** 🔨 👷 **⏮️ 📶** 👁 📦, 🏃 👁 🛠️, **⏭** 🏃 🔁 👨‍🏭 📦. + +!!! info + 🚥 👆 ⚙️ Kubernetes, 👉 🔜 🎲 🕑 📦. + +🚥 👆 ⚙️ 💼 📤 🙅‍♂ ⚠ 🏃‍♂ 👈 ⏮️ 📶 **💗 🕰 🔗** (🖼 🚥 👆 🚫 🏃 💽 🛠️, ✋️ ✅ 🚥 💽 🔜), ⤴️ 👆 💪 🚮 👫 🔠 📦 ▶️️ ⏭ ▶️ 👑 🛠️. + +### 👁 📦 + +🚥 👆 ✔️ 🙅 🖥, ⏮️ **👁 📦** 👈 ⤴️ ▶️ 💗 **👨‍🏭 🛠️** (⚖️ 1️⃣ 🛠️), ⤴️ 👆 💪 🏃 👈 ⏮️ 🔁 🎏 📦, ▶️️ ⏭ ▶️ 🛠️ ⏮️ 📱. 🛂 ☁ 🖼 🐕‍🦺 👉 🔘. + +## 🛂 ☁ 🖼 ⏮️ 🐁 - Uvicorn + +📤 🛂 ☁ 🖼 👈 🔌 🐁 🏃‍♂ ⏮️ Uvicorn 👨‍🏭, ℹ ⏮️ 📃: [💽 👨‍🏭 - 🐁 ⏮️ Uvicorn](./server-workers.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +👉 🖼 🔜 ⚠ ✴️ ⚠ 🔬 🔛: [📦 ⏮️ 💗 🛠️ & 🎁 💼](#containers-with-multiple-processes-and-special-cases). + +* tiangolo/uvicorn-🐁-fastapi. + +!!! warning + 📤 ↕ 🤞 👈 👆 **🚫** 💪 👉 🧢 🖼 ⚖️ 🙆 🎏 🎏 1️⃣, & 🔜 👻 📆 🏗 🖼 ⚪️➡️ 🖌 [🔬 🔛: 🏗 ☁ 🖼 FastAPI](#build-a-docker-image-for-fastapi). + +👉 🖼 ✔️ **🚘-📳** 🛠️ 🔌 ⚒ **🔢 👨‍🏭 🛠️** ⚓️ 🔛 💽 🐚 💪. + +⚫️ ✔️ **🤔 🔢**, ✋️ 👆 💪 🔀 & ℹ 🌐 📳 ⏮️ **🌐 🔢** ⚖️ 📳 📁. + +⚫️ 🐕‍🦺 🏃 **⏮️ 🔁 ⏭ ▶️** ⏮️ ✍. + +!!! tip + 👀 🌐 📳 & 🎛, 🚶 ☁ 🖼 📃: Tiangolo/uvicorn-🐁-fastapi. + +### 🔢 🛠️ 🔛 🛂 ☁ 🖼 + +**🔢 🛠️** 🔛 👉 🖼 **📊 🔁** ⚪️➡️ 💽 **🐚** 💪. + +👉 ⛓ 👈 ⚫️ 🔜 🔄 **🗜** 🌅 **🎭** ⚪️➡️ 💽 💪. + +👆 💪 🔆 ⚫️ ⏮️ 📳 ⚙️ **🌐 🔢**, ♒️. + +✋️ ⚫️ ⛓ 👈 🔢 🛠️ 🪀 🔛 💽 📦 🏃, **💸 💾 🍴** 🔜 🪀 🔛 👈. + +, 🚥 👆 🈸 🍴 📚 💾 (🖼 ⏮️ 🎰 🏫 🏷), & 👆 💽 ✔️ 📚 💽 🐚 **✋️ 🐥 💾**, ⤴️ 👆 📦 💪 🔚 🆙 🔄 ⚙️ 🌅 💾 🌘 ⚫️❔ 💪, & 🤕 🎭 📚 (⚖️ 💥). 👶 + +### ✍ `Dockerfile` + +📥 ❔ 👆 🔜 ✍ `Dockerfile` ⚓️ 🔛 👉 🖼: + +```Dockerfile +FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.9 + +COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /app/requirements.txt + +COPY ./app /app +``` + +### 🦏 🈸 + +🚥 👆 ⏩ 📄 🔃 🏗 [🦏 🈸 ⏮️ 💗 📁](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, 👆 `Dockerfile` 💪 ↩️ 👀 💖: + +```Dockerfile hl_lines="7" +FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.9 + +COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /app/requirements.txt + +COPY ./app /app/app +``` + +### 🕐❔ ⚙️ + +👆 🔜 🎲 **🚫** ⚙️ 👉 🛂 🧢 🖼 (⚖️ 🙆 🎏 🎏 1️⃣) 🚥 👆 ⚙️ **Kubernetes** (⚖️ 🎏) & 👆 ⏪ ⚒ **🧬** 🌑 🎚, ⏮️ 💗 **📦**. 📚 💼, 👆 👍 📆 **🏗 🖼 ⚪️➡️ 🖌** 🔬 🔛: [🏗 ☁ 🖼 FastAPI](#build-a-docker-image-for-fastapi). + +👉 🖼 🔜 ⚠ ✴️ 🎁 💼 🔬 🔛 [📦 ⏮️ 💗 🛠️ & 🎁 💼](#containers-with-multiple-processes-and-special-cases). 🖼, 🚥 👆 🈸 **🙅 🥃** 👈 ⚒ 🔢 🔢 🛠️ ⚓️ 🔛 💽 👷 👍, 👆 🚫 💚 😥 ⏮️ ❎ 🛠️ 🧬 🌑 🎚, & 👆 🚫 🏃 🌅 🌘 1️⃣ 📦 ⏮️ 👆 📱. ⚖️ 🚥 👆 🛠️ ⏮️ **☁ ✍**, 🏃 🔛 👁 💽, ♒️. + +## 🛠️ 📦 🖼 + +⏮️ ✔️ 📦 (☁) 🖼 📤 📚 🌌 🛠️ ⚫️. + +🖼: + +* ⏮️ **☁ ✍** 👁 💽 +* ⏮️ **Kubernetes** 🌑 +* ⏮️ ☁ 🐝 📳 🌑 +* ⏮️ ➕1️⃣ 🧰 💖 🖖 +* ⏮️ ☁ 🐕‍🦺 👈 ✊ 👆 📦 🖼 & 🛠️ ⚫️ + +## ☁ 🖼 ⏮️ 🎶 + +🚥 👆 ⚙️ 🎶 🛠️ 👆 🏗 🔗, 👆 💪 ⚙️ ☁ 👁-▶️ 🏗: + +```{ .dockerfile .annotate } +# (1) +FROM python:3.9 as requirements-stage + +# (2) +WORKDIR /tmp + +# (3) +RUN pip install poetry + +# (4) +COPY ./pyproject.toml ./poetry.lock* /tmp/ + +# (5) +RUN poetry export -f requirements.txt --output requirements.txt --without-hashes + +# (6) +FROM python:3.9 + +# (7) +WORKDIR /code + +# (8) +COPY --from=requirements-stage /tmp/requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +# (9) +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +# (10) +COPY ./app /code/app + +# (11) +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +1️⃣. 👉 🥇 ▶️, ⚫️ 🌟 `requirements-stage`. + +2️⃣. ⚒ `/tmp` ⏮️ 👷 📁. + + 📥 🌐❔ 👥 🔜 🏗 📁 `requirements.txt` + +3️⃣. ❎ 🎶 👉 ☁ ▶️. + +4️⃣. 📁 `pyproject.toml` & `poetry.lock` 📁 `/tmp` 📁. + + ↩️ ⚫️ ⚙️ `./poetry.lock*` (▶️ ⏮️ `*`), ⚫️ 🏆 🚫 💥 🚥 👈 📁 🚫 💪. + +5️⃣. 🏗 `requirements.txt` 📁. + +6️⃣. 👉 🏁 ▶️, 🕳 📥 🔜 🛡 🏁 📦 🖼. + +7️⃣. ⚒ ⏮️ 👷 📁 `/code`. + +8️⃣. 📁 `requirements.txt` 📁 `/code` 📁. + + 👉 📁 🕴 🖖 ⏮️ ☁ ▶️, 👈 ⚫️❔ 👥 ⚙️ `--from-requirements-stage` 📁 ⚫️. + +9️⃣. ❎ 📦 🔗 🏗 `requirements.txt` 📁. + +1️⃣0️⃣. 📁 `app` 📁 `/code` 📁. + +1️⃣1️⃣. 🏃 `uvicorn` 📋, 💬 ⚫️ ⚙️ `app` 🎚 🗄 ⚪️➡️ `app.main`. + +!!! tip + 🖊 💭 🔢 👀 ⚫️❔ 🔠 ⏸ 🔨. + +**☁ ▶️** 🍕 `Dockerfile` 👈 👷 **🍕 📦 🖼** 👈 🕴 ⚙️ 🏗 📁 ⚙️ ⏪. + +🥇 ▶️ 🔜 🕴 ⚙️ **❎ 🎶** & **🏗 `requirements.txt`** ⏮️ 👆 🏗 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 🎶 `pyproject.toml` 📁. + +👉 `requirements.txt` 📁 🔜 ⚙️ ⏮️ `pip` ⏪ **⏭ ▶️**. + +🏁 📦 🖼 **🕴 🏁 ▶️** 🛡. ⏮️ ▶️(Ⓜ) 🔜 ❎. + +🕐❔ ⚙️ 🎶, ⚫️ 🔜 ⚒ 🔑 ⚙️ **☁ 👁-▶️ 🏗** ↩️ 👆 🚫 🤙 💪 ✔️ 🎶 & 🚮 🔗 ❎ 🏁 📦 🖼, 👆 **🕴 💪** ✔️ 🏗 `requirements.txt` 📁 ❎ 👆 🏗 🔗. + +⤴️ ⏭ (& 🏁) ▶️ 👆 🔜 🏗 🖼 🌅 ⚖️ 🌘 🎏 🌌 🔬 ⏭. + +### ⛅ 🤝 ❎ 🗳 - 🎶 + +🔄, 🚥 👆 🏃‍♂ 👆 📦 ⛅ 🤝 ❎ 🗳 (📐 ⚙) 💖 👌 ⚖️ Traefik, 🚮 🎛 `--proxy-headers` 📋: + +```Dockerfile +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--proxy-headers", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +## 🌃 + +⚙️ 📦 ⚙️ (✅ ⏮️ **☁** & **Kubernetes**) ⚫️ ▶️️ 📶 🎯 🍵 🌐 **🛠️ 🔧**: + +* 🇺🇸🔍 +* 🏃‍♂ 🔛 🕴 +* ⏏ +* 🧬 (🔢 🛠️ 🏃) +* 💾 +* ⏮️ 🔁 ⏭ ▶️ + +🌅 💼, 👆 🎲 🏆 🚫 💚 ⚙️ 🙆 🧢 🖼, & ↩️ **🏗 📦 🖼 ⚪️➡️ 🖌** 1️⃣ ⚓️ 🔛 🛂 🐍 ☁ 🖼. + +✊ 💅 **✔** 👩‍🌾 `Dockerfile` & **☁ 💾** 👆 💪 **📉 🏗 🕰**, 📉 👆 📈 (& ❎ 😩). 👶 + +🎯 🎁 💼, 👆 💪 💚 ⚙️ 🛂 ☁ 🖼 FastAPI. 👶 diff --git a/docs/em/docs/deployment/https.md b/docs/em/docs/deployment/https.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3feb3a2c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/deployment/https.md @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +# 🔃 🇺🇸🔍 + +⚫️ ⏩ 🤔 👈 🇺🇸🔍 🕳 👈 "🛠️" ⚖️ 🚫. + +✋️ ⚫️ 🌌 🌖 🏗 🌘 👈. + +!!! tip + 🚥 👆 🏃 ⚖️ 🚫 💅, 😣 ⏮️ ⏭ 📄 🔁 🔁 👩‍🌾 ⚒ 🌐 🆙 ⏮️ 🎏 ⚒. + +**💡 🔰 🇺🇸🔍**, ⚪️➡️ 🏬 🤔, ✅ https://howhttps.works/. + +🔜, ⚪️➡️ **👩‍💻 🤔**, 📥 📚 👜 ✔️ 🤯 ⏪ 💭 🔃 🇺🇸🔍: + +* 🇺🇸🔍, **💽** 💪 **✔️ "📄"** 🏗 **🥉 🥳**. + * 📚 📄 🤙 **🏆** ⚪️➡️ 🥉 🥳, 🚫 "🏗". +* 📄 ✔️ **1️⃣2️⃣🗓️**. + * 👫 **🕛**. + * & ⤴️ 👫 💪 **♻**, **🏆 🔄** ⚪️➡️ 🥉 🥳. +* 🔐 🔗 🔨 **🕸 🎚**. + * 👈 1️⃣ 🧽 **🔛 🇺🇸🔍**. + * , **📄 & 🔐** 🍵 🔨 **⏭ 🇺🇸🔍**. +* **🕸 🚫 💭 🔃 "🆔"**. 🕴 🔃 📢 📢. + * ℹ 🔃 **🎯 🆔** 📨 🚶 **🇺🇸🔍 💽**. +* **🇺🇸🔍 📄** "✔" **🎯 🆔**, ✋️ 🛠️ & 🔐 🔨 🕸 🎚, **⏭ 💭** ❔ 🆔 ➖ 🙅 ⏮️. +* **🔢**, 👈 🔜 ⛓ 👈 👆 💪 🕴 ✔️ **1️⃣ 🇺🇸🔍 📄 📍 📢 📢**. + * 🙅‍♂ 🤔 ❔ 🦏 👆 💽 ⚖️ ❔ 🤪 🔠 🈸 👆 ✔️ 🔛 ⚫️ 💪. + * 📤 **⚗** 👉, 👐. +* 📤 **↔** **🤝** 🛠️ (1️⃣ 🚚 🔐 🕸 🎚, ⏭ 🇺🇸🔍) 🤙 **👲**. + * 👉 👲 ↔ ✔ 1️⃣ 👁 💽 (⏮️ **👁 📢 📢**) ✔️ **📚 🇺🇸🔍 📄** & 🍦 **💗 🇺🇸🔍 🆔/🈸**. + * 👉 👷, **👁** 🦲 (📋) 🏃 🔛 💽, 👂 🔛 **📢 📢 📢**, 🔜 ✔️ **🌐 🇺🇸🔍 📄** 💽. +* **⏮️** 🏆 🔐 🔗, 📻 🛠️ **🇺🇸🔍**. + * 🎚 **🗜**, ✋️ 👫 ➖ 📨 ⏮️ **🇺🇸🔍 🛠️**. + +⚫️ ⚠ 💡 ✔️ **1️⃣ 📋/🇺🇸🔍 💽** 🏃 🔛 💽 (🎰, 🦠, ♒️.) & **🛠️ 🌐 🇺🇸🔍 🍕**: 📨 **🗜 🇺🇸🔍 📨**, 📨 **🗜 🇺🇸🔍 📨** ☑ 🇺🇸🔍 🈸 🏃 🎏 💽 ( **FastAPI** 🈸, 👉 💼), ✊ **🇺🇸🔍 📨** ⚪️➡️ 🈸, **🗜 ⚫️** ⚙️ ☑ **🇺🇸🔍 📄** & 📨 ⚫️ 🔙 👩‍💻 ⚙️ **🇺🇸🔍**. 👉 💽 🛎 🤙 **🤝 ❎ 🗳**. + +🎛 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🤝 ❎ 🗳: + +* Traefik (👈 💪 🍵 📄 🔕) +* 📥 (👈 💪 🍵 📄 🔕) +* 👌 +* ✳ + +## ➡️ 🗜 + +⏭ ➡️ 🗜, 👫 **🇺🇸🔍 📄** 💲 💙 🥉 🥳. + +🛠️ 📎 1️⃣ 👫 📄 ⚙️ ⚠, 🚚 📠 & 📄 😥. + +✋️ ⤴️ **➡️ 🗜** ✍. + +⚫️ 🏗 ⚪️➡️ 💾 🏛. ⚫️ 🚚 **🇺🇸🔍 📄 🆓**, 🏧 🌌. 👫 📄 ⚙️ 🌐 🐩 🔐 💂‍♂, & 📏-🖖 (🔃 3️⃣ 🗓️), **💂‍♂ 🤙 👍** ↩️ 👫 📉 🔆. + +🆔 🔐 ✔ & 📄 🏗 🔁. 👉 ✔ 🏧 🔕 👫 📄. + +💭 🏧 🛠️ & 🔕 👫 📄 👈 👆 💪 ✔️ **🔐 🇺🇸🔍, 🆓, ♾**. + +## 🇺🇸🔍 👩‍💻 + +📥 🖼 ❔ 🇺🇸🔍 🛠️ 💪 👀 💖, 🔁 🔁, 💸 🙋 ✴️ 💭 ⚠ 👩‍💻. + +### 🆔 📛 + +⚫️ 🔜 🎲 🌐 ▶️ 👆 **🏗** **🆔 📛**. ⤴️, 👆 🔜 🔗 ⚫️ 🏓 💽 (🎲 👆 🎏 ☁ 🐕‍🦺). + +👆 🔜 🎲 🤚 ☁ 💽 (🕹 🎰) ⚖️ 🕳 🎏, & ⚫️ 🔜 ✔️ 🔧 **📢 📢 📢**. + +🏓 💽(Ⓜ) 👆 🔜 🔗 ⏺ ("`A record`") ☝ **👆 🆔** 📢 **📢 📢 👆 💽**. + +👆 🔜 🎲 👉 🕐, 🥇 🕰, 🕐❔ ⚒ 🌐 🆙. + +!!! tip + 👉 🆔 📛 🍕 🌌 ⏭ 🇺🇸🔍, ✋️ 🌐 🪀 🔛 🆔 & 📢 📢, ⚫️ 💸 💬 ⚫️ 📥. + +### 🏓 + +🔜 ➡️ 🎯 🔛 🌐 ☑ 🇺🇸🔍 🍕. + +🥇, 🖥 🔜 ✅ ⏮️ **🏓 💽** ⚫️❔ **📢 🆔**, 👉 💼, `someapp.example.com`. + +🏓 💽 🔜 💬 🖥 ⚙️ 🎯 **📢 📢**. 👈 🔜 📢 📢 📢 ⚙️ 👆 💽, 👈 👆 🔗 🏓 💽. + + + +### 🤝 🤝 ▶️ + +🖥 🔜 ⤴️ 🔗 ⏮️ 👈 📢 📢 🔛 **⛴ 4️⃣4️⃣3️⃣** (🇺🇸🔍 ⛴). + +🥇 🍕 📻 🛠️ 🔗 🖖 👩‍💻 & 💽 & 💭 🔐 🔑 👫 🔜 ⚙️, ♒️. + + + +👉 🔗 🖖 👩‍💻 & 💽 🛠️ 🤝 🔗 🤙 **🤝 🤝**. + +### 🤝 ⏮️ 👲 ↔ + +**🕴 1️⃣ 🛠️** 💽 💪 👂 🔛 🎯 **⛴** 🎯 **📢 📢**. 📤 💪 🎏 🛠️ 👂 🔛 🎏 ⛴ 🎏 📢 📢, ✋️ 🕴 1️⃣ 🔠 🌀 📢 📢 & ⛴. + +🤝 (🇺🇸🔍) ⚙️ 🎯 ⛴ `443` 🔢. 👈 ⛴ 👥 🔜 💪. + +🕴 1️⃣ 🛠️ 💪 👂 🔛 👉 ⛴, 🛠️ 👈 🔜 ⚫️ 🔜 **🤝 ❎ 🗳**. + +🤝 ❎ 🗳 🔜 ✔️ 🔐 1️⃣ ⚖️ 🌅 **🤝 📄** (🇺🇸🔍 📄). + +⚙️ **👲 ↔** 🔬 🔛, 🤝 ❎ 🗳 🔜 ✅ ❔ 🤝 (🇺🇸🔍) 📄 💪 ⚫️ 🔜 ⚙️ 👉 🔗, ⚙️ 1️⃣ 👈 🏏 🆔 📈 👩‍💻. + +👉 💼, ⚫️ 🔜 ⚙️ 📄 `someapp.example.com`. + + + +👩‍💻 ⏪ **💙** 👨‍💼 👈 🏗 👈 🤝 📄 (👉 💼 ➡️ 🗜, ✋️ 👥 🔜 👀 🔃 👈 ⏪), ⚫️ 💪 **✔** 👈 📄 ☑. + +⤴️, ⚙️ 📄, 👩‍💻 & 🤝 ❎ 🗳 **💭 ❔ 🗜** 🎂 **🕸 📻**. 👉 🏁 **🤝 🤝** 🍕. + +⏮️ 👉, 👩‍💻 & 💽 ✔️ **🗜 🕸 🔗**, 👉 ⚫️❔ 🤝 🚚. & ⤴️ 👫 💪 ⚙️ 👈 🔗 ▶️ ☑ **🇺🇸🔍 📻**. + +& 👈 ⚫️❔ **🇺🇸🔍** , ⚫️ ✅ **🇺🇸🔍** 🔘 **🔐 🤝 🔗** ↩️ 😁 (💽) 🕸 🔗. + +!!! tip + 👀 👈 🔐 📻 🔨 **🕸 🎚**, 🚫 🇺🇸🔍 🎚. + +### 🇺🇸🔍 📨 + +🔜 👈 👩‍💻 & 💽 (🎯 🖥 & 🤝 ❎ 🗳) ✔️ **🗜 🕸 🔗**, 👫 💪 ▶️ **🇺🇸🔍 📻**. + +, 👩‍💻 📨 **🇺🇸🔍 📨**. 👉 🇺🇸🔍 📨 🔘 🗜 🤝 🔗. + + + +### 🗜 📨 + +🤝 ❎ 🗳 🔜 ⚙️ 🔐 ✔ **🗜 📨**, & 🔜 📶 **✅ (🗜) 🇺🇸🔍 📨** 🛠️ 🏃 🈸 (🖼 🛠️ ⏮️ Uvicorn 🏃‍♂ FastAPI 🈸). + + + +### 🇺🇸🔍 📨 + +🈸 🔜 🛠️ 📨 & 📨 **✅ (💽) 🇺🇸🔍 📨** 🤝 ❎ 🗳. + + + +### 🇺🇸🔍 📨 + +🤝 ❎ 🗳 🔜 ⤴️ **🗜 📨** ⚙️ ⚛ ✔ ⏭ (👈 ▶️ ⏮️ 📄 `someapp.example.com`), & 📨 ⚫️ 🔙 🖥. + +⏭, 🖥 🔜 ✔ 👈 📨 ☑ & 🗜 ⏮️ ▶️️ 🔐 🔑, ♒️. ⚫️ 🔜 ⤴️ **🗜 📨** & 🛠️ ⚫️. + + + +👩‍💻 (🖥) 🔜 💭 👈 📨 👟 ⚪️➡️ ☑ 💽 ↩️ ⚫️ ⚙️ ⚛ 👫 ✔ ⚙️ **🇺🇸🔍 📄** ⏭. + +### 💗 🈸 + +🎏 💽 (⚖️ 💽), 📤 💪 **💗 🈸**, 🖼, 🎏 🛠️ 📋 ⚖️ 💽. + +🕴 1️⃣ 🛠️ 💪 🚚 🎯 📢 & ⛴ (🤝 ❎ 🗳 👆 🖼) ✋️ 🎏 🈸/🛠️ 💪 🏃 🔛 💽(Ⓜ) 💁‍♂️, 📏 👫 🚫 🔄 ⚙️ 🎏 **🌀 📢 📢 & ⛴**. + + + +👈 🌌, 🤝 ❎ 🗳 💪 🍵 🇺🇸🔍 & 📄 **💗 🆔**, 💗 🈸, & ⤴️ 📶 📨 ▶️️ 🈸 🔠 💼. + +### 📄 🔕 + +☝ 🔮, 🔠 📄 🔜 **🕛** (🔃 3️⃣ 🗓️ ⏮️ 🏗 ⚫️). + +& ⤴️, 📤 🔜 ➕1️⃣ 📋 (💼 ⚫️ ➕1️⃣ 📋, 💼 ⚫️ 💪 🎏 🤝 ❎ 🗳) 👈 🔜 💬 ➡️ 🗜, & ♻ 📄(Ⓜ). + + + +**🤝 📄** **🔗 ⏮️ 🆔 📛**, 🚫 ⏮️ 📢 📢. + +, ♻ 📄, 🔕 📋 💪 **🎦** 🛃 (➡️ 🗜) 👈 ⚫️ 👐 **"👍" & 🎛 👈 🆔**. + +👈, & 🏗 🎏 🈸 💪, 📤 📚 🌌 ⚫️ 💪 ⚫️. 🌟 🌌: + +* **🔀 🏓 ⏺**. + * 👉, 🔕 📋 💪 🐕‍🦺 🔗 🏓 🐕‍🦺,, ⚓️ 🔛 🏓 🐕‍🦺 👆 ⚙️, 👉 5️⃣📆 ⚖️ 💪 🚫 🎛. +* **🏃 💽** (🌘 ⏮️ 📄 🛠️ 🛠️) 🔛 📢 📢 📢 🔗 ⏮️ 🆔. + * 👥 💬 🔛, 🕴 1️⃣ 🛠️ 💪 👂 🔛 🎯 📢 & ⛴. + * 👉 1️⃣ 🤔 ⚫️❔ ⚫️ 📶 ⚠ 🕐❔ 🎏 🤝 ❎ 🗳 ✊ 💅 📄 🔕 🛠️. + * ⏪, 👆 💪 ✔️ ⛔️ 🤝 ❎ 🗳 😖, ▶️ 🔕 📋 📎 📄, ⤴️ 🔗 👫 ⏮️ 🤝 ❎ 🗳, & ⤴️ ⏏ 🤝 ❎ 🗳. 👉 🚫 💯, 👆 📱(Ⓜ) 🔜 🚫 💪 ⏮️ 🕰 👈 🤝 ❎ 🗳 📆. + +🌐 👉 🔕 🛠️, ⏪ 🍦 📱, 1️⃣ 👑 🤔 ⚫️❔ 👆 🔜 💚 ✔️ **🎏 ⚙️ 🍵 🇺🇸🔍** ⏮️ 🤝 ❎ 🗳 ↩️ ⚙️ 🤝 📄 ⏮️ 🈸 💽 🔗 (✅ Uvicorn). + +## 🌃 + +✔️ **🇺🇸🔍** 📶 ⚠, & **🎯** 🏆 💼. 🌅 🎯 👆 👩‍💻 ✔️ 🚮 🤭 🇺🇸🔍 🔃 **🤔 👉 🔧** & ❔ 👫 👷. + +✋️ 🕐 👆 💭 🔰 ℹ **🇺🇸🔍 👩‍💻** 👆 💪 💪 🌀 & 🔗 🎏 🧰 ℹ 👆 🛠️ 🌐 🙅 🌌. + +⏭ 📃, 👤 🔜 🎦 👆 📚 🧱 🖼 ❔ ⚒ 🆙 **🇺🇸🔍** **FastAPI** 🈸. 👶 diff --git a/docs/em/docs/deployment/index.md b/docs/em/docs/deployment/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9bcf427b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/deployment/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# 🛠️ + +🛠️ **FastAPI** 🈸 📶 ⏩. + +## ⚫️❔ 🔨 🛠️ ⛓ + +**🛠️** 🈸 ⛓ 🎭 💪 📶 ⚒ ⚫️ **💪 👩‍💻**. + +**🕸 🛠️**, ⚫️ 🛎 🔌 🚮 ⚫️ **🛰 🎰**, ⏮️ **💽 📋** 👈 🚚 👍 🎭, ⚖, ♒️, 👈 👆 **👩‍💻** 💪 **🔐** 🈸 ♻ & 🍵 🔁 ⚖️ ⚠. + +👉 🔅 **🛠️** ▶️, 🌐❔ 👆 🕧 🔀 📟, 💔 ⚫️ & ♻ ⚫️, ⛔️ & 🔁 🛠️ 💽, ♒️. + +## 🛠️ 🎛 + +📤 📚 🌌 ⚫️ ⚓️ 🔛 👆 🎯 ⚙️ 💼 & 🧰 👈 👆 ⚙️. + +👆 💪 **🛠️ 💽** 👆 ⚙️ 🌀 🧰, 👆 💪 ⚙️ **☁ 🐕‍🦺** 👈 🔨 🍕 👷 👆, ⚖️ 🎏 💪 🎛. + +👤 🔜 🎦 👆 👑 🔧 👆 🔜 🎲 ✔️ 🤯 🕐❔ 🛠️ **FastAPI** 🈸 (👐 🌅 ⚫️ ✔ 🙆 🎏 🆎 🕸 🈸). + +👆 🔜 👀 🌖 ℹ ✔️ 🤯 & ⚒ ⚫️ ⏭ 📄. 👶 diff --git a/docs/em/docs/deployment/manually.md b/docs/em/docs/deployment/manually.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f27b423e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/deployment/manually.md @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +# 🏃 💽 ❎ - Uvicorn + +👑 👜 👆 💪 🏃 **FastAPI** 🈸 🛰 💽 🎰 🔫 💽 📋 💖 **Uvicorn**. + +📤 3️⃣ 👑 🎛: + +* Uvicorn: ↕ 🎭 🔫 💽. +* Hypercorn: 🔫 💽 🔗 ⏮️ 🇺🇸🔍/2️⃣ & 🎻 👪 🎏 ⚒. +* 👸: 🔫 💽 🏗 ✳ 📻. + +## 💽 🎰 & 💽 📋 + +📤 🤪 ℹ 🔃 📛 ✔️ 🤯. 👶 + +🔤 "**💽**" 🛎 ⚙️ 🔗 👯‍♂️ 🛰/☁ 💻 (⚛ ⚖️ 🕹 🎰) & 📋 👈 🏃‍♂ 🔛 👈 🎰 (✅ Uvicorn). + +✔️ 👈 🤯 🕐❔ 👆 ✍ "💽" 🏢, ⚫️ 💪 🔗 1️⃣ 📚 2️⃣ 👜. + +🕐❔ 🔗 🛰 🎰, ⚫️ ⚠ 🤙 ⚫️ **💽**, ✋️ **🎰**, **💾** (🕹 🎰), **🕸**. 👈 🌐 🔗 🆎 🛰 🎰, 🛎 🏃‍♂ 💾, 🌐❔ 👆 🏃 📋. + +## ❎ 💽 📋 + +👆 💪 ❎ 🔫 🔗 💽 ⏮️: + +=== "Uvicorn" + + * Uvicorn, 🌩-⏩ 🔫 💽, 🏗 🔛 uvloop & httptool. + +
+ + ```console + $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + + ---> 100% + ``` + +
+ + !!! tip + ❎ `standard`, Uvicorn 🔜 ❎ & ⚙️ 👍 ➕ 🔗. + + 👈 ✅ `uvloop`, ↕-🎭 💧-♻ `asyncio`, 👈 🚚 🦏 🛠️ 🎭 📈. + +=== "Hypercorn" + + * Hypercorn, 🔫 💽 🔗 ⏮️ 🇺🇸🔍/2️⃣. + +
+ + ```console + $ pip install hypercorn + + ---> 100% + ``` + +
+ + ...⚖️ 🙆 🎏 🔫 💽. + +## 🏃 💽 📋 + +👆 💪 ⤴️ 🏃 👆 🈸 🎏 🌌 👆 ✔️ ⌛ 🔰, ✋️ 🍵 `--reload` 🎛, ✅: + +=== "Uvicorn" + +
+ + ```console + $ uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 80 + + INFO: Uvicorn running on http://0.0.0.0:80 (Press CTRL+C to quit) + ``` + +
+ +=== "Hypercorn" + +
+ + ```console + $ hypercorn main:app --bind 0.0.0.0:80 + + Running on 0.0.0.0:8080 over http (CTRL + C to quit) + ``` + +
+ +!!! warning + 💭 ❎ `--reload` 🎛 🚥 👆 ⚙️ ⚫️. + + `--reload` 🎛 🍴 🌅 🌅 ℹ, 🌅 ⚠, ♒️. + + ⚫️ ℹ 📚 ⏮️ **🛠️**, ✋️ 👆 **🚫🔜 🚫** ⚙️ ⚫️ **🏭**. + +## Hypercorn ⏮️ 🎻 + +💃 & **FastAPI** ⚓️ 🔛 AnyIO, ❔ ⚒ 👫 🔗 ⏮️ 👯‍♂️ 🐍 🐩 🗃 ✳ & 🎻. + +👐, Uvicorn ⏳ 🕴 🔗 ⏮️ ✳, & ⚫️ 🛎 ⚙️ `uvloop`, ↕-🎭 💧-♻ `asyncio`. + +✋️ 🚥 👆 💚 🔗 ⚙️ **🎻**, ⤴️ 👆 💪 ⚙️ **Hypercorn** ⚫️ 🐕‍🦺 ⚫️. 👶 + +### ❎ Hypercorn ⏮️ 🎻 + +🥇 👆 💪 ❎ Hypercorn ⏮️ 🎻 🐕‍🦺: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "hypercorn[trio]" +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +### 🏃 ⏮️ 🎻 + +⤴️ 👆 💪 🚶‍♀️ 📋 ⏸ 🎛 `--worker-class` ⏮️ 💲 `trio`: + +
+ +```console +$ hypercorn main:app --worker-class trio +``` + +
+ +& 👈 🔜 ▶️ Hypercorn ⏮️ 👆 📱 ⚙️ 🎻 👩‍💻. + +🔜 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🎻 🔘 👆 📱. ⚖️ 👍, 👆 💪 ⚙️ AnyIO, 🚧 👆 📟 🔗 ⏮️ 👯‍♂️ 🎻 & ✳. 👶 + +## 🛠️ 🔧 + +👫 🖼 🏃 💽 📋 (📧.Ⓜ Uvicorn), ▶️ **👁 🛠️**, 👂 🔛 🌐 📢 (`0.0.0.0`) 🔛 🔁 ⛴ (✅ `80`). + +👉 🔰 💭. ✋️ 👆 🔜 🎲 💚 ✊ 💅 🌖 👜, 💖: + +* 💂‍♂ - 🇺🇸🔍 +* 🏃‍♂ 🔛 🕴 +* ⏏ +* 🧬 (🔢 🛠️ 🏃) +* 💾 +* ⏮️ 🔁 ⏭ ▶️ + +👤 🔜 💬 👆 🌅 🔃 🔠 👫 🔧, ❔ 💭 🔃 👫, & 🧱 🖼 ⏮️ 🎛 🍵 👫 ⏭ 📃. 👶 diff --git a/docs/em/docs/deployment/server-workers.md b/docs/em/docs/deployment/server-workers.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b7e58c4f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/deployment/server-workers.md @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ +# 💽 👨‍🏭 - 🐁 ⏮️ Uvicorn + +➡️ ✅ 🔙 👈 🛠️ 🔧 ⚪️➡️ ⏭: + +* 💂‍♂ - 🇺🇸🔍 +* 🏃‍♂ 🔛 🕴 +* ⏏ +* **🧬 (🔢 🛠️ 🏃)** +* 💾 +* ⏮️ 🔁 ⏭ ▶️ + +🆙 👉 ☝, ⏮️ 🌐 🔰 🩺, 👆 ✔️ 🎲 🏃‍♂ **💽 📋** 💖 Uvicorn, 🏃‍♂ **👁 🛠️**. + +🕐❔ 🛠️ 🈸 👆 🔜 🎲 💚 ✔️ **🧬 🛠️** ✊ 📈 **💗 🐚** & 💪 🍵 🌅 📨. + +👆 👀 ⏮️ 📃 🔃 [🛠️ 🔧](./concepts.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, 📤 💗 🎛 👆 💪 ⚙️. + +📥 👤 🔜 🎦 👆 ❔ ⚙️ **🐁** ⏮️ **Uvicorn 👨‍🏭 🛠️**. + +!!! info + 🚥 👆 ⚙️ 📦, 🖼 ⏮️ ☁ ⚖️ Kubernetes, 👤 🔜 💬 👆 🌅 🔃 👈 ⏭ 📃: [FastAPI 📦 - ☁](./docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + + 🎯, 🕐❔ 🏃 🔛 **Kubernetes** 👆 🔜 🎲 **🚫** 💚 ⚙️ 🐁 & ↩️ 🏃 **👁 Uvicorn 🛠️ 📍 📦**, ✋️ 👤 🔜 💬 👆 🔃 ⚫️ ⏪ 👈 📃. + +## 🐁 ⏮️ Uvicorn 👨‍🏭 + +**🐁** ✴️ 🈸 💽 ⚙️ **🇨🇻 🐩**. 👈 ⛓ 👈 🐁 💪 🍦 🈸 💖 🏺 & ✳. 🐁 ⚫️ 🚫 🔗 ⏮️ **FastAPI**, FastAPI ⚙️ 🆕 **🔫 🐩**. + +✋️ 🐁 🐕‍🦺 👷 **🛠️ 👨‍💼** & 🤝 👩‍💻 💬 ⚫️ ❔ 🎯 **👨‍🏭 🛠️ 🎓** ⚙️. ⤴️ 🐁 🔜 ▶️ 1️⃣ ⚖️ 🌖 **👨‍🏭 🛠️** ⚙️ 👈 🎓. + +& **Uvicorn** ✔️ **🐁-🔗 👨‍🏭 🎓**. + +⚙️ 👈 🌀, 🐁 🔜 🚫 **🛠️ 👨‍💼**, 👂 🔛 **⛴** & **📢**. & ⚫️ 🔜 **📶** 📻 👨‍🏭 🛠️ 🏃 **Uvicorn 🎓**. + +& ⤴️ 🐁-🔗 **Uvicorn 👨‍🏭** 🎓 🔜 🈚 🏭 📊 📨 🐁 🔫 🐩 FastAPI ⚙️ ⚫️. + +## ❎ 🐁 & Uvicorn + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" gunicorn + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +👈 🔜 ❎ 👯‍♂️ Uvicorn ⏮️ `standard` ➕ 📦 (🤚 ↕ 🎭) & 🐁. + +## 🏃 🐁 ⏮️ Uvicorn 👨‍🏭 + +⤴️ 👆 💪 🏃 🐁 ⏮️: + +
+ +```console +$ gunicorn main:app --workers 4 --worker-class uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker --bind 0.0.0.0:80 + +[19499] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.1.0 +[19499] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:80 (19499) +[19499] [INFO] Using worker: uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker +[19511] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19511 +[19513] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19513 +[19514] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19514 +[19515] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19515 +[19511] [INFO] Started server process [19511] +[19511] [INFO] Waiting for application startup. +[19511] [INFO] Application startup complete. +[19513] [INFO] Started server process [19513] +[19513] [INFO] Waiting for application startup. +[19513] [INFO] Application startup complete. +[19514] [INFO] Started server process [19514] +[19514] [INFO] Waiting for application startup. +[19514] [INFO] Application startup complete. +[19515] [INFO] Started server process [19515] +[19515] [INFO] Waiting for application startup. +[19515] [INFO] Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +➡️ 👀 ⚫️❔ 🔠 👈 🎛 ⛓: + +* `main:app`: 👉 🎏 ❕ ⚙️ Uvicorn, `main` ⛓ 🐍 🕹 📛 "`main`",, 📁 `main.py`. & `app` 📛 🔢 👈 **FastAPI** 🈸. + * 👆 💪 🌈 👈 `main:app` 🌓 🐍 `import` 📄 💖: + + ```Python + from main import app + ``` + + * , ❤ `main:app` 🔜 🌓 🐍 `import` 🍕 `from main import app`. +* `--workers`: 🔢 👨‍🏭 🛠️ ⚙️, 🔠 🔜 🏃 Uvicorn 👨‍🏭, 👉 💼, 4️⃣ 👨‍🏭. +* `--worker-class`: 🐁-🔗 👨‍🏭 🎓 ⚙️ 👨‍🏭 🛠️. + * 📥 👥 🚶‍♀️ 🎓 👈 🐁 💪 🗄 & ⚙️ ⏮️: + + ```Python + import uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker + ``` + +* `--bind`: 👉 💬 🐁 📢 & ⛴ 👂, ⚙️ ❤ (`:`) 🎏 📢 & ⛴. + * 🚥 👆 🏃‍♂ Uvicorn 🔗, ↩️ `--bind 0.0.0.0:80` (🐁 🎛) 👆 🔜 ⚙️ `--host 0.0.0.0` & `--port 80`. + +🔢, 👆 💪 👀 👈 ⚫️ 🎦 **🕹** (🛠️ 🆔) 🔠 🛠️ (⚫️ 🔢). + +👆 💪 👀 👈: + +* 🐁 **🛠️ 👨‍💼** ▶️ ⏮️ 🕹 `19499` (👆 💼 ⚫️ 🔜 🎏 🔢). +* ⤴️ ⚫️ ▶️ `Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:80`. +* ⤴️ ⚫️ 🔍 👈 ⚫️ ✔️ ⚙️ 👨‍🏭 🎓 `uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker`. +* & ⤴️ ⚫️ ▶️ **4️⃣ 👨‍🏭**, 🔠 ⏮️ 🚮 👍 🕹: `19511`, `19513`, `19514`, & `19515`. + +🐁 🔜 ✊ 💅 🛠️ **☠️ 🛠️** & **🔁** 🆕 🕐 🚥 💚 🚧 🔢 👨‍🏭. 👈 ℹ 🍕 ⏮️ **⏏** 🔧 ⚪️➡️ 📇 🔛. + +👐, 👆 🔜 🎲 💚 ✔️ 🕳 🏞 ⚒ 💭 **⏏ 🐁** 🚥 💪, & **🏃 ⚫️ 🔛 🕴**, ♒️. + +## Uvicorn ⏮️ 👨‍🏭 + +Uvicorn ✔️ 🎛 ▶️ & 🏃 📚 **👨‍🏭 🛠️**. + +👐, 🔜, Uvicorn 🛠️ 🚚 👨‍🏭 🛠️ 🌅 📉 🌘 🐁. , 🚥 👆 💚 ✔️ 🛠️ 👨‍💼 👉 🎚 (🐍 🎚), ⤴️ ⚫️ 💪 👍 🔄 ⏮️ 🐁 🛠️ 👨‍💼. + +🙆 💼, 👆 🔜 🏃 ⚫️ 💖 👉: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8080 --workers 4 +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://0.0.0.0:8080 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started parent process [27365] +INFO: Started server process [27368] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +INFO: Started server process [27369] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +INFO: Started server process [27370] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +INFO: Started server process [27367] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +🕴 🆕 🎛 📥 `--workers` 💬 Uvicorn ▶️ 4️⃣ 👨‍🏭 🛠️. + +👆 💪 👀 👈 ⚫️ 🎦 **🕹** 🔠 🛠️, `27365` 👪 🛠️ (👉 **🛠️ 👨‍💼**) & 1️⃣ 🔠 👨‍🏭 🛠️: `27368`, `27369`, `27370`, & `27367`. + +## 🛠️ 🔧 + +📥 👆 👀 ❔ ⚙️ **🐁** (⚖️ Uvicorn) 🛠️ **Uvicorn 👨‍🏭 🛠️** **🔁** 🛠️ 🈸, ✊ 📈 **💗 🐚** 💽, & 💪 🍦 **🌅 📨**. + +⚪️➡️ 📇 🛠️ 🔧 ⚪️➡️ 🔛, ⚙️ 👨‍🏭 🔜 ✴️ ℹ ⏮️ **🧬** 🍕, & 🐥 🍖 ⏮️ **⏏**, ✋️ 👆 💪 ✊ 💅 🎏: + +* **💂‍♂ - 🇺🇸🔍** +* **🏃‍♂ 🔛 🕴** +* ***⏏*** +* 🧬 (🔢 🛠️ 🏃) +* **💾** +* **⏮️ 🔁 ⏭ ▶️** + +## 📦 & ☁ + +⏭ 📃 🔃 [FastAPI 📦 - ☁](./docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 👤 🔜 💬 🎛 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🍵 🎏 **🛠️ 🔧**. + +👤 🔜 🎦 👆 **🛂 ☁ 🖼** 👈 🔌 **🐁 ⏮️ Uvicorn 👨‍🏭** & 🔢 📳 👈 💪 ⚠ 🙅 💼. + +📤 👤 🔜 🎦 👆 ❔ **🏗 👆 👍 🖼 ⚪️➡️ 🖌** 🏃 👁 Uvicorn 🛠️ (🍵 🐁). ⚫️ 🙅 🛠️ & 🎲 ⚫️❔ 👆 🔜 💚 🕐❔ ⚙️ 📎 📦 🧾 ⚙️ 💖 **Kubernetes**. + +## 🌃 + +👆 💪 ⚙️ **🐁** (⚖️ Uvicorn) 🛠️ 👨‍💼 ⏮️ Uvicorn 👨‍🏭 ✊ 📈 **👁-🐚 💽**, 🏃 **💗 🛠️ 🔗**. + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 👉 🧰 & 💭 🚥 👆 ⚒ 🆙 **👆 👍 🛠️ ⚙️** ⏪ ✊ 💅 🎏 🛠️ 🔧 👆. + +✅ 👅 ⏭ 📃 💡 🔃 **FastAPI** ⏮️ 📦 (✅ ☁ & Kubernetes). 👆 🔜 👀 👈 👈 🧰 ✔️ 🙅 🌌 ❎ 🎏 **🛠️ 🔧** 👍. 👶 diff --git a/docs/em/docs/deployment/versions.md b/docs/em/docs/deployment/versions.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8bfdf9731 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/deployment/versions.md @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +# 🔃 FastAPI ⏬ + +**FastAPI** ⏪ ➖ ⚙️ 🏭 📚 🈸 & ⚙️. & 💯 💰 🚧 1️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ 💯. ✋️ 🚮 🛠️ 🚚 🔜. + +🆕 ⚒ 🚮 🛎, 🐛 🔧 🛎, & 📟 🔁 📉. + +👈 ⚫️❔ ⏮️ ⏬ `0.x.x`, 👉 🎨 👈 🔠 ⏬ 💪 ⚠ ✔️ 💔 🔀. 👉 ⏩ ⚛ 🛠️ 🏛. + +👆 💪 ✍ 🏭 🈸 ⏮️ **FastAPI** ▶️️ 🔜 (& 👆 ✔️ 🎲 🔨 ⚫️ 🕰), 👆 ✔️ ⚒ 💭 👈 👆 ⚙️ ⏬ 👈 👷 ☑ ⏮️ 🎂 👆 📟. + +## 📌 👆 `fastapi` ⏬ + +🥇 👜 👆 🔜 "📌" ⏬ **FastAPI** 👆 ⚙️ 🎯 📰 ⏬ 👈 👆 💭 👷 ☑ 👆 🈸. + +🖼, ➡️ 💬 👆 ⚙️ ⏬ `0.45.0` 👆 📱. + +🚥 👆 ⚙️ `requirements.txt` 📁 👆 💪 ✔ ⏬ ⏮️: + +```txt +fastapi==0.45.0 +``` + +👈 🔜 ⛓ 👈 👆 🔜 ⚙️ ⚫️❔ ⏬ `0.45.0`. + +⚖️ 👆 💪 📌 ⚫️ ⏮️: + +```txt +fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0 +``` + +👈 🔜 ⛓ 👈 👆 🔜 ⚙️ ⏬ `0.45.0` ⚖️ 🔛, ✋️ 🌘 🌘 `0.46.0`, 🖼, ⏬ `0.45.2` 🔜 🚫. + +🚥 👆 ⚙️ 🙆 🎏 🧰 🛠️ 👆 👷‍♂, 💖 🎶, Pipenv, ⚖️ 🎏, 👫 🌐 ✔️ 🌌 👈 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🔬 🎯 ⏬ 👆 📦. + +## 💪 ⏬ + +👆 💪 👀 💪 ⏬ (✅ ✅ ⚫️❔ ⏮️ 📰) [🚀 🗒](../release-notes.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## 🔃 ⏬ + +📄 ⚛ 🛠️ 🏛, 🙆 ⏬ 🔛 `1.0.0` 💪 ⚠ 🚮 💔 🔀. + +FastAPI ⏩ 🏛 👈 🙆 "🐛" ⏬ 🔀 🐛 🔧 & 🚫-💔 🔀. + +!!! tip + "🐛" 🏁 🔢, 🖼, `0.2.3`, 🐛 ⏬ `3`. + +, 👆 🔜 💪 📌 ⏬ 💖: + +```txt +fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0 +``` + +💔 🔀 & 🆕 ⚒ 🚮 "🇺🇲" ⏬. + +!!! tip + "🇺🇲" 🔢 🖕, 🖼, `0.2.3`, 🇺🇲 ⏬ `2`. + +## ♻ FastAPI ⏬ + +👆 🔜 🚮 💯 👆 📱. + +⏮️ **FastAPI** ⚫️ 📶 ⏩ (👏 💃), ✅ 🩺: [🔬](../tutorial/testing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} + +⏮️ 👆 ✔️ 💯, ⤴️ 👆 💪 ♻ **FastAPI** ⏬ 🌖 ⏮️ 1️⃣, & ⚒ 💭 👈 🌐 👆 📟 👷 ☑ 🏃 👆 💯. + +🚥 🌐 👷, ⚖️ ⏮️ 👆 ⚒ 💪 🔀, & 🌐 👆 💯 🚶‍♀️, ⤴️ 👆 💪 📌 👆 `fastapi` 👈 🆕 ⏮️ ⏬. + +## 🔃 💃 + +👆 🚫🔜 🚫 📌 ⏬ `starlette`. + +🎏 ⏬ **FastAPI** 🔜 ⚙️ 🎯 🆕 ⏬ 💃. + +, 👆 💪 ➡️ **FastAPI** ⚙️ ☑ 💃 ⏬. + +## 🔃 Pydantic + +Pydantic 🔌 💯 **FastAPI** ⏮️ 🚮 👍 💯, 🆕 ⏬ Pydantic (🔛 `1.0.0`) 🕧 🔗 ⏮️ FastAPI. + +👆 💪 📌 Pydantic 🙆 ⏬ 🔛 `1.0.0` 👈 👷 👆 & 🔛 `2.0.0`. + +🖼: + +```txt +pydantic>=1.2.0,<2.0.0 +``` diff --git a/docs/em/docs/external-links.md b/docs/em/docs/external-links.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5ba668bfa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/external-links.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# 🔢 🔗 & 📄 + +**FastAPI** ✔️ 👑 👪 🕧 💗. + +📤 📚 🏤, 📄, 🧰, & 🏗, 🔗 **FastAPI**. + +📥 ❌ 📇 👫. + +!!! tip + 🚥 👆 ✔️ 📄, 🏗, 🧰, ⚖️ 🕳 🔗 **FastAPI** 👈 🚫 📇 📥, ✍ 🚲 📨 ❎ ⚫️. + +## 📄 + +{% for section_name, section_content in external_links.items() %} + +## {{ section_name }} + +{% for lang_name, lang_content in section_content.items() %} + +### {{ lang_name }} + +{% for item in lang_content %} + +* {{ item.title }} by {{ item.author }}. + +{% endfor %} +{% endfor %} +{% endfor %} + +## 🏗 + +⏪ 📂 🏗 ⏮️ ❔ `fastapi`: + +
+
diff --git a/docs/em/docs/fastapi-people.md b/docs/em/docs/fastapi-people.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc94d80da --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/fastapi-people.md @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ +# FastAPI 👫👫 + +FastAPI ✔️ 🎆 👪 👈 🙋 👫👫 ⚪️➡️ 🌐 🖥. + +## 👼 - 🐛 + +🙋 ❗ 👶 + +👉 👤: + +{% if people %} +
+{% for user in people.maintainers %} + +
@{{ user.login }}
❔: {{ user.answers }}
🚲 📨: {{ user.prs }}
+{% endfor %} + +
+{% endif %} + +👤 👼 & 🐛 **FastAPI**. 👆 💪 ✍ 🌅 🔃 👈 [ℹ FastAPI - 🤚 ℹ - 🔗 ⏮️ 📕](help-fastapi.md#connect-with-the-author){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +...✋️ 📥 👤 💚 🎦 👆 👪. + +--- + +**FastAPI** 📨 📚 🐕‍🦺 ⚪️➡️ 👪. & 👤 💚 🎦 👫 💰. + +👫 👫👫 👈: + +* [ℹ 🎏 ⏮️ ❔ 📂](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank}. +* [✍ 🚲 📨](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank}. +* 📄 🚲 📨, [✴️ ⚠ ✍](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +👏 👫. 👶 👶 + +## 🌅 🦁 👩‍💻 🏁 🗓️ + +👫 👩‍💻 👈 ✔️ [🤝 🎏 🏆 ⏮️ ❔ 📂](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} ⏮️ 🏁 🗓️. 👶 + +{% if people %} +
+{% for user in people.last_month_active %} + +
@{{ user.login }}
❔ 📨: {{ user.count }}
+{% endfor %} + +
+{% endif %} + +## 🕴 + +📥 **FastAPI 🕴**. 👶 + +👫 👩‍💻 👈 ✔️ [ℹ 🎏 🏆 ⏮️ ❔ 📂](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} 🔘 *🌐 🕰*. + +👫 ✔️ 🎦 🕴 🤝 📚 🎏. 👶 + +{% if people %} +
+{% for user in people.experts %} + +
@{{ user.login }}
❔ 📨: {{ user.count }}
+{% endfor %} + +
+{% endif %} + +## 🔝 👨‍🔬 + +📥 **🔝 👨‍🔬**. 👶 + +👉 👩‍💻 ✔️ [✍ 🏆 🚲 📨](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank} 👈 ✔️ *🔗*. + +👫 ✔️ 📉 ℹ 📟, 🧾, ✍, ♒️. 👶 + +{% if people %} +
+{% for user in people.top_contributors %} + +
@{{ user.login }}
🚲 📨: {{ user.count }}
+{% endfor %} + +
+{% endif %} + +📤 📚 🎏 👨‍🔬 (🌅 🌘 💯), 👆 💪 👀 👫 🌐 FastAPI 📂 👨‍🔬 📃. 👶 + +## 🔝 👨‍🔬 + +👫 👩‍💻 **🔝 👨‍🔬**. 👶 👶 + +### 📄 ✍ + +👤 🕴 💬 👩‍❤‍👨 🇪🇸 (& 🚫 📶 👍 👶). , 👨‍🔬 🕐 👈 ✔️ [**🏋️ ✔ ✍**](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank} 🧾. 🍵 👫, 📤 🚫🔜 🧾 📚 🎏 🇪🇸. + +--- + +**🔝 👨‍🔬** 👶 👶 ✔️ 📄 🏆 🚲 📨 ⚪️➡️ 🎏, 🚚 🔆 📟, 🧾, & ✴️, **✍**. + +{% if people %} +
+{% for user in people.top_reviewers %} + +
@{{ user.login }}
📄: {{ user.count }}
+{% endfor %} + +
+{% endif %} + +## 💰 + +👫 **💰**. 👶 + +👫 🔗 👇 👷 ⏮️ **FastAPI** (& 🎏), ✴️ 🔘 📂 💰. + +{% if sponsors %} + +{% if sponsors.gold %} + +### 🌟 💰 + +{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%} + +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + +{% if sponsors.silver %} + +### 🥇1st 💰 + +{% for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%} + +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + +{% if sponsors.bronze %} + +### 🥈2nd 💰 + +{% for sponsor in sponsors.bronze -%} + +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + +{% endif %} + +### 🎯 💰 + +{% if github_sponsors %} +{% for group in github_sponsors.sponsors %} + +
+ +{% for user in group %} +{% if user.login not in sponsors_badge.logins %} + +
@{{ user.login }}
+ +{% endif %} +{% endfor %} + +
+ +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + +## 🔃 📊 - 📡 ℹ + +👑 🎯 👉 📃 🎦 🎯 👪 ℹ 🎏. + +✴️ ✅ 🎯 👈 🛎 🌘 ⭐, & 📚 💼 🌅 😩, 💖 🤝 🎏 ⏮️ ❔ & ⚖ 🚲 📨 ⏮️ ✍. + +💽 ⚖ 🔠 🗓️, 👆 💪 ✍ ℹ 📟 📥. + +📥 👤 🎦 💰 ⚪️➡️ 💰. + +👤 🏦 ▶️️ ℹ 📊, 📄, ⚡, ♒️ (💼 🤷). diff --git a/docs/em/docs/features.md b/docs/em/docs/features.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..19193da07 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/features.md @@ -0,0 +1,200 @@ +# ⚒ + +## FastAPI ⚒ + +**FastAPI** 🤝 👆 📄: + +### ⚓️ 🔛 📂 🐩 + +* 🗄 🛠️ 🏗, ✅ 📄 ➡ 🛠️, 🔢, 💪 📨, 💂‍♂, ♒️. +* 🏧 📊 🏷 🧾 ⏮️ 🎻 🔗 (🗄 ⚫️ 🧢 🔛 🎻 🔗). +* 🔧 🤭 👫 🐩, ⏮️ 😔 🔬. ↩️ 👎 🧽 🔛 🔝. +* 👉 ✔ ⚙️ 🏧 **👩‍💻 📟 ⚡** 📚 🇪🇸. + +### 🏧 🩺 + +🎓 🛠️ 🧾 & 🔬 🕸 👩‍💻 🔢. 🛠️ ⚓️ 🔛 🗄, 📤 💗 🎛, 2️⃣ 🔌 🔢. + +* 🦁 🎚, ⏮️ 🎓 🔬, 🤙 & 💯 👆 🛠️ 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 🖥. + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) + +* 🎛 🛠️ 🧾 ⏮️ 📄. + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) + +### 🏛 🐍 + +⚫️ 🌐 ⚓️ 🔛 🐩 **🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ 🆎** 📄 (👏 Pydantic). 🙅‍♂ 🆕 ❕ 💡. 🐩 🏛 🐍. + +🚥 👆 💪 2️⃣ ⏲ ↗️ ❔ ⚙️ 🐍 🆎 (🚥 👆 🚫 ⚙️ FastAPI), ✅ 📏 🔰: [🐍 🆎](python-types.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +👆 ✍ 🐩 🐍 ⏮️ 🆎: + +```Python +from datetime import date + +from pydantic import BaseModel + +# Declare a variable as a str +# and get editor support inside the function +def main(user_id: str): + return user_id + + +# A Pydantic model +class User(BaseModel): + id: int + name: str + joined: date +``` + +👈 💪 ⤴️ ⚙️ 💖: + +```Python +my_user: User = User(id=3, name="John Doe", joined="2018-07-19") + +second_user_data = { + "id": 4, + "name": "Mary", + "joined": "2018-11-30", +} + +my_second_user: User = User(**second_user_data) +``` + +!!! info + `**second_user_data` ⛓: + + 🚶‍♀️ 🔑 & 💲 `second_user_data` #️⃣ 🔗 🔑-💲 ❌, 🌓: `User(id=4, name="Mary", joined="2018-11-30")` + +### 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺 + +🌐 🛠️ 🏗 ⏩ & 🏋️ ⚙️, 🌐 🚫 💯 🔛 💗 👨‍🎨 ⏭ ▶️ 🛠️, 🚚 🏆 🛠️ 💡. + +🏁 🐍 👩‍💻 🔬 ⚫️ 🆑 👈 🌅 ⚙️ ⚒ "✍". + +🎂 **FastAPI** 🛠️ ⚓️ 😌 👈. ✍ 👷 🌐. + +👆 🔜 🛎 💪 👟 🔙 🩺. + +📥 ❔ 👆 👨‍🎨 💪 ℹ 👆: + +* 🎙 🎙 📟: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) + +* 🗒: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/pycharm-completion.png) + +👆 🔜 🤚 🛠️ 📟 👆 5️⃣📆 🤔 💪 ⏭. 🖼, `price` 🔑 🔘 🎻 💪 (👈 💪 ✔️ 🐦) 👈 👟 ⚪️➡️ 📨. + +🙅‍♂ 🌖 ⌨ ❌ 🔑 📛, 👟 🔙 & ➡ 🖖 🩺, ⚖️ 📜 🆙 & 🔽 🔎 🚥 👆 😒 ⚙️ `username` ⚖️ `user_name`. + +### 📏 + +⚫️ ✔️ 🤔 **🔢** 🌐, ⏮️ 📦 📳 🌐. 🌐 🔢 💪 👌-🎧 ⚫️❔ 👆 💪 & 🔬 🛠️ 👆 💪. + +✋️ 🔢, ⚫️ 🌐 **"👷"**. + +### 🔬 + +* 🔬 🌅 (⚖️ 🌐 ❓) 🐍 **💽 🆎**, 🔌: + * 🎻 🎚 (`dict`). + * 🎻 🎻 (`list`) ⚖ 🏬 🆎. + * 🎻 (`str`) 🏑, 🔬 🕙 & 👟 📐. + * 🔢 (`int`, `float`) ⏮️ 🕙 & 👟 💲, ♒️. + +* 🔬 🌅 😍 🆎, 💖: + * 📛. + * 📧. + * 🆔. + * ...& 🎏. + +🌐 🔬 🍵 👍-🏛 & 🏋️ **Pydantic**. + +### 💂‍♂ & 🤝 + +💂‍♂ & 🤝 🛠️. 🍵 🙆 ⚠ ⏮️ 💽 ⚖️ 📊 🏷. + +🌐 💂‍♂ ⚖ 🔬 🗄, 🔌: + +* 🇺🇸🔍 🔰. +* **Oauth2️⃣** (⏮️ **🥙 🤝**). ✅ 🔰 🔛 [Oauth2️⃣ ⏮️ 🥙](tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. +* 🛠️ 🔑: + * 🎚. + * 🔢 🔢. + * 🍪, ♒️. + +➕ 🌐 💂‍♂ ⚒ ⚪️➡️ 💃 (🔌 **🎉 🍪**). + +🌐 🏗 ♻ 🧰 & 🦲 👈 ⏩ 🛠️ ⏮️ 👆 ⚙️, 📊 🏪, 🔗 & ☁ 💽, ♒️. + +### 🔗 💉 + +FastAPI 🔌 📶 ⏩ ⚙️, ✋️ 📶 🏋️ 🔗 💉 ⚙️. + +* 🔗 💪 ✔️ 🔗, 🏗 🔗 ⚖️ **"📊" 🔗**. +* 🌐 **🔁 🍵** 🛠️. +* 🌐 🔗 💪 🚚 💽 ⚪️➡️ 📨 & **↔ ➡ 🛠️** ⚛ & 🏧 🧾. +* **🏧 🔬** *➡ 🛠️* 🔢 🔬 🔗. +* 🐕‍🦺 🏗 👩‍💻 🤝 ⚙️, **💽 🔗**, ♒️. +* **🙅‍♂ ⚠** ⏮️ 💽, 🕸, ♒️. ✋️ ⏩ 🛠️ ⏮️ 🌐 👫. + +### ♾ "🔌-🔌" + +⚖️ 🎏 🌌, 🙅‍♂ 💪 👫, 🗄 & ⚙️ 📟 👆 💪. + +🙆 🛠️ 🏗 🙅 ⚙️ (⏮️ 🔗) 👈 👆 💪 ✍ "🔌-" 👆 🈸 2️⃣ ⏸ 📟 ⚙️ 🎏 📊 & ❕ ⚙️ 👆 *➡ 🛠️*. + +### 💯 + +* 1️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ 💯 💯 💰. +* 1️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ 💯 🆎 ✍ 📟 🧢. +* ⚙️ 🏭 🈸. + +## 💃 ⚒ + +**FastAPI** 🍕 🔗 ⏮️ (& ⚓️ 🔛) 💃. , 🙆 🌖 💃 📟 👆 ✔️, 🔜 👷. + +`FastAPI` 🤙 🎧-🎓 `Starlette`. , 🚥 👆 ⏪ 💭 ⚖️ ⚙️ 💃, 🌅 🛠️ 🔜 👷 🎏 🌌. + +⏮️ **FastAPI** 👆 🤚 🌐 **💃**'Ⓜ ⚒ (FastAPI 💃 🔛 💊): + +* 🤙 🎆 🎭. ⚫️ 1️⃣ ⏩ 🐍 🛠️ 💪, 🔛 🇷🇪 ⏮️ **✳** & **🚶**. +* ** *️⃣ ** 🐕‍🦺. +* -🛠️ 🖥 📋. +* 🕴 & 🤫 🎉. +* 💯 👩‍💻 🏗 🔛 🇸🇲. +* **⚜**, 🗜, 🎻 📁, 🎏 📨. +* **🎉 & 🍪** 🐕‍🦺. +* 1️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ 💯 💯 💰. +* 1️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ 💯 🆎 ✍ ✍. + +## Pydantic ⚒ + +**FastAPI** 🍕 🔗 ⏮️ (& ⚓️ 🔛) Pydantic. , 🙆 🌖 Pydantic 📟 👆 ✔️, 🔜 👷. + +✅ 🔢 🗃 ⚓️ 🔛 Pydantic, 🐜Ⓜ, 🏭Ⓜ 💽. + +👉 ⛓ 👈 📚 💼 👆 💪 🚶‍♀️ 🎏 🎚 👆 🤚 ⚪️➡️ 📨 **🔗 💽**, 🌐 ✔ 🔁. + +🎏 ✔ 🎏 🌌 🤭, 📚 💼 👆 💪 🚶‍♀️ 🎚 👆 🤚 ⚪️➡️ 💽 **🔗 👩‍💻**. + +⏮️ **FastAPI** 👆 🤚 🌐 **Pydantic**'Ⓜ ⚒ (FastAPI ⚓️ 🔛 Pydantic 🌐 💽 🚚): + +* **🙅‍♂ 🔠**: + * 🙅‍♂ 🆕 🔗 🔑 ◾-🇪🇸 💡. + * 🚥 👆 💭 🐍 🆎 👆 💭 ❔ ⚙️ Pydantic. +* 🤾 🎆 ⏮️ 👆 **💾/🧶/🧠**: + * ↩️ Pydantic 📊 📊 👐 🎓 👆 🔬; 🚘-🛠️, 🧽, ✍ & 👆 🤔 🔜 🌐 👷 ☑ ⏮️ 👆 ✔ 💽. +* **⏩**: + * 📇 Pydantic ⏩ 🌘 🌐 🎏 💯 🗃. +* ✔ **🏗 📊**: + * ⚙️ 🔗 Pydantic 🏷, 🐍 `typing`'Ⓜ `List` & `Dict`, ♒️. + * & 💳 ✔ 🏗 💽 🔗 🎯 & 💪 🔬, ✅ & 📄 🎻 🔗. + * 👆 💪 ✔️ 🙇 **🐦 🎻** 🎚 & ✔️ 👫 🌐 ✔ & ✍. +* **🏧**: + * Pydantic ✔ 🛃 📊 🆎 🔬 ⚖️ 👆 💪 ↔ 🔬 ⏮️ 👩‍🔬 🔛 🏷 🎀 ⏮️ 💳 👨‍🎨. +* 1️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ 💯 💯 💰. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/help-fastapi.md b/docs/em/docs/help-fastapi.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b998ade42 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/help-fastapi.md @@ -0,0 +1,263 @@ +# ℹ FastAPI - 🤚 ℹ + +👆 💖 **FastAPI**❓ + +🔜 👆 💖 ℹ FastAPI, 🎏 👩‍💻, & 📕 ❓ + +⚖️ 🔜 👆 💖 🤚 ℹ ⏮️ **FastAPI**❓ + +📤 📶 🙅 🌌 ℹ (📚 🔌 1️⃣ ⚖️ 2️⃣ 🖊). + +& 📤 📚 🌌 🤚 ℹ 💁‍♂️. + +## 👱📔 📰 + +👆 💪 👱📔 (🐌) [**FastAPI & 👨‍👧‍👦** 📰](/newsletter/){.internal-link target=_blank} 🚧 ℹ 🔃: + +* 📰 🔃 FastAPI & 👨‍👧‍👦 👶 +* 🦮 👶 +* ⚒ 👶 +* 💔 🔀 👶 +* 💁‍♂ & 🎱 👶 + +## ⏩ FastAPI 🔛 👱📔 + +⏩ 🐶 Fastapi 🔛 **👱📔** 🤚 📰 📰 🔃 **FastAPI**. 👶 + +## ✴ **FastAPI** 📂 + +👆 💪 "✴" FastAPI 📂 (🖊 ✴ 🔼 🔝 ▶️️): https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. 👶 👶 + +❎ ✴, 🎏 👩‍💻 🔜 💪 🔎 ⚫️ 🌅 💪 & 👀 👈 ⚫️ ✔️ ⏪ ⚠ 🎏. + +## ⌚ 📂 🗃 🚀 + +👆 💪 "⌚" FastAPI 📂 (🖊 "⌚" 🔼 🔝 ▶️️): https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. 👶 + +📤 👆 💪 🖊 "🚀 🕴". + +🔨 ⚫️, 👆 🔜 📨 📨 (👆 📧) 🕐❔ 📤 🆕 🚀 (🆕 ⏬) **FastAPI** ⏮️ 🐛 🔧 & 🆕 ⚒. + +## 🔗 ⏮️ 📕 + +👆 💪 🔗 ⏮️ 👤 (🇹🇦 🇩🇬 / `tiangolo`), 📕. + +👆 💪: + +* ⏩ 👤 🔛 **📂**. + * 👀 🎏 📂 ℹ 🏗 👤 ✔️ ✍ 👈 💪 ℹ 👆. + * ⏩ 👤 👀 🕐❔ 👤 ✍ 🆕 📂 ℹ 🏗. +* ⏩ 👤 🔛 **👱📔** ⚖️ ☠. + * 💬 👤 ❔ 👆 ⚙️ FastAPI (👤 💌 👂 👈). + * 👂 🕐❔ 👤 ⚒ 🎉 ⚖️ 🚀 🆕 🧰. + * 👆 💪 ⏩ 🐶 Fastapi 🔛 👱📔 (🎏 🏧). +* 🔗 ⏮️ 👤 🔛 **👱📔**. + * 👂 🕐❔ 👤 ⚒ 🎉 ⚖️ 🚀 🆕 🧰 (👐 👤 ⚙️ 👱📔 🌖 🛎 🤷 ♂). +* ✍ ⚫️❔ 👤 ✍ (⚖️ ⏩ 👤) 🔛 **🇸🇲.** ⚖️ **🔉**. + * ✍ 🎏 💭, 📄, & ✍ 🔃 🧰 👤 ✔️ ✍. + * ⏩ 👤 ✍ 🕐❔ 👤 ✍ 🕳 🆕. + +## 👱📔 🔃 **FastAPI** + +👱📔 🔃 **FastAPI** & ➡️ 👤 & 🎏 💭 ⚫️❔ 👆 💖 ⚫️. 👶 + +👤 💌 👂 🔃 ❔ **FastAPI** 💆‍♂ ⚙️, ⚫️❔ 👆 ✔️ 💖 ⚫️, ❔ 🏗/🏢 👆 ⚙️ ⚫️, ♒️. + +## 🗳 FastAPI + +* 🗳 **FastAPI** 📐. +* 🗳 **FastAPI** 📱. +* 💬 👆 ⚙️ **FastAPI** 🔛 ℹ. + +## ℹ 🎏 ⏮️ ❔ 📂 + +👆 💪 🔄 & ℹ 🎏 ⏮️ 👫 ❔: + +* 📂 💬 +* 📂 ❔ + +📚 💼 👆 5️⃣📆 ⏪ 💭 ❔ 📚 ❔. 👶 + +🚥 👆 🤝 📚 👫👫 ⏮️ 👫 ❔, 👆 🔜 ▶️️ 🛂 [FastAPI 🕴](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. 👶 + +💭, 🏆 ⚠ ☝: 🔄 😇. 👫👫 👟 ⏮️ 👫 😩 & 📚 💼 🚫 💭 🏆 🌌, ✋️ 🔄 🏆 👆 💪 😇. 👶 + +💭 **FastAPI** 👪 😇 & 👍. 🎏 🕰, 🚫 🚫 🎭 ⚖️ 😛 🎭 ⤵ 🎏. 👥 ✔️ ✊ 💅 🔠 🎏. + +--- + +📥 ❔ ℹ 🎏 ⏮️ ❔ (💬 ⚖️ ❔): + +### 🤔 ❔ + +* ✅ 🚥 👆 💪 🤔 ⚫️❔ **🎯** & ⚙️ 💼 👨‍💼 💬. + +* ⤴️ ✅ 🚥 ❔ (⭕ 👪 ❔) **🆑**. + +* 📚 💼 ❔ 💭 🔃 👽 ⚗ ⚪️➡️ 👩‍💻, ✋️ 📤 💪 **👍** 1️⃣. 🚥 👆 💪 🤔 ⚠ & ⚙️ 💼 👍, 👆 💪 💪 🤔 👍 **🎛 ⚗**. + +* 🚥 👆 💪 🚫 🤔 ❔, 💭 🌖 **ℹ**. + +### 🔬 ⚠ + +🌅 💼 & 🏆 ❔ 📤 🕳 🔗 👨‍💼 **⏮️ 📟**. + +📚 💼 👫 🔜 🕴 📁 🧬 📟, ✋️ 👈 🚫 🥃 **🔬 ⚠**. + +* 👆 💪 💭 👫 🚚 ⭐, 🔬, 🖼, 👈 👆 💪 **📁-📋** & 🏃 🌐 👀 🎏 ❌ ⚖️ 🎭 👫 👀, ⚖️ 🤔 👫 ⚙️ 💼 👍. + +* 🚥 👆 😟 💁‍♂️ 👍, 👆 💪 🔄 **✍ 🖼** 💖 👈 👆, 🧢 🔛 📛 ⚠. ✔️ 🤯 👈 👉 💪 ✊ 📚 🕰 & ⚫️ 💪 👻 💭 👫 ✍ ⚠ 🥇. + +### 🤔 ⚗ + +* ⏮️ 💆‍♂ 💪 🤔 ❔, 👆 💪 🤝 👫 💪 **❔**. + +* 📚 💼, ⚫️ 👍 🤔 👫 **📈 ⚠ ⚖️ ⚙️ 💼**, ↩️ 📤 5️⃣📆 👍 🌌 ❎ ⚫️ 🌘 ⚫️❔ 👫 🔄. + +### 💭 🔐 + +🚥 👫 📨, 📤 ↕ 🤞 👆 🔜 ✔️ ❎ 👫 ⚠, ㊗, **👆 💂**❗ 🦸 + +* 🔜, 🚥 👈 ❎ 👫 ⚠, 👆 💪 💭 👫: + + * 📂 💬: ™ 🏤 **❔**. + * 📂 ❔: **🔐** ❔**. + +## ⌚ 📂 🗃 + +👆 💪 "⌚" FastAPI 📂 (🖊 "⌚" 🔼 🔝 ▶️️): https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. 👶 + +🚥 👆 🖊 "👀" ↩️ "🚀 🕴" 👆 🔜 📨 📨 🕐❔ 👱 ✍ 🆕 ❔ ⚖️ ❔. 👆 💪 ✔ 👈 👆 🕴 💚 🚨 🔃 🆕 ❔, ⚖️ 💬, ⚖️ 🎸, ♒️. + +⤴️ 👆 💪 🔄 & ℹ 👫 ❎ 👈 ❔. + +## 💭 ❔ + +👆 💪 ✍ 🆕 ❔ 📂 🗃, 🖼: + +* 💭 **❔** ⚖️ 💭 🔃 **⚠**. +* 🤔 🆕 **⚒**. + +**🗒**: 🚥 👆 ⚫️, ⤴️ 👤 🔜 💭 👆 ℹ 🎏. 👶 + +## 📄 🚲 📨 + +👆 💪 ℹ 👤 📄 🚲 📨 ⚪️➡️ 🎏. + +🔄, 🙏 🔄 👆 🏆 😇. 👶 + +--- + +📥 ⚫️❔ ✔️ 🤯 & ❔ 📄 🚲 📨: + +### 🤔 ⚠ + +* 🥇, ⚒ 💭 👆 **🤔 ⚠** 👈 🚲 📨 🔄 ❎. ⚫️ 💪 ✔️ 📏 💬 📂 💬 ⚖️ ❔. + +* 📤 👍 🤞 👈 🚲 📨 🚫 🤙 💪 ↩️ ⚠ 💪 ❎ **🎏 🌌**. ⤴️ 👆 💪 🤔 ⚖️ 💭 🔃 👈. + +### 🚫 😟 🔃 👗 + +* 🚫 😟 💁‍♂️ 🌅 🔃 👜 💖 💕 📧 👗, 👤 🔜 🥬 & 🔗 🛃 💕 ❎. + +* 🚫 😟 🔃 👗 🚫, 📤 ⏪ 🏧 🧰 ✅ 👈. + +& 🚥 📤 🙆 🎏 👗 ⚖️ ⚖ 💪, 👤 🔜 💭 🔗 👈, ⚖️ 👤 🔜 🚮 💕 🔛 🔝 ⏮️ 💪 🔀. + +### ✅ 📟 + +* ✅ & ✍ 📟, 👀 🚥 ⚫️ ⚒ 🔑, **🏃 ⚫️ 🌐** & 👀 🚥 ⚫️ 🤙 ❎ ⚠. + +* ⤴️ **🏤** 💬 👈 👆 👈, 👈 ❔ 👤 🔜 💭 👆 🤙 ✅ ⚫️. + +!!! info + 👐, 👤 💪 🚫 🎯 💙 🎸 👈 ✔️ 📚 ✔. + + 📚 🕰 ⚫️ ✔️ 🔨 👈 📤 🎸 ⏮️ 3️⃣, 5️⃣ ⚖️ 🌅 ✔, 🎲 ↩️ 📛 😌, ✋️ 🕐❔ 👤 ✅ 🎸, 👫 🤙 💔, ✔️ 🐛, ⚖️ 🚫 ❎ ⚠ 👫 🛄 ❎. 👶 + + , ⚫️ 🤙 ⚠ 👈 👆 🤙 ✍ & 🏃 📟, & ➡️ 👤 💭 🏤 👈 👆. 👶 + +* 🚥 🇵🇷 💪 📉 🌌, 👆 💪 💭 👈, ✋️ 📤 🙅‍♂ 💪 💁‍♂️ 😟, 📤 5️⃣📆 📚 🤔 ☝ 🎑 (& 👤 🔜 ✔️ 👇 👍 👍 👶), ⚫️ 👻 🚥 👆 💪 🎯 🔛 ⚛ 👜. + +### 💯 + +* ℹ 👤 ✅ 👈 🇵🇷 ✔️ **💯**. + +* ✅ 👈 💯 **❌** ⏭ 🇵🇷. 👶 + +* ⤴️ ✅ 👈 💯 **🚶‍♀️** ⏮️ 🇵🇷. 👶 + +* 📚 🎸 🚫 ✔️ 💯, 👆 💪 **🎗** 👫 🚮 💯, ⚖️ 👆 💪 **🤔** 💯 👆. 👈 1️⃣ 👜 👈 🍴 🌅 🕰 & 👆 💪 ℹ 📚 ⏮️ 👈. + +* ⤴️ 🏤 ⚫️❔ 👆 🔄, 👈 🌌 👤 🔜 💭 👈 👆 ✅ ⚫️. 👶 + +## ✍ 🚲 📨 + +👆 💪 [📉](contributing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} ℹ 📟 ⏮️ 🚲 📨, 🖼: + +* 🔧 🤭 👆 🔎 🔛 🧾. +* 💰 📄, 📹, ⚖️ 📻 👆 ✍ ⚖️ 🔎 🔃 FastAPI ✍ 👉 📁. + * ⚒ 💭 👆 🚮 👆 🔗 ▶️ 🔗 📄. +* ℹ [💬 🧾](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank} 👆 🇪🇸. + * 👆 💪 ℹ 📄 ✍ ✍ 🎏. +* 🛠️ 🆕 🧾 📄. +* 🔧 ♻ ❔/🐛. + * ⚒ 💭 🚮 💯. +* 🚮 🆕 ⚒. + * ⚒ 💭 🚮 💯. + * ⚒ 💭 🚮 🧾 🚥 ⚫️ 🔗. + +## ℹ 🚧 FastAPI + +ℹ 👤 🚧 **FastAPI**❗ 👶 + +📤 📚 👷, & 🏆 ⚫️, **👆** 💪 ⚫️. + +👑 📋 👈 👆 💪 ▶️️ 🔜: + +* [ℹ 🎏 ⏮️ ❔ 📂](#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} (👀 📄 🔛). +* [📄 🚲 📨](#review-pull-requests){.internal-link target=_blank} (👀 📄 🔛). + +👈 2️⃣ 📋 ⚫️❔ **🍴 🕰 🏆**. 👈 👑 👷 🏆 FastAPI. + +🚥 👆 💪 ℹ 👤 ⏮️ 👈, **👆 🤝 👤 🚧 FastAPI** & ⚒ 💭 ⚫️ 🚧 **🛠️ ⏩ & 👻**. 👶 + +## 🛑 💬 + +🛑 👶 😧 💬 💽 👶 & 🤙 👅 ⏮️ 🎏 FastAPI 👪. + +!!! tip + ❔, 💭 👫 📂 💬, 📤 🌅 👍 🤞 👆 🔜 📨 ℹ [FastAPI 🕴](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. + + ⚙️ 💬 🕴 🎏 🏢 💬. + +### 🚫 ⚙️ 💬 ❔ + +✔️ 🤯 👈 💬 ✔ 🌅 "🆓 💬", ⚫️ ⏩ 💭 ❔ 👈 💁‍♂️ 🏢 & 🌅 ⚠ ❔,, 👆 💪 🚫 📨 ❔. + +📂, 📄 🔜 🦮 👆 ✍ ▶️️ ❔ 👈 👆 💪 🌖 💪 🤚 👍 ❔, ⚖️ ❎ ⚠ 👆 ⏭ 💬. & 📂 👤 💪 ⚒ 💭 👤 🕧 ❔ 🌐, 🚥 ⚫️ ✊ 🕰. 👤 💪 🚫 🤙 👈 ⏮️ 💬 ⚙️. 👶 + +💬 💬 ⚙️ 🚫 💪 📇 📂, ❔ & ❔ 5️⃣📆 🤚 💸 💬. & 🕴 🕐 📂 💯 ▶️️ [FastAPI 🕴](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}, 👆 🔜 🌅 🎲 📨 🌅 🙋 📂. + +🔛 🎏 🚄, 📤 💯 👩‍💻 💬 ⚙️, 📤 ↕ 🤞 👆 🔜 🔎 👱 💬 📤, 🌖 🌐 🕰. 👶 + +## 💰 📕 + +👆 💪 💰 🐕‍🦺 📕 (👤) 🔘 📂 💰. + +📤 👆 💪 🛍 👤 ☕ 👶 👶 💬 👏. 👶 + +& 👆 💪 ▶️️ 🥇1st ⚖️ 🌟 💰 FastAPI. 👶 👶 + +## 💰 🧰 👈 🏋️ FastAPI + +👆 ✔️ 👀 🧾, FastAPI 🧍 🔛 ⌚ 🐘, 💃 & Pydantic. + +👆 💪 💰: + +* ✡ 🍏 (Pydantic) +* 🗜 (💃, Uvicorn) + +--- + +👏 ❗ 👶 diff --git a/docs/em/docs/history-design-future.md b/docs/em/docs/history-design-future.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7e39972de --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/history-design-future.md @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +# 📖, 🔧 & 🔮 + +🕰 🏁, **FastAPI** 👩‍💻 💭: + +> ⚫️❔ 📖 👉 🏗 ❓ ⚫️ 😑 ✔️ 👟 ⚪️➡️ 🕳 👌 👩‍❤‍👨 🗓️ [...] + +📥 🐥 🍖 👈 📖. + +## 🎛 + +👤 ✔️ 🏗 🔗 ⏮️ 🏗 📄 📚 1️⃣2️⃣🗓️ (🎰 🏫, 📎 ⚙️, 🔁 👨‍🏭, ☁ 💽, ♒️), ↘️ 📚 🏉 👩‍💻. + +🍕 👈, 👤 💪 🔬, 💯 & ⚙️ 📚 🎛. + +📖 **FastAPI** 👑 🍕 📖 🚮 ⏪. + +🙆‍♀ 📄 [🎛](alternatives.md){.internal-link target=_blank}: + +
+ +**FastAPI** 🚫🔜 🔀 🚥 🚫 ⏮️ 👷 🎏. + +📤 ✔️ 📚 🧰 ✍ ⏭ 👈 ✔️ ℹ 😮 🚮 🏗. + +👤 ✔️ ❎ 🏗 🆕 🛠️ 📚 1️⃣2️⃣🗓️. 🥇 👤 🔄 ❎ 🌐 ⚒ 📔 **FastAPI** ⚙️ 📚 🎏 🛠️, 🔌-🔌, & 🧰. + +✋️ ☝, 📤 🙅‍♂ 🎏 🎛 🌘 🏗 🕳 👈 🚚 🌐 👫 ⚒, ✊ 🏆 💭 ⚪️➡️ ⏮️ 🧰, & 🌀 👫 🏆 🌌 💪, ⚙️ 🇪🇸 ⚒ 👈 ➖🚫 💪 ⏭ (🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ ➕ 🆎 🔑). + +
+ +## 🔬 + +⚙️ 🌐 ⏮️ 🎛 👤 ✔️ 🤞 💡 ⚪️➡️ 🌐 👫, ✊ 💭, & 🌀 👫 🏆 🌌 👤 💪 🔎 👤 & 🏉 👩‍💻 👤 ✔️ 👷 ⏮️. + +🖼, ⚫️ 🆑 👈 🎲 ⚫️ 🔜 ⚓️ 🔛 🐩 🐍 🆎 🔑. + +, 🏆 🎯 ⚙️ ⏪ ♻ 🐩. + +, ⏭ ▶️ 📟 **FastAPI**, 👤 💸 📚 🗓️ 🎓 🔌 🗄, 🎻 🔗, Oauth2️⃣, ♒️. 🎯 👫 💛, 🔀, & 🔺. + +## 🔧 + +⤴️ 👤 💸 🕰 🔧 👩‍💻 "🛠️" 👤 💚 ✔️ 👩‍💻 (👩‍💻 ⚙️ FastAPI). + +👤 💯 📚 💭 🏆 🌟 🐍 👨‍🎨: 🗒, 🆚 📟, 🎠 🧢 👨‍🎨. + +🏁 🐍 👩‍💻 🔬, 👈 📔 🔃 8️⃣0️⃣ 💯 👩‍💻. + +⚫️ ⛓ 👈 **FastAPI** 🎯 💯 ⏮️ 👨‍🎨 ⚙️ 8️⃣0️⃣ 💯 🐍 👩‍💻. & 🏆 🎏 👨‍🎨 😑 👷 ➡, 🌐 🚮 💰 🔜 👷 🌖 🌐 👨‍🎨. + +👈 🌌 👤 💪 🔎 🏆 🌌 📉 📟 ❎ 🌅 💪, ✔️ 🛠️ 🌐, 🆎 & ❌ ✅, ♒️. + +🌐 🌌 👈 🚚 🏆 🛠️ 💡 🌐 👩‍💻. + +## 📄 + +⏮️ 🔬 📚 🎛, 👤 💭 👈 👤 🔜 ⚙️ **Pydantic** 🚮 📈. + +⤴️ 👤 📉 ⚫️, ⚒ ⚫️ 🍕 🛠️ ⏮️ 🎻 🔗, 🐕‍🦺 🎏 🌌 🔬 ⚛ 📄, & 📉 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺 (🆎 ✅, ✍) ⚓️ 🔛 💯 📚 👨‍🎨. + +⏮️ 🛠️, 👤 📉 **💃**, 🎏 🔑 📄. + +## 🛠️ + +🕰 👤 ▶️ 🏗 **FastAPI** ⚫️, 🏆 🍖 ⏪ 🥉, 🔧 🔬, 📄 & 🧰 🔜, & 💡 🔃 🐩 & 🔧 🆑 & 🍋. + +## 🔮 + +👉 ☝, ⚫️ ⏪ 🆑 👈 **FastAPI** ⏮️ 🚮 💭 ➖ ⚠ 📚 👫👫. + +⚫️ 💆‍♂ 👐 🤭 ⏮️ 🎛 ♣ 📚 ⚙️ 💼 👍. + +📚 👩‍💻 & 🏉 ⏪ 🪀 🔛 **FastAPI** 👫 🏗 (🔌 👤 & 👇 🏉). + +✋️, 📤 📚 📈 & ⚒ 👟. + +**FastAPI** ✔️ 👑 🔮 ⤴️. + +& [👆 ℹ](help-fastapi.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 📉 👍. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/how-to/conditional-openapi.md b/docs/em/docs/how-to/conditional-openapi.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a17ba4eec --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/how-to/conditional-openapi.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +# 🎲 🗄 + +🚥 👆 💪, 👆 💪 ⚙️ ⚒ & 🌐 🔢 🔗 🗄 ✔ ⚓️ 🔛 🌐, & ❎ ⚫️ 🍕. + +## 🔃 💂‍♂, 🔗, & 🩺 + +🕵‍♂ 👆 🧾 👩‍💻 🔢 🏭 *🚫🔜 🚫* 🌌 🛡 👆 🛠️. + +👈 🚫 🚮 🙆 ➕ 💂‍♂ 👆 🛠️, *➡ 🛠️* 🔜 💪 🌐❔ 👫. + +🚥 📤 💂‍♂ ⚠ 👆 📟, ⚫️ 🔜 🔀. + +🕵‍♂ 🧾 ⚒ ⚫️ 🌅 ⚠ 🤔 ❔ 🔗 ⏮️ 👆 🛠️, & 💪 ⚒ ⚫️ 🌅 ⚠ 👆 ℹ ⚫️ 🏭. ⚫️ 💪 🤔 🎯 📨 💂‍♂ 🔘 🌌. + +🚥 👆 💚 🔐 👆 🛠️, 📤 📚 👍 👜 👆 💪, 🖼: + +* ⚒ 💭 👆 ✔️ 👍 🔬 Pydantic 🏷 👆 📨 💪 & 📨. +* 🔗 🙆 ✔ ✔ & 🔑 ⚙️ 🔗. +* 🙅 🏪 🔢 🔐, 🕴 🔐#️⃣. +* 🛠️ & ⚙️ 👍-💭 🔐 🧰, 💖 🇸🇲 & 🥙 🤝, ♒️. +* 🚮 🌅 🧽 ✔ 🎛 ⏮️ Oauth2️⃣ ↔ 🌐❔ 💪. +* ...♒️. + +👐, 👆 5️⃣📆 ✔️ 📶 🎯 ⚙️ 💼 🌐❔ 👆 🤙 💪 ❎ 🛠️ 🩺 🌐 (✅ 🏭) ⚖️ ⚓️ 🔛 📳 ⚪️➡️ 🌐 🔢. + +## 🎲 🗄 ⚪️➡️ ⚒ & 🇨🇻 { + +👆 💪 💪 ⚙️ 🎏 Pydantic ⚒ 🔗 👆 🏗 🗄 & 🩺 ⚜. + +🖼: + +```Python hl_lines="6 11" +{!../../../docs_src/conditional_openapi/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +📥 👥 📣 ⚒ `openapi_url` ⏮️ 🎏 🔢 `"/openapi.json"`. + +& ⤴️ 👥 ⚙️ ⚫️ 🕐❔ 🏗 `FastAPI` 📱. + +⤴️ 👆 💪 ❎ 🗄 (✅ 🎚 🩺) ⚒ 🌐 🔢 `OPENAPI_URL` 🛁 🎻, 💖: + +
+ +```console +$ OPENAPI_URL= uvicorn main:app + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +⤴️ 🚥 👆 🚶 📛 `/openapi.json`, `/docs`, ⚖️ `/redoc` 👆 🔜 🤚 `404 Not Found` ❌ 💖: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": "Not Found" +} +``` diff --git a/docs/em/docs/how-to/custom-request-and-route.md b/docs/em/docs/how-to/custom-request-and-route.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d6fafa2ea --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/how-to/custom-request-and-route.md @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +# 🛃 📨 & APIRoute 🎓 + +💼, 👆 5️⃣📆 💚 🔐 ⚛ ⚙️ `Request` & `APIRoute` 🎓. + +🎯, 👉 5️⃣📆 👍 🎛 ⚛ 🛠️. + +🖼, 🚥 👆 💚 ✍ ⚖️ 🔬 📨 💪 ⏭ ⚫️ 🛠️ 👆 🈸. + +!!! danger + 👉 "🏧" ⚒. + + 🚥 👆 ▶️ ⏮️ **FastAPI** 👆 💪 💚 🚶 👉 📄. + +## ⚙️ 💼 + +⚙️ 💼 🔌: + +* 🏭 🚫-🎻 📨 💪 🎻 (✅ `msgpack`). +* 🗜 🗜-🗜 📨 💪. +* 🔁 🚨 🌐 📨 💪. + +## 🚚 🛃 📨 💪 🔢 + +➡️ 👀 ❔ ⚒ ⚙️ 🛃 `Request` 🏿 🗜 🗜 📨. + +& `APIRoute` 🏿 ⚙️ 👈 🛃 📨 🎓. + +### ✍ 🛃 `GzipRequest` 🎓 + +!!! tip + 👉 🧸 🖼 🎦 ❔ ⚫️ 👷, 🚥 👆 💪 🗜 🐕‍🦺, 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🚚 [`GzipMiddleware`](./middleware.md#gzipmiddleware){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +🥇, 👥 ✍ `GzipRequest` 🎓, ❔ 🔜 📁 `Request.body()` 👩‍🔬 🗜 💪 🔍 ☑ 🎚. + +🚥 📤 🙅‍♂ `gzip` 🎚, ⚫️ 🔜 🚫 🔄 🗜 💪. + +👈 🌌, 🎏 🛣 🎓 💪 🍵 🗜 🗜 ⚖️ 🗜 📨. + +```Python hl_lines="8-15" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### ✍ 🛃 `GzipRoute` 🎓 + +⏭, 👥 ✍ 🛃 🏿 `fastapi.routing.APIRoute` 👈 🔜 ⚒ ⚙️ `GzipRequest`. + +👉 🕰, ⚫️ 🔜 📁 👩‍🔬 `APIRoute.get_route_handler()`. + +👉 👩‍🔬 📨 🔢. & 👈 🔢 ⚫️❔ 🔜 📨 📨 & 📨 📨. + +📥 👥 ⚙️ ⚫️ ✍ `GzipRequest` ⚪️➡️ ⏮️ 📨. + +```Python hl_lines="18-26" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + `Request` ✔️ `request.scope` 🔢, 👈 🐍 `dict` ⚗ 🗃 🔗 📨. + + `Request` ✔️ `request.receive`, 👈 🔢 "📨" 💪 📨. + + `scope` `dict` & `receive` 🔢 👯‍♂️ 🍕 🔫 🔧. + + & 👈 2️⃣ 👜, `scope` & `receive`, ⚫️❔ 💪 ✍ 🆕 `Request` 👐. + + 💡 🌅 🔃 `Request` ✅ 💃 🩺 🔃 📨. + +🕴 👜 🔢 📨 `GzipRequest.get_route_handler` 🔨 🎏 🗜 `Request` `GzipRequest`. + +🔨 👉, 👆 `GzipRequest` 🔜 ✊ 💅 🗜 📊 (🚥 💪) ⏭ 🚶‍♀️ ⚫️ 👆 *➡ 🛠️*. + +⏮️ 👈, 🌐 🏭 ⚛ 🎏. + +✋️ ↩️ 👆 🔀 `GzipRequest.body`, 📨 💪 🔜 🔁 🗜 🕐❔ ⚫️ 📐 **FastAPI** 🕐❔ 💪. + +## 🔐 📨 💪 ⚠ 🐕‍🦺 + +!!! tip + ❎ 👉 🎏 ⚠, ⚫️ 🎲 📚 ⏩ ⚙️ `body` 🛃 🐕‍🦺 `RequestValidationError` ([🚚 ❌](../tutorial/handling-errors.md#use-the-requestvalidationerror-body){.internal-link target=_blank}). + + ✋️ 👉 🖼 ☑ & ⚫️ 🎦 ❔ 🔗 ⏮️ 🔗 🦲. + +👥 💪 ⚙️ 👉 🎏 🎯 🔐 📨 💪 ⚠ 🐕‍🦺. + +🌐 👥 💪 🍵 📨 🔘 `try`/`except` 🍫: + +```Python hl_lines="13 15" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +🚥 ⚠ 📉, `Request` 👐 🔜 ↔, 👥 💪 ✍ & ⚒ ⚙️ 📨 💪 🕐❔ 🚚 ❌: + +```Python hl_lines="16-18" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## 🛃 `APIRoute` 🎓 📻 + +👆 💪 ⚒ `route_class` 🔢 `APIRouter`: + +```Python hl_lines="26" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +👉 🖼, *➡ 🛠️* 🔽 `router` 🔜 ⚙️ 🛃 `TimedRoute` 🎓, & 🔜 ✔️ ➕ `X-Response-Time` 🎚 📨 ⏮️ 🕰 ⚫️ ✊ 🏗 📨: + +```Python hl_lines="13-20" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial003.py!} +``` diff --git a/docs/em/docs/how-to/extending-openapi.md b/docs/em/docs/how-to/extending-openapi.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6b3bc0075 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/how-to/extending-openapi.md @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +# ↔ 🗄 + +!!! warning + 👉 👍 🏧 ⚒. 👆 🎲 💪 🚶 ⚫️. + + 🚥 👆 📄 🔰 - 👩‍💻 🦮, 👆 💪 🎲 🚶 👉 📄. + + 🚥 👆 ⏪ 💭 👈 👆 💪 🔀 🏗 🗄 🔗, 😣 👂. + +📤 💼 🌐❔ 👆 💪 💪 🔀 🏗 🗄 🔗. + +👉 📄 👆 🔜 👀 ❔. + +## 😐 🛠️ + +😐 (🔢) 🛠️, ⏩. + +`FastAPI` 🈸 (👐) ✔️ `.openapi()` 👩‍🔬 👈 📈 📨 🗄 🔗. + +🍕 🈸 🎚 🏗, *➡ 🛠️* `/openapi.json` (⚖️ ⚫️❔ 👆 ⚒ 👆 `openapi_url`) ®. + +⚫️ 📨 🎻 📨 ⏮️ 🏁 🈸 `.openapi()` 👩‍🔬. + +🔢, ⚫️❔ 👩‍🔬 `.openapi()` 🔨 ✅ 🏠 `.openapi_schema` 👀 🚥 ⚫️ ✔️ 🎚 & 📨 👫. + +🚥 ⚫️ 🚫, ⚫️ 🏗 👫 ⚙️ 🚙 🔢 `fastapi.openapi.utils.get_openapi`. + +& 👈 🔢 `get_openapi()` 📨 🔢: + +* `title`: 🗄 📛, 🎦 🩺. +* `version`: ⏬ 👆 🛠️, ✅ `2.5.0`. +* `openapi_version`: ⏬ 🗄 🔧 ⚙️. 🔢, ⏪: `3.0.2`. +* `description`: 📛 👆 🛠️. +* `routes`: 📇 🛣, 👫 🔠 ® *➡ 🛠️*. 👫 ✊ ⚪️➡️ `app.routes`. + +## 🔑 🔢 + +⚙️ ℹ 🔛, 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🎏 🚙 🔢 🏗 🗄 🔗 & 🔐 🔠 🍕 👈 👆 💪. + +🖼, ➡️ 🚮 📄 🗄 ↔ 🔌 🛃 🔱. + +### 😐 **FastAPI** + +🥇, ✍ 🌐 👆 **FastAPI** 🈸 🛎: + +```Python hl_lines="1 4 7-9" +{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### 🏗 🗄 🔗 + +⤴️, ⚙️ 🎏 🚙 🔢 🏗 🗄 🔗, 🔘 `custom_openapi()` 🔢: + +```Python hl_lines="2 15-20" +{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### 🔀 🗄 🔗 + +🔜 👆 💪 🚮 📄 ↔, ❎ 🛃 `x-logo` `info` "🎚" 🗄 🔗: + +```Python hl_lines="21-23" +{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### 💾 🗄 🔗 + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 🏠 `.openapi_schema` "💾", 🏪 👆 🏗 🔗. + +👈 🌌, 👆 🈸 🏆 🚫 ✔️ 🏗 🔗 🔠 🕰 👩‍💻 📂 👆 🛠️ 🩺. + +⚫️ 🔜 🏗 🕴 🕐, & ⤴️ 🎏 💾 🔗 🔜 ⚙️ ⏭ 📨. + +```Python hl_lines="13-14 24-25" +{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### 🔐 👩‍🔬 + +🔜 👆 💪 ❎ `.openapi()` 👩‍🔬 ⏮️ 👆 🆕 🔢. + +```Python hl_lines="28" +{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### ✅ ⚫️ + +🕐 👆 🚶 http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc 👆 🔜 👀 👈 👆 ⚙️ 👆 🛃 🔱 (👉 🖼, **FastAPI**'Ⓜ 🔱): + + diff --git a/docs/em/docs/how-to/graphql.md b/docs/em/docs/how-to/graphql.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8509643ce --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/how-to/graphql.md @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +# 🕹 + +**FastAPI** ⚓️ 🔛 **🔫** 🐩, ⚫️ 📶 ⏩ 🛠️ 🙆 **🕹** 🗃 🔗 ⏮️ 🔫. + +👆 💪 🌀 😐 FastAPI *➡ 🛠️* ⏮️ 🕹 🔛 🎏 🈸. + +!!! tip + **🕹** ❎ 📶 🎯 ⚙️ 💼. + + ⚫️ ✔️ **📈** & **⚠** 🕐❔ 🔬 ⚠ **🕸 🔗**. + + ⚒ 💭 👆 🔬 🚥 **💰** 👆 ⚙️ 💼 ⚖ **👐**. 👶 + +## 🕹 🗃 + +📥 **🕹** 🗃 👈 ✔️ **🔫** 🐕‍🦺. 👆 💪 ⚙️ 👫 ⏮️ **FastAPI**: + +* 🍓 👶 + * ⏮️ 🩺 FastAPI +* 👸 + * ⏮️ 🩺 💃 (👈 ✔ FastAPI) +* 🍟 + * ⏮️ 🍟 🔫 🚚 🔫 🛠️ +* ⚗ + * ⏮️ 💃-Graphene3️⃣ + +## 🕹 ⏮️ 🍓 + +🚥 👆 💪 ⚖️ 💚 👷 ⏮️ **🕹**, **🍓** **👍** 🗃 ⚫️ ✔️ 🔧 🔐 **FastAPI** 🔧, ⚫️ 🌐 ⚓️ 🔛 **🆎 ✍**. + +⚓️ 🔛 👆 ⚙️ 💼, 👆 5️⃣📆 💖 ⚙️ 🎏 🗃, ✋️ 🚥 👆 💭 👤, 👤 🔜 🎲 🤔 👆 🔄 **🍓**. + +📥 🤪 🎮 ❔ 👆 💪 🛠️ 🍓 ⏮️ FastAPI: + +```Python hl_lines="3 22 25-26" +{!../../../docs_src/graphql/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +👆 💪 💡 🌅 🔃 🍓 🍓 🧾. + +& 🩺 🔃 🍓 ⏮️ FastAPI. + +## 🗝 `GraphQLApp` ⚪️➡️ 💃 + +⏮️ ⏬ 💃 🔌 `GraphQLApp` 🎓 🛠️ ⏮️ ⚗. + +⚫️ 😢 ⚪️➡️ 💃, ✋️ 🚥 👆 ✔️ 📟 👈 ⚙️ ⚫️, 👆 💪 💪 **↔** 💃-Graphene3️⃣, 👈 📔 🎏 ⚙️ 💼 & ✔️ **🌖 🌓 🔢**. + +!!! tip + 🚥 👆 💪 🕹, 👤 🔜 👍 👆 ✅ 👅 🍓, ⚫️ ⚓️ 🔛 🆎 ✍ ↩️ 🛃 🎓 & 🆎. + +## 💡 🌅 + +👆 💪 💡 🌅 🔃 **🕹** 🛂 🕹 🧾. + +👆 💪 ✍ 🌅 🔃 🔠 👈 🗃 🔬 🔛 👫 🔗. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/how-to/sql-databases-peewee.md b/docs/em/docs/how-to/sql-databases-peewee.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..62619fc2c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/how-to/sql-databases-peewee.md @@ -0,0 +1,529 @@ +# 🗄 (🔗) 💽 ⏮️ 🏒 + +!!! warning + 🚥 👆 ▶️, 🔰 [🗄 (🔗) 💽](../tutorial/sql-databases.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 👈 ⚙️ 🇸🇲 🔜 🥃. + + 💭 🆓 🚶 👉. + +🚥 👆 ▶️ 🏗 ⚪️➡️ 🖌, 👆 🎲 👻 📆 ⏮️ 🇸🇲 🐜 ([🗄 (🔗) 💽](../tutorial/sql-databases.md){.internal-link target=_blank}), ⚖️ 🙆 🎏 🔁 🐜. + +🚥 👆 ⏪ ✔️ 📟 🧢 👈 ⚙️ 🏒 🐜, 👆 💪 ✅ 📥 ❔ ⚙️ ⚫️ ⏮️ **FastAPI**. + +!!! warning "🐍 3️⃣.7️⃣ ➕ ✔" + 👆 🔜 💪 🐍 3️⃣.7️⃣ ⚖️ 🔛 🔒 ⚙️ 🏒 ⏮️ FastAPI. + +## 🏒 🔁 + +🏒 🚫 🔧 🔁 🛠️, ⚖️ ⏮️ 👫 🤯. + +🏒 ✔️ 🏋️ 🔑 🔃 🚮 🔢 & 🔃 ❔ ⚫️ 🔜 ⚙️. + +🚥 👆 🛠️ 🈸 ⏮️ 🗝 🚫-🔁 🛠️, & 💪 👷 ⏮️ 🌐 🚮 🔢, **⚫️ 💪 👑 🧰**. + +✋️ 🚥 👆 💪 🔀 🔢, 🐕‍🦺 🌖 🌘 1️⃣ 🔁 💽, 👷 ⏮️ 🔁 🛠️ (💖 FastAPI), ♒️, 👆 🔜 💪 🚮 🏗 ➕ 📟 🔐 👈 🔢. + +👐, ⚫️ 💪 ⚫️, & 📥 👆 🔜 👀 ⚫️❔ ⚫️❔ 📟 👆 ✔️ 🚮 💪 ⚙️ 🏒 ⏮️ FastAPI. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 👆 💪 ✍ 🌅 🔃 🏒 🧍 🔃 🔁 🐍 🩺, ❔, 🇵🇷. + +## 🎏 📱 + +👥 🔜 ✍ 🎏 🈸 🇸🇲 🔰 ([🗄 (🔗) 💽](../tutorial/sql-databases.md){.internal-link target=_blank}). + +🌅 📟 🤙 🎏. + +, 👥 🔜 🎯 🕴 🔛 🔺. + +## 📁 📊 + +➡️ 💬 👆 ✔️ 📁 📛 `my_super_project` 👈 🔌 🎧-📁 🤙 `sql_app` ⏮️ 📊 💖 👉: + +``` +. +└── sql_app + ├── __init__.py + ├── crud.py + ├── database.py + ├── main.py + └── schemas.py +``` + +👉 🌖 🎏 📊 👥 ✔️ 🇸🇲 🔰. + +🔜 ➡️ 👀 ⚫️❔ 🔠 📁/🕹 🔨. + +## ✍ 🏒 🍕 + +➡️ 🔗 📁 `sql_app/database.py`. + +### 🐩 🏒 📟 + +➡️ 🥇 ✅ 🌐 😐 🏒 📟, ✍ 🏒 💽: + +```Python hl_lines="3 5 22" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + ✔️ 🤯 👈 🚥 👆 💚 ⚙️ 🎏 💽, 💖 ✳, 👆 🚫 🚫 🔀 🎻. 👆 🔜 💪 ⚙️ 🎏 🏒 💽 🎓. + +#### 🗒 + +❌: + +```Python +check_same_thread=False +``` + +🌓 1️⃣ 🇸🇲 🔰: + +```Python +connect_args={"check_same_thread": False} +``` + +...⚫️ 💪 🕴 `SQLite`. + +!!! info "📡 ℹ" + + ⚫️❔ 🎏 📡 ℹ [🗄 (🔗) 💽](../tutorial/sql-databases.md#note){.internal-link target=_blank} ✔. + +### ⚒ 🏒 🔁-🔗 `PeeweeConnectionState` + +👑 ❔ ⏮️ 🏒 & FastAPI 👈 🏒 ⚓️ 🙇 🔛 🐍 `threading.local`, & ⚫️ 🚫 ✔️ 🎯 🌌 🔐 ⚫️ ⚖️ ➡️ 👆 🍵 🔗/🎉 🔗 (🔨 🇸🇲 🔰). + +& `threading.local` 🚫 🔗 ⏮️ 🆕 🔁 ⚒ 🏛 🐍. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + `threading.local` ⚙️ ✔️ "🎱" 🔢 👈 ✔️ 🎏 💲 🔠 🧵. + + 👉 ⚠ 🗝 🛠️ 🏗 ✔️ 1️⃣ 👁 🧵 📍 📨, 🙅‍♂ 🌖, 🙅‍♂ 🌘. + + ⚙️ 👉, 🔠 📨 🔜 ✔️ 🚮 👍 💽 🔗/🎉, ❔ ☑ 🏁 🥅. + + ✋️ FastAPI, ⚙️ 🆕 🔁 ⚒, 💪 🍵 🌅 🌘 1️⃣ 📨 🔛 🎏 🧵. & 🎏 🕰, 👁 📨, ⚫️ 💪 🏃 💗 👜 🎏 🧵 (🧵), ⚓️ 🔛 🚥 👆 ⚙️ `async def` ⚖️ 😐 `def`. 👉 ⚫️❔ 🤝 🌐 🎭 📈 FastAPI. + +✋️ 🐍 3️⃣.7️⃣ & 🔛 🚚 🌖 🏧 🎛 `threading.local`, 👈 💪 ⚙️ 🥉 🌐❔ `threading.local` 🔜 ⚙️, ✋️ 🔗 ⏮️ 🆕 🔁 ⚒. + +👥 🔜 ⚙️ 👈. ⚫️ 🤙 `contextvars`. + +👥 🔜 🔐 🔗 🍕 🏒 👈 ⚙️ `threading.local` & ❎ 👫 ⏮️ `contextvars`, ⏮️ 🔗 ℹ. + +👉 5️⃣📆 😑 🍖 🏗 (& ⚫️ 🤙), 👆 🚫 🤙 💪 🍕 🤔 ❔ ⚫️ 👷 ⚙️ ⚫️. + +👥 🔜 ✍ `PeeweeConnectionState`: + +```Python hl_lines="10-19" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +👉 🎓 😖 ⚪️➡️ 🎁 🔗 🎓 ⚙️ 🏒. + +⚫️ ✔️ 🌐 ⚛ ⚒ 🏒 ⚙️ `contextvars` ↩️ `threading.local`. + +`contextvars` 👷 🍖 🎏 🌘 `threading.local`. ✋️ 🎂 🏒 🔗 📟 🤔 👈 👉 🎓 👷 ⏮️ `threading.local`. + +, 👥 💪 ➕ 🎱 ⚒ ⚫️ 👷 🚥 ⚫️ ⚙️ `threading.local`. `__init__`, `__setattr__`, & `__getattr__` 🛠️ 🌐 ✔ 🎱 👉 ⚙️ 🏒 🍵 🤔 👈 ⚫️ 🔜 🔗 ⏮️ FastAPI. + +!!! tip + 👉 🔜 ⚒ 🏒 🎭 ☑ 🕐❔ ⚙️ ⏮️ FastAPI. 🚫 🎲 📂 ⚖️ 📪 🔗 👈 ➖ ⚙️, 🏗 ❌, ♒️. + + ✋️ ⚫️ 🚫 🤝 🏒 🔁 💎-🏋️. 👆 🔜 ⚙️ 😐 `def` 🔢 & 🚫 `async def`. + +### ⚙️ 🛃 `PeeweeConnectionState` 🎓 + +🔜, 📁 `._state` 🔗 🔢 🏒 💽 `db` 🎚 ⚙️ 🆕 `PeeweeConnectionState`: + +```Python hl_lines="24" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + ⚒ 💭 👆 📁 `db._state` *⏮️* 🏗 `db`. + +!!! tip + 👆 🔜 🎏 🙆 🎏 🏒 💽, 🔌 `PostgresqlDatabase`, `MySQLDatabase`, ♒️. + +## ✍ 💽 🏷 + +➡️ 🔜 👀 📁 `sql_app/models.py`. + +### ✍ 🏒 🏷 👆 💽 + +🔜 ✍ 🏒 🏷 (🎓) `User` & `Item`. + +👉 🎏 👆 🔜 🚥 👆 ⏩ 🏒 🔰 & ℹ 🏷 ✔️ 🎏 💽 🇸🇲 🔰. + +!!! tip + 🏒 ⚙️ ⚖ "**🏷**" 🔗 👉 🎓 & 👐 👈 🔗 ⏮️ 💽. + + ✋️ Pydantic ⚙️ ⚖ "**🏷**" 🔗 🕳 🎏, 💽 🔬, 🛠️, & 🧾 🎓 & 👐. + +🗄 `db` ⚪️➡️ `database` (📁 `database.py` ⚪️➡️ 🔛) & ⚙️ ⚫️ 📥. + +```Python hl_lines="3 6-12 15-21" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/models.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 🏒 ✍ 📚 🎱 🔢. + + ⚫️ 🔜 🔁 🚮 `id` 🔢 🔢 👑 🔑. + + ⚫️ 🔜 ⚒ 📛 🏓 ⚓️ 🔛 🎓 📛. + + `Item`, ⚫️ 🔜 ✍ 🔢 `owner_id` ⏮️ 🔢 🆔 `User`. ✋️ 👥 🚫 📣 ⚫️ 🙆. + +## ✍ Pydantic 🏷 + +🔜 ➡️ ✅ 📁 `sql_app/schemas.py`. + +!!! tip + ❎ 😨 🖖 🏒 *🏷* & Pydantic *🏷*, 👥 🔜 ✔️ 📁 `models.py` ⏮️ 🏒 🏷, & 📁 `schemas.py` ⏮️ Pydantic 🏷. + + 👫 Pydantic 🏷 🔬 🌅 ⚖️ 🌘 "🔗" (☑ 📊 💠). + + 👉 🔜 ℹ 👥 ❎ 😨 ⏪ ⚙️ 👯‍♂️. + +### ✍ Pydantic *🏷* / 🔗 + +✍ 🌐 🎏 Pydantic 🏷 🇸🇲 🔰: + +```Python hl_lines="16-18 21-22 25-30 34-35 38-39 42-48" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/schemas.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 📥 👥 🏗 🏷 ⏮️ `id`. + + 👥 🚫 🎯 ✔ `id` 🔢 🏒 🏷, ✋️ 🏒 🚮 1️⃣ 🔁. + + 👥 ❎ 🎱 `owner_id` 🔢 `Item`. + +### ✍ `PeeweeGetterDict` Pydantic *🏷* / 🔗 + +🕐❔ 👆 🔐 💛 🏒 🎚, 💖 `some_user.items`, 🏒 🚫 🚚 `list` `Item`. + +⚫️ 🚚 🎁 🛃 🎚 🎓 `ModelSelect`. + +⚫️ 💪 ✍ `list` 🚮 🏬 ⏮️ `list(some_user.items)`. + +✋️ 🎚 ⚫️ 🚫 `list`. & ⚫️ 🚫 ☑ 🐍 🚂. ↩️ 👉, Pydantic 🚫 💭 🔢 ❔ 🗜 ⚫️ `list` Pydantic *🏷* / 🔗. + +✋️ ⏮️ ⏬ Pydantic ✔ 🚚 🛃 🎓 👈 😖 ⚪️➡️ `pydantic.utils.GetterDict`, 🚚 🛠️ ⚙️ 🕐❔ ⚙️ `orm_mode = True` 🗃 💲 🐜 🏷 🔢. + +👥 🔜 ✍ 🛃 `PeeweeGetterDict` 🎓 & ⚙️ ⚫️ 🌐 🎏 Pydantic *🏷* / 🔗 👈 ⚙️ `orm_mode`: + +```Python hl_lines="3 8-13 31 49" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/schemas.py!} +``` + +📥 👥 ✅ 🚥 🔢 👈 ➖ 🔐 (✅ `.items` `some_user.items`) 👐 `peewee.ModelSelect`. + +& 🚥 👈 💼, 📨 `list` ⏮️ ⚫️. + +& ⤴️ 👥 ⚙️ ⚫️ Pydantic *🏷* / 🔗 👈 ⚙️ `orm_mode = True`, ⏮️ 📳 🔢 `getter_dict = PeeweeGetterDict`. + +!!! tip + 👥 🕴 💪 ✍ 1️⃣ `PeeweeGetterDict` 🎓, & 👥 💪 ⚙️ ⚫️ 🌐 Pydantic *🏷* / 🔗. + +## 💩 🇨🇻 + +🔜 ➡️ 👀 📁 `sql_app/crud.py`. + +### ✍ 🌐 💩 🇨🇻 + +✍ 🌐 🎏 💩 🇨🇻 🇸🇲 🔰, 🌐 📟 📶 🎏: + +```Python hl_lines="1 4-5 8-9 12-13 16-20 23-24 27-30" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/crud.py!} +``` + +📤 🔺 ⏮️ 📟 🇸🇲 🔰. + +👥 🚫 🚶‍♀️ `db` 🔢 🤭. ↩️ 👥 ⚙️ 🏷 🔗. 👉 ↩️ `db` 🎚 🌐 🎚, 👈 🔌 🌐 🔗 ⚛. 👈 ⚫️❔ 👥 ✔️ 🌐 `contextvars` ℹ 🔛. + +🆖, 🕐❔ 🛬 📚 🎚, 💖 `get_users`, 👥 🔗 🤙 `list`, 💖: + +```Python +list(models.User.select()) +``` + +👉 🎏 🤔 👈 👥 ✔️ ✍ 🛃 `PeeweeGetterDict`. ✋️ 🛬 🕳 👈 ⏪ `list` ↩️ `peewee.ModelSelect` `response_model` *➡ 🛠️* ⏮️ `List[models.User]` (👈 👥 🔜 👀 ⏪) 🔜 👷 ☑. + +## 👑 **FastAPI** 📱 + +& 🔜 📁 `sql_app/main.py` ➡️ 🛠️ & ⚙️ 🌐 🎏 🍕 👥 ✍ ⏭. + +### ✍ 💽 🏓 + +📶 🙃 🌌 ✍ 💽 🏓: + +```Python hl_lines="9-11" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/main.py!} +``` + +### ✍ 🔗 + +✍ 🔗 👈 🔜 🔗 💽 ▶️️ ▶️ 📨 & 🔌 ⚫️ 🔚: + +```Python hl_lines="23-29" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/main.py!} +``` + +📥 👥 ✔️ 🛁 `yield` ↩️ 👥 🤙 🚫 ⚙️ 💽 🎚 🔗. + +⚫️ 🔗 💽 & ♻ 🔗 💽 🔗 🔢 👈 🔬 🔠 📨 (⚙️ `contextvars` 🎱 ⚪️➡️ 🔛). + +↩️ 💽 🔗 ⚠ 👤/🅾 🚧, 👉 🔗 ✍ ⏮️ 😐 `def` 🔢. + +& ⤴️, 🔠 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 👈 💪 🔐 💽 👥 🚮 ⚫️ 🔗. + +✋️ 👥 🚫 ⚙️ 💲 👐 👉 🔗 (⚫️ 🤙 🚫 🤝 🙆 💲, ⚫️ ✔️ 🛁 `yield`). , 👥 🚫 🚮 ⚫️ *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* ✋️ *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨* `dependencies` 🔢: + +```Python hl_lines="32 40 47 59 65 72" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/main.py!} +``` + +### 🔑 🔢 🎧-🔗 + +🌐 `contextvars` 🍕 👷, 👥 💪 ⚒ 💭 👥 ✔️ 🔬 💲 `ContextVar` 🔠 📨 👈 ⚙️ 💽, & 👈 💲 🔜 ⚙️ 💽 🇵🇸 (🔗, 💵, ♒️) 🎂 📨. + +👈, 👥 💪 ✍ ➕1️⃣ `async` 🔗 `reset_db_state()` 👈 ⚙️ 🎧-🔗 `get_db()`. ⚫️ 🔜 ⚒ 💲 🔑 🔢 (⏮️ 🔢 `dict`) 👈 🔜 ⚙️ 💽 🇵🇸 🎂 📨. & ⤴️ 🔗 `get_db()` 🔜 🏪 ⚫️ 💽 🇵🇸 (🔗, 💵, ♒️). + +```Python hl_lines="18-20" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/main.py!} +``` + +**⏭ 📨**, 👥 🔜 ⏲ 👈 🔑 🔢 🔄 `async` 🔗 `reset_db_state()` & ⤴️ ✍ 🆕 🔗 `get_db()` 🔗, 👈 🆕 📨 🔜 ✔️ 🚮 👍 💽 🇵🇸 (🔗, 💵, ♒️). + +!!! tip + FastAPI 🔁 🛠️, 1️⃣ 📨 💪 ▶️ ➖ 🛠️, & ⏭ 🏁, ➕1️⃣ 📨 💪 📨 & ▶️ 🏭 👍, & ⚫️ 🌐 💪 🛠️ 🎏 🧵. + + ✋️ 🔑 🔢 🤔 👫 🔁 ⚒,, 🏒 💽 🇵🇸 ⚒ `async` 🔗 `reset_db_state()` 🔜 🚧 🚮 👍 💽 🎂 🎂 📨. + + & 🎏 🕰, 🎏 🛠️ 📨 🔜 ✔️ 🚮 👍 💽 🇵🇸 👈 🔜 🔬 🎂 📨. + +#### 🏒 🗳 + +🚥 👆 ⚙️ 🏒 🗳, ☑ 💽 `db.obj`. + +, 👆 🔜 ⏲ ⚫️ ⏮️: + +```Python hl_lines="3-4" +async def reset_db_state(): + database.db.obj._state._state.set(db_state_default.copy()) + database.db.obj._state.reset() +``` + +### ✍ 👆 **FastAPI** *➡ 🛠️* + +🔜, 😒, 📥 🐩 **FastAPI** *➡ 🛠️* 📟. + +```Python hl_lines="32-37 40-43 46-53 56-62 65-68 71-79" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/main.py!} +``` + +### 🔃 `def` 🆚 `async def` + +🎏 ⏮️ 🇸🇲, 👥 🚫 🔨 🕳 💖: + +```Python +user = await models.User.select().first() +``` + +...✋️ ↩️ 👥 ⚙️: + +```Python +user = models.User.select().first() +``` + +, 🔄, 👥 🔜 📣 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* & 🔗 🍵 `async def`, ⏮️ 😐 `def`,: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +# Something goes here +def read_users(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + # Something goes here +``` + +## 🔬 🏒 ⏮️ 🔁 + +👉 🖼 🔌 ➕ *➡ 🛠️* 👈 🔬 📏 🏭 📨 ⏮️ `time.sleep(sleep_time)`. + +⚫️ 🔜 ✔️ 💽 🔗 📂 ▶️ & 🔜 ⌛ 🥈 ⏭ 🙇 🔙. & 🔠 🆕 📨 🔜 ⌛ 🕐 🥈 🌘. + +👉 🔜 💪 ➡️ 👆 💯 👈 👆 📱 ⏮️ 🏒 & FastAPI 🎭 ☑ ⏮️ 🌐 💩 🔃 🧵. + +🚥 👆 💚 ✅ ❔ 🏒 🔜 💔 👆 📱 🚥 ⚙️ 🍵 🛠️, 🚶 `sql_app/database.py` 📁 & 🏤 ⏸: + +```Python +# db._state = PeeweeConnectionState() +``` + +& 📁 `sql_app/main.py` 📁, 🏤 💪 `async` 🔗 `reset_db_state()` & ❎ ⚫️ ⏮️ `pass`: + +```Python +async def reset_db_state(): +# database.db._state._state.set(db_state_default.copy()) +# database.db._state.reset() + pass +``` + +⤴️ 🏃 👆 📱 ⏮️ Uvicorn: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn sql_app.main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +📂 👆 🖥 http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs & ✍ 👩‍❤‍👨 👩‍💻. + +⤴️ 📂 1️⃣0️⃣ 📑 http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs#/default/read_🐌_👩‍💻_slowusers_ = 🎏 🕰. + +🚶 *➡ 🛠️* "🤚 `/slowusers/`" 🌐 📑. ⚙️ "🔄 ⚫️ 👅" 🔼 & 🛠️ 📨 🔠 📑, 1️⃣ ▶️️ ⏮️ 🎏. + +📑 🔜 ⌛ 🍖 & ⤴️ 👫 🔜 🎦 `Internal Server Error`. + +### ⚫️❔ 🔨 + +🥇 📑 🔜 ⚒ 👆 📱 ✍ 🔗 💽 & ⌛ 🥈 ⏭ 🙇 🔙 & 📪 💽 🔗. + +⤴️, 📨 ⏭ 📑, 👆 📱 🔜 ⌛ 🕐 🥈 🌘, & 🔛. + +👉 ⛓ 👈 ⚫️ 🔜 🔚 🆙 🏁 🏁 📑' 📨 ⏪ 🌘 ⏮️ 🕐. + +⤴️ 1️⃣ 🏁 📨 👈 ⌛ 🌘 🥈 🔜 🔄 📂 💽 🔗, ✋️ 1️⃣ 📚 ⏮️ 📨 🎏 📑 🔜 🎲 🍵 🎏 🧵 🥇 🕐, ⚫️ 🔜 ✔️ 🎏 💽 🔗 👈 ⏪ 📂, & 🏒 🔜 🚮 ❌ & 👆 🔜 👀 ⚫️ 📶, & 📨 🔜 ✔️ `Internal Server Error`. + +👉 🔜 🎲 🔨 🌅 🌘 1️⃣ 📚 📑. + +🚥 👆 ✔️ 💗 👩‍💻 💬 👆 📱 ⚫️❔ 🎏 🕰, 👉 ⚫️❔ 💪 🔨. + +& 👆 📱 ▶️ 🍵 🌅 & 🌖 👩‍💻 🎏 🕰, ⌛ 🕰 👁 📨 💪 📏 & 📏 ⏲ ❌. + +### 🔧 🏒 ⏮️ FastAPI + +🔜 🚶 🔙 📁 `sql_app/database.py`, & ✍ ⏸: + +```Python +db._state = PeeweeConnectionState() +``` + +& 📁 `sql_app/main.py` 📁, ✍ 💪 `async` 🔗 `reset_db_state()`: + +```Python +async def reset_db_state(): + database.db._state._state.set(db_state_default.copy()) + database.db._state.reset() +``` + +❎ 👆 🏃‍♂ 📱 & ▶️ ⚫️ 🔄. + +🔁 🎏 🛠️ ⏮️ 1️⃣0️⃣ 📑. 👉 🕰 🌐 👫 🔜 ⌛ & 👆 🔜 🤚 🌐 🏁 🍵 ❌. + +...👆 🔧 ⚫️ ❗ + +## 📄 🌐 📁 + + 💭 👆 🔜 ✔️ 📁 📛 `my_super_project` (⚖️ 👐 👆 💚) 👈 🔌 🎧-📁 🤙 `sql_app`. + +`sql_app` 🔜 ✔️ 📄 📁: + +* `sql_app/__init__.py`: 🛁 📁. + +* `sql_app/database.py`: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +* `sql_app/models.py`: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/models.py!} +``` + +* `sql_app/schemas.py`: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/schemas.py!} +``` + +* `sql_app/crud.py`: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/crud.py!} +``` + +* `sql_app/main.py`: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/main.py!} +``` + +## 📡 ℹ + +!!! warning + 👉 📶 📡 ℹ 👈 👆 🎲 🚫 💪. + +### ⚠ + +🏒 ⚙️ `threading.local` 🔢 🏪 ⚫️ 💽 "🇵🇸" 💽 (🔗, 💵, ♒️). + +`threading.local` ✍ 💲 🌟 ⏮️ 🧵, ✋️ 🔁 🛠️ 🔜 🏃 🌐 📟 (✅ 🔠 📨) 🎏 🧵, & 🎲 🚫 ✔. + +🔛 🔝 👈, 🔁 🛠️ 💪 🏃 🔁 📟 🧵 (⚙️ `asyncio.run_in_executor`), ✋️ 🔗 🎏 📨. + +👉 ⛓ 👈, ⏮️ 🏒 ⏮️ 🛠️, 💗 📋 💪 ⚙️ 🎏 `threading.local` 🔢 & 🔚 🆙 🤝 🎏 🔗 & 💽 (👈 👫 🚫🔜 🚫), & 🎏 🕰, 🚥 👫 🛠️ 🔁 👤/🅾-🚧 📟 🧵 (⏮️ 😐 `def` 🔢 FastAPI, *➡ 🛠️* & 🔗), 👈 📟 🏆 🚫 ✔️ 🔐 💽 🇵🇸 🔢, ⏪ ⚫️ 🍕 🎏 📨 & ⚫️ 🔜 💪 🤚 🔐 🎏 💽 🇵🇸. + +### 🔑 🔢 + +🐍 3️⃣.7️⃣ ✔️ `contextvars` 👈 💪 ✍ 🇧🇿 🔢 📶 🎏 `threading.local`, ✋️ 🔗 👫 🔁 ⚒. + +📤 📚 👜 ✔️ 🤯. + +`ContextVar` ✔️ ✍ 🔝 🕹, 💖: + +```Python +some_var = ContextVar("some_var", default="default value") +``` + +⚒ 💲 ⚙️ ⏮️ "🔑" (✅ ⏮️ 📨) ⚙️: + +```Python +some_var.set("new value") +``` + +🤚 💲 🙆 🔘 🔑 (✅ 🙆 🍕 🚚 ⏮️ 📨) ⚙️: + +```Python +some_var.get() +``` + +### ⚒ 🔑 🔢 `async` 🔗 `reset_db_state()` + +🚥 🍕 🔁 📟 ⚒ 💲 ⏮️ `some_var.set("updated in function")` (✅ 💖 `async` 🔗), 🎂 📟 ⚫️ & 📟 👈 🚶 ⏮️ (✅ 📟 🔘 `async` 🔢 🤙 ⏮️ `await`) 🔜 👀 👈 🆕 💲. + +, 👆 💼, 🚥 👥 ⚒ 🏒 🇵🇸 🔢 (⏮️ 🔢 `dict`) `async` 🔗, 🌐 🎂 🔗 📟 👆 📱 🔜 👀 👉 💲 & 🔜 💪 ♻ ⚫️ 🎂 📨. + +& 🔑 🔢 🔜 ⚒ 🔄 ⏭ 📨, 🚥 👫 🛠️. + +### ⚒ 💽 🇵🇸 🔗 `get_db()` + +`get_db()` 😐 `def` 🔢, **FastAPI** 🔜 ⚒ ⚫️ 🏃 🧵, ⏮️ *📁* "🔑", 🧑‍🤝‍🧑 🎏 💲 🔑 🔢 ( `dict` ⏮️ ⏲ 💽 🇵🇸). ⤴️ ⚫️ 💪 🚮 💽 🇵🇸 👈 `dict`, 💖 🔗, ♒️. + +✋️ 🚥 💲 🔑 🔢 (🔢 `dict`) ⚒ 👈 😐 `def` 🔢, ⚫️ 🔜 ✍ 🆕 💲 👈 🔜 🚧 🕴 👈 🧵 🧵, & 🎂 📟 (💖 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*) 🚫🔜 ✔️ 🔐 ⚫️. `get_db()` 👥 💪 🕴 ⚒ 💲 `dict`, ✋️ 🚫 🎂 `dict` ⚫️. + +, 👥 💪 ✔️ `async` 🔗 `reset_db_state()` ⚒ `dict` 🔑 🔢. 👈 🌌, 🌐 📟 ✔️ 🔐 🎏 `dict` 💽 🇵🇸 👁 📨. + +### 🔗 & 🔌 🔗 `get_db()` + +⤴️ ⏭ ❔ 🔜, ⚫️❔ 🚫 🔗 & 🔌 💽 `async` 🔗 ⚫️, ↩️ `get_db()`❓ + +`async` 🔗 ✔️ `async` 🔑 🔢 🛡 🎂 📨, ✋️ 🏗 & 📪 💽 🔗 ⚠ 🚧, ⚫️ 💪 📉 🎭 🚥 ⚫️ 📤. + +👥 💪 😐 `def` 🔗 `get_db()`. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/index.md b/docs/em/docs/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7df28160 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,469 @@ +

+ FastAPI +

+

+ FastAPI 🛠️, ↕ 🎭, ⏩ 💡, ⏩ 📟, 🔜 🏭 +

+

+ + Test + + + Coverage + + + Package version + + + Supported Python versions + +

+ +--- + +**🧾**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com + +**ℹ 📟**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi + +--- + +FastAPI 🏛, ⏩ (↕-🎭), 🕸 🛠️ 🏗 🛠️ ⏮️ 🐍 3️⃣.8️⃣ ➕ ⚓️ 🔛 🐩 🐍 🆎 🔑. + +🔑 ⚒: + +* **⏩**: 📶 ↕ 🎭, 🔛 🇷🇪 ⏮️ **✳** & **🚶** (👏 💃 & Pydantic). [1️⃣ ⏩ 🐍 🛠️ 💪](#performance). +* **⏩ 📟**: 📈 🚅 🛠️ ⚒ 🔃 2️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ 💯 3️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ 💯. * +* **👩‍❤‍👨 🐛**: 📉 🔃 4️⃣0️⃣ 💯 🗿 (👩‍💻) 📉 ❌. * +* **🏋️**: 👑 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺. 🛠️ 🌐. 🌘 🕰 🛠️. +* **⏩**: 🔧 ⏩ ⚙️ & 💡. 🌘 🕰 👂 🩺. +* **📏**: 📉 📟 ❎. 💗 ⚒ ⚪️➡️ 🔠 🔢 📄. 👩‍❤‍👨 🐛. +* **🏋️**: 🤚 🏭-🔜 📟. ⏮️ 🏧 🎓 🧾. +* **🐩-⚓️**: ⚓️ 🔛 (& 🍕 🔗 ⏮️) 📂 🐩 🔗: 🗄 (⏪ 💭 🦁) & 🎻 🔗. + +* ⚖ ⚓️ 🔛 💯 🔛 🔗 🛠️ 🏉, 🏗 🏭 🈸. + +## 💰 + + + +{% if sponsors %} +{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%} + +{% endfor -%} +{%- for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%} + +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + + + +🎏 💰 + +## 🤔 + +"_[...] 👤 ⚙️ **FastAPI** 📚 👫 📆. [...] 👤 🤙 📆 ⚙️ ⚫️ 🌐 👇 🏉 **⚗ 🐕‍🦺 🤸‍♂**. 👫 💆‍♂ 🛠️ 🔘 🐚 **🖥** 🏬 & **📠** 🏬._" + +
🧿 🇵🇰 - 🤸‍♂ (🇦🇪)
+ +--- + +"_👥 🛠️ **FastAPI** 🗃 🤖 **🎂** 💽 👈 💪 🔢 🚚 **🔮**. [👨📛]_" + +
🇮🇹 🇸🇻, 👨📛 👨📛, & 🇱🇰 🕉 🕉 - 🙃 (🇦🇪)
+ +--- + +"_**📺** 🙏 📣 📂-ℹ 🚀 👆 **⚔ 🧾** 🎶 🛠️: **📨**❗ [🏗 ⏮️ **FastAPI**]_" + +
✡ 🍏, 👖 🇪🇸, 🌲 🍏 - 📺 (🇦🇪)
+ +--- + +"_👤 🤭 🌕 😄 🔃 **FastAPI**. ⚫️ 🎊 ❗_" + +
✡ 🇭🇰 - 🐍 🔢 📻 🦠 (🇦🇪)
+ +--- + +"_🤙, ⚫️❔ 👆 ✔️ 🏗 👀 💎 💠 & 🇵🇱. 📚 🌌, ⚫️ ⚫️❔ 👤 💚 **🤗** - ⚫️ 🤙 😍 👀 👱 🏗 👈._" + +
✡ 🗄 - 🤗 👼 (🇦🇪)
+ +--- + +"_🚥 👆 👀 💡 1️⃣ **🏛 🛠️** 🏗 🎂 🔗, ✅ 👅 **FastAPI** [...] ⚫️ ⏩, ⏩ ⚙️ & ⏩ 💡 [...]_" + +"_👥 ✔️ 🎛 🤭 **FastAPI** 👆 **🔗** [...] 👤 💭 👆 🔜 💖 ⚫️ [...]_" + +
🇱🇨 🇸🇲 - ✡ Honnibal - 💥 👲 🕴 - 🌈 👼 (🇦🇪) - (🇦🇪)
+ +--- + +"_🚥 🙆 👀 🏗 🏭 🐍 🛠️, 👤 🔜 🏆 👍 **FastAPI**. ⚫️ **💎 🏗**, **🙅 ⚙️** & **🏆 🛠️**, ⚫️ ✔️ ▶️️ **🔑 🦲** 👆 🛠️ 🥇 🛠️ 🎛 & 🚘 📚 🏧 & 🐕‍🦺 ✅ 👆 🕹 🔫 👨‍💻._" + +
🇹🇦 🍰 - 📻 (🇦🇪)
+ +--- + +## **🏎**, FastAPI 🇳🇨 + + + +🚥 👆 🏗 ✳ 📱 ⚙️ 📶 ↩️ 🕸 🛠️, ✅ 👅 **🏎**. + +**🏎** FastAPI 🐥 👪. & ⚫️ 🎯 **FastAPI 🇳🇨**. 👶 👶 👶 + +## 📄 + +🐍 3️⃣.7️⃣ ➕ + +FastAPI 🧍 🔛 ⌚ 🐘: + +* 💃 🕸 🍕. +* Pydantic 📊 🍕. + +## 👷‍♂ + +
+ +```console +$ pip install fastapi + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +👆 🔜 💪 🔫 💽, 🏭 ✅ Uvicorn ⚖️ Hypercorn. + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +## 🖼 + +### ✍ ⚫️ + +* ✍ 📁 `main.py` ⏮️: + +```Python +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +
+⚖️ ⚙️ async def... + +🚥 👆 📟 ⚙️ `async` / `await`, ⚙️ `async def`: + +```Python hl_lines="9 14" +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +async def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +**🗒**: + +🚥 👆 🚫 💭, ✅ _"🏃 ❓" _ 📄 🔃 `async` & `await` 🩺. + +
+ +### 🏃 ⚫️ + +🏃 💽 ⏮️: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +
+🔃 📋 uvicorn main:app --reload... + +📋 `uvicorn main:app` 🔗: + +* `main`: 📁 `main.py` (🐍 "🕹"). +* `app`: 🎚 ✍ 🔘 `main.py` ⏮️ ⏸ `app = FastAPI()`. +* `--reload`: ⚒ 💽 ⏏ ⏮️ 📟 🔀. 🕴 👉 🛠️. + +
+ +### ✅ ⚫️ + +📂 👆 🖥 http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. + +👆 🔜 👀 🎻 📨: + +```JSON +{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} +``` + +👆 ⏪ ✍ 🛠️ 👈: + +* 📨 🇺🇸🔍 📨 _➡_ `/` & `/items/{item_id}`. +* 👯‍♂️ _➡_ ✊ `GET` 🛠️ (💭 🇺🇸🔍 _👩‍🔬_). +* _➡_ `/items/{item_id}` ✔️ _➡ 🔢_ `item_id` 👈 🔜 `int`. +* _➡_ `/items/{item_id}` ✔️ 📦 `str` _🔢 = `q`. + +### 🎓 🛠️ 🩺 + +🔜 🚶 http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +👆 🔜 👀 🏧 🎓 🛠️ 🧾 (🚚 🦁 🎚): + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +### 🎛 🛠️ 🩺 + +& 🔜, 🚶 http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. + +👆 🔜 👀 🎛 🏧 🧾 (🚚 📄): + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +## 🖼 ♻ + +🔜 🔀 📁 `main.py` 📨 💪 ⚪️➡️ `PUT` 📨. + +📣 💪 ⚙️ 🐩 🐍 🆎, 👏 Pydantic. + +```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + price: float + is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} +``` + +💽 🔜 🔃 🔁 (↩️ 👆 🚮 `--reload` `uvicorn` 📋 🔛). + +### 🎓 🛠️ 🩺 ♻ + +🔜 🚶 http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +* 🎓 🛠️ 🧾 🔜 🔁 ℹ, 🔌 🆕 💪: + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) + +* 🖊 🔛 🔼 "🔄 ⚫️ 👅", ⚫️ ✔ 👆 🥧 🔢 & 🔗 🔗 ⏮️ 🛠️: + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) + +* ⤴️ 🖊 🔛 "🛠️" 🔼, 👩‍💻 🔢 🔜 🔗 ⏮️ 👆 🛠️, 📨 🔢, 🤚 🏁 & 🎦 👫 🔛 🖥: + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) + +### 🎛 🛠️ 🩺 ♻ + +& 🔜, 🚶 http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. + +* 🎛 🧾 🔜 🎨 🆕 🔢 🔢 & 💪: + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) + +### 🌃 + +📄, 👆 📣 **🕐** 🆎 🔢, 💪, ♒️. 🔢 🔢. + +👆 👈 ⏮️ 🐩 🏛 🐍 🆎. + +👆 🚫 ✔️ 💡 🆕 ❕, 👩‍🔬 ⚖️ 🎓 🎯 🗃, ♒️. + +🐩 **🐍 3️⃣.7️⃣ ➕**. + +🖼, `int`: + +```Python +item_id: int +``` + +⚖️ 🌖 🏗 `Item` 🏷: + +```Python +item: Item +``` + +...& ⏮️ 👈 👁 📄 👆 🤚: + +* 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺, 🔌: + * 🛠️. + * 🆎 ✅. +* 🔬 💽: + * 🏧 & 🆑 ❌ 🕐❔ 📊 ❌. + * 🔬 🙇 🐦 🎻 🎚. +* 🛠️ 🔢 💽: 👟 ⚪️➡️ 🕸 🐍 💽 & 🆎. 👂 ⚪️➡️: + * 🎻. + * ➡ 🔢. + * 🔢 🔢. + * 🍪. + * 🎚. + * 📨. + * 📁. +* 🛠️ 🔢 📊: 🗜 ⚪️➡️ 🐍 💽 & 🆎 🕸 💽 (🎻): + * 🗜 🐍 🆎 (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, ♒️). + * `datetime` 🎚. + * `UUID` 🎚. + * 💽 🏷. + * ...& 📚 🌖. +* 🏧 🎓 🛠️ 🧾, 🔌 2️⃣ 🎛 👩‍💻 🔢: + * 🦁 🎚. + * 📄. + +--- + +👟 🔙 ⏮️ 📟 🖼, **FastAPI** 🔜: + +* ✔ 👈 📤 `item_id` ➡ `GET` & `PUT` 📨. +* ✔ 👈 `item_id` 🆎 `int` `GET` & `PUT` 📨. + * 🚥 ⚫️ 🚫, 👩‍💻 🔜 👀 ⚠, 🆑 ❌. +* ✅ 🚥 📤 📦 🔢 🔢 📛 `q` ( `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) `GET` 📨. + * `q` 🔢 📣 ⏮️ `= None`, ⚫️ 📦. + * 🍵 `None` ⚫️ 🔜 🚚 (💪 💼 ⏮️ `PUT`). +* `PUT` 📨 `/items/{item_id}`, ✍ 💪 🎻: + * ✅ 👈 ⚫️ ✔️ ✔ 🔢 `name` 👈 🔜 `str`. + * ✅ 👈 ⚫️ ✔️ ✔ 🔢 `price` 👈 ✔️ `float`. + * ✅ 👈 ⚫️ ✔️ 📦 🔢 `is_offer`, 👈 🔜 `bool`, 🚥 🎁. + * 🌐 👉 🔜 👷 🙇 🐦 🎻 🎚. +* 🗜 ⚪️➡️ & 🎻 🔁. +* 📄 🌐 ⏮️ 🗄, 👈 💪 ⚙️: + * 🎓 🧾 ⚙️. + * 🏧 👩‍💻 📟 ⚡ ⚙️, 📚 🇪🇸. +* 🚚 2️⃣ 🎓 🧾 🕸 🔢 🔗. + +--- + +👥 🖌 🧽, ✋️ 👆 ⏪ 🤚 💭 ❔ ⚫️ 🌐 👷. + +🔄 🔀 ⏸ ⏮️: + +```Python + return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} +``` + +...⚪️➡️: + +```Python + ... "item_name": item.name ... +``` + +...: + +```Python + ... "item_price": item.price ... +``` + +...& 👀 ❔ 👆 👨‍🎨 🔜 🚘-🏁 🔢 & 💭 👫 🆎: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) + +🌅 🏁 🖼 🔌 🌅 ⚒, 👀 🔰 - 👩‍💻 🦮. + +**🚘 🚨**: 🔰 - 👩‍💻 🦮 🔌: + +* 📄 **🔢** ⚪️➡️ 🎏 🎏 🥉: **🎚**, **🍪**, **📨 🏑** & **📁**. +* ❔ ⚒ **🔬 ⚛** `maximum_length` ⚖️ `regex`. +* 📶 🏋️ & ⏩ ⚙️ **🔗 💉** ⚙️. +* 💂‍♂ & 🤝, ✅ 🐕‍🦺 **Oauth2️⃣** ⏮️ **🥙 🤝** & **🇺🇸🔍 🔰** 🔐. +* 🌅 🏧 (✋️ 😨 ⏩) ⚒ 📣 **🙇 🐦 🎻 🏷** (👏 Pydantic). +* **🕹** 🛠️ ⏮️ 🍓 & 🎏 🗃. +* 📚 ➕ ⚒ (👏 💃): + * ** *️⃣ ** + * 📶 ⏩ 💯 ⚓️ 🔛 🇸🇲 & `pytest` + * **⚜** + * **🍪 🎉** + * ...& 🌖. + +## 🎭 + +🔬 🇸🇲 📇 🎦 **FastAPI** 🈸 🏃‍♂ 🔽 Uvicorn 1️⃣ ⏩ 🐍 🛠️ 💪, 🕴 🔛 💃 & Uvicorn 👫 (⚙️ 🔘 FastAPI). (*) + +🤔 🌖 🔃 ⚫️, 👀 📄 📇. + +## 📦 🔗 + +⚙️ Pydantic: + +* ujson - ⏩ 🎻 "🎻". +* email_validator - 📧 🔬. + +⚙️ 💃: + +* httpx - ✔ 🚥 👆 💚 ⚙️ `TestClient`. +* jinja2 - ✔ 🚥 👆 💚 ⚙️ 🔢 📄 📳. +* python-multipart - ✔ 🚥 👆 💚 🐕‍🦺 📨 "✍", ⏮️ `request.form()`. +* itsdangerous - ✔ `SessionMiddleware` 🐕‍🦺. +* pyyaml - ✔ 💃 `SchemaGenerator` 🐕‍🦺 (👆 🎲 🚫 💪 ⚫️ ⏮️ FastAPI). +* ujson - ✔ 🚥 👆 💚 ⚙️ `UJSONResponse`. + +⚙️ FastAPI / 💃: + +* uvicorn - 💽 👈 📐 & 🍦 👆 🈸. +* orjson - ✔ 🚥 👆 💚 ⚙️ `ORJSONResponse`. + +👆 💪 ❎ 🌐 👫 ⏮️ `pip install "fastapi[all]"`. + +## 🛂 + +👉 🏗 ® 🔽 ⚖ 🇩🇪 🛂. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/project-generation.md b/docs/em/docs/project-generation.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ae959e1d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/project-generation.md @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +# 🏗 ⚡ - 📄 + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 🏗 🚂 🤚 ▶️, ⚫️ 🔌 📚 ▶️ ⚒ 🆙, 💂‍♂, 💽 & 🛠️ 🔗 ⏪ ⌛ 👆. + +🏗 🚂 🔜 🕧 ✔️ 📶 🙃 🖥 👈 👆 🔜 ℹ & 🛠️ 👆 👍 💪, ✋️ ⚫️ 💪 👍 ▶️ ☝ 👆 🏗. + +## 🌕 📚 FastAPI ✳ + +📂: https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql + +### 🌕 📚 FastAPI ✳ - ⚒ + +* 🌕 **☁** 🛠️ (☁ 🧢). +* ☁ 🐝 📳 🛠️. +* **☁ ✍** 🛠️ & 🛠️ 🇧🇿 🛠️. +* **🏭 🔜** 🐍 🕸 💽 ⚙️ Uvicorn & 🐁. +* 🐍 **FastAPI** 👩‍💻: + * **⏩**: 📶 ↕ 🎭, 🔛 🇷🇪 ⏮️ **✳** & **🚶** (👏 💃 & Pydantic). + * **🏋️**: 👑 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺. 🛠️ 🌐. 🌘 🕰 🛠️. + * **⏩**: 🔧 ⏩ ⚙️ & 💡. 🌘 🕰 👂 🩺. + * **📏**: 📉 📟 ❎. 💗 ⚒ ⚪️➡️ 🔠 🔢 📄. + * **🏋️**: 🤚 🏭-🔜 📟. ⏮️ 🏧 🎓 🧾. + * **🐩-⚓️**: ⚓️ 🔛 (& 🍕 🔗 ⏮️) 📂 🐩 🔗: 🗄 & 🎻 🔗. + * **📚 🎏 ⚒** 🔌 🏧 🔬, 🛠️, 🎓 🧾, 🤝 ⏮️ Oauth2️⃣ 🥙 🤝, ♒️. +* **🔐 🔐** 🔁 🔢. +* **🥙 🤝** 🤝. +* **🇸🇲** 🏷 (🔬 🏺 ↔, 👫 💪 ⚙️ ⏮️ 🥒 👨‍🏭 🔗). +* 🔰 ▶️ 🏷 👩‍💻 (🔀 & ❎ 👆 💪). +* **⚗** 🛠️. +* **⚜** (✖️ 🇨🇳 ℹ 🤝). +* **🥒** 👨‍🏭 👈 💪 🗄 & ⚙️ 🏷 & 📟 ⚪️➡️ 🎂 👩‍💻 🍕. +* 🎂 👩‍💻 💯 ⚓️ 🔛 **✳**, 🛠️ ⏮️ ☁, 👆 💪 💯 🌕 🛠️ 🔗, 🔬 🔛 💽. ⚫️ 🏃 ☁, ⚫️ 💪 🏗 🆕 💽 🏪 ⚪️➡️ 🖌 🔠 🕰 (👆 💪 ⚙️ ✳, ✳, ✳, ⚖️ ⚫️❔ 👆 💚, & 💯 👈 🛠️ 👷). +* ⏩ 🐍 🛠️ ⏮️ **📂 💾** 🛰 ⚖️-☁ 🛠️ ⏮️ ↔ 💖 ⚛ ⚗ ⚖️ 🎙 🎙 📟 📂. +* **🎦** 🕸: + * 🏗 ⏮️ 🎦 ✳. + * **🥙 🤝** 🚚. + * 💳 🎑. + * ⏮️ 💳, 👑 🕹 🎑. + * 👑 🕹 ⏮️ 👩‍💻 🏗 & 📕. + * 👤 👩‍💻 📕. + * **🇷🇪**. + * **🎦-📻**. + * **Vuetify** 🌹 🧽 🔧 🦲. + * **📕**. + * ☁ 💽 ⚓️ 🔛 **👌** (📶 🤾 🎆 ⏮️ 🎦-📻). + * ☁ 👁-▶️ 🏗, 👆 🚫 💪 🖊 ⚖️ 💕 ✍ 📟. + * 🕸 💯 🏃 🏗 🕰 (💪 🔕 💁‍♂️). + * ⚒ 🔧 💪, ⚫️ 👷 👅 📦, ✋️ 👆 💪 🏤-🏗 ⏮️ 🎦 ✳ ⚖️ ✍ ⚫️ 👆 💪, & 🏤-⚙️ ⚫️❔ 👆 💚. +* ** *️⃣ ** ✳ 💽, 👆 💪 🔀 ⚫️ ⚙️ 📁 & ✳ 💪. +* **🥀** 🥒 👨‍🏭 ⚖. +* 📐 ⚖ 🖖 🕸 & 👩‍💻 ⏮️ **Traefik**, 👆 💪 ✔️ 👯‍♂️ 🔽 🎏 🆔, 👽 ➡, ✋️ 🍦 🎏 📦. +* Traefik 🛠️, ✅ ➡️ 🗜 **🇺🇸🔍** 📄 🏧 ⚡. +* ✳ **🆑** (🔁 🛠️), 🔌 🕸 & 👩‍💻 🔬. + +## 🌕 📚 FastAPI 🗄 + +📂: https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-couchbase + +👶 👶 **⚠** 👶 👶 + +🚥 👆 ▶️ 🆕 🏗 ⚪️➡️ 🖌, ✅ 🎛 📥. + +🖼, 🏗 🚂 🌕 📚 FastAPI ✳ 💪 👍 🎛, ⚫️ 🎯 🚧 & ⚙️. & ⚫️ 🔌 🌐 🆕 ⚒ & 📈. + +👆 🆓 ⚙️ 🗄-⚓️ 🚂 🚥 👆 💚, ⚫️ 🔜 🎲 👷 👌, & 🚥 👆 ⏪ ✔️ 🏗 🏗 ⏮️ ⚫️ 👈 👌 👍 (& 👆 🎲 ⏪ ℹ ⚫️ ♣ 👆 💪). + +👆 💪 ✍ 🌅 🔃 ⚫️ 🩺 🏦. + +## 🌕 📚 FastAPI ✳ + +...💪 👟 ⏪, ⚓️ 🔛 👇 🕰 🚚 & 🎏 ⚖. 👶 👶 + +## 🎰 🏫 🏷 ⏮️ 🌈 & FastAPI + +📂: https://github.com/microsoft/cookiecutter-spacy-fastapi + +### 🎰 🏫 🏷 ⏮️ 🌈 & FastAPI - ⚒ + +* **🌈** 🕜 🏷 🛠️. +* **☁ 🧠 🔎** 📨 📁 🏗. +* **🏭 🔜** 🐍 🕸 💽 ⚙️ Uvicorn & 🐁. +* **☁ 👩‍💻** Kubernetes (🦲) 🆑/💿 🛠️ 🏗. +* **🤸‍♂** 💪 ⚒ 1️⃣ 🌈 🏗 🇪🇸 ⏮️ 🏗 🖥. +* **💪 🏧** 🎏 🏷 🛠️ (Pytorch, 🇸🇲), 🚫 🌈. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/python-types.md b/docs/em/docs/python-types.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e079d9039 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/python-types.md @@ -0,0 +1,490 @@ +# 🐍 🆎 🎶 + +🐍 ✔️ 🐕‍🦺 📦 "🆎 🔑". + +👫 **"🆎 🔑"** 🎁 ❕ 👈 ✔ 📣 🆎 🔢. + +📣 🆎 👆 🔢, 👨‍🎨 & 🧰 💪 🤝 👆 👍 🐕‍🦺. + +👉 **⏩ 🔰 / ↗️** 🔃 🐍 🆎 🔑. ⚫️ 📔 🕴 💯 💪 ⚙️ 👫 ⏮️ **FastAPI**... ❔ 🤙 📶 🐥. + +**FastAPI** 🌐 ⚓️ 🔛 👫 🆎 🔑, 👫 🤝 ⚫️ 📚 📈 & 💰. + +✋️ 🚥 👆 🙅 ⚙️ **FastAPI**, 👆 🔜 💰 ⚪️➡️ 🏫 🍖 🔃 👫. + +!!! note + 🚥 👆 🐍 🕴, & 👆 ⏪ 💭 🌐 🔃 🆎 🔑, 🚶 ⏭ 📃. + +## 🎯 + +➡️ ▶️ ⏮️ 🙅 🖼: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +🤙 👉 📋 🔢: + +``` +John Doe +``` + +🔢 🔨 📄: + +* ✊ `first_name` & `last_name`. +* 🗜 🥇 🔤 🔠 1️⃣ ↖ 💼 ⏮️ `title()`. +* 🔢 👫 ⏮️ 🚀 🖕. + +```Python hl_lines="2" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### ✍ ⚫️ + +⚫️ 📶 🙅 📋. + +✋️ 🔜 🌈 👈 👆 ✍ ⚫️ ⚪️➡️ 🖌. + +☝ 👆 🔜 ✔️ ▶️ 🔑 🔢, 👆 ✔️ 🔢 🔜... + +✋️ ⤴️ 👆 ✔️ 🤙 "👈 👩‍🔬 👈 🗜 🥇 🔤 ↖ 💼". + +⚫️ `upper`❓ ⚫️ `uppercase`❓ `first_uppercase`❓ `capitalize`❓ + +⤴️, 👆 🔄 ⏮️ 🗝 👩‍💻 👨‍👧‍👦, 👨‍🎨 ✍. + +👆 🆎 🥇 🔢 🔢, `first_name`, ⤴️ ❣ (`.`) & ⤴️ 🎯 `Ctrl+Space` ⏲ 🛠️. + +✋️, 😞, 👆 🤚 🕳 ⚠: + + + +### 🚮 🆎 + +➡️ 🔀 👁 ⏸ ⚪️➡️ ⏮️ ⏬. + +👥 🔜 🔀 ⚫️❔ 👉 🧬, 🔢 🔢, ⚪️➡️: + +```Python + first_name, last_name +``` + +: + +```Python + first_name: str, last_name: str +``` + +👈 ⚫️. + +👈 "🆎 🔑": + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +👈 🚫 🎏 📣 🔢 💲 💖 🔜 ⏮️: + +```Python + first_name="john", last_name="doe" +``` + +⚫️ 🎏 👜. + +👥 ⚙️ ❤ (`:`), 🚫 🌓 (`=`). + +& ❎ 🆎 🔑 🛎 🚫 🔀 ⚫️❔ 🔨 ⚪️➡️ ⚫️❔ 🔜 🔨 🍵 👫. + +✋️ 🔜, 🌈 👆 🔄 🖕 🏗 👈 🔢, ✋️ ⏮️ 🆎 🔑. + +🎏 ☝, 👆 🔄 ⏲ 📋 ⏮️ `Ctrl+Space` & 👆 👀: + + + +⏮️ 👈, 👆 💪 📜, 👀 🎛, ⏭ 👆 🔎 1️⃣ 👈 "💍 🔔": + + + +## 🌅 🎯 + +✅ 👉 🔢, ⚫️ ⏪ ✔️ 🆎 🔑: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +↩️ 👨‍🎨 💭 🆎 🔢, 👆 🚫 🕴 🤚 🛠️, 👆 🤚 ❌ ✅: + + + +🔜 👆 💭 👈 👆 ✔️ 🔧 ⚫️, 🗜 `age` 🎻 ⏮️ `str(age)`: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +## 📣 🆎 + +👆 👀 👑 🥉 📣 🆎 🔑. 🔢 🔢. + +👉 👑 🥉 👆 🔜 ⚙️ 👫 ⏮️ **FastAPI**. + +### 🙅 🆎 + +👆 💪 📣 🌐 🐩 🐍 🆎, 🚫 🕴 `str`. + +👆 💪 ⚙️, 🖼: + +* `int` +* `float` +* `bool` +* `bytes` + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +### 💊 🆎 ⏮️ 🆎 🔢 + +📤 📊 📊 👈 💪 🔌 🎏 💲, 💖 `dict`, `list`, `set` & `tuple`. & 🔗 💲 💪 ✔️ 👫 👍 🆎 💁‍♂️. + +👉 🆎 👈 ✔️ 🔗 🆎 🤙 "**💊**" 🆎. & ⚫️ 💪 📣 👫, ⏮️ 👫 🔗 🆎. + +📣 👈 🆎 & 🔗 🆎, 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🐩 🐍 🕹 `typing`. ⚫️ 🔀 🎯 🐕‍🦺 👫 🆎 🔑. + +#### 🆕 ⏬ 🐍 + +❕ ⚙️ `typing` **🔗** ⏮️ 🌐 ⏬, ⚪️➡️ 🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ ⏪ 🕐, ✅ 🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣, 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣, ♒️. + +🐍 🏧, **🆕 ⏬** 👟 ⏮️ 📉 🐕‍🦺 👉 🆎 ✍ & 📚 💼 👆 🏆 🚫 💪 🗄 & ⚙️ `typing` 🕹 📣 🆎 ✍. + +🚥 👆 💪 ⚒ 🌖 ⏮️ ⏬ 🐍 👆 🏗, 👆 🔜 💪 ✊ 📈 👈 ➕ 🦁. 👀 🖼 🔛. + +#### 📇 + +🖼, ➡️ 🔬 🔢 `list` `str`. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ⚪️➡️ `typing`, 🗄 `List` (⏮️ 🔠 `L`): + + ``` Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + + 📣 🔢, ⏮️ 🎏 ❤ (`:`) ❕. + + 🆎, 🚮 `List` 👈 👆 🗄 ⚪️➡️ `typing`. + + 📇 🆎 👈 🔌 🔗 🆎, 👆 🚮 👫 ⬜ 🗜: + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + 📣 🔢, ⏮️ 🎏 ❤ (`:`) ❕. + + 🆎, 🚮 `list`. + + 📇 🆎 👈 🔌 🔗 🆎, 👆 🚮 👫 ⬜ 🗜: + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006_py39.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + 👈 🔗 🆎 ⬜ 🗜 🤙 "🆎 🔢". + + 👉 💼, `str` 🆎 🔢 🚶‍♀️ `List` (⚖️ `list` 🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛). + +👈 ⛓: "🔢 `items` `list`, & 🔠 🏬 👉 📇 `str`". + +!!! tip + 🚥 👆 ⚙️ 🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ ⚖️ 🔛, 👆 🚫 ✔️ 🗄 `List` ⚪️➡️ `typing`, 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🎏 🥔 `list` 🆎 ↩️. + +🔨 👈, 👆 👨‍🎨 💪 🚚 🐕‍🦺 ⏪ 🏭 🏬 ⚪️➡️ 📇: + + + +🍵 🆎, 👈 🌖 💪 🏆. + +👀 👈 🔢 `item` 1️⃣ 🔣 📇 `items`. + +& , 👨‍🎨 💭 ⚫️ `str`, & 🚚 🐕‍🦺 👈. + +#### 🔢 & ⚒ + +👆 🔜 🎏 📣 `tuple`Ⓜ & `set`Ⓜ: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial007.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial007_py39.py!} + ``` + +👉 ⛓: + +* 🔢 `items_t` `tuple` ⏮️ 3️⃣ 🏬, `int`, ➕1️⃣ `int`, & `str`. +* 🔢 `items_s` `set`, & 🔠 🚮 🏬 🆎 `bytes`. + +#### #️⃣ + +🔬 `dict`, 👆 🚶‍♀️ 2️⃣ 🆎 🔢, 🎏 ❕. + +🥇 🆎 🔢 🔑 `dict`. + +🥈 🆎 🔢 💲 `dict`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008_py39.py!} + ``` + +👉 ⛓: + +* 🔢 `prices` `dict`: + * 🔑 👉 `dict` 🆎 `str` (➡️ 💬, 📛 🔠 🏬). + * 💲 👉 `dict` 🆎 `float` (➡️ 💬, 🔖 🔠 🏬). + +#### 🇪🇺 + +👆 💪 📣 👈 🔢 💪 🙆 **📚 🆎**, 🖼, `int` ⚖️ `str`. + +🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛 (✅ 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣) 👆 💪 ⚙️ `Union` 🆎 ⚪️➡️ `typing` & 🚮 🔘 ⬜ 🗜 💪 🆎 🚫. + +🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ 📤 **🎛 ❕** 🌐❔ 👆 💪 🚮 💪 🆎 👽 ⏸ ⏸ (`|`). + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008b.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008b_py310.py!} + ``` + +👯‍♂️ 💼 👉 ⛓ 👈 `item` 💪 `int` ⚖️ `str`. + +#### 🎲 `None` + +👆 💪 📣 👈 💲 💪 ✔️ 🆎, 💖 `str`, ✋️ 👈 ⚫️ 💪 `None`. + +🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛 (✅ 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣) 👆 💪 📣 ⚫️ 🏭 & ⚙️ `Optional` ⚪️➡️ `typing` 🕹. + +```Python hl_lines="1 4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!} +``` + +⚙️ `Optional[str]` ↩️ `str` 🔜 ➡️ 👨‍🎨 ℹ 👆 🔍 ❌ 🌐❔ 👆 💪 🤔 👈 💲 🕧 `str`, 🕐❔ ⚫️ 💪 🤙 `None` 💁‍♂️. + +`Optional[Something]` 🤙 ⌨ `Union[Something, None]`, 👫 🌓. + +👉 ⛓ 👈 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `Something | None`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛 - 🎛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009b.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!} + ``` + +#### ⚙️ `Union` ⚖️ `Optional` + +🚥 👆 ⚙️ 🐍 ⏬ 🔛 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣, 📥 💁‍♂ ⚪️➡️ 👇 📶 **🤔** ☝ 🎑: + +* 👶 ❎ ⚙️ `Optional[SomeType]` +* ↩️ 👶 **⚙️ `Union[SomeType, None]`** 👶. + +👯‍♂️ 🌓 & 🔘 👫 🎏, ✋️ 👤 🔜 👍 `Union` ↩️ `Optional` ↩️ 🔤 "**📦**" 🔜 😑 🔑 👈 💲 📦, & ⚫️ 🤙 ⛓ "⚫️ 💪 `None`", 🚥 ⚫️ 🚫 📦 & ✔. + +👤 💭 `Union[SomeType, None]` 🌖 🔑 🔃 ⚫️❔ ⚫️ ⛓. + +⚫️ 🔃 🔤 & 📛. ✋️ 👈 🔤 💪 📉 ❔ 👆 & 👆 🤽‍♂ 💭 🔃 📟. + +🖼, ➡️ ✊ 👉 🔢: + +```Python hl_lines="1 4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009c.py!} +``` + +🔢 `name` 🔬 `Optional[str]`, ✋️ ⚫️ **🚫 📦**, 👆 🚫🔜 🤙 🔢 🍵 🔢: + +```Python +say_hi() # Oh, no, this throws an error! 😱 +``` + +`name` 🔢 **✔** (🚫 *📦*) ↩️ ⚫️ 🚫 ✔️ 🔢 💲. , `name` 🚫 `None` 💲: + +```Python +say_hi(name=None) # This works, None is valid 🎉 +``` + +👍 📰, 🕐 👆 🔛 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ 👆 🏆 🚫 ✔️ 😟 🔃 👈, 👆 🔜 💪 🎯 ⚙️ `|` 🔬 🇪🇺 🆎: + +```Python hl_lines="1 4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009c_py310.py!} +``` + +& ⤴️ 👆 🏆 🚫 ✔️ 😟 🔃 📛 💖 `Optional` & `Union`. 👶 + +#### 💊 🆎 + +👉 🆎 👈 ✊ 🆎 🔢 ⬜ 🗜 🤙 **💊 🆎** ⚖️ **💊**, 🖼: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + * `List` + * `Tuple` + * `Set` + * `Dict` + * `Union` + * `Optional` + * ...& 🎏. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🎏 💽 🆎 💊 (⏮️ ⬜ 🗜 & 🆎 🔘): + + * `list` + * `tuple` + * `set` + * `dict` + + & 🎏 ⏮️ 🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣, ⚪️➡️ `typing` 🕹: + + * `Union` + * `Optional` + * ...& 🎏. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🎏 💽 🆎 💊 (⏮️ ⬜ 🗜 & 🆎 🔘): + + * `list` + * `tuple` + * `set` + * `dict` + + & 🎏 ⏮️ 🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣, ⚪️➡️ `typing` 🕹: + + * `Union` + * `Optional` (🎏 ⏮️ 🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣) + * ...& 🎏. + + 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣, 🎛 ⚙️ 💊 `Union` & `Optional`, 👆 💪 ⚙️ ⏸ ⏸ (`|`) 📣 🇪🇺 🆎. + +### 🎓 🆎 + +👆 💪 📣 🎓 🆎 🔢. + +➡️ 💬 👆 ✔️ 🎓 `Person`, ⏮️ 📛: + +```Python hl_lines="1-3" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial010.py!} +``` + +⤴️ 👆 💪 📣 🔢 🆎 `Person`: + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial010.py!} +``` + +& ⤴️, 🔄, 👆 🤚 🌐 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺: + + + +## Pydantic 🏷 + +Pydantic 🐍 🗃 🎭 📊 🔬. + +👆 📣 "💠" 💽 🎓 ⏮️ 🔢. + +& 🔠 🔢 ✔️ 🆎. + +⤴️ 👆 ✍ 👐 👈 🎓 ⏮️ 💲 & ⚫️ 🔜 ✔ 💲, 🗜 👫 ☑ 🆎 (🚥 👈 💼) & 🤝 👆 🎚 ⏮️ 🌐 💽. + +& 👆 🤚 🌐 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺 ⏮️ 👈 📉 🎚. + +🖼 ⚪️➡️ 🛂 Pydantic 🩺: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + 💡 🌖 🔃 Pydantic, ✅ 🚮 🩺. + +**FastAPI** 🌐 ⚓️ 🔛 Pydantic. + +👆 🔜 👀 📚 🌅 🌐 👉 💡 [🔰 - 👩‍💻 🦮](tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +!!! tip + Pydantic ✔️ 🎁 🎭 🕐❔ 👆 ⚙️ `Optional` ⚖️ `Union[Something, None]` 🍵 🔢 💲, 👆 💪 ✍ 🌅 🔃 ⚫️ Pydantic 🩺 🔃 ✔ 📦 🏑. + +## 🆎 🔑 **FastAPI** + +**FastAPI** ✊ 📈 👫 🆎 🔑 📚 👜. + +⏮️ **FastAPI** 👆 📣 🔢 ⏮️ 🆎 🔑 & 👆 🤚: + +* **👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺**. +* **🆎 ✅**. + +...and **FastAPI** uses the same declarations : + +* **🔬 📄**: ⚪️➡️ 📨 ➡ 🔢, 🔢 🔢, 🎚, 💪, 🔗, ♒️. +* **🗜 💽**: ⚪️➡️ 📨 🚚 🆎. +* **✔ 💽**: 👟 ⚪️➡️ 🔠 📨: + * 🏭 **🏧 ❌** 📨 👩‍💻 🕐❔ 📊 ❌. +* **📄** 🛠️ ⚙️ 🗄: + * ❔ ⤴️ ⚙️ 🏧 🎓 🧾 👩‍💻 🔢. + +👉 5️⃣📆 🌐 🔊 📝. 🚫 😟. 👆 🔜 👀 🌐 👉 🎯 [🔰 - 👩‍💻 🦮](tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +⚠ 👜 👈 ⚙️ 🐩 🐍 🆎, 👁 🥉 (↩️ ❎ 🌖 🎓, 👨‍🎨, ♒️), **FastAPI** 🔜 📚 👷 👆. + +!!! info + 🚥 👆 ⏪ 🚶 🔘 🌐 🔰 & 👟 🔙 👀 🌅 🔃 🆎, 👍 ℹ "🎮 🎼" ⚪️➡️ `mypy`. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e28ead415 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +# 🖥 📋 + +👆 💪 🔬 🖥 📋 🏃 *⏮️* 🛬 📨. + +👉 ⚠ 🛠️ 👈 💪 🔨 ⏮️ 📨, ✋️ 👈 👩‍💻 🚫 🤙 ✔️ ⌛ 🛠️ 🏁 ⏭ 📨 📨. + +👉 🔌, 🖼: + +* 📧 📨 📨 ⏮️ 🎭 🎯: + * 🔗 📧 💽 & 📨 📧 😑 "🐌" (📚 🥈), 👆 💪 📨 📨 ▶️️ ↖️ & 📨 📧 📨 🖥. +* 🏭 💽: + * 🖼, ➡️ 💬 👆 📨 📁 👈 🔜 🚶 🔘 🐌 🛠️, 👆 💪 📨 📨 "🚫" (🇺🇸🔍 2️⃣0️⃣2️⃣) & 🛠️ ⚫️ 🖥. + +## ⚙️ `BackgroundTasks` + +🥇, 🗄 `BackgroundTasks` & 🔬 🔢 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* ⏮️ 🆎 📄 `BackgroundTasks`: + +```Python hl_lines="1 13" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +**FastAPI** 🔜 ✍ 🎚 🆎 `BackgroundTasks` 👆 & 🚶‍♀️ ⚫️ 👈 🔢. + +## ✍ 📋 🔢 + +✍ 🔢 🏃 🖥 📋. + +⚫️ 🐩 🔢 👈 💪 📨 🔢. + +⚫️ 💪 `async def` ⚖️ 😐 `def` 🔢, **FastAPI** 🔜 💭 ❔ 🍵 ⚫️ ☑. + +👉 💼, 📋 🔢 🔜 ✍ 📁 (⚖ 📨 📧). + +& ✍ 🛠️ 🚫 ⚙️ `async` & `await`, 👥 🔬 🔢 ⏮️ 😐 `def`: + +```Python hl_lines="6-9" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## 🚮 🖥 📋 + +🔘 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, 🚶‍♀️ 👆 📋 🔢 *🖥 📋* 🎚 ⏮️ 👩‍🔬 `.add_task()`: + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`.add_task()` 📨 ❌: + +* 📋 🔢 🏃 🖥 (`write_notification`). +* 🙆 🔁 ❌ 👈 🔜 🚶‍♀️ 📋 🔢 ✔ (`email`). +* 🙆 🇨🇻 ❌ 👈 🔜 🚶‍♀️ 📋 🔢 (`message="some notification"`). + +## 🔗 💉 + +⚙️ `BackgroundTasks` 👷 ⏮️ 🔗 💉 ⚙️, 👆 💪 📣 🔢 🆎 `BackgroundTasks` 💗 🎚: *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, 🔗 (☑), 🎧-🔗, ♒️. + +**FastAPI** 💭 ⚫️❔ 🔠 💼 & ❔ 🏤-⚙️ 🎏 🎚, 👈 🌐 🖥 📋 🔗 👯‍♂️ & 🏃 🖥 ⏮️: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="13 15 22 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="11 13 20 23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +👉 🖼, 📧 🔜 ✍ `log.txt` 📁 *⏮️* 📨 📨. + +🚥 📤 🔢 📨, ⚫️ 🔜 ✍ 🕹 🖥 📋. + +& ⤴️ ➕1️⃣ 🖥 📋 🏗 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 🔜 ✍ 📧 ⚙️ `email` ➡ 🔢. + +## 📡 ℹ + +🎓 `BackgroundTasks` 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ `starlette.background`. + +⚫️ 🗄/🔌 🔗 🔘 FastAPI 👈 👆 💪 🗄 ⚫️ ⚪️➡️ `fastapi` & ❎ 😫 🗄 🎛 `BackgroundTask` (🍵 `s` 🔚) ⚪️➡️ `starlette.background`. + +🕴 ⚙️ `BackgroundTasks` (& 🚫 `BackgroundTask`), ⚫️ ⤴️ 💪 ⚙️ ⚫️ *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 🔢 & ✔️ **FastAPI** 🍵 🎂 👆, 💖 🕐❔ ⚙️ `Request` 🎚 🔗. + +⚫️ 💪 ⚙️ `BackgroundTask` 😞 FastAPI, ✋️ 👆 ✔️ ✍ 🎚 👆 📟 & 📨 💃 `Response` 🔌 ⚫️. + +👆 💪 👀 🌖 ℹ 💃 🛂 🩺 🖥 📋. + +## ⚠ + +🚥 👆 💪 🎭 🏋️ 🖥 📊 & 👆 🚫 🎯 💪 ⚫️ 🏃 🎏 🛠️ (🖼, 👆 🚫 💪 💰 💾, 🔢, ♒️), 👆 💪 💰 ⚪️➡️ ⚙️ 🎏 🦏 🧰 💖 🥒. + +👫 😑 🚚 🌖 🏗 📳, 📧/👨‍🏭 📤 👨‍💼, 💖 ✳ ⚖️ ✳, ✋️ 👫 ✔ 👆 🏃 🖥 📋 💗 🛠️, & ✴️, 💗 💽. + +👀 🖼, ✅ [🏗 🚂](../project-generation.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, 👫 🌐 🔌 🥒 ⏪ 📶. + +✋️ 🚥 👆 💪 🔐 🔢 & 🎚 ⚪️➡️ 🎏 **FastAPI** 📱, ⚖️ 👆 💪 🎭 🤪 🖥 📋 (💖 📨 📧 📨), 👆 💪 🎯 ⚙️ `BackgroundTasks`. + +## 🌃 + +🗄 & ⚙️ `BackgroundTasks` ⏮️ 🔢 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* & 🔗 🚮 🖥 📋. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/bigger-applications.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/bigger-applications.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c30bba106 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/bigger-applications.md @@ -0,0 +1,488 @@ +# 🦏 🈸 - 💗 📁 + +🚥 👆 🏗 🈸 ⚖️ 🕸 🛠️, ⚫️ 🛎 💼 👈 👆 💪 🚮 🌐 🔛 👁 📁. + +**FastAPI** 🚚 🏪 🧰 📊 👆 🈸 ⏪ 🚧 🌐 💪. + +!!! info + 🚥 👆 👟 ⚪️➡️ 🏺, 👉 🔜 🌓 🏺 📗. + +## 🖼 📁 📊 + +➡️ 💬 👆 ✔️ 📁 📊 💖 👉: + +``` +. +├── app +│   ├── __init__.py +│   ├── main.py +│   ├── dependencies.py +│   └── routers +│   │ ├── __init__.py +│   │ ├── items.py +│   │ └── users.py +│   └── internal +│   ├── __init__.py +│   └── admin.py +``` + +!!! tip + 📤 📚 `__init__.py` 📁: 1️⃣ 🔠 📁 ⚖️ 📁. + + 👉 ⚫️❔ ✔ 🏭 📟 ⚪️➡️ 1️⃣ 📁 🔘 ➕1️⃣. + + 🖼, `app/main.py` 👆 💪 ✔️ ⏸ 💖: + + ``` + from app.routers import items + ``` + +* `app` 📁 🔌 🌐. & ⚫️ ✔️ 🛁 📁 `app/__init__.py`, ⚫️ "🐍 📦" (🗃 "🐍 🕹"): `app`. +* ⚫️ 🔌 `app/main.py` 📁. ⚫️ 🔘 🐍 📦 (📁 ⏮️ 📁 `__init__.py`), ⚫️ "🕹" 👈 📦: `app.main`. +* 📤 `app/dependencies.py` 📁, 💖 `app/main.py`, ⚫️ "🕹": `app.dependencies`. +* 📤 📁 `app/routers/` ⏮️ ➕1️⃣ 📁 `__init__.py`, ⚫️ "🐍 📦": `app.routers`. +* 📁 `app/routers/items.py` 🔘 📦, `app/routers/`,, ⚫️ 🔁: `app.routers.items`. +* 🎏 ⏮️ `app/routers/users.py`, ⚫️ ➕1️⃣ 🔁: `app.routers.users`. +* 📤 📁 `app/internal/` ⏮️ ➕1️⃣ 📁 `__init__.py`, ⚫️ ➕1️⃣ "🐍 📦": `app.internal`. +* & 📁 `app/internal/admin.py` ➕1️⃣ 🔁: `app.internal.admin`. + + + +🎏 📁 📊 ⏮️ 🏤: + +``` +. +├── app # "app" is a Python package +│   ├── __init__.py # this file makes "app" a "Python package" +│   ├── main.py # "main" module, e.g. import app.main +│   ├── dependencies.py # "dependencies" module, e.g. import app.dependencies +│   └── routers # "routers" is a "Python subpackage" +│   │ ├── __init__.py # makes "routers" a "Python subpackage" +│   │ ├── items.py # "items" submodule, e.g. import app.routers.items +│   │ └── users.py # "users" submodule, e.g. import app.routers.users +│   └── internal # "internal" is a "Python subpackage" +│   ├── __init__.py # makes "internal" a "Python subpackage" +│   └── admin.py # "admin" submodule, e.g. import app.internal.admin +``` + +## `APIRouter` + +➡️ 💬 📁 💡 🚚 👩‍💻 🔁 `/app/routers/users.py`. + +👆 💚 ✔️ *➡ 🛠️* 🔗 👆 👩‍💻 👽 ⚪️➡️ 🎂 📟, 🚧 ⚫️ 🏗. + +✋️ ⚫️ 🍕 🎏 **FastAPI** 🈸/🕸 🛠️ (⚫️ 🍕 🎏 "🐍 📦"). + +👆 💪 ✍ *➡ 🛠️* 👈 🕹 ⚙️ `APIRouter`. + +### 🗄 `APIRouter` + +👆 🗄 ⚫️ & ✍ "👐" 🎏 🌌 👆 🔜 ⏮️ 🎓 `FastAPI`: + +```Python hl_lines="1 3" title="app/routers/users.py" +{!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/routers/users.py!} +``` + +### *➡ 🛠️* ⏮️ `APIRouter` + +& ⤴️ 👆 ⚙️ ⚫️ 📣 👆 *➡ 🛠️*. + +⚙️ ⚫️ 🎏 🌌 👆 🔜 ⚙️ `FastAPI` 🎓: + +```Python hl_lines="6 11 16" title="app/routers/users.py" +{!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/routers/users.py!} +``` + +👆 💪 💭 `APIRouter` "🐩 `FastAPI`" 🎓. + +🌐 🎏 🎛 🐕‍🦺. + +🌐 🎏 `parameters`, `responses`, `dependencies`, `tags`, ♒️. + +!!! tip + 👉 🖼, 🔢 🤙 `router`, ✋️ 👆 💪 📛 ⚫️ 👐 👆 💚. + +👥 🔜 🔌 👉 `APIRouter` 👑 `FastAPI` 📱, ✋️ 🥇, ➡️ ✅ 🔗 & ➕1️⃣ `APIRouter`. + +## 🔗 + +👥 👀 👈 👥 🔜 💪 🔗 ⚙️ 📚 🥉 🈸. + +👥 🚮 👫 👫 👍 `dependencies` 🕹 (`app/dependencies.py`). + +👥 🔜 🔜 ⚙️ 🙅 🔗 ✍ 🛃 `X-Token` 🎚: + +```Python hl_lines="1 4-6" title="app/dependencies.py" +{!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/dependencies.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 👥 ⚙️ 💭 🎚 📉 👉 🖼. + + ✋️ 🎰 💼 👆 🔜 🤚 👍 🏁 ⚙️ 🛠️ [💂‍♂ 🚙](./security/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## ➕1️⃣ 🕹 ⏮️ `APIRouter` + +➡️ 💬 👆 ✔️ 🔗 💡 🚚 "🏬" ⚪️➡️ 👆 🈸 🕹 `app/routers/items.py`. + +👆 ✔️ *➡ 🛠️* : + +* `/items/` +* `/items/{item_id}` + +⚫️ 🌐 🎏 📊 ⏮️ `app/routers/users.py`. + +✋️ 👥 💚 🙃 & 📉 📟 🍖. + +👥 💭 🌐 *➡ 🛠️* 👉 🕹 ✔️ 🎏: + +* ➡ `prefix`: `/items`. +* `tags`: (1️⃣ 🔖: `items`). +* ➕ `responses`. +* `dependencies`: 👫 🌐 💪 👈 `X-Token` 🔗 👥 ✍. + +, ↩️ ❎ 🌐 👈 🔠 *➡ 🛠️*, 👥 💪 🚮 ⚫️ `APIRouter`. + +```Python hl_lines="5-10 16 21" title="app/routers/items.py" +{!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/routers/items.py!} +``` + +➡ 🔠 *➡ 🛠️* ✔️ ▶️ ⏮️ `/`, 💖: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +@router.get("/{item_id}") +async def read_item(item_id: str): + ... +``` + +...🔡 🔜 🚫 🔌 🏁 `/`. + +, 🔡 👉 💼 `/items`. + +👥 💪 🚮 📇 `tags` & ➕ `responses` 👈 🔜 ✔ 🌐 *➡ 🛠️* 🔌 👉 📻. + +& 👥 💪 🚮 📇 `dependencies` 👈 🔜 🚮 🌐 *➡ 🛠️* 📻 & 🔜 🛠️/❎ 🔠 📨 ⚒ 👫. + +!!! tip + 🗒 👈, 🌅 💖 [🔗 *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨*](dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, 🙅‍♂ 💲 🔜 🚶‍♀️ 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*. + +🔚 🏁 👈 🏬 ➡ 🔜: + +* `/items/` +* `/items/{item_id}` + +...👥 🎯. + +* 👫 🔜 ™ ⏮️ 📇 🔖 👈 🔌 👁 🎻 `"items"`. + * 👫 "🔖" ✴️ ⚠ 🏧 🎓 🧾 ⚙️ (⚙️ 🗄). +* 🌐 👫 🔜 🔌 🔁 `responses`. +* 🌐 👫 *➡ 🛠️* 🔜 ✔️ 📇 `dependencies` 🔬/🛠️ ⏭ 👫. + * 🚥 👆 📣 🔗 🎯 *➡ 🛠️*, **👫 🔜 🛠️ 💁‍♂️**. + * 📻 🔗 🛠️ 🥇, ⤴️ [`dependencies` 👨‍🎨](dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, & ⤴️ 😐 🔢 🔗. + * 👆 💪 🚮 [`Security` 🔗 ⏮️ `scopes`](../advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +!!! tip + ✔️ `dependencies` `APIRouter` 💪 ⚙️, 🖼, 🚚 🤝 🎂 👪 *➡ 🛠️*. 🚥 🔗 🚫 🚮 📦 🔠 1️⃣ 👫. + +!!! check + `prefix`, `tags`, `responses`, & `dependencies` 🔢 (📚 🎏 💼) ⚒ ⚪️➡️ **FastAPI** ℹ 👆 ❎ 📟 ❎. + +### 🗄 🔗 + +👉 📟 👨‍❤‍👨 🕹 `app.routers.items`, 📁 `app/routers/items.py`. + +& 👥 💪 🤚 🔗 🔢 ⚪️➡️ 🕹 `app.dependencies`, 📁 `app/dependencies.py`. + +👥 ⚙️ ⚖ 🗄 ⏮️ `..` 🔗: + +```Python hl_lines="3" title="app/routers/items.py" +{!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/routers/items.py!} +``` + +#### ❔ ⚖ 🗄 👷 + +!!! tip + 🚥 👆 💭 👌 ❔ 🗄 👷, 😣 ⏭ 📄 🔛. + +👁 ❣ `.`, 💖: + +```Python +from .dependencies import get_token_header +``` + +🔜 ⛓: + +* ▶️ 🎏 📦 👈 👉 🕹 (📁 `app/routers/items.py`) 🖖 (📁 `app/routers/`)... +* 🔎 🕹 `dependencies` (👽 📁 `app/routers/dependencies.py`)... +* & ⚪️➡️ ⚫️, 🗄 🔢 `get_token_header`. + +✋️ 👈 📁 🚫 🔀, 👆 🔗 📁 `app/dependencies.py`. + +💭 ❔ 👆 📱/📁 📊 👀 💖: + + + +--- + +2️⃣ ❣ `..`, 💖: + +```Python +from ..dependencies import get_token_header +``` + +⛓: + +* ▶️ 🎏 📦 👈 👉 🕹 (📁 `app/routers/items.py`) 🖖 (📁 `app/routers/`)... +* 🚶 👪 📦 (📁 `app/`)... +* & 📤, 🔎 🕹 `dependencies` (📁 `app/dependencies.py`)... +* & ⚪️➡️ ⚫️, 🗄 🔢 `get_token_header`. + +👈 👷 ☑ ❗ 👶 + +--- + +🎏 🌌, 🚥 👥 ✔️ ⚙️ 3️⃣ ❣ `...`, 💖: + +```Python +from ...dependencies import get_token_header +``` + +that 🔜 ⛓: + +* ▶️ 🎏 📦 👈 👉 🕹 (📁 `app/routers/items.py`) 🖖 (📁 `app/routers/`)... +* 🚶 👪 📦 (📁 `app/`)... +* ⤴️ 🚶 👪 👈 📦 (📤 🙅‍♂ 👪 📦, `app` 🔝 🎚 👶)... +* & 📤, 🔎 🕹 `dependencies` (📁 `app/dependencies.py`)... +* & ⚪️➡️ ⚫️, 🗄 🔢 `get_token_header`. + +👈 🔜 🔗 📦 🔛 `app/`, ⏮️ 🚮 👍 📁 `__init__.py`, ♒️. ✋️ 👥 🚫 ✔️ 👈. , 👈 🔜 🚮 ❌ 👆 🖼. 👶 + +✋️ 🔜 👆 💭 ❔ ⚫️ 👷, 👆 💪 ⚙️ ⚖ 🗄 👆 👍 📱 🙅‍♂ 🤔 ❔ 🏗 👫. 👶 + +### 🚮 🛃 `tags`, `responses`, & `dependencies` + +👥 🚫 ❎ 🔡 `/items` 🚫 `tags=["items"]` 🔠 *➡ 🛠️* ↩️ 👥 🚮 👫 `APIRouter`. + +✋️ 👥 💪 🚮 _🌅_ `tags` 👈 🔜 ✔ 🎯 *➡ 🛠️*, & ➕ `responses` 🎯 👈 *➡ 🛠️*: + +```Python hl_lines="30-31" title="app/routers/items.py" +{!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/routers/items.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 👉 🏁 ➡ 🛠️ 🔜 ✔️ 🌀 🔖: `["items", "custom"]`. + + & ⚫️ 🔜 ✔️ 👯‍♂️ 📨 🧾, 1️⃣ `404` & 1️⃣ `403`. + +## 👑 `FastAPI` + +🔜, ➡️ 👀 🕹 `app/main.py`. + +📥 🌐❔ 👆 🗄 & ⚙️ 🎓 `FastAPI`. + +👉 🔜 👑 📁 👆 🈸 👈 👔 🌐 👯‍♂️. + +& 🏆 👆 ⚛ 🔜 🔜 🖖 🚮 👍 🎯 🕹, 👑 📁 🔜 🙅. + +### 🗄 `FastAPI` + +👆 🗄 & ✍ `FastAPI` 🎓 🛎. + +& 👥 💪 📣 [🌐 🔗](dependencies/global-dependencies.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 👈 🔜 🌀 ⏮️ 🔗 🔠 `APIRouter`: + +```Python hl_lines="1 3 7" title="app/main.py" +{!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!} +``` + +### 🗄 `APIRouter` + +🔜 👥 🗄 🎏 🔁 👈 ✔️ `APIRouter`Ⓜ: + +```Python hl_lines="5" title="app/main.py" +{!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!} +``` + +📁 `app/routers/users.py` & `app/routers/items.py` 🔁 👈 🍕 🎏 🐍 📦 `app`, 👥 💪 ⚙️ 👁 ❣ `.` 🗄 👫 ⚙️ "⚖ 🗄". + +### ❔ 🏭 👷 + +📄: + +```Python +from .routers import items, users +``` + +⛓: + +* ▶️ 🎏 📦 👈 👉 🕹 (📁 `app/main.py`) 🖖 (📁 `app/`)... +* 👀 📦 `routers` (📁 `app/routers/`)... +* & ⚪️➡️ ⚫️, 🗄 🔁 `items` (📁 `app/routers/items.py`) & `users` (📁 `app/routers/users.py`)... + +🕹 `items` 🔜 ✔️ 🔢 `router` (`items.router`). 👉 🎏 1️⃣ 👥 ✍ 📁 `app/routers/items.py`, ⚫️ `APIRouter` 🎚. + +& ⤴️ 👥 🎏 🕹 `users`. + +👥 💪 🗄 👫 💖: + +```Python +from app.routers import items, users +``` + +!!! info + 🥇 ⏬ "⚖ 🗄": + + ```Python + from .routers import items, users + ``` + + 🥈 ⏬ "🎆 🗄": + + ```Python + from app.routers import items, users + ``` + + 💡 🌅 🔃 🐍 📦 & 🕹, ✍ 🛂 🐍 🧾 🔃 🕹. + +### ❎ 📛 💥 + +👥 🏭 🔁 `items` 🔗, ↩️ 🏭 🚮 🔢 `router`. + +👉 ↩️ 👥 ✔️ ➕1️⃣ 🔢 📛 `router` 🔁 `users`. + +🚥 👥 ✔️ 🗄 1️⃣ ⏮️ 🎏, 💖: + +```Python +from .routers.items import router +from .routers.users import router +``` + +`router` ⚪️➡️ `users` 🔜 📁 1️⃣ ⚪️➡️ `items` & 👥 🚫🔜 💪 ⚙️ 👫 🎏 🕰. + +, 💪 ⚙️ 👯‍♂️ 👫 🎏 📁, 👥 🗄 🔁 🔗: + +```Python hl_lines="5" title="app/main.py" +{!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!} +``` + +### 🔌 `APIRouter`Ⓜ `users` & `items` + +🔜, ➡️ 🔌 `router`Ⓜ ⚪️➡️ 🔁 `users` & `items`: + +```Python hl_lines="10-11" title="app/main.py" +{!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!} +``` + +!!! info + `users.router` 🔌 `APIRouter` 🔘 📁 `app/routers/users.py`. + + & `items.router` 🔌 `APIRouter` 🔘 📁 `app/routers/items.py`. + +⏮️ `app.include_router()` 👥 💪 🚮 🔠 `APIRouter` 👑 `FastAPI` 🈸. + +⚫️ 🔜 🔌 🌐 🛣 ⚪️➡️ 👈 📻 🍕 ⚫️. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + ⚫️ 🔜 🤙 🔘 ✍ *➡ 🛠️* 🔠 *➡ 🛠️* 👈 📣 `APIRouter`. + + , ⛅ 🎑, ⚫️ 🔜 🤙 👷 🚥 🌐 🎏 👁 📱. + +!!! check + 👆 🚫 ✔️ 😟 🔃 🎭 🕐❔ ✅ 📻. + + 👉 🔜 ✊ ⏲ & 🔜 🕴 🔨 🕴. + + ⚫️ 🏆 🚫 📉 🎭. 👶 + +### 🔌 `APIRouter` ⏮️ 🛃 `prefix`, `tags`, `responses`, & `dependencies` + +🔜, ➡️ 🌈 👆 🏢 🤝 👆 `app/internal/admin.py` 📁. + +⚫️ 🔌 `APIRouter` ⏮️ 📡 *➡ 🛠️* 👈 👆 🏢 💰 🖖 📚 🏗. + +👉 🖼 ⚫️ 🔜 💎 🙅. ✋️ ➡️ 💬 👈 ↩️ ⚫️ 💰 ⏮️ 🎏 🏗 🏢, 👥 🚫🔜 🔀 ⚫️ & 🚮 `prefix`, `dependencies`, `tags`, ♒️. 🔗 `APIRouter`: + +```Python hl_lines="3" title="app/internal/admin.py" +{!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/internal/admin.py!} +``` + +✋️ 👥 💚 ⚒ 🛃 `prefix` 🕐❔ ✅ `APIRouter` 👈 🌐 🚮 *➡ 🛠️* ▶️ ⏮️ `/admin`, 👥 💚 🔐 ⚫️ ⏮️ `dependencies` 👥 ⏪ ✔️ 👉 🏗, & 👥 💚 🔌 `tags` & `responses`. + +👥 💪 📣 🌐 👈 🍵 ✔️ 🔀 ⏮️ `APIRouter` 🚶‍♀️ 👈 🔢 `app.include_router()`: + +```Python hl_lines="14-17" title="app/main.py" +{!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!} +``` + +👈 🌌, ⏮️ `APIRouter` 🔜 🚧 ⚗, 👥 💪 💰 👈 🎏 `app/internal/admin.py` 📁 ⏮️ 🎏 🏗 🏢. + +🏁 👈 👆 📱, 🔠 *➡ 🛠️* ⚪️➡️ `admin` 🕹 🔜 ✔️: + +* 🔡 `/admin`. +* 🔖 `admin`. +* 🔗 `get_token_header`. +* 📨 `418`. 👶 + +✋️ 👈 🔜 🕴 📉 👈 `APIRouter` 👆 📱, 🚫 🙆 🎏 📟 👈 ⚙️ ⚫️. + +, 🖼, 🎏 🏗 💪 ⚙️ 🎏 `APIRouter` ⏮️ 🎏 🤝 👩‍🔬. + +### 🔌 *➡ 🛠️* + +👥 💪 🚮 *➡ 🛠️* 🔗 `FastAPI` 📱. + +📥 👥 ⚫️... 🎦 👈 👥 💪 🤷: + +```Python hl_lines="21-23" title="app/main.py" +{!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!} +``` + +& ⚫️ 🔜 👷 ☑, 👯‍♂️ ⏮️ 🌐 🎏 *➡ 🛠️* 🚮 ⏮️ `app.include_router()`. + +!!! info "📶 📡 ℹ" + **🗒**: 👉 📶 📡 ℹ 👈 👆 🎲 💪 **🚶**. + + --- + + `APIRouter`Ⓜ 🚫 "🗻", 👫 🚫 👽 ⚪️➡️ 🎂 🈸. + + 👉 ↩️ 👥 💚 🔌 👫 *➡ 🛠️* 🗄 🔗 & 👩‍💻 🔢. + + 👥 🚫🔜 ❎ 👫 & "🗻" 👫 ➡ 🎂, *➡ 🛠️* "🖖" (🏤-✍), 🚫 🔌 🔗. + +## ✅ 🏧 🛠️ 🩺 + +🔜, 🏃 `uvicorn`, ⚙️ 🕹 `app.main` & 🔢 `app`: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn app.main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +& 📂 🩺 http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +👆 🔜 👀 🏧 🛠️ 🩺, ✅ ➡ ⚪️➡️ 🌐 🔁, ⚙️ ☑ ➡ (& 🔡) & ☑ 🔖: + + + +## 🔌 🎏 📻 💗 🕰 ⏮️ 🎏 `prefix` + +👆 💪 ⚙️ `.include_router()` 💗 🕰 ⏮️ *🎏* 📻 ⚙️ 🎏 🔡. + +👉 💪 ⚠, 🖼, 🎦 🎏 🛠️ 🔽 🎏 🔡, ✅ `/api/v1` & `/api/latest`. + +👉 🏧 ⚙️ 👈 👆 5️⃣📆 🚫 🤙 💪, ✋️ ⚫️ 📤 💼 👆. + +## 🔌 `APIRouter` ➕1️⃣ + +🎏 🌌 👆 💪 🔌 `APIRouter` `FastAPI` 🈸, 👆 💪 🔌 `APIRouter` ➕1️⃣ `APIRouter` ⚙️: + +```Python +router.include_router(other_router) +``` + +⚒ 💭 👆 ⚫️ ⏭ 🔌 `router` `FastAPI` 📱, 👈 *➡ 🛠️* ⚪️➡️ `other_router` 🔌. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f2c914f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +# 💪 - 🏑 + +🎏 🌌 👆 💪 📣 🌖 🔬 & 🗃 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 🔢 ⏮️ `Query`, `Path` & `Body`, 👆 💪 📣 🔬 & 🗃 🔘 Pydantic 🏷 ⚙️ Pydantic `Field`. + +## 🗄 `Field` + +🥇, 👆 ✔️ 🗄 ⚫️: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="2" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! warning + 👀 👈 `Field` 🗄 🔗 ⚪️➡️ `pydantic`, 🚫 ⚪️➡️ `fastapi` 🌐 🎂 (`Query`, `Path`, `Body`, ♒️). + +## 📣 🏷 🔢 + +👆 💪 ⤴️ ⚙️ `Field` ⏮️ 🏷 🔢: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="11-14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +`Field` 👷 🎏 🌌 `Query`, `Path` & `Body`, ⚫️ ✔️ 🌐 🎏 🔢, ♒️. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 🤙, `Query`, `Path` & 🎏 👆 🔜 👀 ⏭ ✍ 🎚 🏿 ⚠ `Param` 🎓, ❔ ⚫️ 🏿 Pydantic `FieldInfo` 🎓. + + & Pydantic `Field` 📨 👐 `FieldInfo` 👍. + + `Body` 📨 🎚 🏿 `FieldInfo` 🔗. & 📤 🎏 👆 🔜 👀 ⏪ 👈 🏿 `Body` 🎓. + + 💭 👈 🕐❔ 👆 🗄 `Query`, `Path`, & 🎏 ⚪️➡️ `fastapi`, 👈 🤙 🔢 👈 📨 🎁 🎓. + +!!! tip + 👀 ❔ 🔠 🏷 🔢 ⏮️ 🆎, 🔢 💲 & `Field` ✔️ 🎏 📊 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 🔢, ⏮️ `Field` ↩️ `Path`, `Query` & `Body`. + +## 🚮 ➕ ℹ + +👆 💪 📣 ➕ ℹ `Field`, `Query`, `Body`, ♒️. & ⚫️ 🔜 🔌 🏗 🎻 🔗. + +👆 🔜 💡 🌅 🔃 ❎ ➕ ℹ ⏪ 🩺, 🕐❔ 🏫 📣 🖼. + +!!! warning + ➕ 🔑 🚶‍♀️ `Field` 🔜 🎁 📉 🗄 🔗 👆 🈸. + 👫 🔑 5️⃣📆 🚫 🎯 🍕 🗄 🔧, 🗄 🧰, 🖼 [🗄 💳](https://validator.swagger.io/), 5️⃣📆 🚫 👷 ⏮️ 👆 🏗 🔗. + +## 🌃 + +👆 💪 ⚙️ Pydantic `Field` 📣 ➕ 🔬 & 🗃 🏷 🔢. + +👆 💪 ⚙️ ➕ 🇨🇻 ❌ 🚶‍♀️ 🌖 🎻 🔗 🗃. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ada7dee1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,213 @@ +# 💪 - 💗 🔢 + +🔜 👈 👥 ✔️ 👀 ❔ ⚙️ `Path` & `Query`, ➡️ 👀 🌅 🏧 ⚙️ 📨 💪 📄. + +## 🌀 `Path`, `Query` & 💪 🔢 + +🥇, ↗️, 👆 💪 🌀 `Path`, `Query` & 📨 💪 🔢 📄 ➡ & **FastAPI** 🔜 💭 ⚫️❔. + +& 👆 💪 📣 💪 🔢 📦, ⚒ 🔢 `None`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="19-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="17-19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! note + 👀 👈, 👉 💼, `item` 👈 🔜 ✊ ⚪️➡️ 💪 📦. ⚫️ ✔️ `None` 🔢 💲. + +## 💗 💪 🔢 + +⏮️ 🖼, *➡ 🛠️* 🔜 ⌛ 🎻 💪 ⏮️ 🔢 `Item`, 💖: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 +} +``` + +✋️ 👆 💪 📣 💗 💪 🔢, ✅ `item` & `user`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +👉 💼, **FastAPI** 🔜 👀 👈 📤 🌅 🌘 1️⃣ 💪 🔢 🔢 (2️⃣ 🔢 👈 Pydantic 🏷). + +, ⚫️ 🔜 ⤴️ ⚙️ 🔢 📛 🔑 (🏑 📛) 💪, & ⌛ 💪 💖: + +```JSON +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + }, + "user": { + "username": "dave", + "full_name": "Dave Grohl" + } +} +``` + +!!! note + 👀 👈 ✋️ `item` 📣 🎏 🌌 ⏭, ⚫️ 🔜 ⌛ 🔘 💪 ⏮️ 🔑 `item`. + + +**FastAPI** 🔜 🏧 🛠️ ⚪️➡️ 📨, 👈 🔢 `item` 📨 ⚫️ 🎯 🎚 & 🎏 `user`. + +⚫️ 🔜 🎭 🔬 ⚗ 💽, & 🔜 📄 ⚫️ 💖 👈 🗄 🔗 & 🏧 🩺. + +## ⭐ 💲 💪 + +🎏 🌌 📤 `Query` & `Path` 🔬 ➕ 💽 🔢 & ➡ 🔢, **FastAPI** 🚚 🌓 `Body`. + +🖼, ↔ ⏮️ 🏷, 👆 💪 💭 👈 👆 💚 ✔️ ➕1️⃣ 🔑 `importance` 🎏 💪, 🥈 `item` & `user`. + +🚥 👆 📣 ⚫️, ↩️ ⚫️ ⭐ 💲, **FastAPI** 🔜 🤔 👈 ⚫️ 🔢 🔢. + +✋️ 👆 💪 💡 **FastAPI** 😥 ⚫️ ➕1️⃣ 💪 🔑 ⚙️ `Body`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +👉 💼, **FastAPI** 🔜 ⌛ 💪 💖: + +```JSON +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + }, + "user": { + "username": "dave", + "full_name": "Dave Grohl" + }, + "importance": 5 +} +``` + +🔄, ⚫️ 🔜 🗜 📊 🆎, ✔, 📄, ♒️. + +## 💗 💪 = & 🔢 + +↗️, 👆 💪 📣 🌖 🔢 🔢 🕐❔ 👆 💪, 🌖 🙆 💪 🔢. + +, 🔢, ⭐ 💲 🔬 🔢 🔢, 👆 🚫 ✔️ 🎯 🚮 `Query`, 👆 💪: + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = None +``` + +⚖️ 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛: + +```Python +q: str | None = None +``` + +🖼: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="26" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + `Body` ✔️ 🌐 🎏 ➕ 🔬 & 🗃 🔢 `Query`,`Path` & 🎏 👆 🔜 👀 ⏪. + +## ⏯ 👁 💪 🔢 + +➡️ 💬 👆 🕴 ✔️ 👁 `item` 💪 🔢 ⚪️➡️ Pydantic 🏷 `Item`. + +🔢, **FastAPI** 🔜 ⤴️ ⌛ 🚮 💪 🔗. + +✋️ 🚥 👆 💚 ⚫️ ⌛ 🎻 ⏮️ 🔑 `item` & 🔘 ⚫️ 🏷 🎚, ⚫️ 🔨 🕐❔ 👆 📣 ➕ 💪 🔢, 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🎁 `Body` 🔢 `embed`: + +```Python +item: Item = Body(embed=True) +``` + +: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +👉 💼 **FastAPI** 🔜 ⌛ 💪 💖: + +```JSON hl_lines="2" +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + } +} +``` + +↩️: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 +} +``` + +## 🌃 + +👆 💪 🚮 💗 💪 🔢 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, ✋️ 📨 💪 🕴 ✔️ 👁 💪. + +✋️ **FastAPI** 🔜 🍵 ⚫️, 🤝 👆 ☑ 📊 👆 🔢, & ✔ & 📄 ☑ 🔗 *➡ 🛠️*. + +👆 💪 📣 ⭐ 💲 📨 🍕 💪. + +& 👆 💪 💡 **FastAPI** ⏯ 💪 🔑 🕐❔ 📤 🕴 👁 🔢 📣. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4bd50f5c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md @@ -0,0 +1,382 @@ +# 💪 - 🔁 🏷 + +⏮️ **FastAPI**, 👆 💪 🔬, ✔, 📄, & ⚙️ 🎲 🙇 🐦 🏷 (👏 Pydantic). + +## 📇 🏑 + +👆 💪 🔬 🔢 🏾. 🖼, 🐍 `list`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +👉 🔜 ⚒ `tags` 📇, 👐 ⚫️ 🚫 📣 🆎 🔣 📇. + +## 📇 🏑 ⏮️ 🆎 🔢 + +✋️ 🐍 ✔️ 🎯 🌌 📣 📇 ⏮️ 🔗 🆎, ⚖️ "🆎 🔢": + +### 🗄 ⌨ `List` + +🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🐩 `list` 📣 👫 🆎 ✍ 👥 🔜 👀 🔛. 👶 + +✋️ 🐍 ⏬ ⏭ 3️⃣.9️⃣ (3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛), 👆 🥇 💪 🗄 `List` ⚪️➡️ 🐩 🐍 `typing` 🕹: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +### 📣 `list` ⏮️ 🆎 🔢 + +📣 🆎 👈 ✔️ 🆎 🔢 (🔗 🆎), 💖 `list`, `dict`, `tuple`: + +* 🚥 👆 🐍 ⏬ 🔅 🌘 3️⃣.9️⃣, 🗄 👫 🌓 ⏬ ⚪️➡️ `typing` 🕹 +* 🚶‍♀️ 🔗 🆎(Ⓜ) "🆎 🔢" ⚙️ ⬜ 🗜: `[` & `]` + +🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ ⚫️ 🔜: + +```Python +my_list: list[str] +``` + +⏬ 🐍 ⏭ 3️⃣.9️⃣, ⚫️ 🔜: + +```Python +from typing import List + +my_list: List[str] +``` + +👈 🌐 🐩 🐍 ❕ 🆎 📄. + +⚙️ 👈 🎏 🐩 ❕ 🏷 🔢 ⏮️ 🔗 🆎. + +, 👆 🖼, 👥 💪 ⚒ `tags` 🎯 "📇 🎻": + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +## ⚒ 🆎 + +✋️ ⤴️ 👥 💭 🔃 ⚫️, & 🤔 👈 🔖 🚫🔜 🚫 🔁, 👫 🔜 🎲 😍 🎻. + +& 🐍 ✔️ 🎁 💽 🆎 ⚒ 😍 🏬, `set`. + +⤴️ 👥 💪 📣 `tags` ⚒ 🎻: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +⏮️ 👉, 🚥 👆 📨 📨 ⏮️ ❎ 📊, ⚫️ 🔜 🗜 ⚒ 😍 🏬. + +& 🕐❔ 👆 🔢 👈 📊, 🚥 ℹ ✔️ ❎, ⚫️ 🔜 🔢 ⚒ 😍 🏬. + +& ⚫️ 🔜 ✍ / 📄 ➡️ 💁‍♂️. + +## 🐦 🏷 + +🔠 🔢 Pydantic 🏷 ✔️ 🆎. + +✋️ 👈 🆎 💪 ⚫️ ➕1️⃣ Pydantic 🏷. + +, 👆 💪 📣 🙇 🐦 🎻 "🎚" ⏮️ 🎯 🔢 📛, 🆎 & 🔬. + +🌐 👈, 🎲 🐦. + +### 🔬 📊 + +🖼, 👥 💪 🔬 `Image` 🏷: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7-9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +### ⚙️ 📊 🆎 + +& ⤴️ 👥 💪 ⚙️ ⚫️ 🆎 🔢: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +👉 🔜 ⛓ 👈 **FastAPI** 🔜 ⌛ 💪 🎏: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2, + "tags": ["rock", "metal", "bar"], + "image": { + "url": "http://example.com/baz.jpg", + "name": "The Foo live" + } +} +``` + +🔄, 🤸 👈 📄, ⏮️ **FastAPI** 👆 🤚: + +* 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺 (🛠️, ♒️), 🐦 🏷 +* 💽 🛠️ +* 💽 🔬 +* 🏧 🧾 + +## 🎁 🆎 & 🔬 + +↖️ ⚪️➡️ 😐 ⭐ 🆎 💖 `str`, `int`, `float`, ♒️. 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🌅 🏗 ⭐ 🆎 👈 😖 ⚪️➡️ `str`. + +👀 🌐 🎛 👆 ✔️, 🛒 🩺 Pydantic 😍 🆎. 👆 🔜 👀 🖼 ⏭ 📃. + +🖼, `Image` 🏷 👥 ✔️ `url` 🏑, 👥 💪 📣 ⚫️ ↩️ `str`, Pydantic `HttpUrl`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="2 8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +🎻 🔜 ✅ ☑ 📛, & 📄 🎻 🔗 / 🗄 ✅. + +## 🔢 ⏮️ 📇 📊 + +👆 💪 ⚙️ Pydantic 🏷 🏾 `list`, `set`, ♒️: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006_py310.py!} + ``` + +👉 🔜 ⌛ (🗜, ✔, 📄, ♒️) 🎻 💪 💖: + +```JSON hl_lines="11" +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2, + "tags": [ + "rock", + "metal", + "bar" + ], + "images": [ + { + "url": "http://example.com/baz.jpg", + "name": "The Foo live" + }, + { + "url": "http://example.com/dave.jpg", + "name": "The Baz" + } + ] +} +``` + +!!! info + 👀 ❔ `images` 🔑 🔜 ✔️ 📇 🖼 🎚. + +## 🙇 🐦 🏷 + +👆 💪 🔬 🎲 🙇 🐦 🏷: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 14 20 23 27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 14 20 23 27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7 12 18 21 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + 👀 ❔ `Offer` ✔️ 📇 `Item`Ⓜ, ❔ 🔄 ✔️ 📦 📇 `Image`Ⓜ + +## 💪 😁 📇 + +🚥 🔝 🎚 💲 🎻 💪 👆 ⌛ 🎻 `array` (🐍 `list`), 👆 💪 📣 🆎 🔢 🔢, 🎏 Pydantic 🏷: + +```Python +images: List[Image] +``` + +⚖️ 🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛: + +```Python +images: list[Image] +``` + +: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial008.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial008_py39.py!} + ``` + +## 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺 🌐 + +& 👆 🤚 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺 🌐. + +🏬 🔘 📇: + + + +👆 🚫 🚫 🤚 👉 😇 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺 🚥 👆 👷 🔗 ⏮️ `dict` ↩️ Pydantic 🏷. + +✋️ 👆 🚫 ✔️ 😟 🔃 👫 👯‍♂️, 📨 #️⃣ 🗜 🔁 & 👆 🔢 🗜 🔁 🎻 💁‍♂️. + +## 💪 ❌ `dict`Ⓜ + +👆 💪 📣 💪 `dict` ⏮️ 🔑 🆎 & 💲 🎏 🆎. + +🍵 ✔️ 💭 ⏪ ⚫️❔ ☑ 🏑/🔢 📛 (🔜 💼 ⏮️ Pydantic 🏷). + +👉 🔜 ⚠ 🚥 👆 💚 📨 🔑 👈 👆 🚫 ⏪ 💭. + +--- + +🎏 ⚠ 💼 🕐❔ 👆 💚 ✔️ 🔑 🎏 🆎, ✅ `int`. + +👈 ⚫️❔ 👥 🔜 👀 📥. + +👉 💼, 👆 🔜 🚫 🙆 `dict` 📏 ⚫️ ✔️ `int` 🔑 ⏮️ `float` 💲: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009_py39.py!} + ``` + +!!! tip + ✔️ 🤯 👈 🎻 🕴 🐕‍🦺 `str` 🔑. + + ✋️ Pydantic ✔️ 🏧 💽 🛠️. + + 👉 ⛓ 👈, ✋️ 👆 🛠️ 👩‍💻 💪 🕴 📨 🎻 🔑, 📏 👈 🎻 🔌 😁 🔢, Pydantic 🔜 🗜 👫 & ✔ 👫. + + & `dict` 👆 📨 `weights` 🔜 🤙 ✔️ `int` 🔑 & `float` 💲. + +## 🌃 + +⏮️ **FastAPI** 👆 ✔️ 🔆 💪 🚚 Pydantic 🏷, ⏪ 🚧 👆 📟 🙅, 📏 & 😍. + +✋️ ⏮️ 🌐 💰: + +* 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺 (🛠️ 🌐 ❗) +* 💽 🛠️ (.Ⓜ.. ✍ / 🛠️) +* 💽 🔬 +* 🔗 🧾 +* 🏧 🩺 diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/body-updates.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/body-updates.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..98058ab52 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/body-updates.md @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +# 💪 - ℹ + +## ℹ ❎ ⏮️ `PUT` + +ℹ 🏬 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🇺🇸🔍 `PUT` 🛠️. + +👆 💪 ⚙️ `jsonable_encoder` 🗜 🔢 💽 📊 👈 💪 🏪 🎻 (✅ ⏮️ ☁ 💽). 🖼, 🏭 `datetime` `str`. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="30-35" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="30-35" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="28-33" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +`PUT` ⚙️ 📨 💽 👈 🔜 ❎ ♻ 💽. + +### ⚠ 🔃 ❎ + +👈 ⛓ 👈 🚥 👆 💚 ℹ 🏬 `bar` ⚙️ `PUT` ⏮️ 💪 ⚗: + +```Python +{ + "name": "Barz", + "price": 3, + "description": None, +} +``` + +↩️ ⚫️ 🚫 🔌 ⏪ 🏪 🔢 `"tax": 20.2`, 🔢 🏷 🔜 ✊ 🔢 💲 `"tax": 10.5`. + +& 📊 🔜 🖊 ⏮️ 👈 "🆕" `tax` `10.5`. + +## 🍕 ℹ ⏮️ `PATCH` + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 🇺🇸🔍 `PATCH` 🛠️ *🍕* ℹ 💽. + +👉 ⛓ 👈 👆 💪 📨 🕴 💽 👈 👆 💚 ℹ, 🍂 🎂 🐣. + +!!! Note + `PATCH` 🌘 🛎 ⚙️ & 💭 🌘 `PUT`. + + & 📚 🏉 ⚙️ 🕴 `PUT`, 🍕 ℹ. + + 👆 **🆓** ⚙️ 👫 👐 👆 💚, **FastAPI** 🚫 🚫 🙆 🚫. + + ✋️ 👉 🦮 🎦 👆, 🌖 ⚖️ 🌘, ❔ 👫 🎯 ⚙️. + +### ⚙️ Pydantic `exclude_unset` 🔢 + +🚥 👆 💚 📨 🍕 ℹ, ⚫️ 📶 ⚠ ⚙️ 🔢 `exclude_unset` Pydantic 🏷 `.dict()`. + +💖 `item.dict(exclude_unset=True)`. + +👈 🔜 🏗 `dict` ⏮️ 🕴 💽 👈 ⚒ 🕐❔ 🏗 `item` 🏷, 🚫 🔢 💲. + +⤴️ 👆 💪 ⚙️ 👉 🏗 `dict` ⏮️ 🕴 💽 👈 ⚒ (📨 📨), 🚫 🔢 💲: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="34" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="34" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="32" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +### ⚙️ Pydantic `update` 🔢 + +🔜, 👆 💪 ✍ 📁 ♻ 🏷 ⚙️ `.copy()`, & 🚶‍♀️ `update` 🔢 ⏮️ `dict` ⚗ 💽 ℹ. + +💖 `stored_item_model.copy(update=update_data)`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="35" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="35" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="33" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +### 🍕 ℹ 🌃 + +📄, ✔ 🍕 ℹ 👆 🔜: + +* (⚗) ⚙️ `PATCH` ↩️ `PUT`. +* 🗃 🏪 💽. +* 🚮 👈 💽 Pydantic 🏷. +* 🏗 `dict` 🍵 🔢 💲 ⚪️➡️ 🔢 🏷 (⚙️ `exclude_unset`). + * 👉 🌌 👆 💪 ℹ 🕴 💲 🤙 ⚒ 👩‍💻, ↩️ 🔐 💲 ⏪ 🏪 ⏮️ 🔢 💲 👆 🏷. +* ✍ 📁 🏪 🏷, 🛠️ ⚫️ 🔢 ⏮️ 📨 🍕 ℹ (⚙️ `update` 🔢). +* 🗜 📁 🏷 🕳 👈 💪 🏪 👆 💽 (🖼, ⚙️ `jsonable_encoder`). + * 👉 ⭐ ⚙️ 🏷 `.dict()` 👩‍🔬 🔄, ✋️ ⚫️ ⚒ 💭 (& 🗜) 💲 💽 🆎 👈 💪 🗜 🎻, 🖼, `datetime` `str`. +* 🖊 💽 👆 💽. +* 📨 ℹ 🏷. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="30-37" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="30-37" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="28-35" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! tip + 👆 💪 🤙 ⚙️ 👉 🎏 ⚒ ⏮️ 🇺🇸🔍 `PUT` 🛠️. + + ✋️ 🖼 📥 ⚙️ `PATCH` ↩️ ⚫️ ✍ 👫 ⚙️ 💼. + +!!! note + 👀 👈 🔢 🏷 ✔. + + , 🚥 👆 💚 📨 🍕 ℹ 👈 💪 🚫 🌐 🔢, 👆 💪 ✔️ 🏷 ⏮️ 🌐 🔢 ™ 📦 (⏮️ 🔢 💲 ⚖️ `None`). + + 🔬 ⚪️➡️ 🏷 ⏮️ 🌐 📦 💲 **ℹ** & 🏷 ⏮️ ✔ 💲 **🏗**, 👆 💪 ⚙️ 💭 🔬 [➕ 🏷](extra-models.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/body.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/body.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ca2f113bf --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/body.md @@ -0,0 +1,213 @@ +# 📨 💪 + +🕐❔ 👆 💪 📨 📊 ⚪️➡️ 👩‍💻 (➡️ 💬, 🖥) 👆 🛠️, 👆 📨 ⚫️ **📨 💪**. + +**📨** 💪 📊 📨 👩‍💻 👆 🛠️. **📨** 💪 💽 👆 🛠️ 📨 👩‍💻. + +👆 🛠️ 🌖 🕧 ✔️ 📨 **📨** 💪. ✋️ 👩‍💻 🚫 🎯 💪 📨 **📨** 💪 🌐 🕰. + +📣 **📨** 💪, 👆 ⚙️ Pydantic 🏷 ⏮️ 🌐 👫 🏋️ & 💰. + +!!! info + 📨 💽, 👆 🔜 ⚙️ 1️⃣: `POST` (🌅 ⚠), `PUT`, `DELETE` ⚖️ `PATCH`. + + 📨 💪 ⏮️ `GET` 📨 ✔️ ⚠ 🎭 🔧, 👐, ⚫️ 🐕‍🦺 FastAPI, 🕴 📶 🏗/😕 ⚙️ 💼. + + ⚫️ 🚫, 🎓 🩺 ⏮️ 🦁 🎚 🏆 🚫 🎦 🧾 💪 🕐❔ ⚙️ `GET`, & 🗳 🖕 💪 🚫 🐕‍🦺 ⚫️. + +## 🗄 Pydantic `BaseModel` + +🥇, 👆 💪 🗄 `BaseModel` ⚪️➡️ `pydantic`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="2" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +## ✍ 👆 💽 🏷 + +⤴️ 👆 📣 👆 💽 🏷 🎓 👈 😖 ⚪️➡️ `BaseModel`. + +⚙️ 🐩 🐍 🆎 🌐 🔢: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7-11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="5-9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +🎏 🕐❔ 📣 🔢 🔢, 🕐❔ 🏷 🔢 ✔️ 🔢 💲, ⚫️ 🚫 ✔. ⏪, ⚫️ ✔. ⚙️ `None` ⚒ ⚫️ 📦. + +🖼, 👉 🏷 🔛 📣 🎻 "`object`" (⚖️ 🐍 `dict`) 💖: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "An optional description", + "price": 45.2, + "tax": 3.5 +} +``` + +... `description` & `tax` 📦 (⏮️ 🔢 💲 `None`), 👉 🎻 "`object`" 🔜 ☑: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "price": 45.2 +} +``` + +## 📣 ⚫️ 🔢 + +🚮 ⚫️ 👆 *➡ 🛠️*, 📣 ⚫️ 🎏 🌌 👆 📣 ➡ & 🔢 🔢: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +...& 📣 🚮 🆎 🏷 👆 ✍, `Item`. + +## 🏁 + +⏮️ 👈 🐍 🆎 📄, **FastAPI** 🔜: + +* ✍ 💪 📨 🎻. +* 🗜 🔗 🆎 (🚥 💪). +* ✔ 💽. + * 🚥 💽 ❌, ⚫️ 🔜 📨 👌 & 🆑 ❌, ☠️ ⚫️❔ 🌐❔ & ⚫️❔ ❌ 📊. +* 🤝 👆 📨 📊 🔢 `item`. + * 👆 📣 ⚫️ 🔢 🆎 `Item`, 👆 🔜 ✔️ 🌐 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺 (🛠️, ♒️) 🌐 🔢 & 👫 🆎. +* 🏗 🎻 🔗 🔑 👆 🏷, 👆 💪 ⚙️ 👫 🙆 🙆 👆 💖 🚥 ⚫️ ⚒ 🔑 👆 🏗. +* 👈 🔗 🔜 🍕 🏗 🗄 🔗, & ⚙️ 🏧 🧾 ⚜. + +## 🏧 🩺 + +🎻 🔗 👆 🏷 🔜 🍕 👆 🗄 🏗 🔗, & 🔜 🎦 🎓 🛠️ 🩺: + + + +& 🔜 ⚙️ 🛠️ 🩺 🔘 🔠 *➡ 🛠️* 👈 💪 👫: + + + +## 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺 + +👆 👨‍🎨, 🔘 👆 🔢 👆 🔜 🤚 🆎 🔑 & 🛠️ 🌐 (👉 🚫🔜 🔨 🚥 👆 📨 `dict` ↩️ Pydantic 🏷): + + + +👆 🤚 ❌ ✅ ❌ 🆎 🛠️: + + + +👉 🚫 🤞, 🎂 🛠️ 🏗 🤭 👈 🔧. + +& ⚫️ 🙇 💯 🔧 🌓, ⏭ 🙆 🛠️, 🚚 ⚫️ 🔜 👷 ⏮️ 🌐 👨‍🎨. + +📤 🔀 Pydantic ⚫️ 🐕‍🦺 👉. + +⏮️ 🖼 ✊ ⏮️ 🎙 🎙 📟. + +✋️ 👆 🔜 🤚 🎏 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺 ⏮️ 🗒 & 🌅 🎏 🐍 👨‍🎨: + + + +!!! tip + 🚥 👆 ⚙️ 🗒 👆 👨‍🎨, 👆 💪 ⚙️ Pydantic 🗒 📁. + + ⚫️ 📉 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺 Pydantic 🏷, ⏮️: + + * 🚘-🛠️ + * 🆎 ✅ + * 🛠️ + * 🔎 + * 🔬 + +## ⚙️ 🏷 + +🔘 🔢, 👆 💪 🔐 🌐 🔢 🏷 🎚 🔗: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +## 📨 💪 ➕ ➡ 🔢 + +👆 💪 📣 ➡ 🔢 & 📨 💪 🎏 🕰. + +**FastAPI** 🔜 🤔 👈 🔢 🔢 👈 🏏 ➡ 🔢 🔜 **✊ ⚪️➡️ ➡**, & 👈 🔢 🔢 👈 📣 Pydantic 🏷 🔜 **✊ ⚪️➡️ 📨 💪**. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="17-18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="15-16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +## 📨 💪 ➕ ➡ ➕ 🔢 🔢 + +👆 💪 📣 **💪**, **➡** & **🔢** 🔢, 🌐 🎏 🕰. + +**FastAPI** 🔜 🤔 🔠 👫 & ✊ 📊 ⚪️➡️ ☑ 🥉. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +🔢 🔢 🔜 🤔 ⏩: + +* 🚥 🔢 📣 **➡**, ⚫️ 🔜 ⚙️ ➡ 🔢. +* 🚥 🔢 **⭐ 🆎** (💖 `int`, `float`, `str`, `bool`, ♒️) ⚫️ 🔜 🔬 **🔢** 🔢. +* 🚥 🔢 📣 🆎 **Pydantic 🏷**, ⚫️ 🔜 🔬 📨 **💪**. + +!!! note + FastAPI 🔜 💭 👈 💲 `q` 🚫 ✔ ↩️ 🔢 💲 `= None`. + + `Union` `Union[str, None]` 🚫 ⚙️ FastAPI, ✋️ 🔜 ✔ 👆 👨‍🎨 🤝 👆 👍 🐕‍🦺 & 🔍 ❌. + +## 🍵 Pydantic + +🚥 👆 🚫 💚 ⚙️ Pydantic 🏷, 👆 💪 ⚙️ **💪** 🔢. 👀 🩺 [💪 - 💗 🔢: ⭐ 💲 💪](body-multiple-params.md#singular-values-in-body){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..47f4a62f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +# 🍪 🔢 + +👆 💪 🔬 🍪 🔢 🎏 🌌 👆 🔬 `Query` & `Path` 🔢. + +## 🗄 `Cookie` + +🥇 🗄 `Cookie`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +## 📣 `Cookie` 🔢 + +⤴️ 📣 🍪 🔢 ⚙️ 🎏 📊 ⏮️ `Path` & `Query`. + +🥇 💲 🔢 💲, 👆 💪 🚶‍♀️ 🌐 ➕ 🔬 ⚖️ ✍ 🔢: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + `Cookie` "👭" 🎓 `Path` & `Query`. ⚫️ 😖 ⚪️➡️ 🎏 ⚠ `Param` 🎓. + + ✋️ 💭 👈 🕐❔ 👆 🗄 `Query`, `Path`, `Cookie` & 🎏 ⚪️➡️ `fastapi`, 👈 🤙 🔢 👈 📨 🎁 🎓. + +!!! info + 📣 🍪, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `Cookie`, ↩️ ⏪ 🔢 🔜 🔬 🔢 🔢. + +## 🌃 + +📣 🍪 ⏮️ `Cookie`, ⚙️ 🎏 ⚠ ⚓ `Query` & `Path`. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/cors.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/cors.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8c5e33ed7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/cors.md @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +# ⚜ (✖️-🇨🇳 ℹ 🤝) + +⚜ ⚖️ "✖️-🇨🇳 ℹ 🤝" 🔗 ⚠ 🕐❔ 🕸 🏃‍♂ 🖥 ✔️ 🕸 📟 👈 🔗 ⏮️ 👩‍💻, & 👩‍💻 🎏 "🇨🇳" 🌘 🕸. + +## 🇨🇳 + +🇨🇳 🌀 🛠️ (`http`, `https`), 🆔 (`myapp.com`, `localhost`, `localhost.tiangolo.com`), & ⛴ (`80`, `443`, `8080`). + +, 🌐 👫 🎏 🇨🇳: + +* `http://localhost` +* `https://localhost` +* `http://localhost:8080` + +🚥 👫 🌐 `localhost`, 👫 ⚙️ 🎏 🛠️ ⚖️ ⛴,, 👫 🎏 "🇨🇳". + +## 🔁 + +, ➡️ 💬 👆 ✔️ 🕸 🏃 👆 🖥 `http://localhost:8080`, & 🚮 🕸 🔄 🔗 ⏮️ 👩‍💻 🏃 `http://localhost` (↩️ 👥 🚫 ✔ ⛴, 🖥 🔜 🤔 🔢 ⛴ `80`). + +⤴️, 🖥 🔜 📨 🇺🇸🔍 `OPTIONS` 📨 👩‍💻, & 🚥 👩‍💻 📨 ☑ 🎚 ✔ 📻 ⚪️➡️ 👉 🎏 🇨🇳 (`http://localhost:8080`) ⤴️ 🖥 🔜 ➡️ 🕸 🕸 📨 🚮 📨 👩‍💻. + +🏆 👉, 👩‍💻 🔜 ✔️ 📇 "✔ 🇨🇳". + +👉 💼, ⚫️ 🔜 ✔️ 🔌 `http://localhost:8080` 🕸 👷 ☑. + +## 🃏 + +⚫️ 💪 📣 📇 `"*"` ("🃏") 💬 👈 🌐 ✔. + +✋️ 👈 🔜 🕴 ✔ 🎯 🆎 📻, 🚫 🌐 👈 🔌 🎓: 🍪, ✔ 🎚 💖 📚 ⚙️ ⏮️ 📨 🤝, ♒️. + +, 🌐 👷 ☑, ⚫️ 👻 ✔ 🎯 ✔ 🇨🇳. + +## ⚙️ `CORSMiddleware` + +👆 💪 🔗 ⚫️ 👆 **FastAPI** 🈸 ⚙️ `CORSMiddleware`. + +* 🗄 `CORSMiddleware`. +* ✍ 📇 ✔ 🇨🇳 (🎻). +* 🚮 ⚫️ "🛠️" 👆 **FastAPI** 🈸. + +👆 💪 ✔ 🚥 👆 👩‍💻 ✔: + +* 🎓 (✔ 🎚, 🍪, ♒️). +* 🎯 🇺🇸🔍 👩‍🔬 (`POST`, `PUT`) ⚖️ 🌐 👫 ⏮️ 🃏 `"*"`. +* 🎯 🇺🇸🔍 🎚 ⚖️ 🌐 👫 ⏮️ 🃏 `"*"`. + +```Python hl_lines="2 6-11 13-19" +{!../../../docs_src/cors/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +🔢 🔢 ⚙️ `CORSMiddleware` 🛠️ 🚫 🔢, 👆 🔜 💪 🎯 🛠️ 🎯 🇨🇳, 👩‍🔬, ⚖️ 🎚, ✔ 🖥 ✔ ⚙️ 👫 ✖️-🆔 🔑. + +📄 ❌ 🐕‍🦺: + +* `allow_origins` - 📇 🇨🇳 👈 🔜 ✔ ⚒ ✖️-🇨🇳 📨. 🤶 Ⓜ. `['https://example.org', 'https://www.example.org']`. 👆 💪 ⚙️ `['*']` ✔ 🙆 🇨🇳. +* `allow_origin_regex` - 🎻 🎻 🏏 🛡 🇨🇳 👈 🔜 ✔ ⚒ ✖️-🇨🇳 📨. ✅ `'https://.*\.example\.org'`. +* `allow_methods` - 📇 🇺🇸🔍 👩‍🔬 👈 🔜 ✔ ✖️-🇨🇳 📨. 🔢 `['GET']`. 👆 💪 ⚙️ `['*']` ✔ 🌐 🐩 👩‍🔬. +* `allow_headers` - 📇 🇺🇸🔍 📨 🎚 👈 🔜 🐕‍🦺 ✖️-🇨🇳 📨. 🔢 `[]`. 👆 💪 ⚙️ `['*']` ✔ 🌐 🎚. `Accept`, `Accept-Language`, `Content-Language` & `Content-Type` 🎚 🕧 ✔ 🙅 ⚜ 📨. +* `allow_credentials` - 🎦 👈 🍪 🔜 🐕‍🦺 ✖️-🇨🇳 📨. 🔢 `False`. , `allow_origins` 🚫🔜 ⚒ `['*']` 🎓 ✔, 🇨🇳 🔜 ✔. +* `expose_headers` - 🎦 🙆 📨 🎚 👈 🔜 ⚒ ♿ 🖥. 🔢 `[]`. +* `max_age` - ⚒ 🔆 🕰 🥈 🖥 💾 ⚜ 📨. 🔢 `600`. + +🛠️ 📨 2️⃣ 🎯 🆎 🇺🇸🔍 📨... + +### ⚜ 🛫 📨 + +👉 🙆 `OPTIONS` 📨 ⏮️ `Origin` & `Access-Control-Request-Method` 🎚. + +👉 💼 🛠️ 🔜 🆘 📨 📨 & 📨 ⏮️ ☑ ⚜ 🎚, & 👯‍♂️ `200` ⚖️ `400` 📨 🎓 🎯. + +### 🙅 📨 + +🙆 📨 ⏮️ `Origin` 🎚. 👉 💼 🛠️ 🔜 🚶‍♀️ 📨 🔘 😐, ✋️ 🔜 🔌 ☑ ⚜ 🎚 🔛 📨. + +## 🌅 ℹ + +🌖 ℹ 🔃 ⚜, ✅ 🦎 ⚜ 🧾. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware`. + + **FastAPI** 🚚 📚 🛠️ `fastapi.middleware` 🏪 👆, 👩‍💻. ✋️ 🌅 💪 🛠️ 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/debugging.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/debugging.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7c11b5ce --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/debugging.md @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +# 🛠️ + +👆 💪 🔗 🕹 👆 👨‍🎨, 🖼 ⏮️ 🎙 🎙 📟 ⚖️ 🗒. + +## 🤙 `uvicorn` + +👆 FastAPI 🈸, 🗄 & 🏃 `uvicorn` 🔗: + +```Python hl_lines="1 15" +{!../../../docs_src/debugging/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### 🔃 `__name__ == "__main__"` + +👑 🎯 `__name__ == "__main__"` ✔️ 📟 👈 🛠️ 🕐❔ 👆 📁 🤙 ⏮️: + +
+ +```console +$ python myapp.py +``` + +
+ +✋️ 🚫 🤙 🕐❔ ➕1️⃣ 📁 🗄 ⚫️, 💖: + +```Python +from myapp import app +``` + +#### 🌅 ℹ + +➡️ 💬 👆 📁 🌟 `myapp.py`. + +🚥 👆 🏃 ⚫️ ⏮️: + +
+ +```console +$ python myapp.py +``` + +
+ +⤴️ 🔗 🔢 `__name__` 👆 📁, ✍ 🔁 🐍, 🔜 ✔️ 💲 🎻 `"__main__"`. + +, 📄: + +```Python + uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000) +``` + +🔜 🏃. + +--- + +👉 🏆 🚫 🔨 🚥 👆 🗄 👈 🕹 (📁). + +, 🚥 👆 ✔️ ➕1️⃣ 📁 `importer.py` ⏮️: + +```Python +from myapp import app + +# Some more code +``` + +👈 💼, 🏧 🔢 🔘 `myapp.py` 🔜 🚫 ✔️ 🔢 `__name__` ⏮️ 💲 `"__main__"`. + +, ⏸: + +```Python + uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000) +``` + +🔜 🚫 🛠️. + +!!! info + 🌅 ℹ, ✅ 🛂 🐍 🩺. + +## 🏃 👆 📟 ⏮️ 👆 🕹 + +↩️ 👆 🏃 Uvicorn 💽 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 👆 📟, 👆 💪 🤙 👆 🐍 📋 (👆 FastAPI 🈸) 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 🕹. + +--- + +🖼, 🎙 🎙 📟, 👆 💪: + +* 🚶 "ℹ" 🎛. +* "🚮 📳...". +* 🖊 "🐍" +* 🏃 🕹 ⏮️ 🎛 "`Python: Current File (Integrated Terminal)`". + +⚫️ 🔜 ⤴️ ▶️ 💽 ⏮️ 👆 **FastAPI** 📟, ⛔️ 👆 0️⃣, ♒️. + +📥 ❔ ⚫️ 💪 👀: + + + +--- + +🚥 👆 ⚙️ 🗒, 👆 💪: + +* 📂 "🏃" 🍣. +* 🖊 🎛 "ℹ...". +* ⤴️ 🔑 🍣 🎦 🆙. +* 🖊 📁 ℹ (👉 💼, `main.py`). + +⚫️ 🔜 ⤴️ ▶️ 💽 ⏮️ 👆 **FastAPI** 📟, ⛔️ 👆 0️⃣, ♒️. + +📥 ❔ ⚫️ 💪 👀: + + diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2d2686d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md @@ -0,0 +1,247 @@ +# 🎓 🔗 + +⏭ 🤿 ⏬ 🔘 **🔗 💉** ⚙️, ➡️ ♻ ⏮️ 🖼. + +## `dict` ⚪️➡️ ⏮️ 🖼 + +⏮️ 🖼, 👥 🛬 `dict` ⚪️➡️ 👆 🔗 ("☑"): + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +✋️ ⤴️ 👥 🤚 `dict` 🔢 `commons` *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*. + +& 👥 💭 👈 👨‍🎨 💪 🚫 🚚 📚 🐕‍🦺 (💖 🛠️) `dict`Ⓜ, ↩️ 👫 💪 🚫 💭 👫 🔑 & 💲 🆎. + +👥 💪 👍... + +## ⚫️❔ ⚒ 🔗 + +🆙 🔜 👆 ✔️ 👀 🔗 📣 🔢. + +✋️ 👈 🚫 🕴 🌌 📣 🔗 (👐 ⚫️ 🔜 🎲 🌖 ⚠). + +🔑 ⚖ 👈 🔗 🔜 "🇧🇲". + +"**🇧🇲**" 🐍 🕳 👈 🐍 💪 "🤙" 💖 🔢. + +, 🚥 👆 ✔️ 🎚 `something` (👈 💪 _🚫_ 🔢) & 👆 💪 "🤙" ⚫️ (🛠️ ⚫️) 💖: + +```Python +something() +``` + +⚖️ + +```Python +something(some_argument, some_keyword_argument="foo") +``` + +⤴️ ⚫️ "🇧🇲". + +## 🎓 🔗 + +👆 5️⃣📆 👀 👈 ✍ 👐 🐍 🎓, 👆 ⚙️ 👈 🎏 ❕. + +🖼: + +```Python +class Cat: + def __init__(self, name: str): + self.name = name + + +fluffy = Cat(name="Mr Fluffy") +``` + +👉 💼, `fluffy` 👐 🎓 `Cat`. + +& ✍ `fluffy`, 👆 "🤙" `Cat`. + +, 🐍 🎓 **🇧🇲**. + +⤴️, **FastAPI**, 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🐍 🎓 🔗. + +⚫️❔ FastAPI 🤙 ✅ 👈 ⚫️ "🇧🇲" (🔢, 🎓 ⚖️ 🕳 🙆) & 🔢 🔬. + +🚥 👆 🚶‍♀️ "🇧🇲" 🔗 **FastAPI**, ⚫️ 🔜 🔬 🔢 👈 "🇧🇲", & 🛠️ 👫 🎏 🌌 🔢 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*. ✅ 🎧-🔗. + +👈 ✔ 🇧🇲 ⏮️ 🙅‍♂ 🔢 🌐. 🎏 ⚫️ 🔜 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* ⏮️ 🙅‍♂ 🔢. + +⤴️, 👥 💪 🔀 🔗 "☑" `common_parameters` ⚪️➡️ 🔛 🎓 `CommonQueryParams`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="11-15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +💸 🙋 `__init__` 👩‍🔬 ⚙️ ✍ 👐 🎓: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +...⚫️ ✔️ 🎏 🔢 👆 ⏮️ `common_parameters`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="6" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +📚 🔢 ⚫️❔ **FastAPI** 🔜 ⚙️ "❎" 🔗. + +👯‍♂️ 💼, ⚫️ 🔜 ✔️: + +* 📦 `q` 🔢 🔢 👈 `str`. +* `skip` 🔢 🔢 👈 `int`, ⏮️ 🔢 `0`. +* `limit` 🔢 🔢 👈 `int`, ⏮️ 🔢 `100`. + +👯‍♂️ 💼 💽 🔜 🗜, ✔, 📄 🔛 🗄 🔗, ♒️. + +## ⚙️ ⚫️ + +🔜 👆 💪 📣 👆 🔗 ⚙️ 👉 🎓. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +**FastAPI** 🤙 `CommonQueryParams` 🎓. 👉 ✍ "👐" 👈 🎓 & 👐 🔜 🚶‍♀️ 🔢 `commons` 👆 🔢. + +## 🆎 ✍ 🆚 `Depends` + +👀 ❔ 👥 ✍ `CommonQueryParams` 🕐 🔛 📟: + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +🏁 `CommonQueryParams`,: + +```Python +... = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +...⚫️❔ **FastAPI** 🔜 🤙 ⚙️ 💭 ⚫️❔ 🔗. + +⚪️➡️ ⚫️ 👈 FastAPI 🔜 ⚗ 📣 🔢 & 👈 ⚫️❔ FastAPI 🔜 🤙 🤙. + +--- + +👉 💼, 🥇 `CommonQueryParams`,: + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams ... +``` + +...🚫 ✔️ 🙆 🎁 🔑 **FastAPI**. FastAPI 🏆 🚫 ⚙️ ⚫️ 💽 🛠️, 🔬, ♒️. (⚫️ ⚙️ `= Depends(CommonQueryParams)` 👈). + +👆 💪 🤙 ✍: + +```Python +commons = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +...: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +✋️ 📣 🆎 💡 👈 🌌 👆 👨‍🎨 🔜 💭 ⚫️❔ 🔜 🚶‍♀️ 🔢 `commons`, & ⤴️ ⚫️ 💪 ℹ 👆 ⏮️ 📟 🛠️, 🆎 ✅, ♒️: + + + +## ⌨ + +✋️ 👆 👀 👈 👥 ✔️ 📟 🔁 📥, ✍ `CommonQueryParams` 🕐: + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +**FastAPI** 🚚 ⌨ 👫 💼, 🌐❔ 🔗 *🎯* 🎓 👈 **FastAPI** 🔜 "🤙" ✍ 👐 🎓 ⚫️. + +📚 🎯 💼, 👆 💪 📄: + +↩️ ✍: + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +...👆 ✍: + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends() +``` + +👆 📣 🔗 🆎 🔢, & 👆 ⚙️ `Depends()` 🚮 "🔢" 💲 (👈 ⏮️ `=`) 👈 🔢 🔢, 🍵 🙆 🔢 `Depends()`, ↩️ ✔️ ✍ 🌕 🎓 *🔄* 🔘 `Depends(CommonQueryParams)`. + +🎏 🖼 🔜 ⤴️ 👀 💖: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +...& **FastAPI** 🔜 💭 ⚫️❔. + +!!! tip + 🚥 👈 😑 🌅 😨 🌘 👍, 🤷‍♂ ⚫️, 👆 🚫 *💪* ⚫️. + + ⚫️ ⌨. ↩️ **FastAPI** 💅 🔃 🤝 👆 📉 📟 🔁. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4d54b91c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +# 🔗 ➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨 + +💼 👆 🚫 🤙 💪 📨 💲 🔗 🔘 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*. + +⚖️ 🔗 🚫 📨 💲. + +✋️ 👆 💪 ⚫️ 🛠️/❎. + +📚 💼, ↩️ 📣 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 🔢 ⏮️ `Depends`, 👆 💪 🚮 `list` `dependencies` *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨*. + +## 🚮 `dependencies` *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨* + +*➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨* 📨 📦 ❌ `dependencies`. + +⚫️ 🔜 `list` `Depends()`: + +```Python hl_lines="17" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +👉 🔗 🔜 🛠️/❎ 🎏 🌌 😐 🔗. ✋️ 👫 💲 (🚥 👫 📨 🙆) 🏆 🚫 🚶‍♀️ 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*. + +!!! tip + 👨‍🎨 ✅ ♻ 🔢 🔢, & 🎦 👫 ❌. + + ⚙️ 👉 `dependencies` *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨* 👆 💪 ⚒ 💭 👫 🛠️ ⏪ ❎ 👨‍🎨/🏭 ❌. + + ⚫️ 💪 ℹ ❎ 😨 🆕 👩‍💻 👈 👀 ♻ 🔢 👆 📟 & 💪 💭 ⚫️ 🙃. + +!!! info + 👉 🖼 👥 ⚙️ 💭 🛃 🎚 `X-Key` & `X-Token`. + + ✋️ 🎰 💼, 🕐❔ 🛠️ 💂‍♂, 👆 🔜 🤚 🌖 💰 ⚪️➡️ ⚙️ 🛠️ [💂‍♂ 🚙 (⏭ 📃)](../security/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## 🔗 ❌ & 📨 💲 + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 🎏 🔗 *🔢* 👆 ⚙️ 🛎. + +### 🔗 📄 + +👫 💪 📣 📨 📄 (💖 🎚) ⚖️ 🎏 🎧-🔗: + +```Python hl_lines="6 11" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +### 🤚 ⚠ + +👫 🔗 💪 `raise` ⚠, 🎏 😐 🔗: + +```Python hl_lines="8 13" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +### 📨 💲 + +& 👫 💪 📨 💲 ⚖️ 🚫, 💲 🏆 🚫 ⚙️. + +, 👆 💪 🏤-⚙️ 😐 🔗 (👈 📨 💲) 👆 ⏪ ⚙️ 👱 🙆, & ✋️ 💲 🏆 🚫 ⚙️, 🔗 🔜 🛠️: + +```Python hl_lines="9 14" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +## 🔗 👪 *➡ 🛠️* + +⏪, 🕐❔ 👂 🔃 ❔ 📊 🦏 🈸 ([🦏 🈸 - 💗 📁](../../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}), 🎲 ⏮️ 💗 📁, 👆 🔜 💡 ❔ 📣 👁 `dependencies` 🔢 👪 *➡ 🛠️*. + +## 🌐 🔗 + +⏭ 👥 🔜 👀 ❔ 🚮 🔗 🎂 `FastAPI` 🈸, 👈 👫 ✔ 🔠 *➡ 🛠️*. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9617667f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ +# 🔗 ⏮️ 🌾 + +FastAPI 🐕‍🦺 🔗 👈 ➕ 🔁 ⏮️ 🏁. + +👉, ⚙️ `yield` ↩️ `return`, & ✍ ➕ 🔁 ⏮️. + +!!! tip + ⚒ 💭 ⚙️ `yield` 1️⃣ 👁 🕰. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 🙆 🔢 👈 ☑ ⚙️ ⏮️: + + * `@contextlib.contextmanager` ⚖️ + * `@contextlib.asynccontextmanager` + + 🔜 ☑ ⚙️ **FastAPI** 🔗. + + 👐, FastAPI ⚙️ 📚 2️⃣ 👨‍🎨 🔘. + +## 💽 🔗 ⏮️ `yield` + +🖼, 👆 💪 ⚙️ 👉 ✍ 💽 🎉 & 🔐 ⚫️ ⏮️ 🏁. + +🕴 📟 ⏭ & 🔌 `yield` 📄 🛠️ ⏭ 📨 📨: + +```Python hl_lines="2-4" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +🌾 💲 ⚫️❔ 💉 🔘 *➡ 🛠️* & 🎏 🔗: + +```Python hl_lines="4" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +📟 📄 `yield` 📄 🛠️ ⏮️ 📨 ✔️ 🚚: + +```Python hl_lines="5-6" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 👆 💪 ⚙️ `async` ⚖️ 😐 🔢. + + **FastAPI** 🔜 ▶️️ 👜 ⏮️ 🔠, 🎏 ⏮️ 😐 🔗. + +## 🔗 ⏮️ `yield` & `try` + +🚥 👆 ⚙️ `try` 🍫 🔗 ⏮️ `yield`, 👆 🔜 📨 🙆 ⚠ 👈 🚮 🕐❔ ⚙️ 🔗. + +🖼, 🚥 📟 ☝ 🖕, ➕1️⃣ 🔗 ⚖️ *➡ 🛠️*, ⚒ 💽 💵 "💾" ⚖️ ✍ 🙆 🎏 ❌, 👆 🔜 📨 ⚠ 👆 🔗. + +, 👆 💪 👀 👈 🎯 ⚠ 🔘 🔗 ⏮️ `except SomeException`. + +🎏 🌌, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `finally` ⚒ 💭 🚪 📶 🛠️, 🙅‍♂ 🤔 🚥 📤 ⚠ ⚖️ 🚫. + +```Python hl_lines="3 5" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +## 🎧-🔗 ⏮️ `yield` + +👆 💪 ✔️ 🎧-🔗 & "🌲" 🎧-🔗 🙆 📐 & 💠, & 🙆 ⚖️ 🌐 👫 💪 ⚙️ `yield`. + +**FastAPI** 🔜 ⚒ 💭 👈 "🚪 📟" 🔠 🔗 ⏮️ `yield` 🏃 ☑ ✔. + +🖼, `dependency_c` 💪 ✔️ 🔗 🔛 `dependency_b`, & `dependency_b` 🔛 `dependency_a`: + +```Python hl_lines="4 12 20" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008.py!} +``` + +& 🌐 👫 💪 ⚙️ `yield`. + +👉 💼 `dependency_c`, 🛠️ 🚮 🚪 📟, 💪 💲 ⚪️➡️ `dependency_b` (📥 📛 `dep_b`) 💪. + +& , 🔄, `dependency_b` 💪 💲 ⚪️➡️ `dependency_a` (📥 📛 `dep_a`) 💪 🚮 🚪 📟. + +```Python hl_lines="16-17 24-25" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008.py!} +``` + +🎏 🌌, 👆 💪 ✔️ 🔗 ⏮️ `yield` & `return` 🌀. + +& 👆 💪 ✔️ 👁 🔗 👈 🚚 📚 🎏 🔗 ⏮️ `yield`, ♒️. + +👆 💪 ✔️ 🙆 🌀 🔗 👈 👆 💚. + +**FastAPI** 🔜 ⚒ 💭 🌐 🏃 ☑ ✔. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 👉 👷 👏 🐍 🔑 👨‍💼. + + **FastAPI** ⚙️ 👫 🔘 🏆 👉. + +## 🔗 ⏮️ `yield` & `HTTPException` + +👆 👀 👈 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🔗 ⏮️ `yield` & ✔️ `try` 🍫 👈 ✊ ⚠. + +⚫️ 5️⃣📆 😋 🤚 `HTTPException` ⚖️ 🎏 🚪 📟, ⏮️ `yield`. ✋️ **⚫️ 🏆 🚫 👷**. + +🚪 📟 🔗 ⏮️ `yield` 🛠️ *⏮️* 📨 📨, [⚠ 🐕‍🦺](../handling-errors.md#install-custom-exception-handlers){.internal-link target=_blank} 🔜 ✔️ ⏪ 🏃. 📤 🕳 😽 ⚠ 🚮 👆 🔗 🚪 📟 (⏮️ `yield`). + +, 🚥 👆 🤚 `HTTPException` ⏮️ `yield`, 🔢 (⚖️ 🙆 🛃) ⚠ 🐕‍🦺 👈 ✊ `HTTPException`Ⓜ & 📨 🇺🇸🔍 4️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ 📨 🏆 🚫 📤 ✊ 👈 ⚠ 🚫🔜. + +👉 ⚫️❔ ✔ 🕳 ⚒ 🔗 (✅ 💽 🎉), 🖼, ⚙️ 🖥 📋. + +🖥 📋 🏃 *⏮️* 📨 ✔️ 📨. 📤 🙅‍♂ 🌌 🤚 `HTTPException` ↩️ 📤 🚫 🌌 🔀 📨 👈 *⏪ 📨*. + +✋️ 🚥 🖥 📋 ✍ 💽 ❌, 🌘 👆 💪 💾 ⚖️ 😬 🔐 🎉 🔗 ⏮️ `yield`, & 🎲 🕹 ❌ ⚖️ 📄 ⚫️ 🛰 🕵 ⚙️. + +🚥 👆 ✔️ 📟 👈 👆 💭 💪 🤚 ⚠, 🏆 😐/"🙃" 👜 & 🚮 `try` 🍫 👈 📄 📟. + +🚥 👆 ✔️ 🛃 ⚠ 👈 👆 🔜 💖 🍵 *⏭* 🛬 📨 & 🎲 ❎ 📨, 🎲 🙋‍♀ `HTTPException`, ✍ [🛃 ⚠ 🐕‍🦺](../handling-errors.md#install-custom-exception-handlers){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +!!! tip + 👆 💪 🤚 ⚠ 🔌 `HTTPException` *⏭* `yield`. ✋️ 🚫 ⏮️. + +🔁 🛠️ 🌅 ⚖️ 🌘 💖 👉 📊. 🕰 💧 ⚪️➡️ 🔝 🔝. & 🔠 🏓 1️⃣ 🍕 🔗 ⚖️ 🛠️ 📟. + +```mermaid +sequenceDiagram + +participant client as Client +participant handler as Exception handler +participant dep as Dep with yield +participant operation as Path Operation +participant tasks as Background tasks + + Note over client,tasks: Can raise exception for dependency, handled after response is sent + Note over client,operation: Can raise HTTPException and can change the response + client ->> dep: Start request + Note over dep: Run code up to yield + opt raise + dep -->> handler: Raise HTTPException + handler -->> client: HTTP error response + dep -->> dep: Raise other exception + end + dep ->> operation: Run dependency, e.g. DB session + opt raise + operation -->> dep: Raise HTTPException + dep -->> handler: Auto forward exception + handler -->> client: HTTP error response + operation -->> dep: Raise other exception + dep -->> handler: Auto forward exception + end + operation ->> client: Return response to client + Note over client,operation: Response is already sent, can't change it anymore + opt Tasks + operation -->> tasks: Send background tasks + end + opt Raise other exception + tasks -->> dep: Raise other exception + end + Note over dep: After yield + opt Handle other exception + dep -->> dep: Handle exception, can't change response. E.g. close DB session. + end +``` + +!!! info + 🕴 **1️⃣ 📨** 🔜 📨 👩‍💻. ⚫️ 💪 1️⃣ ❌ 📨 ⚖️ ⚫️ 🔜 📨 ⚪️➡️ *➡ 🛠️*. + + ⏮️ 1️⃣ 📚 📨 📨, 🙅‍♂ 🎏 📨 💪 📨. + +!!! tip + 👉 📊 🎦 `HTTPException`, ✋️ 👆 💪 🤚 🙆 🎏 ⚠ ❔ 👆 ✍ [🛃 ⚠ 🐕‍🦺](../handling-errors.md#install-custom-exception-handlers){.internal-link target=_blank}. + + 🚥 👆 🤚 🙆 ⚠, ⚫️ 🔜 🚶‍♀️ 🔗 ⏮️ 🌾, 🔌 `HTTPException`, & ⤴️ **🔄** ⚠ 🐕‍🦺. 🚥 📤 🙅‍♂ ⚠ 🐕‍🦺 👈 ⚠, ⚫️ 🔜 ⤴️ 🍵 🔢 🔗 `ServerErrorMiddleware`, 🛬 5️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ 🇺🇸🔍 👔 📟, ➡️ 👩‍💻 💭 👈 📤 ❌ 💽. + +## 🔑 👨‍💼 + +### ⚫️❔ "🔑 👨‍💼" + +"🔑 👨‍💼" 🙆 👈 🐍 🎚 👈 👆 💪 ⚙️ `with` 📄. + +🖼, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `with` ✍ 📁: + +```Python +with open("./somefile.txt") as f: + contents = f.read() + print(contents) +``` + +🔘, `open("./somefile.txt")` ✍ 🎚 👈 🤙 "🔑 👨‍💼". + +🕐❔ `with` 🍫 🏁, ⚫️ ⚒ 💭 🔐 📁, 🚥 📤 ⚠. + +🕐❔ 👆 ✍ 🔗 ⏮️ `yield`, **FastAPI** 🔜 🔘 🗜 ⚫️ 🔑 👨‍💼, & 🌀 ⚫️ ⏮️ 🎏 🔗 🧰. + +### ⚙️ 🔑 👨‍💼 🔗 ⏮️ `yield` + +!!! warning + 👉, 🌅 ⚖️ 🌘, "🏧" 💭. + + 🚥 👆 ▶️ ⏮️ **FastAPI** 👆 💪 💚 🚶 ⚫️ 🔜. + +🐍, 👆 💪 ✍ 🔑 👨‍💼 🏗 🎓 ⏮️ 2️⃣ 👩‍🔬: `__enter__()` & `__exit__()`. + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 👫 🔘 **FastAPI** 🔗 ⏮️ `yield` ⚙️ +`with` ⚖️ `async with` 📄 🔘 🔗 🔢: + +```Python hl_lines="1-9 13" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial010.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + ➕1️⃣ 🌌 ✍ 🔑 👨‍💼 ⏮️: + + * `@contextlib.contextmanager` ⚖️ + * `@contextlib.asynccontextmanager` + + ⚙️ 👫 🎀 🔢 ⏮️ 👁 `yield`. + + 👈 ⚫️❔ **FastAPI** ⚙️ 🔘 🔗 ⏮️ `yield`. + + ✋️ 👆 🚫 ✔️ ⚙️ 👨‍🎨 FastAPI 🔗 (& 👆 🚫🔜 🚫). + + FastAPI 🔜 ⚫️ 👆 🔘. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..81759d0e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# 🌐 🔗 + +🆎 🈸 👆 💪 💚 🚮 🔗 🎂 🈸. + +🎏 🌌 👆 💪 [🚮 `dependencies` *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨*](dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, 👆 💪 🚮 👫 `FastAPI` 🈸. + +👈 💼, 👫 🔜 ✔ 🌐 *➡ 🛠️* 🈸: + +```Python hl_lines="15" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012.py!} +``` + +& 🌐 💭 📄 🔃 [❎ `dependencies` *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨*](dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md){.internal-link target=_blank} ✔, ✋️ 👉 💼, 🌐 *➡ 🛠️* 📱. + +## 🔗 👪 *➡ 🛠️* + +⏪, 🕐❔ 👂 🔃 ❔ 📊 🦏 🈸 ([🦏 🈸 - 💗 📁](../../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}), 🎲 ⏮️ 💗 📁, 👆 🔜 💡 ❔ 📣 👁 `dependencies` 🔢 👪 *➡ 🛠️*. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/dependencies/index.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/dependencies/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ffd38d716 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/dependencies/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,233 @@ +# 🔗 + +**FastAPI** ✔️ 📶 🏋️ ✋️ 🏋️ **🔗 💉** ⚙️. + +⚫️ 🏗 📶 🙅 ⚙️, & ⚒ ⚫️ 📶 ⏩ 🙆 👩‍💻 🛠️ 🎏 🦲 ⏮️ **FastAPI**. + +## ⚫️❔ "🔗 💉" + +**"🔗 💉"** ⛓, 📋, 👈 📤 🌌 👆 📟 (👉 💼, 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*) 📣 👜 👈 ⚫️ 🚚 👷 & ⚙️: "🔗". + +& ⤴️, 👈 ⚙️ (👉 💼 **FastAPI**) 🔜 ✊ 💅 🔨 ⚫️❔ 💪 🚚 👆 📟 ⏮️ 📚 💪 🔗 ("💉" 🔗). + +👉 📶 ⚠ 🕐❔ 👆 💪: + +* ✔️ 💰 ⚛ (🎏 📟 ⚛ 🔄 & 🔄). +* 💰 💽 🔗. +* 🛠️ 💂‍♂, 🤝, 🔑 📄, ♒️. +* & 📚 🎏 👜... + +🌐 👫, ⏪ 📉 📟 🔁. + +## 🥇 🔁 + +➡️ 👀 📶 🙅 🖼. ⚫️ 🔜 🙅 👈 ⚫️ 🚫 📶 ⚠, 🔜. + +✋️ 👉 🌌 👥 💪 🎯 🔛 ❔ **🔗 💉** ⚙️ 👷. + +### ✍ 🔗, ⚖️ "☑" + +➡️ 🥇 🎯 🔛 🔗. + +⚫️ 🔢 👈 💪 ✊ 🌐 🎏 🔢 👈 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 💪 ✊: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="8-11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="6-7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +👈 ⚫️. + +**2️⃣ ⏸**. + +& ⚫️ ✔️ 🎏 💠 & 📊 👈 🌐 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* ✔️. + +👆 💪 💭 ⚫️ *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 🍵 "👨‍🎨" (🍵 `@app.get("/some-path")`). + +& ⚫️ 💪 📨 🕳 👆 💚. + +👉 💼, 👉 🔗 ⌛: + +* 📦 🔢 🔢 `q` 👈 `str`. +* 📦 🔢 🔢 `skip` 👈 `int`, & 🔢 `0`. +* 📦 🔢 🔢 `limit` 👈 `int`, & 🔢 `100`. + +& ⤴️ ⚫️ 📨 `dict` ⚗ 📚 💲. + +### 🗄 `Depends` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +### 📣 🔗, "⚓️" + +🎏 🌌 👆 ⚙️ `Body`, `Query`, ♒️. ⏮️ 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 🔢, ⚙️ `Depends` ⏮️ 🆕 🔢: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="15 20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="11 16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +👐 👆 ⚙️ `Depends` 🔢 👆 🔢 🎏 🌌 👆 ⚙️ `Body`, `Query`, ♒️, `Depends` 👷 👄 🎏. + +👆 🕴 🤝 `Depends` 👁 🔢. + +👉 🔢 🔜 🕳 💖 🔢. + +& 👈 🔢 ✊ 🔢 🎏 🌌 👈 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* . + +!!! tip + 👆 🔜 👀 ⚫️❔ 🎏 "👜", ↖️ ⚪️➡️ 🔢, 💪 ⚙️ 🔗 ⏭ 📃. + +🕐❔ 🆕 📨 🛬, **FastAPI** 🔜 ✊ 💅: + +* 🤙 👆 🔗 ("☑") 🔢 ⏮️ ☑ 🔢. +* 🤚 🏁 ⚪️➡️ 👆 🔢. +* 🛠️ 👈 🏁 🔢 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*. + +```mermaid +graph TB + +common_parameters(["common_parameters"]) +read_items["/items/"] +read_users["/users/"] + +common_parameters --> read_items +common_parameters --> read_users +``` + +👉 🌌 👆 ✍ 🔗 📟 🕐 & **FastAPI** ✊ 💅 🤙 ⚫️ 👆 *➡ 🛠️*. + +!!! check + 👀 👈 👆 🚫 ✔️ ✍ 🎁 🎓 & 🚶‍♀️ ⚫️ 👱 **FastAPI** "®" ⚫️ ⚖️ 🕳 🎏. + + 👆 🚶‍♀️ ⚫️ `Depends` & **FastAPI** 💭 ❔ 🎂. + +## `async` ⚖️ 🚫 `async` + +🔗 🔜 🤙 **FastAPI** (🎏 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*), 🎏 🚫 ✔ ⏪ 🔬 👆 🔢. + +👆 💪 ⚙️ `async def` ⚖️ 😐 `def`. + +& 👆 💪 📣 🔗 ⏮️ `async def` 🔘 😐 `def` *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, ⚖️ `def` 🔗 🔘 `async def` *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, ♒️. + +⚫️ 🚫 🤔. **FastAPI** 🔜 💭 ⚫️❔. + +!!! note + 🚥 👆 🚫 💭, ✅ [🔁: *"🏃 ❓" *](../../async.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 📄 🔃 `async` & `await` 🩺. + +## 🛠️ ⏮️ 🗄 + +🌐 📨 📄, 🔬 & 📄 👆 🔗 (& 🎧-🔗) 🔜 🛠️ 🎏 🗄 🔗. + +, 🎓 🩺 🔜 ✔️ 🌐 ℹ ⚪️➡️ 👫 🔗 💁‍♂️: + + + +## 🙅 ⚙️ + +🚥 👆 👀 ⚫️, *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 📣 ⚙️ 🕐❔ *➡* & *🛠️* 🏏, & ⤴️ **FastAPI** ✊ 💅 🤙 🔢 ⏮️ ☑ 🔢, ❎ 📊 ⚪️➡️ 📨. + +🤙, 🌐 (⚖️ 🏆) 🕸 🛠️ 👷 👉 🎏 🌌. + +👆 🙅 🤙 👈 🔢 🔗. 👫 🤙 👆 🛠️ (👉 💼, **FastAPI**). + +⏮️ 🔗 💉 ⚙️, 👆 💪 💬 **FastAPI** 👈 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* "🪀" 🔛 🕳 🙆 👈 🔜 🛠️ ⏭ 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, & **FastAPI** 🔜 ✊ 💅 🛠️ ⚫️ & "💉" 🏁. + +🎏 ⚠ ⚖ 👉 🎏 💭 "🔗 💉": + +* ℹ +* 🐕‍🦺 +* 🐕‍🦺 +* 💉 +* 🦲 + +## **FastAPI** 🔌-🔌 + +🛠️ & "🔌-"Ⓜ 💪 🏗 ⚙️ **🔗 💉** ⚙️. ✋️ 👐, 📤 🤙 **🙅‍♂ 💪 ✍ "🔌-🔌"**, ⚙️ 🔗 ⚫️ 💪 📣 ♾ 🔢 🛠️ & 🔗 👈 ▶️️ 💪 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*. + +& 🔗 💪 ✍ 📶 🙅 & 🏋️ 🌌 👈 ✔ 👆 🗄 🐍 📦 👆 💪, & 🛠️ 👫 ⏮️ 👆 🛠️ 🔢 👩‍❤‍👨 ⏸ 📟, *🌖*. + +👆 🔜 👀 🖼 👉 ⏭ 📃, 🔃 🔗 & ☁ 💽, 💂‍♂, ♒️. + +## **FastAPI** 🔗 + +🦁 🔗 💉 ⚙️ ⚒ **FastAPI** 🔗 ⏮️: + +* 🌐 🔗 💽 +* ☁ 💽 +* 🔢 📦 +* 🔢 🔗 +* 🤝 & ✔ ⚙️ +* 🛠️ ⚙️ ⚖ ⚙️ +* 📨 💽 💉 ⚙️ +* ♒️. + +## 🙅 & 🏋️ + +👐 🔗 🔗 💉 ⚙️ 📶 🙅 🔬 & ⚙️, ⚫️ 📶 🏋️. + +👆 💪 🔬 🔗 👈 🔄 💪 🔬 🔗 👫. + +🔚, 🔗 🌲 🔗 🏗, & **🔗 💉** ⚙️ ✊ 💅 🔬 🌐 👉 🔗 👆 (& 👫 🎧-🔗) & 🚚 (💉) 🏁 🔠 🔁. + +🖼, ➡️ 💬 👆 ✔️ 4️⃣ 🛠️ 🔗 (*➡ 🛠️*): + +* `/items/public/` +* `/items/private/` +* `/users/{user_id}/activate` +* `/items/pro/` + +⤴️ 👆 💪 🚮 🎏 ✔ 📄 🔠 👫 ⏮️ 🔗 & 🎧-🔗: + +```mermaid +graph TB + +current_user(["current_user"]) +active_user(["active_user"]) +admin_user(["admin_user"]) +paying_user(["paying_user"]) + +public["/items/public/"] +private["/items/private/"] +activate_user["/users/{user_id}/activate"] +pro_items["/items/pro/"] + +current_user --> active_user +active_user --> admin_user +active_user --> paying_user + +current_user --> public +active_user --> private +admin_user --> activate_user +paying_user --> pro_items +``` + +## 🛠️ ⏮️ **🗄** + +🌐 👫 🔗, ⏪ 📣 👫 📄, 🚮 🔢, 🔬, ♒️. 👆 *➡ 🛠️*. + +**FastAPI** 🔜 ✊ 💅 🚮 ⚫️ 🌐 🗄 🔗, 👈 ⚫️ 🎦 🎓 🧾 ⚙️. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..454ff5129 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +# 🎧-🔗 + +👆 💪 ✍ 🔗 👈 ✔️ **🎧-🔗**. + +👫 💪 **⏬** 👆 💪 👫. + +**FastAPI** 🔜 ✊ 💅 🔬 👫. + +## 🥇 🔗 "☑" + +👆 💪 ✍ 🥇 🔗 ("☑") 💖: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="8-9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="6-7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +⚫️ 📣 📦 🔢 🔢 `q` `str`, & ⤴️ ⚫️ 📨 ⚫️. + +👉 🙅 (🚫 📶 ⚠), ✋️ 🔜 ℹ 👥 🎯 🔛 ❔ 🎧-🔗 👷. + +## 🥈 🔗, "☑" & "⚓️" + +⤴️ 👆 💪 ✍ ➕1️⃣ 🔗 🔢 ("☑") 👈 🎏 🕰 📣 🔗 🚮 👍 (⚫️ "⚓️" 💁‍♂️): + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +➡️ 🎯 🔛 🔢 📣: + +* ✋️ 👉 🔢 🔗 ("☑") ⚫️, ⚫️ 📣 ➕1️⃣ 🔗 (⚫️ "🪀" 🔛 🕳 🙆). + * ⚫️ 🪀 🔛 `query_extractor`, & 🛠️ 💲 📨 ⚫️ 🔢 `q`. +* ⚫️ 📣 📦 `last_query` 🍪, `str`. + * 🚥 👩‍💻 🚫 🚚 🙆 🔢 `q`, 👥 ⚙️ 🏁 🔢 ⚙️, ❔ 👥 🖊 🍪 ⏭. + +## ⚙️ 🔗 + +⤴️ 👥 💪 ⚙️ 🔗 ⏮️: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + 👀 👈 👥 🕴 📣 1️⃣ 🔗 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, `query_or_cookie_extractor`. + + ✋️ **FastAPI** 🔜 💭 👈 ⚫️ ✔️ ❎ `query_extractor` 🥇, 🚶‍♀️ 🏁 👈 `query_or_cookie_extractor` ⏪ 🤙 ⚫️. + +```mermaid +graph TB + +query_extractor(["query_extractor"]) +query_or_cookie_extractor(["query_or_cookie_extractor"]) + +read_query["/items/"] + +query_extractor --> query_or_cookie_extractor --> read_query +``` + +## ⚙️ 🎏 🔗 💗 🕰 + +🚥 1️⃣ 👆 🔗 📣 💗 🕰 🎏 *➡ 🛠️*, 🖼, 💗 🔗 ✔️ ⚠ 🎧-🔗, **FastAPI** 🔜 💭 🤙 👈 🎧-🔗 🕴 🕐 📍 📨. + +& ⚫️ 🔜 🖊 📨 💲 "💾" & 🚶‍♀️ ⚫️ 🌐 "⚓️" 👈 💪 ⚫️ 👈 🎯 📨, ↩️ 🤙 🔗 💗 🕰 🎏 📨. + +🏧 😐 🌐❔ 👆 💭 👆 💪 🔗 🤙 🔠 🔁 (🎲 💗 🕰) 🎏 📨 ↩️ ⚙️ "💾" 💲, 👆 💪 ⚒ 🔢 `use_cache=False` 🕐❔ ⚙️ `Depends`: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +async def needy_dependency(fresh_value: str = Depends(get_value, use_cache=False)): + return {"fresh_value": fresh_value} +``` + +## 🌃 + +↖️ ⚪️➡️ 🌐 🎀 🔤 ⚙️ 📥, **🔗 💉** ⚙️ 🙅. + +🔢 👈 👀 🎏 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*. + +✋️, ⚫️ 📶 🏋️, & ✔ 👆 📣 🎲 🙇 🐦 🔗 "📊" (🌲). + +!!! tip + 🌐 👉 💪 🚫 😑 ⚠ ⏮️ 👫 🙅 🖼. + + ✋️ 👆 🔜 👀 ❔ ⚠ ⚫️ 📃 🔃 **💂‍♂**. + + & 👆 🔜 👀 💸 📟 ⚫️ 🔜 🖊 👆. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/encoder.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/encoder.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..75ca3824d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/encoder.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +# 🎻 🔗 🔢 + +📤 💼 🌐❔ 👆 5️⃣📆 💪 🗜 💽 🆎 (💖 Pydantic 🏷) 🕳 🔗 ⏮️ 🎻 (💖 `dict`, `list`, ♒️). + +🖼, 🚥 👆 💪 🏪 ⚫️ 💽. + +👈, **FastAPI** 🚚 `jsonable_encoder()` 🔢. + +## ⚙️ `jsonable_encoder` + +➡️ 🌈 👈 👆 ✔️ 💽 `fake_db` 👈 🕴 📨 🎻 🔗 💽. + +🖼, ⚫️ 🚫 📨 `datetime` 🎚, 👈 🚫 🔗 ⏮️ 🎻. + +, `datetime` 🎚 🔜 ✔️ 🗜 `str` ⚗ 💽 💾 📁. + +🎏 🌌, 👉 💽 🚫🔜 📨 Pydantic 🏷 (🎚 ⏮️ 🔢), 🕴 `dict`. + +👆 💪 ⚙️ `jsonable_encoder` 👈. + +⚫️ 📨 🎚, 💖 Pydantic 🏷, & 📨 🎻 🔗 ⏬: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="5 22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +👉 🖼, ⚫️ 🔜 🗜 Pydantic 🏷 `dict`, & `datetime` `str`. + +🏁 🤙 ⚫️ 🕳 👈 💪 🗜 ⏮️ 🐍 🐩 `json.dumps()`. + +⚫️ 🚫 📨 ⭕ `str` ⚗ 💽 🎻 📁 (🎻). ⚫️ 📨 🐍 🐩 💽 📊 (✅ `dict`) ⏮️ 💲 & 🎧-💲 👈 🌐 🔗 ⏮️ 🎻. + +!!! note + `jsonable_encoder` 🤙 ⚙️ **FastAPI** 🔘 🗜 💽. ✋️ ⚫️ ⚠ 📚 🎏 😐. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dfdf6141b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +# ➕ 💽 🆎 + +🆙 🔜, 👆 ✔️ ⚙️ ⚠ 📊 🆎, 💖: + +* `int` +* `float` +* `str` +* `bool` + +✋️ 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🌅 🏗 📊 🆎. + +& 👆 🔜 ✔️ 🎏 ⚒ 👀 🆙 🔜: + +* 👑 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺. +* 💽 🛠️ ⚪️➡️ 📨 📨. +* 💽 🛠️ 📨 💽. +* 💽 🔬. +* 🏧 ✍ & 🧾. + +## 🎏 💽 🆎 + +📥 🌖 📊 🆎 👆 💪 ⚙️: + +* `UUID`: + * 🐩 "⭐ 😍 🆔", ⚠ 🆔 📚 💽 & ⚙️. + * 📨 & 📨 🔜 🎨 `str`. +* `datetime.datetime`: + * 🐍 `datetime.datetime`. + * 📨 & 📨 🔜 🎨 `str` 💾 8️⃣6️⃣0️⃣1️⃣ 📁, 💖: `2008-09-15T15:53:00+05:00`. +* `datetime.date`: + * 🐍 `datetime.date`. + * 📨 & 📨 🔜 🎨 `str` 💾 8️⃣6️⃣0️⃣1️⃣ 📁, 💖: `2008-09-15`. +* `datetime.time`: + * 🐍 `datetime.time`. + * 📨 & 📨 🔜 🎨 `str` 💾 8️⃣6️⃣0️⃣1️⃣ 📁, 💖: `14:23:55.003`. +* `datetime.timedelta`: + * 🐍 `datetime.timedelta`. + * 📨 & 📨 🔜 🎨 `float` 🌐 🥈. + * Pydantic ✔ 🎦 ⚫️ "💾 8️⃣6️⃣0️⃣1️⃣ 🕰 ➕ 🔢", 👀 🩺 🌅 ℹ. +* `frozenset`: + * 📨 & 📨, 😥 🎏 `set`: + * 📨, 📇 🔜 ✍, ❎ ❎ & 🏭 ⚫️ `set`. + * 📨, `set` 🔜 🗜 `list`. + * 🏗 🔗 🔜 ✔ 👈 `set` 💲 😍 (⚙️ 🎻 🔗 `uniqueItems`). +* `bytes`: + * 🐩 🐍 `bytes`. + * 📨 & 📨 🔜 😥 `str`. + * 🏗 🔗 🔜 ✔ 👈 ⚫️ `str` ⏮️ `binary` "📁". +* `Decimal`: + * 🐩 🐍 `Decimal`. + * 📨 & 📨, 🍵 🎏 `float`. +* 👆 💪 ✅ 🌐 ☑ Pydantic 📊 🆎 📥: Pydantic 📊 🆎. + +## 🖼 + +📥 🖼 *➡ 🛠️* ⏮️ 🔢 ⚙️ 🔛 🆎. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 3 12-16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 2 11-15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +🗒 👈 🔢 🔘 🔢 ✔️ 👫 🐠 💽 🆎, & 👆 💪, 🖼, 🎭 😐 📅 🎭, 💖: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="18-19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="17-18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..06c36285d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md @@ -0,0 +1,252 @@ +# ➕ 🏷 + +▶️ ⏮️ ⏮️ 🖼, ⚫️ 🔜 ⚠ ✔️ 🌅 🌘 1️⃣ 🔗 🏷. + +👉 ✴️ 💼 👩‍💻 🏷, ↩️: + +* **🔢 🏷** 💪 💪 ✔️ 🔐. +* **🔢 🏷** 🔜 🚫 ✔️ 🔐. +* **💽 🏷** 🔜 🎲 💪 ✔️ #️⃣ 🔐. + +!!! danger + 🙅 🏪 👩‍💻 🔢 🔐. 🕧 🏪 "🔐 #️⃣" 👈 👆 💪 ⤴️ ✔. + + 🚥 👆 🚫 💭, 👆 🔜 💡 ⚫️❔ "🔐#️⃣" [💂‍♂ 📃](security/simple-oauth2.md#password-hashing){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## 💗 🏷 + +📥 🏢 💭 ❔ 🏷 💪 👀 💖 ⏮️ 👫 🔐 🏑 & 🥉 🌐❔ 👫 ⚙️: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 11 16 22 24 29-30 33-35 40-41" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7 9 14 20 22 27-28 31-33 38-39" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +### 🔃 `**user_in.dict()` + +#### Pydantic `.dict()` + +`user_in` Pydantic 🏷 🎓 `UserIn`. + +Pydantic 🏷 ✔️ `.dict()` 👩‍🔬 👈 📨 `dict` ⏮️ 🏷 💽. + +, 🚥 👥 ✍ Pydantic 🎚 `user_in` 💖: + +```Python +user_in = UserIn(username="john", password="secret", email="john.doe@example.com") +``` + +& ⤴️ 👥 🤙: + +```Python +user_dict = user_in.dict() +``` + +👥 🔜 ✔️ `dict` ⏮️ 💽 🔢 `user_dict` (⚫️ `dict` ↩️ Pydantic 🏷 🎚). + +& 🚥 👥 🤙: + +```Python +print(user_dict) +``` + +👥 🔜 🤚 🐍 `dict` ⏮️: + +```Python +{ + 'username': 'john', + 'password': 'secret', + 'email': 'john.doe@example.com', + 'full_name': None, +} +``` + +#### 🎁 `dict` + +🚥 👥 ✊ `dict` 💖 `user_dict` & 🚶‍♀️ ⚫️ 🔢 (⚖️ 🎓) ⏮️ `**user_dict`, 🐍 🔜 "🎁" ⚫️. ⚫️ 🔜 🚶‍♀️ 🔑 & 💲 `user_dict` 🔗 🔑-💲 ❌. + +, ▶️ ⏮️ `user_dict` ⚪️➡️ 🔛, ✍: + +```Python +UserInDB(**user_dict) +``` + +🔜 🏁 🕳 🌓: + +```Python +UserInDB( + username="john", + password="secret", + email="john.doe@example.com", + full_name=None, +) +``` + +⚖️ 🌅 ⚫️❔, ⚙️ `user_dict` 🔗, ⏮️ ⚫️❔ 🎚 ⚫️ 💪 ✔️ 🔮: + +```Python +UserInDB( + username = user_dict["username"], + password = user_dict["password"], + email = user_dict["email"], + full_name = user_dict["full_name"], +) +``` + +#### Pydantic 🏷 ⚪️➡️ 🎚 ➕1️⃣ + +🖼 🔛 👥 🤚 `user_dict` ⚪️➡️ `user_in.dict()`, 👉 📟: + +```Python +user_dict = user_in.dict() +UserInDB(**user_dict) +``` + +🔜 🌓: + +```Python +UserInDB(**user_in.dict()) +``` + +...↩️ `user_in.dict()` `dict`, & ⤴️ 👥 ⚒ 🐍 "🎁" ⚫️ 🚶‍♀️ ⚫️ `UserInDB` 🔠 ⏮️ `**`. + +, 👥 🤚 Pydantic 🏷 ⚪️➡️ 💽 ➕1️⃣ Pydantic 🏷. + +#### 🎁 `dict` & ➕ 🇨🇻 + +& ⤴️ ❎ ➕ 🇨🇻 ❌ `hashed_password=hashed_password`, 💖: + +```Python +UserInDB(**user_in.dict(), hashed_password=hashed_password) +``` + +...🔚 🆙 💆‍♂ 💖: + +```Python +UserInDB( + username = user_dict["username"], + password = user_dict["password"], + email = user_dict["email"], + full_name = user_dict["full_name"], + hashed_password = hashed_password, +) +``` + +!!! warning + 🔗 🌖 🔢 🤖 💪 💧 💽, ✋️ 👫 ↗️ 🚫 🚚 🙆 🎰 💂‍♂. + +## 📉 ❎ + +📉 📟 ❎ 1️⃣ 🐚 💭 **FastAPI**. + +📟 ❎ 📈 🤞 🐛, 💂‍♂ ❔, 📟 🔁 ❔ (🕐❔ 👆 ℹ 1️⃣ 🥉 ✋️ 🚫 🎏), ♒️. + +& 👉 🏷 🌐 🤝 📚 💽 & ❎ 🔢 📛 & 🆎. + +👥 💪 👻. + +👥 💪 📣 `UserBase` 🏷 👈 🍦 🧢 👆 🎏 🏷. & ⤴️ 👥 💪 ⚒ 🏿 👈 🏷 👈 😖 🚮 🔢 (🆎 📄, 🔬, ♒️). + +🌐 💽 🛠️, 🔬, 🧾, ♒️. 🔜 👷 🛎. + +👈 🌌, 👥 💪 📣 🔺 🖖 🏷 (⏮️ 🔢 `password`, ⏮️ `hashed_password` & 🍵 🔐): + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 15-16 19-20 23-24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7 13-14 17-18 21-22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +## `Union` ⚖️ `anyOf` + +👆 💪 📣 📨 `Union` 2️⃣ 🆎, 👈 ⛓, 👈 📨 🔜 🙆 2️⃣. + +⚫️ 🔜 🔬 🗄 ⏮️ `anyOf`. + +👈, ⚙️ 🐩 🐍 🆎 🔑 `typing.Union`: + +!!! note + 🕐❔ ⚖ `Union`, 🔌 🏆 🎯 🆎 🥇, ⏩ 🌘 🎯 🆎. 🖼 🔛, 🌖 🎯 `PlaneItem` 👟 ⏭ `CarItem` `Union[PlaneItem, CarItem]`. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 14-15 18-20 33" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 14-15 18-20 33" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +### `Union` 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ + +👉 🖼 👥 🚶‍♀️ `Union[PlaneItem, CarItem]` 💲 ❌ `response_model`. + +↩️ 👥 🚶‍♀️ ⚫️ **💲 ❌** ↩️ 🚮 ⚫️ **🆎 ✍**, 👥 ✔️ ⚙️ `Union` 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣. + +🚥 ⚫️ 🆎 ✍ 👥 💪 ✔️ ⚙️ ⏸ ⏸,: + +```Python +some_variable: PlaneItem | CarItem +``` + +✋️ 🚥 👥 🚮 👈 `response_model=PlaneItem | CarItem` 👥 🔜 🤚 ❌, ↩️ 🐍 🔜 🔄 🎭 **❌ 🛠️** 🖖 `PlaneItem` & `CarItem` ↩️ 🔬 👈 🆎 ✍. + +## 📇 🏷 + +🎏 🌌, 👆 💪 📣 📨 📇 🎚. + +👈, ⚙️ 🐩 🐍 `typing.List` (⚖️ `list` 🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛): + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial004_py39.py!} + ``` + +## 📨 ⏮️ ❌ `dict` + +👆 💪 📣 📨 ⚙️ ✅ ❌ `dict`, 📣 🆎 🔑 & 💲, 🍵 ⚙️ Pydantic 🏷. + +👉 ⚠ 🚥 👆 🚫 💭 ☑ 🏑/🔢 📛 (👈 🔜 💪 Pydantic 🏷) ⏪. + +👉 💼, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `typing.Dict` (⚖️ `dict` 🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛): + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="6" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial005_py39.py!} + ``` + +## 🌃 + +⚙️ 💗 Pydantic 🏷 & 😖 ➡ 🔠 💼. + +👆 🚫 💪 ✔️ 👁 💽 🏷 📍 👨‍💼 🚥 👈 👨‍💼 🔜 💪 ✔️ 🎏 "🇵🇸". 💼 ⏮️ 👩‍💻 "👨‍💼" ⏮️ 🇵🇸 ✅ `password`, `password_hash` & 🙅‍♂ 🔐. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..252e769f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md @@ -0,0 +1,333 @@ +# 🥇 🔁 + +🙅 FastAPI 📁 💪 👀 💖 👉: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +📁 👈 📁 `main.py`. + +🏃 🖖 💽: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +!!! note + 📋 `uvicorn main:app` 🔗: + + * `main`: 📁 `main.py` (🐍 "🕹"). + * `app`: 🎚 ✍ 🔘 `main.py` ⏮️ ⏸ `app = FastAPI()`. + * `--reload`: ⚒ 💽 ⏏ ⏮️ 📟 🔀. 🕴 ⚙️ 🛠️. + +🔢, 📤 ⏸ ⏮️ 🕳 💖: + +```hl_lines="4" +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +👈 ⏸ 🎦 📛 🌐❔ 👆 📱 ➖ 🍦, 👆 🇧🇿 🎰. + +### ✅ ⚫️ + +📂 👆 🖥 http://127.0.0.1:8000. + +👆 🔜 👀 🎻 📨: + +```JSON +{"message": "Hello World"} +``` + +### 🎓 🛠️ 🩺 + +🔜 🚶 http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +👆 🔜 👀 🏧 🎓 🛠️ 🧾 (🚚 🦁 🎚): + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +### 🎛 🛠️ 🩺 + +& 🔜, 🚶 http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. + +👆 🔜 👀 🎛 🏧 🧾 (🚚 📄): + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +### 🗄 + +**FastAPI** 🏗 "🔗" ⏮️ 🌐 👆 🛠️ ⚙️ **🗄** 🐩 ⚖ 🔗. + +#### "🔗" + +"🔗" 🔑 ⚖️ 📛 🕳. 🚫 📟 👈 🛠️ ⚫️, ✋️ 📝 📛. + +#### 🛠️ "🔗" + +👉 💼, 🗄 🔧 👈 🤔 ❔ 🔬 🔗 👆 🛠️. + +👉 🔗 🔑 🔌 👆 🛠️ ➡, 💪 🔢 👫 ✊, ♒️. + +#### 💽 "🔗" + +⚖ "🔗" 💪 🔗 💠 💽, 💖 🎻 🎚. + +👈 💼, ⚫️ 🔜 ⛓ 🎻 🔢, & 📊 🆎 👫 ✔️, ♒️. + +#### 🗄 & 🎻 🔗 + +🗄 🔬 🛠️ 🔗 👆 🛠️. & 👈 🔗 🔌 🔑 (⚖️ "🔗") 📊 📨 & 📨 👆 🛠️ ⚙️ **🎻 🔗**, 🐩 🎻 📊 🔗. + +#### ✅ `openapi.json` + +🚥 👆 😟 🔃 ❔ 🍣 🗄 🔗 👀 💖, FastAPI 🔁 🏗 🎻 (🔗) ⏮️ 📛 🌐 👆 🛠️. + +👆 💪 👀 ⚫️ 🔗: http://127.0.0.1:8000/openapi.json. + +⚫️ 🔜 🎦 🎻 ▶️ ⏮️ 🕳 💖: + +```JSON +{ + "openapi": "3.0.2", + "info": { + "title": "FastAPI", + "version": "0.1.0" + }, + "paths": { + "/items/": { + "get": { + "responses": { + "200": { + "description": "Successful Response", + "content": { + "application/json": { + + + +... +``` + +#### ⚫️❔ 🗄 + +🗄 🔗 ⚫️❔ 🏋️ 2️⃣ 🎓 🧾 ⚙️ 🔌. + +& 📤 💯 🎛, 🌐 ⚓️ 🔛 🗄. 👆 💪 💪 🚮 🙆 📚 🎛 👆 🈸 🏗 ⏮️ **FastAPI**. + +👆 💪 ⚙️ ⚫️ 🏗 📟 🔁, 👩‍💻 👈 🔗 ⏮️ 👆 🛠️. 🖼, 🕸, 📱 ⚖️ ☁ 🈸. + +## 🌃, 🔁 🔁 + +### 🔁 1️⃣: 🗄 `FastAPI` + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`FastAPI` 🐍 🎓 👈 🚚 🌐 🛠️ 👆 🛠️. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + `FastAPI` 🎓 👈 😖 🔗 ⚪️➡️ `Starlette`. + + 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🌐 💃 🛠️ ⏮️ `FastAPI` 💁‍♂️. + +### 🔁 2️⃣: ✍ `FastAPI` "👐" + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +📥 `app` 🔢 🔜 "👐" 🎓 `FastAPI`. + +👉 🔜 👑 ☝ 🔗 ✍ 🌐 👆 🛠️. + +👉 `app` 🎏 1️⃣ 🔗 `uvicorn` 📋: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +🚥 👆 ✍ 👆 📱 💖: + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +& 🚮 ⚫️ 📁 `main.py`, ⤴️ 👆 🔜 🤙 `uvicorn` 💖: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:my_awesome_api --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +### 🔁 3️⃣: ✍ *➡ 🛠️* + +#### ➡ + +"➡" 📥 🔗 🏁 🍕 📛 ▶️ ⚪️➡️ 🥇 `/`. + +, 📛 💖: + +``` +https://example.com/items/foo +``` + +...➡ 🔜: + +``` +/items/foo +``` + +!!! info + "➡" 🛎 🤙 "🔗" ⚖️ "🛣". + +⏪ 🏗 🛠️, "➡" 👑 🌌 🎏 "⚠" & "ℹ". + +#### 🛠️ + +"🛠️" 📥 🔗 1️⃣ 🇺🇸🔍 "👩‍🔬". + +1️⃣: + +* `POST` +* `GET` +* `PUT` +* `DELETE` + +...& 🌅 😍 🕐: + +* `OPTIONS` +* `HEAD` +* `PATCH` +* `TRACE` + +🇺🇸🔍 🛠️, 👆 💪 🔗 🔠 ➡ ⚙️ 1️⃣ (⚖️ 🌅) 👫 "👩‍🔬". + +--- + +🕐❔ 🏗 🔗, 👆 🛎 ⚙️ 👫 🎯 🇺🇸🔍 👩‍🔬 🎭 🎯 🎯. + +🛎 👆 ⚙️: + +* `POST`: ✍ 💽. +* `GET`: ✍ 💽. +* `PUT`: ℹ 💽. +* `DELETE`: ❎ 💽. + +, 🗄, 🔠 🇺🇸🔍 👩‍🔬 🤙 "🛠️". + +👥 🔜 🤙 👫 "**🛠️**" 💁‍♂️. + +#### 🔬 *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨* + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`@app.get("/")` 💬 **FastAPI** 👈 🔢 ▶️️ 🔛 🈚 🚚 📨 👈 🚶: + +* ➡ `/` +* ⚙️ get 🛠️ + +!!! info "`@decorator` ℹ" + 👈 `@something` ❕ 🐍 🤙 "👨‍🎨". + + 👆 🚮 ⚫️ 🔛 🔝 🔢. 💖 📶 📔 👒 (👤 💭 👈 🌐❔ ⚖ 👟 ⚪️➡️). + + "👨‍🎨" ✊ 🔢 🔛 & 🔨 🕳 ⏮️ ⚫️. + + 👆 💼, 👉 👨‍🎨 💬 **FastAPI** 👈 🔢 🔛 🔗 **➡** `/` ⏮️ **🛠️** `get`. + + ⚫️ "**➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨**". + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 🎏 🛠️: + +* `@app.post()` +* `@app.put()` +* `@app.delete()` + +& 🌅 😍 🕐: + +* `@app.options()` +* `@app.head()` +* `@app.patch()` +* `@app.trace()` + +!!! tip + 👆 🆓 ⚙️ 🔠 🛠️ (🇺🇸🔍 👩‍🔬) 👆 🎋. + + **FastAPI** 🚫 🛠️ 🙆 🎯 🔑. + + ℹ 📥 🎁 📄, 🚫 📄. + + 🖼, 🕐❔ ⚙️ 🕹 👆 🛎 🎭 🌐 🎯 ⚙️ 🕴 `POST` 🛠️. + +### 🔁 4️⃣: 🔬 **➡ 🛠️ 🔢** + +👉 👆 "**➡ 🛠️ 🔢**": + +* **➡**: `/`. +* **🛠️**: `get`. +* **🔢**: 🔢 🔛 "👨‍🎨" (🔛 `@app.get("/")`). + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +👉 🐍 🔢. + +⚫️ 🔜 🤙 **FastAPI** 🕐❔ ⚫️ 📨 📨 📛 "`/`" ⚙️ `GET` 🛠️. + +👉 💼, ⚫️ `async` 🔢. + +--- + +👆 💪 🔬 ⚫️ 😐 🔢 ↩️ `async def`: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +!!! note + 🚥 👆 🚫 💭 🔺, ✅ [🔁: *"🏃 ❓"*](../async.md#in-a-hurry){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +### 🔁 5️⃣: 📨 🎚 + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +👆 💪 📨 `dict`, `list`, ⭐ 💲 `str`, `int`, ♒️. + +👆 💪 📨 Pydantic 🏷 (👆 🔜 👀 🌅 🔃 👈 ⏪). + +📤 📚 🎏 🎚 & 🏷 👈 🔜 🔁 🗜 🎻 (🔌 🐜, ♒️). 🔄 ⚙️ 👆 💕 🕐, ⚫️ 🏆 🎲 👈 👫 ⏪ 🐕‍🦺. + +## 🌃 + +* 🗄 `FastAPI`. +* ✍ `app` 👐. +* ✍ **➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨** (💖 `@app.get("/")`). +* ✍ **➡ 🛠️ 🔢** (💖 `def root(): ...` 🔛). +* 🏃 🛠️ 💽 (💖 `uvicorn main:app --reload`). diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ef7bbfa65 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md @@ -0,0 +1,261 @@ +# 🚚 ❌ + +📤 📚 ⚠ 🌐❔ 👆 💪 🚨 ❌ 👩‍💻 👈 ⚙️ 👆 🛠️. + +👉 👩‍💻 💪 🖥 ⏮️ 🕸, 📟 ⚪️➡️ 👱 🙆, ☁ 📳, ♒️. + +👆 💪 💪 💬 👩‍💻 👈: + +* 👩‍💻 🚫 ✔️ 🥃 😌 👈 🛠️. +* 👩‍💻 🚫 ✔️ 🔐 👈 ℹ. +* 🏬 👩‍💻 🔄 🔐 🚫 🔀. +* ♒️. + +👫 💼, 👆 🔜 🛎 📨 **🇺🇸🔍 👔 📟** ↔ **4️⃣0️⃣0️⃣** (⚪️➡️ 4️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ 4️⃣9️⃣9️⃣). + +👉 🎏 2️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ 🇺🇸🔍 👔 📟 (⚪️➡️ 2️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ 2️⃣9️⃣9️⃣). 👈 "2️⃣0️⃣0️⃣" 👔 📟 ⛓ 👈 😫 📤 "🏆" 📨. + +👔 📟 4️⃣0️⃣0️⃣ ↔ ⛓ 👈 📤 ❌ ⚪️➡️ 👩‍💻. + +💭 🌐 👈 **"4️⃣0️⃣4️⃣ 🚫 🔎"** ❌ (& 🤣) ❓ + +## ⚙️ `HTTPException` + +📨 🇺🇸🔍 📨 ⏮️ ❌ 👩‍💻 👆 ⚙️ `HTTPException`. + +### 🗄 `HTTPException` + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### 🤚 `HTTPException` 👆 📟 + +`HTTPException` 😐 🐍 ⚠ ⏮️ 🌖 📊 🔗 🔗. + +↩️ ⚫️ 🐍 ⚠, 👆 🚫 `return` ⚫️, 👆 `raise` ⚫️. + +👉 ⛓ 👈 🚥 👆 🔘 🚙 🔢 👈 👆 🤙 🔘 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, & 👆 🤚 `HTTPException` ⚪️➡️ 🔘 👈 🚙 🔢, ⚫️ 🏆 🚫 🏃 🎂 📟 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, ⚫️ 🔜 ❎ 👈 📨 ▶️️ ↖️ & 📨 🇺🇸🔍 ❌ ⚪️➡️ `HTTPException` 👩‍💻. + +💰 🙋‍♀ ⚠ 🤭 `return`😅 💲 🔜 🌖 ⭐ 📄 🔃 🔗 & 💂‍♂. + +👉 🖼, 🕐❔ 👩‍💻 📨 🏬 🆔 👈 🚫 🔀, 🤚 ⚠ ⏮️ 👔 📟 `404`: + +```Python hl_lines="11" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### 📉 📨 + +🚥 👩‍💻 📨 `http://example.com/items/foo` ( `item_id` `"foo"`), 👈 👩‍💻 🔜 📨 🇺🇸🔍 👔 📟 2️⃣0️⃣0️⃣, & 🎻 📨: + +```JSON +{ + "item": "The Foo Wrestlers" +} +``` + +✋️ 🚥 👩‍💻 📨 `http://example.com/items/bar` (🚫-🚫 `item_id` `"bar"`), 👈 👩‍💻 🔜 📨 🇺🇸🔍 👔 📟 4️⃣0️⃣4️⃣ ("🚫 🔎" ❌), & 🎻 📨: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": "Item not found" +} +``` + +!!! tip + 🕐❔ 🙋‍♀ `HTTPException`, 👆 💪 🚶‍♀️ 🙆 💲 👈 💪 🗜 🎻 🔢 `detail`, 🚫 🕴 `str`. + + 👆 💪 🚶‍♀️ `dict`, `list`, ♒️. + + 👫 🍵 🔁 **FastAPI** & 🗜 🎻. + +## 🚮 🛃 🎚 + +📤 ⚠ 🌐❔ ⚫️ ⚠ 💪 🚮 🛃 🎚 🇺🇸🔍 ❌. 🖼, 🆎 💂‍♂. + +👆 🎲 🏆 🚫 💪 ⚙️ ⚫️ 🔗 👆 📟. + +✋️ 💼 👆 💪 ⚫️ 🏧 😐, 👆 💪 🚮 🛃 🎚: + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## ❎ 🛃 ⚠ 🐕‍🦺 + +👆 💪 🚮 🛃 ⚠ 🐕‍🦺 ⏮️ 🎏 ⚠ 🚙 ⚪️➡️ 💃. + +➡️ 💬 👆 ✔️ 🛃 ⚠ `UnicornException` 👈 👆 (⚖️ 🗃 👆 ⚙️) 💪 `raise`. + +& 👆 💚 🍵 👉 ⚠ 🌐 ⏮️ FastAPI. + +👆 💪 🚮 🛃 ⚠ 🐕‍🦺 ⏮️ `@app.exception_handler()`: + +```Python hl_lines="5-7 13-18 24" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +📥, 🚥 👆 📨 `/unicorns/yolo`, *➡ 🛠️* 🔜 `raise` `UnicornException`. + +✋️ ⚫️ 🔜 🍵 `unicorn_exception_handler`. + +, 👆 🔜 📨 🧹 ❌, ⏮️ 🇺🇸🔍 👔 📟 `418` & 🎻 🎚: + +```JSON +{"message": "Oops! yolo did something. There goes a rainbow..."} +``` + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette.requests import Request` & `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`. + + **FastAPI** 🚚 🎏 `starlette.responses` `fastapi.responses` 🏪 👆, 👩‍💻. ✋️ 🌅 💪 📨 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃. 🎏 ⏮️ `Request`. + +## 🔐 🔢 ⚠ 🐕‍🦺 + +**FastAPI** ✔️ 🔢 ⚠ 🐕‍🦺. + +👫 🐕‍🦺 🈚 🛬 🔢 🎻 📨 🕐❔ 👆 `raise` `HTTPException` & 🕐❔ 📨 ✔️ ❌ 💽. + +👆 💪 🔐 👫 ⚠ 🐕‍🦺 ⏮️ 👆 👍. + +### 🔐 📨 🔬 ⚠ + +🕐❔ 📨 🔌 ❌ 📊, **FastAPI** 🔘 🤚 `RequestValidationError`. + +& ⚫️ 🔌 🔢 ⚠ 🐕‍🦺 ⚫️. + +🔐 ⚫️, 🗄 `RequestValidationError` & ⚙️ ⚫️ ⏮️ `@app.exception_handler(RequestValidationError)` 🎀 ⚠ 🐕‍🦺. + +⚠ 🐕‍🦺 🔜 📨 `Request` & ⚠. + +```Python hl_lines="2 14-16" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +🔜, 🚥 👆 🚶 `/items/foo`, ↩️ 💆‍♂ 🔢 🎻 ❌ ⏮️: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "path", + "item_id" + ], + "msg": "value is not a valid integer", + "type": "type_error.integer" + } + ] +} +``` + +👆 🔜 🤚 ✍ ⏬, ⏮️: + +``` +1 validation error +path -> item_id + value is not a valid integer (type=type_error.integer) +``` + +#### `RequestValidationError` 🆚 `ValidationError` + +!!! warning + 👫 📡 ℹ 👈 👆 💪 🚶 🚥 ⚫️ 🚫 ⚠ 👆 🔜. + +`RequestValidationError` 🎧-🎓 Pydantic `ValidationError`. + +**FastAPI** ⚙️ ⚫️ 👈, 🚥 👆 ⚙️ Pydantic 🏷 `response_model`, & 👆 💽 ✔️ ❌, 👆 🔜 👀 ❌ 👆 🕹. + +✋️ 👩‍💻/👩‍💻 🔜 🚫 👀 ⚫️. ↩️, 👩‍💻 🔜 📨 "🔗 💽 ❌" ⏮️ 🇺🇸🔍 👔 📟 `500`. + +⚫️ 🔜 👉 🌌 ↩️ 🚥 👆 ✔️ Pydantic `ValidationError` 👆 *📨* ⚖️ 🙆 👆 📟 (🚫 👩‍💻 *📨*), ⚫️ 🤙 🐛 👆 📟. + +& ⏪ 👆 🔧 ⚫️, 👆 👩‍💻/👩‍💻 🚫🔜 🚫 ✔️ 🔐 🔗 ℹ 🔃 ❌, 👈 💪 🎦 💂‍♂ ⚠. + +### 🔐 `HTTPException` ❌ 🐕‍🦺 + +🎏 🌌, 👆 💪 🔐 `HTTPException` 🐕‍🦺. + +🖼, 👆 💪 💚 📨 ✅ ✍ 📨 ↩️ 🎻 👫 ❌: + +```Python hl_lines="3-4 9-11 22" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse`. + + **FastAPI** 🚚 🎏 `starlette.responses` `fastapi.responses` 🏪 👆, 👩‍💻. ✋️ 🌅 💪 📨 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃. + +### ⚙️ `RequestValidationError` 💪 + +`RequestValidationError` 🔌 `body` ⚫️ 📨 ⏮️ ❌ 💽. + +👆 💪 ⚙️ ⚫️ ⏪ 🛠️ 👆 📱 🕹 💪 & ℹ ⚫️, 📨 ⚫️ 👩‍💻, ♒️. + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +🔜 🔄 📨 ❌ 🏬 💖: + +```JSON +{ + "title": "towel", + "size": "XL" +} +``` + +👆 🔜 📨 📨 💬 👆 👈 💽 ❌ ⚗ 📨 💪: + +```JSON hl_lines="12-15" +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "body", + "size" + ], + "msg": "value is not a valid integer", + "type": "type_error.integer" + } + ], + "body": { + "title": "towel", + "size": "XL" + } +} +``` + +#### FastAPI `HTTPException` 🆚 💃 `HTTPException` + +**FastAPI** ✔️ 🚮 👍 `HTTPException`. + +& **FastAPI**'Ⓜ `HTTPException` ❌ 🎓 😖 ⚪️➡️ 💃 `HTTPException` ❌ 🎓. + +🕴 🔺, 👈 **FastAPI**'Ⓜ `HTTPException` ✔ 👆 🚮 🎚 🔌 📨. + +👉 💪/⚙️ 🔘 ✳ 2️⃣.0️⃣ & 💂‍♂ 🚙. + +, 👆 💪 🚧 🙋‍♀ **FastAPI**'Ⓜ `HTTPException` 🛎 👆 📟. + +✋️ 🕐❔ 👆 ® ⚠ 🐕‍🦺, 👆 🔜 ® ⚫️ 💃 `HTTPException`. + +👉 🌌, 🚥 🙆 🍕 💃 🔗 📟, ⚖️ 💃 ↔ ⚖️ 🔌 -, 🤚 💃 `HTTPException`, 👆 🐕‍🦺 🔜 💪 ✊ & 🍵 ⚫️. + +👉 🖼, 💪 ✔️ 👯‍♂️ `HTTPException`Ⓜ 🎏 📟, 💃 ⚠ 📁 `StarletteHTTPException`: + +```Python +from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException as StarletteHTTPException +``` + +### 🏤-⚙️ **FastAPI**'Ⓜ ⚠ 🐕‍🦺 + +🚥 👆 💚 ⚙️ ⚠ ⤴️ ⏮️ 🎏 🔢 ⚠ 🐕‍🦺 ⚪️➡️ **FastAPI**, 👆 💪 🗄 & 🏤-⚙️ 🔢 ⚠ 🐕‍🦺 ⚪️➡️ `fastapi.exception_handlers`: + +```Python hl_lines="2-5 15 21" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +👉 🖼 👆 `print`😅 ❌ ⏮️ 📶 🎨 📧, ✋️ 👆 🤚 💭. 👆 💪 ⚙️ ⚠ & ⤴️ 🏤-⚙️ 🔢 ⚠ 🐕‍🦺. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/header-params.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/header-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0f33a1774 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/header-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +# 🎚 🔢 + +👆 💪 🔬 🎚 🔢 🎏 🌌 👆 🔬 `Query`, `Path` & `Cookie` 🔢. + +## 🗄 `Header` + +🥇 🗄 `Header`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +## 📣 `Header` 🔢 + +⤴️ 📣 🎚 🔢 ⚙️ 🎏 📊 ⏮️ `Path`, `Query` & `Cookie`. + +🥇 💲 🔢 💲, 👆 💪 🚶‍♀️ 🌐 ➕ 🔬 ⚖️ ✍ 🔢: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + `Header` "👭" 🎓 `Path`, `Query` & `Cookie`. ⚫️ 😖 ⚪️➡️ 🎏 ⚠ `Param` 🎓. + + ✋️ 💭 👈 🕐❔ 👆 🗄 `Query`, `Path`, `Header`, & 🎏 ⚪️➡️ `fastapi`, 👈 🤙 🔢 👈 📨 🎁 🎓. + +!!! info + 📣 🎚, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `Header`, ↩️ ⏪ 🔢 🔜 🔬 🔢 🔢. + +## 🏧 🛠️ + +`Header` ✔️ 🐥 ➕ 🛠️ 🔛 🔝 ⚫️❔ `Path`, `Query` & `Cookie` 🚚. + +🌅 🐩 🎚 🎏 "🔠" 🦹, 💭 "➖ 🔣" (`-`). + +✋️ 🔢 💖 `user-agent` ❌ 🐍. + +, 🔢, `Header` 🔜 🗜 🔢 📛 🦹 ⚪️➡️ 🎦 (`_`) 🔠 (`-`) ⚗ & 📄 🎚. + +, 🇺🇸🔍 🎚 💼-😛,, 👆 💪 📣 👫 ⏮️ 🐩 🐍 👗 (💭 "🔡"). + +, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `user_agent` 👆 🛎 🔜 🐍 📟, ↩️ 💆‍♂ 🎯 🥇 🔤 `User_Agent` ⚖️ 🕳 🎏. + +🚥 🤔 👆 💪 ❎ 🏧 🛠️ 🎦 🔠, ⚒ 🔢 `convert_underscores` `Header` `False`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! warning + ⏭ ⚒ `convert_underscores` `False`, 🐻 🤯 👈 🇺🇸🔍 🗳 & 💽 / ⚙️ 🎚 ⏮️ 🎦. + +## ❎ 🎚 + +⚫️ 💪 📨 ❎ 🎚. 👈 ⛓, 🎏 🎚 ⏮️ 💗 💲. + +👆 💪 🔬 👈 💼 ⚙️ 📇 🆎 📄. + +👆 🔜 📨 🌐 💲 ⚪️➡️ ❎ 🎚 🐍 `list`. + +🖼, 📣 🎚 `X-Token` 👈 💪 😑 🌅 🌘 🕐, 👆 💪 ✍: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +🚥 👆 🔗 ⏮️ 👈 *➡ 🛠️* 📨 2️⃣ 🇺🇸🔍 🎚 💖: + +``` +X-Token: foo +X-Token: bar +``` + +📨 🔜 💖: + +```JSON +{ + "X-Token values": [ + "bar", + "foo" + ] +} +``` + +## 🌃 + +📣 🎚 ⏮️ `Header`, ⚙️ 🎏 ⚠ ⚓ `Query`, `Path` & `Cookie`. + +& 🚫 😟 🔃 🎦 👆 🔢, **FastAPI** 🔜 ✊ 💅 🏭 👫. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..26b4c1913 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +# 🔰 - 👩‍💻 🦮 + +👉 🔰 🎦 👆 ❔ ⚙️ **FastAPI** ⏮️ 🌅 🚮 ⚒, 🔁 🔁. + +🔠 📄 📉 🏗 🔛 ⏮️ 🕐, ✋️ ⚫️ 🏗 🎏 ❔, 👈 👆 💪 🚶 🔗 🙆 🎯 1️⃣ ❎ 👆 🎯 🛠️ 💪. + +⚫️ 🏗 👷 🔮 🔗. + +👆 💪 👟 🔙 & 👀 ⚫️❔ ⚫️❔ 👆 💪. + +## 🏃 📟 + +🌐 📟 🍫 💪 📁 & ⚙️ 🔗 (👫 🤙 💯 🐍 📁). + +🏃 🙆 🖼, 📁 📟 📁 `main.py`, & ▶️ `uvicorn` ⏮️: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +⚫️ **🏆 💡** 👈 👆 ✍ ⚖️ 📁 📟, ✍ ⚫️ & 🏃 ⚫️ 🌐. + +⚙️ ⚫️ 👆 👨‍🎨 ⚫️❔ 🤙 🎦 👆 💰 FastAPI, 👀 ❔ 🐥 📟 👆 ✔️ ✍, 🌐 🆎 ✅, ✍, ♒️. + +--- + +## ❎ FastAPI + +🥇 🔁 ❎ FastAPI. + +🔰, 👆 💪 💚 ❎ ⚫️ ⏮️ 🌐 📦 🔗 & ⚒: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +...👈 🔌 `uvicorn`, 👈 👆 💪 ⚙️ 💽 👈 🏃 👆 📟. + +!!! note + 👆 💪 ❎ ⚫️ 🍕 🍕. + + 👉 ⚫️❔ 👆 🔜 🎲 🕐 👆 💚 🛠️ 👆 🈸 🏭: + + ``` + pip install fastapi + ``` + + ❎ `uvicorn` 👷 💽: + + ``` + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + ``` + + & 🎏 🔠 📦 🔗 👈 👆 💚 ⚙️. + +## 🏧 👩‍💻 🦮 + +📤 **🏧 👩‍💻 🦮** 👈 👆 💪 ✍ ⏪ ⏮️ 👉 **🔰 - 👩‍💻 🦮**. + +**🏧 👩‍💻 🦮**, 🏗 🔛 👉, ⚙️ 🎏 🔧, & 💡 👆 ➕ ⚒. + +✋️ 👆 🔜 🥇 ✍ **🔰 - 👩‍💻 🦮** (⚫️❔ 👆 👂 ▶️️ 🔜). + +⚫️ 🔧 👈 👆 💪 🏗 🏁 🈸 ⏮️ **🔰 - 👩‍💻 🦮**, & ⤴️ ↔ ⚫️ 🎏 🌌, ⚓️ 🔛 👆 💪, ⚙️ 🌖 💭 ⚪️➡️ **🏧 👩‍💻 🦮**. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/metadata.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/metadata.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..00098cdf5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/metadata.md @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +# 🗃 & 🩺 📛 + +👆 💪 🛃 📚 🗃 📳 👆 **FastAPI** 🈸. + +## 🗃 🛠️ + +👆 💪 ⚒ 📄 🏑 👈 ⚙️ 🗄 🔧 & 🏧 🛠️ 🩺 ⚜: + +| 🔢 | 🆎 | 📛 | +|------------|------|-------------| +| `title` | `str` | 📛 🛠️. | +| `description` | `str` | 📏 📛 🛠️. ⚫️ 💪 ⚙️ ✍. | +| `version` | `string` | ⏬ 🛠️. 👉 ⏬ 👆 👍 🈸, 🚫 🗄. 🖼 `2.5.0`. | +| `terms_of_service` | `str` | 📛 ⚖ 🐕‍🦺 🛠️. 🚥 🚚, 👉 ✔️ 📛. | +| `contact` | `dict` | 📧 ℹ 🎦 🛠️. ⚫️ 💪 🔌 📚 🏑.
contact 🏑
🔢🆎📛
namestr⚖ 📛 📧 👨‍💼/🏢.
urlstr📛 ☝ 📧 ℹ. 🔜 📁 📛.
emailstr📧 📢 📧 👨‍💼/🏢. 🔜 📁 📧 📢.
| +| `license_info` | `dict` | 🛂 ℹ 🎦 🛠️. ⚫️ 💪 🔌 📚 🏑.
license_info 🏑
🔢🆎📛
namestr🚚 (🚥 license_info ⚒). 🛂 📛 ⚙️ 🛠️.
urlstr📛 🛂 ⚙️ 🛠️. 🔜 📁 📛.
| + +👆 💪 ⚒ 👫 ⏩: + +```Python hl_lines="3-16 19-31" +{!../../../docs_src/metadata/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 👆 💪 ✍ ✍ `description` 🏑 & ⚫️ 🔜 ✍ 🔢. + +⏮️ 👉 📳, 🏧 🛠️ 🩺 🔜 👀 💖: + + + +## 🗃 🔖 + +👆 💪 🚮 🌖 🗃 🎏 🔖 ⚙️ 👪 👆 ➡ 🛠️ ⏮️ 🔢 `openapi_tags`. + +⚫️ ✊ 📇 ⚗ 1️⃣ 📖 🔠 🔖. + +🔠 📖 💪 🔌: + +* `name` (**✔**): `str` ⏮️ 🎏 📛 👆 ⚙️ `tags` 🔢 👆 *➡ 🛠️* & `APIRouter`Ⓜ. +* `description`: `str` ⏮️ 📏 📛 🔖. ⚫️ 💪 ✔️ ✍ & 🔜 🎦 🩺 🎚. +* `externalDocs`: `dict` 🔬 🔢 🧾 ⏮️: + * `description`: `str` ⏮️ 📏 📛 🔢 🩺. + * `url` (**✔**): `str` ⏮️ 📛 🔢 🧾. + +### ✍ 🗃 🔖 + +➡️ 🔄 👈 🖼 ⏮️ 🔖 `users` & `items`. + +✍ 🗃 👆 🔖 & 🚶‍♀️ ⚫️ `openapi_tags` 🔢: + +```Python hl_lines="3-16 18" +{!../../../docs_src/metadata/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +👀 👈 👆 💪 ⚙️ ✍ 🔘 📛, 🖼 "💳" 🔜 🎦 🦁 (**💳**) & "🎀" 🔜 🎦 ❕ (_🎀_). + +!!! tip + 👆 🚫 ✔️ 🚮 🗃 🌐 🔖 👈 👆 ⚙️. + +### ⚙️ 👆 🔖 + +⚙️ `tags` 🔢 ⏮️ 👆 *➡ 🛠️* (& `APIRouter`Ⓜ) 🛠️ 👫 🎏 🔖: + +```Python hl_lines="21 26" +{!../../../docs_src/metadata/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +!!! info + ✍ 🌅 🔃 🔖 [➡ 🛠️ 📳](../path-operation-configuration/#tags){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +### ✅ 🩺 + +🔜, 🚥 👆 ✅ 🩺, 👫 🔜 🎦 🌐 🌖 🗃: + + + +### ✔ 🔖 + +✔ 🔠 🔖 🗃 📖 🔬 ✔ 🎦 🩺 🎚. + +🖼, ✋️ `users` 🔜 🚶 ⏮️ `items` 🔤 ✔, ⚫️ 🎦 ⏭ 👫, ↩️ 👥 🚮 👫 🗃 🥇 📖 📇. + +## 🗄 📛 + +🔢, 🗄 🔗 🍦 `/openapi.json`. + +✋️ 👆 💪 🔗 ⚫️ ⏮️ 🔢 `openapi_url`. + +🖼, ⚒ ⚫️ 🍦 `/api/v1/openapi.json`: + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/metadata/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +🚥 👆 💚 ❎ 🗄 🔗 🍕 👆 💪 ⚒ `openapi_url=None`, 👈 🔜 ❎ 🧾 👩‍💻 🔢 👈 ⚙️ ⚫️. + +## 🩺 📛 + +👆 💪 🔗 2️⃣ 🧾 👩‍💻 🔢 🔌: + +* **🦁 🎚**: 🍦 `/docs`. + * 👆 💪 ⚒ 🚮 📛 ⏮️ 🔢 `docs_url`. + * 👆 💪 ❎ ⚫️ ⚒ `docs_url=None`. +* **📄**: 🍦 `/redoc`. + * 👆 💪 ⚒ 🚮 📛 ⏮️ 🔢 `redoc_url`. + * 👆 💪 ❎ ⚫️ ⚒ `redoc_url=None`. + +🖼, ⚒ 🦁 🎚 🍦 `/documentation` & ❎ 📄: + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/metadata/tutorial003.py!} +``` diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/middleware.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/middleware.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..644b4690c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/middleware.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +# 🛠️ + +👆 💪 🚮 🛠️ **FastAPI** 🈸. + +"🛠️" 🔢 👈 👷 ⏮️ 🔠 **📨** ⏭ ⚫️ 🛠️ 🙆 🎯 *➡ 🛠️*. & ⏮️ 🔠 **📨** ⏭ 🛬 ⚫️. + +* ⚫️ ✊ 🔠 **📨** 👈 👟 👆 🈸. +* ⚫️ 💪 ⤴️ 🕳 👈 **📨** ⚖️ 🏃 🙆 💪 📟. +* ⤴️ ⚫️ 🚶‍♀️ **📨** 🛠️ 🎂 🈸 ( *➡ 🛠️*). +* ⚫️ ⤴️ ✊ **📨** 🏗 🈸 ( *➡ 🛠️*). +* ⚫️ 💪 🕳 👈 **📨** ⚖️ 🏃 🙆 💪 📟. +* ⤴️ ⚫️ 📨 **📨**. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 🚥 👆 ✔️ 🔗 ⏮️ `yield`, 🚪 📟 🔜 🏃 *⏮️* 🛠️. + + 🚥 📤 🙆 🖥 📋 (📄 ⏪), 👫 🔜 🏃 *⏮️* 🌐 🛠️. + +## ✍ 🛠️ + +✍ 🛠️ 👆 ⚙️ 👨‍🎨 `@app.middleware("http")` 🔛 🔝 🔢. + +🛠️ 🔢 📨: + +* `request`. +* 🔢 `call_next` 👈 🔜 📨 `request` 🔢. + * 👉 🔢 🔜 🚶‍♀️ `request` 🔗 *➡ 🛠️*. + * ⤴️ ⚫️ 📨 `response` 🏗 🔗 *➡ 🛠️*. +* 👆 💪 ⤴️ 🔀 🌅 `response` ⏭ 🛬 ⚫️. + +```Python hl_lines="8-9 11 14" +{!../../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + ✔️ 🤯 👈 🛃 © 🎚 💪 🚮 ⚙️ '✖-' 🔡. + + ✋️ 🚥 👆 ✔️ 🛃 🎚 👈 👆 💚 👩‍💻 🖥 💪 👀, 👆 💪 🚮 👫 👆 ⚜ 📳 ([⚜ (✖️-🇨🇳 ℹ 🤝)](cors.md){.internal-link target=_blank}) ⚙️ 🔢 `expose_headers` 📄 💃 ⚜ 🩺. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette.requests import Request`. + + **FastAPI** 🚚 ⚫️ 🏪 👆, 👩‍💻. ✋️ ⚫️ 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃. + +### ⏭ & ⏮️ `response` + +👆 💪 🚮 📟 🏃 ⏮️ `request`, ⏭ 🙆 *➡ 🛠️* 📨 ⚫️. + +& ⏮️ `response` 🏗, ⏭ 🛬 ⚫️. + +🖼, 👆 💪 🚮 🛃 🎚 `X-Process-Time` ⚗ 🕰 🥈 👈 ⚫️ ✊ 🛠️ 📨 & 🏗 📨: + +```Python hl_lines="10 12-13" +{!../../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## 🎏 🛠️ + +👆 💪 ⏪ ✍ 🌖 🔃 🎏 🛠️ [🏧 👩‍💻 🦮: 🏧 🛠️](../advanced/middleware.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +👆 🔜 ✍ 🔃 ❔ 🍵 ⚜ ⏮️ 🛠️ ⏭ 📄. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..916529258 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ +# ➡ 🛠️ 📳 + +📤 📚 🔢 👈 👆 💪 🚶‍♀️ 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨* 🔗 ⚫️. + +!!! warning + 👀 👈 👫 🔢 🚶‍♀️ 🔗 *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨*, 🚫 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*. + +## 📨 👔 📟 + +👆 💪 🔬 (🇺🇸🔍) `status_code` ⚙️ 📨 👆 *➡ 🛠️*. + +👆 💪 🚶‍♀️ 🔗 `int` 📟, 💖 `404`. + +✋️ 🚥 👆 🚫 💭 ⚫️❔ 🔠 🔢 📟, 👆 💪 ⚙️ ⌨ 📉 `status`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="3 17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="3 17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +👈 👔 📟 🔜 ⚙️ 📨 & 🔜 🚮 🗄 🔗. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette import status`. + + **FastAPI** 🚚 🎏 `starlette.status` `fastapi.status` 🏪 👆, 👩‍💻. ✋️ ⚫️ 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃. + +## 🔖 + +👆 💪 🚮 🔖 👆 *➡ 🛠️*, 🚶‍♀️ 🔢 `tags` ⏮️ `list` `str` (🛎 1️⃣ `str`): + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="17 22 27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="17 22 27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="15 20 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +👫 🔜 🚮 🗄 🔗 & ⚙️ 🏧 🧾 🔢: + + + +### 🔖 ⏮️ 🔢 + +🚥 👆 ✔️ 🦏 🈸, 👆 5️⃣📆 🔚 🆙 📈 **📚 🔖**, & 👆 🔜 💚 ⚒ 💭 👆 🕧 ⚙️ **🎏 🔖** 🔗 *➡ 🛠️*. + +👫 💼, ⚫️ 💪 ⚒ 🔑 🏪 🔖 `Enum`. + +**FastAPI** 🐕‍🦺 👈 🎏 🌌 ⏮️ ✅ 🎻: + +```Python hl_lines="1 8-10 13 18" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002b.py!} +``` + +## 📄 & 📛 + +👆 💪 🚮 `summary` & `description`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="20-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="20-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="18-19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +## 📛 ⚪️➡️ #️⃣ + +📛 😑 📏 & 📔 💗 ⏸, 👆 💪 📣 *➡ 🛠️* 📛 🔢 #️⃣ & **FastAPI** 🔜 ✍ ⚫️ ⚪️➡️ 📤. + +👆 💪 ✍ ✍ #️⃣ , ⚫️ 🔜 🔬 & 🖥 ☑ (✊ 🔘 🏧 #️⃣ 📐). + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="19-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="19-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="17-25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +⚫️ 🔜 ⚙️ 🎓 🩺: + + + +## 📨 📛 + +👆 💪 ✔ 📨 📛 ⏮️ 🔢 `response_description`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + 👀 👈 `response_description` 🔗 🎯 📨, `description` 🔗 *➡ 🛠️* 🏢. + +!!! check + 🗄 ✔ 👈 🔠 *➡ 🛠️* 🚚 📨 📛. + + , 🚥 👆 🚫 🚚 1️⃣, **FastAPI** 🔜 🔁 🏗 1️⃣ "🏆 📨". + + + +## 😢 *➡ 🛠️* + +🚥 👆 💪 ™ *➡ 🛠️* 😢, ✋️ 🍵 ❎ ⚫️, 🚶‍♀️ 🔢 `deprecated`: + +```Python hl_lines="16" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +⚫️ 🔜 🎯 ™ 😢 🎓 🩺: + + + +✅ ❔ 😢 & 🚫-😢 *➡ 🛠️* 👀 💖: + + + +## 🌃 + +👆 💪 🔗 & 🚮 🗃 👆 *➡ 🛠️* 💪 🚶‍♀️ 🔢 *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨*. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b1ba2670b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +# ➡ 🔢 & 🔢 🔬 + +🎏 🌌 👈 👆 💪 📣 🌅 🔬 & 🗃 🔢 🔢 ⏮️ `Query`, 👆 💪 📣 🎏 🆎 🔬 & 🗃 ➡ 🔢 ⏮️ `Path`. + +## 🗄 ➡ + +🥇, 🗄 `Path` ⚪️➡️ `fastapi`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +## 📣 🗃 + +👆 💪 📣 🌐 🎏 🔢 `Query`. + +🖼, 📣 `title` 🗃 💲 ➡ 🔢 `item_id` 👆 💪 🆎: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! note + ➡ 🔢 🕧 ✔ ⚫️ ✔️ 🍕 ➡. + + , 👆 🔜 📣 ⚫️ ⏮️ `...` ™ ⚫️ ✔. + + 👐, 🚥 👆 📣 ⚫️ ⏮️ `None` ⚖️ ⚒ 🔢 💲, ⚫️ 🔜 🚫 📉 🕳, ⚫️ 🔜 🕧 🚚. + +## ✔ 🔢 👆 💪 + +➡️ 💬 👈 👆 💚 📣 🔢 🔢 `q` ✔ `str`. + +& 👆 🚫 💪 📣 🕳 🙆 👈 🔢, 👆 🚫 🤙 💪 ⚙️ `Query`. + +✋️ 👆 💪 ⚙️ `Path` `item_id` ➡ 🔢. + +🐍 🔜 😭 🚥 👆 🚮 💲 ⏮️ "🔢" ⏭ 💲 👈 🚫 ✔️ "🔢". + +✋️ 👆 💪 🏤-✔ 👫, & ✔️ 💲 🍵 🔢 (🔢 🔢 `q`) 🥇. + +⚫️ 🚫 🤔 **FastAPI**. ⚫️ 🔜 🔍 🔢 👫 📛, 🆎 & 🔢 📄 (`Query`, `Path`, ♒️), ⚫️ 🚫 💅 🔃 ✔. + +, 👆 💪 📣 👆 🔢: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## ✔ 🔢 👆 💪, 🎱 + +🚥 👆 💚 📣 `q` 🔢 🔢 🍵 `Query` 🚫 🙆 🔢 💲, & ➡ 🔢 `item_id` ⚙️ `Path`, & ✔️ 👫 🎏 ✔, 🐍 ✔️ 🐥 🎁 ❕ 👈. + +🚶‍♀️ `*`, 🥇 🔢 🔢. + +🐍 🏆 🚫 🕳 ⏮️ 👈 `*`, ✋️ ⚫️ 🔜 💭 👈 🌐 📄 🔢 🔜 🤙 🇨🇻 ❌ (🔑-💲 👫), 💭 kwargs. 🚥 👫 🚫 ✔️ 🔢 💲. + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +## 🔢 🔬: 👑 🌘 ⚖️ 🌓 + +⏮️ `Query` & `Path` (& 🎏 👆 🔜 👀 ⏪) 👆 💪 📣 🔢 ⚛. + +📥, ⏮️ `ge=1`, `item_id` 🔜 💪 🔢 🔢 "`g`🅾 🌘 ⚖️ `e`🅾" `1`. + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +## 🔢 🔬: 🌘 🌘 & 🌘 🌘 ⚖️ 🌓 + +🎏 ✔: + +* `gt`: `g`🅾 `t`👲 +* `le`: `l`👭 🌘 ⚖️ `e`🅾 + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +## 🔢 🔬: 🎈, 🌘 🌘 & 🌘 🌘 + +🔢 🔬 👷 `float` 💲. + +📥 🌐❔ ⚫️ ▶️️ ⚠ 💪 📣 gt & 🚫 ge. ⏮️ ⚫️ 👆 💪 🚚, 🖼, 👈 💲 🔜 👑 🌘 `0`, 🚥 ⚫️ 🌘 🌘 `1`. + +, `0.5` 🔜 ☑ 💲. ✋️ `0.0` ⚖️ `0` 🔜 🚫. + +& 🎏 lt. + +```Python hl_lines="11" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +## 🌃 + +⏮️ `Query`, `Path` (& 🎏 👆 🚫 👀) 👆 💪 📣 🗃 & 🎻 🔬 🎏 🌌 ⏮️ [🔢 🔢 & 🎻 🔬](query-params-str-validations.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +& 👆 💪 📣 🔢 🔬: + +* `gt`: `g`🅾 `t`👲 +* `ge`: `g`🅾 🌘 ⚖️ `e`🅾 +* `lt`: `l`👭 `t`👲 +* `le`: `l`👭 🌘 ⚖️ `e`🅾 + +!!! info + `Query`, `Path`, & 🎏 🎓 👆 🔜 👀 ⏪ 🏿 ⚠ `Param` 🎓. + + 🌐 👫 💰 🎏 🔢 🌖 🔬 & 🗃 👆 ✔️ 👀. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 🕐❔ 👆 🗄 `Query`, `Path` & 🎏 ⚪️➡️ `fastapi`, 👫 🤙 🔢. + + 👈 🕐❔ 🤙, 📨 👐 🎓 🎏 📛. + + , 👆 🗄 `Query`, ❔ 🔢. & 🕐❔ 👆 🤙 ⚫️, ⚫️ 📨 👐 🎓 🌟 `Query`. + + 👫 🔢 📤 (↩️ ⚙️ 🎓 🔗) 👈 👆 👨‍🎨 🚫 ™ ❌ 🔃 👫 🆎. + + 👈 🌌 👆 💪 ⚙️ 👆 😐 👨‍🎨 & 🛠️ 🧰 🍵 ✔️ 🚮 🛃 📳 🤷‍♂ 📚 ❌. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/path-params.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/path-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea939b458 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/path-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,252 @@ +# ➡ 🔢 + +👆 💪 📣 ➡ "🔢" ⚖️ "🔢" ⏮️ 🎏 ❕ ⚙️ 🐍 📁 🎻: + +```Python hl_lines="6-7" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +💲 ➡ 🔢 `item_id` 🔜 🚶‍♀️ 👆 🔢 ❌ `item_id`. + +, 🚥 👆 🏃 👉 🖼 & 🚶 http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo, 👆 🔜 👀 📨: + +```JSON +{"item_id":"foo"} +``` + +## ➡ 🔢 ⏮️ 🆎 + +👆 💪 📣 🆎 ➡ 🔢 🔢, ⚙️ 🐩 🐍 🆎 ✍: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +👉 💼, `item_id` 📣 `int`. + +!!! check + 👉 🔜 🤝 👆 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺 🔘 👆 🔢, ⏮️ ❌ ✅, 🛠️, ♒️. + +## 💽 🛠️ + +🚥 👆 🏃 👉 🖼 & 📂 👆 🖥 http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/3, 👆 🔜 👀 📨: + +```JSON +{"item_id":3} +``` + +!!! check + 👀 👈 💲 👆 🔢 📨 (& 📨) `3`, 🐍 `int`, 🚫 🎻 `"3"`. + + , ⏮️ 👈 🆎 📄, **FastAPI** 🤝 👆 🏧 📨 "✍". + +## 💽 🔬 + +✋️ 🚥 👆 🚶 🖥 http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo, 👆 🔜 👀 👌 🇺🇸🔍 ❌: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "path", + "item_id" + ], + "msg": "value is not a valid integer", + "type": "type_error.integer" + } + ] +} +``` + +↩️ ➡ 🔢 `item_id` ✔️ 💲 `"foo"`, ❔ 🚫 `int`. + +🎏 ❌ 🔜 😑 🚥 👆 🚚 `float` ↩️ `int`,: http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/4.2 + +!!! check + , ⏮️ 🎏 🐍 🆎 📄, **FastAPI** 🤝 👆 💽 🔬. + + 👀 👈 ❌ 🎯 🇵🇸 ⚫️❔ ☝ 🌐❔ 🔬 🚫 🚶‍♀️. + + 👉 🙃 👍 ⏪ 🛠️ & 🛠️ 📟 👈 🔗 ⏮️ 👆 🛠️. + +## 🧾 + +& 🕐❔ 👆 📂 👆 🖥 http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs, 👆 🔜 👀 🏧, 🎓, 🛠️ 🧾 💖: + + + +!!! check + 🔄, ⏮️ 👈 🎏 🐍 🆎 📄, **FastAPI** 🤝 👆 🏧, 🎓 🧾 (🛠️ 🦁 🎚). + + 👀 👈 ➡ 🔢 📣 🔢. + +## 🐩-⚓️ 💰, 🎛 🧾 + +& ↩️ 🏗 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 🗄 🐩, 📤 📚 🔗 🧰. + +↩️ 👉, **FastAPI** ⚫️ 🚚 🎛 🛠️ 🧾 (⚙️ 📄), ❔ 👆 💪 🔐 http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc: + + + +🎏 🌌, 📤 📚 🔗 🧰. ✅ 📟 ⚡ 🧰 📚 🇪🇸. + +## Pydantic + +🌐 💽 🔬 🎭 🔽 🚘 Pydantic, 👆 🤚 🌐 💰 ⚪️➡️ ⚫️. & 👆 💭 👆 👍 ✋. + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 🎏 🆎 📄 ⏮️ `str`, `float`, `bool` & 📚 🎏 🏗 📊 🆎. + +📚 👫 🔬 ⏭ 📃 🔰. + +## ✔ 🤔 + +🕐❔ 🏗 *➡ 🛠️*, 👆 💪 🔎 ⚠ 🌐❔ 👆 ✔️ 🔧 ➡. + +💖 `/users/me`, ➡️ 💬 👈 ⚫️ 🤚 📊 🔃 ⏮️ 👩‍💻. + +& ⤴️ 👆 💪 ✔️ ➡ `/users/{user_id}` 🤚 💽 🔃 🎯 👩‍💻 👩‍💻 🆔. + +↩️ *➡ 🛠️* 🔬 ✔, 👆 💪 ⚒ 💭 👈 ➡ `/users/me` 📣 ⏭ 1️⃣ `/users/{user_id}`: + +```Python hl_lines="6 11" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +⏪, ➡ `/users/{user_id}` 🔜 🏏 `/users/me`, "💭" 👈 ⚫️ 📨 🔢 `user_id` ⏮️ 💲 `"me"`. + +➡, 👆 🚫🔜 ↔ ➡ 🛠️: + +```Python hl_lines="6 11" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial003b.py!} +``` + +🥇 🕐 🔜 🕧 ⚙️ ↩️ ➡ 🏏 🥇. + +## 🔁 💲 + +🚥 👆 ✔️ *➡ 🛠️* 👈 📨 *➡ 🔢*, ✋️ 👆 💚 💪 ☑ *➡ 🔢* 💲 🔁, 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🐩 🐍 `Enum`. + +### ✍ `Enum` 🎓 + +🗄 `Enum` & ✍ 🎧-🎓 👈 😖 ⚪️➡️ `str` & ⚪️➡️ `Enum`. + +😖 ⚪️➡️ `str` 🛠️ 🩺 🔜 💪 💭 👈 💲 🔜 🆎 `string` & 🔜 💪 ✍ ☑. + +⤴️ ✍ 🎓 🔢 ⏮️ 🔧 💲, ❔ 🔜 💪 ☑ 💲: + +```Python hl_lines="1 6-9" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +!!! info + 🔢 (⚖️ 🔢) 💪 🐍 ↩️ ⏬ 3️⃣.4️⃣. + +!!! tip + 🚥 👆 💭, "📊", "🎓", & "🍏" 📛 🎰 🏫 🏷. + +### 📣 *➡ 🔢* + +⤴️ ✍ *➡ 🔢* ⏮️ 🆎 ✍ ⚙️ 🔢 🎓 👆 ✍ (`ModelName`): + +```Python hl_lines="16" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +### ✅ 🩺 + +↩️ 💪 💲 *➡ 🔢* 🔢, 🎓 🩺 💪 🎦 👫 🎆: + + + +### 👷 ⏮️ 🐍 *🔢* + +💲 *➡ 🔢* 🔜 *🔢 👨‍🎓*. + +#### 🔬 *🔢 👨‍🎓* + +👆 💪 🔬 ⚫️ ⏮️ *🔢 👨‍🎓* 👆 ✍ 🔢 `ModelName`: + +```Python hl_lines="17" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +#### 🤚 *🔢 💲* + +👆 💪 🤚 ☑ 💲 ( `str` 👉 💼) ⚙️ `model_name.value`, ⚖️ 🏢, `your_enum_member.value`: + +```Python hl_lines="20" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 👆 💪 🔐 💲 `"lenet"` ⏮️ `ModelName.lenet.value`. + +#### 📨 *🔢 👨‍🎓* + +👆 💪 📨 *🔢 👨‍🎓* ⚪️➡️ 👆 *➡ 🛠️*, 🐦 🎻 💪 (✅ `dict`). + +👫 🔜 🗜 👫 🔗 💲 (🎻 👉 💼) ⏭ 🛬 👫 👩‍💻: + +```Python hl_lines="18 21 23" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +👆 👩‍💻 👆 🔜 🤚 🎻 📨 💖: + +```JSON +{ + "model_name": "alexnet", + "message": "Deep Learning FTW!" +} +``` + +## ➡ 🔢 ⚗ ➡ + +➡️ 💬 👆 ✔️ *➡ 🛠️* ⏮️ ➡ `/files/{file_path}`. + +✋️ 👆 💪 `file_path` ⚫️ 🔌 *➡*, 💖 `home/johndoe/myfile.txt`. + +, 📛 👈 📁 🔜 🕳 💖: `/files/home/johndoe/myfile.txt`. + +### 🗄 🐕‍🦺 + +🗄 🚫 🐕‍🦺 🌌 📣 *➡ 🔢* 🔌 *➡* 🔘, 👈 💪 ↘️ 😐 👈 ⚠ 💯 & 🔬. + +👐, 👆 💪 ⚫️ **FastAPI**, ⚙️ 1️⃣ 🔗 🧰 ⚪️➡️ 💃. + +& 🩺 🔜 👷, 👐 🚫 ❎ 🙆 🧾 💬 👈 🔢 🔜 🔌 ➡. + +### ➡ 🔌 + +⚙️ 🎛 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃 👆 💪 📣 *➡ 🔢* ⚗ *➡* ⚙️ 📛 💖: + +``` +/files/{file_path:path} +``` + +👉 💼, 📛 🔢 `file_path`, & 🏁 🍕, `:path`, 💬 ⚫️ 👈 🔢 🔜 🏏 🙆 *➡*. + +, 👆 💪 ⚙️ ⚫️ ⏮️: + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 👆 💪 💪 🔢 🔌 `/home/johndoe/myfile.txt`, ⏮️ 🏁 🔪 (`/`). + + 👈 💼, 📛 🔜: `/files//home/johndoe/myfile.txt`, ⏮️ 2️⃣✖️ 🔪 (`//`) 🖖 `files` & `home`. + +## 🌃 + +⏮️ **FastAPI**, ⚙️ 📏, 🏋️ & 🐩 🐍 🆎 📄, 👆 🤚: + +* 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺: ❌ ✅, ✍, ♒️. +* 💽 "✍" +* 💽 🔬 +* 🛠️ ✍ & 🏧 🧾 + +& 👆 🕴 ✔️ 📣 👫 🕐. + +👈 🎲 👑 ⭐ 📈 **FastAPI** 🔬 🎛 🛠️ (↖️ ⚪️➡️ 🍣 🎭). diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f0e455abe --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md @@ -0,0 +1,467 @@ +# 🔢 🔢 & 🎻 🔬 + +**FastAPI** ✔ 👆 📣 🌖 ℹ & 🔬 👆 🔢. + +➡️ ✊ 👉 🈸 🖼: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +🔢 🔢 `q` 🆎 `Union[str, None]` (⚖️ `str | None` 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣), 👈 ⛓ 👈 ⚫️ 🆎 `str` ✋️ 💪 `None`, & 👐, 🔢 💲 `None`, FastAPI 🔜 💭 ⚫️ 🚫 ✔. + +!!! note + FastAPI 🔜 💭 👈 💲 `q` 🚫 ✔ ↩️ 🔢 💲 `= None`. + + `Union` `Union[str, None]` 🔜 ✔ 👆 👨‍🎨 🤝 👆 👍 🐕‍🦺 & 🔍 ❌. + +## 🌖 🔬 + +👥 🔜 🛠️ 👈 ✋️ `q` 📦, 🕐❔ ⚫️ 🚚, **🚮 📐 🚫 📉 5️⃣0️⃣ 🦹**. + +### 🗄 `Query` + +🏆 👈, 🥇 🗄 `Query` ⚪️➡️ `fastapi`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +## ⚙️ `Query` 🔢 💲 + +& 🔜 ⚙️ ⚫️ 🔢 💲 👆 🔢, ⚒ 🔢 `max_length` 5️⃣0️⃣: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +👥 ✔️ ❎ 🔢 💲 `None` 🔢 ⏮️ `Query()`, 👥 💪 🔜 ⚒ 🔢 💲 ⏮️ 🔢 `Query(default=None)`, ⚫️ 🍦 🎏 🎯 ⚖ 👈 🔢 💲. + +: + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None) +``` + +...⚒ 🔢 📦, 🎏: + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = None +``` + +& 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛: + +```Python +q: str | None = Query(default=None) +``` + +...⚒ 🔢 📦, 🎏: + +```Python +q: str | None = None +``` + +✋️ ⚫️ 📣 ⚫️ 🎯 💆‍♂ 🔢 🔢. + +!!! info + ✔️ 🤯 👈 🌅 ⚠ 🍕 ⚒ 🔢 📦 🍕: + + ```Python + = None + ``` + + ⚖️: + + ```Python + = Query(default=None) + ``` + + ⚫️ 🔜 ⚙️ 👈 `None` 🔢 💲, & 👈 🌌 ⚒ 🔢 **🚫 ✔**. + + `Union[str, None]` 🍕 ✔ 👆 👨‍🎨 🚚 👻 🐕‍🦺, ✋️ ⚫️ 🚫 ⚫️❔ 💬 FastAPI 👈 👉 🔢 🚫 ✔. + +⤴️, 👥 💪 🚶‍♀️ 🌅 🔢 `Query`. 👉 💼, `max_length` 🔢 👈 ✔ 🎻: + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, max_length=50) +``` + +👉 🔜 ✔ 📊, 🎦 🆑 ❌ 🕐❔ 📊 🚫 ☑, & 📄 🔢 🗄 🔗 *➡ 🛠️*. + +## 🚮 🌅 🔬 + +👆 💪 🚮 🔢 `min_length`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +## 🚮 🥔 🧬 + +👆 💪 🔬 🥔 🧬 👈 🔢 🔜 🏏: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +👉 🎯 🥔 🧬 ✅ 👈 📨 🔢 💲: + +* `^`: ▶️ ⏮️ 📄 🦹, 🚫 ✔️ 🦹 ⏭. +* `fixedquery`: ✔️ ☑ 💲 `fixedquery`. +* `$`: 🔚 📤, 🚫 ✔️ 🙆 🌖 🦹 ⏮️ `fixedquery`. + +🚥 👆 💭 💸 ⏮️ 🌐 👉 **"🥔 🧬"** 💭, 🚫 😟. 👫 🏋️ ❔ 📚 👫👫. 👆 💪 📚 💩 🍵 💆‍♂ 🥔 🧬. + +✋️ 🕐❔ 👆 💪 👫 & 🚶 & 💡 👫, 💭 👈 👆 💪 ⏪ ⚙️ 👫 🔗 **FastAPI**. + +## 🔢 💲 + +🎏 🌌 👈 👆 💪 🚶‍♀️ `None` 💲 `default` 🔢, 👆 💪 🚶‍♀️ 🎏 💲. + +➡️ 💬 👈 👆 💚 📣 `q` 🔢 🔢 ✔️ `min_length` `3`, & ✔️ 🔢 💲 `"fixedquery"`: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +!!! note + ✔️ 🔢 💲 ⚒ 🔢 📦. + +## ⚒ ⚫️ ✔ + +🕐❔ 👥 🚫 💪 📣 🌅 🔬 ⚖️ 🗃, 👥 💪 ⚒ `q` 🔢 🔢 ✔ 🚫 📣 🔢 💲, 💖: + +```Python +q: str +``` + +↩️: + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = None +``` + +✋️ 👥 🔜 📣 ⚫️ ⏮️ `Query`, 🖼 💖: + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, min_length=3) +``` + +, 🕐❔ 👆 💪 📣 💲 ✔ ⏪ ⚙️ `Query`, 👆 💪 🎯 🚫 📣 🔢 💲: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +### ✔ ⏮️ ❕ (`...`) + +📤 🎛 🌌 🎯 📣 👈 💲 ✔. 👆 💪 ⚒ `default` 🔢 🔑 💲 `...`: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b.py!} +``` + +!!! info + 🚥 👆 🚫 👀 👈 `...` ⏭: ⚫️ 🎁 👁 💲, ⚫️ 🍕 🐍 & 🤙 "❕". + + ⚫️ ⚙️ Pydantic & FastAPI 🎯 📣 👈 💲 ✔. + +👉 🔜 ➡️ **FastAPI** 💭 👈 👉 🔢 ✔. + +### ✔ ⏮️ `None` + +👆 💪 📣 👈 🔢 💪 🚫 `None`, ✋️ 👈 ⚫️ ✔. 👉 🔜 ⚡ 👩‍💻 📨 💲, 🚥 💲 `None`. + +👈, 👆 💪 📣 👈 `None` ☑ 🆎 ✋️ ⚙️ `default=...`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! tip + Pydantic, ❔ ⚫️❔ 🏋️ 🌐 💽 🔬 & 🛠️ FastAPI, ✔️ 🎁 🎭 🕐❔ 👆 ⚙️ `Optional` ⚖️ `Union[Something, None]` 🍵 🔢 💲, 👆 💪 ✍ 🌅 🔃 ⚫️ Pydantic 🩺 🔃 ✔ 📦 🏑. + +### ⚙️ Pydantic `Required` ↩️ ❕ (`...`) + +🚥 👆 💭 😬 ⚙️ `...`, 👆 💪 🗄 & ⚙️ `Required` ⚪️➡️ Pydantic: + +```Python hl_lines="2 8" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 💭 👈 🌅 💼, 🕐❔ 🕳 🚚, 👆 💪 🎯 🚫 `default` 🔢, 👆 🛎 🚫 ✔️ ⚙️ `...` 🚫 `Required`. + +## 🔢 🔢 📇 / 💗 💲 + +🕐❔ 👆 🔬 🔢 🔢 🎯 ⏮️ `Query` 👆 💪 📣 ⚫️ 📨 📇 💲, ⚖️ 🙆‍♀ 🎏 🌌, 📨 💗 💲. + +🖼, 📣 🔢 🔢 `q` 👈 💪 😑 💗 🕰 📛, 👆 💪 ✍: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_py310.py!} + ``` + +⤴️, ⏮️ 📛 💖: + +``` +http://localhost:8000/items/?q=foo&q=bar +``` + +👆 🔜 📨 💗 `q` *🔢 🔢'* 💲 (`foo` & `bar`) 🐍 `list` 🔘 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, *🔢 🔢* `q`. + +, 📨 👈 📛 🔜: + +```JSON +{ + "q": [ + "foo", + "bar" + ] +} +``` + +!!! tip + 📣 🔢 🔢 ⏮️ 🆎 `list`, 💖 🖼 🔛, 👆 💪 🎯 ⚙️ `Query`, ⏪ ⚫️ 🔜 🔬 📨 💪. + +🎓 🛠️ 🩺 🔜 ℹ ➡️, ✔ 💗 💲: + + + +### 🔢 🔢 📇 / 💗 💲 ⏮️ 🔢 + +& 👆 💪 🔬 🔢 `list` 💲 🚥 👌 🚚: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012_py39.py!} + ``` + +🚥 👆 🚶: + +``` +http://localhost:8000/items/ +``` + +🔢 `q` 🔜: `["foo", "bar"]` & 👆 📨 🔜: + +```JSON +{ + "q": [ + "foo", + "bar" + ] +} +``` + +#### ⚙️ `list` + +👆 💪 ⚙️ `list` 🔗 ↩️ `List[str]` (⚖️ `list[str]` 🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ ➕): + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013.py!} +``` + +!!! note + ✔️ 🤯 👈 👉 💼, FastAPI 🏆 🚫 ✅ 🎚 📇. + + 🖼, `List[int]` 🔜 ✅ (& 📄) 👈 🎚 📇 🔢. ✋️ `list` 😞 🚫🔜. + +## 📣 🌅 🗃 + +👆 💪 🚮 🌅 ℹ 🔃 🔢. + +👈 ℹ 🔜 🔌 🏗 🗄 & ⚙️ 🧾 👩‍💻 🔢 & 🔢 🧰. + +!!! note + ✔️ 🤯 👈 🎏 🧰 5️⃣📆 ✔️ 🎏 🎚 🗄 🐕‍🦺. + + 👫 💪 🚫 🎦 🌐 ➕ ℹ 📣, 👐 🌅 💼, ❌ ⚒ ⏪ 📄 🛠️. + +👆 💪 🚮 `title`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_py310.py!} + ``` + +& `description`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_py310.py!} + ``` + +## 📛 🔢 + +🌈 👈 👆 💚 🔢 `item-query`. + +💖: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?item-query=foobaritems +``` + +✋️ `item-query` 🚫 ☑ 🐍 🔢 📛. + +🔐 🔜 `item_query`. + +✋️ 👆 💪 ⚫️ ⚫️❔ `item-query`... + +⤴️ 👆 💪 📣 `alias`, & 👈 📛 ⚫️❔ 🔜 ⚙️ 🔎 🔢 💲: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_py310.py!} + ``` + +## 😛 🔢 + +🔜 ➡️ 💬 👆 🚫 💖 👉 🔢 🚫🔜. + +👆 ✔️ 👈 ⚫️ 📤 ⏪ ↩️ 📤 👩‍💻 ⚙️ ⚫️, ✋️ 👆 💚 🩺 🎯 🎦 ⚫️ 😢. + +⤴️ 🚶‍♀️ 🔢 `deprecated=True` `Query`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_py310.py!} + ``` + +🩺 🔜 🎦 ⚫️ 💖 👉: + + + +## 🚫 ⚪️➡️ 🗄 + +🚫 🔢 🔢 ⚪️➡️ 🏗 🗄 🔗 (& ➡️, ⚪️➡️ 🏧 🧾 ⚙️), ⚒ 🔢 `include_in_schema` `Query` `False`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_py310.py!} + ``` + +## 🌃 + +👆 💪 📣 🌖 🔬 & 🗃 👆 🔢. + +💊 🔬 & 🗃: + +* `alias` +* `title` +* `description` +* `deprecated` + +🔬 🎯 🎻: + +* `min_length` +* `max_length` +* `regex` + +👫 🖼 👆 👀 ❔ 📣 🔬 `str` 💲. + +👀 ⏭ 📃 👀 ❔ 📣 🔬 🎏 🆎, 💖 🔢. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/query-params.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/query-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ccb235c15 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/query-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,225 @@ +# 🔢 🔢 + +🕐❔ 👆 📣 🎏 🔢 🔢 👈 🚫 🍕 ➡ 🔢, 👫 🔁 🔬 "🔢" 🔢. + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +🔢 ⚒ 🔑-💲 👫 👈 🚶 ⏮️ `?` 📛, 🎏 `&` 🦹. + +🖼, 📛: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10 +``` + +...🔢 🔢: + +* `skip`: ⏮️ 💲 `0` +* `limit`: ⏮️ 💲 `10` + +👫 🍕 📛, 👫 "🛎" 🎻. + +✋️ 🕐❔ 👆 📣 👫 ⏮️ 🐍 🆎 (🖼 🔛, `int`), 👫 🗜 👈 🆎 & ✔ 🛡 ⚫️. + +🌐 🎏 🛠️ 👈 ⚖ ➡ 🔢 ✔ 🔢 🔢: + +* 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺 (🎲) +* 💽 "✍" +* 💽 🔬 +* 🏧 🧾 + +## 🔢 + +🔢 🔢 🚫 🔧 🍕 ➡, 👫 💪 📦 & 💪 ✔️ 🔢 💲. + +🖼 🔛 👫 ✔️ 🔢 💲 `skip=0` & `limit=10`. + +, 🔜 📛: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/ +``` + +🔜 🎏 🔜: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10 +``` + +✋️ 🚥 👆 🚶, 🖼: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=20 +``` + +🔢 💲 👆 🔢 🔜: + +* `skip=20`: ↩️ 👆 ⚒ ⚫️ 📛 +* `limit=10`: ↩️ 👈 🔢 💲 + +## 📦 🔢 + +🎏 🌌, 👆 💪 📣 📦 🔢 🔢, ⚒ 👫 🔢 `None`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +👉 💼, 🔢 🔢 `q` 🔜 📦, & 🔜 `None` 🔢. + +!!! check + 👀 👈 **FastAPI** 🙃 🥃 👀 👈 ➡ 🔢 `item_id` ➡ 🔢 & `q` 🚫,, ⚫️ 🔢 🔢. + +## 🔢 🔢 🆎 🛠️ + +👆 💪 📣 `bool` 🆎, & 👫 🔜 🗜: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +👉 💼, 🚥 👆 🚶: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=1 +``` + +⚖️ + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=True +``` + +⚖️ + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=true +``` + +⚖️ + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=on +``` + +⚖️ + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=yes +``` + +⚖️ 🙆 🎏 💼 📈 (🔠, 🥇 🔤 🔠, ♒️), 👆 🔢 🔜 👀 🔢 `short` ⏮️ `bool` 💲 `True`. ⏪ `False`. + + +## 💗 ➡ & 🔢 🔢 + +👆 💪 📣 💗 ➡ 🔢 & 🔢 🔢 🎏 🕰, **FastAPI** 💭 ❔ ❔. + +& 👆 🚫 ✔️ 📣 👫 🙆 🎯 ✔. + +👫 🔜 🔬 📛: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="8 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="6 8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +## ✔ 🔢 🔢 + +🕐❔ 👆 📣 🔢 💲 🚫-➡ 🔢 (🔜, 👥 ✔️ 🕴 👀 🔢 🔢), ⤴️ ⚫️ 🚫 ✔. + +🚥 👆 🚫 💚 🚮 🎯 💲 ✋️ ⚒ ⚫️ 📦, ⚒ 🔢 `None`. + +✋️ 🕐❔ 👆 💚 ⚒ 🔢 🔢 ✔, 👆 💪 🚫 📣 🙆 🔢 💲: + +```Python hl_lines="6-7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +📥 🔢 🔢 `needy` ✔ 🔢 🔢 🆎 `str`. + +🚥 👆 📂 👆 🖥 📛 💖: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item +``` + +...🍵 ❎ ✔ 🔢 `needy`, 👆 🔜 👀 ❌ 💖: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "query", + "needy" + ], + "msg": "field required", + "type": "value_error.missing" + } + ] +} +``` + +`needy` 🚚 🔢, 👆 🔜 💪 ⚒ ⚫️ 📛: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item?needy=sooooneedy +``` + +...👉 🔜 👷: + +```JSON +{ + "item_id": "foo-item", + "needy": "sooooneedy" +} +``` + +& ↗️, 👆 💪 🔬 🔢 ✔, ✔️ 🔢 💲, & 🍕 📦: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006_py310.py!} + ``` + +👉 💼, 📤 3️⃣ 🔢 🔢: + +* `needy`, ✔ `str`. +* `skip`, `int` ⏮️ 🔢 💲 `0`. +* `limit`, 📦 `int`. + +!!! tip + 👆 💪 ⚙️ `Enum`Ⓜ 🎏 🌌 ⏮️ [➡ 🔢](path-params.md#predefined-values){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/request-files.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/request-files.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..26631823f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/request-files.md @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +# 📨 📁 + +👆 💪 🔬 📁 📂 👩‍💻 ⚙️ `File`. + +!!! info + 📨 📂 📁, 🥇 ❎ `python-multipart`. + + 🤶 Ⓜ. `pip install python-multipart`. + + 👉 ↩️ 📂 📁 📨 "📨 💽". + +## 🗄 `File` + +🗄 `File` & `UploadFile` ⚪️➡️ `fastapi`: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## 🔬 `File` 🔢 + +✍ 📁 🔢 🎏 🌌 👆 🔜 `Body` ⚖️ `Form`: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! info + `File` 🎓 👈 😖 🔗 ⚪️➡️ `Form`. + + ✋️ 💭 👈 🕐❔ 👆 🗄 `Query`, `Path`, `File` & 🎏 ⚪️➡️ `fastapi`, 👈 🤙 🔢 👈 📨 🎁 🎓. + +!!! tip + 📣 📁 💪, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `File`, ↩️ ⏪ 🔢 🔜 🔬 🔢 🔢 ⚖️ 💪 (🎻) 🔢. + +📁 🔜 📂 "📨 💽". + +🚥 👆 📣 🆎 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 🔢 `bytes`, **FastAPI** 🔜 ✍ 📁 👆 & 👆 🔜 📨 🎚 `bytes`. + +✔️ 🤯 👈 👉 ⛓ 👈 🎂 🎚 🔜 🏪 💾. 👉 🔜 👷 👍 🤪 📁. + +✋️ 📤 📚 💼 ❔ 👆 💪 💰 ⚪️➡️ ⚙️ `UploadFile`. + +## 📁 🔢 ⏮️ `UploadFile` + +🔬 📁 🔢 ⏮️ 🆎 `UploadFile`: + +```Python hl_lines="12" +{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +⚙️ `UploadFile` ✔️ 📚 📈 🤭 `bytes`: + +* 👆 🚫 ✔️ ⚙️ `File()` 🔢 💲 🔢. +* ⚫️ ⚙️ "🧵" 📁: + * 📁 🏪 💾 🆙 🔆 📐 📉, & ⏮️ 🚶‍♀️ 👉 📉 ⚫️ 🔜 🏪 💾. +* 👉 ⛓ 👈 ⚫️ 🔜 👷 👍 ⭕ 📁 💖 🖼, 📹, ⭕ 💱, ♒️. 🍵 😩 🌐 💾. +* 👆 💪 🤚 🗃 ⚪️➡️ 📂 📁. +* ⚫️ ✔️ 📁-💖 `async` 🔢. +* ⚫️ 🎦 ☑ 🐍 `SpooledTemporaryFile` 🎚 👈 👆 💪 🚶‍♀️ 🔗 🎏 🗃 👈 ⌛ 📁-💖 🎚. + +### `UploadFile` + +`UploadFile` ✔️ 📄 🔢: + +* `filename`: `str` ⏮️ ⏮️ 📁 📛 👈 📂 (✅ `myimage.jpg`). +* `content_type`: `str` ⏮️ 🎚 🆎 (📁 🆎 / 📻 🆎) (✅ `image/jpeg`). +* `file`: `SpooledTemporaryFile` ( 📁-💖 🎚). 👉 ☑ 🐍 📁 👈 👆 💪 🚶‍♀️ 🔗 🎏 🔢 ⚖️ 🗃 👈 ⌛ "📁-💖" 🎚. + +`UploadFile` ✔️ 📄 `async` 👩‍🔬. 👫 🌐 🤙 🔗 📁 👩‍🔬 🔘 (⚙️ 🔗 `SpooledTemporaryFile`). + +* `write(data)`: ✍ `data` (`str` ⚖️ `bytes`) 📁. +* `read(size)`: ✍ `size` (`int`) 🔢/🦹 📁. +* `seek(offset)`: 🚶 🔢 🧘 `offset` (`int`) 📁. + * 🤶 Ⓜ., `await myfile.seek(0)` 🔜 🚶 ▶️ 📁. + * 👉 ✴️ ⚠ 🚥 👆 🏃 `await myfile.read()` 🕐 & ⤴️ 💪 ✍ 🎚 🔄. +* `close()`: 🔐 📁. + +🌐 👫 👩‍🔬 `async` 👩‍🔬, 👆 💪 "⌛" 👫. + +🖼, 🔘 `async` *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 👆 💪 🤚 🎚 ⏮️: + +```Python +contents = await myfile.read() +``` + +🚥 👆 🔘 😐 `def` *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, 👆 💪 🔐 `UploadFile.file` 🔗, 🖼: + +```Python +contents = myfile.file.read() +``` + +!!! note "`async` 📡 ℹ" + 🕐❔ 👆 ⚙️ `async` 👩‍🔬, **FastAPI** 🏃 📁 👩‍🔬 🧵 & ⌛ 👫. + +!!! note "💃 📡 ℹ" + **FastAPI**'Ⓜ `UploadFile` 😖 🔗 ⚪️➡️ **💃**'Ⓜ `UploadFile`, ✋️ 🚮 💪 🍕 ⚒ ⚫️ 🔗 ⏮️ **Pydantic** & 🎏 🍕 FastAPI. + +## ⚫️❔ "📨 💽" + +🌌 🕸 📨 (`
`) 📨 💽 💽 🛎 ⚙️ "🎁" 🔢 👈 📊, ⚫️ 🎏 ⚪️➡️ 🎻. + +**FastAPI** 🔜 ⚒ 💭 ✍ 👈 📊 ⚪️➡️ ▶️️ 🥉 ↩️ 🎻. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 📊 ⚪️➡️ 📨 🛎 🗜 ⚙️ "📻 🆎" `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` 🕐❔ ⚫️ 🚫 🔌 📁. + + ✋️ 🕐❔ 📨 🔌 📁, ⚫️ 🗜 `multipart/form-data`. 🚥 👆 ⚙️ `File`, **FastAPI** 🔜 💭 ⚫️ ✔️ 🤚 📁 ⚪️➡️ ☑ 🍕 💪. + + 🚥 👆 💚 ✍ 🌖 🔃 👉 🔢 & 📨 🏑, 👳 🏇 🕸 🩺 POST. + +!!! warning + 👆 💪 📣 💗 `File` & `Form` 🔢 *➡ 🛠️*, ✋️ 👆 💪 🚫 📣 `Body` 🏑 👈 👆 ⌛ 📨 🎻, 📨 🔜 ✔️ 💪 🗜 ⚙️ `multipart/form-data` ↩️ `application/json`. + + 👉 🚫 🚫 **FastAPI**, ⚫️ 🍕 🇺🇸🔍 🛠️. + +## 📦 📁 📂 + +👆 💪 ⚒ 📁 📦 ⚙️ 🐩 🆎 ✍ & ⚒ 🔢 💲 `None`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7 14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_py310.py!} + ``` + +## `UploadFile` ⏮️ 🌖 🗃 + +👆 💪 ⚙️ `File()` ⏮️ `UploadFile`, 🖼, ⚒ 🌖 🗃: + +```Python hl_lines="13" +{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03.py!} +``` + +## 💗 📁 📂 + +⚫️ 💪 📂 📚 📁 🎏 🕰. + +👫 🔜 👨‍💼 🎏 "📨 🏑" 📨 ⚙️ "📨 💽". + +⚙️ 👈, 📣 📇 `bytes` ⚖️ `UploadFile`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="10 15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="8 13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +👆 🔜 📨, 📣, `list` `bytes` ⚖️ `UploadFile`Ⓜ. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse`. + + **FastAPI** 🚚 🎏 `starlette.responses` `fastapi.responses` 🏪 👆, 👩‍💻. ✋️ 🌅 💪 📨 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃. + +### 💗 📁 📂 ⏮️ 🌖 🗃 + +& 🎏 🌌 ⏭, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `File()` ⚒ 🌖 🔢, `UploadFile`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +## 🌃 + +⚙️ `File`, `bytes`, & `UploadFile` 📣 📁 📂 📨, 📨 📨 💽. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..99aeca000 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# 📨 📨 & 📁 + +👆 💪 🔬 📁 & 📨 🏑 🎏 🕰 ⚙️ `File` & `Form`. + +!!! info + 📨 📂 📁 & /⚖️ 📨 📊, 🥇 ❎ `python-multipart`. + + 🤶 Ⓜ. `pip install python-multipart`. + +## 🗄 `File` & `Form` + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## 🔬 `File` & `Form` 🔢 + +✍ 📁 & 📨 🔢 🎏 🌌 👆 🔜 `Body` ⚖️ `Query`: + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +📁 & 📨 🏑 🔜 📂 📨 📊 & 👆 🔜 📨 📁 & 📨 🏑. + +& 👆 💪 📣 📁 `bytes` & `UploadFile`. + +!!! warning + 👆 💪 📣 💗 `File` & `Form` 🔢 *➡ 🛠️*, ✋️ 👆 💪 🚫 📣 `Body` 🏑 👈 👆 ⌛ 📨 🎻, 📨 🔜 ✔️ 💪 🗜 ⚙️ `multipart/form-data` ↩️ `application/json`. + + 👉 🚫 🚫 **FastAPI**, ⚫️ 🍕 🇺🇸🔍 🛠️. + +## 🌃 + +⚙️ `File` & `Form` 👯‍♂️ 🕐❔ 👆 💪 📨 💽 & 📁 🎏 📨. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fa74adae5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +# 📨 💽 + +🕐❔ 👆 💪 📨 📨 🏑 ↩️ 🎻, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `Form`. + +!!! info + ⚙️ 📨, 🥇 ❎ `python-multipart`. + + 🤶 Ⓜ. `pip install python-multipart`. + +## 🗄 `Form` + +🗄 `Form` ⚪️➡️ `fastapi`: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## 🔬 `Form` 🔢 + +✍ 📨 🔢 🎏 🌌 👆 🔜 `Body` ⚖️ `Query`: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +🖼, 1️⃣ 🌌 Oauth2️⃣ 🔧 💪 ⚙️ (🤙 "🔐 💧") ⚫️ ✔ 📨 `username` & `password` 📨 🏑. + +🔌 🚚 🏑 ⚫️❔ 📛 `username` & `password`, & 📨 📨 🏑, 🚫 🎻. + +⏮️ `Form` 👆 💪 📣 🎏 📳 ⏮️ `Body` (& `Query`, `Path`, `Cookie`), 🔌 🔬, 🖼, 📛 (✅ `user-name` ↩️ `username`), ♒️. + +!!! info + `Form` 🎓 👈 😖 🔗 ⚪️➡️ `Body`. + +!!! tip + 📣 📨 💪, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `Form` 🎯, ↩️ 🍵 ⚫️ 🔢 🔜 🔬 🔢 🔢 ⚖️ 💪 (🎻) 🔢. + +## 🔃 "📨 🏑" + +🌌 🕸 📨 (`
`) 📨 💽 💽 🛎 ⚙️ "🎁" 🔢 👈 📊, ⚫️ 🎏 ⚪️➡️ 🎻. + +**FastAPI** 🔜 ⚒ 💭 ✍ 👈 📊 ⚪️➡️ ▶️️ 🥉 ↩️ 🎻. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 📊 ⚪️➡️ 📨 🛎 🗜 ⚙️ "📻 🆎" `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`. + + ✋️ 🕐❔ 📨 🔌 📁, ⚫️ 🗜 `multipart/form-data`. 👆 🔜 ✍ 🔃 🚚 📁 ⏭ 📃. + + 🚥 👆 💚 ✍ 🌖 🔃 👉 🔢 & 📨 🏑, 👳 🏇 🕸 🩺 POST. + +!!! warning + 👆 💪 📣 💗 `Form` 🔢 *➡ 🛠️*, ✋️ 👆 💪 🚫 📣 `Body` 🏑 👈 👆 ⌛ 📨 🎻, 📨 🔜 ✔️ 💪 🗜 ⚙️ `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` ↩️ `application/json`. + + 👉 🚫 🚫 **FastAPI**, ⚫️ 🍕 🇺🇸🔍 🛠️. + +## 🌃 + +⚙️ `Form` 📣 📨 💽 🔢 🔢. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/response-model.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/response-model.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ea4413f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/response-model.md @@ -0,0 +1,481 @@ +# 📨 🏷 - 📨 🆎 + +👆 💪 📣 🆎 ⚙️ 📨 ✍ *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* **📨 🆎**. + +👆 💪 ⚙️ **🆎 ✍** 🎏 🌌 👆 🔜 🔢 💽 🔢 **🔢**, 👆 💪 ⚙️ Pydantic 🏷, 📇, 📖, 📊 💲 💖 🔢, 🎻, ♒️. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="18 23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="18 23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="16 21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01_py310.py!} + ``` + +FastAPI 🔜 ⚙️ 👉 📨 🆎: + +* **✔** 📨 💽. + * 🚥 💽 ❌ (✅ 👆 ❌ 🏑), ⚫️ ⛓ 👈 *👆* 📱 📟 💔, 🚫 🛬 ⚫️❔ ⚫️ 🔜, & ⚫️ 🔜 📨 💽 ❌ ↩️ 🛬 ❌ 💽. 👉 🌌 👆 & 👆 👩‍💻 💪 🎯 👈 👫 🔜 📨 💽 & 💽 💠 📈. +* 🚮 **🎻 🔗** 📨, 🗄 *➡ 🛠️*. + * 👉 🔜 ⚙️ **🏧 🩺**. + * ⚫️ 🔜 ⚙️ 🏧 👩‍💻 📟 ⚡ 🧰. + +✋️ 🏆 🥈: + +* ⚫️ 🔜 **📉 & ⛽** 🔢 📊 ⚫️❔ 🔬 📨 🆎. + * 👉 ✴️ ⚠ **💂‍♂**, 👥 🔜 👀 🌅 👈 🔛. + +## `response_model` 🔢 + +📤 💼 🌐❔ 👆 💪 ⚖️ 💚 📨 💽 👈 🚫 ⚫️❔ ⚫️❔ 🆎 📣. + +🖼, 👆 💪 💚 **📨 📖** ⚖️ 💽 🎚, ✋️ **📣 ⚫️ Pydantic 🏷**. 👉 🌌 Pydantic 🏷 🔜 🌐 💽 🧾, 🔬, ♒️. 🎚 👈 👆 📨 (✅ 📖 ⚖️ 💽 🎚). + +🚥 👆 🚮 📨 🆎 ✍, 🧰 & 👨‍🎨 🔜 😭 ⏮️ (☑) ❌ 💬 👆 👈 👆 🔢 🛬 🆎 (✅#️⃣) 👈 🎏 ⚪️➡️ ⚫️❔ 👆 📣 (✅ Pydantic 🏷). + +📚 💼, 👆 💪 ⚙️ *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨* 🔢 `response_model` ↩️ 📨 🆎. + +👆 💪 ⚙️ `response_model` 🔢 🙆 *➡ 🛠️*: + +* `@app.get()` +* `@app.post()` +* `@app.put()` +* `@app.delete()` +* ♒️. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="17 22 24-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="17 22 24-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="17 22 24-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! note + 👀 👈 `response_model` 🔢 "👨‍🎨" 👩‍🔬 (`get`, `post`, ♒️). 🚫 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, 💖 🌐 🔢 & 💪. + +`response_model` 📨 🎏 🆎 👆 🔜 📣 Pydantic 🏷 🏑,, ⚫️ 💪 Pydantic 🏷, ✋️ ⚫️ 💪, ✅ `list` Pydantic 🏷, 💖 `List[Item]`. + +FastAPI 🔜 ⚙️ 👉 `response_model` 🌐 💽 🧾, 🔬, ♒️. & **🗜 & ⛽ 🔢 📊** 🚮 🆎 📄. + +!!! tip + 🚥 👆 ✔️ ⚠ 🆎 ✅ 👆 👨‍🎨, ✍, ♒️, 👆 💪 📣 🔢 📨 🆎 `Any`. + + 👈 🌌 👆 💬 👨‍🎨 👈 👆 😫 🛬 🕳. ✋️ FastAPI 🔜 💽 🧾, 🔬, 🖥, ♒️. ⏮️ `response_model`. + +### `response_model` 📫 + +🚥 👆 📣 👯‍♂️ 📨 🆎 & `response_model`, `response_model` 🔜 ✊ 📫 & ⚙️ FastAPI. + +👉 🌌 👆 💪 🚮 ☑ 🆎 ✍ 👆 🔢 🕐❔ 👆 🛬 🆎 🎏 🌘 📨 🏷, ⚙️ 👨‍🎨 & 🧰 💖 ✍. & 👆 💪 ✔️ FastAPI 💽 🔬, 🧾, ♒️. ⚙️ `response_model`. + +👆 💪 ⚙️ `response_model=None` ❎ 🏗 📨 🏷 👈 *➡ 🛠️*, 👆 5️⃣📆 💪 ⚫️ 🚥 👆 ❎ 🆎 ✍ 👜 👈 🚫 ☑ Pydantic 🏑, 👆 🔜 👀 🖼 👈 1️⃣ 📄 🔛. + +## 📨 🎏 🔢 💽 + +📥 👥 📣 `UserIn` 🏷, ⚫️ 🔜 🔌 🔢 🔐: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7 9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + ⚙️ `EmailStr`, 🥇 ❎ `email_validator`. + + 🤶 Ⓜ. `pip install email-validator` + ⚖️ `pip install pydantic[email]`. + +& 👥 ⚙️ 👉 🏷 📣 👆 🔢 & 🎏 🏷 📣 👆 🔢: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +🔜, 🕐❔ 🖥 🏗 👩‍💻 ⏮️ 🔐, 🛠️ 🔜 📨 🎏 🔐 📨. + +👉 💼, ⚫️ 💪 🚫 ⚠, ↩️ ⚫️ 🎏 👩‍💻 📨 🔐. + +✋️ 🚥 👥 ⚙️ 🎏 🏷 ➕1️⃣ *➡ 🛠️*, 👥 💪 📨 👆 👩‍💻 🔐 🔠 👩‍💻. + +!!! danger + 🙅 🏪 ✅ 🔐 👩‍💻 ⚖️ 📨 ⚫️ 📨 💖 👉, 🚥 👆 💭 🌐 ⚠ & 👆 💭 ⚫️❔ 👆 🔨. + +## 🚮 🔢 🏷 + +👥 💪 ↩️ ✍ 🔢 🏷 ⏮️ 🔢 🔐 & 🔢 🏷 🍵 ⚫️: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 11 16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 11 16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +📥, ✋️ 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 🛬 🎏 🔢 👩‍💻 👈 🔌 🔐: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +...👥 📣 `response_model` 👆 🏷 `UserOut`, 👈 🚫 🔌 🔐: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +, **FastAPI** 🔜 ✊ 💅 🖥 👅 🌐 💽 👈 🚫 📣 🔢 🏷 (⚙️ Pydantic). + +### `response_model` ⚖️ 📨 🆎 + +👉 💼, ↩️ 2️⃣ 🏷 🎏, 🚥 👥 ✍ 🔢 📨 🆎 `UserOut`, 👨‍🎨 & 🧰 🔜 😭 👈 👥 🛬 ❌ 🆎, 📚 🎏 🎓. + +👈 ⚫️❔ 👉 🖼 👥 ✔️ 📣 ⚫️ `response_model` 🔢. + +...✋️ 😣 👂 🔛 👀 ❔ ❎ 👈. + +## 📨 🆎 & 💽 🖥 + +➡️ 😣 ⚪️➡️ ⏮️ 🖼. 👥 💚 **✍ 🔢 ⏮️ 1️⃣ 🆎** ✋️ 📨 🕳 👈 🔌 **🌅 💽**. + +👥 💚 FastAPI 🚧 **🖥** 📊 ⚙️ 📨 🏷. + +⏮️ 🖼, ↩️ 🎓 🎏, 👥 ✔️ ⚙️ `response_model` 🔢. ✋️ 👈 ⛓ 👈 👥 🚫 🤚 🐕‍🦺 ⚪️➡️ 👨‍🎨 & 🧰 ✅ 🔢 📨 🆎. + +✋️ 🌅 💼 🌐❔ 👥 💪 🕳 💖 👉, 👥 💚 🏷 **⛽/❎** 📊 👉 🖼. + +& 👈 💼, 👥 💪 ⚙️ 🎓 & 🧬 ✊ 📈 🔢 **🆎 ✍** 🤚 👍 🐕‍🦺 👨‍🎨 & 🧰, & 🤚 FastAPI **💽 🖥**. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-13 15-16 20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_01.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7-10 13-14 18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_01_py310.py!} + ``` + +⏮️ 👉, 👥 🤚 🏭 🐕‍🦺, ⚪️➡️ 👨‍🎨 & ✍ 👉 📟 ☑ ⚖ 🆎, ✋️ 👥 🤚 💽 🖥 ⚪️➡️ FastAPI. + +❔ 🔨 👉 👷 ❓ ➡️ ✅ 👈 👅. 👶 + +### 🆎 ✍ & 🏭 + +🥇 ➡️ 👀 ❔ 👨‍🎨, ✍ & 🎏 🧰 🔜 👀 👉. + +`BaseUser` ✔️ 🧢 🏑. ⤴️ `UserIn` 😖 ⚪️➡️ `BaseUser` & 🚮 `password` 🏑,, ⚫️ 🔜 🔌 🌐 🏑 ⚪️➡️ 👯‍♂️ 🏷. + +👥 ✍ 🔢 📨 🆎 `BaseUser`, ✋️ 👥 🤙 🛬 `UserIn` 👐. + +👨‍🎨, ✍, & 🎏 🧰 🏆 🚫 😭 🔃 👉 ↩️, ⌨ ⚖, `UserIn` 🏿 `BaseUser`, ❔ ⛓ ⚫️ *☑* 🆎 🕐❔ ⚫️❔ ⌛ 🕳 👈 `BaseUser`. + +### FastAPI 💽 🖥 + +🔜, FastAPI, ⚫️ 🔜 👀 📨 🆎 & ⚒ 💭 👈 ⚫️❔ 👆 📨 🔌 **🕴** 🏑 👈 📣 🆎. + +FastAPI 🔨 📚 👜 🔘 ⏮️ Pydantic ⚒ 💭 👈 📚 🎏 🚫 🎓 🧬 🚫 ⚙️ 📨 💽 🖥, ⏪ 👆 💪 🔚 🆙 🛬 🌅 🌅 💽 🌘 ⚫️❔ 👆 📈. + +👉 🌌, 👆 💪 🤚 🏆 👯‍♂️ 🌏: 🆎 ✍ ⏮️ **🏭 🐕‍🦺** & **💽 🖥**. + +## 👀 ⚫️ 🩺 + +🕐❔ 👆 👀 🏧 🩺, 👆 💪 ✅ 👈 🔢 🏷 & 🔢 🏷 🔜 👯‍♂️ ✔️ 👫 👍 🎻 🔗: + + + +& 👯‍♂️ 🏷 🔜 ⚙️ 🎓 🛠️ 🧾: + + + +## 🎏 📨 🆎 ✍ + +📤 5️⃣📆 💼 🌐❔ 👆 📨 🕳 👈 🚫 ☑ Pydantic 🏑 & 👆 ✍ ⚫️ 🔢, 🕴 🤚 🐕‍🦺 🚚 🏭 (👨‍🎨, ✍, ♒️). + +### 📨 📨 🔗 + +🏆 ⚠ 💼 🔜 [🛬 📨 🔗 🔬 ⏪ 🏧 🩺](../advanced/response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +```Python hl_lines="8 10-11" +{!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_02.py!} +``` + +👉 🙅 💼 🍵 🔁 FastAPI ↩️ 📨 🆎 ✍ 🎓 (⚖️ 🏿) `Response`. + +& 🧰 🔜 😄 ↩️ 👯‍♂️ `RedirectResponse` & `JSONResponse` 🏿 `Response`, 🆎 ✍ ☑. + +### ✍ 📨 🏿 + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 🏿 `Response` 🆎 ✍: + +```Python hl_lines="8-9" +{!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_03.py!} +``` + +👉 🔜 👷 ↩️ `RedirectResponse` 🏿 `Response`, & FastAPI 🔜 🔁 🍵 👉 🙅 💼. + +### ❌ 📨 🆎 ✍ + +✋️ 🕐❔ 👆 📨 🎏 ❌ 🎚 👈 🚫 ☑ Pydantic 🆎 (✅ 💽 🎚) & 👆 ✍ ⚫️ 💖 👈 🔢, FastAPI 🔜 🔄 ✍ Pydantic 📨 🏷 ⚪️➡️ 👈 🆎 ✍, & 🔜 ❌. + +🎏 🔜 🔨 🚥 👆 ✔️ 🕳 💖 🇪🇺 🖖 🎏 🆎 🌐❔ 1️⃣ ⚖️ 🌅 👫 🚫 ☑ Pydantic 🆎, 🖼 👉 🔜 ❌ 👶: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04_py310.py!} + ``` + +...👉 ❌ ↩️ 🆎 ✍ 🚫 Pydantic 🆎 & 🚫 👁 `Response` 🎓 ⚖️ 🏿, ⚫️ 🇪🇺 (🙆 2️⃣) 🖖 `Response` & `dict`. + +### ❎ 📨 🏷 + +▶️ ⚪️➡️ 🖼 🔛, 👆 5️⃣📆 🚫 💚 ✔️ 🔢 💽 🔬, 🧾, 🖥, ♒️. 👈 🎭 FastAPI. + +✋️ 👆 💪 💚 🚧 📨 🆎 ✍ 🔢 🤚 🐕‍🦺 ⚪️➡️ 🧰 💖 👨‍🎨 & 🆎 ☑ (✅ ✍). + +👉 💼, 👆 💪 ❎ 📨 🏷 ⚡ ⚒ `response_model=None`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_05.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_05_py310.py!} + ``` + +👉 🔜 ⚒ FastAPI 🚶 📨 🏷 ⚡ & 👈 🌌 👆 💪 ✔️ 🙆 📨 🆎 ✍ 👆 💪 🍵 ⚫️ 🤕 👆 FastAPI 🈸. 👶 + +## 📨 🏷 🔢 🔢 + +👆 📨 🏷 💪 ✔️ 🔢 💲, 💖: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="11 13-14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="11 13-14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 11-12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +* `description: Union[str, None] = None` (⚖️ `str | None = None` 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣) ✔️ 🔢 `None`. +* `tax: float = 10.5` ✔️ 🔢 `10.5`. +* `tags: List[str] = []` 🔢 🛁 📇: `[]`. + +✋️ 👆 💪 💚 🚫 👫 ⚪️➡️ 🏁 🚥 👫 🚫 🤙 🏪. + +🖼, 🚥 👆 ✔️ 🏷 ⏮️ 📚 📦 🔢 ☁ 💽, ✋️ 👆 🚫 💚 📨 📶 📏 🎻 📨 🌕 🔢 💲. + +### ⚙️ `response_model_exclude_unset` 🔢 + +👆 💪 ⚒ *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨* 🔢 `response_model_exclude_unset=True`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +& 👈 🔢 💲 🏆 🚫 🔌 📨, 🕴 💲 🤙 ⚒. + +, 🚥 👆 📨 📨 👈 *➡ 🛠️* 🏬 ⏮️ 🆔 `foo`, 📨 (🚫 ✅ 🔢 💲) 🔜: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "price": 50.2 +} +``` + +!!! info + FastAPI ⚙️ Pydantic 🏷 `.dict()` ⏮️ 🚮 `exclude_unset` 🔢 🏆 👉. + +!!! info + 👆 💪 ⚙️: + + * `response_model_exclude_defaults=True` + * `response_model_exclude_none=True` + + 🔬 Pydantic 🩺 `exclude_defaults` & `exclude_none`. + +#### 📊 ⏮️ 💲 🏑 ⏮️ 🔢 + +✋️ 🚥 👆 📊 ✔️ 💲 🏷 🏑 ⏮️ 🔢 💲, 💖 🏬 ⏮️ 🆔 `bar`: + +```Python hl_lines="3 5" +{ + "name": "Bar", + "description": "The bartenders", + "price": 62, + "tax": 20.2 +} +``` + +👫 🔜 🔌 📨. + +#### 📊 ⏮️ 🎏 💲 🔢 + +🚥 📊 ✔️ 🎏 💲 🔢 🕐, 💖 🏬 ⏮️ 🆔 `baz`: + +```Python hl_lines="3 5-6" +{ + "name": "Baz", + "description": None, + "price": 50.2, + "tax": 10.5, + "tags": [] +} +``` + +FastAPI 🙃 🥃 (🤙, Pydantic 🙃 🥃) 🤔 👈, ✋️ `description`, `tax`, & `tags` ✔️ 🎏 💲 🔢, 👫 ⚒ 🎯 (↩️ ✊ ⚪️➡️ 🔢). + +, 👫 🔜 🔌 🎻 📨. + +!!! tip + 👀 👈 🔢 💲 💪 🕳, 🚫 🕴 `None`. + + 👫 💪 📇 (`[]`), `float` `10.5`, ♒️. + +### `response_model_include` & `response_model_exclude` + +👆 💪 ⚙️ *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨* 🔢 `response_model_include` & `response_model_exclude`. + +👫 ✊ `set` `str` ⏮️ 📛 🔢 🔌 (❎ 🎂) ⚖️ 🚫 (✅ 🎂). + +👉 💪 ⚙️ ⏩ ⌨ 🚥 👆 ✔️ 🕴 1️⃣ Pydantic 🏷 & 💚 ❎ 💽 ⚪️➡️ 🔢. + +!!! tip + ✋️ ⚫️ 👍 ⚙️ 💭 🔛, ⚙️ 💗 🎓, ↩️ 👫 🔢. + + 👉 ↩️ 🎻 🔗 🏗 👆 📱 🗄 (& 🩺) 🔜 1️⃣ 🏁 🏷, 🚥 👆 ⚙️ `response_model_include` ⚖️ `response_model_exclude` 🚫 🔢. + + 👉 ✔ `response_model_by_alias` 👈 👷 ➡. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="31 37" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="29 35" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! tip + ❕ `{"name", "description"}` ✍ `set` ⏮️ 📚 2️⃣ 💲. + + ⚫️ 🌓 `set(["name", "description"])`. + +#### ⚙️ `list`Ⓜ ↩️ `set`Ⓜ + +🚥 👆 💭 ⚙️ `set` & ⚙️ `list` ⚖️ `tuple` ↩️, FastAPI 🔜 🗜 ⚫️ `set` & ⚫️ 🔜 👷 ☑: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="31 37" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="29 35" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial006_py310.py!} + ``` + +## 🌃 + +⚙️ *➡ 🛠️ 👨‍🎨* 🔢 `response_model` 🔬 📨 🏷 & ✴️ 🚚 📢 💽 ⛽ 👅. + +⚙️ `response_model_exclude_unset` 📨 🕴 💲 🎯 ⚒. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e5149de7d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +# 📨 👔 📟 + +🎏 🌌 👆 💪 ✔ 📨 🏷, 👆 💪 📣 🇺🇸🔍 👔 📟 ⚙️ 📨 ⏮️ 🔢 `status_code` 🙆 *➡ 🛠️*: + +* `@app.get()` +* `@app.post()` +* `@app.put()` +* `@app.delete()` +* ♒️. + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note + 👀 👈 `status_code` 🔢 "👨‍🎨" 👩‍🔬 (`get`, `post`, ♒️). 🚫 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, 💖 🌐 🔢 & 💪. + +`status_code` 🔢 📨 🔢 ⏮️ 🇺🇸🔍 👔 📟. + +!!! info + `status_code` 💪 👐 📨 `IntEnum`, ✅ 🐍 `http.HTTPStatus`. + +⚫️ 🔜: + +* 📨 👈 👔 📟 📨. +* 📄 ⚫️ ✅ 🗄 🔗 ( & , 👩‍💻 🔢): + + + +!!! note + 📨 📟 (👀 ⏭ 📄) 🎦 👈 📨 🔨 🚫 ✔️ 💪. + + FastAPI 💭 👉, & 🔜 🏭 🗄 🩺 👈 🇵🇸 📤 🙅‍♂ 📨 💪. + +## 🔃 🇺🇸🔍 👔 📟 + +!!! note + 🚥 👆 ⏪ 💭 ⚫️❔ 🇺🇸🔍 👔 📟, 🚶 ⏭ 📄. + +🇺🇸🔍, 👆 📨 🔢 👔 📟 3️⃣ 9️⃣ 🍕 📨. + +👫 👔 📟 ✔️ 📛 🔗 🤔 👫, ✋️ ⚠ 🍕 🔢. + +📏: + +* `100` & 🔛 "ℹ". 👆 🛎 ⚙️ 👫 🔗. 📨 ⏮️ 👫 👔 📟 🚫🔜 ✔️ 💪. +* **`200`** & 🔛 "🏆" 📨. 👫 🕐 👆 🔜 ⚙️ 🏆. + * `200` 🔢 👔 📟, ❔ ⛓ 🌐 "👌". + * ➕1️⃣ 🖼 🔜 `201`, "✍". ⚫️ 🛎 ⚙️ ⏮️ 🏗 🆕 ⏺ 💽. + * 🎁 💼 `204`, "🙅‍♂ 🎚". 👉 📨 ⚙️ 🕐❔ 📤 🙅‍♂ 🎚 📨 👩‍💻, & 📨 🔜 🚫 ✔️ 💪. +* **`300`** & 🔛 "❎". 📨 ⏮️ 👫 👔 📟 5️⃣📆 ⚖️ 5️⃣📆 🚫 ✔️ 💪, 🌖 `304`, "🚫 🔀", ❔ 🔜 🚫 ✔️ 1️⃣. +* **`400`** & 🔛 "👩‍💻 ❌" 📨. 👫 🥈 🆎 👆 🔜 🎲 ⚙️ 🏆. + * 🖼 `404`, "🚫 🔎" 📨. + * 💊 ❌ ⚪️➡️ 👩‍💻, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `400`. +* `500` & 🔛 💽 ❌. 👆 🌖 🙅 ⚙️ 👫 🔗. 🕐❔ 🕳 🚶 ❌ 🍕 👆 🈸 📟, ⚖️ 💽, ⚫️ 🔜 🔁 📨 1️⃣ 👫 👔 📟. + +!!! tip + 💭 🌅 🔃 🔠 👔 📟 & ❔ 📟 ⚫️❔, ✅ 🏇 🧾 🔃 🇺🇸🔍 👔 📟. + +## ⌨ 💭 📛 + +➡️ 👀 ⏮️ 🖼 🔄: + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`201` 👔 📟 "✍". + +✋️ 👆 🚫 ✔️ ✍ ⚫️❔ 🔠 👉 📟 ⛓. + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 🏪 🔢 ⚪️➡️ `fastapi.status`. + +```Python hl_lines="1 6" +{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +👫 🏪, 👫 🧑‍🤝‍🧑 🎏 🔢, ✋️ 👈 🌌 👆 💪 ⚙️ 👨‍🎨 📋 🔎 👫: + + + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette import status`. + + **FastAPI** 🚚 🎏 `starlette.status` `fastapi.status` 🏪 👆, 👩‍💻. ✋️ ⚫️ 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃. + +## 🔀 🔢 + +⏪, [🏧 👩‍💻 🦮](../advanced/response-change-status-code.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, 👆 🔜 👀 ❔ 📨 🎏 👔 📟 🌘 🔢 👆 📣 📥. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d5bf8810a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md @@ -0,0 +1,141 @@ +# 📣 📨 🖼 💽 + +👆 💪 📣 🖼 💽 👆 📱 💪 📨. + +📥 📚 🌌 ⚫️. + +## Pydantic `schema_extra` + +👆 💪 📣 `example` Pydantic 🏷 ⚙️ `Config` & `schema_extra`, 🔬 Pydantic 🩺: 🔗 🛃: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="15-23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="13-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +👈 ➕ ℹ 🔜 🚮-🔢 **🎻 🔗** 👈 🏷, & ⚫️ 🔜 ⚙️ 🛠️ 🩺. + +!!! tip + 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🎏 ⚒ ↔ 🎻 🔗 & 🚮 👆 👍 🛃 ➕ ℹ. + + 🖼 👆 💪 ⚙️ ⚫️ 🚮 🗃 🕸 👩‍💻 🔢, ♒️. + +## `Field` 🌖 ❌ + +🕐❔ ⚙️ `Field()` ⏮️ Pydantic 🏷, 👆 💪 📣 ➕ ℹ **🎻 🔗** 🚶‍♀️ 🙆 🎏 ❌ ❌ 🔢. + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 👉 🚮 `example` 🔠 🏑: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 10-13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="2 8-11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! warning + 🚧 🤯 👈 📚 ➕ ❌ 🚶‍♀️ 🏆 🚫 🚮 🙆 🔬, 🕴 ➕ ℹ, 🧾 🎯. + +## `example` & `examples` 🗄 + +🕐❔ ⚙️ 🙆: + +* `Path()` +* `Query()` +* `Header()` +* `Cookie()` +* `Body()` +* `Form()` +* `File()` + +👆 💪 📣 💽 `example` ⚖️ 👪 `examples` ⏮️ 🌖 ℹ 👈 🔜 🚮 **🗄**. + +### `Body` ⏮️ `example` + +📥 👥 🚶‍♀️ `example` 📊 ⌛ `Body()`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="20-25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="18-23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +### 🖼 🩺 🎚 + +⏮️ 🙆 👩‍🔬 🔛 ⚫️ 🔜 👀 💖 👉 `/docs`: + + + +### `Body` ⏮️ 💗 `examples` + +👐 👁 `example`, 👆 💪 🚶‍♀️ `examples` ⚙️ `dict` ⏮️ **💗 🖼**, 🔠 ⏮️ ➕ ℹ 👈 🔜 🚮 **🗄** 💁‍♂️. + +🔑 `dict` 🔬 🔠 🖼, & 🔠 💲 ➕1️⃣ `dict`. + +🔠 🎯 🖼 `dict` `examples` 💪 🔌: + +* `summary`: 📏 📛 🖼. +* `description`: 📏 📛 👈 💪 🔌 ✍ ✍. +* `value`: 👉 ☑ 🖼 🎦, ✅ `dict`. +* `externalValue`: 🎛 `value`, 📛 ☝ 🖼. 👐 👉 5️⃣📆 🚫 🐕‍🦺 📚 🧰 `value`. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="21-47" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="19-45" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +### 🖼 🩺 🎚 + +⏮️ `examples` 🚮 `Body()` `/docs` 🔜 👀 💖: + + + +## 📡 ℹ + +!!! warning + 👉 📶 📡 ℹ 🔃 🐩 **🎻 🔗** & **🗄**. + + 🚥 💭 🔛 ⏪ 👷 👆, 👈 💪 🥃, & 👆 🎲 🚫 💪 👉 ℹ, 💭 🆓 🚶 👫. + +🕐❔ 👆 🚮 🖼 🔘 Pydantic 🏷, ⚙️ `schema_extra` ⚖️ `Field(example="something")` 👈 🖼 🚮 **🎻 🔗** 👈 Pydantic 🏷. + +& 👈 **🎻 🔗** Pydantic 🏷 🔌 **🗄** 👆 🛠️, & ⤴️ ⚫️ ⚙️ 🩺 🎚. + +**🎻 🔗** 🚫 🤙 ✔️ 🏑 `example` 🐩. ⏮️ ⏬ 🎻 🔗 🔬 🏑 `examples`, ✋️ 🗄 3️⃣.0️⃣.3️⃣ ⚓️ 🔛 🗝 ⏬ 🎻 🔗 👈 🚫 ✔️ `examples`. + +, 🗄 3️⃣.0️⃣.3️⃣ 🔬 🚮 👍 `example` 🔀 ⏬ **🎻 🔗** ⚫️ ⚙️, 🎏 🎯 (✋️ ⚫️ 👁 `example`, 🚫 `examples`), & 👈 ⚫️❔ ⚙️ 🛠️ 🩺 🎚 (⚙️ 🦁 🎚). + +, 👐 `example` 🚫 🍕 🎻 🔗, ⚫️ 🍕 🗄 🛃 ⏬ 🎻 🔗, & 👈 ⚫️❔ 🔜 ⚙️ 🩺 🎚. + +✋️ 🕐❔ 👆 ⚙️ `example` ⚖️ `examples` ⏮️ 🙆 🎏 🚙 (`Query()`, `Body()`, ♒️.) 📚 🖼 🚫 🚮 🎻 🔗 👈 🔬 👈 💽 (🚫 🗄 👍 ⏬ 🎻 🔗), 👫 🚮 🔗 *➡ 🛠️* 📄 🗄 (🏞 🍕 🗄 👈 ⚙️ 🎻 🔗). + +`Path()`, `Query()`, `Header()`, & `Cookie()`, `example` ⚖️ `examples` 🚮 🗄 🔑, `Parameter Object` (🔧). + +& `Body()`, `File()`, & `Form()`, `example` ⚖️ `examples` 📊 🚮 🗄 🔑, `Request Body Object`, 🏑 `content`, 🔛 `Media Type Object` (🔧). + +🔛 🎏 ✋, 📤 🆕 ⏬ 🗄: **3️⃣.1️⃣.0️⃣**, ⏳ 🚀. ⚫️ ⚓️ 🔛 ⏪ 🎻 🔗 & 🏆 🛠️ ⚪️➡️ 🗄 🛃 ⏬ 🎻 🔗 ❎, 💱 ⚒ ⚪️➡️ ⏮️ ⏬ 🎻 🔗, 🌐 👫 🤪 🔺 📉. 👐, 🦁 🎚 ⏳ 🚫 🐕‍🦺 🗄 3️⃣.1️⃣.0️⃣,, 🔜, ⚫️ 👍 😣 ⚙️ 💭 🔛. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6dec6f2c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@ +# 💂‍♂ - 🥇 🔁 + +➡️ 🌈 👈 👆 ✔️ 👆 **👩‍💻** 🛠️ 🆔. + +& 👆 ✔️ **🕸** ➕1️⃣ 🆔 ⚖️ 🎏 ➡ 🎏 🆔 (⚖️ 📱 🈸). + +& 👆 💚 ✔️ 🌌 🕸 🔓 ⏮️ 👩‍💻, ⚙️ **🆔** & **🔐**. + +👥 💪 ⚙️ **Oauth2️⃣** 🏗 👈 ⏮️ **FastAPI**. + +✋️ ➡️ 🖊 👆 🕰 👂 🌕 📏 🔧 🔎 👈 🐥 🍖 ℹ 👆 💪. + +➡️ ⚙️ 🧰 🚚 **FastAPI** 🍵 💂‍♂. + +## ❔ ⚫️ 👀 + +➡️ 🥇 ⚙️ 📟 & 👀 ❔ ⚫️ 👷, & ⤴️ 👥 🔜 👟 🔙 🤔 ⚫️❔ 😥. + +## ✍ `main.py` + +📁 🖼 📁 `main.py`: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## 🏃 ⚫️ + +!!! info + 🥇 ❎ `python-multipart`. + + 🤶 Ⓜ. `pip install python-multipart`. + + 👉 ↩️ **Oauth2️⃣** ⚙️ "📨 📊" 📨 `username` & `password`. + +🏃 🖼 ⏮️: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +## ✅ ⚫️ + +🚶 🎓 🩺: http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +👆 🔜 👀 🕳 💖 👉: + + + +!!! check "✔ 🔼 ❗" + 👆 ⏪ ✔️ ✨ 🆕 "✔" 🔼. + + & 👆 *➡ 🛠️* ✔️ 🐥 🔒 🔝-▶️️ ↩ 👈 👆 💪 🖊. + +& 🚥 👆 🖊 ⚫️, 👆 ✔️ 🐥 ✔ 📨 🆎 `username` & `password` (& 🎏 📦 🏑): + + + +!!! note + ⚫️ 🚫 🤔 ⚫️❔ 👆 🆎 📨, ⚫️ 🏆 🚫 👷. ✋️ 👥 🔜 🤚 📤. + +👉 ↗️ 🚫 🕸 🏁 👩‍💻, ✋️ ⚫️ 👑 🏧 🧰 📄 🖥 🌐 👆 🛠️. + +⚫️ 💪 ⚙️ 🕸 🏉 (👈 💪 👆). + +⚫️ 💪 ⚙️ 🥉 🥳 🈸 & ⚙️. + +& ⚫️ 💪 ⚙️ 👆, ℹ, ✅ & 💯 🎏 🈸. + +## `password` 💧 + +🔜 ➡️ 🚶 🔙 👄 & 🤔 ⚫️❔ 🌐 👈. + +`password` "💧" 1️⃣ 🌌 ("💧") 🔬 Oauth2️⃣, 🍵 💂‍♂ & 🤝. + +Oauth2️⃣ 🔧 👈 👩‍💻 ⚖️ 🛠️ 💪 🔬 💽 👈 🔓 👩‍💻. + +✋️ 👉 💼, 🎏 **FastAPI** 🈸 🔜 🍵 🛠️ & 🤝. + +, ➡️ 📄 ⚫️ ⚪️➡️ 👈 📉 ☝ 🎑: + +* 👩‍💻 🆎 `username` & `password` 🕸, & 🎯 `Enter`. +* 🕸 (🏃‍♂ 👩‍💻 🖥) 📨 👈 `username` & `password` 🎯 📛 👆 🛠️ (📣 ⏮️ `tokenUrl="token"`). +* 🛠️ ✅ 👈 `username` & `password`, & 📨 ⏮️ "🤝" (👥 🚫 🛠️ 🙆 👉). + * "🤝" 🎻 ⏮️ 🎚 👈 👥 💪 ⚙️ ⏪ ✔ 👉 👩‍💻. + * 🛎, 🤝 ⚒ 🕛 ⏮️ 🕰. + * , 👩‍💻 🔜 ✔️ 🕹 🔄 ☝ ⏪. + * & 🚥 🤝 📎, ⚠ 🌘. ⚫️ 🚫 💖 🧲 🔑 👈 🔜 👷 ♾ (🏆 💼). +* 🕸 🏪 👈 🤝 🍕 👱. +* 👩‍💻 🖊 🕸 🚶 ➕1️⃣ 📄 🕸 🕸 📱. +* 🕸 💪 ☕ 🌅 💽 ⚪️➡️ 🛠️. + * ✋️ ⚫️ 💪 🤝 👈 🎯 🔗. + * , 🔓 ⏮️ 👆 🛠️, ⚫️ 📨 🎚 `Authorization` ⏮️ 💲 `Bearer ` ➕ 🤝. + * 🚥 🤝 🔌 `foobar`, 🎚 `Authorization` 🎚 🔜: `Bearer foobar`. + +## **FastAPI**'Ⓜ `OAuth2PasswordBearer` + +**FastAPI** 🚚 📚 🧰, 🎏 🎚 ⚛, 🛠️ 👫 💂‍♂ ⚒. + +👉 🖼 👥 🔜 ⚙️ **Oauth2️⃣**, ⏮️ **🔐** 💧, ⚙️ **📨** 🤝. 👥 👈 ⚙️ `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 🎓. + +!!! info + "📨" 🤝 🚫 🕴 🎛. + + ✋️ ⚫️ 🏆 1️⃣ 👆 ⚙️ 💼. + + & ⚫️ 💪 🏆 🏆 ⚙️ 💼, 🚥 👆 Oauth2️⃣ 🕴 & 💭 ⚫️❔ ⚫️❔ 📤 ➕1️⃣ 🎛 👈 ♣ 👻 👆 💪. + + 👈 💼, **FastAPI** 🚚 👆 ⏮️ 🧰 🏗 ⚫️. + +🕐❔ 👥 ✍ 👐 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 🎓 👥 🚶‍♀️ `tokenUrl` 🔢. 👉 🔢 🔌 📛 👈 👩‍💻 (🕸 🏃 👩‍💻 🖥) 🔜 ⚙️ 📨 `username` & `password` ✔ 🤚 🤝. + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 📥 `tokenUrl="token"` 🔗 ⚖ 📛 `token` 👈 👥 🚫 ✍. ⚫️ ⚖ 📛, ⚫️ 🌓 `./token`. + + ↩️ 👥 ⚙️ ⚖ 📛, 🚥 👆 🛠️ 🔎 `https://example.com/`, ⤴️ ⚫️ 🔜 🔗 `https://example.com/token`. ✋️ 🚥 👆 🛠️ 🔎 `https://example.com/api/v1/`, ⤴️ ⚫️ 🔜 🔗 `https://example.com/api/v1/token`. + + ⚙️ ⚖ 📛 ⚠ ⚒ 💭 👆 🈸 🚧 👷 🏧 ⚙️ 💼 💖 [⛅ 🗳](../../advanced/behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +👉 🔢 🚫 ✍ 👈 🔗 / *➡ 🛠️*, ✋️ 📣 👈 📛 `/token` 🔜 1️⃣ 👈 👩‍💻 🔜 ⚙️ 🤚 🤝. 👈 ℹ ⚙️ 🗄, & ⤴️ 🎓 🛠️ 🧾 ⚙️. + +👥 🔜 🔜 ✍ ☑ ➡ 🛠️. + +!!! info + 🚥 👆 📶 ⚠ "✍" 👆 💪 👎 👗 🔢 📛 `tokenUrl` ↩️ `token_url`. + + 👈 ↩️ ⚫️ ⚙️ 🎏 📛 🗄 🔌. 👈 🚥 👆 💪 🔬 🌅 🔃 🙆 👫 💂‍♂ ⚖ 👆 💪 📁 & 📋 ⚫️ 🔎 🌖 ℹ 🔃 ⚫️. + +`oauth2_scheme` 🔢 👐 `OAuth2PasswordBearer`, ✋️ ⚫️ "🇧🇲". + +⚫️ 💪 🤙: + +```Python +oauth2_scheme(some, parameters) +``` + +, ⚫️ 💪 ⚙️ ⏮️ `Depends`. + +### ⚙️ ⚫️ + +🔜 👆 💪 🚶‍♀️ 👈 `oauth2_scheme` 🔗 ⏮️ `Depends`. + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +👉 🔗 🔜 🚚 `str` 👈 🛠️ 🔢 `token` *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*. + +**FastAPI** 🔜 💭 👈 ⚫️ 💪 ⚙️ 👉 🔗 🔬 "💂‍♂ ⚖" 🗄 🔗 (& 🏧 🛠️ 🩺). + +!!! info "📡 ℹ" + **FastAPI** 🔜 💭 👈 ⚫️ 💪 ⚙️ 🎓 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` (📣 🔗) 🔬 💂‍♂ ⚖ 🗄 ↩️ ⚫️ 😖 ⚪️➡️ `fastapi.security.oauth2.OAuth2`, ❔ 🔄 😖 ⚪️➡️ `fastapi.security.base.SecurityBase`. + + 🌐 💂‍♂ 🚙 👈 🛠️ ⏮️ 🗄 (& 🏧 🛠️ 🩺) 😖 ⚪️➡️ `SecurityBase`, 👈 ❔ **FastAPI** 💪 💭 ❔ 🛠️ 👫 🗄. + +## ⚫️❔ ⚫️ 🔨 + +⚫️ 🔜 🚶 & 👀 📨 👈 `Authorization` 🎚, ✅ 🚥 💲 `Bearer ` ➕ 🤝, & 🔜 📨 🤝 `str`. + +🚥 ⚫️ 🚫 👀 `Authorization` 🎚, ⚖️ 💲 🚫 ✔️ `Bearer ` 🤝, ⚫️ 🔜 📨 ⏮️ 4️⃣0️⃣1️⃣ 👔 📟 ❌ (`UNAUTHORIZED`) 🔗. + +👆 🚫 ✔️ ✅ 🚥 🤝 🔀 📨 ❌. 👆 💪 💭 👈 🚥 👆 🔢 🛠️, ⚫️ 🔜 ✔️ `str` 👈 🤝. + +👆 💪 🔄 ⚫️ ⏪ 🎓 🩺: + + + +👥 🚫 ✔ 🔬 🤝, ✋️ 👈 ▶️ ⏪. + +## 🌃 + +, 3️⃣ ⚖️ 4️⃣ ➕ ⏸, 👆 ⏪ ✔️ 🐒 📨 💂‍♂. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/security/get-current-user.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/security/get-current-user.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..455cb4f46 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/security/get-current-user.md @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +# 🤚 ⏮️ 👩‍💻 + +⏮️ 📃 💂‍♂ ⚙️ (❔ 🧢 🔛 🔗 💉 ⚙️) 🤝 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* `token` `str`: + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +✋️ 👈 🚫 👈 ⚠. + +➡️ ⚒ ⚫️ 🤝 👥 ⏮️ 👩‍💻. + +## ✍ 👩‍💻 🏷 + +🥇, ➡️ ✍ Pydantic 👩‍💻 🏷. + +🎏 🌌 👥 ⚙️ Pydantic 📣 💪, 👥 💪 ⚙️ ⚫️ 🙆 🙆: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="5 12-16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="3 10-14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +## ✍ `get_current_user` 🔗 + +➡️ ✍ 🔗 `get_current_user`. + +💭 👈 🔗 💪 ✔️ 🎧-🔗 ❓ + +`get_current_user` 🔜 ✔️ 🔗 ⏮️ 🎏 `oauth2_scheme` 👥 ✍ ⏭. + +🎏 👥 🔨 ⏭ *➡ 🛠️* 🔗, 👆 🆕 🔗 `get_current_user` 🔜 📨 `token` `str` ⚪️➡️ 🎧-🔗 `oauth2_scheme`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +## 🤚 👩‍💻 + +`get_current_user` 🔜 ⚙️ (❌) 🚙 🔢 👥 ✍, 👈 ✊ 🤝 `str` & 📨 👆 Pydantic `User` 🏷: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="19-22 26-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="17-20 24-25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +## 💉 ⏮️ 👩‍💻 + +🔜 👥 💪 ⚙️ 🎏 `Depends` ⏮️ 👆 `get_current_user` *➡ 🛠️*: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="31" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="29" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +👀 👈 👥 📣 🆎 `current_user` Pydantic 🏷 `User`. + +👉 🔜 ℹ 🇺🇲 🔘 🔢 ⏮️ 🌐 🛠️ & 🆎 ✅. + +!!! tip + 👆 5️⃣📆 💭 👈 📨 💪 📣 ⏮️ Pydantic 🏷. + + 📥 **FastAPI** 🏆 🚫 🤚 😨 ↩️ 👆 ⚙️ `Depends`. + +!!! check + 🌌 👉 🔗 ⚙️ 🏗 ✔ 👥 ✔️ 🎏 🔗 (🎏 "☑") 👈 🌐 📨 `User` 🏷. + + 👥 🚫 🚫 ✔️ 🕴 1️⃣ 🔗 👈 💪 📨 👈 🆎 💽. + +## 🎏 🏷 + +👆 💪 🔜 🤚 ⏮️ 👩‍💻 🔗 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* & 🙅 ⏮️ 💂‍♂ 🛠️ **🔗 💉** 🎚, ⚙️ `Depends`. + +& 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🙆 🏷 ⚖️ 💽 💂‍♂ 📄 (👉 💼, Pydantic 🏷 `User`). + +✋️ 👆 🚫 🚫 ⚙️ 🎯 💽 🏷, 🎓 ⚖️ 🆎. + +👆 💚 ✔️ `id` & `email` & 🚫 ✔️ 🙆 `username` 👆 🏷 ❓ 💭. 👆 💪 ⚙️ 👉 🎏 🧰. + +👆 💚 ✔️ `str`❓ ⚖️ `dict`❓ ⚖️ 💽 🎓 🏷 👐 🔗 ❓ ⚫️ 🌐 👷 🎏 🌌. + +👆 🤙 🚫 ✔️ 👩‍💻 👈 🕹 👆 🈸 ✋️ 🤖, 🤖, ⚖️ 🎏 ⚙️, 👈 ✔️ 🔐 🤝 ❓ 🔄, ⚫️ 🌐 👷 🎏. + +⚙️ 🙆 😇 🏷, 🙆 😇 🎓, 🙆 😇 💽 👈 👆 💪 👆 🈸. **FastAPI** ✔️ 👆 📔 ⏮️ 🔗 💉 ⚙️. + +## 📟 📐 + +👉 🖼 5️⃣📆 😑 🔁. ✔️ 🤯 👈 👥 🌀 💂‍♂, 📊 🏷, 🚙 🔢 & *➡ 🛠️* 🎏 📁. + +✋️ 📥 🔑 ☝. + +💂‍♂ & 🔗 💉 💩 ✍ 🕐. + +& 👆 💪 ⚒ ⚫️ 🏗 👆 💚. & , ✔️ ⚫️ ✍ 🕴 🕐, 👁 🥉. ⏮️ 🌐 💪. + +✋️ 👆 💪 ✔️ 💯 🔗 (*➡ 🛠️*) ⚙️ 🎏 💂‍♂ ⚙️. + +& 🌐 👫 (⚖️ 🙆 ↔ 👫 👈 👆 💚) 💪 ✊ 📈 🏤-⚙️ 👫 🔗 ⚖️ 🙆 🎏 🔗 👆 ✍. + +& 🌐 👉 💯 *➡ 🛠️* 💪 🤪 3️⃣ ⏸: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="30-32" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="28-30" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +## 🌃 + +👆 💪 🔜 🤚 ⏮️ 👩‍💻 🔗 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*. + +👥 ⏪ 😬 📤. + +👥 💪 🚮 *➡ 🛠️* 👩‍💻/👩‍💻 🤙 📨 `username` & `password`. + +👈 👟 ⏭. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/security/index.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/security/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d76f7203f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/security/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +# 💂‍♂ + +📤 📚 🌌 🍵 💂‍♂, 🤝 & ✔. + +& ⚫️ 🛎 🏗 & "⚠" ❔. + +📚 🛠️ & ⚙️ 🍵 💂‍♂ & 🤝 ✊ 🦏 💸 🎯 & 📟 (📚 💼 ⚫️ 💪 5️⃣0️⃣ 💯 ⚖️ 🌅 🌐 📟 ✍). + +**FastAPI** 🚚 📚 🧰 ℹ 👆 🙅 ⏮️ **💂‍♂** 💪, 📉, 🐩 🌌, 🍵 ✔️ 🔬 & 💡 🌐 💂‍♂ 🔧. + +✋️ 🥇, ➡️ ✅ 🤪 🔧. + +## 🏃 ❓ + +🚥 👆 🚫 💅 🔃 🙆 👉 ⚖ & 👆 💪 🚮 💂‍♂ ⏮️ 🤝 ⚓️ 🔛 🆔 & 🔐 *▶️️ 🔜*, 🚶 ⏭ 📃. + +## Oauth2️⃣ + +Oauth2️⃣ 🔧 👈 🔬 📚 🌌 🍵 🤝 & ✔. + +⚫️ 🔬 🔧 & 📔 📚 🏗 ⚙️ 💼. + +⚫️ 🔌 🌌 🔓 ⚙️ "🥉 🥳". + +👈 ⚫️❔ 🌐 ⚙️ ⏮️ "💳 ⏮️ 👱📔, 🇺🇸🔍, 👱📔, 📂" ⚙️ 🔘. + +### ✳ 1️⃣ + +📤 ✳ 1️⃣, ❔ 📶 🎏 ⚪️➡️ Oauth2️⃣, & 🌖 🏗, ⚫️ 🔌 🔗 🔧 🔛 ❔ 🗜 📻. + +⚫️ 🚫 📶 🌟 ⚖️ ⚙️ 🛎. + +Oauth2️⃣ 🚫 ✔ ❔ 🗜 📻, ⚫️ ⌛ 👆 ✔️ 👆 🈸 🍦 ⏮️ 🇺🇸🔍. + +!!! tip + 📄 🔃 **🛠️** 👆 🔜 👀 ❔ ⚒ 🆙 🇺🇸🔍 🆓, ⚙️ Traefik & ➡️ 🗜. + + +## 👩‍💻 🔗 + +👩‍💻 🔗 ➕1️⃣ 🔧, 🧢 🔛 **Oauth2️⃣**. + +⚫️ ↔ Oauth2️⃣ ✔ 👜 👈 📶 🌌 Oauth2️⃣, 🔄 ⚒ ⚫️ 🌅 🛠️. + +🖼, 🇺🇸🔍 💳 ⚙️ 👩‍💻 🔗 (❔ 🔘 ⚙️ Oauth2️⃣). + +✋️ 👱📔 💳 🚫 🐕‍🦺 👩‍💻 🔗. ⚫️ ✔️ 🚮 👍 🍛 Oauth2️⃣. + +### 👩‍💻 (🚫 "👩‍💻 🔗") + +📤 "👩‍💻" 🔧. 👈 🔄 ❎ 🎏 👜 **👩‍💻 🔗**, ✋️ 🚫 ⚓️ 🔛 Oauth2️⃣. + +, ⚫️ 🏁 🌖 ⚙️. + +⚫️ 🚫 📶 🌟 ⚖️ ⚙️ 🛎. + +## 🗄 + +🗄 (⏪ 💭 🦁) 📂 🔧 🏗 🔗 (🔜 🍕 💾 🏛). + +**FastAPI** ⚓️ 🔛 **🗄**. + +👈 ⚫️❔ ⚒ ⚫️ 💪 ✔️ 💗 🏧 🎓 🧾 🔢, 📟 ⚡, ♒️. + +🗄 ✔️ 🌌 🔬 💗 💂‍♂ "⚖". + +⚙️ 👫, 👆 💪 ✊ 📈 🌐 👫 🐩-⚓️ 🧰, 🔌 👉 🎓 🧾 ⚙️. + +🗄 🔬 📄 💂‍♂ ⚖: + +* `apiKey`: 🈸 🎯 🔑 👈 💪 👟 ⚪️➡️: + * 🔢 🔢. + * 🎚. + * 🍪. +* `http`: 🐩 🇺🇸🔍 🤝 ⚙️, 🔌: + * `bearer`: 🎚 `Authorization` ⏮️ 💲 `Bearer ` ➕ 🤝. 👉 😖 ⚪️➡️ Oauth2️⃣. + * 🇺🇸🔍 🔰 🤝. + * 🇺🇸🔍 📰, ♒️. +* `oauth2`: 🌐 Oauth2️⃣ 🌌 🍵 💂‍♂ (🤙 "💧"). + * 📚 👫 💧 ☑ 🏗 ✳ 2️⃣.0️⃣ 🤝 🐕‍🦺 (💖 🇺🇸🔍, 👱📔, 👱📔, 📂, ♒️): + * `implicit` + * `clientCredentials` + * `authorizationCode` + * ✋️ 📤 1️⃣ 🎯 "💧" 👈 💪 👌 ⚙️ 🚚 🤝 🎏 🈸 🔗: + * `password`: ⏭ 📃 🔜 📔 🖼 👉. +* `openIdConnect`: ✔️ 🌌 🔬 ❔ 🔎 Oauth2️⃣ 🤝 📊 🔁. + * 👉 🏧 🔍 ⚫️❔ 🔬 👩‍💻 🔗 🔧. + + +!!! tip + 🛠️ 🎏 🤝/✔ 🐕‍🦺 💖 🇺🇸🔍, 👱📔, 👱📔, 📂, ♒️. 💪 & 📶 ⏩. + + 🌅 🏗 ⚠ 🏗 🤝/✔ 🐕‍🦺 💖 👈, ✋️ **FastAPI** 🤝 👆 🧰 ⚫️ 💪, ⏪ 🔨 🏋️ 🏋‍♂ 👆. + +## **FastAPI** 🚙 + +FastAPI 🚚 📚 🧰 🔠 👉 💂‍♂ ⚖ `fastapi.security` 🕹 👈 📉 ⚙️ 👉 💂‍♂ 🛠️. + +⏭ 📃 👆 🔜 👀 ❔ 🚮 💂‍♂ 👆 🛠️ ⚙️ 📚 🧰 🚚 **FastAPI**. + +& 👆 🔜 👀 ❔ ⚫️ 🤚 🔁 🛠️ 🔘 🎓 🧾 ⚙️. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bc3c943f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md @@ -0,0 +1,297 @@ +# Oauth2️⃣ ⏮️ 🔐 (& 🔁), 📨 ⏮️ 🥙 🤝 + +🔜 👈 👥 ✔️ 🌐 💂‍♂ 💧, ➡️ ⚒ 🈸 🤙 🔐, ⚙️ 🥙 🤝 & 🔐 🔐 🔁. + +👉 📟 🕳 👆 💪 🤙 ⚙️ 👆 🈸, 🖊 🔐 #️⃣ 👆 💽, ♒️. + +👥 🔜 ▶️ ⚪️➡️ 🌐❔ 👥 ◀️ ⏮️ 📃 & 📈 ⚫️. + +## 🔃 🥙 + +🥙 ⛓ "🎻 🕸 🤝". + +⚫️ 🐩 🚫 🎻 🎚 📏 💧 🎻 🍵 🚀. ⚫️ 👀 💖 👉: + +``` +eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiaWF0IjoxNTE2MjM5MDIyfQ.SflKxwRJSMeKKF2QT4fwpMeJf36POk6yJV_adQssw5c +``` + +⚫️ 🚫 🗜,, 🙆 💪 🛡 ℹ ⚪️➡️ 🎚. + +✋️ ⚫️ 🛑. , 🕐❔ 👆 📨 🤝 👈 👆 ♨, 👆 💪 ✔ 👈 👆 🤙 ♨ ⚫️. + +👈 🌌, 👆 💪 ✍ 🤝 ⏮️ 👔, ➡️ 💬, 1️⃣ 🗓️. & ⤴️ 🕐❔ 👩‍💻 👟 🔙 ⏭ 📆 ⏮️ 🤝, 👆 💭 👈 👩‍💻 🕹 👆 ⚙️. + +⏮️ 🗓️, 🤝 🔜 🕛 & 👩‍💻 🔜 🚫 ✔ & 🔜 ✔️ 🛑 🔄 🤚 🆕 🤝. & 🚥 👩‍💻 (⚖️ 🥉 🥳) 🔄 🔀 🤝 🔀 👔, 👆 🔜 💪 🔎 ⚫️, ↩️ 💳 🔜 🚫 🏏. + +🚥 👆 💚 🤾 ⏮️ 🥙 🤝 & 👀 ❔ 👫 👷, ✅ https://jwt.io. + +## ❎ `python-jose` + +👥 💪 ❎ `python-jose` 🏗 & ✔ 🥙 🤝 🐍: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "python-jose[cryptography]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +🐍-🇩🇬 🚚 🔐 👩‍💻 ➕. + +📥 👥 ⚙️ 👍 1️⃣: )/⚛. + +!!! tip + 👉 🔰 ⏪ ⚙️ PyJWT. + + ✋️ ⚫️ ℹ ⚙️ 🐍-🇩🇬 ↩️ ⚫️ 🚚 🌐 ⚒ ⚪️➡️ PyJWT ➕ ➕ 👈 👆 💪 💪 ⏪ 🕐❔ 🏗 🛠️ ⏮️ 🎏 🧰. + +## 🔐 🔁 + +"🔁" ⛓ 🏭 🎚 (🔐 👉 💼) 🔘 🔁 🔢 (🎻) 👈 👀 💖 🙃. + +🕐❔ 👆 🚶‍♀️ ⚫️❔ 🎏 🎚 (⚫️❔ 🎏 🔐) 👆 🤚 ⚫️❔ 🎏 🙃. + +✋️ 👆 🚫🔜 🗜 ⚪️➡️ 🙃 🔙 🔐. + +### ⚫️❔ ⚙️ 🔐 🔁 + +🚥 👆 💽 📎, 🧙‍♀ 🏆 🚫 ✔️ 👆 👩‍💻' 🔢 🔐, 🕴#️⃣. + +, 🧙‍♀ 🏆 🚫 💪 🔄 ⚙️ 👈 🔐 ➕1️⃣ ⚙️ (📚 👩‍💻 ⚙️ 🎏 🔐 🌐, 👉 🔜 ⚠). + +## ❎ `passlib` + +🇸🇲 👑 🐍 📦 🍵 🔐#️⃣. + +⚫️ 🐕‍🦺 📚 🔐 🔁 📊 & 🚙 👷 ⏮️ 👫. + +👍 📊 "🐡". + +, ❎ 🇸🇲 ⏮️ 🐡: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "passlib[bcrypt]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +!!! tip + ⏮️ `passlib`, 👆 💪 🔗 ⚫️ 💪 ✍ 🔐 ✍ **✳**, **🏺** 💂‍♂ 🔌-⚖️ 📚 🎏. + + , 👆 🔜 💪, 🖼, 💰 🎏 📊 ⚪️➡️ ✳ 🈸 💽 ⏮️ FastAPI 🈸. ⚖️ 📉 ↔ ✳ 🈸 ⚙️ 🎏 💽. + + & 👆 👩‍💻 🔜 💪 💳 ⚪️➡️ 👆 ✳ 📱 ⚖️ ⚪️➡️ 👆 **FastAPI** 📱, 🎏 🕰. + +## #️⃣ & ✔ 🔐 + +🗄 🧰 👥 💪 ⚪️➡️ `passlib`. + +✍ 🇸🇲 "🔑". 👉 ⚫️❔ 🔜 ⚙️ #️⃣ & ✔ 🔐. + +!!! tip + 🇸🇲 🔑 ✔️ 🛠️ ⚙️ 🎏 🔁 📊, 🔌 😢 🗝 🕐 🕴 ✔ ✔ 👫, ♒️. + + 🖼, 👆 💪 ⚙️ ⚫️ ✍ & ✔ 🔐 🏗 ➕1️⃣ ⚙️ (💖 ✳) ✋️ #️⃣ 🙆 🆕 🔐 ⏮️ 🎏 📊 💖 🐡. + + & 🔗 ⏮️ 🌐 👫 🎏 🕰. + +✍ 🚙 🔢 #️⃣ 🔐 👟 ⚪️➡️ 👩‍💻. + +& ➕1️⃣ 🚙 ✔ 🚥 📨 🔐 🏏 #️⃣ 🏪. + +& ➕1️⃣ 1️⃣ 🔓 & 📨 👩‍💻. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7 48 55-56 59-60 69-75" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="6 47 54-55 58-59 68-74" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! note + 🚥 👆 ✅ 🆕 (❌) 💽 `fake_users_db`, 👆 🔜 👀 ❔ #️⃣ 🔐 👀 💖 🔜: `"$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW"`. + +## 🍵 🥙 🤝 + +🗄 🕹 ❎. + +✍ 🎲 ㊙ 🔑 👈 🔜 ⚙️ 🛑 🥙 🤝. + +🏗 🔐 🎲 ㊙ 🔑 ⚙️ 📋: + +
+ +```console +$ openssl rand -hex 32 + +09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7 +``` + +
+ +& 📁 🔢 🔢 `SECRET_KEY` (🚫 ⚙️ 1️⃣ 🖼). + +✍ 🔢 `ALGORITHM` ⏮️ 📊 ⚙️ 🛑 🥙 🤝 & ⚒ ⚫️ `"HS256"`. + +✍ 🔢 👔 🤝. + +🔬 Pydantic 🏷 👈 🔜 ⚙️ 🤝 🔗 📨. + +✍ 🚙 🔢 🏗 🆕 🔐 🤝. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="6 12-14 28-30 78-86" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="5 11-13 27-29 77-85" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +## ℹ 🔗 + +ℹ `get_current_user` 📨 🎏 🤝 ⏭, ✋️ 👉 🕰, ⚙️ 🥙 🤝. + +🔣 📨 🤝, ✔ ⚫️, & 📨 ⏮️ 👩‍💻. + +🚥 🤝 ❌, 📨 🇺🇸🔍 ❌ ▶️️ ↖️. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="89-106" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="88-105" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +## ℹ `/token` *➡ 🛠️* + +✍ `timedelta` ⏮️ 👔 🕰 🤝. + +✍ 🎰 🥙 🔐 🤝 & 📨 ⚫️. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="115-130" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="114-129" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +### 📡 ℹ 🔃 🥙 "📄" `sub` + +🥙 🔧 💬 👈 📤 🔑 `sub`, ⏮️ 📄 🤝. + +⚫️ 📦 ⚙️ ⚫️, ✋️ 👈 🌐❔ 👆 🔜 🚮 👩‍💻 🆔, 👥 ⚙️ ⚫️ 📥. + +🥙 5️⃣📆 ⚙️ 🎏 👜 ↖️ ⚪️➡️ ⚖ 👩‍💻 & 🤝 👫 🎭 🛠️ 🔗 🔛 👆 🛠️. + +🖼, 👆 💪 🔬 "🚘" ⚖️ "📰 🏤". + +⤴️ 👆 💪 🚮 ✔ 🔃 👈 👨‍💼, 💖 "💾" (🚘) ⚖️ "✍" (📰). + +& ⤴️, 👆 💪 🤝 👈 🥙 🤝 👩‍💻 (⚖️ 🤖), & 👫 💪 ⚙️ ⚫️ 🎭 👈 🎯 (💾 🚘, ⚖️ ✍ 📰 🏤) 🍵 💆‍♂ ✔️ 🏧, ⏮️ 🥙 🤝 👆 🛠️ 🏗 👈. + +⚙️ 👫 💭, 🥙 💪 ⚙️ 🌌 🌖 🤓 😐. + +📚 💼, 📚 👈 👨‍💼 💪 ✔️ 🎏 🆔, ➡️ 💬 `foo` (👩‍💻 `foo`, 🚘 `foo`, & 📰 🏤 `foo`). + +, ❎ 🆔 💥, 🕐❔ 🏗 🥙 🤝 👩‍💻, 👆 💪 🔡 💲 `sub` 🔑, ✅ ⏮️ `username:`. , 👉 🖼, 💲 `sub` 💪 ✔️: `username:johndoe`. + +⚠ 👜 ✔️ 🤯 👈 `sub` 🔑 🔜 ✔️ 😍 🆔 🤭 🎂 🈸, & ⚫️ 🔜 🎻. + +## ✅ ⚫️ + +🏃 💽 & 🚶 🩺: http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +👆 🔜 👀 👩‍💻 🔢 💖: + + + +✔ 🈸 🎏 🌌 ⏭. + +⚙️ 🎓: + +🆔: `johndoe` +🔐: `secret` + +!!! check + 👀 👈 🕳 📟 🔢 🔐 "`secret`", 👥 🕴 ✔️ #️⃣ ⏬. + + + +🤙 🔗 `/users/me/`, 👆 🔜 🤚 📨: + +```JSON +{ + "username": "johndoe", + "email": "johndoe@example.com", + "full_name": "John Doe", + "disabled": false +} +``` + + + +🚥 👆 📂 👩‍💻 🧰, 👆 💪 👀 ❔ 📊 📨 🕴 🔌 🤝, 🔐 🕴 📨 🥇 📨 🔓 👩‍💻 & 🤚 👈 🔐 🤝, ✋️ 🚫 ⏮️: + + + +!!! note + 👀 🎚 `Authorization`, ⏮️ 💲 👈 ▶️ ⏮️ `Bearer `. + +## 🏧 ⚙️ ⏮️ `scopes` + +Oauth2️⃣ ✔️ 🔑 "↔". + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 👫 🚮 🎯 ⚒ ✔ 🥙 🤝. + +⤴️ 👆 💪 🤝 👉 🤝 👩‍💻 🔗 ⚖️ 🥉 🥳, 🔗 ⏮️ 👆 🛠️ ⏮️ ⚒ 🚫. + +👆 💪 💡 ❔ ⚙️ 👫 & ❔ 👫 🛠️ 🔘 **FastAPI** ⏪ **🏧 👩‍💻 🦮**. + +## 🌃 + +⏮️ ⚫️❔ 👆 ✔️ 👀 🆙 🔜, 👆 💪 ⚒ 🆙 🔐 **FastAPI** 🈸 ⚙️ 🐩 💖 Oauth2️⃣ & 🥙. + +🌖 🙆 🛠️ 🚚 💂‍♂ ▶️️ 👍 🏗 📄 🔜. + +📚 📦 👈 📉 ⚫️ 📚 ✔️ ⚒ 📚 ⚠ ⏮️ 💽 🏷, 💽, & 💪 ⚒. & 👉 📦 👈 📉 👜 💁‍♂️ 🌅 🤙 ✔️ 💂‍♂ ⚠ 🔘. + +--- + +**FastAPI** 🚫 ⚒ 🙆 ⚠ ⏮️ 🙆 💽, 💽 🏷 ⚖️ 🧰. + +⚫️ 🤝 👆 🌐 💪 ⚒ 🕐 👈 👖 👆 🏗 🏆. + +& 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🔗 📚 👍 🚧 & 🛎 ⚙️ 📦 💖 `passlib` & `python-jose`, ↩️ **FastAPI** 🚫 🚚 🙆 🏗 🛠️ 🛠️ 🔢 📦. + +✋️ ⚫️ 🚚 👆 🧰 📉 🛠️ 🌅 💪 🍵 🎯 💪, ⚖, ⚖️ 💂‍♂. + +& 👆 💪 ⚙️ & 🛠️ 🔐, 🐩 🛠️, 💖 Oauth2️⃣ 📶 🙅 🌌. + +👆 💪 💡 🌅 **🏧 👩‍💻 🦮** 🔃 ❔ ⚙️ Oauth2️⃣ "↔", 🌖 👌-🧽 ✔ ⚙️, 📄 👫 🎏 🐩. Oauth2️⃣ ⏮️ ↔ 🛠️ ⚙️ 📚 🦏 🤝 🐕‍🦺, 💖 👱📔, 🇺🇸🔍, 📂, 🤸‍♂, 👱📔, ♒️. ✔ 🥉 🥳 🈸 🔗 ⏮️ 👫 🔗 🔛 👨‍💼 👫 👩‍💻. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..765d94039 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2.md @@ -0,0 +1,315 @@ +# 🙅 Oauth2️⃣ ⏮️ 🔐 & 📨 + +🔜 ➡️ 🏗 ⚪️➡️ ⏮️ 📃 & 🚮 ❌ 🍕 ✔️ 🏁 💂‍♂ 💧. + +## 🤚 `username` & `password` + +👥 🔜 ⚙️ **FastAPI** 💂‍♂ 🚙 🤚 `username` & `password`. + +Oauth2️⃣ ✔ 👈 🕐❔ ⚙️ "🔐 💧" (👈 👥 ⚙️) 👩‍💻/👩‍💻 🔜 📨 `username` & `password` 🏑 📨 💽. + +& 🔌 💬 👈 🏑 ✔️ 🌟 💖 👈. `user-name` ⚖️ `email` 🚫🔜 👷. + +✋️ 🚫 😟, 👆 💪 🎦 ⚫️ 👆 🎋 👆 🏁 👩‍💻 🕸. + +& 👆 💽 🏷 💪 ⚙️ 🙆 🎏 📛 👆 💚. + +✋️ 💳 *➡ 🛠️*, 👥 💪 ⚙️ 👉 📛 🔗 ⏮️ 🔌 (& 💪, 🖼, ⚙️ 🛠️ 🛠️ 🧾 ⚙️). + +🔌 🇵🇸 👈 `username` & `password` 🔜 📨 📨 💽 (, 🙅‍♂ 🎻 📥). + +### `scope` + +🔌 💬 👈 👩‍💻 💪 📨 ➕1️⃣ 📨 🏑 "`scope`". + +📨 🏑 📛 `scope` (⭐), ✋️ ⚫️ 🤙 📏 🎻 ⏮️ "↔" 🎏 🚀. + +🔠 "↔" 🎻 (🍵 🚀). + +👫 🛎 ⚙️ 📣 🎯 💂‍♂ ✔, 🖼: + +* `users:read` ⚖️ `users:write` ⚠ 🖼. +* `instagram_basic` ⚙️ 👱📔 / 👱📔. +* `https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive` ⚙️ 🇺🇸🔍. + +!!! info + Oauth2️⃣ "↔" 🎻 👈 📣 🎯 ✔ ✔. + + ⚫️ 🚫 🤔 🚥 ⚫️ ✔️ 🎏 🦹 💖 `:` ⚖️ 🚥 ⚫️ 📛. + + 👈 ℹ 🛠️ 🎯. + + Oauth2️⃣ 👫 🎻. + +## 📟 🤚 `username` & `password` + +🔜 ➡️ ⚙️ 🚙 🚚 **FastAPI** 🍵 👉. + +### `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` + +🥇, 🗄 `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm`, & ⚙️ ⚫️ 🔗 ⏮️ `Depends` *➡ 🛠️* `/token`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 76" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="2 74" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +`OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` 🎓 🔗 👈 📣 📨 💪 ⏮️: + +* `username`. +* `password`. +* 📦 `scope` 🏑 🦏 🎻, ✍ 🎻 🎏 🚀. +* 📦 `grant_type`. + +!!! tip + Oauth2️⃣ 🔌 🤙 *🚚* 🏑 `grant_type` ⏮️ 🔧 💲 `password`, ✋️ `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` 🚫 🛠️ ⚫️. + + 🚥 👆 💪 🛠️ ⚫️, ⚙️ `OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict` ↩️ `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm`. + +* 📦 `client_id` (👥 🚫 💪 ⚫️ 👆 🖼). +* 📦 `client_secret` (👥 🚫 💪 ⚫️ 👆 🖼). + +!!! info + `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` 🚫 🎁 🎓 **FastAPI** `OAuth2PasswordBearer`. + + `OAuth2PasswordBearer` ⚒ **FastAPI** 💭 👈 ⚫️ 💂‍♂ ⚖. ⚫️ 🚮 👈 🌌 🗄. + + ✋️ `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` 🎓 🔗 👈 👆 💪 ✔️ ✍ 👆, ⚖️ 👆 💪 ✔️ 📣 `Form` 🔢 🔗. + + ✋️ ⚫️ ⚠ ⚙️ 💼, ⚫️ 🚚 **FastAPI** 🔗, ⚒ ⚫️ ⏩. + +### ⚙️ 📨 💽 + +!!! tip + 👐 🔗 🎓 `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` 🏆 🚫 ✔️ 🔢 `scope` ⏮️ 📏 🎻 👽 🚀, ↩️, ⚫️ 🔜 ✔️ `scopes` 🔢 ⏮️ ☑ 📇 🎻 🔠 ↔ 📨. + + 👥 🚫 ⚙️ `scopes` 👉 🖼, ✋️ 🛠️ 📤 🚥 👆 💪 ⚫️. + +🔜, 🤚 👩‍💻 📊 ⚪️➡️ (❌) 💽, ⚙️ `username` ⚪️➡️ 📨 🏑. + +🚥 📤 🙅‍♂ ✅ 👩‍💻, 👥 📨 ❌ 💬 "❌ 🆔 ⚖️ 🔐". + +❌, 👥 ⚙️ ⚠ `HTTPException`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="3 77-79" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 75-77" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +### ✅ 🔐 + +👉 ☝ 👥 ✔️ 👩‍💻 📊 ⚪️➡️ 👆 💽, ✋️ 👥 🚫 ✅ 🔐. + +➡️ 🚮 👈 💽 Pydantic `UserInDB` 🏷 🥇. + +👆 🔜 🙅 🖊 🔢 🔐,, 👥 🔜 ⚙️ (❌) 🔐 🔁 ⚙️. + +🚥 🔐 🚫 🏏, 👥 📨 🎏 ❌. + +#### 🔐 🔁 + +"🔁" ⛓: 🏭 🎚 (🔐 👉 💼) 🔘 🔁 🔢 (🎻) 👈 👀 💖 🙃. + +🕐❔ 👆 🚶‍♀️ ⚫️❔ 🎏 🎚 (⚫️❔ 🎏 🔐) 👆 🤚 ⚫️❔ 🎏 🙃. + +✋️ 👆 🚫🔜 🗜 ⚪️➡️ 🙃 🔙 🔐. + +##### ⚫️❔ ⚙️ 🔐 🔁 + +🚥 👆 💽 📎, 🧙‍♀ 🏆 🚫 ✔️ 👆 👩‍💻' 🔢 🔐, 🕴#️⃣. + +, 🧙‍♀ 🏆 🚫 💪 🔄 ⚙️ 👈 🎏 🔐 ➕1️⃣ ⚙️ (📚 👩‍💻 ⚙️ 🎏 🔐 🌐, 👉 🔜 ⚠). + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="80-83" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="78-81" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +#### 🔃 `**user_dict` + +`UserInDB(**user_dict)` ⛓: + +*🚶‍♀️ 🔑 & 💲 `user_dict` 🔗 🔑-💲 ❌, 🌓:* + +```Python +UserInDB( + username = user_dict["username"], + email = user_dict["email"], + full_name = user_dict["full_name"], + disabled = user_dict["disabled"], + hashed_password = user_dict["hashed_password"], +) +``` + +!!! info + 🌅 🏁 🔑 `**👩‍💻_ #️⃣ ` ✅ 🔙 [🧾 **➕ 🏷**](../extra-models.md#about-user_indict){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## 📨 🤝 + +📨 `token` 🔗 🔜 🎻 🎚. + +⚫️ 🔜 ✔️ `token_type`. 👆 💼, 👥 ⚙️ "📨" 🤝, 🤝 🆎 🔜 "`bearer`". + +& ⚫️ 🔜 ✔️ `access_token`, ⏮️ 🎻 ⚗ 👆 🔐 🤝. + +👉 🙅 🖼, 👥 🔜 🍕 😟 & 📨 🎏 `username` 🤝. + +!!! tip + ⏭ 📃, 👆 🔜 👀 🎰 🔐 🛠️, ⏮️ 🔐 #️⃣ & 🥙 🤝. + + ✋️ 🔜, ➡️ 🎯 🔛 🎯 ℹ 👥 💪. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="85" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="83" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! tip + 🔌, 👆 🔜 📨 🎻 ⏮️ `access_token` & `token_type`, 🎏 👉 🖼. + + 👉 🕳 👈 👆 ✔️ 👆 👆 📟, & ⚒ 💭 👆 ⚙️ 📚 🎻 🔑. + + ⚫️ 🌖 🕴 👜 👈 👆 ✔️ 💭 ☑ 👆, 🛠️ ⏮️ 🔧. + + 🎂, **FastAPI** 🍵 ⚫️ 👆. + +## ℹ 🔗 + +🔜 👥 🔜 ℹ 👆 🔗. + +👥 💚 🤚 `current_user` *🕴* 🚥 👉 👩‍💻 🦁. + +, 👥 ✍ 🌖 🔗 `get_current_active_user` 👈 🔄 ⚙️ `get_current_user` 🔗. + +👯‍♂️ 👉 🔗 🔜 📨 🇺🇸🔍 ❌ 🚥 👩‍💻 🚫 🔀, ⚖️ 🚥 🔕. + +, 👆 🔗, 👥 🔜 🕴 🤚 👩‍💻 🚥 👩‍💻 🔀, ☑ 🔓, & 🦁: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="58-66 69-72 90" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="55-64 67-70 88" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + 🌖 🎚 `WWW-Authenticate` ⏮️ 💲 `Bearer` 👥 🛬 📥 🍕 🔌. + + 🙆 🇺🇸🔍 (❌) 👔 📟 4️⃣0️⃣1️⃣ "⛔" 🤔 📨 `WWW-Authenticate` 🎚. + + 💼 📨 🤝 (👆 💼), 💲 👈 🎚 🔜 `Bearer`. + + 👆 💪 🤙 🚶 👈 ➕ 🎚 & ⚫️ 🔜 👷. + + ✋️ ⚫️ 🚚 📥 🛠️ ⏮️ 🔧. + + , 📤 5️⃣📆 🧰 👈 ⌛ & ⚙️ ⚫️ (🔜 ⚖️ 🔮) & 👈 💪 ⚠ 👆 ⚖️ 👆 👩‍💻, 🔜 ⚖️ 🔮. + + 👈 💰 🐩... + +## 👀 ⚫️ 🎯 + +📂 🎓 🩺: http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +### 🔓 + +🖊 "✔" 🔼. + +⚙️ 🎓: + +👩‍💻: `johndoe` + +🔐: `secret` + + + +⏮️ 🔗 ⚙️, 👆 🔜 👀 ⚫️ 💖: + + + +### 🤚 👆 👍 👩‍💻 💽 + +🔜 ⚙️ 🛠️ `GET` ⏮️ ➡ `/users/me`. + +👆 🔜 🤚 👆 👩‍💻 📊, 💖: + +```JSON +{ + "username": "johndoe", + "email": "johndoe@example.com", + "full_name": "John Doe", + "disabled": false, + "hashed_password": "fakehashedsecret" +} +``` + + + +🚥 👆 🖊 🔒 ℹ & ⏏, & ⤴️ 🔄 🎏 🛠️ 🔄, 👆 🔜 🤚 🇺🇸🔍 4️⃣0️⃣1️⃣ ❌: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": "Not authenticated" +} +``` + +### 🔕 👩‍💻 + +🔜 🔄 ⏮️ 🔕 👩‍💻, 🔓 ⏮️: + +👩‍💻: `alice` + +🔐: `secret2` + +& 🔄 ⚙️ 🛠️ `GET` ⏮️ ➡ `/users/me`. + +👆 🔜 🤚 "🔕 👩‍💻" ❌, 💖: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": "Inactive user" +} +``` + +## 🌃 + +👆 🔜 ✔️ 🧰 🛠️ 🏁 💂‍♂ ⚙️ ⚓️ 🔛 `username` & `password` 👆 🛠️. + +⚙️ 👫 🧰, 👆 💪 ⚒ 💂‍♂ ⚙️ 🔗 ⏮️ 🙆 💽 & ⏮️ 🙆 👩‍💻 ⚖️ 💽 🏷. + +🕴 ℹ ❌ 👈 ⚫️ 🚫 🤙 "🔐". + +⏭ 📃 👆 🔜 👀 ❔ ⚙️ 🔐 🔐 🔁 🗃 & 🥙 🤝. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e3ced7ef4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md @@ -0,0 +1,786 @@ +# 🗄 (🔗) 💽 + +**FastAPI** 🚫 🚚 👆 ⚙️ 🗄 (🔗) 💽. + +✋️ 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🙆 🔗 💽 👈 👆 💚. + +📥 👥 🔜 👀 🖼 ⚙️ 🇸🇲. + +👆 💪 💪 🛠️ ⚫️ 🙆 💽 🐕‍🦺 🇸🇲, 💖: + +* ✳ +* ✳ +* 🗄 +* 🐸 +* 🤸‍♂ 🗄 💽, ♒️. + +👉 🖼, 👥 🔜 ⚙️ **🗄**, ↩️ ⚫️ ⚙️ 👁 📁 & 🐍 ✔️ 🛠️ 🐕‍🦺. , 👆 💪 📁 👉 🖼 & 🏃 ⚫️. + +⏪, 👆 🏭 🈸, 👆 💪 💚 ⚙️ 💽 💽 💖 **✳**. + +!!! tip + 📤 🛂 🏗 🚂 ⏮️ **FastAPI** & **✳**, 🌐 ⚓️ 🔛 **☁**, 🔌 🕸 & 🌖 🧰: https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql + +!!! note + 👀 👈 📚 📟 🐩 `SQLAlchemy` 📟 👆 🔜 ⚙️ ⏮️ 🙆 🛠️. + + **FastAPI** 🎯 📟 🤪 🕧. + +## 🐜 + +**FastAPI** 👷 ⏮️ 🙆 💽 & 🙆 👗 🗃 💬 💽. + +⚠ ⚓ ⚙️ "🐜": "🎚-🔗 🗺" 🗃. + +🐜 ✔️ 🧰 🗜 ("*🗺*") 🖖 *🎚* 📟 & 💽 🏓 ("*🔗*"). + +⏮️ 🐜, 👆 🛎 ✍ 🎓 👈 🎨 🏓 🗄 💽, 🔠 🔢 🎓 🎨 🏓, ⏮️ 📛 & 🆎. + +🖼 🎓 `Pet` 💪 🎨 🗄 🏓 `pets`. + +& 🔠 *👐* 🎚 👈 🎓 🎨 ⏭ 💽. + +🖼 🎚 `orion_cat` (👐 `Pet`) 💪 ✔️ 🔢 `orion_cat.type`, 🏓 `type`. & 💲 👈 🔢 💪, ✅ `"cat"`. + +👫 🐜 ✔️ 🧰 ⚒ 🔗 ⚖️ 🔗 🖖 🏓 ⚖️ 👨‍💼. + +👉 🌌, 👆 💪 ✔️ 🔢 `orion_cat.owner` & 👨‍💼 🔜 🔌 💽 👉 🐶 👨‍💼, ✊ ⚪️➡️ 🏓 *👨‍💼*. + +, `orion_cat.owner.name` 💪 📛 (⚪️➡️ `name` 🏓 `owners` 🏓) 👉 🐶 👨‍💼. + +⚫️ 💪 ✔️ 💲 💖 `"Arquilian"`. + +& 🐜 🔜 🌐 👷 🤚 ℹ ⚪️➡️ 🔗 🏓 *👨‍💼* 🕐❔ 👆 🔄 🔐 ⚫️ ⚪️➡️ 👆 🐶 🎚. + +⚠ 🐜 🖼: ✳-🐜 (🍕 ✳ 🛠️), 🇸🇲 🐜 (🍕 🇸🇲, 🔬 🛠️) & 🏒 (🔬 🛠️), 👪 🎏. + +📥 👥 🔜 👀 ❔ 👷 ⏮️ **🇸🇲 🐜**. + +🎏 🌌 👆 💪 ⚙️ 🙆 🎏 🐜. + +!!! tip + 📤 🌓 📄 ⚙️ 🏒 📥 🩺. + +## 📁 📊 + +👫 🖼, ➡️ 💬 👆 ✔️ 📁 📛 `my_super_project` 👈 🔌 🎧-📁 🤙 `sql_app` ⏮️ 📊 💖 👉: + +``` +. +└── sql_app + ├── __init__.py + ├── crud.py + ├── database.py + ├── main.py + ├── models.py + └── schemas.py +``` + +📁 `__init__.py` 🛁 📁, ✋️ ⚫️ 💬 🐍 👈 `sql_app` ⏮️ 🌐 🚮 🕹 (🐍 📁) 📦. + +🔜 ➡️ 👀 ⚫️❔ 🔠 📁/🕹 🔨. + +## ❎ `SQLAlchemy` + +🥇 👆 💪 ❎ `SQLAlchemy`: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install sqlalchemy + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +## ✍ 🇸🇲 🍕 + +➡️ 🔗 📁 `sql_app/database.py`. + +### 🗄 🇸🇲 🍕 + +```Python hl_lines="1-3" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +### ✍ 💽 📛 🇸🇲 + +```Python hl_lines="5-6" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +👉 🖼, 👥 "🔗" 🗄 💽 (📂 📁 ⏮️ 🗄 💽). + +📁 🔜 🔎 🎏 📁 📁 `sql_app.db`. + +👈 ⚫️❔ 🏁 🍕 `./sql_app.db`. + +🚥 👆 ⚙️ **✳** 💽 ↩️, 👆 🔜 ✔️ ✍ ⏸: + +```Python +SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "postgresql://user:password@postgresserver/db" +``` + +...& 🛠️ ⚫️ ⏮️ 👆 💽 📊 & 🎓 (📊 ✳, ✳ ⚖️ 🙆 🎏). + +!!! tip + + 👉 👑 ⏸ 👈 👆 🔜 ✔️ 🔀 🚥 👆 💚 ⚙️ 🎏 💽. + +### ✍ 🇸🇲 `engine` + +🥇 🔁 ✍ 🇸🇲 "🚒". + +👥 🔜 ⏪ ⚙️ 👉 `engine` 🎏 🥉. + +```Python hl_lines="8-10" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +#### 🗒 + +❌: + +```Python +connect_args={"check_same_thread": False} +``` + +...💪 🕴 `SQLite`. ⚫️ 🚫 💪 🎏 💽. + +!!! info "📡 ℹ" + + 🔢 🗄 🔜 🕴 ✔ 1️⃣ 🧵 🔗 ⏮️ ⚫️, 🤔 👈 🔠 🧵 🔜 🍵 🔬 📨. + + 👉 ❎ 😫 🤝 🎏 🔗 🎏 👜 (🎏 📨). + + ✋️ FastAPI, ⚙️ 😐 🔢 (`def`) 🌅 🌘 1️⃣ 🧵 💪 🔗 ⏮️ 💽 🎏 📨, 👥 💪 ⚒ 🗄 💭 👈 ⚫️ 🔜 ✔ 👈 ⏮️ `connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}`. + + , 👥 🔜 ⚒ 💭 🔠 📨 🤚 🚮 👍 💽 🔗 🎉 🔗, 📤 🙅‍♂ 💪 👈 🔢 🛠️. + +### ✍ `SessionLocal` 🎓 + +🔠 👐 `SessionLocal` 🎓 🔜 💽 🎉. 🎓 ⚫️ 🚫 💽 🎉. + +✋️ 🕐 👥 ✍ 👐 `SessionLocal` 🎓, 👉 👐 🔜 ☑ 💽 🎉. + +👥 📛 ⚫️ `SessionLocal` 🔬 ⚫️ ⚪️➡️ `Session` 👥 🏭 ⚪️➡️ 🇸🇲. + +👥 🔜 ⚙️ `Session` (1️⃣ 🗄 ⚪️➡️ 🇸🇲) ⏪. + +✍ `SessionLocal` 🎓, ⚙️ 🔢 `sessionmaker`: + +```Python hl_lines="11" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +### ✍ `Base` 🎓 + +🔜 👥 🔜 ⚙️ 🔢 `declarative_base()` 👈 📨 🎓. + +⏪ 👥 🔜 😖 ⚪️➡️ 👉 🎓 ✍ 🔠 💽 🏷 ⚖️ 🎓 (🐜 🏷): + +```Python hl_lines="13" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +## ✍ 💽 🏷 + +➡️ 🔜 👀 📁 `sql_app/models.py`. + +### ✍ 🇸🇲 🏷 ⚪️➡️ `Base` 🎓 + +👥 🔜 ⚙️ 👉 `Base` 🎓 👥 ✍ ⏭ ✍ 🇸🇲 🏷. + +!!! tip + 🇸🇲 ⚙️ ⚖ "**🏷**" 🔗 👉 🎓 & 👐 👈 🔗 ⏮️ 💽. + + ✋️ Pydantic ⚙️ ⚖ "**🏷**" 🔗 🕳 🎏, 💽 🔬, 🛠️, & 🧾 🎓 & 👐. + +🗄 `Base` ⚪️➡️ `database` (📁 `database.py` ⚪️➡️ 🔛). + +✍ 🎓 👈 😖 ⚪️➡️ ⚫️. + +👫 🎓 🇸🇲 🏷. + +```Python hl_lines="4 7-8 18-19" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/models.py!} +``` + +`__tablename__` 🔢 💬 🇸🇲 📛 🏓 ⚙️ 💽 🔠 👫 🏷. + +### ✍ 🏷 🔢/🏓 + +🔜 ✍ 🌐 🏷 (🎓) 🔢. + +🔠 👫 🔢 🎨 🏓 🚮 🔗 💽 🏓. + +👥 ⚙️ `Column` ⚪️➡️ 🇸🇲 🔢 💲. + +& 👥 🚶‍♀️ 🇸🇲 🎓 "🆎", `Integer`, `String`, & `Boolean`, 👈 🔬 🆎 💽, ❌. + +```Python hl_lines="1 10-13 21-24" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/models.py!} +``` + +### ✍ 💛 + +🔜 ✍ 💛. + +👉, 👥 ⚙️ `relationship` 🚚 🇸🇲 🐜. + +👉 🔜 ▶️️, 🌅 ⚖️ 🌘, "🎱" 🔢 👈 🔜 🔌 💲 ⚪️➡️ 🎏 🏓 🔗 👉 1️⃣. + +```Python hl_lines="2 15 26" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/models.py!} +``` + +🕐❔ 🔐 🔢 `items` `User`, `my_user.items`, ⚫️ 🔜 ✔️ 📇 `Item` 🇸🇲 🏷 (⚪️➡️ `items` 🏓) 👈 ✔️ 💱 🔑 ☝ 👉 ⏺ `users` 🏓. + +🕐❔ 👆 🔐 `my_user.items`, 🇸🇲 🔜 🤙 🚶 & ☕ 🏬 ⚪️➡️ 💽 `items` 🏓 & 🔗 👫 📥. + +& 🕐❔ 🔐 🔢 `owner` `Item`, ⚫️ 🔜 🔌 `User` 🇸🇲 🏷 ⚪️➡️ `users` 🏓. ⚫️ 🔜 ⚙️ `owner_id` 🔢/🏓 ⏮️ 🚮 💱 🔑 💭 ❔ ⏺ 🤚 ⚪️➡️ `users` 🏓. + +## ✍ Pydantic 🏷 + +🔜 ➡️ ✅ 📁 `sql_app/schemas.py`. + +!!! tip + ❎ 😨 🖖 🇸🇲 *🏷* & Pydantic *🏷*, 👥 🔜 ✔️ 📁 `models.py` ⏮️ 🇸🇲 🏷, & 📁 `schemas.py` ⏮️ Pydantic 🏷. + + 👫 Pydantic 🏷 🔬 🌅 ⚖️ 🌘 "🔗" (☑ 📊 💠). + + 👉 🔜 ℹ 👥 ❎ 😨 ⏪ ⚙️ 👯‍♂️. + +### ✍ ▶️ Pydantic *🏷* / 🔗 + +✍ `ItemBase` & `UserBase` Pydantic *🏷* (⚖️ ➡️ 💬 "🔗") ✔️ ⚠ 🔢 ⏪ 🏗 ⚖️ 👂 📊. + +& ✍ `ItemCreate` & `UserCreate` 👈 😖 ⚪️➡️ 👫 (👫 🔜 ✔️ 🎏 🔢), ➕ 🙆 🌖 📊 (🔢) 💪 🏗. + +, 👩‍💻 🔜 ✔️ `password` 🕐❔ 🏗 ⚫️. + +✋️ 💂‍♂, `password` 🏆 🚫 🎏 Pydantic *🏷*, 🖼, ⚫️ 🏆 🚫 📨 ⚪️➡️ 🛠️ 🕐❔ 👂 👩‍💻. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="3 6-8 11-12 23-24 27-28" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="3 6-8 11-12 23-24 27-28" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4-6 9-10 21-22 25-26" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py!} + ``` + +#### 🇸🇲 👗 & Pydantic 👗 + +👀 👈 🇸🇲 *🏷* 🔬 🔢 ⚙️ `=`, & 🚶‍♀️ 🆎 🔢 `Column`, 💖: + +```Python +name = Column(String) +``` + +⏪ Pydantic *🏷* 📣 🆎 ⚙️ `:`, 🆕 🆎 ✍ ❕/🆎 🔑: + +```Python +name: str +``` + +✔️ ⚫️ 🤯, 👆 🚫 🤚 😕 🕐❔ ⚙️ `=` & `:` ⏮️ 👫. + +### ✍ Pydantic *🏷* / 🔗 👂 / 📨 + +🔜 ✍ Pydantic *🏷* (🔗) 👈 🔜 ⚙️ 🕐❔ 👂 💽, 🕐❔ 🛬 ⚫️ ⚪️➡️ 🛠️. + +🖼, ⏭ 🏗 🏬, 👥 🚫 💭 ⚫️❔ 🔜 🆔 🛠️ ⚫️, ✋️ 🕐❔ 👂 ⚫️ (🕐❔ 🛬 ⚫️ ⚪️➡️ 🛠️) 👥 🔜 ⏪ 💭 🚮 🆔. + +🎏 🌌, 🕐❔ 👂 👩‍💻, 👥 💪 🔜 📣 👈 `items` 🔜 🔌 🏬 👈 💭 👉 👩‍💻. + +🚫 🕴 🆔 📚 🏬, ✋️ 🌐 💽 👈 👥 🔬 Pydantic *🏷* 👂 🏬: `Item`. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="15-17 31-34" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="15-17 31-34" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="13-15 29-32" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py!} + ``` + +!!! tip + 👀 👈 `User`, Pydantic *🏷* 👈 🔜 ⚙️ 🕐❔ 👂 👩‍💻 (🛬 ⚫️ ⚪️➡️ 🛠️) 🚫 🔌 `password`. + +### ⚙️ Pydantic `orm_mode` + +🔜, Pydantic *🏷* 👂, `Item` & `User`, 🚮 🔗 `Config` 🎓. + +👉 `Config` 🎓 ⚙️ 🚚 📳 Pydantic. + +`Config` 🎓, ⚒ 🔢 `orm_mode = True`. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="15 19-20 31 36-37" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="15 19-20 31 36-37" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="13 17-18 29 34-35" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py!} + ``` + +!!! tip + 👀 ⚫️ ⚖ 💲 ⏮️ `=`, 💖: + + `orm_mode = True` + + ⚫️ 🚫 ⚙️ `:` 🆎 📄 ⏭. + + 👉 ⚒ 📁 💲, 🚫 📣 🆎. + +Pydantic `orm_mode` 🔜 💬 Pydantic *🏷* ✍ 💽 🚥 ⚫️ 🚫 `dict`, ✋️ 🐜 🏷 (⚖️ 🙆 🎏 ❌ 🎚 ⏮️ 🔢). + +👉 🌌, ↩️ 🕴 🔄 🤚 `id` 💲 ⚪️➡️ `dict`,: + +```Python +id = data["id"] +``` + +⚫️ 🔜 🔄 🤚 ⚫️ ⚪️➡️ 🔢,: + +```Python +id = data.id +``` + +& ⏮️ 👉, Pydantic *🏷* 🔗 ⏮️ 🐜, & 👆 💪 📣 ⚫️ `response_model` ❌ 👆 *➡ 🛠️*. + +👆 🔜 💪 📨 💽 🏷 & ⚫️ 🔜 ✍ 💽 ⚪️➡️ ⚫️. + +#### 📡 ℹ 🔃 🐜 📳 + +🇸🇲 & 📚 🎏 🔢 "🙃 🚚". + +👈 ⛓, 🖼, 👈 👫 🚫 ☕ 💽 💛 ⚪️➡️ 💽 🚥 👆 🔄 🔐 🔢 👈 🔜 🔌 👈 💽. + +🖼, 🔐 🔢 `items`: + +```Python +current_user.items +``` + +🔜 ⚒ 🇸🇲 🚶 `items` 🏓 & 🤚 🏬 👉 👩‍💻, ✋️ 🚫 ⏭. + +🍵 `orm_mode`, 🚥 👆 📨 🇸🇲 🏷 ⚪️➡️ 👆 *➡ 🛠️*, ⚫️ 🚫🔜 🔌 💛 💽. + +🚥 👆 📣 📚 💛 👆 Pydantic 🏷. + +✋️ ⏮️ 🐜 📳, Pydantic ⚫️ 🔜 🔄 🔐 💽 ⚫️ 💪 ⚪️➡️ 🔢 (↩️ 🤔 `dict`), 👆 💪 📣 🎯 💽 👆 💚 📨 & ⚫️ 🔜 💪 🚶 & 🤚 ⚫️, ⚪️➡️ 🐜. + +## 💩 🇨🇻 + +🔜 ➡️ 👀 📁 `sql_app/crud.py`. + +👉 📁 👥 🔜 ✔️ ♻ 🔢 🔗 ⏮️ 💽 💽. + +**💩** 👟 ⚪️➡️: **🅱**📧, **Ⓜ**💳, **👤** = , & **🇨🇮**📧. + +...👐 👉 🖼 👥 🕴 🏗 & 👂. + +### ✍ 💽 + +🗄 `Session` ⚪️➡️ `sqlalchemy.orm`, 👉 🔜 ✔ 👆 📣 🆎 `db` 🔢 & ✔️ 👻 🆎 ✅ & 🛠️ 👆 🔢. + +🗄 `models` (🇸🇲 🏷) & `schemas` (Pydantic *🏷* / 🔗). + +✍ 🚙 🔢: + +* ✍ 👁 👩‍💻 🆔 & 📧. +* ✍ 💗 👩‍💻. +* ✍ 💗 🏬. + +```Python hl_lines="1 3 6-7 10-11 14-15 27-28" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/crud.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 🏗 🔢 👈 🕴 💡 🔗 ⏮️ 💽 (🤚 👩‍💻 ⚖️ 🏬) 🔬 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, 👆 💪 🌖 💪 ♻ 👫 💗 🍕 & 🚮 ⚒ 💯 👫. + +### ✍ 💽 + +🔜 ✍ 🚙 🔢 ✍ 💽. + +🔁: + +* ✍ 🇸🇲 🏷 *👐* ⏮️ 👆 📊. +* `add` 👈 👐 🎚 👆 💽 🎉. +* `commit` 🔀 💽 (👈 👫 🖊). +* `refresh` 👆 👐 (👈 ⚫️ 🔌 🙆 🆕 📊 ⚪️➡️ 💽, 💖 🏗 🆔). + +```Python hl_lines="18-24 31-36" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/crud.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 🇸🇲 🏷 `User` 🔌 `hashed_password` 👈 🔜 🔌 🔐 #️⃣ ⏬ 🔐. + + ✋️ ⚫️❔ 🛠️ 👩‍💻 🚚 ⏮️ 🔐, 👆 💪 ⚗ ⚫️ & 🏗 #️⃣ 🔐 👆 🈸. + + & ⤴️ 🚶‍♀️ `hashed_password` ❌ ⏮️ 💲 🖊. + +!!! warning + 👉 🖼 🚫 🔐, 🔐 🚫#️⃣. + + 🎰 👨‍❤‍👨 🈸 👆 🔜 💪 #️⃣ 🔐 & 🙅 🖊 👫 🔢. + + 🌅 ℹ, 🚶 🔙 💂‍♂ 📄 🔰. + + 📥 👥 🎯 🕴 🔛 🧰 & 👨‍🔧 💽. + +!!! tip + ↩️ 🚶‍♀️ 🔠 🇨🇻 ❌ `Item` & 👂 🔠 1️⃣ 👫 ⚪️➡️ Pydantic *🏷*, 👥 🏭 `dict` ⏮️ Pydantic *🏷*'Ⓜ 📊 ⏮️: + + `item.dict()` + + & ⤴️ 👥 🚶‍♀️ `dict`'Ⓜ 🔑-💲 👫 🇨🇻 ❌ 🇸🇲 `Item`, ⏮️: + + `Item(**item.dict())` + + & ⤴️ 👥 🚶‍♀️ ➕ 🇨🇻 ❌ `owner_id` 👈 🚫 🚚 Pydantic *🏷*, ⏮️: + + `Item(**item.dict(), owner_id=user_id)` + +## 👑 **FastAPI** 📱 + +& 🔜 📁 `sql_app/main.py` ➡️ 🛠️ & ⚙️ 🌐 🎏 🍕 👥 ✍ ⏭. + +### ✍ 💽 🏓 + +📶 🙃 🌌 ✍ 💽 🏓: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +#### ⚗ 🗒 + +🛎 👆 🔜 🎲 🔢 👆 💽 (✍ 🏓, ♒️) ⏮️ ⚗. + +& 👆 🔜 ⚙️ ⚗ "🛠️" (👈 🚮 👑 👨‍🏭). + +"🛠️" ⚒ 🔁 💪 🕐❔ 👆 🔀 📊 👆 🇸🇲 🏷, 🚮 🆕 🔢, ♒️. 🔁 👈 🔀 💽, 🚮 🆕 🏓, 🆕 🏓, ♒️. + +👆 💪 🔎 🖼 ⚗ FastAPI 🏗 📄 ⚪️➡️ [🏗 ⚡ - 📄](../project-generation.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🎯 `alembic` 📁 ℹ 📟. + +### ✍ 🔗 + +🔜 ⚙️ `SessionLocal` 🎓 👥 ✍ `sql_app/database.py` 📁 ✍ 🔗. + +👥 💪 ✔️ 🔬 💽 🎉/🔗 (`SessionLocal`) 📍 📨, ⚙️ 🎏 🎉 🔘 🌐 📨 & ⤴️ 🔐 ⚫️ ⏮️ 📨 🏁. + +& ⤴️ 🆕 🎉 🔜 ✍ ⏭ 📨. + +👈, 👥 🔜 ✍ 🆕 🔗 ⏮️ `yield`, 🔬 ⏭ 📄 🔃 [🔗 ⏮️ `yield`](dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +👆 🔗 🔜 ✍ 🆕 🇸🇲 `SessionLocal` 👈 🔜 ⚙️ 👁 📨, & ⤴️ 🔐 ⚫️ 🕐 📨 🏁. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="15-20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="13-18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + 👥 🚮 🏗 `SessionLocal()` & 🚚 📨 `try` 🍫. + + & ⤴️ 👥 🔐 ⚫️ `finally` 🍫. + + 👉 🌌 👥 ⚒ 💭 💽 🎉 🕧 📪 ⏮️ 📨. 🚥 📤 ⚠ ⏪ 🏭 📨. + + ✋️ 👆 💪 🚫 🤚 ➕1️⃣ ⚠ ⚪️➡️ 🚪 📟 (⏮️ `yield`). 👀 🌖 [🔗 ⏮️ `yield` & `HTTPException`](./dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md#dependencies-with-yield-and-httpexception){.internal-link target=_blank} + +& ⤴️, 🕐❔ ⚙️ 🔗 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, 👥 📣 ⚫️ ⏮️ 🆎 `Session` 👥 🗄 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 🇸🇲. + +👉 🔜 ⤴️ 🤝 👥 👍 👨‍🎨 🐕‍🦺 🔘 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, ↩️ 👨‍🎨 🔜 💭 👈 `db` 🔢 🆎 `Session`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="24 32 38 47 53" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="22 30 36 45 51" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +!!! info "📡 ℹ" + 🔢 `db` 🤙 🆎 `SessionLocal`, ✋️ 👉 🎓 (✍ ⏮️ `sessionmaker()`) "🗳" 🇸🇲 `Session`,, 👨‍🎨 🚫 🤙 💭 ⚫️❔ 👩‍🔬 🚚. + + ✋️ 📣 🆎 `Session`, 👨‍🎨 🔜 💪 💭 💪 👩‍🔬 (`.add()`, `.query()`, `.commit()`, ♒️) & 💪 🚚 👍 🐕‍🦺 (💖 🛠️). 🆎 📄 🚫 📉 ☑ 🎚. + +### ✍ 👆 **FastAPI** *➡ 🛠️* + +🔜, 😒, 📥 🐩 **FastAPI** *➡ 🛠️* 📟. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="23-28 31-34 37-42 45-49 52-55" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="21-26 29-32 35-40 43-47 50-53" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +👥 🏗 💽 🎉 ⏭ 🔠 📨 🔗 ⏮️ `yield`, & ⤴️ 📪 ⚫️ ⏮️. + +& ⤴️ 👥 💪 ✍ 🚚 🔗 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*, 🤚 👈 🎉 🔗. + +⏮️ 👈, 👥 💪 🤙 `crud.get_user` 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 🔘 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* & ⚙️ 👈 🎉. + +!!! tip + 👀 👈 💲 👆 📨 🇸🇲 🏷, ⚖️ 📇 🇸🇲 🏷. + + ✋️ 🌐 *➡ 🛠️* ✔️ `response_model` ⏮️ Pydantic *🏷* / 🔗 ⚙️ `orm_mode`, 💽 📣 👆 Pydantic 🏷 🔜 ⚗ ⚪️➡️ 👫 & 📨 👩‍💻, ⏮️ 🌐 😐 ⛽ & 🔬. + +!!! tip + 👀 👈 📤 `response_models` 👈 ✔️ 🐩 🐍 🆎 💖 `List[schemas.Item]`. + + ✋️ 🎚/🔢 👈 `List` Pydantic *🏷* ⏮️ `orm_mode`, 💽 🔜 🗃 & 📨 👩‍💻 🛎, 🍵 ⚠. + +### 🔃 `def` 🆚 `async def` + +📥 👥 ⚙️ 🇸🇲 📟 🔘 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* & 🔗, &, 🔄, ⚫️ 🔜 🚶 & 🔗 ⏮️ 🔢 💽. + +👈 💪 ⚠ 🚚 "⌛". + +✋️ 🇸🇲 🚫 ✔️ 🔗 ⚙️ `await` 🔗, 🔜 ⏮️ 🕳 💖: + +```Python +user = await db.query(User).first() +``` + +...& ↩️ 👥 ⚙️: + +```Python +user = db.query(User).first() +``` + +⤴️ 👥 🔜 📣 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* & 🔗 🍵 `async def`, ⏮️ 😐 `def`,: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +@app.get("/users/{user_id}", response_model=schemas.User) +def read_user(user_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + db_user = crud.get_user(db, user_id=user_id) + ... +``` + +!!! info + 🚥 👆 💪 🔗 👆 🔗 💽 🔁, 👀 [🔁 🗄 (🔗) 💽](../advanced/async-sql-databases.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +!!! note "📶 📡 ℹ" + 🚥 👆 😟 & ✔️ ⏬ 📡 💡, 👆 💪 ✅ 📶 📡 ℹ ❔ 👉 `async def` 🆚 `def` 🍵 [🔁](../async.md#very-technical-details){.internal-link target=_blank} 🩺. + +## 🛠️ + +↩️ 👥 ⚙️ 🇸🇲 🔗 & 👥 🚫 🚚 🙆 😇 🔌-⚫️ 👷 ⏮️ **FastAPI**, 👥 💪 🛠️ 💽 🛠️ ⏮️ ⚗ 🔗. + +& 📟 🔗 🇸🇲 & 🇸🇲 🏷 🖖 🎏 🔬 📁, 👆 🔜 💪 🎭 🛠️ ⏮️ ⚗ 🍵 ✔️ ❎ FastAPI, Pydantic, ⚖️ 🕳 🙆. + +🎏 🌌, 👆 🔜 💪 ⚙️ 🎏 🇸🇲 🏷 & 🚙 🎏 🍕 👆 📟 👈 🚫 🔗 **FastAPI**. + +🖼, 🖥 📋 👨‍🏭 ⏮️ 🥒, 🅿, ⚖️ 📶. + +## 📄 🌐 📁 + + 💭 👆 🔜 ✔️ 📁 📛 `my_super_project` 👈 🔌 🎧-📁 🤙 `sql_app`. + +`sql_app` 🔜 ✔️ 📄 📁: + +* `sql_app/__init__.py`: 🛁 📁. + +* `sql_app/database.py`: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +* `sql_app/models.py`: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/models.py!} +``` + +* `sql_app/schemas.py`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py!} + ``` + +* `sql_app/crud.py`: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/crud.py!} +``` + +* `sql_app/main.py`: + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +## ✅ ⚫️ + +👆 💪 📁 👉 📟 & ⚙️ ⚫️. + +!!! info + + 👐, 📟 🎦 📥 🍕 💯. 🌅 📟 👉 🩺. + +⤴️ 👆 💪 🏃 ⚫️ ⏮️ Uvicorn: + + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn sql_app.main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +& ⤴️, 👆 💪 📂 👆 🖥 http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +& 👆 🔜 💪 🔗 ⏮️ 👆 **FastAPI** 🈸, 👂 📊 ⚪️➡️ 🎰 💽: + + + +## 🔗 ⏮️ 💽 🔗 + +🚥 👆 💚 🔬 🗄 💽 (📁) 🔗, ➡ FastAPI, ℹ 🚮 🎚, 🚮 🏓, 🏓, ⏺, 🔀 📊, ♒️. 👆 💪 ⚙️ 💽 🖥 🗄. + +⚫️ 🔜 👀 💖 👉: + + + +👆 💪 ⚙️ 💳 🗄 🖥 💖 🗄 📋 ⚖️ ExtendsClass. + +## 🎛 💽 🎉 ⏮️ 🛠️ + +🚥 👆 💪 🚫 ⚙️ 🔗 ⏮️ `yield` - 🖼, 🚥 👆 🚫 ⚙️ **🐍 3️⃣.7️⃣** & 💪 🚫 ❎ "🐛" 🤔 🔛 **🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣** - 👆 💪 ⚒ 🆙 🎉 "🛠️" 🎏 🌌. + +"🛠️" 🌖 🔢 👈 🕧 🛠️ 🔠 📨, ⏮️ 📟 🛠️ ⏭, & 📟 🛠️ ⏮️ 🔗 🔢. + +### ✍ 🛠️ + +🛠️ 👥 🔜 🚮 (🔢) 🔜 ✍ 🆕 🇸🇲 `SessionLocal` 🔠 📨, 🚮 ⚫️ 📨 & ⤴️ 🔐 ⚫️ 🕐 📨 🏁. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="14-22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/alt_main.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python hl_lines="12-20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/alt_main.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + 👥 🚮 🏗 `SessionLocal()` & 🚚 📨 `try` 🍫. + + & ⤴️ 👥 🔐 ⚫️ `finally` 🍫. + + 👉 🌌 👥 ⚒ 💭 💽 🎉 🕧 📪 ⏮️ 📨. 🚥 📤 ⚠ ⏪ 🏭 📨. + +### 🔃 `request.state` + +`request.state` 🏠 🔠 `Request` 🎚. ⚫️ 📤 🏪 ❌ 🎚 📎 📨 ⚫️, 💖 💽 🎉 👉 💼. 👆 💪 ✍ 🌅 🔃 ⚫️ 💃 🩺 🔃 `Request` 🇵🇸. + +👥 👉 💼, ⚫️ ℹ 👥 🚚 👁 💽 🎉 ⚙️ 🔘 🌐 📨, & ⤴️ 🔐 ⏮️ (🛠️). + +### 🔗 ⏮️ `yield` ⚖️ 🛠️ + +❎ **🛠️** 📥 🎏 ⚫️❔ 🔗 ⏮️ `yield` 🔨, ⏮️ 🔺: + +* ⚫️ 🚚 🌖 📟 & 👄 🌅 🏗. +* 🛠️ ✔️ `async` 🔢. + * 🚥 📤 📟 ⚫️ 👈 ✔️ "⌛" 🕸, ⚫️ 💪 "🍫" 👆 🈸 📤 & 📉 🎭 🍖. + * 👐 ⚫️ 🎲 🚫 📶 ⚠ 📥 ⏮️ 🌌 `SQLAlchemy` 👷. + * ✋️ 🚥 👆 🚮 🌖 📟 🛠️ 👈 ✔️ 📚 👤/🅾 ⌛, ⚫️ 💪 ⤴️ ⚠. +* 🛠️ 🏃 *🔠* 📨. + * , 🔗 🔜 ✍ 🔠 📨. + * 🕐❔ *➡ 🛠️* 👈 🍵 👈 📨 🚫 💪 💽. + +!!! tip + ⚫️ 🎲 👍 ⚙️ 🔗 ⏮️ `yield` 🕐❔ 👫 🥃 ⚙️ 💼. + +!!! info + 🔗 ⏮️ `yield` 🚮 ⏳ **FastAPI**. + + ⏮️ ⏬ 👉 🔰 🕴 ✔️ 🖼 ⏮️ 🛠️ & 📤 🎲 📚 🈸 ⚙️ 🛠️ 💽 🎉 🧾. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/static-files.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/static-files.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6090c5338 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/static-files.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +# 🎻 📁 + +👆 💪 🍦 🎻 📁 🔁 ⚪️➡️ 📁 ⚙️ `StaticFiles`. + +## ⚙️ `StaticFiles` + +* 🗄 `StaticFiles`. +* "🗻" `StaticFiles()` 👐 🎯 ➡. + +```Python hl_lines="2 6" +{!../../../docs_src/static_files/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles`. + + **FastAPI** 🚚 🎏 `starlette.staticfiles` `fastapi.staticfiles` 🏪 👆, 👩‍💻. ✋️ ⚫️ 🤙 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃. + +### ⚫️❔ "🗜" + +"🗜" ⛓ ❎ 🏁 "🔬" 🈸 🎯 ➡, 👈 ⤴️ ✊ 💅 🚚 🌐 🎧-➡. + +👉 🎏 ⚪️➡️ ⚙️ `APIRouter` 🗻 🈸 🍕 🔬. 🗄 & 🩺 ⚪️➡️ 👆 👑 🈸 🏆 🚫 🔌 🕳 ⚪️➡️ 🗻 🈸, ♒️. + +👆 💪 ✍ 🌅 🔃 👉 **🏧 👩‍💻 🦮**. + +## ℹ + +🥇 `"/static"` 🔗 🎧-➡ 👉 "🎧-🈸" 🔜 "🗻" 🔛. , 🙆 ➡ 👈 ▶️ ⏮️ `"/static"` 🔜 🍵 ⚫️. + +`directory="static"` 🔗 📛 📁 👈 🔌 👆 🎻 📁. + +`name="static"` 🤝 ⚫️ 📛 👈 💪 ⚙️ 🔘 **FastAPI**. + +🌐 👫 🔢 💪 🎏 🌘 "`static`", 🔆 👫 ⏮️ 💪 & 🎯 ℹ 👆 👍 🈸. + +## 🌅 ℹ + +🌖 ℹ & 🎛 ✅ 💃 🩺 🔃 🎻 📁. diff --git a/docs/em/docs/tutorial/testing.md b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/testing.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..999d67cd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/docs/tutorial/testing.md @@ -0,0 +1,188 @@ +# 🔬 + +👏 💃, 🔬 **FastAPI** 🈸 ⏩ & 😌. + +⚫️ ⚓️ 🔛 🇸🇲, ❔ 🔄 🏗 ⚓️ 🔛 📨, ⚫️ 📶 😰 & 🏋️. + +⏮️ ⚫️, 👆 💪 ⚙️ ✳ 🔗 ⏮️ **FastAPI**. + +## ⚙️ `TestClient` + +!!! info + ⚙️ `TestClient`, 🥇 ❎ `httpx`. + + 🤶 Ⓜ. `pip install httpx`. + +🗄 `TestClient`. + +✍ `TestClient` 🚶‍♀️ 👆 **FastAPI** 🈸 ⚫️. + +✍ 🔢 ⏮️ 📛 👈 ▶️ ⏮️ `test_` (👉 🐩 `pytest` 🏛). + +⚙️ `TestClient` 🎚 🎏 🌌 👆 ⏮️ `httpx`. + +✍ 🙅 `assert` 📄 ⏮️ 🐩 🐍 🧬 👈 👆 💪 ✅ (🔄, 🐩 `pytest`). + +```Python hl_lines="2 12 15-18" +{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 👀 👈 🔬 🔢 😐 `def`, 🚫 `async def`. + + & 🤙 👩‍💻 😐 🤙, 🚫 ⚙️ `await`. + + 👉 ✔ 👆 ⚙️ `pytest` 🔗 🍵 🤢. + +!!! note "📡 ℹ" + 👆 💪 ⚙️ `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`. + + **FastAPI** 🚚 🎏 `starlette.testclient` `fastapi.testclient` 🏪 👆, 👩‍💻. ✋️ ⚫️ 👟 🔗 ⚪️➡️ 💃. + +!!! tip + 🚥 👆 💚 🤙 `async` 🔢 👆 💯 ↖️ ⚪️➡️ 📨 📨 👆 FastAPI 🈸 (✅ 🔁 💽 🔢), ✔️ 👀 [🔁 💯](../advanced/async-tests.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 🏧 🔰. + +## 🎏 💯 + +🎰 🈸, 👆 🎲 🔜 ✔️ 👆 💯 🎏 📁. + +& 👆 **FastAPI** 🈸 5️⃣📆 ✍ 📚 📁/🕹, ♒️. + +### **FastAPI** 📱 📁 + +➡️ 💬 👆 ✔️ 📁 📊 🔬 [🦏 🈸](./bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}: + +``` +. +├── app +│   ├── __init__.py +│   └── main.py +``` + +📁 `main.py` 👆 ✔️ 👆 **FastAPI** 📱: + + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/main.py!} +``` + +### 🔬 📁 + +⤴️ 👆 💪 ✔️ 📁 `test_main.py` ⏮️ 👆 💯. ⚫️ 💪 🖖 🔛 🎏 🐍 📦 (🎏 📁 ⏮️ `__init__.py` 📁): + +``` hl_lines="5" +. +├── app +│   ├── __init__.py +│   ├── main.py +│   └── test_main.py +``` + +↩️ 👉 📁 🎏 📦, 👆 💪 ⚙️ ⚖ 🗄 🗄 🎚 `app` ⚪️➡️ `main` 🕹 (`main.py`): + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/test_main.py!} +``` + +...& ✔️ 📟 💯 💖 ⏭. + +## 🔬: ↔ 🖼 + +🔜 ➡️ ↔ 👉 🖼 & 🚮 🌖 ℹ 👀 ❔ 💯 🎏 🍕. + +### ↔ **FastAPI** 📱 📁 + +➡️ 😣 ⏮️ 🎏 📁 📊 ⏭: + +``` +. +├── app +│   ├── __init__.py +│   ├── main.py +│   └── test_main.py +``` + +➡️ 💬 👈 🔜 📁 `main.py` ⏮️ 👆 **FastAPI** 📱 ✔️ 🎏 **➡ 🛠️**. + +⚫️ ✔️ `GET` 🛠️ 👈 💪 📨 ❌. + +⚫️ ✔️ `POST` 🛠️ 👈 💪 📨 📚 ❌. + +👯‍♂️ *➡ 🛠️* 🚚 `X-Token` 🎚. + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_py310/main.py!} + ``` + +### ↔ 🔬 📁 + +👆 💪 ⤴️ ℹ `test_main.py` ⏮️ ↔ 💯: + +```Python +{!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b/test_main.py!} +``` + +🕐❔ 👆 💪 👩‍💻 🚶‍♀️ ℹ 📨 & 👆 🚫 💭 ❔, 👆 💪 🔎 (🇺🇸🔍) ❔ ⚫️ `httpx`, ⚖️ ❔ ⚫️ ⏮️ `requests`, 🇸🇲 🔧 ⚓️ 🔛 📨' 🔧. + +⤴️ 👆 🎏 👆 💯. + +🤶 Ⓜ.: + +* 🚶‍♀️ *➡* ⚖️ *🔢* 🔢, 🚮 ⚫️ 📛 ⚫️. +* 🚶‍♀️ 🎻 💪, 🚶‍♀️ 🐍 🎚 (✅ `dict`) 🔢 `json`. +* 🚥 👆 💪 📨 *📨 💽* ↩️ 🎻, ⚙️ `data` 🔢 ↩️. +* 🚶‍♀️ *🎚*, ⚙️ `dict` `headers` 🔢. +* *🍪*, `dict` `cookies` 🔢. + +🌖 ℹ 🔃 ❔ 🚶‍♀️ 💽 👩‍💻 (⚙️ `httpx` ⚖️ `TestClient`) ✅ 🇸🇲 🧾. + +!!! info + 🗒 👈 `TestClient` 📨 💽 👈 💪 🗜 🎻, 🚫 Pydantic 🏷. + + 🚥 👆 ✔️ Pydantic 🏷 👆 💯 & 👆 💚 📨 🚮 💽 🈸 ⏮️ 🔬, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `jsonable_encoder` 🔬 [🎻 🔗 🔢](encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## 🏃 ⚫️ + +⏮️ 👈, 👆 💪 ❎ `pytest`: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install pytest + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +⚫️ 🔜 🔍 📁 & 💯 🔁, 🛠️ 👫, & 📄 🏁 🔙 👆. + +🏃 💯 ⏮️: + +
+ +```console +$ pytest + +================ test session starts ================ +platform linux -- Python 3.6.9, pytest-5.3.5, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 +rootdir: /home/user/code/superawesome-cli/app +plugins: forked-1.1.3, xdist-1.31.0, cov-2.8.1 +collected 6 items + +---> 100% + +test_main.py ...... [100%] + +================= 1 passed in 0.03s ================= +``` + +
diff --git a/docs/em/mkdocs.yml b/docs/em/mkdocs.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de18856f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/em/mkdocs.yml @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/en/data/external_links.yml b/docs/en/data/external_links.yml index 0850d9788..58e7acefe 100644 --- a/docs/en/data/external_links.yml +++ b/docs/en/data/external_links.yml @@ -1,5 +1,69 @@ -articles: - english: +Articles: + English: + - author: Donny Peeters + author_link: https://github.com/Donnype + link: https://bitestreams.com/blog/fastapi-sqlalchemy/ + title: 10 Tips for adding SQLAlchemy to FastAPI + - author: Jessica Temporal + author_link: https://jtemporal.com/socials + link: https://jtemporal.com/tips-on-migrating-from-flask-to-fastapi-and-vice-versa/ + title: Tips on migrating from Flask to FastAPI and vice-versa + - author: Ankit Anchlia + author_link: https://linkedin.com/in/aanchlia21 + link: https://hackernoon.com/explore-how-to-effectively-use-jwt-with-fastapi + title: Explore How to Effectively Use JWT With FastAPI + - author: Nicoló Lino + author_link: https://www.nlino.com + link: https://github.com/softwarebloat/python-tracing-demo + title: Instrument a FastAPI service adding tracing with OpenTelemetry and send/show traces in Grafana Tempo + - author: Mikhail Rozhkov, Elena Samuylova + author_link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mnrozhkov/ + link: https://www.evidentlyai.com/blog/fastapi-tutorial + title: ML serving and monitoring with FastAPI and Evidently + - author: Visual Studio Code Team + author_link: https://code.visualstudio.com/ + link: https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/python/tutorial-fastapi + title: FastAPI Tutorial in Visual Studio Code + - author: Apitally + author_link: https://apitally.io + link: https://blog.apitally.io/fastapi-application-monitoring-made-easy + title: FastAPI application monitoring made easy + - author: John Philip + author_link: https://medium.com/@amjohnphilip + link: https://python.plainenglish.io/building-a-restful-api-with-fastapi-secure-signup-and-login-functionality-included-45cdbcb36106 + title: "Building a RESTful API with FastAPI: Secure Signup and Login Functionality Included" + - author: Keshav Malik + author_link: https://theinfosecguy.xyz/ + link: https://blog.theinfosecguy.xyz/building-a-crud-api-with-fastapi-and-supabase-a-step-by-step-guide + title: Building a CRUD API with FastAPI and Supabase + - author: Adejumo Ridwan Suleiman + author_link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/adejumoridwan/ + link: https://medium.com/python-in-plain-english/build-an-sms-spam-classifier-serverless-database-with-faunadb-and-fastapi-23dbb275bc5b + title: Build an SMS Spam Classifier Serverless Database with FaunaDB and FastAPI + - author: Raf Rasenberg + author_link: https://rafrasenberg.com/about/ + link: https://rafrasenberg.com/fastapi-lambda/ + title: 'FastAPI lambda container: serverless simplified' + - author: Teresa N. Fontanella De Santis + author_link: https://dev.to/ + link: https://dev.to/teresafds/authorization-on-fastapi-with-casbin-41og + title: Authorization on FastAPI with Casbin + - author: New Relic + author_link: https://newrelic.com + link: https://newrelic.com/instant-observability/fastapi/e559ec64-f765-4470-a15f-1901fcebb468 + title: How to monitor FastAPI application performance using Python agent + - author: Jean-Baptiste Rocher + author_link: https://hashnode.com/@jibrocher + link: https://dev.indooroutdoor.io/series/fastapi-react-poll-app + title: Building the Poll App From Django Tutorial With FastAPI And React + - author: Silvan Melchior + author_link: https://github.com/silvanmelchior + link: https://blog.devgenius.io/seamless-fastapi-configuration-with-confz-90949c14ea12 + title: Seamless FastAPI Configuration with ConfZ + - author: Kaustubh Gupta + author_link: https://medium.com/@kaustubhgupta1828/ + link: https://levelup.gitconnected.com/5-advance-features-of-fastapi-you-should-try-7c0ac7eebb3e + title: 5 Advanced Features of FastAPI You Should Try - author: Kaustubh Gupta author_link: https://medium.com/@kaustubhgupta1828/ link: https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2021/06/deploying-ml-models-as-api-using-fastapi-and-heroku/ @@ -12,6 +76,10 @@ articles: author_link: https://pystar.substack.com/ link: https://pystar.substack.com/p/how-to-create-a-fake-certificate title: How to Create A Fake Certificate Authority And Generate TLS Certs for FastAPI + - author: Ben Gamble + author_link: https://uk.linkedin.com/in/bengamble7 + link: https://ably.com/blog/realtime-ticket-booking-solution-kafka-fastapi-ably + title: Building a realtime ticket booking solution with Kafka, FastAPI, and Ably - author: Shahriyar(Shako) Rzayev author_link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shahriyar-rzayev/ link: https://www.azepug.az/posts/fastapi/#building-simple-e-commerce-with-nuxtjs-and-fastapi-series @@ -20,6 +88,10 @@ articles: author_link: https://rodrigo-arenas.medium.com/ link: https://medium.com/analytics-vidhya/serve-a-machine-learning-model-using-sklearn-fastapi-and-docker-85aabf96729b title: "Serve a machine learning model using Sklearn, FastAPI and Docker" + - author: Yashasvi Singh + author_link: https://hashnode.com/@aUnicornDev + link: https://aunicorndev.hashnode.dev/series/supafast-api + title: "Building an API with FastAPI and Supabase and Deploying on Deta" - author: Navule Pavan Kumar Rao author_link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/navule/ link: https://www.tutlinks.com/deploy-fastapi-on-ubuntu-gunicorn-caddy-2/ @@ -27,11 +99,7 @@ articles: - author: Patrick Ladon author_link: https://dev.to/factorlive link: https://dev.to/factorlive/python-facebook-messenger-webhook-with-fastapi-on-glitch-4n90 - title: Python Facebook messenger webhook with FastAPI on Glitch - - author: Dom Patmore - author_link: https://twitter.com/dompatmore - link: https://dompatmore.com/blog/authenticate-your-fastapi-app-with-auth0 - title: Authenticate Your FastAPI App with auth0 + title: Python Facebook messenger webhook with FastAPI on Glitch - author: Valon Januzaj author_link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/valon-januzaj-b02692187/ link: https://valonjanuzaj.medium.com/deploy-a-dockerized-fastapi-application-to-aws-cc757830ba1b @@ -44,10 +112,6 @@ articles: author_link: https://twitter.com/louis_guitton link: https://guitton.co/posts/fastapi-monitoring/ title: How to monitor your FastAPI service - - author: Julien Harbulot - author_link: https://julienharbulot.com/ - link: https://julienharbulot.com/notification-server.html - title: HTTP server to display desktop notifications - author: Precious Ndubueze author_link: https://medium.com/@gabbyprecious2000 link: https://medium.com/@gabbyprecious2000/creating-a-crud-app-with-fastapi-part-one-7c049292ad37 @@ -96,18 +160,10 @@ articles: author_link: https://wuilly.com/ link: https://wuilly.com/2019/10/real-time-notifications-with-python-and-postgres/ title: Real-time Notifications with Python and Postgres - - author: Benjamin Ramser - author_link: https://iwpnd.pw - link: https://iwpnd.pw/articles/2020-03/apache-kafka-fastapi-geostream - title: Apache Kafka producer and consumer with FastAPI and aiokafka - author: Navule Pavan Kumar Rao author_link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/navule/ link: https://www.tutlinks.com/create-and-deploy-fastapi-app-to-heroku/ title: Create and Deploy FastAPI app to Heroku without using Docker - - author: Benjamin Ramser - author_link: https://iwpnd.pw - link: https://iwpnd.pw/articles/2020-01/deploy-fastapi-to-aws-lambda - title: How to continuously deploy a FastAPI to AWS Lambda with AWS SAM - author: Arthur Henrique author_link: https://twitter.com/arthurheinrique link: https://medium.com/@arthur393/another-boilerplate-to-fastapi-azure-pipeline-ci-pytest-3c8d9a4be0bb @@ -132,10 +188,6 @@ articles: author_link: https://dev.to/dbanty link: https://dev.to/dbanty/why-i-m-leaving-flask-3ki6 title: Why I'm Leaving Flask - - author: Rob Wagner - author_link: https://robwagner.dev/ - link: https://robwagner.dev/tortoise-fastapi-setup/ - title: Setting up Tortoise ORM with FastAPI - author: Mike Moritz author_link: https://medium.com/@mike.p.moritz link: https://medium.com/@mike.p.moritz/using-docker-compose-to-deploy-a-lightweight-python-rest-api-with-a-job-queue-37e6072a209b @@ -188,12 +240,28 @@ articles: author_link: https://medium.com/@williamhayes link: https://medium.com/@williamhayes/fastapi-starlette-debug-vs-prod-5f7561db3a59 title: FastAPI/Starlette debug vs prod - german: + - author: Mukul Mantosh + author_link: https://twitter.com/MantoshMukul + link: https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/guide/tutorials/fastapi-aws-kubernetes/ + title: Developing FastAPI Application using K8s & AWS + - author: KrishNa + author_link: https://medium.com/@krishnardt365 + link: https://medium.com/@krishnardt365/fastapi-docker-and-postgres-91943e71be92 + title: Fastapi, Docker(Docker compose) and Postgres + German: + - author: Marcel Sander (actidoo) + author_link: https://www.actidoo.com + link: https://www.actidoo.com/de/blog/python-fastapi-domain-driven-design + title: Domain-driven Design mit Python und FastAPI - author: Nico Axtmann author_link: https://twitter.com/_nicoax link: https://blog.codecentric.de/2019/08/inbetriebnahme-eines-scikit-learn-modells-mit-onnx-und-fastapi/ title: Inbetriebnahme eines scikit-learn-Modells mit ONNX und FastAPI - japanese: + - author: Felix Schürmeyer + author_link: https://hellocoding.de/autor/felix-schuermeyer/ + link: https://hellocoding.de/blog/coding-language/python/fastapi + title: REST-API Programmieren mittels Python und dem FastAPI Modul + Japanese: - author: '@bee2' author_link: https://qiita.com/bee2 link: https://qiita.com/bee2/items/75d9c0d7ba20e7a4a0e9 @@ -242,7 +310,12 @@ articles: author_link: https://qiita.com/mtitg link: https://qiita.com/mtitg/items/47770e9a562dd150631d title: FastAPI｜DB接続してCRUDするPython製APIサーバーを構築 - russian: + Portuguese: + - author: Jessica Temporal + author_link: https://jtemporal.com/socials + link: https://jtemporal.com/dicas-para-migrar-de-flask-para-fastapi-e-vice-versa/ + title: Dicas para migrar uma aplicação de Flask para FastAPI e vice-versa + Russian: - author: Troy Köhler author_link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/trkohler/ link: https://trkohler.com/fast-api-introduction-to-framework @@ -255,13 +328,18 @@ articles: author_link: https://habr.com/ru/users/57uff3r/ link: https://habr.com/ru/post/454440/ title: 'Мелкая питонячая радость #2: Starlette - Солидная примочка – FastAPI' - vietnamese: + Vietnamese: - author: Nguyễn Nhân author_link: https://fullstackstation.com/author/figonking/ link: https://fullstackstation.com/fastapi-trien-khai-bang-docker/ title: 'FASTAPI: TRIỂN KHAI BẰNG DOCKER' -podcasts: - english: + Taiwanese: + - author: Leon + author_link: http://editor.leonh.space/ + link: https://editor.leonh.space/2022/tortoise/ + title: 'Tortoise ORM / FastAPI 整合快速筆記' +Podcasts: + English: - author: Podcast.`__init__` author_link: https://www.pythonpodcast.com/ link: https://www.pythonpodcast.com/fastapi-web-application-framework-episode-259/ @@ -270,8 +348,12 @@ podcasts: author_link: https://pythonbytes.fm/ link: https://pythonbytes.fm/episodes/show/123/time-to-right-the-py-wrongs?time_in_sec=855 title: FastAPI on PythonBytes -talks: - english: +Talks: + English: + - author: Jeny Sadadia + author_link: https://github.com/JenySadadia + link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZdTe8_Z6BQ + title: 'PyCon AU 2023: Testing asynchronous applications with FastAPI and pytest' - author: Sebastián Ramírez (tiangolo) author_link: https://twitter.com/tiangolo link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnpTY1f4k2U diff --git a/docs/en/data/github_sponsors.yml b/docs/en/data/github_sponsors.yml index 162a8dbe2..259a67f8f 100644 --- a/docs/en/data/github_sponsors.yml +++ b/docs/en/data/github_sponsors.yml @@ -1,58 +1,235 @@ sponsors: -- - 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avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/41201924?u=6883cc4fc13a7b2e60d4deddd4be06f9c5287880&v=4 - url: https://github.com/aviramha -- login: Cajuteq - count: 4 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/26676532?u=8ee0422981810e51480855de1c0d67b6b79cd3f2&v=4 - url: https://github.com/Cajuteq -- login: Zxilly - count: 4 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31370133?v=4 - url: https://github.com/Zxilly -- login: dukkee - count: 4 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/36825394?u=ccfd86e6a4f2d093dad6f7544cc875af67fa2df8&v=4 - url: https://github.com/dukkee -- login: Bluenix2 - count: 4 - avatarUrl: https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38372706?u=c9d28aff15958d6ebf1971148bfb3154ff943c4f&v=4 - url: https://github.com/Bluenix2 diff --git a/docs/en/data/sponsors.yml b/docs/en/data/sponsors.yml index 4949e6c56..fd8518ce3 100644 --- a/docs/en/data/sponsors.yml +++ b/docs/en/data/sponsors.yml @@ -1,27 +1,57 @@ gold: - - url: https://bit.ly/2QSouzH - title: "Jina: build neural search-as-a-service for any kind of data in just minutes." - img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina.svg + - url: https://cryptapi.io/ + title: "CryptAPI: Your easy to use, secure and privacy oriented payment gateway." + img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/cryptapi.svg + - url: https://platform.sh/try-it-now/?utm_source=fastapi-signup&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=FastAPI-signup-June-2023 + title: "Build, run and scale your apps on a modern, reliable, and secure PaaS." + img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/platform-sh.png + - url: https://www.porter.run + title: Deploy FastAPI on AWS with a few clicks + img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/porter.png + - url: https://bump.sh/fastapi?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=sponsor + title: Automate FastAPI documentation generation with Bump.sh + img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/bump-sh.svg + - url: https://reflex.dev + title: Reflex + img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/reflex.png + - url: https://github.com/scalar/scalar/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=main-badge + title: "Scalar: Beautiful Open-Source API References from Swagger/OpenAPI files" + img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/scalar.svg + - url: https://www.propelauth.com/?utm_source=fastapi&utm_campaign=1223&utm_medium=mainbadge + title: Auth, user management and more for your B2B product + img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/propelauth.png + - url: https://www.withcoherence.com/?utm_medium=advertising&utm_source=fastapi&utm_campaign=banner%20january%2024 + title: Coherence + img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/coherence.png silver: - - url: https://www.deta.sh/?ref=fastapi - title: The launchpad for all your (team's) ideas - img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/deta.svg - - url: https://www.investsuite.com/jobs - title: Wealthtech jobs with FastAPI - img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/investsuite.svg - - url: https://www.vim.so/?utm_source=FastAPI - title: We help you master vim with interactive exercises - img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/vimso.png - - url: https://talkpython.fm/fastapi-sponsor + - url: https://training.talkpython.fm/fastapi-courses title: FastAPI video courses on demand from people you trust - img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/talkpython.png + img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/talkpython-v2.jpg - url: https://testdriven.io/courses/tdd-fastapi/ title: Learn to build high-quality web apps with best practices img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/testdriven.svg - url: https://github.com/deepset-ai/haystack/ title: Build powerful search from composable, open source building blocks img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/haystack-fastapi.svg + - url: https://careers.powens.com/ + title: Powens is hiring! + img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/powens.png + - url: https://databento.com/ + title: Pay as you go for market data + img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/databento.svg + - url: https://speakeasyapi.dev?utm_source=fastapi+repo&utm_medium=github+sponsorship + title: SDKs for your API | Speakeasy + img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/speakeasy.png + - url: https://www.svix.com/ + title: Svix - Webhooks as a service + img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/svix.svg + - url: https://www.codacy.com/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=sponsors&utm_id=pioneers + title: Take code reviews from hours to minutes + img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/codacy.png bronze: - - url: https://calmcode.io - title: Code. Simply. Clearly. Calmly. - img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/calmcode.jpg + - url: https://www.exoflare.com/open-source/?utm_source=FastAPI&utm_campaign=open_source + title: Biosecurity risk assessments made easy. + img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/exoflare.png + - url: https://bit.ly/3JJ7y5C + title: Build cross-modal and multimodal applications on the cloud + img: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/sponsors/jina2.svg diff --git a/docs/en/data/sponsors_badge.yml b/docs/en/data/sponsors_badge.yml index 0496c6279..00cbec7d2 100644 --- a/docs/en/data/sponsors_badge.yml +++ b/docs/en/data/sponsors_badge.yml @@ -2,7 +2,29 @@ logins: - jina-ai - deta - investsuite - - vimsoHQ - mikeckennedy - - koaning - deepset-ai + - cryptapi + - xoflare + - DropbaseHQ + - VincentParedes + - BLUE-DEVIL1134 + - ObliviousAI + - Doist + - nihpo + - armand-sauzay + - databento-bot + - databento + - nanram22 + - Flint-company + - porter-dev + - fern-api + - ndimares + - svixhq + - Alek99 + - codacy + - zanfaruqui + - scalar + - bump-sh + - andrew-propelauth + - svix diff --git a/docs/en/docs/about/index.md b/docs/en/docs/about/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..27b78696b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/about/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# About + +About FastAPI, its design, inspiration and more. 🤓 diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md index 4b8b3b71e..41b39c18e 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md @@ -23,12 +23,12 @@ Each of those response `dict`s can have a key `model`, containing a Pydantic mod For example, to declare another response with a status code `404` and a Pydantic model `Message`, you can write: -```Python hl_lines="18 23" +```Python hl_lines="18 22" {!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py!} ``` !!! note - Have in mind that you have to return the `JSONResponse` directly. + Keep in mind that you have to return the `JSONResponse` directly. !!! info The `model` key is not part of OpenAPI. @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ For example, to declare another response with a status code `404` and a Pydantic **FastAPI** will take the Pydantic model from there, generate the `JSON Schema`, and put it in the correct place. The correct place is: - + * In the key `content`, that has as value another JSON object (`dict`) that contains: * A key with the media type, e.g. `application/json`, that contains as value another JSON object, that contains: * A key `schema`, that has as the value the JSON Schema from the model, here's the correct place. @@ -236,5 +236,5 @@ For example: To see what exactly you can include in the responses, you can check these sections in the OpenAPI specification: -* OpenAPI Responses Object, it includes the `Response Object`. -* OpenAPI Response Object, you can include anything from this directly in each response inside your `responses` parameter. Including `description`, `headers`, `content` (inside of this is that you declare different media types and JSON Schemas), and `links`. +* OpenAPI Responses Object, it includes the `Response Object`. +* OpenAPI Response Object, you can include anything from this directly in each response inside your `responses` parameter. Including `description`, `headers`, `content` (inside of this is that you declare different media types and JSON Schemas), and `links`. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md index eb6031953..0ce275343 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md @@ -14,15 +14,47 @@ But you also want it to accept new items. And when the items didn't exist before To achieve that, import `JSONResponse`, and return your content there directly, setting the `status_code` that you want: -```Python hl_lines="4 23" -{!../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 26" + {!> ../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="2 23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="4 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py!} + ``` !!! warning When you return a `Response` directly, like in the example above, it will be returned directly. It won't be serialized with a model, etc. - + Make sure it has the data you want it to have, and that the values are valid JSON (if you are using `JSONResponse`). !!! note "Technical Details" diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/advanced-dependencies.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/advanced-dependencies.md index 5e79776ca..0cffab56d 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/advanced-dependencies.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/advanced-dependencies.md @@ -18,9 +18,26 @@ Not the class itself (which is already a callable), but an instance of that clas To do that, we declare a method `__call__`: -```Python hl_lines="10" -{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!} + ``` In this case, this `__call__` is what **FastAPI** will use to check for additional parameters and sub-dependencies, and this is what will be called to pass a value to the parameter in your *path operation function* later. @@ -28,9 +45,26 @@ In this case, this `__call__` is what **FastAPI** will use to check for addition And now, we can use `__init__` to declare the parameters of the instance that we can use to "parameterize" the dependency: -```Python hl_lines="7" -{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!} + ``` In this case, **FastAPI** won't ever touch or care about `__init__`, we will use it directly in our code. @@ -38,9 +72,26 @@ In this case, **FastAPI** won't ever touch or care about `__init__`, we will use We could create an instance of this class with: -```Python hl_lines="16" -{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!} + ``` And that way we are able to "parameterize" our dependency, that now has `"bar"` inside of it, as the attribute `checker.fixed_content`. @@ -56,9 +107,26 @@ checker(q="somequery") ...and pass whatever that returns as the value of the dependency in our *path operation function* as the parameter `fixed_content_included`: -```Python hl_lines="20" -{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!} + ``` !!! tip All this might seem contrived. And it might not be very clear how is it useful yet. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/async-tests.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/async-tests.md index d5116233f..f9c82e6ab 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/async-tests.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/async-tests.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Async Tests -You have already seen how to test your **FastAPI** applications using the provided `TestClient`, but with it, you can't test or run any other `async` function in your (synchronous) pytest functions. +You have already seen how to test your **FastAPI** applications using the provided `TestClient`. Up to now, you have only seen how to write synchronous tests, without using `async` functions. Being able to use asynchronous functions in your tests could be useful, for example, when you're querying your database asynchronously. Imagine you want to test sending requests to your FastAPI application and then verify that your backend successfully wrote the correct data in the database, while using an async database library. @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Let's look at how we can make that work. ## pytest.mark.anyio -If we want to call asynchronous functions in our tests, our test functions have to be asynchronous. Anyio provides a neat plugin for this, that allows us to specify that some test functions are to be called asynchronously. +If we want to call asynchronous functions in our tests, our test functions have to be asynchronous. AnyIO provides a neat plugin for this, that allows us to specify that some test functions are to be called asynchronously. ## HTTPX @@ -16,23 +16,27 @@ Even if your **FastAPI** application uses normal `def` functions instead of `asy The `TestClient` does some magic inside to call the asynchronous FastAPI application in your normal `def` test functions, using standard pytest. But that magic doesn't work anymore when we're using it inside asynchronous functions. By running our tests asynchronously, we can no longer use the `TestClient` inside our test functions. -Luckily there's a nice alternative, called HTTPX. - -HTTPX is an HTTP client for Python 3 that allows us to query our FastAPI application similarly to how we did it with the `TestClient`. - -If you're familiar with the Requests library, you'll find that the API of HTTPX is almost identical. - -The important difference for us is that with HTTPX we are not limited to synchronous, but can also make asynchronous requests. +The `TestClient` is based on HTTPX, and luckily, we can use it directly to test the API. ## Example -For a simple example, let's consider the following `main.py` module: +For a simple example, let's consider a file structure similar to the one described in [Bigger Applications](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank} and [Testing](../tutorial/testing.md){.internal-link target=_blank}: + +``` +. +├── app +│   ├── __init__.py +│   ├── main.py +│   └── test_main.py +``` + +The file `main.py` would have: ```Python {!../../../docs_src/async_tests/main.py!} ``` -The `test_main.py` module that contains the tests for `main.py` could look like this now: +The file `test_main.py` would have the tests for `main.py`, it could look like this now: ```Python {!../../../docs_src/async_tests/test_main.py!} @@ -75,11 +79,14 @@ This is the equivalent to: response = client.get('/') ``` -that we used to make our requests with the `TestClient`. +...that we used to make our requests with the `TestClient`. !!! tip Note that we're using async/await with the new `AsyncClient` - the request is asynchronous. +!!! warning + If your application relies on lifespan events, the `AsyncClient` won't trigger these events. To ensure they are triggered, use `LifespanManager` from florimondmanca/asgi-lifespan. + ## Other Asynchronous Function Calls As the testing function is now asynchronous, you can now also call (and `await`) other `async` functions apart from sending requests to your FastAPI application in your tests, exactly as you would call them anywhere else in your code. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/behind-a-proxy.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/behind-a-proxy.md index 766a218aa..4da2ddefc 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/behind-a-proxy.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/behind-a-proxy.md @@ -18,7 +18,11 @@ In this case, the original path `/app` would actually be served at `/api/v1/app` Even though all your code is written assuming there's just `/app`. -And the proxy would be **"stripping"** the **path prefix** on the fly before transmitting the request to Uvicorn, keep your application convinced that it is serving at `/app`, so that you don't have to update all your code to include the prefix `/api/v1`. +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/behind_a_proxy/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +And the proxy would be **"stripping"** the **path prefix** on the fly before transmitting the request to Uvicorn, keeping your application convinced that it is being served at `/app`, so that you don't have to update all your code to include the prefix `/api/v1`. Up to here, everything would work as normally. @@ -46,7 +50,7 @@ The docs UI would also need the OpenAPI schema to declare that this API `server` ```JSON hl_lines="4-8" { - "openapi": "3.0.2", + "openapi": "3.1.0", // More stuff here "servers": [ { @@ -125,7 +129,7 @@ Passing the `root_path` to `FastAPI` would be the equivalent of passing the `--r ### About `root_path` -Have in mind that the server (Uvicorn) won't use that `root_path` for anything else than passing it to the app. +Keep in mind that the server (Uvicorn) won't use that `root_path` for anything else than passing it to the app. But if you go with your browser to http://127.0.0.1:8000/app you will see the normal response: @@ -142,7 +146,7 @@ Uvicorn will expect the proxy to access Uvicorn at `http://127.0.0.1:8000/app`, ## About proxies with a stripped path prefix -Have in mind that a proxy with stripped path prefix is only one of the ways to configure it. +Keep in mind that a proxy with stripped path prefix is only one of the ways to configure it. Probably in many cases the default will be that the proxy doesn't have a stripped path prefix. @@ -251,7 +255,7 @@ We get the same response: but this time at the URL with the prefix path provided by the proxy: `/api/v1`. -Of course, the idea here is that everyone would access the app through the proxy, so the version with the path prefix `/app/v1` is the "correct" one. +Of course, the idea here is that everyone would access the app through the proxy, so the version with the path prefix `/api/v1` is the "correct" one. And the version without the path prefix (`http://127.0.0.1:8000/app`), provided by Uvicorn directly, would be exclusively for the _proxy_ (Traefik) to access it. @@ -298,7 +302,7 @@ Will generate an OpenAPI schema like: ```JSON hl_lines="5-7" { - "openapi": "3.0.2", + "openapi": "3.1.0", // More stuff here "servers": [ { diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-response.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-response.md index 546adad2a..827776f5e 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-response.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-response.md @@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ For example, if you are squeezing performance, you can install and use `orjson`, but with some custom settings not used in the included `ORJSONResponse` class. + +Let's say you want it to return indented and formatted JSON, so you want to use the orjson option `orjson.OPT_INDENT_2`. + +You could create a `CustomORJSONResponse`. The main thing you have to do is create a `Response.render(content)` method that returns the content as `bytes`: + +```Python hl_lines="9-14 17" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009c.py!} +``` + +Now instead of returning: + +```json +{"message": "Hello World"} +``` + +...this response will return: + +```json +{ + "message": "Hello World" +} +``` + +Of course, you will probably find much better ways to take advantage of this than formatting JSON. 😉 + ## Default response class When creating a **FastAPI** class instance or an `APIRouter` you can specify which response class to use by default. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md index 80a063bb8..ed1d5610f 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ But FastAPI also supports using internal support for `dataclasses`. +This is still supported thanks to **Pydantic**, as it has internal support for `dataclasses`. So, even with the code above that doesn't use Pydantic explicitly, FastAPI is using Pydantic to convert those standard dataclasses to Pydantic's own flavor of dataclasses. @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ And of course, it supports the same: This works the same way as with Pydantic models. And it is actually achieved in the same way underneath, using Pydantic. !!! info - Have in mind that dataclasses can't do everything Pydantic models can do. + Keep in mind that dataclasses can't do everything Pydantic models can do. So, you might still need to use Pydantic models. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/events.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/events.md index 7cd2998f0..ca9d86ae4 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/events.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/events.md @@ -1,13 +1,108 @@ -# Events: startup - shutdown +# Lifespan Events + +You can define logic (code) that should be executed before the application **starts up**. This means that this code will be executed **once**, **before** the application **starts receiving requests**. + +The same way, you can define logic (code) that should be executed when the application is **shutting down**. In this case, this code will be executed **once**, **after** having handled possibly **many requests**. + +Because this code is executed before the application **starts** taking requests, and right after it **finishes** handling requests, it covers the whole application **lifespan** (the word "lifespan" will be important in a second 😉). + +This can be very useful for setting up **resources** that you need to use for the whole app, and that are **shared** among requests, and/or that you need to **clean up** afterwards. For example, a database connection pool, or loading a shared machine learning model. + +## Use Case + +Let's start with an example **use case** and then see how to solve it with this. + +Let's imagine that you have some **machine learning models** that you want to use to handle requests. 🤖 + +The same models are shared among requests, so, it's not one model per request, or one per user or something similar. + +Let's imagine that loading the model can **take quite some time**, because it has to read a lot of **data from disk**. So you don't want to do it for every request. + +You could load it at the top level of the module/file, but that would also mean that it would **load the model** even if you are just running a simple automated test, then that test would be **slow** because it would have to wait for the model to load before being able to run an independent part of the code. + +That's what we'll solve, let's load the model before the requests are handled, but only right before the application starts receiving requests, not while the code is being loaded. + +## Lifespan + +You can define this *startup* and *shutdown* logic using the `lifespan` parameter of the `FastAPI` app, and a "context manager" (I'll show you what that is in a second). + +Let's start with an example and then see it in detail. + +We create an async function `lifespan()` with `yield` like this: + +```Python hl_lines="16 19" +{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +Here we are simulating the expensive *startup* operation of loading the model by putting the (fake) model function in the dictionary with machine learning models before the `yield`. This code will be executed **before** the application **starts taking requests**, during the *startup*. + +And then, right after the `yield`, we unload the model. This code will be executed **after** the application **finishes handling requests**, right before the *shutdown*. This could, for example, release resources like memory or a GPU. + +!!! tip + The `shutdown` would happen when you are **stopping** the application. + + Maybe you need to start a new version, or you just got tired of running it. 🤷 + +### Lifespan function + +The first thing to notice, is that we are defining an async function with `yield`. This is very similar to Dependencies with `yield`. + +```Python hl_lines="14-19" +{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +The first part of the function, before the `yield`, will be executed **before** the application starts. + +And the part after the `yield` will be executed **after** the application has finished. + +### Async Context Manager + +If you check, the function is decorated with an `@asynccontextmanager`. + +That converts the function into something called an "**async context manager**". + +```Python hl_lines="1 13" +{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +A **context manager** in Python is something that you can use in a `with` statement, for example, `open()` can be used as a context manager: + +```Python +with open("file.txt") as file: + file.read() +``` + +In recent versions of Python, there's also an **async context manager**. You would use it with `async with`: + +```Python +async with lifespan(app): + await do_stuff() +``` + +When you create a context manager or an async context manager like above, what it does is that, before entering the `with` block, it will execute the code before the `yield`, and after exiting the `with` block, it will execute the code after the `yield`. + +In our code example above, we don't use it directly, but we pass it to FastAPI for it to use it. + +The `lifespan` parameter of the `FastAPI` app takes an **async context manager**, so we can pass our new `lifespan` async context manager to it. + +```Python hl_lines="22" +{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +## Alternative Events (deprecated) + +!!! warning + The recommended way to handle the *startup* and *shutdown* is using the `lifespan` parameter of the `FastAPI` app as described above. If you provide a `lifespan` parameter, `startup` and `shutdown` event handlers will no longer be called. It's all `lifespan` or all events, not both. + + You can probably skip this part. + +There's an alternative way to define this logic to be executed during *startup* and during *shutdown*. You can define event handlers (functions) that need to be executed before the application starts up, or when the application is shutting down. These functions can be declared with `async def` or normal `def`. -!!! warning - Only event handlers for the main application will be executed, not for [Sub Applications - Mounts](./sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. - -## `startup` event +### `startup` event To add a function that should be run before the application starts, declare it with the event `"startup"`: @@ -21,7 +116,7 @@ You can add more than one event handler function. And your application won't start receiving requests until all the `startup` event handlers have completed. -## `shutdown` event +### `shutdown` event To add a function that should be run when the application is shutting down, declare it with the event `"shutdown"`: @@ -43,5 +138,25 @@ Here, the `shutdown` event handler function will write a text line `"Application So, we declare the event handler function with standard `def` instead of `async def`. +### `startup` and `shutdown` together + +There's a high chance that the logic for your *startup* and *shutdown* is connected, you might want to start something and then finish it, acquire a resource and then release it, etc. + +Doing that in separated functions that don't share logic or variables together is more difficult as you would need to store values in global variables or similar tricks. + +Because of that, it's now recommended to instead use the `lifespan` as explained above. + +## Technical Details + +Just a technical detail for the curious nerds. 🤓 + +Underneath, in the ASGI technical specification, this is part of the Lifespan Protocol, and it defines events called `startup` and `shutdown`. + !!! info - You can read more about these event handlers in Starlette's Events' docs. + You can read more about the Starlette `lifespan` handlers in Starlette's Lifespan' docs. + + Including how to handle lifespan state that can be used in other areas of your code. + +## Sub Applications + +🚨 Keep in mind that these lifespan events (startup and shutdown) will only be executed for the main application, not for [Sub Applications - Mounts](./sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/generate-clients.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/generate-clients.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3a810baee --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/generate-clients.md @@ -0,0 +1,286 @@ +# Generate Clients + +As **FastAPI** is based on the OpenAPI specification, you get automatic compatibility with many tools, including the automatic API docs (provided by Swagger UI). + +One particular advantage that is not necessarily obvious is that you can **generate clients** (sometimes called **SDKs** ) for your API, for many different **programming languages**. + +## OpenAPI Client Generators + +There are many tools to generate clients from **OpenAPI**. + +A common tool is OpenAPI Generator. + +If you are building a **frontend**, a very interesting alternative is openapi-typescript-codegen. + +## Client and SDK Generators - Sponsor + +There are also some **company-backed** Client and SDK generators based on OpenAPI (FastAPI), in some cases they can offer you **additional features** on top of high-quality generated SDKs/clients. + +Some of them also ✨ [**sponsor FastAPI**](../help-fastapi.md#sponsor-the-author){.internal-link target=_blank} ✨, this ensures the continued and healthy **development** of FastAPI and its **ecosystem**. + +And it shows their true commitment to FastAPI and its **community** (you), as they not only want to provide you a **good service** but also want to make sure you have a **good and healthy framework**, FastAPI. 🙇 + +For example, you might want to try Speakeasy. + +There are also several other companies offering similar services that you can search and find online. 🤓 + +## Generate a TypeScript Frontend Client + +Let's start with a simple FastAPI application: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7-9 12-13 16-17 21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-11 14-15 18 19 23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +Notice that the *path operations* define the models they use for request payload and response payload, using the models `Item` and `ResponseMessage`. + +### API Docs + +If you go to the API docs, you will see that it has the **schemas** for the data to be sent in requests and received in responses: + + + +You can see those schemas because they were declared with the models in the app. + +That information is available in the app's **OpenAPI schema**, and then shown in the API docs (by Swagger UI). + +And that same information from the models that is included in OpenAPI is what can be used to **generate the client code**. + +### Generate a TypeScript Client + +Now that we have the app with the models, we can generate the client code for the frontend. + +#### Install `openapi-typescript-codegen` + +You can install `openapi-typescript-codegen` in your frontend code with: + +
+ +```console +$ npm install openapi-typescript-codegen --save-dev + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +#### Generate Client Code + +To generate the client code you can use the command line application `openapi` that would now be installed. + +Because it is installed in the local project, you probably wouldn't be able to call that command directly, but you would put it on your `package.json` file. + +It could look like this: + +```JSON hl_lines="7" +{ + "name": "frontend-app", + "version": "1.0.0", + "description": "", + "main": "index.js", + "scripts": { + "generate-client": "openapi --input http://localhost:8000/openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios --useOptions --useUnionTypes" + }, + "author": "", + "license": "", + "devDependencies": { + "openapi-typescript-codegen": "^0.20.1", + "typescript": "^4.6.2" + } +} +``` + +After having that NPM `generate-client` script there, you can run it with: + +
+ +```console +$ npm run generate-client + +frontend-app@1.0.0 generate-client /home/user/code/frontend-app +> openapi --input http://localhost:8000/openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios --useOptions --useUnionTypes +``` + +
+ +That command will generate code in `./src/client` and will use `axios` (the frontend HTTP library) internally. + +### Try Out the Client Code + +Now you can import and use the client code, it could look like this, notice that you get autocompletion for the methods: + + + +You will also get autocompletion for the payload to send: + + + +!!! tip + Notice the autocompletion for `name` and `price`, that was defined in the FastAPI application, in the `Item` model. + +You will have inline errors for the data that you send: + + + +The response object will also have autocompletion: + + + +## FastAPI App with Tags + +In many cases your FastAPI app will be bigger, and you will probably use tags to separate different groups of *path operations*. + +For example, you could have a section for **items** and another section for **users**, and they could be separated by tags: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="21 26 34" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="23 28 36" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +### Generate a TypeScript Client with Tags + +If you generate a client for a FastAPI app using tags, it will normally also separate the client code based on the tags. + +This way you will be able to have things ordered and grouped correctly for the client code: + + + +In this case you have: + +* `ItemsService` +* `UsersService` + +### Client Method Names + +Right now the generated method names like `createItemItemsPost` don't look very clean: + +```TypeScript +ItemsService.createItemItemsPost({name: "Plumbus", price: 5}) +``` + +...that's because the client generator uses the OpenAPI internal **operation ID** for each *path operation*. + +OpenAPI requires that each operation ID is unique across all the *path operations*, so FastAPI uses the **function name**, the **path**, and the **HTTP method/operation** to generate that operation ID, because that way it can make sure that the operation IDs are unique. + +But I'll show you how to improve that next. 🤓 + +## Custom Operation IDs and Better Method Names + +You can **modify** the way these operation IDs are **generated** to make them simpler and have **simpler method names** in the clients. + +In this case you will have to ensure that each operation ID is **unique** in some other way. + +For example, you could make sure that each *path operation* has a tag, and then generate the operation ID based on the **tag** and the *path operation* **name** (the function name). + +### Custom Generate Unique ID Function + +FastAPI uses a **unique ID** for each *path operation*, it is used for the **operation ID** and also for the names of any needed custom models, for requests or responses. + +You can customize that function. It takes an `APIRoute` and outputs a string. + +For example, here it is using the first tag (you will probably have only one tag) and the *path operation* name (the function name). + +You can then pass that custom function to **FastAPI** as the `generate_unique_id_function` parameter: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="6-7 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8-9 12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +### Generate a TypeScript Client with Custom Operation IDs + +Now if you generate the client again, you will see that it has the improved method names: + + + +As you see, the method names now have the tag and then the function name, now they don't include information from the URL path and the HTTP operation. + +### Preprocess the OpenAPI Specification for the Client Generator + +The generated code still has some **duplicated information**. + +We already know that this method is related to the **items** because that word is in the `ItemsService` (taken from the tag), but we still have the tag name prefixed in the method name too. 😕 + +We will probably still want to keep it for OpenAPI in general, as that will ensure that the operation IDs are **unique**. + +But for the generated client we could **modify** the OpenAPI operation IDs right before generating the clients, just to make those method names nicer and **cleaner**. + +We could download the OpenAPI JSON to a file `openapi.json` and then we could **remove that prefixed tag** with a script like this: + +=== "Python" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "Node.js" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial004.js!} + ``` + +With that, the operation IDs would be renamed from things like `items-get_items` to just `get_items`, that way the client generator can generate simpler method names. + +### Generate a TypeScript Client with the Preprocessed OpenAPI + +Now as the end result is in a file `openapi.json`, you would modify the `package.json` to use that local file, for example: + +```JSON hl_lines="7" +{ + "name": "frontend-app", + "version": "1.0.0", + "description": "", + "main": "index.js", + "scripts": { + "generate-client": "openapi --input ./openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios --useOptions --useUnionTypes" + }, + "author": "", + "license": "", + "devDependencies": { + "openapi-typescript-codegen": "^0.20.1", + "typescript": "^4.6.2" + } +} +``` + +After generating the new client, you would now have **clean method names**, with all the **autocompletion**, **inline errors**, etc: + + + +## Benefits + +When using the automatically generated clients you would **autocompletion** for: + +* Methods. +* Request payloads in the body, query parameters, etc. +* Response payloads. + +You would also have **inline errors** for everything. + +And whenever you update the backend code, and **regenerate** the frontend, it would have any new *path operations* available as methods, the old ones removed, and any other change would be reflected on the generated code. 🤓 + +This also means that if something changed it will be **reflected** on the client code automatically. And if you **build** the client it will error out if you have any **mismatch** in the data used. + +So, you would **detect many errors** very early in the development cycle instead of having to wait for the errors to show up to your final users in production and then trying to debug where the problem is. ✨ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/index.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/index.md index 917f4a62e..d8dcd4ca6 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/index.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/index.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Advanced User Guide - Intro +# Advanced User Guide ## Additional Features @@ -17,8 +17,17 @@ You could still use most of the features in **FastAPI** with the knowledge from And the next sections assume you already read it, and assume that you know those main ideas. -## TestDriven.io course +## External Courses -If you would like to take an advanced-beginner course to complement this section of the docs, you might want to check: Test-Driven Development with FastAPI and Docker by **TestDriven.io**. +Although the [Tutorial - User Guide](../tutorial/){.internal-link target=_blank} and this **Advanced User Guide** are written as a guided tutorial (like a book) and should be enough for you to **learn FastAPI**, you might want to complement it with additional courses. -They are currently donating 10% of all profits to the development of **FastAPI**. 🎉 😄 +Or it might be the case that you just prefer to take other courses because they adapt better to your learning style. + +Some course providers ✨ [**sponsor FastAPI**](../help-fastapi.md#sponsor-the-author){.internal-link target=_blank} ✨, this ensures the continued and healthy **development** of FastAPI and its **ecosystem**. + +And it shows their true commitment to FastAPI and its **community** (you), as they not only want to provide you a **good learning experience** but also want to make sure you have a **good and healthy framework**, FastAPI. 🙇 + +You might want to try their courses: + +* Talk Python Training +* Test-Driven Development diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/middleware.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/middleware.md index ed90f29be..9219f1d2c 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/middleware.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/middleware.md @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Enforces that all incoming requests have a correctly set `Host` header, in order The following arguments are supported: -* `allowed_hosts` - A list of domain names that should be allowed as hostnames. Wildcard domains such as `*.example.com` are supported for matching subdomains to allow any hostname either use `allowed_hosts=["*"]` or omit the middleware. +* `allowed_hosts` - A list of domain names that should be allowed as hostnames. Wildcard domains such as `*.example.com` are supported for matching subdomains. To allow any hostname either use `allowed_hosts=["*"]` or omit the middleware. If an incoming request does not validate correctly then a `400` response will be sent. @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ There are many other ASGI middlewares. For example: -* Sentry +* Sentry * Uvicorn's `ProxyHeadersMiddleware` * MessagePack diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md index 138c90dd7..03429b187 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-callbacks.md @@ -31,14 +31,14 @@ It will have a *path operation* that will receive an `Invoice` body, and a query This part is pretty normal, most of the code is probably already familiar to you: -```Python hl_lines="10-14 37-54" +```Python hl_lines="9-13 36-53" {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!} ``` !!! tip The `callback_url` query parameter uses a Pydantic URL type. -The only new thing is the `callbacks=messages_callback_router.routes` as an argument to the *path operation decorator*. We'll see what that is next. +The only new thing is the `callbacks=invoices_callback_router.routes` as an argument to the *path operation decorator*. We'll see what that is next. ## Documenting the callback @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ It could be just one or two lines of code, like: ```Python callback_url = "https://example.com/api/v1/invoices/events/" -requests.post(callback_url, json={"description": "Invoice paid", "paid": True}) +httpx.post(callback_url, json={"description": "Invoice paid", "paid": True}) ``` But possibly the most important part of the callback is making sure that your API user (the external developer) implements the *external API* correctly, according to the data that *your API* is going to send in the request body of the callback, etc. @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ This example doesn't implement the callback itself (that could be just a line of !!! tip The actual callback is just an HTTP request. - When implementing the callback yourself, you could use something like HTTPX or Requests. + When implementing the callback yourself, you could use something like HTTPX or Requests. ## Write the callback documentation code @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ So we are going to use that same knowledge to document how the *external API* sh First create a new `APIRouter` that will contain one or more callbacks. -```Python hl_lines="5 26" +```Python hl_lines="3 25" {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!} ``` @@ -96,18 +96,18 @@ It should look just like a normal FastAPI *path operation*: * It should probably have a declaration of the body it should receive, e.g. `body: InvoiceEvent`. * And it could also have a declaration of the response it should return, e.g. `response_model=InvoiceEventReceived`. -```Python hl_lines="17-19 22-23 29-33" +```Python hl_lines="16-18 21-22 28-32" {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!} ``` There are 2 main differences from a normal *path operation*: * It doesn't need to have any actual code, because your app will never call this code. It's only used to document the *external API*. So, the function could just have `pass`. -* The *path* can contain an OpenAPI 3 expression (see more below) where it can use variables with parameters and parts of the original request sent to *your API*. +* The *path* can contain an OpenAPI 3 expression (see more below) where it can use variables with parameters and parts of the original request sent to *your API*. ### The callback path expression -The callback *path* can have an OpenAPI 3 expression that can contain parts of the original request sent to *your API*. +The callback *path* can have an OpenAPI 3 expression that can contain parts of the original request sent to *your API*. In this case, it's the `str`: @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ At this point you have the *callback path operation(s)* needed (the one(s) that Now use the parameter `callbacks` in *your API's path operation decorator* to pass the attribute `.routes` (that's actually just a `list` of routes/*path operations*) from that callback router: -```Python hl_lines="36" +```Python hl_lines="35" {!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!} ``` diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-webhooks.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-webhooks.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..63cbdc610 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/openapi-webhooks.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +# OpenAPI Webhooks + +There are cases where you want to tell your API **users** that your app could call *their* app (sending a request) with some data, normally to **notify** of some type of **event**. + +This means that instead of the normal process of your users sending requests to your API, it's **your API** (or your app) that could **send requests to their system** (to their API, their app). + +This is normally called a **webhook**. + +## Webhooks steps + +The process normally is that **you define** in your code what is the message that you will send, the **body of the request**. + +You also define in some way at which **moments** your app will send those requests or events. + +And **your users** define in some way (for example in a web dashboard somewhere) the **URL** where your app should send those requests. + +All the **logic** about how to register the URLs for webhooks and the code to actually send those requests is up to you. You write it however you want to in **your own code**. + +## Documenting webhooks with **FastAPI** and OpenAPI + +With **FastAPI**, using OpenAPI, you can define the names of these webhooks, the types of HTTP operations that your app can send (e.g. `POST`, `PUT`, etc.) and the request **bodies** that your app would send. + +This can make it a lot easier for your users to **implement their APIs** to receive your **webhook** requests, they might even be able to autogenerate some of their own API code. + +!!! info + Webhooks are available in OpenAPI 3.1.0 and above, supported by FastAPI `0.99.0` and above. + +## An app with webhooks + +When you create a **FastAPI** application, there is a `webhooks` attribute that you can use to define *webhooks*, the same way you would define *path operations*, for example with `@app.webhooks.post()`. + +```Python hl_lines="9-13 36-53" +{!../../../docs_src/openapi_webhooks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +The webhooks that you define will end up in the **OpenAPI** schema and the automatic **docs UI**. + +!!! info + The `app.webhooks` object is actually just an `APIRouter`, the same type you would use when structuring your app with multiple files. + +Notice that with webhooks you are actually not declaring a *path* (like `/items/`), the text you pass there is just an **identifier** of the webhook (the name of the event), for example in `@app.webhooks.post("new-subscription")`, the webhook name is `new-subscription`. + +This is because it is expected that **your users** would define the actual **URL path** where they want to receive the webhook request in some other way (e.g. a web dashboard). + +### Check the docs + +Now you can start your app with Uvicorn and go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +You will see your docs have the normal *path operations* and now also some **webhooks**: + + diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md index a1c902ef2..8b79bfe22 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ And if you see the resulting OpenAPI (at `/openapi.json` in your API), you will ```JSON hl_lines="22" { - "openapi": "3.0.2", + "openapi": "3.1.0", "info": { "title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0" @@ -150,9 +150,20 @@ And you could do this even if the data type in the request is not JSON. For example, in this application we don't use FastAPI's integrated functionality to extract the JSON Schema from Pydantic models nor the automatic validation for JSON. In fact, we are declaring the request content type as YAML, not JSON: -```Python hl_lines="17-22 24" -{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007.py!} -``` +=== "Pydantic v2" + + ```Python hl_lines="17-22 24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007.py!} + ``` + +=== "Pydantic v1" + + ```Python hl_lines="17-22 24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007_pv1.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + In Pydantic version 1 the method to get the JSON Schema for a model was called `Item.schema()`, in Pydantic version 2, the method is called `Item.model_json_schema()`. Nevertheless, although we are not using the default integrated functionality, we are still using a Pydantic model to manually generate the JSON Schema for the data that we want to receive in YAML. @@ -160,9 +171,20 @@ Then we use the request directly, and extract the body as `bytes`. This means th And then in our code, we parse that YAML content directly, and then we are again using the same Pydantic model to validate the YAML content: -```Python hl_lines="26-33" -{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007.py!} -``` +=== "Pydantic v2" + + ```Python hl_lines="26-33" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007.py!} + ``` + +=== "Pydantic v1" + + ```Python hl_lines="26-33" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007_pv1.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + In Pydantic version 1 the method to parse and validate an object was `Item.parse_obj()`, in Pydantic version 2, the method is called `Item.model_validate()`. !!! tip Here we re-use the same Pydantic model. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/response-change-status-code.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/response-change-status-code.md index 979cef3f0..b88d74a8a 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/response-change-status-code.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/response-change-status-code.md @@ -30,4 +30,4 @@ And if you declared a `response_model`, it will still be used to filter and conv **FastAPI** will use that *temporal* response to extract the status code (also cookies and headers), and will put them in the final response that contains the value you returned, filtered by any `response_model`. -You can also declare the `Response` parameter in dependencies, and set the status code in them. But have in mind that the last one to be set will win. +You can also declare the `Response` parameter in dependencies, and set the status code in them. But keep in mind that the last one to be set will win. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/response-cookies.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/response-cookies.md index 9178ef816..d53985dbb 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/response-cookies.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/response-cookies.md @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Then set Cookies in it, and then return it: ``` !!! tip - Have in mind that if you return a response directly instead of using the `Response` parameter, FastAPI will return it directly. + Keep in mind that if you return a response directly instead of using the `Response` parameter, FastAPI will return it directly. So, you will have to make sure your data is of the correct type. E.g. it is compatible with JSON, if you are returning a `JSONResponse`. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/response-headers.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/response-headers.md index 758bd6455..49b5fe476 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/response-headers.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/response-headers.md @@ -37,6 +37,6 @@ Create a response as described in [Return a Response Directly](response-directly ## Custom Headers -Have in mind that custom proprietary headers can be added using the 'X-' prefix. +Keep in mind that custom proprietary headers can be added using the 'X-' prefix. But if you have custom headers that you want a client in a browser to be able to see, you need to add them to your CORS configurations (read more in [CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)](../tutorial/cors.md){.internal-link target=_blank}), using the parameter `expose_headers` documented in Starlette's CORS docs. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md index 6c589cd9a..680f4dff5 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md @@ -20,9 +20,26 @@ Then, when you type that username and password, the browser sends them in the he * It returns an object of type `HTTPBasicCredentials`: * It contains the `username` and `password` sent. -```Python hl_lines="2 6 10" -{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial006.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 8 12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial006_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="2 7 11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial006_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="2 6 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial006.py!} + ``` When you try to open the URL for the first time (or click the "Execute" button in the docs) the browser will ask you for your username and password: @@ -34,13 +51,36 @@ Here's a more complete example. Use a dependency to check if the username and password are correct. -For this, use the Python standard module `secrets` to check the username and password: +For this, use the Python standard module `secrets` to check the username and password. -```Python hl_lines="1 11-13" -{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!} -``` +`secrets.compare_digest()` needs to take `bytes` or a `str` that only contains ASCII characters (the ones in English), this means it wouldn't work with characters like `á`, as in `Sebastián`. -This will ensure that `credentials.username` is `"stanleyjobson"`, and that `credentials.password` is `"swordfish"`. This would be similar to: +To handle that, we first convert the `username` and `password` to `bytes` encoding them with UTF-8. + +Then we can use `secrets.compare_digest()` to ensure that `credentials.username` is `"stanleyjobson"`, and that `credentials.password` is `"swordfish"`. + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 12-24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 12-24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="1 11-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!} + ``` + +This would be similar to: ```Python if not (credentials.username == "stanleyjobson") or not (credentials.password == "swordfish"): @@ -65,7 +105,7 @@ if "johndoe" == "stanleyjobson" and "love123" == "swordfish": ... ``` -But right at the moment Python compares the first `j` in `johndoe` to the first `s` in `stanleyjobson`, it will return `False`, because it already knows that those two strings are not the same, thinking that "there's no need to waste more computation comparing the rest of the letters". And your application will say "incorrect user or password". +But right at the moment Python compares the first `j` in `johndoe` to the first `s` in `stanleyjobson`, it will return `False`, because it already knows that those two strings are not the same, thinking that "there's no need to waste more computation comparing the rest of the letters". And your application will say "Incorrect username or password". But then the attackers try with username `stanleyjobsox` and password `love123`. @@ -76,11 +116,11 @@ if "stanleyjobsox" == "stanleyjobson" and "love123" == "swordfish": ... ``` -Python will have to compare the whole `stanleyjobso` in both `stanleyjobsox` and `stanleyjobson` before realizing that both strings are not the same. So it will take some extra microseconds to reply back "incorrect user or password". +Python will have to compare the whole `stanleyjobso` in both `stanleyjobsox` and `stanleyjobson` before realizing that both strings are not the same. So it will take some extra microseconds to reply back "Incorrect username or password". #### The time to answer helps the attackers -At that point, by noticing that the server took some microseconds longer to send the "incorrect user or password" response, the attackers will know that they got _something_ right, some of the initial letters were right. +At that point, by noticing that the server took some microseconds longer to send the "Incorrect username or password" response, the attackers will know that they got _something_ right, some of the initial letters were right. And then they can try again knowing that it's probably something more similar to `stanleyjobsox` than to `johndoe`. @@ -102,6 +142,23 @@ That way, using `secrets.compare_digest()` in your application code, it will be After detecting that the credentials are incorrect, return an `HTTPException` with a status code 401 (the same returned when no credentials are provided) and add the header `WWW-Authenticate` to make the browser show the login prompt again: -```Python hl_lines="15-19" -{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="26-30" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="26-30" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="23-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial007.py!} + ``` diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/index.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/index.md index 0c94986b5..c18baf64b 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/index.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/index.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Advanced Security - Intro +# Advanced Security ## Additional Features diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md index 4bd9cfd04..b93d2991c 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md @@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ In this section you will see how to manage authentication and authorization with You don't necessarily need OAuth2 scopes, and you can handle authentication and authorization however you want. But OAuth2 with scopes can be nicely integrated into your API (with OpenAPI) and your API docs. - + Nevertheless, you still enforce those scopes, or any other security/authorization requirement, however you need, in your code. In many cases, OAuth2 with scopes can be an overkill. - + But if you know you need it, or you are curious, keep reading. ## OAuth2 scopes and OpenAPI @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ They are normally used to declare specific security permissions, for example: In OAuth2 a "scope" is just a string that declares a specific permission required. It doesn't matter if it has other characters like `:` or if it is a URL. - + Those details are implementation specific. For OAuth2 they are just strings. @@ -56,9 +56,50 @@ They are normally used to declare specific security permissions, for example: First, let's quickly see the parts that change from the examples in the main **Tutorial - User Guide** for [OAuth2 with Password (and hashing), Bearer with JWT tokens](../../tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. Now using OAuth2 scopes: -```Python hl_lines="2 4 8 12 46 64 105 107-115 121-124 128-134 139 153" -{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 8 12 46 64 105 107-115 121-124 128-134 139 155" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="2 4 8 12 46 64 105 107-115 121-124 128-134 139 155" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="2 4 8 12 47 65 106 108-116 122-125 129-135 140 156" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="3 7 11 45 63 104 106-114 120-123 127-133 138 154" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="2 4 8 12 46 64 105 107-115 121-124 128-134 139 155" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="2 4 8 12 46 64 105 107-115 121-124 128-134 139 155" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} + ``` Now let's review those changes step by step. @@ -68,9 +109,51 @@ The first change is that now we are declaring the OAuth2 security scheme with tw The `scopes` parameter receives a `dict` with each scope as a key and the description as the value: -```Python hl_lines="62-65" -{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="62-65" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="62-65" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="63-66" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="61-64" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + + +=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="62-65" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="62-65" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} + ``` Because we are now declaring those scopes, they will show up in the API docs when you log-in/authorize. @@ -93,9 +176,50 @@ And we return the scopes as part of the JWT token. But in your application, for security, you should make sure you only add the scopes that the user is actually able to have, or the ones you have predefined. -```Python hl_lines="153" -{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="155" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="155" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="156" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="154" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="155" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="155" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} + ``` ## Declare scopes in *path operations* and dependencies @@ -115,12 +239,53 @@ In this case, it requires the scope `me` (it could require more than one scope). !!! note You don't necessarily need to add different scopes in different places. - + We are doing it here to demonstrate how **FastAPI** handles scopes declared at different levels. -```Python hl_lines="4 139 166" -{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 139 170" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 139 170" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 140 171" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="3 138 167" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="4 139 168" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="4 139 168" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} + ``` !!! info "Technical Details" `Security` is actually a subclass of `Depends`, and it has just one extra parameter that we'll see later. @@ -143,9 +308,50 @@ We also declare a special parameter of type `SecurityScopes`, imported from `fas This `SecurityScopes` class is similar to `Request` (`Request` was used to get the request object directly). -```Python hl_lines="8 105" -{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8 105" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8 105" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8 106" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="7 104" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="8 105" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="8 105" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} + ``` ## Use the `scopes` @@ -159,9 +365,50 @@ We create an `HTTPException` that we can re-use (`raise`) later at several point In this exception, we include the scopes required (if any) as a string separated by spaces (using `scope_str`). We put that string containing the scopes in the `WWW-Authenticate` header (this is part of the spec). -```Python hl_lines="105 107-115" -{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="105 107-115" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="105 107-115" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="106 108-116" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="104 106-114" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="105 107-115" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="105 107-115" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} + ``` ## Verify the `username` and data shape @@ -177,9 +424,50 @@ Instead of, for example, a `dict`, or something else, as it could break the appl We also verify that we have a user with that username, and if not, we raise that same exception we created before. -```Python hl_lines="46 116-127" -{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="46 116-127" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="46 116-127" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="47 117-128" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="45 115-126" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="46 116-127" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="46 116-127" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} + ``` ## Verify the `scopes` @@ -187,9 +475,50 @@ We now verify that all the scopes required, by this dependency and all the depen For this, we use `security_scopes.scopes`, that contains a `list` with all these scopes as `str`. -```Python hl_lines="128-134" -{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="128-134" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="128-134" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="129-135" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="127-133" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="128-134" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="128-134" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial005.py!} + ``` ## Dependency tree and scopes diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/settings.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/settings.md index d5151b585..f6db8d2b1 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/settings.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/settings.md @@ -125,7 +125,34 @@ That means that any value read in Python from an environment variable will be a ## Pydantic `Settings` -Fortunately, Pydantic provides a great utility to handle these settings coming from environment variables with Pydantic: Settings management. +Fortunately, Pydantic provides a great utility to handle these settings coming from environment variables with Pydantic: Settings management. + +### Install `pydantic-settings` + +First, install the `pydantic-settings` package: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install pydantic-settings +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +It also comes included when you install the `all` extras with: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +!!! info + In Pydantic v1 it came included with the main package. Now it is distributed as this independent package so that you can choose to install it or not if you don't need that functionality. ### Create the `Settings` object @@ -135,9 +162,20 @@ The same way as with Pydantic models, you declare class attributes with type ann You can use all the same validation features and tools you use for Pydantic models, like different data types and additional validations with `Field()`. -```Python hl_lines="2 5-8 11" -{!../../../docs_src/settings/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Pydantic v2" + + ```Python hl_lines="2 5-8 11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "Pydantic v1" + + !!! info + In Pydantic v1 you would import `BaseSettings` directly from `pydantic` instead of from `pydantic_settings`. + + ```Python hl_lines="2 5-8 11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/tutorial001_pv1.py!} + ``` !!! tip If you want something quick to copy and paste, don't use this example, use the last one below. @@ -216,20 +254,54 @@ Notice that now we don't create a default instance `settings = Settings()`. Now we create a dependency that returns a new `config.Settings()`. -```Python hl_lines="5 11-12" -{!../../../docs_src/settings/app02/main.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="6 12-13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app02_an_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="6 12-13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app02_an/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="5 11-12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app02/main.py!} + ``` !!! tip - We'll discuss the `@lru_cache()` in a bit. + We'll discuss the `@lru_cache` in a bit. For now you can assume `get_settings()` is a normal function. And then we can require it from the *path operation function* as a dependency and use it anywhere we need it. -```Python hl_lines="16 18-20" -{!../../../docs_src/settings/app02/main.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17 19-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app02_an_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17 19-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app02_an/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="16 18-20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app02/main.py!} + ``` ### Settings and testing @@ -254,7 +326,7 @@ This practice is common enough that it has a name, these environment variables a But a dotenv file doesn't really have to have that exact filename. -Pydantic has support for reading from these types of files using an external library. You can read more at Pydantic Settings: Dotenv (.env) support. +Pydantic has support for reading from these types of files using an external library. You can read more at Pydantic Settings: Dotenv (.env) support. !!! tip For this to work, you need to `pip install python-dotenv`. @@ -272,14 +344,28 @@ APP_NAME="ChimichangApp" And then update your `config.py` with: -```Python hl_lines="9-10" -{!../../../docs_src/settings/app03/config.py!} -``` +=== "Pydantic v2" -Here we create a class `Config` inside of your Pydantic `Settings` class, and set the `env_file` to the filename with the dotenv file we want to use. + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app03_an/config.py!} + ``` -!!! tip - The `Config` class is used just for Pydantic configuration. You can read more at Pydantic Model Config + !!! tip + The `model_config` attribute is used just for Pydantic configuration. You can read more at Pydantic Model Config. + +=== "Pydantic v1" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app03_an/config_pv1.py!} + ``` + + !!! tip + The `Config` class is used just for Pydantic configuration. You can read more at Pydantic Model Config. + +!!! info + In Pydantic version 1 the configuration was done in an internal class `Config`, in Pydantic version 2 it's done in an attribute `model_config`. This attribute takes a `dict`, and to get autocompletion and inline errors you can import and use `SettingsConfigDict` to define that `dict`. + +Here we define the config `env_file` inside of your Pydantic `Settings` class, and set the value to the filename with the dotenv file we want to use. ### Creating the `Settings` only once with `lru_cache` @@ -302,24 +388,41 @@ def get_settings(): we would create that object for each request, and we would be reading the `.env` file for each request. ⚠️ -But as we are using the `@lru_cache()` decorator on top, the `Settings` object will be created only once, the first time it's called. ✔️ +But as we are using the `@lru_cache` decorator on top, the `Settings` object will be created only once, the first time it's called. ✔️ -```Python hl_lines="1 10" -{!../../../docs_src/settings/app03/main.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app03_an_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app03_an/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="1 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app03/main.py!} + ``` Then for any subsequent calls of `get_settings()` in the dependencies for the next requests, instead of executing the internal code of `get_settings()` and creating a new `Settings` object, it will return the same object that was returned on the first call, again and again. #### `lru_cache` Technical Details -`@lru_cache()` modifies the function it decorates to return the same value that was returned the first time, instead of computing it again, executing the code of the function every time. +`@lru_cache` modifies the function it decorates to return the same value that was returned the first time, instead of computing it again, executing the code of the function every time. So, the function below it will be executed once for each combination of arguments. And then the values returned by each of those combinations of arguments will be used again and again whenever the function is called with exactly the same combination of arguments. For example, if you have a function: ```Python -@lru_cache() +@lru_cache def say_hi(name: str, salutation: str = "Ms."): return f"Hello {salutation} {name}" ``` @@ -371,7 +474,7 @@ In the case of our dependency `get_settings()`, the function doesn't even take a That way, it behaves almost as if it was just a global variable. But as it uses a dependency function, then we can override it easily for testing. -`@lru_cache()` is part of `functools` which is part of Python's standard library, you can read more about it in the Python docs for `@lru_cache()`. +`@lru_cache` is part of `functools` which is part of Python's standard library, you can read more about it in the Python docs for `@lru_cache`. ## Recap @@ -379,4 +482,4 @@ You can use Pydantic Settings to handle the settings or configurations for your * By using a dependency you can simplify testing. * You can use `.env` files with it. -* Using `@lru_cache()` lets you avoid reading the dotenv file again and again for each request, while allowing you to override it during testing. +* Using `@lru_cache` lets you avoid reading the dotenv file again and again for each request, while allowing you to override it during testing. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/templates.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/templates.md index 38618aeeb..6055b3017 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/templates.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/templates.md @@ -25,14 +25,16 @@ $ pip install jinja2 * Import `Jinja2Templates`. * Create a `templates` object that you can re-use later. * Declare a `Request` parameter in the *path operation* that will return a template. -* Use the `templates` you created to render and return a `TemplateResponse`, passing the `request` as one of the key-value pairs in the Jinja2 "context". +* Use the `templates` you created to render and return a `TemplateResponse`, pass the name of the template, the request object, and a "context" dictionary with key-value pairs to be used inside of the Jinja2 template. -```Python hl_lines="4 11 15-16" +```Python hl_lines="4 11 15-18" {!../../../docs_src/templates/tutorial001.py!} ``` !!! note - Notice that you have to pass the `request` as part of the key-value pairs in the context for Jinja2. So, you also have to declare it in your *path operation*. + Before FastAPI 0.108.0, Starlette 0.29.0, the `name` was the first parameter. + + Also, before that, in previous versions, the `request` object was passed as part of the key-value pairs in the context for Jinja2. !!! tip By declaring `response_class=HTMLResponse` the docs UI will be able to know that the response will be HTML. @@ -44,21 +46,61 @@ $ pip install jinja2 ## Writing templates -Then you can write a template at `templates/item.html` with: +Then you can write a template at `templates/item.html` with, for example: ```jinja hl_lines="7" {!../../../docs_src/templates/templates/item.html!} ``` -It will show the `id` taken from the "context" `dict` you passed: +### Template Context Values + +In the HTML that contains: + +{% raw %} + +```jinja +Item ID: {{ id }} +``` + +{% endraw %} + +...it will show the `id` taken from the "context" `dict` you passed: ```Python -{"request": request, "id": id} +{"id": id} +``` + +For example, with an ID of `42`, this would render: + +```html +Item ID: 42 +``` + +### Template `url_for` Arguments + +You can also use `url_for()` inside of the template, it takes as arguments the same arguments that would be used by your *path operation function*. + +So, the section with: + +{% raw %} + +```jinja + +``` + +{% endraw %} + +...will generate a link to the same URL that would be handled by the *path operation function* `read_item(id=id)`. + +For example, with an ID of `42`, this would render: + +```html + ``` ## Templates and static files -And you can also use `url_for()` inside of the template, and use it, for example, with the `StaticFiles` you mounted. +You can also use `url_for()` inside of the template, and use it, for example, with the `StaticFiles` you mounted with the `name="static"`. ```jinja hl_lines="4" {!../../../docs_src/templates/templates/item.html!} diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/testing-database.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/testing-database.md index 16484b09a..1c0669b9c 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/testing-database.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/testing-database.md @@ -1,5 +1,12 @@ # Testing a Database +!!! info + These docs are about to be updated. 🎉 + + The current version assumes Pydantic v1, and SQLAlchemy versions less than 2.0. + + The new docs will include Pydantic v2 and will use SQLModel (which is also based on SQLAlchemy) once it is updated to use Pydantic v2 as well. + You can use the same dependency overrides from [Testing Dependencies with Overrides](testing-dependencies.md){.internal-link target=_blank} to alter a database for testing. You could want to set up a different database for testing, rollback the data after the tests, pre-fill it with some testing data, etc. @@ -44,7 +51,7 @@ So the new file structure looks like: First, we create a new database session with the new database. -For the tests we'll use a file `test.db` instead of `sql_app.db`. +We'll use an in-memory database that persists during the tests instead of the local file `sql_app.db`. But the rest of the session code is more or less the same, we just copy it. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/testing-dependencies.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/testing-dependencies.md index 79208e8dc..57dd87f56 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/testing-dependencies.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/testing-dependencies.md @@ -28,9 +28,41 @@ To override a dependency for testing, you put as a key the original dependency ( And then **FastAPI** will call that override instead of the original dependency. -```Python hl_lines="26-27 30" -{!../../../docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="26-27 30" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="28-29 32" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="29-30 33" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="24-25 28" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="28-29 32" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001.py!} + ``` !!! tip You can set a dependency override for a dependency used anywhere in your **FastAPI** application. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/websockets.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/websockets.md index 878ad37dd..b8dfab1d1 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/websockets.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/websockets.md @@ -2,6 +2,20 @@ You can use WebSockets with **FastAPI**. +## Install `WebSockets` + +First you need to install `WebSockets`: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install websockets + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ ## WebSockets client ### In production @@ -98,17 +112,47 @@ In WebSocket endpoints you can import from `fastapi` and use: They work the same way as for other FastAPI endpoints/*path operations*: -```Python hl_lines="58-65 68-83" -{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="68-69 82" + {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="68-69 82" + {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="69-70 83" + {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="66-67 79" + {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="68-69 81" + {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002.py!} + ``` !!! info - In a WebSocket it doesn't really make sense to raise an `HTTPException`. So it's better to close the WebSocket connection directly. + As this is a WebSocket it doesn't really make sense to raise an `HTTPException`, instead we raise a `WebSocketException`. You can use a closing code from the valid codes defined in the specification. - In the future, there will be a `WebSocketException` that you will be able to `raise` from anywhere, and add exception handlers for it. It depends on the PR #527 in Starlette. - ### Try the WebSockets with dependencies If your file is named `main.py`, run your application with: @@ -141,9 +185,17 @@ With that you can connect the WebSocket and then send and receive messages: When a WebSocket connection is closed, the `await websocket.receive_text()` will raise a `WebSocketDisconnect` exception, which you can then catch and handle like in this example. -```Python hl_lines="81-83" -{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="79-81" + {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="81-83" + {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003.py!} + ``` To try it out: @@ -160,7 +212,7 @@ Client #1596980209979 left the chat !!! tip The app above is a minimal and simple example to demonstrate how to handle and broadcast messages to several WebSocket connections. - But have in mind that, as everything is handled in memory, in a single list, it will only work while the process is running, and will only work with a single process. + But keep in mind that, as everything is handled in memory, in a single list, it will only work while the process is running, and will only work with a single process. If you need something easy to integrate with FastAPI but that is more robust, supported by Redis, PostgreSQL or others, check encode/broadcaster. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/wsgi.md b/docs/en/docs/advanced/wsgi.md index df8865961..cfe3c78c1 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/wsgi.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/advanced/wsgi.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Then wrap the WSGI (e.g. Flask) app with the middleware. And then mount that under a path. -```Python hl_lines="2-3 22" +```Python hl_lines="2-3 23" {!../../../docs_src/wsgi/tutorial001.py!} ``` diff --git a/docs/en/docs/alternatives.md b/docs/en/docs/alternatives.md index 28d0be8cc..70bbcac91 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/alternatives.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/alternatives.md @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ That's why when talking about version 2.0 it's common to say "Swagger", and for There are several Flask REST frameworks, but after investing the time and work into investigating them, I found that many are discontinued or abandoned, with several standing issues that made them unfit. -### Marshmallow +### Marshmallow One of the main features needed by API systems is data "serialization" which is taking data from the code (Python) and converting it into something that can be sent through the network. For example, converting an object containing data from a database into a JSON object. Converting `datetime` objects into strings, etc. @@ -185,13 +185,13 @@ It's a Flask plug-in, that ties together Webargs, Marshmallow and APISpec. It uses the information from Webargs and Marshmallow to automatically generate OpenAPI schemas, using APISpec. -It's a great tool, very under-rated. It should be way more popular than many Flask plug-ins out there. It might be due to its documentation being too concise and abstract. +It's a great tool, very underrated. It should be way more popular than many Flask plug-ins out there. It might be due to its documentation being too concise and abstract. This solved having to write YAML (another syntax) inside of Python docstrings. This combination of Flask, Flask-apispec with Marshmallow and Webargs was my favorite backend stack until building **FastAPI**. -Using it led to the creation of several Flask full-stack generators. These are the main stack I (and several external teams) have been using up to now: +Using it led to the creation of several Flask full-stack generators. These are the main stacks I (and several external teams) have been using up to now: * https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack * https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchbase @@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ This isn't even Python, NestJS is a JavaScript (TypeScript) NodeJS framework ins It achieves something somewhat similar to what can be done with Flask-apispec. -It has an integrated dependency injection system, inspired by Angular two. It requires pre-registering the "injectables" (like all the other dependency injection systems I know), so, it adds to the verbosity and code repetition. +It has an integrated dependency injection system, inspired by Angular 2. It requires pre-registering the "injectables" (like all the other dependency injection systems I know), so, it adds to the verbosity and code repetition. As the parameters are described with TypeScript types (similar to Python type hints), editor support is quite good. @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ It was one of the first extremely fast Python frameworks based on `asyncio`. It !!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to" Find a way to have a crazy performance. - + That's why **FastAPI** is based on Starlette, as it is the fastest framework available (tested by third-party benchmarks). ### Falcon @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ I discovered Molten in the first stages of building **FastAPI**. And it has quit It doesn't use a data validation, serialization and documentation third-party library like Pydantic, it has its own. So, these data type definitions would not be reusable as easily. -It requires a little bit more verbose configurations. And as it is based on WSGI (instead of ASGI), it is not designed to take advantage of the high-performance provided by tools like Uvicorn, Starlette and Sanic. +It requires a little bit more verbose configurations. And as it is based on WSGI (instead of ASGI), it is not designed to take advantage of the high performance provided by tools like Uvicorn, Starlette and Sanic. The dependency injection system requires pre-registration of the dependencies and the dependencies are solved based on the declared types. So, it's not possible to declare more than one "component" that provides a certain type. @@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ Now APIStar is a set of tools to validate OpenAPI specifications, not a web fram Exist. The idea of declaring multiple things (data validation, serialization and documentation) with the same Python types, that at the same time provided great editor support, was something I considered a brilliant idea. - + And after searching for a long time for a similar framework and testing many different alternatives, APIStar was the best option available. Then APIStar stopped to exist as a server and Starlette was created, and was a new better foundation for such a system. That was the final inspiration to build **FastAPI**. @@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ It is comparable to Marshmallow. Although it's faster than Marshmallow in benchm ### Starlette -Starlette is a lightweight ASGI framework/toolkit, which is ideal for building high-performance asyncio services. +Starlette is a lightweight ASGI framework/toolkit, which is ideal for building high-performance asyncio services. It is very simple and intuitive. It's designed to be easily extensible, and have modular components. @@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ It has: * WebSocket support. * In-process background tasks. * Startup and shutdown events. -* Test client built on requests. +* Test client built on HTTPX. * CORS, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses. * Session and Cookie support. * 100% test coverage. @@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ That's one of the main things that **FastAPI** adds on top, all based on Python Handle all the core web parts. Adding features on top. The class `FastAPI` itself inherits directly from the class `Starlette`. - + So, anything that you can do with Starlette, you can do it directly with **FastAPI**, as it is basically Starlette on steroids. ### Uvicorn diff --git a/docs/en/docs/async.md b/docs/en/docs/async.md index 8194650fd..2ead1f2db 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/async.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/async.md @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ async def read_results(): --- -If you are using a third party library that communicates with something (a database, an API, the file system, etc) and doesn't have support for using `await`, (this is currently the case for most database libraries), then declare your *path operation functions* as normally, with just `def`, like: +If you are using a third party library that communicates with something (a database, an API, the file system, etc.) and doesn't have support for using `await`, (this is currently the case for most database libraries), then declare your *path operation functions* as normally, with just `def`, like: ```Python hl_lines="2" @app.get('/') @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ If you just don't know, use normal `def`. --- -**Note**: you can mix `def` and `async def` in your *path operation functions* as much as you need and define each one using the best option for you. FastAPI will do the right thing with them. +**Note**: You can mix `def` and `async def` in your *path operation functions* as much as you need and define each one using the best option for you. FastAPI will do the right thing with them. Anyway, in any of the cases above, FastAPI will still work asynchronously and be extremely fast. @@ -102,87 +102,117 @@ To see the difference, imagine the following story about burgers: ### Concurrent Burgers - +You go with your crush to get fast food, you stand in line while the cashier takes the orders from the people in front of you. 😍 -You go with your crush 😍 to get fast food 🍔, you stand in line while the cashier 💁 takes the orders from the people in front of you. + -Then it's your turn, you place your order of 2 very fancy burgers 🍔 for your crush 😍 and you. +Then it's your turn, you place your order of 2 very fancy burgers for your crush and you. 🍔🍔 -You pay 💸. + -The cashier 💁 says something to the cook in the kitchen 👨‍🍳 so they know they have to prepare your burgers 🍔 (even though they are currently preparing the ones for the previous clients). +The cashier says something to the cook in the kitchen so they know they have to prepare your burgers (even though they are currently preparing the ones for the previous clients). -The cashier 💁 gives you the number of your turn. + -While you are waiting, you go with your crush 😍 and pick a table, you sit and talk with your crush 😍 for a long time (as your burgers are very fancy and take some time to prepare ✨🍔✨). +You pay. 💸 -As you are sitting on the table with your crush 😍, while you wait for the burgers 🍔, you can spend that time admiring how awesome, cute and smart your crush is ✨😍✨. +The cashier gives you the number of your turn. -While waiting and talking to your crush 😍, from time to time, you check the number displayed on the counter to see if it's your turn already. + -Then at some point, it finally is your turn. You go to the counter, get your burgers 🍔 and come back to the table. +While you are waiting, you go with your crush and pick a table, you sit and talk with your crush for a long time (as your burgers are very fancy and take some time to prepare). -You and your crush 😍 eat the burgers 🍔 and have a nice time ✨. +As you are sitting at the table with your crush, while you wait for the burgers, you can spend that time admiring how awesome, cute and smart your crush is ✨😍✨. + + + +While waiting and talking to your crush, from time to time, you check the number displayed on the counter to see if it's your turn already. + +Then at some point, it finally is your turn. You go to the counter, get your burgers and come back to the table. + + + +You and your crush eat the burgers and have a nice time. ✨ + + + +!!! info + Beautiful illustrations by Ketrina Thompson. 🎨 --- Imagine you are the computer / program 🤖 in that story. -While you are at the line, you are just idle 😴, waiting for your turn, not doing anything very "productive". But the line is fast because the cashier 💁 is only taking the orders (not preparing them), so that's fine. +While you are at the line, you are just idle 😴, waiting for your turn, not doing anything very "productive". But the line is fast because the cashier is only taking the orders (not preparing them), so that's fine. -Then, when it's your turn, you do actual "productive" work 🤓, you process the menu, decide what you want, get your crush's 😍 choice, pay 💸, check that you give the correct bill or card, check that you are charged correctly, check that the order has the correct items, etc. +Then, when it's your turn, you do actual "productive" work, you process the menu, decide what you want, get your crush's choice, pay, check that you give the correct bill or card, check that you are charged correctly, check that the order has the correct items, etc. -But then, even though you still don't have your burgers 🍔, your work with the cashier 💁 is "on pause" ⏸, because you have to wait 🕙 for your burgers to be ready. +But then, even though you still don't have your burgers, your work with the cashier is "on pause" ⏸, because you have to wait 🕙 for your burgers to be ready. -But as you go away from the counter and sit on the table with a number for your turn, you can switch 🔀 your attention to your crush 😍, and "work" ⏯ 🤓 on that. Then you are again doing something very "productive" 🤓, as is flirting with your crush 😍. +But as you go away from the counter and sit at the table with a number for your turn, you can switch 🔀 your attention to your crush, and "work" ⏯ 🤓 on that. Then you are again doing something very "productive" as is flirting with your crush 😍. -Then the cashier 💁 says "I'm finished with doing the burgers" 🍔 by putting your number on the counter's display, but you don't jump like crazy immediately when the displayed number changes to your turn number. You know no one will steal your burgers 🍔 because you have the number of your turn, and they have theirs. +Then the cashier 💁 says "I'm finished with doing the burgers" by putting your number on the counter's display, but you don't jump like crazy immediately when the displayed number changes to your turn number. You know no one will steal your burgers because you have the number of your turn, and they have theirs. -So you wait for your crush 😍 to finish the story (finish the current work ⏯ / task being processed 🤓), smile gently and say that you are going for the burgers ⏸. +So you wait for your crush to finish the story (finish the current work ⏯ / task being processed 🤓), smile gently and say that you are going for the burgers ⏸. -Then you go to the counter 🔀, to the initial task that is now finished ⏯, pick the burgers 🍔, say thanks and take them to the table. That finishes that step / task of interaction with the counter ⏹. That in turn, creates a new task, of "eating burgers" 🔀 ⏯, but the previous one of "getting burgers" is finished ⏹. +Then you go to the counter 🔀, to the initial task that is now finished ⏯, pick the burgers, say thanks and take them to the table. That finishes that step / task of interaction with the counter ⏹. That in turn, creates a new task, of "eating burgers" 🔀 ⏯, but the previous one of "getting burgers" is finished ⏹. ### Parallel Burgers Now let's imagine these aren't "Concurrent Burgers", but "Parallel Burgers". -You go with your crush 😍 to get parallel fast food 🍔. +You go with your crush to get parallel fast food. -You stand in line while several (let's say 8) cashiers that at the same time are cooks 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳 take the orders from the people in front of you. +You stand in line while several (let's say 8) cashiers that at the same time are cooks take the orders from the people in front of you. -Everyone before you is waiting 🕙 for their burgers 🍔 to be ready before leaving the counter because each of the 8 cashiers goes and prepares the burger right away before getting the next order. +Everyone before you is waiting for their burgers to be ready before leaving the counter because each of the 8 cashiers goes and prepares the burger right away before getting the next order. -Then it's finally your turn, you place your order of 2 very fancy burgers 🍔 for your crush 😍 and you. + + +Then it's finally your turn, you place your order of 2 very fancy burgers for your crush and you. You pay 💸. -The cashier goes to the kitchen 👨‍🍳. + -You wait, standing in front of the counter 🕙, so that no one else takes your burgers 🍔 before you do, as there are no numbers for turns. +The cashier goes to the kitchen. -As you and your crush 😍 are busy not letting anyone get in front of you and take your burgers whenever they arrive 🕙, you cannot pay attention to your crush 😞. +You wait, standing in front of the counter 🕙, so that no one else takes your burgers before you do, as there are no numbers for turns. -This is "synchronous" work, you are "synchronized" with the cashier/cook 👨‍🍳. You have to wait 🕙 and be there at the exact moment that the cashier/cook 👨‍🍳 finishes the burgers 🍔 and gives them to you, or otherwise, someone else might take them. + -Then your cashier/cook 👨‍🍳 finally comes back with your burgers 🍔, after a long time waiting 🕙 there in front of the counter. +As you and your crush are busy not letting anyone get in front of you and take your burgers whenever they arrive, you cannot pay attention to your crush. 😞 -You take your burgers 🍔 and go to the table with your crush 😍. +This is "synchronous" work, you are "synchronized" with the cashier/cook 👨‍🍳. You have to wait 🕙 and be there at the exact moment that the cashier/cook 👨‍🍳 finishes the burgers and gives them to you, or otherwise, someone else might take them. -You just eat them, and you are done 🍔 ⏹. + -There was not much talk or flirting as most of the time was spent waiting 🕙 in front of the counter 😞. +Then your cashier/cook 👨‍🍳 finally comes back with your burgers, after a long time waiting 🕙 there in front of the counter. + + + +You take your burgers and go to the table with your crush. + +You just eat them, and you are done. ⏹ + + + +There was not much talk or flirting as most of the time was spent waiting 🕙 in front of the counter. 😞 + +!!! info + Beautiful illustrations by Ketrina Thompson. 🎨 --- -In this scenario of the parallel burgers, you are a computer / program 🤖 with two processors (you and your crush 😍), both waiting 🕙 and dedicating their attention ⏯ to be "waiting on the counter" 🕙 for a long time. +In this scenario of the parallel burgers, you are a computer / program 🤖 with two processors (you and your crush), both waiting 🕙 and dedicating their attention ⏯ to be "waiting on the counter" 🕙 for a long time. -The fast food store has 8 processors (cashiers/cooks) 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳. While the concurrent burgers store might have had only 2 (one cashier and one cook) 💁 👨‍🍳. +The fast food store has 8 processors (cashiers/cooks). While the concurrent burgers store might have had only 2 (one cashier and one cook). -But still, the final experience is not the best 😞. +But still, the final experience is not the best. 😞 --- -This would be the parallel equivalent story for burgers 🍔. +This would be the parallel equivalent story for burgers. 🍔 For a more "real life" example of this, imagine a bank. @@ -208,11 +238,7 @@ This "waiting" 🕙 is measured in microseconds, but still, summing it all, it's That's why it makes a lot of sense to use asynchronous ⏸🔀⏯ code for web APIs. -Most of the existing popular Python frameworks (including Flask and Django) were created before the new asynchronous features in Python existed. So, the ways they can be deployed support parallel execution and an older form of asynchronous execution that is not as powerful as the new capabilities. - -Even though the main specification for asynchronous web Python (ASGI) was developed at Django, to add support for WebSockets. - -That kind of asynchronicity is what made NodeJS popular (even though NodeJS is not parallel) and that's the strength of Go as a programming language. +This kind of asynchronicity is what made NodeJS popular (even though NodeJS is not parallel) and that's the strength of Go as a programming language. And that's the same level of performance you get with **FastAPI**. @@ -238,7 +264,7 @@ You could have turns as in the burgers example, first the living room, then the It would take the same amount of time to finish with or without turns (concurrency) and you would have done the same amount of work. -But in this case, if you could bring the 8 ex-cashier/cooks/now-cleaners 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳, and each one of them (plus you) could take a zone of the house to clean it, you could do all the work in **parallel**, with the extra help, and finish much sooner. +But in this case, if you could bring the 8 ex-cashier/cooks/now-cleaners, and each one of them (plus you) could take a zone of the house to clean it, you could do all the work in **parallel**, with the extra help, and finish much sooner. In this scenario, each one of the cleaners (including you) would be a processor, doing their part of the job. @@ -257,7 +283,7 @@ For example: ### Concurrency + Parallelism: Web + Machine Learning -With **FastAPI** you can take the advantage of concurrency that is very common for web development (the same main attractive of NodeJS). +With **FastAPI** you can take the advantage of concurrency that is very common for web development (the same main attraction of NodeJS). But you can also exploit the benefits of parallelism and multiprocessing (having multiple processes running in parallel) for **CPU bound** workloads like those in Machine Learning systems. @@ -371,23 +397,23 @@ All that is what powers FastAPI (through Starlette) and what makes it have such These are very technical details of how **FastAPI** works underneath. - If you have quite some technical knowledge (co-routines, threads, blocking, etc) and are curious about how FastAPI handles `async def` vs normal `def`, go ahead. + If you have quite some technical knowledge (co-routines, threads, blocking, etc.) and are curious about how FastAPI handles `async def` vs normal `def`, go ahead. ### Path operation functions When you declare a *path operation function* with normal `def` instead of `async def`, it is run in an external threadpool that is then awaited, instead of being called directly (as it would block the server). -If you are coming from another async framework that does not work in the way described above and you are used to define trivial compute-only *path operation functions* with plain `def` for a tiny performance gain (about 100 nanoseconds), please note that in **FastAPI** the effect would be quite opposite. In these cases, it's better to use `async def` unless your *path operation functions* use code that performs blocking I/O. +If you are coming from another async framework that does not work in the way described above and you are used to defining trivial compute-only *path operation functions* with plain `def` for a tiny performance gain (about 100 nanoseconds), please note that in **FastAPI** the effect would be quite opposite. In these cases, it's better to use `async def` unless your *path operation functions* use code that performs blocking I/O. Still, in both situations, chances are that **FastAPI** will [still be faster](/#performance){.internal-link target=_blank} than (or at least comparable to) your previous framework. ### Dependencies -The same applies for dependencies. If a dependency is a standard `def` function instead of `async def`, it is run in the external threadpool. +The same applies for [dependencies](./tutorial/dependencies/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. If a dependency is a standard `def` function instead of `async def`, it is run in the external threadpool. ### Sub-dependencies -You can have multiple dependencies and sub-dependencies requiring each other (as parameters of the function definitions), some of them might be created with `async def` and some with normal `def`. It would still work, and the ones created with normal `def` would be called on an external thread (from the threadpool) instead of being "awaited". +You can have multiple dependencies and [sub-dependencies](./tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md){.internal-link target=_blank} requiring each other (as parameters of the function definitions), some of them might be created with `async def` and some with normal `def`. It would still work, and the ones created with normal `def` would be called on an external thread (from the threadpool) instead of being "awaited". ### Other utility functions diff --git a/docs/en/docs/benchmarks.md b/docs/en/docs/benchmarks.md index e05fec840..d746b6d7c 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/benchmarks.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/benchmarks.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as one of the fastest Python frameworks available, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*) -But when checking benchmarks and comparisons you should have the following in mind. +But when checking benchmarks and comparisons you should keep the following in mind. ## Benchmarks and speed diff --git a/docs/en/docs/contributing.md b/docs/en/docs/contributing.md index 648c472fe..2d308a9db 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/contributing.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/contributing.md @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ First, you might want to see the basic ways to [help FastAPI and get help](help- ## Developing -If you already cloned the repository and you know that you need to deep dive in the code, here are some guidelines to set up your environment. +If you already cloned the fastapi repository and you want to deep dive in the code, here are some guidelines to set up your environment. ### Virtual environment with `venv` -You can create a virtual environment in a directory using Python's `venv` module: +You can create an isolated virtual local environment in a directory using Python's `venv` module. Let's do this in the cloned repository (where the `requirements.txt` is):
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ $ python -m venv env
-That will create a directory `./env/` with the Python binaries and then you will be able to install packages for that isolated environment. +That will create a directory `./env/` with the Python binaries, and then you will be able to install packages for that local environment. ### Activate the environment @@ -84,70 +84,53 @@ To check it worked, use: If it shows the `pip` binary at `env/bin/pip` then it worked. 🎉 - - -!!! tip - Every time you install a new package with `pip` under that environment, activate the environment again. - - This makes sure that if you use a terminal program installed by that package (like `flit`), you use the one from your local environment and not any other that could be installed globally. - -### Flit - -**FastAPI** uses Flit to build, package and publish the project. - -After activating the environment as described above, install `flit`: +Make sure you have the latest pip version on your local environment to avoid errors on the next steps:
```console -$ pip install flit +$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip ---> 100% ```
-Now re-activate the environment to make sure you are using the `flit` you just installed (and not a global one). +!!! tip + Every time you install a new package with `pip` under that environment, activate the environment again. -And now use `flit` to install the development dependencies: + This makes sure that if you use a terminal program installed by that package, you use the one from your local environment and not any other that could be installed globally. -=== "Linux, macOS" +### Install requirements using pip -
+After activating the environment as described above: - ```console - $ flit install --deps develop --symlink +
- ---> 100% - ``` +```console +$ pip install -r requirements.txt -
+---> 100% +``` -=== "Windows" - - If you are on Windows, use `--pth-file` instead of `--symlink`: - -
- - ```console - $ flit install --deps develop --pth-file - - ---> 100% - ``` - -
+
It will install all the dependencies and your local FastAPI in your local environment. -#### Using your local FastAPI +### Using your local FastAPI -If you create a Python file that imports and uses FastAPI, and run it with the Python from your local environment, it will use your local FastAPI source code. +If you create a Python file that imports and uses FastAPI, and run it with the Python from your local environment, it will use your cloned local FastAPI source code. -And if you update that local FastAPI source code, as it is installed with `--symlink` (or `--pth-file` on Windows), when you run that Python file again, it will use the fresh version of FastAPI you just edited. +And if you update that local FastAPI source code when you run that Python file again, it will use the fresh version of FastAPI you just edited. That way, you don't have to "install" your local version to be able to test every change. -### Format +!!! note "Technical Details" + This only happens when you install using this included `requirements.txt` instead of running `pip install fastapi` directly. + + That is because inside the `requirements.txt` file, the local version of FastAPI is marked to be installed in "editable" mode, with the `-e` option. + +### Format the code There is a script that you can run that will format and clean all your code: @@ -161,12 +144,68 @@ $ bash scripts/format.sh It will also auto-sort all your imports. -For it to sort them correctly, you need to have FastAPI installed locally in your environment, with the command in the section above using `--symlink` (or `--pth-file` on Windows). +For it to sort them correctly, you need to have FastAPI installed locally in your environment, with the command in the section above using `-e`. ## Docs First, make sure you set up your environment as described above, that will install all the requirements. +### Docs live + +During local development, there is a script that builds the site and checks for any changes, live-reloading: + +
+ +```console +$ python ./scripts/docs.py live + +[INFO] Serving on http://127.0.0.1:8008 +[INFO] Start watching changes +[INFO] Start detecting changes +``` + +
+ +It will serve the documentation on `http://127.0.0.1:8008`. + +That way, you can edit the documentation/source files and see the changes live. + +!!! tip + Alternatively, you can perform the same steps that scripts does manually. + + Go into the language directory, for the main docs in English it's at `docs/en/`: + + ```console + $ cd docs/en/ + ``` + + Then run `mkdocs` in that directory: + + ```console + $ mkdocs serve --dev-addr 8008 + ``` + +#### Typer CLI (optional) + +The instructions here show you how to use the script at `./scripts/docs.py` with the `python` program directly. + +But you can also use Typer CLI, and you will get autocompletion in your terminal for the commands after installing completion. + +If you install Typer CLI, you can install completion with: + +
+ +```console +$ typer --install-completion + +zsh completion installed in /home/user/.bashrc. +Completion will take effect once you restart the terminal. +``` + +
+ +### Docs Structure + The documentation uses MkDocs. And there are extra tools/scripts in place to handle translations in `./scripts/docs.py`. @@ -188,50 +227,13 @@ And those Python files are included/injected in the documentation when generatin Most of the tests actually run against the example source files in the documentation. -This helps making sure that: +This helps to make sure that: -* The documentation is up to date. +* The documentation is up-to-date. * The documentation examples can be run as is. * Most of the features are covered by the documentation, ensured by test coverage. -During local development, there is a script that builds the site and checks for any changes, live-reloading: - -
- -```console -$ python ./scripts/docs.py live - -[INFO] Serving on http://127.0.0.1:8008 -[INFO] Start watching changes -[INFO] Start detecting changes -``` - -
- -It will serve the documentation on `http://127.0.0.1:8008`. - -That way, you can edit the documentation/source files and see the changes live. - -#### Typer CLI (optional) - -The instructions here show you how to use the script at `./scripts/docs.py` with the `python` program directly. - -But you can also use Typer CLI, and you will get autocompletion in your terminal for the commands after installing completion. - -If you install Typer CLI, you can install completion with: - -
- -```console -$ typer --install-completion - -zsh completion installed in /home/user/.bashrc. -Completion will take effect once you restart the terminal. -``` - -
- -### Apps and docs at the same time +#### Apps and docs at the same time If you run the examples with, e.g.: @@ -255,26 +257,20 @@ Here are the steps to help with translations. #### Tips and guidelines -* Check the currently existing pull requests for your language and add reviews requesting changes or approving them. +* Check the currently existing pull requests for your language. You can filter the pull requests by the ones with the label for your language. For example, for Spanish, the label is `lang-es`. + +* Review those pull requests, requesting changes or approving them. For the languages I don't speak, I'll wait for several others to review the translation before merging. !!! tip You can add comments with change suggestions to existing pull requests. Check the docs about adding a pull request review to approve it or request changes. -* Check in the issues to see if there's one coordinating translations for your language. +* Check if there's a GitHub Discussion to coordinate translations for your language. You can subscribe to it, and when there's a new pull request to review, an automatic comment will be added to the discussion. -* Add a single pull request per page translated. That will make it much easier for others to review it. +* If you translate pages, add a single pull request per page translated. That will make it much easier for others to review it. -For the languages I don't speak, I'll wait for several others to review the translation before merging. - -* You can also check if there are translations for your language and add a review to them, that will help me know that the translation is correct and I can merge it. - -* Use the same Python examples and only translate the text in the docs. You don't have to change anything for this to work. - -* Use the same images, file names, and links. You don't have to change anything for it to work. - -* To check the 2-letter code for the language you want to translate you can use the table List of ISO 639-1 codes. +* To check the 2-letter code for the language you want to translate, you can use the table List of ISO 639-1 codes. #### Existing language @@ -300,11 +296,24 @@ $ python ./scripts/docs.py live es
+!!! tip + Alternatively, you can perform the same steps that scripts does manually. + + Go into the language directory, for the Spanish translations it's at `docs/es/`: + + ```console + $ cd docs/es/ + ``` + + Then run `mkdocs` in that directory: + + ```console + $ mkdocs serve --dev-addr 8008 + ``` + Now you can go to http://127.0.0.1:8008 and see your changes live. -If you look at the FastAPI docs website, you will see that every language has all the pages. But some pages are not translated and have a notification about the missing translation. - -But when you run it locally like this, you will only see the pages that are already translated. +You will see that every language has all the pages. But some pages are not translated and have an info box at the top, about the missing translation. Now let's say that you want to add a translation for the section [Features](features.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. @@ -323,47 +332,7 @@ docs/es/docs/features.md !!! tip Notice that the only change in the path and file name is the language code, from `en` to `es`. -* Now open the MkDocs config file for English at: - -``` -docs/en/mkdocs.yml -``` - -* Find the place where that `docs/features.md` is located in the config file. Somewhere like: - -```YAML hl_lines="8" -site_name: FastAPI -# More stuff -nav: -- FastAPI: index.md -- Languages: - - en: / - - es: /es/ -- features.md -``` - -* Open the MkDocs config file for the language you are editing, e.g.: - -``` -docs/es/mkdocs.yml -``` - -* Add it there at the exact same location it was for English, e.g.: - -```YAML hl_lines="8" -site_name: FastAPI -# More stuff -nav: -- FastAPI: index.md -- Languages: - - en: / - - es: /es/ -- features.md -``` - -Make sure that if there are other entries, the new entry with your translation is exactly in the same order as in the English version. - -If you go to your browser you will see that now the docs show your new section. 🎉 +If you go to your browser you will see that now the docs show your new section (the info box at the top is gone). 🎉 Now you can translate it all and see how it looks as you save the file. @@ -384,55 +353,32 @@ The next step is to run the script to generate a new translation directory: $ python ./scripts/docs.py new-lang ht Successfully initialized: docs/ht -Updating ht -Updating en ``` Now you can check in your code editor the newly created directory `docs/ht/`. +That command created a file `docs/ht/mkdocs.yml` with a simple config that inherits everything from the `en` version: + +```yaml +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml +``` + !!! tip - Create a first pull request with just this, to set up the configuration for the new language, before adding translations. + You could also simply create that file with those contents manually. - That way others can help with other pages while you work on the first one. 🚀 +That command also created a dummy file `docs/ht/index.md` for the main page, you can start by translating that one. -Start by translating the main page, `docs/ht/index.md`. +You can continue with the previous instructions for an "Existing Language" for that process. -Then you can continue with the previous instructions, for an "Existing Language". - -##### New Language not supported - -If when running the live server script you get an error about the language not being supported, something like: - -``` - raise TemplateNotFound(template) -jinja2.exceptions.TemplateNotFound: partials/language/xx.html -``` - -That means that the theme doesn't support that language (in this case, with a fake 2-letter code of `xx`). - -But don't worry, you can set the theme language to English and then translate the content of the docs. - -If you need to do that, edit the `mkdocs.yml` for your new language, it will have something like: - -```YAML hl_lines="5" -site_name: FastAPI -# More stuff -theme: - # More stuff - language: xx -``` - -Change that language from `xx` (from your language code) to `en`. - -Then you can start the live server again. +You can make the first pull request with those two files, `docs/ht/mkdocs.yml` and `docs/ht/index.md`. 🎉 #### Preview the result -When you use the script at `./scripts/docs.py` with the `live` command it only shows the files and translations available for the current language. +As already mentioned above, you can use the `./scripts/docs.py` with the `live` command to preview the results (or `mkdocs serve`). -But once you are done, you can test it all as it would look online. +Once you are done, you can also test it all as it would look online, including all the other languages. To do that, first build all the docs: @@ -442,19 +388,14 @@ To do that, first build all the docs: // Use the command "build-all", this will take a bit $ python ./scripts/docs.py build-all -Updating es -Updating en Building docs for: en Building docs for: es Successfully built docs for: es -Copying en index.md to README.md ``` -That generates all the docs at `./docs_build/` for each language. This includes adding any files with missing translations, with a note saying that "this file doesn't have a translation yet". But you don't have to do anything with that directory. - -Then it builds all those independent MkDocs sites for each language, combines them, and generates the final output at `./site/`. +This builds all those independent MkDocs sites for each language, combines them, and generates the final output at `./site/`. Then you can serve that with the command `serve`: @@ -472,6 +413,25 @@ Serving at: http://127.0.0.1:8008 +#### Translation specific tips and guidelines + +* Translate only the Markdown documents (`.md`). Do not translate the code examples at `./docs_src`. + +* In code blocks within the Markdown document, translate comments (`# a comment`), but leave the rest unchanged. + +* Do not change anything enclosed in "``" (inline code). + +* In lines starting with `===` or `!!!`, translate only the ` "... Text ..."` part. Leave the rest unchanged. + +* You can translate info boxes like `!!! warning` with for example `!!! warning "Achtung"`. But do not change the word immediately after the `!!!`, it determines the color of the info box. + +* Do not change the paths in links to images, code files, Markdown documents. + +* However, when a Markdown document is translated, the `#hash-parts` in links to its headings may change. Update these links if possible. + * Search for such links in the translated document using the regex `#[^# ]`. + * Search in all documents already translated into your language for `your-translated-document.md`. For example VS Code has an option "Edit" -> "Find in Files". + * When translating a document, do not "pre-translate" `#hash-parts` that link to headings in untranslated documents. + ## Tests There is a script that you can run locally to test all the code and generate coverage reports in HTML: diff --git a/docs/en/docs/css/custom.css b/docs/en/docs/css/custom.css index 7d3503e49..386aa9d7e 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/css/custom.css +++ b/docs/en/docs/css/custom.css @@ -4,10 +4,21 @@ display: block; } +.termy { + /* For right to left languages */ + direction: ltr; +} + .termy [data-termynal] { white-space: pre-wrap; } +a.external-link { + /* For right to left languages */ + direction: ltr; + display: inline-block; +} + a.external-link::after { /* \00A0 is a non-breaking space to make the mark be on the same line as the link @@ -94,7 +105,7 @@ a.announce-link:hover { .announce-wrapper .sponsor-badge { display: block; position: absolute; - top: -5px; + top: -10px; right: 0; font-size: 0.5rem; color: #999; @@ -118,3 +129,50 @@ a.announce-link:hover { .twitter { color: #00acee; } + +/* Right to left languages */ +code { + direction: ltr; + display: inline-block; +} + +.illustration { + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; +} + +/* Screenshots */ +/* +Simulate a browser window frame. +Inspired by Termynal's CSS tricks with modifications +*/ + +.screenshot { + display: block; + background-color: #d3e0de; + border-radius: 4px; + padding: 45px 5px 5px; + position: relative; + -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + +.screenshot img { + display: block; + border-radius: 2px; +} + +.screenshot:before { + content: ''; + position: absolute; + top: 15px; + left: 15px; + display: inline-block; + width: 15px; + height: 15px; + border-radius: 50%; + /* A little hack to display the window buttons in one pseudo element. */ + background: #d9515d; + -webkit-box-shadow: 25px 0 0 #f4c025, 50px 0 0 #3ec930; + box-shadow: 25px 0 0 #f4c025, 50px 0 0 #3ec930; +} diff --git a/docs/en/docs/deployment/cloud.md b/docs/en/docs/deployment/cloud.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d34fbe2f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/deployment/cloud.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Deploy FastAPI on Cloud Providers + +You can use virtually **any cloud provider** to deploy your FastAPI application. + +In most of the cases, the main cloud providers have guides to deploy FastAPI with them. + +## Cloud Providers - Sponsors + +Some cloud providers ✨ [**sponsor FastAPI**](../help-fastapi.md#sponsor-the-author){.internal-link target=_blank} ✨, this ensures the continued and healthy **development** of FastAPI and its **ecosystem**. + +And it shows their true commitment to FastAPI and its **community** (you), as they not only want to provide you a **good service** but also want to make sure you have a **good and healthy framework**, FastAPI. 🙇 + +You might want to try their services and follow their guides: + +* Platform.sh +* Porter +* Coherence diff --git a/docs/en/docs/deployment/concepts.md b/docs/en/docs/deployment/concepts.md index 22604ceeb..cc01fb24e 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/deployment/concepts.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/deployment/concepts.md @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ Here are some possible combinations and strategies: * One Uvicorn **process manager** would listen on the **IP** and **port**, and it would start **multiple Uvicorn worker processes** * **Kubernetes** and other distributed **container systems** * Something in the **Kubernetes** layer would listen on the **IP** and **port**. The replication would be by having **multiple containers**, each with **one Uvicorn process** running -* **Cloud services** that handle this for your +* **Cloud services** that handle this for you * The cloud service will probably **handle replication for you**. It would possibly let you define **a process to run**, or a **container image** to use, in any case, it would most probably be **a single Uvicorn process**, and the cloud service would be in charge of replicating it. !!! tip @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ And you will have to make sure that it's a single process running those previous Of course, there are some cases where there's no problem in running the previous steps multiple times, in that case, it's a lot easier to handle. !!! tip - Also, have in mind that depending on your setup, in some cases you **might not even need any previous steps** before starting your application. + Also, keep in mind that depending on your setup, in some cases you **might not even need any previous steps** before starting your application. In that case, you wouldn't have to worry about any of this. 🤷 @@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ You can use simple tools like `htop` to see the CPU and RAM used in your server ## Recap -You have been reading here some of the main concepts that you would probably need to have in mind when deciding how to deploy your application: +You have been reading here some of the main concepts that you would probably need to keep in mind when deciding how to deploy your application: * Security - HTTPS * Running on startup diff --git a/docs/en/docs/deployment/deta.md b/docs/en/docs/deployment/deta.md deleted file mode 100644 index c0dc3336a..000000000 --- a/docs/en/docs/deployment/deta.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,258 +0,0 @@ -# Deploy FastAPI on Deta - -In this section you will learn how to easily deploy a **FastAPI** application on Deta using the free plan. 🎁 - -It will take you about **10 minutes**. - -!!! info - Deta is a **FastAPI** sponsor. 🎉 - -## A basic **FastAPI** app - -* Create a directory for your app, for example, `./fastapideta/` and enter into it. - -### FastAPI code - -* Create a `main.py` file with: - -```Python -from fastapi import FastAPI - -app = FastAPI() - - -@app.get("/") -def read_root(): - return {"Hello": "World"} - - -@app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int): - return {"item_id": item_id} -``` - -### Requirements - -Now, in the same directory create a file `requirements.txt` with: - -```text -fastapi -``` - -!!! tip - You don't need to install Uvicorn to deploy on Deta, although you would probably want to install it locally to test your app. - -### Directory structure - -You will now have one directory `./fastapideta/` with two files: - -``` -. -└── main.py -└── requirements.txt -``` - -## Create a free Deta account - -Now create a free account on Deta, you just need an email and password. - -You don't even need a credit card. - -## Install the CLI - -Once you have your account, install the Deta CLI: - -=== "Linux, macOS" - -
- - ```console - $ curl -fsSL https://get.deta.dev/cli.sh | sh - ``` - -
- -=== "Windows PowerShell" - -
- - ```console - $ iwr https://get.deta.dev/cli.ps1 -useb | iex - ``` - -
- -After installing it, open a new terminal so that the installed CLI is detected. - -In a new terminal, confirm that it was correctly installed with: - -
- -```console -$ deta --help - -Deta command line interface for managing deta micros. -Complete documentation available at https://docs.deta.sh - -Usage: - deta [flags] - deta [command] - -Available Commands: - auth Change auth settings for a deta micro - -... -``` - -
- -!!! tip - If you have problems installing the CLI, check the official Deta docs. - -## Login with the CLI - -Now login to Deta from the CLI with: - -
- -```console -$ deta login - -Please, log in from the web page. Waiting.. -Logged in successfully. -``` - -
- -This will open a web browser and authenticate automatically. - -## Deploy with Deta - -Next, deploy your application with the Deta CLI: - -
- -```console -$ deta new - -Successfully created a new micro - -// Notice the "endpoint" 🔍 - -{ - "name": "fastapideta", - "runtime": "python3.7", - "endpoint": "https://qltnci.deta.dev", - "visor": "enabled", - "http_auth": "enabled" -} - -Adding dependencies... - - ----> 100% - - -Successfully installed fastapi-0.61.1 pydantic-1.7.2 starlette-0.13.6 -``` - -
- -You will see a JSON message similar to: - -```JSON hl_lines="4" -{ - "name": "fastapideta", - "runtime": "python3.7", - "endpoint": "https://qltnci.deta.dev", - "visor": "enabled", - "http_auth": "enabled" -} -``` - -!!! tip - Your deployment will have a different `"endpoint"` URL. - -## Check it - -Now open your browser in your `endpoint` URL. In the example above it was `https://qltnci.deta.dev`, but yours will be different. - -You will see the JSON response from your FastAPI app: - -```JSON -{ - "Hello": "World" -} -``` - -And now go to the `/docs` for your API, in the example above it would be `https://qltnci.deta.dev/docs`. - -It will show your docs like: - - - -## Enable public access - -By default, Deta will handle authentication using cookies for your account. - -But once you are ready, you can make it public with: - -
- -```console -$ deta auth disable - -Successfully disabled http auth -``` - -
- -Now you can share that URL with anyone and they will be able to access your API. 🚀 - -## HTTPS - -Congrats! You deployed your FastAPI app to Deta! 🎉 🍰 - -Also, notice that Deta correctly handles HTTPS for you, so you don't have to take care of that and can be sure that your clients will have a secure encrypted connection. ✅ 🔒 - -## Check the Visor - -From your docs UI (they will be in a URL like `https://qltnci.deta.dev/docs`) send a request to your *path operation* `/items/{item_id}`. - -For example with ID `5`. - -Now go to https://web.deta.sh. - -You will see there's a section to the left called "Micros" with each of your apps. - -You will see a tab with "Details", and also a tab "Visor", go to the tab "Visor". - -In there you can inspect the recent requests sent to your app. - -You can also edit them and re-play them. - - - -## Learn more - -At some point, you will probably want to store some data for your app in a way that persists through time. For that you can use Deta Base, it also has a generous **free tier**. - -You can also read more in the Deta Docs. - -## Deployment Concepts - -Coming back to the concepts we discussed in [Deployments Concepts](./concepts.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, here's how each of them would be handled with Deta: - -* **HTTPS**: Handled by Deta, they will give you a subdomain and handle HTTPS automatically. -* **Running on startup**: Handled by Deta, as part of their service. -* **Restarts**: Handled by Deta, as part of their service. -* **Replication**: Handled by Deta, as part of their service. -* **Memory**: Limit predefined by Deta, you could contact them to increase it. -* **Previous steps before starting**: Not directly supported, you could make it work with their Cron system or additional scripts. - -!!! note - Deta is designed to make it easy (and free) to deploy simple applications quickly. - - It can simplify several use cases, but at the same time, it doesn't support others, like using external databases (apart from Deta's own NoSQL database system), custom virtual machines, etc. - - You can read more details in the Deta docs to see if it's the right choice for you. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/deployment/docker.md b/docs/en/docs/deployment/docker.md index 3f86efcce..8a542622e 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/deployment/docker.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/deployment/docker.md @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ Successfully installed fastapi pydantic uvicorn * Create a `main.py` file with: ```Python -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` @@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ If your FastAPI is a single file, for example, `main.py` without an `./app` dire Then you would just have to change the corresponding paths to copy the file inside the `Dockerfile`: ```{ .dockerfile .annotate hl_lines="10 13" } -FROM python:3.9 +FROM python:3.9 WORKDIR /code diff --git a/docs/en/docs/deployment/https.md b/docs/en/docs/deployment/https.md index 790976a71..5cf76c111 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/deployment/https.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/deployment/https.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ But it is way more complex than that. To **learn the basics of HTTPS**, from a consumer perspective, check https://howhttps.works/. -Now, from a **developer's perspective**, here are several things to have in mind while thinking about HTTPS: +Now, from a **developer's perspective**, here are several things to keep in mind while thinking about HTTPS: * For HTTPS, **the server** needs to **have "certificates"** generated by a **third party**. * Those certificates are actually **acquired** from the third party, not "generated". diff --git a/docs/en/docs/deployment/index.md b/docs/en/docs/deployment/index.md index f0fd001cd..b43bd050a 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/deployment/index.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/deployment/index.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Deployment - Intro +# Deployment Deploying a **FastAPI** application is relatively easy. @@ -16,6 +16,6 @@ There are several ways to do it depending on your specific use case and the tool You could **deploy a server** yourself using a combination of tools, you could use a **cloud service** that does part of the work for you, or other possible options. -I will show you some of the main concepts you should probably have in mind when deploying a **FastAPI** application (although most of it applies to any other type of web application). +I will show you some of the main concepts you should probably keep in mind when deploying a **FastAPI** application (although most of it applies to any other type of web application). -You will see more details to have in mind and some of the techniques to do it in the next sections. ✨ +You will see more details to keep in mind and some of the techniques to do it in the next sections. ✨ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/deployment/manually.md b/docs/en/docs/deployment/manually.md index 7fd1f4d4f..b10a3686d 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/deployment/manually.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/deployment/manually.md @@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ There are 3 main alternatives: ## Server Machine and Server Program -There's a small detail about names to have in mind. 💡 +There's a small detail about names to keep in mind. 💡 The word "**server**" is commonly used to refer to both the remote/cloud computer (the physical or virtual machine) and also the program that is running on that machine (e.g. Uvicorn). -Just have that in mind when you read "server" in general, it could refer to one of those two things. +Just keep in mind that when you read "server" in general, it could refer to one of those two things. When referring to the remote machine, it's common to call it **server**, but also **machine**, **VM** (virtual machine), **node**. Those all refer to some type of remote machine, normally running Linux, where you run programs. @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ You can install an ASGI compatible server with: !!! tip By adding the `standard`, Uvicorn will install and use some recommended extra dependencies. - + That including `uvloop`, the high-performance drop-in replacement for `asyncio`, that provides the big concurrency performance boost. === "Hypercorn" @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ You can install an ASGI compatible server with: ## Run the Server Program -You can then your application the same way you have done in the tutorials, but without the `--reload` option, e.g.: +You can then run your application the same way you have done in the tutorials, but without the `--reload` option, e.g.: === "Uvicorn" @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ You can then your application the same way you have done in the tutorials, but w Remember to remove the `--reload` option if you were using it. The `--reload` option consumes much more resources, is more unstable, etc. - + It helps a lot during **development**, but you **shouldn't** use it in **production**. ## Hypercorn with Trio diff --git a/docs/en/docs/deployment/server-workers.md b/docs/en/docs/deployment/server-workers.md index 4ccd9d9f6..2df9f3d43 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/deployment/server-workers.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/deployment/server-workers.md @@ -90,7 +90,9 @@ Let's see what each of those options mean: ``` * So, the colon in `main:app` would be equivalent to the Python `import` part in `from main import app`. + * `--workers`: The number of worker processes to use, each will run a Uvicorn worker, in this case, 4 workers. + * `--worker-class`: The Gunicorn-compatible worker class to use in the worker processes. * Here we pass the class that Gunicorn can import and use with: diff --git a/docs/en/docs/external-links.md b/docs/en/docs/external-links.md index 55db55599..b89021ee2 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/external-links.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/external-links.md @@ -9,70 +9,21 @@ Here's an incomplete list of some of them. !!! tip If you have an article, project, tool, or anything related to **FastAPI** that is not yet listed here, create a Pull Request adding it. -## Articles +{% for section_name, section_content in external_links.items() %} -### English +## {{ section_name }} -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.english %} +{% for lang_name, lang_content in section_content.items() %} + +### {{ lang_name }} + +{% for item in lang_content %} + +* {{ item.title }} by {{ item.author }}. -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. {% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -### Japanese - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.japanese %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. {% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -### Vietnamese - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.vietnamese %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. {% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -### Russian - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.russian %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -### German - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.german %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -## Podcasts - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.podcasts.english %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -## Talks - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.talks.english %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} ## Projects diff --git a/docs/en/docs/fastapi-people.md b/docs/en/docs/fastapi-people.md index 0cbcb69c9..7e26358d8 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/fastapi-people.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/fastapi-people.md @@ -1,3 +1,8 @@ +--- +hide: + - navigation +--- + # FastAPI People FastAPI has an amazing community that welcomes people from all backgrounds. @@ -28,7 +33,7 @@ I'm the creator and maintainer of **FastAPI**. You can read more about that in [ These are the people that: -* [Help others with issues (questions) in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank}. +* [Help others with questions in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank}. * [Create Pull Requests](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank}. * Review Pull Requests, [especially important for translations](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank}. @@ -36,13 +41,13 @@ A round of applause to them. 👏 🙇 ## Most active users last month -These are the users that have been [helping others the most with issues (questions) in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} during the last month. ☕ +These are the users that have been [helping others the most with questions in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} during the last month. ☕ {% if people %}
{% for user in people.last_month_active %} -
@{{ user.login }}
Issues replied: {{ user.count }}
+
@{{ user.login }}
Questions replied: {{ user.count }}
{% endfor %}
@@ -52,7 +57,7 @@ These are the users that have been [helping others the most with issues (questio Here are the **FastAPI Experts**. 🤓 -These are the users that have [helped others the most with issues (questions) in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} through *all time*. +These are the users that have [helped others the most with questions in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} through *all time*. They have proven to be experts by helping many others. ✨ @@ -60,7 +65,7 @@ They have proven to be experts by helping many others. ✨
{% for user in people.experts %} -
@{{ user.login }}
Issues replied: {{ user.count }}
+
@{{ user.login }}
Questions replied: {{ user.count }}
{% endfor %}
@@ -169,7 +174,7 @@ They are supporting my work with **FastAPI** (and others), mainly through source code here. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/features.md b/docs/en/docs/features.md index 36f80783a..6f13b03bb 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/features.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/features.md @@ -1,3 +1,8 @@ +--- +hide: + - navigation +--- + # Features ## FastAPI features @@ -166,7 +171,7 @@ With **FastAPI** you get all of **Starlette**'s features (as FastAPI is just Sta * **WebSocket** support. * In-process background tasks. * Startup and shutdown events. -* Test client built on `requests`. +* Test client built on HTTPX. * **CORS**, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses. * **Session and Cookie** support. * 100% test coverage. @@ -189,12 +194,10 @@ With **FastAPI** you get all of **Pydantic**'s features (as FastAPI is based on * If you know Python types you know how to use Pydantic. * Plays nicely with your **IDE/linter/brain**: * Because pydantic data structures are just instances of classes you define; auto-completion, linting, mypy and your intuition should all work properly with your validated data. -* **Fast**: - * in benchmarks Pydantic is faster than all other tested libraries. * Validate **complex structures**: * Use of hierarchical Pydantic models, Python `typing`’s `List` and `Dict`, etc. * And validators allow complex data schemas to be clearly and easily defined, checked and documented as JSON Schema. * You can have deeply **nested JSON** objects and have them all validated and annotated. -* **Extendible**: +* **Extensible**: * Pydantic allows custom data types to be defined or you can extend validation with methods on a model decorated with the validator decorator. * 100% test coverage. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/help-fastapi.md b/docs/en/docs/help-fastapi.md index 8d8d708ed..095fc8c58 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/help-fastapi.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/help-fastapi.md @@ -47,11 +47,11 @@ You can: * Follow me on **GitHub**. * See other Open Source projects I have created that could help you. * Follow me to see when I create a new Open Source project. -* Follow me on **Twitter**. +* Follow me on **Twitter** or Mastodon. * Tell me how you use FastAPI (I love to hear that). * Hear when I make announcements or release new tools. * You can also follow @fastapi on Twitter (a separate account). -* Connect with me on **Linkedin**. +* Follow me on **Linkedin**. * Hear when I make announcements or release new tools (although I use Twitter more often 🤷‍♂). * Read what I write (or follow me) on **Dev.to** or **Medium**. * Read other ideas, articles, and read about tools I have created. @@ -67,29 +67,129 @@ I love to hear about how **FastAPI** is being used, what you have liked in it, i * Vote for **FastAPI** in Slant. * Vote for **FastAPI** in AlternativeTo. +* Say you use **FastAPI** on StackShare. -## Help others with issues in GitHub +## Help others with questions in GitHub -You can see existing issues and try and help others, most of the times they are questions that you might already know the answer for. 🤓 +You can try and help others with their questions in: -If you are helping a lot of people with issues, you might become an official [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🎉 +* GitHub Discussions +* GitHub Issues + +In many cases you might already know the answer for those questions. 🤓 + +If you are helping a lot of people with their questions, you will become an official [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🎉 + +Just remember, the most important point is: try to be kind. People come with their frustrations and in many cases don't ask in the best way, but try as best as you can to be kind. 🤗 + +The idea is for the **FastAPI** community to be kind and welcoming. At the same time, don't accept bullying or disrespectful behavior towards others. We have to take care of each other. + +--- + +Here's how to help others with questions (in discussions or issues): + +### Understand the question + +* Check if you can understand what is the **purpose** and use case of the person asking. + +* Then check if the question (the vast majority are questions) is **clear**. + +* In many cases the question asked is about an imaginary solution from the user, but there might be a **better** one. If you can understand the problem and use case better, you might be able to suggest a better **alternative solution**. + +* If you can't understand the question, ask for more **details**. + +### Reproduce the problem + +For most of the cases and most of the questions there's something related to the person's **original code**. + +In many cases they will only copy a fragment of the code, but that's not enough to **reproduce the problem**. + +* You can ask them to provide a minimal, reproducible, example, that you can **copy-paste** and run locally to see the same error or behavior they are seeing, or to understand their use case better. + +* If you are feeling too generous, you can try to **create an example** like that yourself, just based on the description of the problem. Just keep in mind that this might take a lot of time and it might be better to ask them to clarify the problem first. + +### Suggest solutions + +* After being able to understand the question, you can give them a possible **answer**. + +* In many cases, it's better to understand their **underlying problem or use case**, because there might be a better way to solve it than what they are trying to do. + +### Ask to close + +If they reply, there's a high chance you would have solved their problem, congrats, **you're a hero**! 🦸 + +* Now, if that solved their problem, you can ask them to: + + * In GitHub Discussions: mark the comment as the **answer**. + * In GitHub Issues: **close** the issue. ## Watch the GitHub repository You can "watch" FastAPI in GitHub (clicking the "watch" button at the top right): https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. 👀 -If you select "Watching" instead of "Releases only" you will receive notifications when someone creates a new issue. +If you select "Watching" instead of "Releases only" you will receive notifications when someone creates a new issue or question. You can also specify that you only want to be notified about new issues, or discussions, or PRs, etc. -Then you can try and help them solve those issues. +Then you can try and help them solve those questions. -## Create issues +## Ask Questions -You can create a new issue in the GitHub repository, for example to: +You can create a new question in the GitHub repository, for example to: * Ask a **question** or ask about a **problem**. * Suggest a new **feature**. -**Note**: if you create an issue, then I'm going to ask you to also help others. 😉 +**Note**: if you do it, then I'm going to ask you to also help others. 😉 + +## Review Pull Requests + +You can help me review pull requests from others. + +Again, please try your best to be kind. 🤗 + +--- + +Here's what to keep in mind and how to review a pull request: + +### Understand the problem + +* First, make sure you **understand the problem** that the pull request is trying to solve. It might have a longer discussion in a GitHub Discussion or issue. + +* There's also a good chance that the pull request is not actually needed because the problem can be solved in a **different way**. Then you can suggest or ask about that. + +### Don't worry about style + +* Don't worry too much about things like commit message styles, I will squash and merge customizing the commit manually. + +* Also don't worry about style rules, there are already automatized tools checking that. + +And if there's any other style or consistency need, I'll ask directly for that, or I'll add commits on top with the needed changes. + +### Check the code + +* Check and read the code, see if it makes sense, **run it locally** and see if it actually solves the problem. + +* Then **comment** saying that you did that, that's how I will know you really checked it. + +!!! info + Unfortunately, I can't simply trust PRs that just have several approvals. + + Several times it has happened that there are PRs with 3, 5 or more approvals, probably because the description is appealing, but when I check the PRs, they are actually broken, have a bug, or don't solve the problem they claim to solve. 😅 + + So, it's really important that you actually read and run the code, and let me know in the comments that you did. 🤓 + +* If the PR can be simplified in a way, you can ask for that, but there's no need to be too picky, there might be a lot of subjective points of view (and I will have my own as well 🙈), so it's better if you can focus on the fundamental things. + +### Tests + +* Help me check that the PR has **tests**. + +* Check that the tests **fail** before the PR. 🚨 + +* Then check that the tests **pass** after the PR. ✅ + +* Many PRs don't have tests, you can **remind** them to add tests, or you can even **suggest** some tests yourself. That's one of the things that consume most time and you can help a lot with that. + +* Then also comment what you tried, that way I'll know that you checked it. 🤓 ## Create a Pull Request @@ -102,26 +202,42 @@ You can [contribute](contributing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} to the sourc * You can also help to review the translations created by others. * To propose new documentation sections. * To fix an existing issue/bug. + * Make sure to add tests. * To add a new feature. + * Make sure to add tests. + * Make sure to add documentation if it's relevant. + +## Help Maintain FastAPI + +Help me maintain **FastAPI**! 🤓 + +There's a lot of work to do, and for most of it, **YOU** can do it. + +The main tasks that you can do right now are: + +* [Help others with questions in GitHub](#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} (see the section above). +* [Review Pull Requests](#review-pull-requests){.internal-link target=_blank} (see the section above). + +Those two tasks are what **consume time the most**. That's the main work of maintaining FastAPI. + +If you can help me with that, **you are helping me maintain FastAPI** and making sure it keeps **advancing faster and better**. 🚀 ## Join the chat Join the 👥 Discord chat server 👥 and hang out with others in the FastAPI community. !!! tip - For questions, ask them in GitHub issues, there's a much better chance you will receive help by the [FastAPI Experts](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. + For questions, ask them in GitHub Discussions, there's a much better chance you will receive help by the [FastAPI Experts](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. Use the chat only for other general conversations. -There is also the previous Gitter chat, but as it doesn't have channels and advanced features, conversations are more difficult, so Discord is now the recommended system. - ### Don't use the chat for questions -Have in mind that as chats allow more "free conversation", it's easy to ask questions that are too general and more difficult to answer, so, you might not receive answers. +Keep in mind that as chats allow more "free conversation", it's easy to ask questions that are too general and more difficult to answer, so, you might not receive answers. -In GitHub issues the template will guide you to write the right question so that you can more easily get a good answer, or even solve the problem yourself even before asking. And in GitHub I can make sure I always answer everything, even if it takes some time. I can't personally do that with the chat systems. 😅 +In GitHub, the template will guide you to write the right question so that you can more easily get a good answer, or even solve the problem yourself even before asking. And in GitHub I can make sure I always answer everything, even if it takes some time. I can't personally do that with the chat systems. 😅 -Conversations in the chat systems are also not as easily searchable as in GitHub, so questions and answers might get lost in the conversation. And only the ones in GitHub issues count to become a [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}, so you will most probably receive more attention in GitHub issues. +Conversations in the chat systems are also not as easily searchable as in GitHub, so questions and answers might get lost in the conversation. And only the ones in GitHub count to become a [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}, so you will most probably receive more attention in GitHub. On the other side, there are thousands of users in the chat systems, so there's a high chance you'll find someone to talk to there, almost all the time. 😄 diff --git a/docs/en/docs/help/index.md b/docs/en/docs/help/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5ee7df2fe --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/help/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Help + +Help and get help, contribute, get involved. 🤝 diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/async-sql-databases.md b/docs/en/docs/how-to/async-sql-encode-databases.md similarity index 86% rename from docs/en/docs/advanced/async-sql-databases.md rename to docs/en/docs/how-to/async-sql-encode-databases.md index 93c288e1b..c7b340d67 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/async-sql-databases.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/how-to/async-sql-encode-databases.md @@ -1,4 +1,14 @@ -# Async SQL (Relational) Databases +# ~~Async SQL (Relational) Databases with Encode/Databases~~ (deprecated) + +!!! info + These docs are about to be updated. 🎉 + + The current version assumes Pydantic v1. + + The new docs will include Pydantic v2 and will use SQLModel once it is updated to use Pydantic v2 as well. + +!!! warning "Deprecated" + This tutorial is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. You can also use `encode/databases` with **FastAPI** to connect to databases using `async` and `await`. @@ -107,6 +117,11 @@ Create the *path operation function* to create notes: {!../../../docs_src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!} ``` +!!! info + In Pydantic v1 the method was called `.dict()`, it was deprecated (but still supported) in Pydantic v2, and renamed to `.model_dump()`. + + The examples here use `.dict()` for compatibility with Pydantic v1, but you should use `.model_dump()` instead if you can use Pydantic v2. + !!! Note Notice that as we communicate with the database using `await`, the *path operation function* is declared with `async`. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/conditional-openapi.md b/docs/en/docs/how-to/conditional-openapi.md similarity index 100% rename from docs/en/docs/advanced/conditional-openapi.md rename to docs/en/docs/how-to/conditional-openapi.md diff --git a/docs/en/docs/how-to/configure-swagger-ui.md b/docs/en/docs/how-to/configure-swagger-ui.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f36ba5ba8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/how-to/configure-swagger-ui.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +# Configure Swagger UI + +You can configure some extra Swagger UI parameters. + +To configure them, pass the `swagger_ui_parameters` argument when creating the `FastAPI()` app object or to the `get_swagger_ui_html()` function. + +`swagger_ui_parameters` receives a dictionary with the configurations passed to Swagger UI directly. + +FastAPI converts the configurations to **JSON** to make them compatible with JavaScript, as that's what Swagger UI needs. + +## Disable Syntax Highlighting + +For example, you could disable syntax highlighting in Swagger UI. + +Without changing the settings, syntax highlighting is enabled by default: + + + +But you can disable it by setting `syntaxHighlight` to `False`: + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/configure_swagger_ui/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +...and then Swagger UI won't show the syntax highlighting anymore: + + + +## Change the Theme + +The same way you could set the syntax highlighting theme with the key `"syntaxHighlight.theme"` (notice that it has a dot in the middle): + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/configure_swagger_ui/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +That configuration would change the syntax highlighting color theme: + + + +## Change Default Swagger UI Parameters + +FastAPI includes some default configuration parameters appropriate for most of the use cases. + +It includes these default configurations: + +```Python +{!../../../fastapi/openapi/docs.py[ln:7-13]!} +``` + +You can override any of them by setting a different value in the argument `swagger_ui_parameters`. + +For example, to disable `deepLinking` you could pass these settings to `swagger_ui_parameters`: + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/configure_swagger_ui/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +## Other Swagger UI Parameters + +To see all the other possible configurations you can use, read the official docs for Swagger UI parameters. + +## JavaScript-only settings + +Swagger UI also allows other configurations to be **JavaScript-only** objects (for example, JavaScript functions). + +FastAPI also includes these JavaScript-only `presets` settings: + +```JavaScript +presets: [ + SwaggerUIBundle.presets.apis, + SwaggerUIBundle.SwaggerUIStandalonePreset +] +``` + +These are **JavaScript** objects, not strings, so you can't pass them from Python code directly. + +If you need to use JavaScript-only configurations like those, you can use one of the methods above. Override all the Swagger UI *path operation* and manually write any JavaScript you need. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/extending-openapi.md b/docs/en/docs/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets.md similarity index 50% rename from docs/en/docs/advanced/extending-openapi.md rename to docs/en/docs/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets.md index d8d280ba6..9726be2c7 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/extending-openapi.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets.md @@ -1,95 +1,4 @@ -# Extending OpenAPI - -!!! warning - This is a rather advanced feature. You probably can skip it. - - If you are just following the tutorial - user guide, you can probably skip this section. - - If you already know that you need to modify the generated OpenAPI schema, continue reading. - -There are some cases where you might need to modify the generated OpenAPI schema. - -In this section you will see how. - -## The normal process - -The normal (default) process, is as follows. - -A `FastAPI` application (instance) has an `.openapi()` method that is expected to return the OpenAPI schema. - -As part of the application object creation, a *path operation* for `/openapi.json` (or for whatever you set your `openapi_url`) is registered. - -It just returns a JSON response with the result of the application's `.openapi()` method. - -By default, what the method `.openapi()` does is check the property `.openapi_schema` to see if it has contents and return them. - -If it doesn't, it generates them using the utility function at `fastapi.openapi.utils.get_openapi`. - -And that function `get_openapi()` receives as parameters: - -* `title`: The OpenAPI title, shown in the docs. -* `version`: The version of your API, e.g. `2.5.0`. -* `openapi_version`: The version of the OpenAPI specification used. By default, the latest: `3.0.2`. -* `description`: The description of your API. -* `routes`: A list of routes, these are each of the registered *path operations*. They are taken from `app.routes`. - -## Overriding the defaults - -Using the information above, you can use the same utility function to generate the OpenAPI schema and override each part that you need. - -For example, let's add ReDoc's OpenAPI extension to include a custom logo. - -### Normal **FastAPI** - -First, write all your **FastAPI** application as normally: - -```Python hl_lines="1 4 7-9" -{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py!} -``` - -### Generate the OpenAPI schema - -Then, use the same utility function to generate the OpenAPI schema, inside a `custom_openapi()` function: - -```Python hl_lines="2 15-20" -{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py!} -``` - -### Modify the OpenAPI schema - -Now you can add the ReDoc extension, adding a custom `x-logo` to the `info` "object" in the OpenAPI schema: - -```Python hl_lines="21-23" -{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py!} -``` - -### Cache the OpenAPI schema - -You can use the property `.openapi_schema` as a "cache", to store your generated schema. - -That way, your application won't have to generate the schema every time a user opens your API docs. - -It will be generated only once, and then the same cached schema will be used for the next requests. - -```Python hl_lines="13-14 24-25" -{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py!} -``` - -### Override the method - -Now you can replace the `.openapi()` method with your new function. - -```Python hl_lines="28" -{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py!} -``` - -### Check it - -Once you go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc you will see that you are using your custom logo (in this example, **FastAPI**'s logo): - - - -## Self-hosting JavaScript and CSS for docs +# Custom Docs UI Static Assets (Self-Hosting) The API docs use **Swagger UI** and **ReDoc**, and each of those need some JavaScript and CSS files. @@ -97,7 +6,62 @@ By default, those files are served from a CDN, for example you want to use `https://unpkg.com/`. + +This could be useful if for example you live in a country that restricts some URLs. + +### Disable the automatic docs + +The first step is to disable the automatic docs, as by default, those use the default CDN. + +To disable them, set their URLs to `None` when creating your `FastAPI` app: + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_docs_ui/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### Include the custom docs + +Now you can create the *path operations* for the custom docs. + +You can re-use FastAPI's internal functions to create the HTML pages for the docs, and pass them the needed arguments: + +* `openapi_url`: the URL where the HTML page for the docs can get the OpenAPI schema for your API. You can use here the attribute `app.openapi_url`. +* `title`: the title of your API. +* `oauth2_redirect_url`: you can use `app.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url` here to use the default. +* `swagger_js_url`: the URL where the HTML for your Swagger UI docs can get the **JavaScript** file. This is the custom CDN URL. +* `swagger_css_url`: the URL where the HTML for your Swagger UI docs can get the **CSS** file. This is the custom CDN URL. + +And similarly for ReDoc... + +```Python hl_lines="2-6 11-19 22-24 27-33" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_docs_ui/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + The *path operation* for `swagger_ui_redirect` is a helper for when you use OAuth2. + + If you integrate your API with an OAuth2 provider, you will be able to authenticate and come back to the API docs with the acquired credentials. And interact with it using the real OAuth2 authentication. + + Swagger UI will handle it behind the scenes for you, but it needs this "redirect" helper. + +### Create a *path operation* to test it + +Now, to be able to test that everything works, create a *path operation*: + +```Python hl_lines="36-38" +{!../../../docs_src/custom_docs_ui/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### Test it + +Now, you should be able to go to your docs at http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs, and reload the page, it will load those assets from the new CDN. + +## Self-hosting JavaScript and CSS for docs + +Self-hosting the JavaScript and CSS could be useful if, for example, you need your app to keep working even while offline, without open Internet access, or in a local network. Here you'll see how to serve those files yourself, in the same FastAPI app, and configure the docs to use them. @@ -132,8 +96,8 @@ You can probably right-click each link and select an option similar to `Save lin **Swagger UI** uses the files: -* `swagger-ui-bundle.js` -* `swagger-ui.css` +* `swagger-ui-bundle.js` +* `swagger-ui.css` And **ReDoc** uses the file: @@ -158,7 +122,7 @@ After that, your file structure could look like: * "Mount" a `StaticFiles()` instance in a specific path. ```Python hl_lines="7 11" -{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial002.py!} +{!../../../docs_src/custom_docs_ui/tutorial002.py!} ``` ### Test the static files @@ -185,32 +149,32 @@ That confirms that you are being able to serve static files from your app, and t Now we can configure the app to use those static files for the docs. -### Disable the automatic docs +### Disable the automatic docs for static files -The first step is to disable the automatic docs, as those use the CDN by default. +The same as when using a custom CDN, the first step is to disable the automatic docs, as those use the CDN by default. To disable them, set their URLs to `None` when creating your `FastAPI` app: ```Python hl_lines="9" -{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial002.py!} +{!../../../docs_src/custom_docs_ui/tutorial002.py!} ``` -### Include the custom docs +### Include the custom docs for static files -Now you can create the *path operations* for the custom docs. +And the same way as with a custom CDN, now you can create the *path operations* for the custom docs. -You can re-use FastAPI's internal functions to create the HTML pages for the docs, and pass them the needed arguments: +Again, you can re-use FastAPI's internal functions to create the HTML pages for the docs, and pass them the needed arguments: * `openapi_url`: the URL where the HTML page for the docs can get the OpenAPI schema for your API. You can use here the attribute `app.openapi_url`. * `title`: the title of your API. * `oauth2_redirect_url`: you can use `app.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url` here to use the default. -* `swagger_js_url`: the URL where the HTML for your Swagger UI docs can get the **JavaScript** file. This is the one that your own app is now serving. -* `swagger_css_url`: the URL where the HTML for your Swagger UI docs can get the **CSS** file. This is the one that your own app is now serving. +* `swagger_js_url`: the URL where the HTML for your Swagger UI docs can get the **JavaScript** file. **This is the one that your own app is now serving**. +* `swagger_css_url`: the URL where the HTML for your Swagger UI docs can get the **CSS** file. **This is the one that your own app is now serving**. And similarly for ReDoc... ```Python hl_lines="2-6 14-22 25-27 30-36" -{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial002.py!} +{!../../../docs_src/custom_docs_ui/tutorial002.py!} ``` !!! tip @@ -220,15 +184,15 @@ And similarly for ReDoc... Swagger UI will handle it behind the scenes for you, but it needs this "redirect" helper. -### Create a *path operation* to test it +### Create a *path operation* to test static files Now, to be able to test that everything works, create a *path operation*: ```Python hl_lines="39-41" -{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial002.py!} +{!../../../docs_src/custom_docs_ui/tutorial002.py!} ``` -### Test it +### Test Static Files UI Now, you should be able to disconnect your WiFi, go to your docs at http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs, and reload the page. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-request-and-route.md b/docs/en/docs/how-to/custom-request-and-route.md similarity index 100% rename from docs/en/docs/advanced/custom-request-and-route.md rename to docs/en/docs/how-to/custom-request-and-route.md diff --git a/docs/en/docs/how-to/extending-openapi.md b/docs/en/docs/how-to/extending-openapi.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a18fd737e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/how-to/extending-openapi.md @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +# Extending OpenAPI + +There are some cases where you might need to modify the generated OpenAPI schema. + +In this section you will see how. + +## The normal process + +The normal (default) process, is as follows. + +A `FastAPI` application (instance) has an `.openapi()` method that is expected to return the OpenAPI schema. + +As part of the application object creation, a *path operation* for `/openapi.json` (or for whatever you set your `openapi_url`) is registered. + +It just returns a JSON response with the result of the application's `.openapi()` method. + +By default, what the method `.openapi()` does is check the property `.openapi_schema` to see if it has contents and return them. + +If it doesn't, it generates them using the utility function at `fastapi.openapi.utils.get_openapi`. + +And that function `get_openapi()` receives as parameters: + +* `title`: The OpenAPI title, shown in the docs. +* `version`: The version of your API, e.g. `2.5.0`. +* `openapi_version`: The version of the OpenAPI specification used. By default, the latest: `3.1.0`. +* `summary`: A short summary of the API. +* `description`: The description of your API, this can include markdown and will be shown in the docs. +* `routes`: A list of routes, these are each of the registered *path operations*. They are taken from `app.routes`. + +!!! info + The parameter `summary` is available in OpenAPI 3.1.0 and above, supported by FastAPI 0.99.0 and above. + +## Overriding the defaults + +Using the information above, you can use the same utility function to generate the OpenAPI schema and override each part that you need. + +For example, let's add ReDoc's OpenAPI extension to include a custom logo. + +### Normal **FastAPI** + +First, write all your **FastAPI** application as normally: + +```Python hl_lines="1 4 7-9" +{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### Generate the OpenAPI schema + +Then, use the same utility function to generate the OpenAPI schema, inside a `custom_openapi()` function: + +```Python hl_lines="2 15-21" +{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### Modify the OpenAPI schema + +Now you can add the ReDoc extension, adding a custom `x-logo` to the `info` "object" in the OpenAPI schema: + +```Python hl_lines="22-24" +{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### Cache the OpenAPI schema + +You can use the property `.openapi_schema` as a "cache", to store your generated schema. + +That way, your application won't have to generate the schema every time a user opens your API docs. + +It will be generated only once, and then the same cached schema will be used for the next requests. + +```Python hl_lines="13-14 25-26" +{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### Override the method + +Now you can replace the `.openapi()` method with your new function. + +```Python hl_lines="29" +{!../../../docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### Check it + +Once you go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc you will see that you are using your custom logo (in this example, **FastAPI**'s logo): + + diff --git a/docs/en/docs/how-to/general.md b/docs/en/docs/how-to/general.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..04367c6b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/how-to/general.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +# General - How To - Recipes + +Here are several pointers to other places in the docs, for general or frequent questions. + +## Filter Data - Security + +To ensure that you don't return more data than you should, read the docs for [Tutorial - Response Model - Return Type](../tutorial/response-model.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## Documentation Tags - OpenAPI + +To add tags to your *path operations*, and group them in the docs UI, read the docs for [Tutorial - Path Operation Configurations - Tags](../tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md#tags){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## Documentation Summary and Description - OpenAPI + +To add a summary and description to your *path operations*, and show them in the docs UI, read the docs for [Tutorial - Path Operation Configurations - Summary and Description](../tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md#summary-and-description){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## Documentation Response description - OpenAPI + +To define the description of the response, shown in the docs UI, read the docs for [Tutorial - Path Operation Configurations - Response description](../tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md#response-description){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## Documentation Deprecate a *Path Operation* - OpenAPI + +To deprecate a *path operation*, and show it in the docs UI, read the docs for [Tutorial - Path Operation Configurations - Deprecation](../tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md#deprecate-a-path-operation){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## Convert any Data to JSON-compatible + +To convert any data to JSON-compatible, read the docs for [Tutorial - JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## OpenAPI Metadata - Docs + +To add metadata to your OpenAPI schema, including a license, version, contact, etc, read the docs for [Tutorial - Metadata and Docs URLs](../tutorial/metadata.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## OpenAPI Custom URL + +To customize the OpenAPI URL (or remove it), read the docs for [Tutorial - Metadata and Docs URLs](../tutorial/metadata.md#openapi-url){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## OpenAPI Docs URLs + +To update the URLs used for the automatically generated docs user interfaces, read the docs for [Tutorial - Metadata and Docs URLs](../tutorial/metadata.md#docs-urls){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/graphql.md b/docs/en/docs/how-to/graphql.md similarity index 100% rename from docs/en/docs/advanced/graphql.md rename to docs/en/docs/how-to/graphql.md diff --git a/docs/en/docs/how-to/index.md b/docs/en/docs/how-to/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec7fd38f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/how-to/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# How To - Recipes + +Here you will see different recipes or "how to" guides for **several topics**. + +Most of these ideas would be more or less **independent**, and in most cases you should only need to study them if they apply directly to **your project**. + +If something seems interesting and useful to your project, go ahead and check it, but otherwise, you might probably just skip them. + +!!! tip + + If you want to **learn FastAPI** in a structured way (recommended), go and read the [Tutorial - User Guide](../tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank} chapter by chapter instead. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/nosql-databases.md b/docs/en/docs/how-to/nosql-databases-couchbase.md similarity index 92% rename from docs/en/docs/advanced/nosql-databases.md rename to docs/en/docs/how-to/nosql-databases-couchbase.md index 6cc5a9385..563318984 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/nosql-databases.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/how-to/nosql-databases-couchbase.md @@ -1,4 +1,14 @@ -# NoSQL (Distributed / Big Data) Databases +# ~~NoSQL (Distributed / Big Data) Databases with Couchbase~~ (deprecated) + +!!! info + These docs are about to be updated. 🎉 + + The current version assumes Pydantic v1. + + The new docs will hopefully use Pydantic v2 and will use ODMantic with MongoDB. + +!!! warning "Deprecated" + This tutorial is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. **FastAPI** can also be integrated with any NoSQL. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/how-to/separate-openapi-schemas.md b/docs/en/docs/how-to/separate-openapi-schemas.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..10be1071a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/how-to/separate-openapi-schemas.md @@ -0,0 +1,231 @@ +# Separate OpenAPI Schemas for Input and Output or Not + +When using **Pydantic v2**, the generated OpenAPI is a bit more exact and **correct** than before. 😎 + +In fact, in some cases, it will even have **two JSON Schemas** in OpenAPI for the same Pydantic model, for input and output, depending on if they have **default values**. + +Let's see how that works and how to change it if you need to do that. + +## Pydantic Models for Input and Output + +Let's say you have a Pydantic model with default values, like this one: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py310.py[ln:1-7]!} + + # Code below omitted 👇 + ``` + +
+ 👀 Full file preview + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +
+ +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py39.py[ln:1-9]!} + + # Code below omitted 👇 + ``` + +
+ 👀 Full file preview + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py39.py!} + ``` + +
+ +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001.py[ln:1-9]!} + + # Code below omitted 👇 + ``` + +
+ 👀 Full file preview + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +
+ +### Model for Input + +If you use this model as an input like here: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py310.py[ln:1-15]!} + + # Code below omitted 👇 + ``` + +
+ 👀 Full file preview + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +
+ +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py39.py[ln:1-17]!} + + # Code below omitted 👇 + ``` + +
+ 👀 Full file preview + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py39.py!} + ``` + +
+ +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001.py[ln:1-17]!} + + # Code below omitted 👇 + ``` + +
+ 👀 Full file preview + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +
+ +...then the `description` field will **not be required**. Because it has a default value of `None`. + +### Input Model in Docs + +You can confirm that in the docs, the `description` field doesn't have a **red asterisk**, it's not marked as required: + +
+ +
+ +### Model for Output + +But if you use the same model as an output, like here: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +...then because `description` has a default value, if you **don't return anything** for that field, it will still have that **default value**. + +### Model for Output Response Data + +If you interact with the docs and check the response, even though the code didn't add anything in one of the `description` fields, the JSON response contains the default value (`null`): + +
+ +
+ +This means that it will **always have a value**, it's just that sometimes the value could be `None` (or `null` in JSON). + +That means that, clients using your API don't have to check if the value exists or not, they can **assume the field will always be there**, but just that in some cases it will have the default value of `None`. + +The way to describe this in OpenAPI, is to mark that field as **required**, because it will always be there. + +Because of that, the JSON Schema for a model can be different depending on if it's used for **input or output**: + +* for **input** the `description` will **not be required** +* for **output** it will be **required** (and possibly `None`, or in JSON terms, `null`) + +### Model for Output in Docs + +You can check the output model in the docs too, **both** `name` and `description` are marked as **required** with a **red asterisk**: + +
+ +
+ +### Model for Input and Output in Docs + +And if you check all the available Schemas (JSON Schemas) in OpenAPI, you will see that there are two, one `Item-Input` and one `Item-Output`. + +For `Item-Input`, `description` is **not required**, it doesn't have a red asterisk. + +But for `Item-Output`, `description` is **required**, it has a red asterisk. + +
+ +
+ +With this feature from **Pydantic v2**, your API documentation is more **precise**, and if you have autogenerated clients and SDKs, they will be more precise too, with a better **developer experience** and consistency. 🎉 + +## Do not Separate Schemas + +Now, there are some cases where you might want to have the **same schema for input and output**. + +Probably the main use case for this is if you already have some autogenerated client code/SDKs and you don't want to update all the autogenerated client code/SDKs yet, you probably will want to do it at some point, but maybe not right now. + +In that case, you can disable this feature in **FastAPI**, with the parameter `separate_input_output_schemas=False`. + +!!! info + Support for `separate_input_output_schemas` was added in FastAPI `0.102.0`. 🤓 + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +### Same Schema for Input and Output Models in Docs + +And now there will be one single schema for input and output for the model, only `Item`, and it will have `description` as **not required**: + +
+ +
+ +This is the same behavior as in Pydantic v1. 🤓 diff --git a/docs/en/docs/advanced/sql-databases-peewee.md b/docs/en/docs/how-to/sql-databases-peewee.md similarity index 96% rename from docs/en/docs/advanced/sql-databases-peewee.md rename to docs/en/docs/how-to/sql-databases-peewee.md index 48514d1e2..7211f7ed3 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/advanced/sql-databases-peewee.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/how-to/sql-databases-peewee.md @@ -1,10 +1,22 @@ -# SQL (Relational) Databases with Peewee +# ~~SQL (Relational) Databases with Peewee~~ (deprecated) + +!!! warning "Deprecated" + This tutorial is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. !!! warning If you are just starting, the tutorial [SQL (Relational) Databases](../tutorial/sql-databases.md){.internal-link target=_blank} that uses SQLAlchemy should be enough. Feel free to skip this. + Peewee is not recommended with FastAPI as it doesn't play well with anything async Python. There are several better alternatives. + +!!! info + These docs assume Pydantic v1. + + Because Pewee doesn't play well with anything async and there are better alternatives, I won't update these docs for Pydantic v2, they are kept for now only for historical purposes. + + The examples here are no longer tested in CI (as they were before). + If you are starting a project from scratch, you are probably better off with SQLAlchemy ORM ([SQL (Relational) Databases](../tutorial/sql-databases.md){.internal-link target=_blank}), or any other async ORM. If you already have a code base that uses Peewee ORM, you can check here how to use it with **FastAPI**. @@ -66,7 +78,7 @@ Let's first check all the normal Peewee code, create a Peewee database: ``` !!! tip - Have in mind that if you wanted to use a different database, like PostgreSQL, you couldn't just change the string. You would need to use a different Peewee database class. + Keep in mind that if you wanted to use a different database, like PostgreSQL, you couldn't just change the string. You would need to use a different Peewee database class. #### Note @@ -182,7 +194,7 @@ Now let's check the file `sql_app/schemas.py`. To avoid confusion between the Peewee *models* and the Pydantic *models*, we will have the file `models.py` with the Peewee models, and the file `schemas.py` with the Pydantic models. These Pydantic models define more or less a "schema" (a valid data shape). - + So this will help us avoiding confusion while using both. ### Create the Pydantic *models* / schemas @@ -354,7 +366,7 @@ It will have the database connection open at the beginning and will just wait so This will easily let you test that your app with Peewee and FastAPI is behaving correctly with all the stuff about threads. -If you want to check how Peewee would break your app if used without modification, go the the `sql_app/database.py` file and comment the line: +If you want to check how Peewee would break your app if used without modification, go the `sql_app/database.py` file and comment the line: ```Python # db._state = PeeweeConnectionState() @@ -484,7 +496,7 @@ This means that, with Peewee's current implementation, multiple tasks could be u Python 3.7 has `contextvars` that can create a local variable very similar to `threading.local`, but also supporting these async features. -There are several things to have in mind. +There are several things to keep in mind. The `ContextVar` has to be created at the top of the module, like: diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-01.png b/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-01.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e0e77d3fc Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-01.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-02.png b/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-02.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..27f6e1271 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-02.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-03.png b/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-03.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..27472a8e0 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-03.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-04.png b/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-04.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf1d8dd45 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-04.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-05.png b/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-05.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ab6e03669 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-05.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-06.png b/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-06.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4bbf247c0 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-06.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-07.png b/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-07.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a0f4092d Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-07.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-01.png b/docs/en/docs/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-01.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..92fc1a8a0 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-01.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-02.png b/docs/en/docs/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-02.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9583b84dc Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-02.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-03.png b/docs/en/docs/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-03.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bea9ff0d8 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-03.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-04.png b/docs/en/docs/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-04.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b5c8a60bb Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-04.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-05.png b/docs/en/docs/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-05.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..45aca8e21 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-05.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-06.png b/docs/en/docs/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-06.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c91c4b472 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/async/parallel-burgers/parallel-burgers-06.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/concepts/process-ram.drawio b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/concepts/process-ram.drawio index 51fc30ed3..b29c8a342 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/concepts/process-ram.drawio +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/concepts/process-ram.drawio @@ -103,4 +103,4 @@ - \ No newline at end of file + diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/concepts/process-ram.svg b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/concepts/process-ram.svg index cd086c36b..c1bf0d589 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/concepts/process-ram.svg +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/concepts/process-ram.svg @@ -56,4 +56,4 @@ }
Server
Server
RAM
RAM
CPU
CPU -
Process Manager
Process Manager
Worker Process
Worker Process
Worker Process
Worker Process
Another Process
Another Process
1 GB
1 GB
1 GB
1 GBViewer does not support full SVG 1.1 \ No newline at end of file +
Process Manager
Process Manager
Worker Process
Worker Process
Worker Process
Worker Process
Another Process
Another Process
1 GB
1 GB
1 GB
1 GBViewer does not support full SVG 1.1 diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/deta/image03.png b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/deta/image03.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..232355658 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/deta/image03.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/deta/image04.png b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/deta/image04.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..88898e0f2 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/deta/image04.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/deta/image05.png b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/deta/image05.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..590f6f5e4 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/deta/image05.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/deta/image06.png b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/deta/image06.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f5828bfda Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/deta/image06.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https.drawio b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https.drawio index 31cfab96b..c4c8a3628 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https.drawio +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https.drawio @@ -274,4 +274,4 @@ - \ No newline at end of file + diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https.svg b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https.svg index e63345eba..69497518a 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https.svg +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https.svg @@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
someapp.example.com
someapp.example.com
another.example.net
another.example.net
onemore.example.org
onemore.example.org -
IP:
123.124.125.126
IP:...
Decrypted request for: someapp.example.com
Decrypted request for: someapp.example.comViewer does not support full SVG 1.1 \ No newline at end of file +
IP:
123.124.125.126
IP:...
Decrypted request for: someapp.example.com
Decrypted request for: someapp.example.comViewer does not support full SVG 1.1 diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https01.drawio b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https01.drawio index 9bc5340ce..181582f9b 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https01.drawio +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https01.drawio @@ -75,4 +75,4 @@ - \ No newline at end of file + diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https01.svg b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https01.svg index 4fee0adfc..2edbd0623 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https01.svg +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https01.svg @@ -54,4 +54,4 @@ src: url("https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v29/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu4mxK.woff2") format('woff2'); unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+2000-206F, U+2074, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD; } -
https://someapp.example.com
https://someapp.example.com
DNS Servers
DNS Servers
Who is: someapp.example.com
Who is: someapp.example.com
IP:
123.124.125.126
IP:...Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1 \ No newline at end of file +
https://someapp.example.com
https://someapp.example.com
DNS Servers
DNS Servers
Who is: someapp.example.com
Who is: someapp.example.com
IP:
123.124.125.126
IP:...Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1 diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https02.drawio b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https02.drawio index 0f7578d3e..650c06d1e 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https02.drawio +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https02.drawio @@ -107,4 +107,4 @@ - \ No newline at end of file + diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https02.svg b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https02.svg index 1f37a7098..e16b7e94a 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https02.svg +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https02.svg @@ -54,4 +54,4 @@ src: url("https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v29/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu4mxK.woff2") format('woff2'); unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+2000-206F, U+2074, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD; } -
Server(s)
Server(s)
https://someapp.example.com
https://someapp.example.com
DNS Servers
DNS Servers
Port 443 (HTTPS)
Port 443 (HTTPS)
IP:
123.124.125.126
IP:...
Who is: someapp.example.com
Who is: someapp.example.com
IP:
123.124.125.126
IP:...
TLS Handshake
TLS HandshakeViewer does not support full SVG 1.1 \ No newline at end of file +
Server(s)
Server(s)
https://someapp.example.com
https://someapp.example.com
DNS Servers
DNS Servers
Port 443 (HTTPS)
Port 443 (HTTPS)
IP:
123.124.125.126
IP:...
Who is: someapp.example.com
Who is: someapp.example.com
IP:
123.124.125.126
IP:...
TLS Handshake
TLS HandshakeViewer does not support full SVG 1.1 diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https03.drawio b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https03.drawio index c5766086c..c178fd363 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https03.drawio +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https03.drawio @@ -128,4 +128,4 @@ - \ No newline at end of file + diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https03.svg b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https03.svg index e68e1c459..2badd1c7d 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https03.svg +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https03.svg @@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
someapp.example.com
someapp.example.com
another.example.net
another.example.net
onemore.example.org
onemore.example.org -
IP:
123.124.125.126
IP:...Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1 \ No newline at end of file +
IP:
123.124.125.126
IP:...Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1 diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https04.drawio b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https04.drawio index ea357a6c1..78a6e919a 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https04.drawio +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https04.drawio @@ -149,4 +149,4 @@ - \ No newline at end of file + diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https04.svg b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https04.svg index 4c9b7999b..4513ac76b 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https04.svg +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https04.svg @@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
someapp.example.com
someapp.example.com
another.example.net
another.example.net
onemore.example.org
onemore.example.org -
IP:
123.124.125.126
IP:...Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1 \ No newline at end of file +
IP:
123.124.125.126
IP:...Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1 diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https05.drawio b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https05.drawio index 9b8b7c6f7..236ecd841 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https05.drawio +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https05.drawio @@ -163,4 +163,4 @@ - \ No newline at end of file + diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https05.svg b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https05.svg index d11647b9b..ddcd2760a 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https05.svg +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https05.svg @@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
someapp.example.com
someapp.example.com
another.example.net
another.example.net
onemore.example.org
onemore.example.org -
IP:
123.124.125.126
IP:...Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1 \ No newline at end of file +
IP:
123.124.125.126
IP:...Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1 diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https06.drawio b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https06.drawio index 5bb85813f..9dec13184 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https06.drawio +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https06.drawio @@ -180,4 +180,4 @@ - \ No newline at end of file + diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https06.svg b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https06.svg index 10e03b7c5..3695de40c 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https06.svg +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https06.svg @@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
someapp.example.com
someapp.example.com
another.example.net
another.example.net
onemore.example.org
onemore.example.org -
IP:
123.124.125.126
IP:...Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1 \ No newline at end of file +
IP:
123.124.125.126
IP:...Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1 diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https07.drawio b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https07.drawio index 1ca994b22..aa8f4d6be 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https07.drawio +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https07.drawio @@ -200,4 +200,4 @@ - \ No newline at end of file + diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https07.svg b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https07.svg index e409d8871..551354cef 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https07.svg +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https07.svg @@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
someapp.example.com
someapp.example.com
another.example.net
another.example.net
onemore.example.org
onemore.example.org -
IP:
123.124.125.126
IP:...Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1 \ No newline at end of file +
IP:
123.124.125.126
IP:...Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1 diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https08.drawio b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https08.drawio index 8a4f41056..794b192df 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https08.drawio +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https08.drawio @@ -214,4 +214,4 @@ - \ No newline at end of file + diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https08.svg b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https08.svg index 3047dd821..2d4680dcc 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https08.svg +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/deployment/https/https08.svg @@ -59,4 +59,4 @@
someapp.example.com
someapp.example.com
another.example.net
another.example.net
onemore.example.org
onemore.example.org -
IP:
123.124.125.126
IP:...Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1 \ No newline at end of file +
IP:
123.124.125.126
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+++ b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/imgwhale.svg @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ImgWhale + + The ultimate solution to unlimited and forever cloud storage. + + The ultimate solution to unlimited and forever cloud storage. + + + + diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/ines-course.jpg b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/ines-course.jpg new file mode 100644 index 000000000..05158b387 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/ines-course.jpg differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/jina-ai-banner.png b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/jina-ai-banner.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3ac6b44ad Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/jina-ai-banner.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/jina-ai.png b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/jina-ai.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d6b0bfb4e Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/jina-ai.png differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/jina-top-banner.svg 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@@ + + + + + + image/svg+xml + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/talkpython-v2.jpg b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/talkpython-v2.jpg new file mode 100644 index 000000000..adb015248 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/talkpython-v2.jpg differ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/testdriven.svg b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/testdriven.svg index 97741b9e0..6ba2daa3b 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/testdriven.svg +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/sponsors/testdriven.svg @@ -1 +1 @@ - \ No newline at end of file + diff --git a/docs/en/docs/img/tutorial/bigger-applications/package.drawio b/docs/en/docs/img/tutorial/bigger-applications/package.drawio index 48f6e76fe..cab3de2ca 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/img/tutorial/bigger-applications/package.drawio +++ b/docs/en/docs/img/tutorial/bigger-applications/package.drawio @@ -40,4 +40,4 @@ - \ No newline at end of file + diff --git 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Package app
app/__init__.py
Package app...
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Module app.dependencies
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Module app.routers.items...
Module app.routers.users
app/routers/users.py
Module app.routers.users...Viewer does not support full SVG 1.1 \ No newline at end of file +
Package app
app/__init__.py
Package app...
Module app.main
app/main.py
Module app.main...
Module app.dependencies
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Module app.dependencies...
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b/docs/en/docs/index.md index 7de1e50df..3660e74e3 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/index.md @@ -1,3 +1,12 @@ +--- +hide: + - navigation +--- + + +

FastAPI

@@ -8,8 +17,8 @@ Test - - Coverage + + Coverage Package version @@ -27,12 +36,11 @@ --- -FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints. +FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.8+ based on standard Python type hints. The key features are: * **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance). - * **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * * **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. * * **Intuitive**: Great editor support. Completion everywhere. Less time debugging. @@ -100,6 +108,12 @@ The key features are: --- +"_If anyone is looking to build a production Python API, I would highly recommend **FastAPI**. It is **beautifully designed**, **simple to use** and **highly scalable**, it has become a **key component** in our API first development strategy and is driving many automations and services such as our Virtual TAC Engineer._" + + + +--- + ## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs @@ -110,7 +124,7 @@ If you are building a CLI app to be ## Requirements -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.8+ FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: @@ -129,7 +143,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi -You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn. +You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn.
@@ -148,7 +162,7 @@ $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" * Create a file `main.py` with: ```Python -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -161,7 +175,7 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` @@ -171,7 +185,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`: ```Python hl_lines="9 14" -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -184,7 +198,7 @@ async def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` @@ -263,7 +277,7 @@ Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request. Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic. ```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -274,7 +288,7 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str price: float - is_offer: Optional[bool] = None + is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None @app.get("/") @@ -283,7 +297,7 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} @@ -326,7 +340,7 @@ You do that with standard modern Python types. You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc. -Just standard **Python 3.6+**. +Just standard **Python 3.8+**. For example, for an `int`: @@ -425,7 +439,7 @@ For a more complete example including more features, see the Strawberry and other libraries. * Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as: * **WebSockets** - * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest` + * extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and `pytest` * **CORS** * **Cookie Sessions** * ...and more. @@ -440,12 +454,13 @@ To understand more about it, see the section ujson - for faster JSON "parsing". * email_validator - for email validation. +* pydantic-settings - for settings management. +* pydantic-extra-types - for extra types to be used with Pydantic. Used by Starlette: -* requests - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. +* httpx - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. * jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. * python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with `request.form()`. * itsdangerous - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/js/chat.js b/docs/en/docs/js/chat.js deleted file mode 100644 index debdef4da..000000000 --- a/docs/en/docs/js/chat.js +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -((window.gitter = {}).chat = {}).options = { - room: 'tiangolo/fastapi' -}; diff --git a/docs/en/docs/js/termynal.js b/docs/en/docs/js/termynal.js index 8b0e9339e..4ac32708a 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/js/termynal.js +++ b/docs/en/docs/js/termynal.js @@ -72,14 +72,14 @@ class Termynal { * Initialise the widget, get lines, clear container and start animation. */ init() { - /** + /** * Calculates width and height of Termynal container. * If container is empty and lines are dynamically loaded, defaults to browser `auto` or CSS. - */ + */ const containerStyle = getComputedStyle(this.container); - this.container.style.width = containerStyle.width !== '0px' ? + this.container.style.width = containerStyle.width !== '0px' ? containerStyle.width : undefined; - this.container.style.minHeight = containerStyle.height !== '0px' ? + this.container.style.minHeight = containerStyle.height !== '0px' ? containerStyle.height : undefined; this.container.setAttribute('data-termynal', ''); @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class Termynal { restart.innerHTML = "restart ↻" return restart } - + generateFinish() { const finish = document.createElement('a') finish.onclick = (e) => { @@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ class Termynal { /** * Converts line data objects into line elements. - * + * * @param {Object[]} lineData - Dynamically loaded lines. * @param {Object} line - Line data object. * @returns {Element[]} - Array of line elements. @@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ class Termynal { /** * Helper function for generating attributes string. - * + * * @param {Object} line - Line data object. * @returns {string} - String of attributes. */ diff --git a/docs/en/docs/learn/index.md b/docs/en/docs/learn/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d056fb320 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/learn/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# Learn + +Here are the introductory sections and the tutorials to learn **FastAPI**. + +You could consider this a **book**, a **course**, the **official** and recommended way to learn FastAPI. 😎 diff --git a/docs/en/docs/newsletter.md b/docs/en/docs/newsletter.md index 6403f31e6..782db1353 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/newsletter.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/newsletter.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ # FastAPI and friends newsletter - + - + diff --git a/docs/en/docs/project-generation.md b/docs/en/docs/project-generation.md index 2f3d6c1d3..8ba34fa11 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/project-generation.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/project-generation.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Project Generation - Template -You can use a project generator to get started, as it includes a lot of the initial set up, security, database and first API endpoints already done for you. +You can use a project generator to get started, as it includes a lot of the initial set up, security, database and some API endpoints already done for you. A project generator will always have a very opinionated setup that you should update and adapt for your own needs, but it might be a good starting point for your project. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/python-types.md b/docs/en/docs/python-types.md index 9bbf955b9..cdd22ea4a 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/python-types.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/python-types.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ # Python Types Intro -Python has support for optional "type hints". +Python has support for optional "type hints" (also called "type annotations"). -These **"type hints"** are a special syntax that allow declaring the type of a variable. +These **"type hints"** or annotations are a special syntax that allow declaring the type of a variable. By declaring types for your variables, editors and tools can give you better support. @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Calling this program outputs: John Doe ``` -The function does the following: +The function does the following: * Takes a `first_name` and `last_name`. * Converts the first letter of each one to upper case with `title()`. @@ -148,37 +148,68 @@ You can use, for example: There are some data structures that can contain other values, like `dict`, `list`, `set` and `tuple`. And the internal values can have their own type too. -To declare those types and the internal types, you can use the standard Python module `typing`. +These types that have internal types are called "**generic**" types. And it's possible to declare them, even with their internal types. -It exists specifically to support these type hints. +To declare those types and the internal types, you can use the standard Python module `typing`. It exists specifically to support these type hints. -#### `List` +#### Newer versions of Python + +The syntax using `typing` is **compatible** with all versions, from Python 3.6 to the latest ones, including Python 3.9, Python 3.10, etc. + +As Python advances, **newer versions** come with improved support for these type annotations and in many cases you won't even need to import and use the `typing` module to declare the type annotations. + +If you can choose a more recent version of Python for your project, you will be able to take advantage of that extra simplicity. + +In all the docs there are examples compatible with each version of Python (when there's a difference). + +For example "**Python 3.6+**" means it's compatible with Python 3.6 or above (including 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, etc). And "**Python 3.9+**" means it's compatible with Python 3.9 or above (including 3.10, etc). + +If you can use the **latest versions of Python**, use the examples for the latest version, those will have the **best and simplest syntax**, for example, "**Python 3.10+**". + +#### List For example, let's define a variable to be a `list` of `str`. -From `typing`, import `List` (with a capital `L`): +=== "Python 3.9+" -```Python hl_lines="1" -{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!} -``` + Declare the variable, with the same colon (`:`) syntax. -Declare the variable, with the same colon (`:`) syntax. + As the type, put `list`. -As the type, put the `List`. + As the list is a type that contains some internal types, you put them in square brackets: -As the list is a type that contains some internal types, you put them in square brackets: + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006_py39.py!} + ``` -```Python hl_lines="4" -{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.8+" -!!! tip + From `typing`, import `List` (with a capital `L`): + + ``` Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + + Declare the variable, with the same colon (`:`) syntax. + + As the type, put the `List` that you imported from `typing`. + + As the list is a type that contains some internal types, you put them in square brackets: + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + +!!! info Those internal types in the square brackets are called "type parameters". - In this case, `str` is the type parameter passed to `List`. + In this case, `str` is the type parameter passed to `List` (or `list` in Python 3.9 and above). That means: "the variable `items` is a `list`, and each of the items in this list is a `str`". +!!! tip + If you use Python 3.9 or above, you don't have to import `List` from `typing`, you can use the same regular `list` type instead. + By doing that, your editor can provide support even while processing items from the list: @@ -189,20 +220,28 @@ Notice that the variable `item` is one of the elements in the list `items`. And still, the editor knows it is a `str`, and provides support for that. -#### `Tuple` and `Set` +#### Tuple and Set You would do the same to declare `tuple`s and `set`s: -```Python hl_lines="1 4" -{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial007.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial007_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial007.py!} + ``` This means: * The variable `items_t` is a `tuple` with 3 items, an `int`, another `int`, and a `str`. * The variable `items_s` is a `set`, and each of its items is of type `bytes`. -#### `Dict` +#### Dict To define a `dict`, you pass 2 type parameters, separated by commas. @@ -210,9 +249,17 @@ The first type parameter is for the keys of the `dict`. The second type parameter is for the values of the `dict`: -```Python hl_lines="1 4" -{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008.py!} + ``` This means: @@ -220,9 +267,33 @@ This means: * The keys of this `dict` are of type `str` (let's say, the name of each item). * The values of this `dict` are of type `float` (let's say, the price of each item). -#### `Optional` +#### Union -You can also use `Optional` to declare that a variable has a type, like `str`, but that it is "optional", which means that it could also be `None`: +You can declare that a variable can be any of **several types**, for example, an `int` or a `str`. + +In Python 3.6 and above (including Python 3.10) you can use the `Union` type from `typing` and put inside the square brackets the possible types to accept. + +In Python 3.10 there's also a **new syntax** where you can put the possible types separated by a vertical bar (`|`). + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008b_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008b.py!} + ``` + +In both cases this means that `item` could be an `int` or a `str`. + +#### Possibly `None` + +You can declare that a value could have a type, like `str`, but that it could also be `None`. + +In Python 3.6 and above (including Python 3.10) you can declare it by importing and using `Optional` from the `typing` module. ```Python hl_lines="1 4" {!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!} @@ -230,18 +301,112 @@ You can also use `Optional` to declare that a variable has a type, like `str`, b Using `Optional[str]` instead of just `str` will let the editor help you detecting errors where you could be assuming that a value is always a `str`, when it could actually be `None` too. +`Optional[Something]` is actually a shortcut for `Union[Something, None]`, they are equivalent. + +This also means that in Python 3.10, you can use `Something | None`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ alternative" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009b.py!} + ``` + +#### Using `Union` or `Optional` + +If you are using a Python version below 3.10, here's a tip from my very **subjective** point of view: + +* 🚨 Avoid using `Optional[SomeType]` +* Instead ✨ **use `Union[SomeType, None]`** ✨. + +Both are equivalent and underneath they are the same, but I would recommend `Union` instead of `Optional` because the word "**optional**" would seem to imply that the value is optional, and it actually means "it can be `None`", even if it's not optional and is still required. + +I think `Union[SomeType, None]` is more explicit about what it means. + +It's just about the words and names. But those words can affect how you and your teammates think about the code. + +As an example, let's take this function: + +```Python hl_lines="1 4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009c.py!} +``` + +The parameter `name` is defined as `Optional[str]`, but it is **not optional**, you cannot call the function without the parameter: + +```Python +say_hi() # Oh, no, this throws an error! 😱 +``` + +The `name` parameter is **still required** (not *optional*) because it doesn't have a default value. Still, `name` accepts `None` as the value: + +```Python +say_hi(name=None) # This works, None is valid 🎉 +``` + +The good news is, once you are on Python 3.10 you won't have to worry about that, as you will be able to simply use `|` to define unions of types: + +```Python hl_lines="1 4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009c_py310.py!} +``` + +And then you won't have to worry about names like `Optional` and `Union`. 😎 + #### Generic types -These types that take type parameters in square brackets, like: +These types that take type parameters in square brackets are called **Generic types** or **Generics**, for example: -* `List` -* `Tuple` -* `Set` -* `Dict` -* `Optional` -* ...and others. +=== "Python 3.10+" -are called **Generic types** or **Generics**. + You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brackets and types inside): + + * `list` + * `tuple` + * `set` + * `dict` + + And the same as with Python 3.8, from the `typing` module: + + * `Union` + * `Optional` (the same as with Python 3.8) + * ...and others. + + In Python 3.10, as an alternative to using the generics `Union` and `Optional`, you can use the vertical bar (`|`) to declare unions of types, that's a lot better and simpler. + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brackets and types inside): + + * `list` + * `tuple` + * `set` + * `dict` + + And the same as with Python 3.8, from the `typing` module: + + * `Union` + * `Optional` + * ...and others. + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + * `List` + * `Tuple` + * `Set` + * `Dict` + * `Union` + * `Optional` + * ...and others. ### Classes as types @@ -263,6 +428,10 @@ And then, again, you get all the editor support: +Notice that this means "`one_person` is an **instance** of the class `Person`". + +It doesn't mean "`one_person` is the **class** called `Person`". + ## Pydantic models Pydantic is a Python library to perform data validation. @@ -275,11 +444,25 @@ Then you create an instance of that class with some values and it will validate And you get all the editor support with that resulting object. -Taken from the official Pydantic docs: +An example from the official Pydantic docs: -```Python -{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011.py!} + ``` !!! info To learn more about Pydantic, check its docs. @@ -288,6 +471,46 @@ Taken from the official Pydantic docs: You will see a lot more of all this in practice in the [Tutorial - User Guide](tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. +!!! tip + Pydantic has a special behavior when you use `Optional` or `Union[Something, None]` without a default value, you can read more about it in the Pydantic docs about Required Optional fields. + +## Type Hints with Metadata Annotations + +Python also has a feature that allows putting **additional metadata** in these type hints using `Annotated`. + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + In Python 3.9, `Annotated` is part of the standard library, so you can import it from `typing`. + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial013_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + In versions below Python 3.9, you import `Annotated` from `typing_extensions`. + + It will already be installed with **FastAPI**. + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial013.py!} + ``` + +Python itself doesn't do anything with this `Annotated`. And for editors and other tools, the type is still `str`. + +But you can use this space in `Annotated` to provide **FastAPI** with additional metadata about how you want your application to behave. + +The important thing to remember is that **the first *type parameter*** you pass to `Annotated` is the **actual type**. The rest, is just metadata for other tools. + +For now, you just need to know that `Annotated` exists, and that it's standard Python. 😎 + +Later you will see how **powerful** it can be. + +!!! tip + The fact that this is **standard Python** means that you will still get the **best possible developer experience** in your editor, with the tools you use to analyze and refactor your code, etc. ✨ + + And also that your code will be very compatible with many other Python tools and libraries. 🚀 + ## Type hints in **FastAPI** **FastAPI** takes advantage of these type hints to do several things. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/apirouter.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/apirouter.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b779ad291 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/apirouter.md @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +# `APIRouter` class + +Here's the reference information for the `APIRouter` class, with all its parameters, +attributes and methods. + +You can import the `APIRouter` class directly from `fastapi`: + +```python +from fastapi import APIRouter +``` + +::: fastapi.APIRouter + options: + members: + - websocket + - include_router + - get + - put + - post + - delete + - options + - head + - patch + - trace + - on_event diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/background.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/background.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e0c0be899 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/background.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# Background Tasks - `BackgroundTasks` + +You can declare a parameter in a *path operation function* or dependency function +with the type `BackgroundTasks`, and then you can use it to schedule the execution +of background tasks after the response is sent. + +You can import it directly from `fastapi`: + +```python +from fastapi import BackgroundTasks +``` + +::: fastapi.BackgroundTasks diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/dependencies.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/dependencies.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..099968267 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/dependencies.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# Dependencies - `Depends()` and `Security()` + +## `Depends()` + +Dependencies are handled mainly with the special function `Depends()` that takes a +callable. + +Here is the reference for it and its parameters. + +You can import it directly from `fastapi`: + +```python +from fastapi import Depends +``` + +::: fastapi.Depends + +## `Security()` + +For many scenarios, you can handle security (authorization, authentication, etc.) with +dependencies, using `Depends()`. + +But when you want to also declare OAuth2 scopes, you can use `Security()` instead of +`Depends()`. + +You can import `Security()` directly from `fastapi`: + +```python +from fastapi import Security +``` + +::: fastapi.Security diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/encoders.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/encoders.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..28df2e43a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/encoders.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Encoders - `jsonable_encoder` + +::: fastapi.encoders.jsonable_encoder diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/exceptions.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/exceptions.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7c4808349 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/exceptions.md @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +# Exceptions - `HTTPException` and `WebSocketException` + +These are the exceptions that you can raise to show errors to the client. + +When you raise an exception, as would happen with normal Python, the rest of the +execution is aborted. This way you can raise these exceptions from anywhere in the +code to abort a request and show the error to the client. + +You can use: + +* `HTTPException` +* `WebSocketException` + +These exceptions can be imported directly from `fastapi`: + +```python +from fastapi import HTTPException, WebSocketException +``` + +::: fastapi.HTTPException + +::: fastapi.WebSocketException diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/fastapi.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/fastapi.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8b87664cb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/fastapi.md @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +# `FastAPI` class + +Here's the reference information for the `FastAPI` class, with all its parameters, +attributes and methods. + +You can import the `FastAPI` class directly from `fastapi`: + +```python +from fastapi import FastAPI +``` + +::: fastapi.FastAPI + options: + members: + - openapi_version + - webhooks + - state + - dependency_overrides + - openapi + - websocket + - include_router + - get + - put + - post + - delete + - options + - head + - patch + - trace + - on_event + - middleware + - exception_handler diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/httpconnection.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/httpconnection.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..43dfc46f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/httpconnection.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# `HTTPConnection` class + +When you want to define dependencies that should be compatible with both HTTP and +WebSockets, you can define a parameter that takes an `HTTPConnection` instead of a +`Request` or a `WebSocket`. + +You can import it from `fastapi.requests`: + +```python +from fastapi.requests import HTTPConnection +``` + +::: fastapi.requests.HTTPConnection diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/index.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..512d5c25c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# Reference - Code API + +Here's the reference or code API, the classes, functions, parameters, attributes, and +all the FastAPI parts you can use in your applications. + +If you want to **learn FastAPI** you are much better off reading the +[FastAPI Tutorial](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/). diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/middleware.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/middleware.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..89704d3c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/middleware.md @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +# Middleware + +There are several middlewares available provided by Starlette directly. + +Read more about them in the +[FastAPI docs for Middleware](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/middleware/). + +::: fastapi.middleware.cors.CORSMiddleware + +It can be imported from `fastapi`: + +```python +from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware +``` + +::: fastapi.middleware.gzip.GZipMiddleware + +It can be imported from `fastapi`: + +```python +from fastapi.middleware.gzip import GZipMiddleware +``` + +::: fastapi.middleware.httpsredirect.HTTPSRedirectMiddleware + +It can be imported from `fastapi`: + +```python +from fastapi.middleware.httpsredirect import HTTPSRedirectMiddleware +``` + +::: fastapi.middleware.trustedhost.TrustedHostMiddleware + +It can be imported from `fastapi`: + +```python +from fastapi.middleware.trustedhost import TrustedHostMiddleware +``` + +::: fastapi.middleware.wsgi.WSGIMiddleware + +It can be imported from `fastapi`: + +```python +from fastapi.middleware.wsgi import WSGIMiddleware +``` diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/openapi/docs.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/openapi/docs.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ab620833e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/openapi/docs.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# OpenAPI `docs` + +Utilities to handle OpenAPI automatic UI documentation, including Swagger UI (by default at `/docs`) and ReDoc (by default at `/redoc`). + +::: fastapi.openapi.docs.get_swagger_ui_html + +::: fastapi.openapi.docs.get_redoc_html + +::: fastapi.openapi.docs.get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html + +::: fastapi.openapi.docs.swagger_ui_default_parameters diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/openapi/index.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/openapi/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2b313f15 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/openapi/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# OpenAPI + +There are several utilities to handle OpenAPI. + +You normally don't need to use them unless you have a specific advanced use case that requires it. diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/openapi/models.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/openapi/models.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a6b0770e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/openapi/models.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# OpenAPI `models` + +OpenAPI Pydantic models used to generate and validate the generated OpenAPI. + +::: fastapi.openapi.models diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/parameters.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/parameters.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f77f0161 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/parameters.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +# Request Parameters + +Here's the reference information for the request parameters. + +These are the special functions that you can put in *path operation function* +parameters or dependency functions with `Annotated` to get data from the request. + +It includes: + +* `Query()` +* `Path()` +* `Body()` +* `Cookie()` +* `Header()` +* `Form()` +* `File()` + +You can import them all directly from `fastapi`: + +```python +from fastapi import Body, Cookie, File, Form, Header, Path, Query +``` + +::: fastapi.Query + +::: fastapi.Path + +::: fastapi.Body + +::: fastapi.Cookie + +::: fastapi.Header + +::: fastapi.Form + +::: fastapi.File diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/request.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/request.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..91ec7d37b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/request.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# `Request` class + +You can declare a parameter in a *path operation function* or dependency to be of type +`Request` and then you can access the raw request object directly, without any +validation, etc. + +You can import it directly from `fastapi`: + +```python +from fastapi import Request +``` + +!!! tip + When you want to define dependencies that should be compatible with both HTTP and + WebSockets, you can define a parameter that takes an `HTTPConnection` instead of a + `Request` or a `WebSocket`. + +::: fastapi.Request diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/response.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/response.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..916254583 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/response.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# `Response` class + +You can declare a parameter in a *path operation function* or dependency to be of type +`Response` and then you can set data for the response like headers or cookies. + +You can also use it directly to create an instance of it and return it from your *path +operations*. + +You can import it directly from `fastapi`: + +```python +from fastapi import Response +``` + +::: fastapi.Response diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/responses.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/responses.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2cbbd8963 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/responses.md @@ -0,0 +1,166 @@ +# Custom Response Classes - File, HTML, Redirect, Streaming, etc. + +There are several custom response classes you can use to create an instance and return +them directly from your *path operations*. + +Read more about it in the +[FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/). + +You can import them directly from `fastapi.responses`: + +```python +from fastapi.responses import ( + FileResponse, + HTMLResponse, + JSONResponse, + ORJSONResponse, + PlainTextResponse, + RedirectResponse, + Response, + StreamingResponse, + UJSONResponse, +) +``` + +## FastAPI Responses + +There are a couple of custom FastAPI response classes, you can use them to optimize JSON performance. + +::: fastapi.responses.UJSONResponse + options: + members: + - charset + - status_code + - media_type + - body + - background + - raw_headers + - render + - init_headers + - headers + - set_cookie + - delete_cookie + +::: fastapi.responses.ORJSONResponse + options: + members: + - charset + - status_code + - media_type + - body + - background + - raw_headers + - render + - init_headers + - headers + - set_cookie + - delete_cookie + +## Starlette Responses + +::: fastapi.responses.FileResponse + options: + members: + - chunk_size + - charset + - status_code + - media_type + - body + - background + - raw_headers + - render + - init_headers + - headers + - set_cookie + - delete_cookie + +::: fastapi.responses.HTMLResponse + options: + members: + - charset + - status_code + - media_type + - body + - background + - raw_headers + - render + - init_headers + - headers + - set_cookie + - delete_cookie + +::: fastapi.responses.JSONResponse + options: + members: + - charset + - status_code + - media_type + - body + - background + - raw_headers + - render + - init_headers + - headers + - set_cookie + - delete_cookie + +::: fastapi.responses.PlainTextResponse + options: + members: + - charset + - status_code + - media_type + - body + - background + - raw_headers + - render + - init_headers + - headers + - set_cookie + - delete_cookie + +::: fastapi.responses.RedirectResponse + options: + members: + - charset + - status_code + - media_type + - body + - background + - raw_headers + - render + - init_headers + - headers + - set_cookie + - delete_cookie + +::: fastapi.responses.Response + options: + members: + - charset + - status_code + - media_type + - body + - background + - raw_headers + - render + - init_headers + - headers + - set_cookie + - delete_cookie + +::: fastapi.responses.StreamingResponse + options: + members: + - body_iterator + - charset + - status_code + - media_type + - body + - background + - raw_headers + - render + - init_headers + - headers + - set_cookie + - delete_cookie diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/security/index.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/security/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ff86e9e30 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/security/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +# Security Tools + +When you need to declare dependencies with OAuth2 scopes you use `Security()`. + +But you still need to define what is the dependable, the callable that you pass as +a parameter to `Depends()` or `Security()`. + +There are multiple tools that you can use to create those dependables, and they get +integrated into OpenAPI so they are shown in the automatic docs UI, they can be used +by automatically generated clients and SDKs, etc. + +You can import them from `fastapi.security`: + +```python +from fastapi.security import ( + APIKeyCookie, + APIKeyHeader, + APIKeyQuery, + HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, + HTTPBasic, + HTTPBasicCredentials, + HTTPBearer, + HTTPDigest, + OAuth2, + OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer, + OAuth2PasswordBearer, + OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, + OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict, + OpenIdConnect, + SecurityScopes, +) +``` + +## API Key Security Schemes + +::: fastapi.security.APIKeyCookie + +::: fastapi.security.APIKeyHeader + +::: fastapi.security.APIKeyQuery + +## HTTP Authentication Schemes + +::: fastapi.security.HTTPBasic + +::: fastapi.security.HTTPBearer + +::: fastapi.security.HTTPDigest + +## HTTP Credentials + +::: fastapi.security.HTTPAuthorizationCredentials + +::: fastapi.security.HTTPBasicCredentials + +## OAuth2 Authentication + +::: fastapi.security.OAuth2 + +::: fastapi.security.OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer + +::: fastapi.security.OAuth2PasswordBearer + +## OAuth2 Password Form + +::: fastapi.security.OAuth2PasswordRequestForm + +::: fastapi.security.OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict + +## OAuth2 Security Scopes in Dependencies + +::: fastapi.security.SecurityScopes + +## OpenID Connect + +::: fastapi.security.OpenIdConnect diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/staticfiles.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/staticfiles.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce66f17b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/staticfiles.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Static Files - `StaticFiles` + +You can use the `StaticFiles` class to serve static files, like JavaScript, CSS, images, etc. + +Read more about it in the +[FastAPI docs for Static Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/static-files/). + +You can import it directly from `fastapi.staticfiles`: + +```python +from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles +``` + +::: fastapi.staticfiles.StaticFiles diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/status.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/status.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a23800792 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/status.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +# Status Codes + +You can import the `status` module from `fastapi`: + +```python +from fastapi import status +``` + +`status` is provided directly by Starlette. + +It contains a group of named constants (variables) with integer status codes. + +For example: + +* 200: `status.HTTP_200_OK` +* 403: `status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN` +* etc. + +It can be convenient to quickly access HTTP (and WebSocket) status codes in your app, +using autocompletion for the name without having to remember the integer status codes +by memory. + +Read more about it in the +[FastAPI docs about Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/). + +## Example + +```python +from fastapi import FastAPI, status + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/", status_code=status.HTTP_418_IM_A_TEAPOT) +def read_items(): + return [{"name": "Plumbus"}, {"name": "Portal Gun"}] +``` + +::: fastapi.status diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/templating.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/templating.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c865badfc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/templating.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Templating - `Jinja2Templates` + +You can use the `Jinja2Templates` class to render Jinja templates. + +Read more about it in the +[FastAPI docs for Templates](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/templates/). + +You can import it directly from `fastapi.templating`: + +```python +from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates +``` + +::: fastapi.templating.Jinja2Templates diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/testclient.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/testclient.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e391d964a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/testclient.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# Test Client - `TestClient` + +You can use the `TestClient` class to test FastAPI applications without creating an actual HTTP and socket connection, just communicating directly with the FastAPI code. + +Read more about it in the +[FastAPI docs for Testing](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/). + +You can import it directly from `fastapi.testclient`: + +```python +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient +``` + +::: fastapi.testclient.TestClient diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/uploadfile.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/uploadfile.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..45c644b18 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/uploadfile.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# `UploadFile` class + +You can define *path operation function* parameters to be of the type `UploadFile` +to receive files from the request. + +You can import it directly from `fastapi`: + +```python +from fastapi import UploadFile +``` + +::: fastapi.UploadFile + options: + members: + - file + - filename + - size + - headers + - content_type + - read + - write + - seek + - close diff --git a/docs/en/docs/reference/websockets.md b/docs/en/docs/reference/websockets.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2a0469467 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/docs/reference/websockets.md @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +# WebSockets + +When defining WebSockets, you normally declare a parameter of type `WebSocket` and +with it you can read data from the client and send data to it. + +It is provided directly by Starlette, but you can import it from `fastapi`: + +```python +from fastapi import WebSocket +``` + +!!! tip + When you want to define dependencies that should be compatible with both HTTP and + WebSockets, you can define a parameter that takes an `HTTPConnection` instead of a + `Request` or a `WebSocket`. + +::: fastapi.WebSocket + options: + members: + - scope + - app + - url + - base_url + - headers + - query_params + - path_params + - cookies + - client + - state + - url_for + - client_state + - application_state + - receive + - send + - accept + - receive_text + - receive_bytes + - receive_json + - iter_text + - iter_bytes + - iter_json + - send_text + - send_bytes + - send_json + - close + +When a client disconnects, a `WebSocketDisconnect` exception is raised, you can catch +it. + +You can import it directly form `fastapi`: + +```python +from fastapi import WebSocketDisconnect +``` + +::: fastapi.WebSocketDisconnect + +## WebSockets - additional classes + +Additional classes for handling WebSockets. + +Provided directly by Starlette, but you can import it from `fastapi`: + +```python +from fastapi.websockets import WebSocketDisconnect, WebSocketState +``` + +::: fastapi.websockets.WebSocketDisconnect + +::: fastapi.websockets.WebSocketState diff --git a/docs/en/docs/release-notes.md b/docs/en/docs/release-notes.md index 31953a786..5ce56a3ac 100644 --- a/docs/en/docs/release-notes.md +++ b/docs/en/docs/release-notes.md @@ -1,7 +1,2196 @@ +--- +hide: + - navigation +--- + # Release Notes ## Latest Changes +### Docs + +* ✏️ Fix minor typo in `fastapi/applications.py`. PR [#11099](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11099) by [@JacobHayes](https://github.com/JacobHayes). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Spanish translation for `docs/es/docs/advanced/response-change-status-code.md`. PR [#11100](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11100) by [@alejsdev](https://github.com/alejsdev). + +## 0.109.2 + +### Upgrades + +* ⬆️ Upgrade version of Starlette to `>= 0.36.3`. PR [#11086](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11086) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Update Turkish translation for `docs/tr/docs/fastapi-people.md`. PR [#10547](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10547) by [@alperiox](https://github.com/alperiox). + +### Internal + +* 🍱 Add new FastAPI logo. PR [#11090](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11090) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.109.1 + +### Security fixes + +* ⬆️ Upgrade minimum version of `python-multipart` to `>=0.0.7` to fix a vulnerability when using form data with a ReDos attack. You can also simply upgrade `python-multipart`. + +Read more in the [advisory: Content-Type Header ReDoS](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/security/advisories/GHSA-qf9m-vfgh-m389). + +### Features + +* ✨ Include HTTP 205 in status codes with no body. PR [#10969](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10969) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Refactors + +* ✅ Refactor tests for duplicate operation ID generation for compatibility with other tools running the FastAPI test suite. PR [#10876](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10876) by [@emmettbutler](https://github.com/emmettbutler). +* ♻️ Simplify string format with f-strings in `fastapi/utils.py`. PR [#10576](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10576) by [@eukub](https://github.com/eukub). +* 🔧 Fix Ruff configuration unintentionally enabling and re-disabling mccabe complexity check. PR [#10893](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10893) by [@jiridanek](https://github.com/jiridanek). +* ✅ Re-enable test in `tests/test_tutorial/test_header_params/test_tutorial003.py` after fix in Starlette. PR [#10904](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10904) by [@ooknimm](https://github.com/ooknimm). + +### Docs + +* 📝 Tweak wording in `help-fastapi.md`. PR [#11040](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11040) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 📝 Tweak docs for Behind a Proxy. PR [#11038](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11038) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 📝 Add External Link: 10 Tips for adding SQLAlchemy to FastAPI. PR [#11036](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11036) by [@Donnype](https://github.com/Donnype). +* 📝 Add External Link: Tips on migrating from Flask to FastAPI and vice-versa. PR [#11029](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11029) by [@jtemporal](https://github.com/jtemporal). +* 📝 Deprecate old tutorials: Peewee, Couchbase, encode/databases. PR [#10979](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10979) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ✏️ Fix typo in `fastapi/security/oauth2.py`. PR [#10972](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10972) by [@RafalSkolasinski](https://github.com/RafalSkolasinski). +* 📝 Update `HTTPException` details in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md`. PR [#5418](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5418) by [@papb](https://github.com/papb). +* ✏️ A few tweaks in `docs/de/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md`. PR [#10959](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10959) by [@nilslindemann](https://github.com/nilslindemann). +* ✏️ Fix link in `docs/en/docs/advanced/async-tests.md`. PR [#10960](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10960) by [@nilslindemann](https://github.com/nilslindemann). +* ✏️ Fix typos for Spanish documentation. PR [#10957](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10957) by [@jlopezlira](https://github.com/jlopezlira). +* 📝 Add warning about lifespan functions and backwards compatibility with events. PR [#10734](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10734) by [@jacob-indigo](https://github.com/jacob-indigo). +* ✏️ Fix broken link in `docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md` in several languages. PR [#10716](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10716) by [@theoohoho](https://github.com/theoohoho). +* ✏️ Remove broken links from `external_links.yml`. PR [#10943](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10943) by [@Torabek](https://github.com/Torabek). +* 📝 Update template docs with more info about `url_for`. PR [#5937](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5937) by [@EzzEddin](https://github.com/EzzEddin). +* 📝 Update usage of Token model in security docs. PR [#9313](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9313) by [@piotrszacilowski](https://github.com/piotrszacilowski). +* ✏️ Update highlighted line in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/bigger-applications.md`. PR [#5490](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5490) by [@papb](https://github.com/papb). +* 📝 Add External Link: Explore How to Effectively Use JWT With FastAPI. PR [#10212](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10212) by [@aanchlia](https://github.com/aanchlia). +* 📝 Add hyperlink to `docs/en/docs/tutorial/static-files.md`. PR [#10243](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10243) by [@hungtsetse](https://github.com/hungtsetse). +* 📝 Add External Link: Instrument a FastAPI service adding tracing with OpenTelemetry and send/show traces in Grafana Tempo. PR [#9440](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9440) by [@softwarebloat](https://github.com/softwarebloat). +* 📝 Review and rewording of `en/docs/contributing.md`. PR [#10480](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10480) by [@nilslindemann](https://github.com/nilslindemann). +* 📝 Add External Link: ML serving and monitoring with FastAPI and Evidently. PR [#9701](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9701) by [@mnrozhkov](https://github.com/mnrozhkov). +* 📝 Reword in docs, from "have in mind" to "keep in mind". PR [#10376](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10376) by [@malicious](https://github.com/malicious). +* 📝 Add External Link: Talk by Jeny Sadadia. PR [#10265](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10265) by [@JenySadadia](https://github.com/JenySadadia). +* 📝 Add location info to `tutorial/bigger-applications.md`. PR [#10552](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10552) by [@nilslindemann](https://github.com/nilslindemann). +* ✏️ Fix Pydantic method name in `docs/en/docs/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md`. PR [#10826](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10826) by [@ahmedabdou14](https://github.com/ahmedabdou14). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Spanish translation for `docs/es/docs/external-links.md`. PR [#10933](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10933) by [@pablocm83](https://github.com/pablocm83). +* 🌐 Update Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md`, `docs/ko/docs/tutorial/index.md`, `docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-params.md`, and `docs/ko/docs/tutorial/query-params.md`. PR [#4218](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4218) by [@SnowSuno](https://github.com/SnowSuno). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md`. PR [#10870](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10870) by [@zhiquanchi](https://github.com/zhiquanchi). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/deployment/concepts.md`. PR [#10282](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10282) by [@xzmeng](https://github.com/xzmeng). +* 🌐 Add Azerbaijani translation for `docs/az/docs/index.md`. PR [#11047](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11047) by [@aykhans](https://github.com/aykhans). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/tutorial/middleware.md`. PR [#2829](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2829) by [@JeongHyeongKim](https://github.com/JeongHyeongKim). +* 🌐 Add German translation for `docs/de/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md`. PR [#10313](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10313) by [@nilslindemann](https://github.com/nilslindemann). +* 🌐 Add Persian translation for `docs/fa/docs/tutorial/middleware.md`. PR [#9695](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9695) by [@mojtabapaso](https://github.com/mojtabapaso). +* 🌐 Update Farsi translation for `docs/fa/docs/index.md`. PR [#10216](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10216) by [@theonlykingpin](https://github.com/theonlykingpin). +* 🌐 Add German translation for `docs/de/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md`. PR [#10310](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10310) by [@nilslindemann](https://github.com/nilslindemann). +* 🌐 Add German translation for `docs/de/docs/tutorial/body.md`. PR [#10295](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10295) by [@nilslindemann](https://github.com/nilslindemann). +* 🌐 Add German translation for `docs/de/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md`. PR [#10308](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10308) by [@nilslindemann](https://github.com/nilslindemann). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/tutorial/security/get-current-user.md`. PR [#2681](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2681) by [@sh0nk](https://github.com/sh0nk). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/advanced/advanced-dependencies.md`. PR [#3798](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3798) by [@jaystone776](https://github.com/jaystone776). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/advanced/events.md`. PR [#3815](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3815) by [@jaystone776](https://github.com/jaystone776). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/advanced/behind-a-proxy.md`. PR [#3820](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3820) by [@jaystone776](https://github.com/jaystone776). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/advanced/testing-events.md`. PR [#3818](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3818) by [@jaystone776](https://github.com/jaystone776). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/advanced/testing-websockets.md`. PR [#3817](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3817) by [@jaystone776](https://github.com/jaystone776). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/advanced/testing-database.md`. PR [#3821](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3821) by [@jaystone776](https://github.com/jaystone776). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/deployment/deta.md`. PR [#3837](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3837) by [@jaystone776](https://github.com/jaystone776). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/history-design-future.md`. PR [#3832](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3832) by [@jaystone776](https://github.com/jaystone776). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/project-generation.md`. PR [#3831](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3831) by [@jaystone776](https://github.com/jaystone776). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/deployment/docker.md`. PR [#10296](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10296) by [@xzmeng](https://github.com/xzmeng). +* 🌐 Update Spanish translation for `docs/es/docs/features.md`. PR [#10884](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10884) by [@pablocm83](https://github.com/pablocm83). +* 🌐 Add Spanish translation for `docs/es/docs/newsletter.md`. PR [#10922](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10922) by [@pablocm83](https://github.com/pablocm83). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md`. PR [#5910](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5910) by [@junah201](https://github.com/junah201). +* :globe_with_meridians: Add Turkish translation for `docs/tr/docs/alternatives.md`. PR [#10502](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10502) by [@alperiox](https://github.com/alperiox). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/tutorial/dependencies/index.md`. PR [#10989](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10989) by [@KaniKim](https://github.com/KaniKim). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/body.md`. PR [#11000](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11000) by [@KaniKim](https://github.com/KaniKim). +* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md`. PR [#4065](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4065) by [@luccasmmg](https://github.com/luccasmmg). +* 🌐 Add Turkish translation for `docs/tr/docs/history-design-future.md`. PR [#11012](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11012) by [@hasansezertasan](https://github.com/hasansezertasan). +* 🌐 Add Turkish translation for `docs/tr/docs/resources/index.md`. PR [#11020](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11020) by [@hasansezertasan](https://github.com/hasansezertasan). +* 🌐 Add Turkish translation for `docs/tr/docs/how-to/index.md`. PR [#11021](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11021) by [@hasansezertasan](https://github.com/hasansezertasan). +* 🌐 Add German translation for `docs/de/docs/tutorial/query-params.md`. PR [#10293](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10293) by [@nilslindemann](https://github.com/nilslindemann). +* 🌐 Add German translation for `docs/de/docs/benchmarks.md`. PR [#10866](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10866) by [@nilslindemann](https://github.com/nilslindemann). +* 🌐 Add Turkish translation for `docs/tr/docs/learn/index.md`. PR [#11014](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11014) by [@hasansezertasan](https://github.com/hasansezertasan). +* 🌐 Add Persian translation for `docs/fa/docs/tutorial/security/index.md`. PR [#9945](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9945) by [@mojtabapaso](https://github.com/mojtabapaso). +* 🌐 Add Turkish translation for `docs/tr/docs/help/index.md`. PR [#11013](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11013) by [@hasansezertasan](https://github.com/hasansezertasan). +* 🌐 Add Turkish translation for `docs/tr/docs/about/index.md`. PR [#11006](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11006) by [@hasansezertasan](https://github.com/hasansezertasan). +* 🌐 Update Turkish translation for `docs/tr/docs/benchmarks.md`. PR [#11005](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11005) by [@hasansezertasan](https://github.com/hasansezertasan). +* 🌐 Add Italian translation for `docs/it/docs/index.md`. PR [#5233](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5233) by [@matteospanio](https://github.com/matteospanio). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/help/index.md`. PR [#10983](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10983) by [@KaniKim](https://github.com/KaniKim). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/features.md`. PR [#10976](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10976) by [@KaniKim](https://github.com/KaniKim). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/tutorial/security/get-current-user.md`. PR [#5737](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5737) by [@KdHyeon0661](https://github.com/KdHyeon0661). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md`. PR [#10541](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10541) by [@AlertRED](https://github.com/AlertRED). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md`. PR [#10375](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10375) by [@AlertRED](https://github.com/AlertRED). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/encoder.md`. PR [#10374](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10374) by [@AlertRED](https://github.com/AlertRED). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body-updates.md`. PR [#10373](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10373) by [@AlertRED](https://github.com/AlertRED). +* 🌐 Russian translation: updated `fastapi-people.md`.. PR [#10255](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10255) by [@NiKuma0](https://github.com/NiKuma0). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/tutorial/security/index.md`. PR [#5798](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5798) by [@3w36zj6](https://github.com/3w36zj6). +* 🌐 Add German translation for `docs/de/docs/advanced/generate-clients.md`. PR [#10725](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10725) by [@nilslindemann](https://github.com/nilslindemann). +* 🌐 Add German translation for `docs/de/docs/advanced/openapi-webhooks.md`. PR [#10712](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10712) by [@nilslindemann](https://github.com/nilslindemann). +* 🌐 Add German translation for `docs/de/docs/advanced/custom-response.md`. PR [#10624](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10624) by [@nilslindemann](https://github.com/nilslindemann). +* 🌐 Add German translation for `docs/de/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md`. PR [#10617](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10617) by [@nilslindemann](https://github.com/nilslindemann). +* 🌐 Add German translation for `docs/de/docs/tutorial/middleware.md`. PR [#10391](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10391) by [@JohannesJungbluth](https://github.com/JohannesJungbluth). +* 🌐 Add German translation for introduction documents. PR [#10497](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10497) by [@nilslindemann](https://github.com/nilslindemann). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/tutorial/encoder.md`. PR [#1955](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1955) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md`. PR [#1932](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1932) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc). +* 🌐 Add Turkish translation for `docs/tr/docs/async.md`. PR [#5191](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5191) by [@BilalAlpaslan](https://github.com/BilalAlpaslan). +* 🌐 Add Turkish translation for `docs/tr/docs/project-generation.md`. PR [#5192](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5192) by [@BilalAlpaslan](https://github.com/BilalAlpaslan). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/deployment/docker.md`. PR [#5657](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5657) by [@nearnear](https://github.com/nearnear). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/deployment/server-workers.md`. PR [#4935](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4935) by [@jujumilk3](https://github.com/jujumilk3). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/deployment/index.md`. PR [#4561](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4561) by [@jujumilk3](https://github.com/jujumilk3). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md`. PR [#3639](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3639) by [@jungsu-kwon](https://github.com/jungsu-kwon). +* 🌐 Modify the description of `zh` - Traditional Chinese. PR [#10889](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10889) by [@cherinyy](https://github.com/cherinyy). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/tutorial/static-files.md`. PR [#2957](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2957) by [@jeesang7](https://github.com/jeesang7). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/tutorial/response-model.md`. PR [#2766](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2766) by [@hard-coders](https://github.com/hard-coders). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md`. PR [#2461](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2461) by [@PandaHun](https://github.com/PandaHun). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md`. PR [#2415](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2415) by [@hard-coders](https://github.com/hard-coders). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/python-types.md`. PR [#2267](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2267) by [@jrim](https://github.com/jrim). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md`. PR [#2506](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2506) by [@hard-coders](https://github.com/hard-coders). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/learn/index.md`. PR [#10977](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10977) by [@KaniKim](https://github.com/KaniKim). +* 🌐 Initialize translations for Traditional Chinese. PR [#10505](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10505) by [@hsuanchi](https://github.com/hsuanchi). +* ✏️ Tweak the german translation of `docs/de/docs/tutorial/index.md`. PR [#10962](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10962) by [@nilslindemann](https://github.com/nilslindemann). +* ✏️ Fix typo error in `docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-params.md`. PR [#10758](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10758) by [@2chanhaeng](https://github.com/2chanhaeng). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md`. PR [#1961](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1961) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md`. PR [#1960](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1960) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md`. PR [#1959](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1959) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md`. PR [#2668](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2668) by [@tokusumi](https://github.com/tokusumi). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/tutorial/dependencies/index.md` and `docs/ja/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md`. PR [#1958](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1958) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/tutorial/response-model.md`. PR [#1938](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1938) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md`. PR [#1903](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1903) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md`. PR [#1902](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1902) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/python-types.md`. PR [#1899](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1899) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md`. PR [#1953](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1953) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md`. PR [#1942](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1942) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md`. PR [#1941](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1941) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc). +* 🌐 Add Japanese tranlsation for `docs/ja/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md`. PR [#1931](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1931) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md`. PR [#1930](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1930) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md`. PR [#1923](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1923) by [@SwftAlpc](https://github.com/SwftAlpc). +* 🌐 Add German translation for `docs/de/docs/tutorial/index.md`. PR [#9502](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9502) by [@fhabers21](https://github.com/fhabers21). +* 🌐 Add German translation for `docs/de/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md`. PR [#10566](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10566) by [@nilslindemann](https://github.com/nilslindemann). +* ✏️ Fix typo in `docs/ru/docs/index.md`. PR [#10672](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10672) by [@Delitel-WEB](https://github.com/Delitel-WEB). +* ✏️ Fix typos in `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md`. PR [#10727](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10727) by [@HiemalBeryl](https://github.com/HiemalBeryl). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md`. PR [#10410](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10410) by [@AlertRED](https://github.com/AlertRED). + +### Internal + +* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#11074](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11074) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update sponsors: add Coherence. PR [#11066](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11066) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Upgrade GitHub Action issue-manager. PR [#11056](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11056) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🍱 Update sponsors: TalkPython badge. PR [#11052](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11052) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update sponsors: TalkPython badge image. PR [#11048](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11048) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update sponsors, remove Deta. PR [#11041](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11041) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 💄 Fix CSS breaking RTL languages (erroneously introduced by a previous RTL PR). PR [#11039](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11039) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Add Italian to `mkdocs.yml`. PR [#11016](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11016) by [@alejsdev](https://github.com/alejsdev). +* 🔨 Verify `mkdocs.yml` languages in CI, update `docs.py`. PR [#11009](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11009) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update config in `label-approved.yml` to accept translations with 1 reviewer. PR [#11007](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/11007) by [@alejsdev](https://github.com/alejsdev). +* 👷 Add changes-requested handling in GitHub Action issue manager. PR [#10971](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10971) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Group dependencies on dependabot updates. PR [#10952](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10952) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex). +* ⬆ Bump actions/setup-python from 4 to 5. PR [#10764](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10764) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish from 1.8.10 to 1.8.11. PR [#10731](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10731) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.28.0 to 3.0.0. PR [#10777](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10777) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* 🔧 Add support for translations to languages with a longer code name, like `zh-hant`. PR [#10950](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10950) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.109.0 + +### Features + +* ✨ Add support for Python 3.12. PR [#10666](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10666) by [@Jamim](https://github.com/Jamim). + +### Upgrades + +* ⬆️ Upgrade Starlette to >=0.35.0,<0.36.0. PR [#10938](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10938) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Docs + +* ✏️ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/alternatives.md`. PR [#10931](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10931) by [@s111d](https://github.com/s111d). +* 📝 Replace `email` with `username` in `docs_src/security/tutorial007` code examples. PR [#10649](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10649) by [@nilslindemann](https://github.com/nilslindemann). +* 📝 Add VS Code tutorial link. PR [#10592](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10592) by [@nilslindemann](https://github.com/nilslindemann). +* 📝 Add notes about Pydantic v2's new `.model_dump()`. PR [#10929](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10929) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 📝 Fix broken link in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md`. PR [#10765](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10765) by [@HurSungYun](https://github.com/HurSungYun). +* 📝 Add External Link: FastAPI application monitoring made easy. PR [#10917](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10917) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ✨ Generate automatic language names for docs translations. PR [#5354](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5354) by [@jakul](https://github.com/jakul). +* ✏️ Fix typos in `docs/en/docs/alternatives.md` and `docs/en/docs/tutorial/dependencies/index.md`. PR [#10906](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10906) by [@s111d](https://github.com/s111d). +* ✏️ Fix typos in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md`. PR [#10834](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10834) by [@Molkree](https://github.com/Molkree). +* 📝 Add article: "Building a RESTful API with FastAPI: Secure Signup and Login Functionality Included". PR [#9733](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9733) by [@dxphilo](https://github.com/dxphilo). +* 📝 Add warning about lifecycle events with `AsyncClient`. PR [#4167](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4167) by [@andrew-chang-dewitt](https://github.com/andrew-chang-dewitt). +* ✏️ Fix typos in `/docs/reference/exceptions.md` and `/en/docs/reference/status.md`. PR [#10809](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10809) by [@clarencepenz](https://github.com/clarencepenz). +* ✏️ Fix typo in `openapi-callbacks.md`. PR [#10673](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10673) by [@kayjan](https://github.com/kayjan). +* ✏️ Fix typo in `fastapi/routing.py` . PR [#10520](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10520) by [@sepsh](https://github.com/sepsh). +* 📝 Replace HTTP code returned in case of existing user error in docs for testing. PR [#4482](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4482) by [@TristanMarion](https://github.com/TristanMarion). +* 📝 Add blog for FastAPI & Supabase. PR [#6018](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/6018) by [@theinfosecguy](https://github.com/theinfosecguy). +* 📝 Update example source files for SQL databases with SQLAlchemy. PR [#9508](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9508) by [@s-mustafa](https://github.com/s-mustafa). +* 📝 Update code examples in docs for body, replace name `create_item` with `update_item` when appropriate. PR [#5913](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5913) by [@OttoAndrey](https://github.com/OttoAndrey). +* ✏️ Fix typo in dependencies with yield source examples. PR [#10847](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10847) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Bengali translation for `docs/bn/docs/index.md`. PR [#9177](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9177) by [@Fahad-Md-Kamal](https://github.com/Fahad-Md-Kamal). +* ✏️ Update Python version in `index.md` in several languages. PR [#10711](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10711) by [@tamago3keran](https://github.com/tamago3keran). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md`. PR [#10347](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10347) by [@AlertRED](https://github.com/AlertRED). +* 🌐 Add Ukrainian translation for `docs/uk/docs/index.md`. PR [#10362](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10362) by [@rostik1410](https://github.com/rostik1410). +* ✏️ Update Python version in `docs/ko/docs/index.md`. PR [#10680](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10680) by [@Eeap](https://github.com/Eeap). +* 🌐 Add Persian translation for `docs/fa/docs/features.md`. PR [#5887](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5887) by [@amirilf](https://github.com/amirilf). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md`. PR [#10325](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10325) by [@ShuibeiC](https://github.com/ShuibeiC). +* 🌐 Fix typos in Russian translations for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md`, `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md`, `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/debugging.md`, `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/testing.md`. PR [#10311](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10311) by [@AlertRED](https://github.com/AlertRED). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/request-files.md`. PR [#10332](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10332) by [@AlertRED](https://github.com/AlertRED). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/deployment/server-workers.md`. PR [#10292](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10292) by [@xzmeng](https://github.com/xzmeng). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/deployment/cloud.md`. PR [#10291](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10291) by [@xzmeng](https://github.com/xzmeng). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/deployment/manually.md`. PR [#10279](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10279) by [@xzmeng](https://github.com/xzmeng). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/deployment/https.md`. PR [#10277](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10277) by [@xzmeng](https://github.com/xzmeng). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/deployment/index.md`. PR [#10275](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10275) by [@xzmeng](https://github.com/xzmeng). +* 🌐 Add German translation for `docs/de/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md`. PR [#9530](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9530) by [@fhabers21](https://github.com/fhabers21). +* 🌐 Update Turkish translation for `docs/tr/docs/index.md`. PR [#10444](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10444) by [@hasansezertasan](https://github.com/hasansezertasan). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/learn/index.md`. PR [#10479](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10479) by [@KAZAMA-DREAM](https://github.com/KAZAMA-DREAM). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/learn/index.md`. PR [#10539](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10539) by [@AlertRED](https://github.com/AlertRED). +* 🌐 Update SQLAlchemy instruction in Chinese translation `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md`. PR [#9712](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9712) by [@Royc30ne](https://github.com/Royc30ne). +* 🌐 Add Turkish translation for `docs/tr/docs/external-links.md`. PR [#10549](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10549) by [@hasansezertasan](https://github.com/hasansezertasan). +* 🌐 Add Spanish translation for `docs/es/docs/learn/index.md`. PR [#10885](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10885) by [@pablocm83](https://github.com/pablocm83). +* 🌐 Add Ukrainian translation for `docs/uk/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md`. PR [#10670](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10670) by [@ArtemKhymenko](https://github.com/ArtemKhymenko). +* 🌐 Add Hungarian translation for `/docs/hu/docs/index.md`. PR [#10812](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10812) by [@takacs](https://github.com/takacs). +* 🌐 Add Turkish translation for `docs/tr/docs/newsletter.md`. PR [#10550](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10550) by [@hasansezertasan](https://github.com/hasansezertasan). +* 🌐 Add Spanish translation for `docs/es/docs/help/index.md`. PR [#10907](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10907) by [@pablocm83](https://github.com/pablocm83). +* 🌐 Add Spanish translation for `docs/es/docs/about/index.md`. PR [#10908](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10908) by [@pablocm83](https://github.com/pablocm83). +* 🌐 Add Spanish translation for `docs/es/docs/resources/index.md`. PR [#10909](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10909) by [@pablocm83](https://github.com/pablocm83). + +### Internal + +* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#10871](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10871) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Upgrade custom GitHub Action comment-docs-preview-in-pr. PR [#10916](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10916) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆️ Upgrade GitHub Action latest-changes. PR [#10915](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10915) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Upgrade GitHub Action label-approved. PR [#10913](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10913) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆️ Upgrade GitHub Action label-approved. PR [#10905](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10905) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.108.0 + +### Upgrades + +* ⬆️ Upgrade Starlette to `>=0.29.0,<0.33.0`, update docs and usage of templates with new Starlette arguments. PR [#10846](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10846) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.107.0 + +### Upgrades + +* ⬆️ Upgrade Starlette to 0.28.0. PR [#9636](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9636) by [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb). + +### Docs + +* 📝 Add docs: Node.js script alternative to update OpenAPI for generated clients. PR [#10845](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10845) by [@alejsdev](https://github.com/alejsdev). +* 📝 Restructure Docs section in Contributing page. PR [#10844](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10844) by [@alejsdev](https://github.com/alejsdev). + +## 0.106.0 + +### Breaking Changes + +Using resources from dependencies with `yield` in background tasks is no longer supported. + +This change is what supports the new features, read below. 🤓 + +### Dependencies with `yield`, `HTTPException` and Background Tasks + +Dependencies with `yield` now can raise `HTTPException` and other exceptions after `yield`. 🎉 + +Read the new docs here: [Dependencies with `yield` and `HTTPException`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield/#dependencies-with-yield-and-httpexception). + +```Python +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +data = { + "plumbus": {"description": "Freshly pickled plumbus", "owner": "Morty"}, + "portal-gun": {"description": "Gun to create portals", "owner": "Rick"}, +} + + +class OwnerError(Exception): + pass + + +def get_username(): + try: + yield "Rick" + except OwnerError as e: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=f"Owner error: {e}") + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def get_item(item_id: str, username: Annotated[str, Depends(get_username)]): + if item_id not in data: + raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found") + item = data[item_id] + if item["owner"] != username: + raise OwnerError(username) + return item +``` + +--- + +Before FastAPI 0.106.0, raising exceptions after `yield` was not possible, the exit code in dependencies with `yield` was executed *after* the response was sent, so [Exception Handlers](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/#install-custom-exception-handlers) would have already run. + +This was designed this way mainly to allow using the same objects "yielded" by dependencies inside of background tasks, because the exit code would be executed after the background tasks were finished. + +Nevertheless, as this would mean waiting for the response to travel through the network while unnecessarily holding a resource in a dependency with yield (for example a database connection), this was changed in FastAPI 0.106.0. + +Additionally, a background task is normally an independent set of logic that should be handled separately, with its own resources (e.g. its own database connection). + +If you used to rely on this behavior, now you should create the resources for background tasks inside the background task itself, and use internally only data that doesn't depend on the resources of dependencies with `yield`. + +For example, instead of using the same database session, you would create a new database session inside of the background task, and you would obtain the objects from the database using this new session. And then instead of passing the object from the database as a parameter to the background task function, you would pass the ID of that object and then obtain the object again inside the background task function. + +The sequence of execution before FastAPI 0.106.0 was like this diagram: + +Time flows from top to bottom. And each column is one of the parts interacting or executing code. + +```mermaid +sequenceDiagram + +participant client as Client +participant handler as Exception handler +participant dep as Dep with yield +participant operation as Path Operation +participant tasks as Background tasks + + Note over client,tasks: Can raise exception for dependency, handled after response is sent + Note over client,operation: Can raise HTTPException and can change the response + client ->> dep: Start request + Note over dep: Run code up to yield + opt raise + dep -->> handler: Raise HTTPException + handler -->> client: HTTP error response + dep -->> dep: Raise other exception + end + dep ->> operation: Run dependency, e.g. DB session + opt raise + operation -->> dep: Raise HTTPException + dep -->> handler: Auto forward exception + handler -->> client: HTTP error response + operation -->> dep: Raise other exception + dep -->> handler: Auto forward exception + end + operation ->> client: Return response to client + Note over client,operation: Response is already sent, can't change it anymore + opt Tasks + operation -->> tasks: Send background tasks + end + opt Raise other exception + tasks -->> dep: Raise other exception + end + Note over dep: After yield + opt Handle other exception + dep -->> dep: Handle exception, can't change response. E.g. close DB session. + end +``` + +The new execution flow can be found in the docs: [Execution of dependencies with `yield`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield/#execution-of-dependencies-with-yield). + +### Features + +* ✨ Add support for raising exceptions (including `HTTPException`) in dependencies with `yield` in the exit code, do not support them in background tasks. PR [#10831](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10831) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Internal + +* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#10567](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10567) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.105.0 + +### Features + +* ✨ Add support for multiple Annotated annotations, e.g. `Annotated[str, Field(), Query()]`. PR [#10773](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10773) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Refactors + +* 🔥 Remove unused NoneType. PR [#10774](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10774) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Docs + +* 📝 Tweak default suggested configs for generating clients. PR [#10736](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10736) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Internal + +* 🔧 Update sponsors, add Scalar. PR [#10728](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10728) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update sponsors, add PropelAuth. PR [#10760](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10760) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Update build docs, verify README on CI. PR [#10750](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10750) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update sponsors, remove Fern. PR [#10729](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10729) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update sponsors, add Codacy. PR [#10677](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10677) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update sponsors, add Reflex. PR [#10676](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10676) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 📝 Update release notes, move and check latest-changes. PR [#10588](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10588) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Upgrade latest-changes GitHub Action. PR [#10587](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10587) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.104.1 + +### Fixes + +* 📌 Pin Swagger UI version to 5.9.0 temporarily to handle a bug crashing it in 5.9.1. PR [#10529](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10529) by [@alejandraklachquin](https://github.com/alejandraklachquin). + * This is not really a bug in FastAPI but in Swagger UI, nevertheless pinning the version will work while a solution is found on the [Swagger UI side](https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui/issues/9337). + +### Docs + +* 📝 Update data structure and render for external-links. PR [#10495](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10495) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ✏️ Fix link to SPDX license identifier in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/metadata.md`. PR [#10433](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10433) by [@worldworm](https://github.com/worldworm). +* 📝 Update example validation error from Pydantic v1 to match Pydantic v2 in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/path-params.md`. PR [#10043](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10043) by [@giuliowaitforitdavide](https://github.com/giuliowaitforitdavide). +* ✏️ Fix typos in emoji docs and in some source examples. PR [#10438](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10438) by [@afuetterer](https://github.com/afuetterer). +* ✏️ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/reference/dependencies.md`. PR [#10465](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10465) by [@suravshresth](https://github.com/suravshresth). +* ✏️ Fix typos and rewordings in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md`. PR [#10468](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10468) by [@yogabonito](https://github.com/yogabonito). +* 📝 Update docs, remove references to removed `pydantic.Required` in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md`. PR [#10469](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10469) by [@yogabonito](https://github.com/yogabonito). +* ✏️ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/reference/index.md`. PR [#10467](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10467) by [@tarsil](https://github.com/tarsil). +* 🔥 Remove unnecessary duplicated docstrings. PR [#10484](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10484) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Internal + +* ✏️ Update Pydantic links to dotenv support. PR [#10511](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10511) by [@White-Mask](https://github.com/White-Mask). +* ✏️ Update links in `docs/en/docs/async.md` and `docs/zh/docs/async.md` to make them relative. PR [#10498](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10498) by [@hasnatsajid](https://github.com/hasnatsajid). +* ✏️ Fix links in `docs/em/docs/async.md`. PR [#10507](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10507) by [@hasnatsajid](https://github.com/hasnatsajid). +* ✏️ Fix typo in `docs/em/docs/index.md`, Python 3.8. PR [#10521](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10521) by [@kerriop](https://github.com/kerriop). +* ⬆ Bump pillow from 9.5.0 to 10.1.0. PR [#10446](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10446) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Update mkdocs-material requirement from <9.0.0,>=8.1.4 to >=8.1.4,<10.0.0. PR [#5862](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5862) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump mkdocs-material from 9.1.21 to 9.4.7. PR [#10545](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10545) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* 👷 Install MkDocs Material Insiders only when secrets are available, for Dependabot. PR [#10544](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10544) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update sponsors badges, Databento. PR [#10519](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10519) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Adopt Ruff format. PR [#10517](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10517) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Add `CITATION.cff` file for academic citations. PR [#10496](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10496) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🐛 Fix overriding MKDocs theme lang in hook. PR [#10490](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10490) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔥 Drop/close Gitter chat. Questions should go to GitHub Discussions, free conversations to Discord.. PR [#10485](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10485) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.104.0 + +## Features + +* ✨ Add reference (code API) docs with PEP 727, add subclass with custom docstrings for `BackgroundTasks`, refactor docs structure. PR [#10392](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10392) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). New docs at [FastAPI Reference - Code API](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/reference/). + +## Upgrades + +* ⬆️ Drop support for Python 3.7, require Python 3.8 or above. PR [#10442](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10442) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Internal + +* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.27.0 to 2.28.0. PR [#10268](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10268) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump actions/checkout from 3 to 4. PR [#10208](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10208) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish from 1.8.6 to 1.8.10. PR [#10061](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10061) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* 🔧 Update sponsors, Bump.sh images. PR [#10381](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10381) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#10363](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10363) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.103.2 + +### Refactors + +* ⬆️ Upgrade compatibility with Pydantic v2.4, new renamed functions and JSON Schema input/output models with default values. PR [#10344](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10344) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Ukrainian translation for `docs/uk/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md`. PR [#10132](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10132) by [@ArtemKhymenko](https://github.com/ArtemKhymenko). +* 🌐 Fix typos in French translations for `docs/fr/docs/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md`, `docs/fr/docs/alternatives.md`, `docs/fr/docs/async.md`, `docs/fr/docs/features.md`, `docs/fr/docs/help-fastapi.md`, `docs/fr/docs/index.md`, `docs/fr/docs/python-types.md`, `docs/fr/docs/tutorial/body.md`, `docs/fr/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md`, `docs/fr/docs/tutorial/query-params.md`. PR [#10154](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10154) by [@s-rigaud](https://github.com/s-rigaud). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/async.md`. PR [#5591](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5591) by [@mkdir700](https://github.com/mkdir700). +* 🌐 Update Chinese translation for `docs/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2.md`. PR [#3844](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3844) by [@jaystone776](https://github.com/jaystone776). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/deployment/cloud.md`. PR [#10191](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10191) by [@Sion99](https://github.com/Sion99). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/deployment/https.md`. PR [#10298](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10298) by [@tamtam-fitness](https://github.com/tamtam-fitness). +* 🌐 Fix typo in Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md`. PR [#10224](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10224) by [@AlertRED](https://github.com/AlertRED). +* 🌐 Add Polish translation for `docs/pl/docs/help-fastapi.md`. PR [#10121](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10121) by [@romabozhanovgithub](https://github.com/romabozhanovgithub). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/header-params.md`. PR [#10226](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10226) by [@AlertRED](https://github.com/AlertRED). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/deployment/versions.md`. PR [#10276](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10276) by [@xzmeng](https://github.com/xzmeng). + +### Internal + +* 🔧 Update sponsors, remove Flint. PR [#10349](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10349) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Rename label "awaiting review" to "awaiting-review" to simplify search queries. PR [#10343](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10343) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update sponsors, enable Svix (revert #10228). PR [#10253](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10253) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update sponsors, remove Svix. PR [#10228](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10228) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update sponsors, add Bump.sh. PR [#10227](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10227) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.103.1 + +### Fixes + +* 📌 Pin AnyIO to < 4.0.0 to handle an incompatibility while upgrading to Starlette 0.31.1. PR [#10194](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10194) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Docs + +* ✏️ Fix validation parameter name in docs, from `regex` to `pattern`. PR [#10085](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10085) by [@pablodorrio](https://github.com/pablodorrio). +* ✏️ Fix indent format in `docs/en/docs/deployment/server-workers.md`. PR [#10066](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10066) by [@tamtam-fitness](https://github.com/tamtam-fitness). +* ✏️ Fix Pydantic examples in tutorial for Python types. PR [#9961](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9961) by [@rahulsalgare](https://github.com/rahulsalgare). +* ✏️ Fix link to Pydantic docs in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md`. PR [#10155](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10155) by [@hasnatsajid](https://github.com/hasnatsajid). +* ✏️ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md`. PR [#10170](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10170) by [@poupapaa](https://github.com/poupapaa). +* ✏️ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md`. PR [#10172](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10172) by [@ragul-kachiappan](https://github.com/ragul-kachiappan). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Remove duplicate line in translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-params.md`. PR [#10126](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10126) by [@LecoOliveira](https://github.com/LecoOliveira). +* 🌐 Add Yoruba translation for `docs/yo/docs/index.md`. PR [#10033](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10033) by [@AfolabiOlaoluwa](https://github.com/AfolabiOlaoluwa). +* 🌐 Add Ukrainian translation for `docs/uk/docs/python-types.md`. PR [#10080](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10080) by [@rostik1410](https://github.com/rostik1410). +* 🌐 Add Vietnamese translations for `docs/vi/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md` and `docs/vi/docs/tutorial/index.md`. PR [#10088](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10088) by [@magiskboy](https://github.com/magiskboy). +* 🌐 Add Ukrainian translation for `docs/uk/docs/alternatives.md`. PR [#10060](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10060) by [@whysage](https://github.com/whysage). +* 🌐 Add Ukrainian translation for `docs/uk/docs/tutorial/index.md`. PR [#10079](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10079) by [@rostik1410](https://github.com/rostik1410). +* ✏️ Fix typos in `docs/en/docs/how-to/separate-openapi-schemas.md` and `docs/en/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md`. PR [#10189](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10189) by [@xzmeng](https://github.com/xzmeng). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/advanced/generate-clients.md`. PR [#9883](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9883) by [@funny-cat-happy](https://github.com/funny-cat-happy). + +### Refactors + +* ✏️ Fix typos in comment in `fastapi/applications.py`. PR [#10045](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10045) by [@AhsanSheraz](https://github.com/AhsanSheraz). +* ✅ Add missing test for OpenAPI examples, it was missing in coverage. PR [#10188](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10188) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Internal + +* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#10186](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10186) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.103.0 + +### Features + +* ✨ Add support for `openapi_examples` in all FastAPI parameters. PR [#10152](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10152) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + * New docs: [OpenAPI-specific examples](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#openapi-specific-examples). + +### Docs + +* 📝 Add note to docs about Separate Input and Output Schemas with FastAPI version. PR [#10150](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10150) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.102.0 + +### Features + +* ✨ Add support for disabling the separation of input and output JSON Schemas in OpenAPI with Pydantic v2 with `separate_input_output_schemas=False`. PR [#10145](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10145) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + * New docs [Separate OpenAPI Schemas for Input and Output or Not](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/separate-openapi-schemas/). + * This PR also includes a new setup (internal tools) for generating screenshots for the docs. + +### Refactors + +* ♻️ Refactor tests for new Pydantic 2.2.1. PR [#10115](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10115) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Docs + +* 📝 Add new docs section, How To - Recipes, move docs that don't have to be read by everyone to How To. PR [#10114](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10114) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 📝 Update Advanced docs, add links to sponsor courses. PR [#10113](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10113) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 📝 Update docs for generating clients. PR [#10112](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10112) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 📝 Tweak MkDocs and add redirects. PR [#10111](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10111) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 📝 Restructure docs for cloud providers, include links to sponsors. PR [#10110](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10110) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Internal + +* 🔧 Update sponsors, add Speakeasy. PR [#10098](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10098) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.101.1 + +### Fixes + +* ✨ Add `ResponseValidationError` printable details, to show up in server error logs. PR [#10078](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10078) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Refactors + +* ✏️ Fix typo in deprecation warnings in `fastapi/params.py`. PR [#9854](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9854) by [@russbiggs](https://github.com/russbiggs). +* ✏️ Fix typos in comments on internal code in `fastapi/concurrency.py` and `fastapi/routing.py`. PR [#9590](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9590) by [@ElliottLarsen](https://github.com/ElliottLarsen). + +### Docs + +* ✏️ Fix typo in release notes. PR [#9835](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9835) by [@francisbergin](https://github.com/francisbergin). +* 📝 Add external article: Build an SMS Spam Classifier Serverless Database with FaunaDB and FastAPI. PR [#9847](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9847) by [@adejumoridwan](https://github.com/adejumoridwan). +* 📝 Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/contributing.md`. PR [#9878](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9878) by [@VicenteMerino](https://github.com/VicenteMerino). +* 📝 Fix code highlighting in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/bigger-applications.md`. PR [#9806](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9806) by [@theonlykingpin](https://github.com/theonlykingpin). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/deployment/concepts.md`. PR [#10062](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10062) by [@tamtam-fitness](https://github.com/tamtam-fitness). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/deployment/server-workers.md`. PR [#10064](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10064) by [@tamtam-fitness](https://github.com/tamtam-fitness). +* 🌐 Update Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/deployment/docker.md`. PR [#10073](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10073) by [@tamtam-fitness](https://github.com/tamtam-fitness). +* 🌐 Add Ukrainian translation for `docs/uk/docs/fastapi-people.md`. PR [#10059](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10059) by [@rostik1410](https://github.com/rostik1410). +* 🌐 Add Ukrainian translation for `docs/uk/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md`. PR [#10032](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10032) by [@rostik1410](https://github.com/rostik1410). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/deployment/docker.md`. PR [#9971](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9971) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus). +* 🌐 Add Vietnamese translation for `docs/vi/docs/python-types.md`. PR [#10047](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10047) by [@magiskboy](https://github.com/magiskboy). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies.md`. PR [#9970](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9970) by [@dudyaosuplayer](https://github.com/dudyaosuplayer). +* 🌐 Add Urdu translation for `docs/ur/docs/benchmarks.md`. PR [#9974](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9974) by [@AhsanSheraz](https://github.com/AhsanSheraz). + +### Internal + +* 🔧 Add sponsor Porter. PR [#10051](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10051) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update sponsors, add Jina back as bronze sponsor. PR [#10050](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10050) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆ Bump mypy from 1.4.0 to 1.4.1. PR [#9756](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9756) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump mkdocs-material from 9.1.17 to 9.1.21. PR [#9960](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9960) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). + +## 0.101.0 + +### Features + +* ✨ Enable Pydantic's serialization mode for responses, add support for Pydantic's `computed_field`, better OpenAPI for response models, proper required attributes, better generated clients. PR [#10011](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10011) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Refactors + +* ✅ Fix tests for compatibility with pydantic 2.1.1. PR [#9943](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9943) by [@dmontagu](https://github.com/dmontagu). +* ✅ Fix test error in Windows for `jsonable_encoder`. PR [#9840](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9840) by [@iudeen](https://github.com/iudeen). + +### Upgrades + +* 📌 Do not allow Pydantic 2.1.0 that breaks (require 2.1.1). PR [#10012](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10012) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/security/index.md`. PR [#9963](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9963) by [@eVery1337](https://github.com/eVery1337). +* 🌐 Remove Vietnamese note about missing translation. PR [#9957](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9957) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Internal + +* 👷 Add GitHub Actions step dump context to debug external failures. PR [#10008](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10008) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Restore MkDocs Material pin after the fix. PR [#10001](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10001) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update the Question template to ask for the Pydantic version. PR [#10000](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/10000) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 📍 Update MkDocs Material dependencies. PR [#9986](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9986) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#9999](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9999) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🐳 Update Dockerfile with compatibility versions, to upgrade later. PR [#9998](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9998) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ➕ Add pydantic-settings to FastAPI People dependencies. PR [#9988](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9988) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ♻️ Update FastAPI People logic with new Pydantic. PR [#9985](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9985) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🍱 Update sponsors, Fern badge. PR [#9982](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9982) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Deploy docs to Cloudflare Pages. PR [#9978](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9978) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update sponsor Fern. PR [#9979](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9979) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Update CI debug mode with Tmate. PR [#9977](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9977) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.100.1 + +### Fixes + +* 🐛 Replace `MultHostUrl` to `AnyUrl` for compatibility with older versions of Pydantic v1. PR [#9852](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9852) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex). + +### Docs + +* 📝 Update links for self-hosted Swagger UI, point to v5, for OpenAPI 31.0. PR [#9834](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9834) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Ukrainian translation for `docs/uk/docs/tutorial/body.md`. PR [#4574](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4574) by [@ss-o-furda](https://github.com/ss-o-furda). +* 🌐 Add Vietnamese translation for `docs/vi/docs/features.md` and `docs/vi/docs/index.md`. PR [#3006](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3006) by [@magiskboy](https://github.com/magiskboy). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/ko/docs/async.md`. PR [#4179](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4179) by [@NinaHwang](https://github.com/NinaHwang). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md`. PR [#9812](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9812) by [@wdh99](https://github.com/wdh99). +* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md`. PR [#4075](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4075) by [@Smlep](https://github.com/Smlep). +* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/tutorial/index.md`. PR [#2234](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2234) by [@JulianMaurin](https://github.com/JulianMaurin). +* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/contributing.md`. PR [#2132](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2132) by [@JulianMaurin](https://github.com/JulianMaurin). +* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/benchmarks.md`. PR [#2155](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2155) by [@clemsau](https://github.com/clemsau). +* 🌐 Update Chinese translations with new source files. PR [#9738](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9738) by [@mahone3297](https://github.com/mahone3297). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md`. PR [#9841](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9841) by [@dedkot01](https://github.com/dedkot01). +* 🌐 Update Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md`. PR [#9485](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9485) by [@Creat55](https://github.com/Creat55). + +### Internal + +* 🔧 Update sponsors, add Fern. PR [#9956](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9956) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Update FastAPI People token. PR [#9844](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9844) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#9775](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9775) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Update MkDocs Material token. PR [#9843](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9843) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Update token for latest changes. PR [#9842](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9842) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.100.0 + +✨ Support for **Pydantic v2** ✨ + +Pydantic version 2 has the **core** re-written in **Rust** and includes a lot of improvements and features, for example: + +* Improved **correctness** in corner cases. +* **Safer** types. +* Better **performance** and **less energy** consumption. +* Better **extensibility**. +* etc. + +...all this while keeping the **same Python API**. In most of the cases, for simple models, you can simply upgrade the Pydantic version and get all the benefits. 🚀 + +In some cases, for pure data validation and processing, you can get performance improvements of **20x** or more. This means 2,000% or more. 🤯 + +When you use **FastAPI**, there's a lot more going on, processing the request and response, handling dependencies, executing **your own code**, and particularly, **waiting for the network**. But you will probably still get some nice performance improvements just from the upgrade. + +The focus of this release is **compatibility** with Pydantic v1 and v2, to make sure your current apps keep working. Later there will be more focus on refactors, correctness, code improvements, and then **performance** improvements. Some third-party early beta testers that ran benchmarks on the beta releases of FastAPI reported improvements of **2x - 3x**. Which is not bad for just doing `pip install --upgrade fastapi pydantic`. This was not an official benchmark and I didn't check it myself, but it's a good sign. + +### Migration + +Check out the [Pydantic migration guide](https://docs.pydantic.dev/2.0/migration/). + +For the things that need changes in your Pydantic models, the Pydantic team built [`bump-pydantic`](https://github.com/pydantic/bump-pydantic). + +A command line tool that will **process your code** and update most of the things **automatically** for you. Make sure you have your code in git first, and review each of the changes to make sure everything is correct before committing the changes. + +### Pydantic v1 + +**This version of FastAPI still supports Pydantic v1**. And although Pydantic v1 will be deprecated at some point, it will still be supported for a while. + +This means that you can install the new Pydantic v2, and if something fails, you can install Pydantic v1 while you fix any problems you might have, but having the latest FastAPI. + +There are **tests for both Pydantic v1 and v2**, and test **coverage** is kept at **100%**. + +### Changes + +* There are **new parameter** fields supported by Pydantic `Field()` for: + + * `Path()` + * `Query()` + * `Header()` + * `Cookie()` + * `Body()` + * `Form()` + * `File()` + +* The new parameter fields are: + + * `default_factory` + * `alias_priority` + * `validation_alias` + * `serialization_alias` + * `discriminator` + * `strict` + * `multiple_of` + * `allow_inf_nan` + * `max_digits` + * `decimal_places` + * `json_schema_extra` + +...you can read about them in the Pydantic docs. + +* The parameter `regex` has been deprecated and replaced by `pattern`. + * You can read more about it in the docs for [Query Parameters and String Validations: Add regular expressions](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#add-regular-expressions). +* New Pydantic models use an improved and simplified attribute `model_config` that takes a simple dict instead of an internal class `Config` for their configuration. + * You can read more about it in the docs for [Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/). +* The attribute `schema_extra` for the internal class `Config` has been replaced by the key `json_schema_extra` in the new `model_config` dict. + * You can read more about it in the docs for [Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/). +* When you install `"fastapi[all]"` it now also includes: + * pydantic-settings - for settings management. + * pydantic-extra-types - for extra types to be used with Pydantic. +* Now Pydantic Settings is an additional optional package (included in `"fastapi[all]"`). To use settings you should now import `from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings` instead of importing from `pydantic` directly. + * You can read more about it in the docs for [Settings and Environment Variables](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/settings/). + +* PR [#9816](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9816) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo), included all the work done (in multiple PRs) on the beta branch (`main-pv2`). + +## 0.99.1 + +### Fixes + +* 🐛 Fix JSON Schema accepting bools as valid JSON Schemas, e.g. `additionalProperties: false`. PR [#9781](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9781) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Docs + +* 📝 Update source examples to use new JSON Schema examples field. PR [#9776](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9776) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.99.0 + +### Features + +* ✨ Add support for OpenAPI 3.1.0. PR [#9770](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9770) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + * New support for documenting **webhooks**, read the new docs here: Advanced User Guide: OpenAPI Webhooks. + * Upgrade OpenAPI 3.1.0, this uses JSON Schema 2020-12. + * Upgrade Swagger UI to version 5.x.x, that supports OpenAPI 3.1.0. + * Updated `examples` field in `Query()`, `Cookie()`, `Body()`, etc. based on the latest JSON Schema and OpenAPI. Now it takes a list of examples and they are included directly in the JSON Schema, not outside. Read more about it (including the historical technical details) in the updated docs: Tutorial: Declare Request Example Data. + +* ✨ Add support for `deque` objects and children in `jsonable_encoder`. PR [#9433](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9433) by [@cranium](https://github.com/cranium). + +### Docs + +* 📝 Fix form for the FastAPI and friends newsletter. PR [#9749](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9749) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Persian translation for `docs/fa/docs/advanced/sub-applications.md`. PR [#9692](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9692) by [@mojtabapaso](https://github.com/mojtabapaso). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/response-model.md`. PR [#9675](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9675) by [@glsglsgls](https://github.com/glsglsgls). + +### Internal + +* 🔨 Enable linenums in MkDocs Material during local live development to simplify highlighting code. PR [#9769](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9769) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆ Update httpx requirement from <0.24.0,>=0.23.0 to >=0.23.0,<0.25.0. PR [#9724](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9724) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump mkdocs-material from 9.1.16 to 9.1.17. PR [#9746](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9746) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* 🔥 Remove missing translation dummy pages, no longer necessary. PR [#9751](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9751) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#9259](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9259) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci). +* ✨ Add Material for MkDocs Insiders features and cards. PR [#9748](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9748) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔥 Remove languages without translations. PR [#9743](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9743) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ✨ Refactor docs for building scripts, use MkDocs hooks, simplify (remove) configs for languages. PR [#9742](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9742) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔨 Add MkDocs hook that renames sections based on the first index file. PR [#9737](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9737) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Make cron jobs run only on main repo, not on forks, to avoid error notifications from missing tokens. PR [#9735](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9735) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update MkDocs for other languages. PR [#9734](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9734) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Refactor Docs CI, run in multiple workers with a dynamic matrix to optimize speed. PR [#9732](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9732) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔥 Remove old internal GitHub Action watch-previews that is no longer needed. PR [#9730](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9730) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆️ Upgrade MkDocs and MkDocs Material. PR [#9729](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9729) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Build and deploy docs only on docs changes. PR [#9728](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9728) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.98.0 + +### Features + +* ✨ Allow disabling `redirect_slashes` at the FastAPI app level. PR [#3432](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3432) by [@cyberlis](https://github.com/cyberlis). + +### Docs + +* 📝 Update docs on Pydantic using ujson internally. PR [#5804](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5804) by [@mvasilkov](https://github.com/mvasilkov). +* ✏ Rewording in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/debugging.md`. PR [#9581](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9581) by [@ivan-abc](https://github.com/ivan-abc). +* 📝 Add german blog post (Domain-driven Design mit Python und FastAPI). PR [#9261](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9261) by [@msander](https://github.com/msander). +* ✏️ Tweak wording in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/index.md`. PR [#9561](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9561) by [@jyothish-mohan](https://github.com/jyothish-mohan). +* 📝 Update `Annotated` notes in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md`. PR [#9620](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9620) by [@Alexandrhub](https://github.com/Alexandrhub). +* ✏️ Fix typo `Annotation` -> `Annotated` in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md`. PR [#9625](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9625) by [@mccricardo](https://github.com/mccricardo). +* 📝 Use in memory database for testing SQL in docs. PR [#1223](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1223) by [@HarshaLaxman](https://github.com/HarshaLaxman). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/metadata.md`. PR [#9681](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9681) by [@TabarakoAkula](https://github.com/TabarakoAkula). +* 🌐 Fix typo in Spanish translation for `docs/es/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md`. PR [#9571](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9571) by [@lilidl-nft](https://github.com/lilidl-nft). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md`. PR [#9696](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9696) by [@TabarakoAkula](https://github.com/TabarakoAkula). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/advanced/security/index.md`. PR [#9666](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9666) by [@lordqyxz](https://github.com/lordqyxz). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translations for `docs/zh/docs/advanced/settings.md`. PR [#9652](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9652) by [@ChoyeonChern](https://github.com/ChoyeonChern). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translations for `docs/zh/docs/advanced/websockets.md`. PR [#9651](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9651) by [@ChoyeonChern](https://github.com/ChoyeonChern). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/testing.md`. PR [#9641](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9641) by [@wdh99](https://github.com/wdh99). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/tutorial/extra-models.md`. PR [#9619](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9619) by [@ivan-abc](https://github.com/ivan-abc). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/tutorial/cors.md`. PR [#9608](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9608) by [@ivan-abc](https://github.com/ivan-abc). +* 🌐 Add Polish translation for `docs/pl/docs/features.md`. PR [#5348](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5348) by [@mbroton](https://github.com/mbroton). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md`. PR [#9605](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9605) by [@Alexandrhub](https://github.com/Alexandrhub). + +### Internal + +* ⬆ Bump ruff from 0.0.272 to 0.0.275. PR [#9721](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9721) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Update uvicorn[standard] requirement from <0.21.0,>=0.12.0 to >=0.12.0,<0.23.0. PR [#9463](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9463) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump mypy from 1.3.0 to 1.4.0. PR [#9719](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9719) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Update pre-commit requirement from <3.0.0,>=2.17.0 to >=2.17.0,<4.0.0. PR [#9251](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9251) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish from 1.8.5 to 1.8.6. PR [#9482](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9482) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ✏️ Fix tooltips for light/dark theme toggler in docs. PR [#9588](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9588) by [@pankaj1707k](https://github.com/pankaj1707k). +* 🔧 Set minimal hatchling version needed to build the package. PR [#9240](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9240) by [@mgorny](https://github.com/mgorny). +* 📝 Add repo link to PyPI. PR [#9559](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9559) by [@JacobCoffee](https://github.com/JacobCoffee). +* ✏️ Fix typos in data for tests. PR [#4958](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4958) by [@ryanrussell](https://github.com/ryanrussell). +* 🔧 Update sponsors, add Flint. PR [#9699](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9699) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Lint in CI only once, only with one version of Python, run tests with all of them. PR [#9686](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9686) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.97.0 + +### Features + +* ✨ Add support for `dependencies` in WebSocket routes. PR [#4534](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4534) by [@paulo-raca](https://github.com/paulo-raca). +* ✨ Add exception handler for `WebSocketRequestValidationError` (which also allows to override it). PR [#6030](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/6030) by [@kristjanvalur](https://github.com/kristjanvalur). + +### Refactors + +* ⬆️ Upgrade and fully migrate to Ruff, remove isort, includes a couple of tweaks suggested by the new version of Ruff. PR [#9660](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9660) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ♻️ Update internal type annotations and upgrade mypy. PR [#9658](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9658) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ♻️ Simplify `AsyncExitStackMiddleware` as without Python 3.6 `AsyncExitStack` is always available. PR [#9657](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9657) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Upgrades + +* ⬆️ Upgrade Black. PR [#9661](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9661) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Internal + +* 💚 Update CI cache to fix installs when dependencies change. PR [#9659](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9659) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬇️ Separate requirements for development into their own requirements.txt files, they shouldn't be extras. PR [#9655](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9655) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.96.1 + +### Fixes + +* 🐛 Fix `HTTPException` header type annotations. PR [#9648](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9648) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🐛 Fix OpenAPI model fields int validations, `gte` to `ge`. PR [#9635](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9635) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Upgrades + +* 📌 Update minimum version of Pydantic to >=1.7.4. This fixes an issue when trying to use an old version of Pydantic. PR [#9567](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9567) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex). + +### Refactors + +* ♻ Remove `media_type` from `ORJSONResponse` as it's inherited from the parent class. PR [#5805](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5805) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex). +* ♻ Instantiate `HTTPException` only when needed, optimization refactor. PR [#5356](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5356) by [@pawamoy](https://github.com/pawamoy). + +### Docs + +* 🔥 Remove link to Pydantic's benchmark, as it was removed there. PR [#5811](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5811) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Fix spelling in Indonesian translation of `docs/id/docs/tutorial/index.md`. PR [#5635](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5635) by [@purwowd](https://github.com/purwowd). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/index.md`. PR [#5896](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5896) by [@Wilidon](https://github.com/Wilidon). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translations for `docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-change-status-code.md` and `docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-headers.md`. PR [#9544](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9544) by [@ChoyeonChern](https://github.com/ChoyeonChern). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md`. PR [#9621](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9621) by [@Alexandrhub](https://github.com/Alexandrhub). + +### Internal + +* 🔧 Add sponsor Platform.sh. PR [#9650](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9650) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Add custom token to Smokeshow and Preview Docs for download-artifact, to prevent API rate limits. PR [#9646](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9646) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Add custom tokens for GitHub Actions to avoid rate limits. PR [#9647](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9647) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.96.0 + +### Features + +* ⚡ Update `create_cloned_field` to use a global cache and improve startup performance. PR [#4645](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4645) by [@madkinsz](https://github.com/madkinsz) and previous original PR by [@huonw](https://github.com/huonw). + +### Docs + +* 📝 Update Deta deployment tutorial for compatibility with Deta Space. PR [#6004](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/6004) by [@mikBighne98](https://github.com/mikBighne98). +* ✏️ Fix typo in Deta deployment tutorial. PR [#9501](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9501) by [@lemonyte](https://github.com/lemonyte). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/tutorial/body.md`. PR [#3885](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3885) by [@solomein-sv](https://github.com/solomein-sv). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/static-files.md`. PR [#9580](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9580) by [@Alexandrhub](https://github.com/Alexandrhub). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/query-params.md`. PR [#9584](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9584) by [@Alexandrhub](https://github.com/Alexandrhub). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md`. PR [#9471](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9471) by [@AGolicyn](https://github.com/AGolicyn). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/debugging.md`. PR [#9579](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9579) by [@Alexandrhub](https://github.com/Alexandrhub). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/path-params.md`. PR [#9519](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9519) by [@AGolicyn](https://github.com/AGolicyn). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/static-files.md`. PR [#9436](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9436) by [@wdh99](https://github.com/wdh99). +* 🌐 Update Spanish translation including new illustrations in `docs/es/docs/async.md`. PR [#9483](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9483) by [@andresbermeoq](https://github.com/andresbermeoq). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md`. PR [#9563](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9563) by [@ivan-abc](https://github.com/ivan-abc). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/deployment/concepts.md`. PR [#9577](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9577) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md`. PR [#9586](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9586) by [@Alexandrhub](https://github.com/Alexandrhub). + +### Internal + +* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#9602](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9602) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions). +* 🔧 Update sponsors, remove InvestSuite. PR [#9612](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9612) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.95.2 + +* ⬆️ Upgrade Starlette version to `>=0.27.0` for a security release. PR [#9541](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9541) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). Details on [Starlette's security advisory](https://github.com/encode/starlette/security/advisories/GHSA-v5gw-mw7f-84px). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/advanced/events.md`. PR [#9326](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9326) by [@oandersonmagalhaes](https://github.com/oandersonmagalhaes). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/deployment/manually.md`. PR [#9417](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9417) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus). +* 🌐 Add setup for translations to Lao. PR [#9396](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9396) by [@TheBrown](https://github.com/TheBrown). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/testing.md`. PR [#9403](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9403) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/deployment/https.md`. PR [#9428](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9428) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus). +* ✏ Fix command to install requirements in Windows. PR [#9445](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9445) by [@MariiaRomanuik](https://github.com/MariiaRomanuik). +* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/advanced/response-directly.md`. PR [#9415](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9415) by [@axel584](https://github.com/axel584). +* 🌐 Initiate Czech translation setup. PR [#9288](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9288) by [@3p1463k](https://github.com/3p1463k). +* ✏ Fix typo in Portuguese docs for `docs/pt/docs/index.md`. PR [#9337](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9337) by [@lucasbalieiro](https://github.com/lucasbalieiro). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md`. PR [#9370](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9370) by [@nadia3373](https://github.com/nadia3373). + +### Internal + +* 🐛 Fix `flask.escape` warning for internal tests. PR [#9468](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9468) by [@samuelcolvin](https://github.com/samuelcolvin). +* ✅ Refactor 2 tests, for consistency and simplification. PR [#9504](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9504) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ✅ Refactor OpenAPI tests, prepare for Pydantic v2. PR [#9503](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9503) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.26.0 to 2.27.0. PR [#9394](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9394) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* 💚 Disable setup-python pip cache in CI. PR [#9438](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9438) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆ Bump pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish from 1.6.4 to 1.8.5. PR [#9346](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9346) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). + +## 0.95.1 + +### Fixes + +* 🐛 Fix using `Annotated` in routers or path operations decorated multiple times. PR [#9315](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9315) by [@sharonyogev](https://github.com/sharonyogev). + +### Docs + +* 🌐 🔠 📄 🐢 Translate docs to Emoji 🥳 🎉 💥 🤯 🤯. PR [#5385](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5385) by [@LeeeeT](https://github.com/LeeeeT). +* 📝 Add notification message warning about old versions of FastAPI not supporting `Annotated`. PR [#9298](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9298) by [@grdworkin](https://github.com/grdworkin). +* 📝 Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/advanced/behind-a-proxy.md`. PR [#5681](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5681) by [@Leommjr](https://github.com/Leommjr). +* ✏ Fix wrong import from typing module in Persian translations for `docs/fa/docs/index.md`. PR [#6083](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/6083) by [@Kimiaattaei](https://github.com/Kimiaattaei). +* ✏️ Fix format, remove unnecessary asterisks in `docs/en/docs/help-fastapi.md`. PR [#9249](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9249) by [@armgabrielyan](https://github.com/armgabrielyan). +* ✏ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md`. PR [#9272](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9272) by [@nicornk](https://github.com/nicornk). +* ✏ Fix typo/bug in inline code example in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md`. PR [#9273](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9273) by [@tim-habitat](https://github.com/tim-habitat). +* ✏ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md`. PR [#9282](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9282) by [@aadarsh977](https://github.com/aadarsh977). +* ✏ Fix typo: 'wll' to 'will' in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md`. PR [#9380](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9380) by [@dasstyxx](https://github.com/dasstyxx). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/advanced/index.md`. PR [#5673](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5673) by [@axel584](https://github.com/axel584). +* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md`. PR [#4053](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4053) by [@luccasmmg](https://github.com/luccasmmg). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/alternatives.md`. PR [#5994](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5994) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus). +* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md`. PR [#5912](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5912) by [@LorhanSohaky](https://github.com/LorhanSohaky). +* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md`. PR [#5936](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5936) by [@LorhanSohaky](https://github.com/LorhanSohaky). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/contributing.md`. PR [#6002](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/6002) by [@stigsanek](https://github.com/stigsanek). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md`. PR [#9176](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9176) by [@sehwan505](https://github.com/sehwan505). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/project-generation.md`. PR [#9243](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9243) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus). +* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/index.md`. PR [#9265](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9265) by [@frabc](https://github.com/frabc). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md`. PR [#9267](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9267) by [@dedkot01](https://github.com/dedkot01). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/benchmarks.md`. PR [#9271](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9271) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus). + +### Internal + +* 🔧 Update sponsors: remove Jina. PR [#9388](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9388) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update sponsors, add databento, remove Ines's course and StriveWorks. PR [#9351](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9351) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.95.0 + +### Highlights + +This release adds support for dependencies and parameters using `Annotated` and recommends its usage. ✨ + +This has **several benefits**, one of the main ones is that now the parameters of your functions with `Annotated` would **not be affected** at all. + +If you call those functions in **other places in your code**, the actual **default values** will be kept, your editor will help you notice missing **required arguments**, Python will require you to pass required arguments at **runtime**, you will be able to **use the same functions** for different things and with different libraries (e.g. **Typer** will soon support `Annotated` too, then you could use the same function for an API and a CLI), etc. + +Because `Annotated` is **standard Python**, you still get all the **benefits** from editors and tools, like **autocompletion**, **inline errors**, etc. + +One of the **biggest benefits** is that now you can create `Annotated` dependencies that are then shared by multiple *path operation functions*, this will allow you to **reduce** a lot of **code duplication** in your codebase, while keeping all the support from editors and tools. + +For example, you could have code like this: + +```Python +def get_current_user(token: str): + # authenticate user + return User() + + +@app.get("/items/") +def read_items(user: User = Depends(get_current_user)): + ... + + +@app.post("/items/") +def create_item(*, user: User = Depends(get_current_user), item: Item): + ... + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(*, user: User = Depends(get_current_user), item_id: int): + ... + + +@app.delete("/items/{item_id}") +def delete_item(*, user: User = Depends(get_current_user), item_id: int): + ... +``` + +There's a bit of code duplication for the dependency: + +```Python +user: User = Depends(get_current_user) +``` + +...the bigger the codebase, the more noticeable it is. + +Now you can create an annotated dependency once, like this: + +```Python +CurrentUser = Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)] +``` + +And then you can reuse this `Annotated` dependency: + +```Python +CurrentUser = Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)] + + +@app.get("/items/") +def read_items(user: CurrentUser): + ... + + +@app.post("/items/") +def create_item(user: CurrentUser, item: Item): + ... + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(user: CurrentUser, item_id: int): + ... + + +@app.delete("/items/{item_id}") +def delete_item(user: CurrentUser, item_id: int): + ... +``` + +...and `CurrentUser` has all the typing information as `User`, so your editor will work as expected (autocompletion and everything), and **FastAPI** will be able to understand the dependency defined in `Annotated`. 😎 + +Roughly **all the docs** have been rewritten to use `Annotated` as the main way to declare **parameters** and **dependencies**. All the **examples** in the docs now include a version with `Annotated` and a version without it, for each of the specific Python versions (when there are small differences/improvements in more recent versions). There were around 23K new lines added between docs, examples, and tests. 🚀 + +The key updated docs are: + +* Python Types Intro: + * [Type Hints with Metadata Annotations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/python-types/#type-hints-with-metadata-annotations). +* Tutorial: + * [Query Parameters and String Validations - Additional validation](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#additional-validation) + * [Advantages of `Annotated`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#advantages-of-annotated) + * [Path Parameters and Numeric Validations - Order the parameters as you need, tricks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#order-the-parameters-as-you-need-tricks) + * [Better with `Annotated`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/#better-with-annotated) + * [Dependencies - First Steps - Share `Annotated` dependencies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/#share-annotated-dependencies) + +Special thanks to [@nzig](https://github.com/nzig) for the core implementation and to [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb) for the inspiration and idea with [Xpresso](https://github.com/adriangb/xpresso)! 🚀 + +### Features + +* ✨Add support for PEP-593 `Annotated` for specifying dependencies and parameters. PR [#4871](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4871) by [@nzig](https://github.com/nzig). + +### Docs + +* 📝 Tweak tip recommending `Annotated` in docs. PR [#9270](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9270) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 📝 Update order of examples, latest Python version first, and simplify version tab names. PR [#9269](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9269) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 📝 Update all docs to use `Annotated` as the main recommendation, with new examples and tests. PR [#9268](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9268) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.94.1 + +### Fixes + +* 🎨 Fix types for lifespan, upgrade Starlette to 0.26.1. PR [#9245](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9245) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.94.0 + +### Upgrades + +* ⬆ Upgrade python-multipart to support 0.0.6. PR [#9212](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9212) by [@musicinmybrain](https://github.com/musicinmybrain). +* ⬆️ Upgrade Starlette version, support new `lifespan` with state. PR [#9239](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9239) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Docs + +* 📝 Update Sentry link in docs. PR [#9218](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9218) by [@smeubank](https://github.com/smeubank). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/history-design-future.md`. PR [#5986](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5986) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus). + +### Internal + +* ➕ Add `pydantic` to PyPI classifiers. PR [#5914](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5914) by [@yezz123](https://github.com/yezz123). +* ⬆ Bump black from 22.10.0 to 23.1.0. PR [#5953](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5953) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump types-ujson from 5.6.0.0 to 5.7.0.1. PR [#6027](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/6027) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.24.3 to 2.26.0. PR [#6034](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/6034) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5709](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5709) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci). + +## 0.93.0 + +### Features + +* ✨ Add support for `lifespan` async context managers (superseding `startup` and `shutdown` events). Initial PR [#2944](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2944) by [@uSpike](https://github.com/uSpike). + +Now, instead of using independent `startup` and `shutdown` events, you can define that logic in a single function with `yield` decorated with `@asynccontextmanager` (an async context manager). + +For example: + +```Python +from contextlib import asynccontextmanager + +from fastapi import FastAPI + + +def fake_answer_to_everything_ml_model(x: float): + return x * 42 + + +ml_models = {} + + +@asynccontextmanager +async def lifespan(app: FastAPI): + # Load the ML model + ml_models["answer_to_everything"] = fake_answer_to_everything_ml_model + yield + # Clean up the ML models and release the resources + ml_models.clear() + + +app = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan) + + +@app.get("/predict") +async def predict(x: float): + result = ml_models["answer_to_everything"](x) + return {"result": result} +``` + +**Note**: This is the recommended way going forward, instead of using `startup` and `shutdown` events. + +Read more about it in the new docs: [Advanced User Guide: Lifespan Events](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/). + +### Docs + +* ✏ Fix formatting in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/metadata.md` for `ReDoc`. PR [#6005](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/6005) by [@eykamp](https://github.com/eykamp). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Tamil translations - initial setup. PR [#5564](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5564) by [@gusty1g](https://github.com/gusty1g). +* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md`. PR [#9221](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9221) by [@axel584](https://github.com/axel584). +* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/tutorial/debugging.md`. PR [#9175](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9175) by [@frabc](https://github.com/frabc). +* 🌐 Initiate Armenian translation setup. PR [#5844](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5844) by [@har8](https://github.com/har8). +* 🌐 Add French translation for `deployment/manually.md`. PR [#3693](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3693) by [@rjNemo](https://github.com/rjNemo). + +### Internal + +* 👷 Update translation bot messages. PR [#9206](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9206) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Update translations bot to use Discussions, and notify when a PR is done. PR [#9183](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9183) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update sponsors-badges. PR [#9182](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9182) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#9181](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9181) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions). +* 🔊 Log GraphQL errors in FastAPI People, because it returns 200, with a payload with an error. PR [#9171](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9171) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 💚 Fix/workaround GitHub Actions in Docker with git for FastAPI People. PR [#9169](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9169) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ♻️ Refactor FastAPI Experts to use only discussions now that questions are migrated. PR [#9165](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/9165) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆️ Upgrade analytics. PR [#6025](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/6025) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆️ Upgrade and re-enable installing Typer-CLI. PR [#6008](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/6008) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.92.0 + +🚨 This is a security fix. Please upgrade as soon as possible. + +### Upgrades + +* ⬆️ Upgrade Starlette to 0.25.0. PR [#5996](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5996) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + * This solves a vulnerability that could allow denial of service attacks by using many small multipart fields/files (parts), consuming high CPU and memory. + * Only applications using forms (e.g. file uploads) could be affected. + * For most cases, upgrading won't have any breaking changes. + +## 0.91.0 + +### Upgrades + +* ⬆️ Upgrade Starlette version to `0.24.0` and refactor internals for compatibility. PR [#5985](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5985) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + * This can solve nuanced errors when using middlewares. Before Starlette `0.24.0`, a new instance of each middleware class would be created when a new middleware was added. That normally was not a problem, unless the middleware class expected to be created only once, with only one instance, that happened in some cases. This upgrade would solve those cases (thanks [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb)! Starlette PR [#2017](https://github.com/encode/starlette/pull/2017)). Now the middleware class instances are created once, right before the first request (the first time the app is called). + * If you depended on that previous behavior, you might need to update your code. As always, make sure your tests pass before merging the upgrade. + +## 0.90.1 + +### Upgrades + +* ⬆️ Upgrade Starlette range to allow 0.23.1. PR [#5980](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5980) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Docs + +* ✏ Tweak wording to clarify `docs/en/docs/project-generation.md`. PR [#5930](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5930) by [@chandra-deb](https://github.com/chandra-deb). +* ✏ Update Pydantic GitHub URLs. PR [#5952](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5952) by [@yezz123](https://github.com/yezz123). +* 📝 Add opinion from Cisco. PR [#5981](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5981) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md`. PR [#5890](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5890) by [@bnzone](https://github.com/bnzone). + +### Internal + +* ✏ Update `zip-docs.sh` internal script, remove extra space. PR [#5931](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5931) by [@JuanPerdomo00](https://github.com/JuanPerdomo00). + +## 0.90.0 + +### Upgrades + +* ⬆️ Bump Starlette from 0.22.0 to 0.23.0. Initial PR [#5739](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5739) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex). + +### Docs + +* 📝 Add article "Tortoise ORM / FastAPI 整合快速筆記" to External Links. PR [#5496](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5496) by [@Leon0824](https://github.com/Leon0824). +* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5954](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5954) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions). +* 📝 Micro-tweak help docs. PR [#5960](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5960) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update new issue chooser to direct to GitHub Discussions. PR [#5948](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5948) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 📝 Recommend GitHub Discussions for questions. PR [#5944](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5944) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md`. PR [#5898](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5898) by [@simatheone](https://github.com/simatheone). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/help-fastapi.md`. PR [#5970](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5970) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/static-files.md`. PR [#5858](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5858) by [@batlopes](https://github.com/batlopes). +* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/encoder.md`. PR [#5525](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5525) by [@felipebpl](https://github.com/felipebpl). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/contributing.md`. PR [#5870](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5870) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus). + +### Internal + +* ⬆️ Upgrade Ubuntu version for docs workflow. PR [#5971](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5971) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update sponsors badges. PR [#5943](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5943) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ✨ Compute FastAPI Experts including GitHub Discussions. PR [#5941](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5941) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆️ Upgrade isort and update pre-commit. PR [#5940](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5940) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Add template for questions in Discussions. PR [#5920](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5920) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update Sponsor Budget Insight to Powens. PR [#5916](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5916) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update GitHub Sponsors badge data. PR [#5915](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5915) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.89.1 + +### Fixes + +* 🐛 Ignore Response classes on return annotation. PR [#5855](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5855) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex). See the new docs in the PR below. + +### Docs + +* 📝 Update docs and examples for Response Model with Return Type Annotations, and update runtime error. PR [#5873](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5873) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). New docs at [Response Model - Return Type: Other Return Type Annotations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#other-return-type-annotations). +* 📝 Add External Link: FastAPI lambda container: serverless simplified. PR [#5784](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5784) by [@rafrasenberg](https://github.com/rafrasenberg). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Turkish translation for `docs/tr/docs/tutorial/first_steps.md`. PR [#5691](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5691) by [@Kadermiyanyedi](https://github.com/Kadermiyanyedi). + +## 0.89.0 + +### Features + +* ✨ Add support for function return type annotations to declare the `response_model`. Initial PR [#1436](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/1436) by [@uriyyo](https://github.com/uriyyo). + +Now you can declare the return type / `response_model` in the function return type annotation: + +```python +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + price: float + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items() -> list[Item]: + return [ + Item(name="Portal Gun", price=42.0), + Item(name="Plumbus", price=32.0), + ] +``` + +FastAPI will use the return type annotation to perform: + +* Data validation +* Automatic documentation + * It could power automatic client generators +* **Data filtering** + +Before this version it was only supported via the `response_model` parameter. + +Read more about it in the new docs: [Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/). + +### Docs + +* 📝 Add External Link: Authorization on FastAPI with Casbin. PR [#5712](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5712) by [@Xhy-5000](https://github.com/Xhy-5000). +* ✏ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/async.md`. PR [#5785](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5785) by [@Kingdageek](https://github.com/Kingdageek). +* ✏ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/deployment/concepts.md`. PR [#5824](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5824) by [@kelbyfaessler](https://github.com/kelbyfaessler). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/fastapi-people.md`. PR [#5577](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5577) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus). +* 🌐 Fix typo in Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/benchmarks.md`. PR [#4269](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4269) by [@15027668g](https://github.com/15027668g). +* 🌐 Add Korean translation for `docs/tutorial/cors.md`. PR [#3764](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3764) by [@NinaHwang](https://github.com/NinaHwang). + +### Internal + +* ⬆ Update coverage[toml] requirement from <7.0,>=6.5.0 to >=6.5.0,<8.0. PR [#5801](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5801) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Update uvicorn[standard] requirement from <0.19.0,>=0.12.0 to >=0.12.0,<0.21.0 for development. PR [#5795](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5795) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.24.2 to 2.24.3. PR [#5842](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5842) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5825](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5825) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions). +* ⬆ Bump types-ujson from 5.5.0 to 5.6.0.0. PR [#5735](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5735) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish from 1.5.2 to 1.6.4. PR [#5750](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5750) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* 👷 Add GitHub Action gate/check. PR [#5492](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5492) by [@webknjaz](https://github.com/webknjaz). +* 🔧 Update sponsors, add Svix. PR [#5848](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5848) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Remove Doist sponsor. PR [#5847](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5847) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆ Update sqlalchemy requirement from <=1.4.41,>=1.3.18 to >=1.3.18,<1.4.43. PR [#5540](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5540) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump nwtgck/actions-netlify from 1.2.4 to 2.0.0. PR [#5757](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5757) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* 👷 Refactor CI artifact upload/download for docs previews. PR [#5793](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5793) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆ Bump pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish from 1.5.1 to 1.5.2. PR [#5714](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5714) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5722](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5722) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions). +* 🔧 Update sponsors, disable course bundle. PR [#5713](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5713) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆ Update typer[all] requirement from <0.7.0,>=0.6.1 to >=0.6.1,<0.8.0. PR [#5639](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5639) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). + +## 0.88.0 + +### Upgrades + +* ⬆ Bump Starlette to version `0.22.0` to fix bad encoding for query parameters in new `TestClient`. PR [#5659](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5659) by [@azogue](https://github.com/azogue). + +### Docs + +* ✏️ Fix typo in docs for `docs/en/docs/advanced/middleware.md`. PR [#5376](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5376) by [@rifatrakib](https://github.com/rifatrakib). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/deployment/docker.md`. PR [#5663](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5663) by [@ayr-ton](https://github.com/ayr-ton). + +### Internal + +* 👷 Tweak build-docs to improve CI performance. PR [#5699](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5699) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5566](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5566) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci). +* ⬆️ Upgrade Ruff. PR [#5698](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5698) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Remove pip cache for Smokeshow as it depends on a requirements.txt. PR [#5700](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5700) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 💚 Fix pip cache for Smokeshow. PR [#5697](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5697) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Fix and tweak CI cache handling. PR [#5696](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5696) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👷 Update `setup-python` action in tests to use new caching feature. PR [#5680](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5680) by [@madkinsz](https://github.com/madkinsz). +* ⬆ Bump black from 22.8.0 to 22.10.0. PR [#5569](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5569) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). + +## 0.87.0 + +Highlights of this release: + +* [Upgraded Starlette](https://github.com/encode/starlette/releases/tag/0.21.0) + * Now the `TestClient` is based on HTTPX instead of Requests. 🚀 + * There are some possible **breaking changes** in the `TestClient` usage, but [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex) built [bump-testclient](https://github.com/Kludex/bump-testclient) to help you automatize migrating your tests. Make sure you are using Git and that you can undo any unnecessary changes (false positive changes, etc) before using `bump-testclient`. +* New [WebSocketException (and docs)](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/#using-depends-and-others), re-exported from Starlette. +* Upgraded and relaxed dependencies for package extras `all` (including new Uvicorn version), when you install `"fastapi[all]"`. +* New docs about how to [**Help Maintain FastAPI**](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/help-fastapi/#help-maintain-fastapi). + +### Features + +* ⬆️ Upgrade and relax dependencies for extras "all". PR [#5634](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5634) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ✨ Re-export Starlette's `WebSocketException` and add it to docs. PR [#5629](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5629) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 📝 Update references to Requests for tests to HTTPX, and add HTTPX to extras. PR [#5628](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5628) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆ Upgrade Starlette to `0.21.0`, including the new [`TestClient` based on HTTPX](https://github.com/encode/starlette/releases/tag/0.21.0). PR [#5471](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5471) by [@pawelrubin](https://github.com/pawelrubin). + +### Docs + +* ✏️ Tweak Help FastAPI from PR review after merging. PR [#5633](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5633) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ✏️ Clarify docs on CORS. PR [#5627](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5627) by [@paxcodes](https://github.com/paxcodes). +* 📝 Update Help FastAPI: Help Maintain FastAPI. PR [#5632](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5632) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Fix highlight lines for Japanese translation for `docs/tutorial/query-params.md`. PR [#2969](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2969) by [@ftnext](https://github.com/ftnext). +* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/advanced/additional-status-code.md`. PR [#5477](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5477) by [@axel584](https://github.com/axel584). +* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md`. PR [#5579](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5579) by [@batlopes](https://github.com/batlopes). +* 🌐 Add Japanese translation for `docs/ja/docs/advanced/websockets.md`. PR [#4983](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4983) by [@xryuseix](https://github.com/xryuseix). + +### Internal + +* ✨ Use Ruff for linting. PR [#5630](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5630) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🛠 Add Arabic issue number to Notify Translations GitHub Action. PR [#5610](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5610) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.24.1 to 2.24.2. PR [#5609](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5609) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.24.0 to 2.24.1. PR [#5603](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5603) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* 📝 Update coverage badge to use Samuel Colvin's Smokeshow. PR [#5585](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5585) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.86.0 + +### Features + +* ⬆ Add Python 3.11 to the officially supported versions. PR [#5587](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5587) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ✅ Enable tests for Python 3.11. PR [#4881](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4881) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Fixes + +* 🐛 Close FormData (uploaded files) after the request is done. PR [#5465](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5465) by [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb). + +### Docs + +* ✏ Fix typo in `docs/en/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md`. PR [#5584](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5584) by [@vivekashok1221](https://github.com/vivekashok1221). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Update wording in Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/python-types.md`. PR [#5416](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5416) by [@supercaizehua](https://github.com/supercaizehua). +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/deployment/index.md`. PR [#5336](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5336) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus). +* 🌐 Update Chinese translation for `docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md`. PR [#3846](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3846) by [@jaystone776](https://github.com/jaystone776). + +### Internal + +* 👷 Update FastAPI People to exclude bots: pre-commit-ci, dependabot. PR [#5586](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5586) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🎨 Format OpenAPI JSON in `test_starlette_exception.py`. PR [#5379](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5379) by [@iudeen](https://github.com/iudeen). +* 👷 Switch from Codecov to Smokeshow plus pytest-cov to pure coverage for internal tests. PR [#5583](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5583) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5571](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5571) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions). + +## 0.85.2 + +### Docs + +* ✏ Fix grammar and add helpful links to dependencies in `docs/en/docs/async.md`. PR [#5432](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5432) by [@pamelafox](https://github.com/pamelafox). +* ✏ Fix broken link in `alternatives.md`. PR [#5455](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5455) by [@su-shubham](https://github.com/su-shubham). +* ✏ Fix typo in docs about contributing, for compatibility with `pip` in Zsh. PR [#5523](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5523) by [@zhangbo2012](https://github.com/zhangbo2012). +* 📝 Fix typo in docs with examples for Python 3.10 instead of 3.9. PR [#5545](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5545) by [@feliciss](https://github.com/feliciss). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md`. PR [#4934](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4934) by [@batlopes](https://github.com/batlopes). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md`. PR [#4971](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4971) by [@Zssaer](https://github.com/Zssaer). +* 🌐 Add French translation for `deployment/deta.md`. PR [#3692](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3692) by [@rjNemo](https://github.com/rjNemo). +* 🌐 Update Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md`. PR [#5255](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5255) by [@hjlarry](https://github.com/hjlarry). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md`. PR [#4999](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4999) by [@Zssaer](https://github.com/Zssaer). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/advanced/wsgi.md`. PR [#4505](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4505) by [@ASpathfinder](https://github.com/ASpathfinder). +* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md`. PR [#4111](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4111) by [@lbmendes](https://github.com/lbmendes). +* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md`. PR [#4099](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4099) by [@lbmendes](https://github.com/lbmendes). +* 🌐 Add French translation for `deployment/versions.md`. PR [#3690](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3690) by [@rjNemo](https://github.com/rjNemo). +* 🌐 Add French translation for `docs/fr/docs/help-fastapi.md`. PR [#2233](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2233) by [@JulianMaurin](https://github.com/JulianMaurin). +* 🌐 Fix typo in Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md`. PR [#5530](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5530) by [@yuki1sntSnow](https://github.com/yuki1sntSnow). +* 🌐 Add Portuguese translation for `docs/pt/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md`. PR [#4922](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4922) by [@batlopes](https://github.com/batlopes). +* 🔧 Add config for Tamil translations. PR [#5563](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5563) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Internal + +* ⬆ Bump internal dependency mypy from 0.971 to 0.982. PR [#5541](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5541) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump nwtgck/actions-netlify from 1.2.3 to 1.2.4. PR [#5507](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5507) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump internal dependency types-ujson from 5.4.0 to 5.5.0. PR [#5537](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5537) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.23.0 to 2.24.0. PR [#5508](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5508) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ Update internal dependency pytest-cov requirement from <4.0.0,>=2.12.0 to >=2.12.0,<5.0.0. PR [#5539](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5539) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5536](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5536) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci). +* 🐛 Fix internal Trio test warnings. PR [#5547](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5547) by [@samuelcolvin](https://github.com/samuelcolvin). +* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5408](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5408) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci). +* ⬆️ Upgrade Typer to include Rich in scripts for docs. PR [#5502](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5502) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🐛 Fix calling `mkdocs` for languages as a subprocess to fix/enable MkDocs Material search plugin. PR [#5501](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5501) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.85.1 + +### Fixes + +* 🐛 Fix support for strings in OpenAPI status codes: `default`, `1XX`, `2XX`, `3XX`, `4XX`, `5XX`. PR [#5187](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5187) by [@JarroVGIT](https://github.com/JarroVGIT). + +### Docs + +* 📝 Add WayScript x FastAPI Tutorial to External Links section. PR [#5407](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5407) by [@moneeka](https://github.com/moneeka). + +### Internal + +* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5447](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5447) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions). +* 🔧 Disable Material for MkDocs search plugin. PR [#5495](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5495) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔇 Ignore Trio warning in tests for CI. PR [#5483](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5483) by [@samuelcolvin](https://github.com/samuelcolvin). + +## 0.85.0 + +### Features + +* ⬆ Upgrade version required of Starlette from `0.19.1` to `0.20.4`. Initial PR [#4820](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4820) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex). + * This includes several bug fixes in Starlette. +* ⬆️ Upgrade Uvicorn max version in public extras: all. From `>=0.12.0,<0.18.0` to `>=0.12.0,<0.19.0`. PR [#5401](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5401) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Internal + +* ⬆️ Upgrade dependencies for doc and dev internal extras: Typer, Uvicorn. PR [#5400](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5400) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆️ Upgrade test dependencies: Black, HTTPX, databases, types-ujson. PR [#5399](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5399) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* ⬆️ Upgrade mypy and tweak internal type annotations. PR [#5398](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5398) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 🔧 Update test dependencies, upgrade Pytest, move dependencies from dev to test. PR [#5396](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5396) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.84.0 + +### Breaking Changes + +This version of FastAPI drops support for Python 3.6. 🔥 Please upgrade to a supported version of Python (3.7 or above), Python 3.6 reached the end-of-life a long time ago. 😅☠ + +* 🔧 Update package metadata, drop support for Python 3.6, move build internals from Flit to Hatch. PR [#5240](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5240) by [@ofek](https://github.com/ofek). + +## 0.83.0 + +🚨 This is probably the last release (or one of the last releases) to support Python 3.6. 🔥 + +Python 3.6 reached the [end-of-life and is no longer supported by Python](https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3615/) since around a year ago. + +You hopefully updated to a supported version of Python a while ago. If you haven't, you really should. + +### Features + +* ✨ Add support in `jsonable_encoder` for include and exclude with dataclasses. PR [#4923](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4923) by [@DCsunset](https://github.com/DCsunset). + +### Fixes + +* 🐛 Fix `RuntimeError` raised when `HTTPException` has a status code with no content. PR [#5365](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5365) by [@iudeen](https://github.com/iudeen). +* 🐛 Fix empty reponse body when default `status_code` is empty but the a `Response` parameter with `response.status_code` is set. PR [#5360](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5360) by [@tmeckel](https://github.com/tmeckel). + +### Docs + +* 📝 Update `SECURITY.md`. PR [#5377](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5377) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex). + +### Internal + +* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5352](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5352) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci). + +## 0.82.0 + +🚨 This is probably the last release (or one of the last releases) to support Python 3.6. 🔥 + +Python 3.6 reached the [end-of-life and is no longer supported by Python](https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3615/) since around a year ago. + +You hopefully updated to a supported version of Python a while ago. If you haven't, you really should. + +### Features + +* ✨ Export `WebSocketState` in `fastapi.websockets`. PR [#4376](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4376) by [@matiuszka](https://github.com/matiuszka). +* ✨ Support Python internal description on Pydantic model's docstring. PR [#3032](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3032) by [@Kludex](https://github.com/Kludex). +* ✨ Update `ORJSONResponse` to support non `str` keys and serializing Numpy arrays. PR [#3892](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3892) by [@baby5](https://github.com/baby5). + +### Fixes + +* 🐛 Allow exit code for dependencies with `yield` to always execute, by removing capacity limiter for them, to e.g. allow closing DB connections without deadlocks. PR [#5122](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5122) by [@adriangb](https://github.com/adriangb). +* 🐛 Fix FastAPI People GitHub Action: set HTTPX timeout for GraphQL query request. PR [#5222](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5222) by [@iudeen](https://github.com/iudeen). +* 🐛 Make sure a parameter defined as required is kept required in OpenAPI even if defined as optional in another dependency. PR [#4319](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4319) by [@cd17822](https://github.com/cd17822). +* 🐛 Fix support for path parameters in WebSockets. PR [#3879](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3879) by [@davidbrochart](https://github.com/davidbrochart). + +### Docs + +* ✏ Update Hypercorn link, now pointing to GitHub. PR [#5346](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5346) by [@baconfield](https://github.com/baconfield). +* ✏ Tweak wording in `docs/en/docs/advanced/dataclasses.md`. PR [#3698](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/3698) by [@pfackeldey](https://github.com/pfackeldey). +* 📝 Add note about Python 3.10 `X | Y` operator in explanation about Response Models. PR [#5307](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5307) by [@MendyLanda](https://github.com/MendyLanda). +* 📝 Add link to New Relic article: "How to monitor FastAPI application performance using Python agent". PR [#5260](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5260) by [@sjyothi54](https://github.com/sjyothi54). +* 📝 Update docs for `ORJSONResponse` with details about improving performance. PR [#2615](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/2615) by [@falkben](https://github.com/falkben). +* 📝 Add docs for creating a custom Response class. PR [#5331](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5331) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). +* 📝 Add tip about using alias for form data fields. PR [#5329](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5329) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +### Translations + +* 🌐 Add Russian translation for `docs/ru/docs/features.md`. PR [#5315](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5315) by [@Xewus](https://github.com/Xewus). +* 🌐 Update Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-files.md`. PR [#4529](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4529) by [@ASpathfinder](https://github.com/ASpathfinder). +* 🌐 Add Chinese translation for `docs/zh/docs/tutorial/encoder.md`. PR [#4969](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4969) by [@Zssaer](https://github.com/Zssaer). +* 🌐 Fix MkDocs file line for Portuguese translation of `background-task.md`. PR [#5242](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5242) by [@ComicShrimp](https://github.com/ComicShrimp). + +### Internal + +* 👥 Update FastAPI People. PR [#5347](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5347) by [@github-actions[bot]](https://github.com/apps/github-actions). +* ⬆ Bump dawidd6/action-download-artifact from 2.22.0 to 2.23.0. PR [#5321](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5321) by [@dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot). +* ⬆ [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate. PR [#5318](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5318) by [@pre-commit-ci[bot]](https://github.com/apps/pre-commit-ci). +* ✏ Fix a small code highlight line error. PR [#5256](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5256) by [@hjlarry](https://github.com/hjlarry). +* ♻ Internal small refactor, move `operation_id` parameter position in delete method for consistency with the code. PR [#4474](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/4474) by [@hiel](https://github.com/hiel). +* 🔧 Update sponsors, disable ImgWhale. PR [#5338](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/5338) by [@tiangolo](https://github.com/tiangolo). + +## 0.81.0 + +### Features + +* ✨ Add ReDoc `
{% endblock %} +{%- block scripts %} +{{ super() }} + + + + + + + +{%- endblock %} diff --git a/docs/en/overrides/partials/copyright.html b/docs/en/overrides/partials/copyright.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dcca89abe --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/en/overrides/partials/copyright.html @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +
+
+ The FastAPI trademark is owned by @tiangolo and is registered in the US and across other regions +
+ {% if not config.extra.generator == false %} + Made with + + Material for MkDocs + + {% endif %} +
diff --git a/docs/es/docs/about/index.md b/docs/es/docs/about/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e83400a8d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/es/docs/about/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Acerca de + +Acerca de FastAPI, su diseño, inspiración y más. 🤓 diff --git a/docs/es/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md b/docs/es/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md index 67224fb36..eaa3369eb 100644 --- a/docs/es/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md +++ b/docs/es/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Pero también quieres que acepte nuevos ítems. Cuando los ítems no existan ant Para conseguir esto importa `JSONResponse` y devuelve ahí directamente tu contenido, asignando el `status_code` que quieras: -```Python hl_lines="2 19" +```Python hl_lines="4 25" {!../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py!} ``` @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Para conseguir esto importa `JSONResponse` y devuelve ahí directamente tu conte No será serializado con el modelo, etc. - Asegurate de que la respuesta tenga los datos que quieras, y que los valores sean JSON válidos (si estás usando `JSONResponse`). + Asegúrate de que la respuesta tenga los datos que quieras, y que los valores sean JSON válidos (si estás usando `JSONResponse`). !!! note "Detalles Técnicos" También podrías utilizar `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`. diff --git a/docs/es/docs/advanced/index.md b/docs/es/docs/advanced/index.md index 1bee540f2..ba1d20b0d 100644 --- a/docs/es/docs/advanced/index.md +++ b/docs/es/docs/advanced/index.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Guía de Usuario Avanzada - Introducción +# Guía de Usuario Avanzada ## Características Adicionales diff --git a/docs/es/docs/advanced/response-change-status-code.md b/docs/es/docs/advanced/response-change-status-code.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ecd9fad41 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/es/docs/advanced/response-change-status-code.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# Response - Cambiar el Status Code + +Probablemente ya has leído con anterioridad que puedes establecer un [Response Status Code](../tutorial/response-status-code.md){.internal-link target=_blank} por defecto. + +Pero en algunos casos necesitas retornar un status code diferente al predeterminado. + +## Casos de uso + +Por ejemplo, imagina que quieres retornar un HTTP status code de "OK" `200` por defecto. + +Pero si los datos no existen, quieres crearlos y retornar un HTTP status code de "CREATED" `201`. + +Pero aún quieres poder filtrar y convertir los datos que retornas con un `response_model`. + +Para esos casos, puedes usar un parámetro `Response`. + +## Usar un parámetro `Response` + +Puedes declarar un parámetro de tipo `Response` en tu *función de la operación de path* (como puedes hacer para cookies y headers). + +Y luego puedes establecer el `status_code` en ese objeto de respuesta *temporal*. + +```Python hl_lines="1 9 12" +{!../../../docs_src/response_change_status_code/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Y luego puedes retornar cualquier objeto que necesites, como normalmente lo harías (un `dict`, un modelo de base de datos, etc). + +Y si declaraste un `response_model`, aún se usará para filtrar y convertir el objeto que retornaste. + +**FastAPI** usará esa respuesta *temporal* para extraer el código de estado (también cookies y headers), y los pondrá en la respuesta final que contiene el valor que retornaste, filtrado por cualquier `response_model`. + +También puedes declarar la dependencia del parámetro `Response`, y establecer el código de estado en ellos. Pero ten en cuenta que el último en establecerse será el que gane. diff --git a/docs/es/docs/advanced/response-directly.md b/docs/es/docs/advanced/response-directly.md index 54dadf576..dee44ac08 100644 --- a/docs/es/docs/advanced/response-directly.md +++ b/docs/es/docs/advanced/response-directly.md @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Y cuando devuelves una `Response`, **FastAPI** la pasará directamente. No hará ninguna conversión de datos con modelos Pydantic, no convertirá el contenido a ningún tipo, etc. -Esto te da mucha flexibilidad. Puedes devolver cualquier tipo de dato, sobrescribir cualquer declaración de datos o validación, etc. +Esto te da mucha flexibilidad. Puedes devolver cualquier tipo de dato, sobrescribir cualquier declaración de datos o validación, etc. ## Usando el `jsonable_encoder` en una `Response` diff --git a/docs/es/docs/async.md b/docs/es/docs/async.md index 90fd7b3d8..83dd532ee 100644 --- a/docs/es/docs/async.md +++ b/docs/es/docs/async.md @@ -104,24 +104,40 @@ Para entender las diferencias, imagina la siguiente historia sobre hamburguesas: Vas con la persona que te gusta 😍 a pedir comida rápida 🍔, haces cola mientras el cajero 💁 recoge los pedidos de las personas de delante tuyo. +illustration + Llega tu turno, haces tu pedido de 2 hamburguesas impresionantes para esa persona 😍 y para ti. -Pagas 💸. +illustration El cajero 💁 le dice algo al chico de la cocina 👨‍🍳 para que sepa que tiene que preparar tus hamburguesas 🍔 (a pesar de que actualmente está preparando las de los clientes anteriores). +illustration + +Pagas 💸. El cajero 💁 te da el número de tu turno. +illustration + Mientras esperas, vas con esa persona 😍 y eliges una mesa, se sientan y hablan durante un rato largo (ya que las hamburguesas son muy impresionantes y necesitan un rato para prepararse ✨🍔✨). Mientras te sientas en la mesa con esa persona 😍, esperando las hamburguesas 🍔, puedes disfrutar ese tiempo admirando lo increíble, inteligente, y bien que se ve ✨😍✨. +illustration + Mientras esperas y hablas con esa persona 😍, de vez en cuando, verificas el número del mostrador para ver si ya es tu turno. Al final, en algún momento, llega tu turno. Vas al mostrador, coges tus hamburguesas 🍔 y vuelves a la mesa. +illustration + Tú y esa persona 😍 se comen las hamburguesas 🍔 y la pasan genial ✨. +illustration + +!!! info + Las ilustraciones fueron creados por Ketrina Thompson. 🎨 + --- Imagina que eres el sistema / programa 🤖 en esa historia. @@ -150,26 +166,41 @@ Haces la cola mientras varios cajeros (digamos 8) que a la vez son cocineros Todos los que están antes de ti están esperando 🕙 que sus hamburguesas 🍔 estén listas antes de dejar el mostrador porque cada uno de los 8 cajeros prepara la hamburguesa de inmediato antes de recibir el siguiente pedido. +illustration + Entonces finalmente es tu turno, haces tu pedido de 2 hamburguesas 🍔 impresionantes para esa persona 😍 y para ti. Pagas 💸. +illustration + El cajero va a la cocina 👨‍🍳. Esperas, de pie frente al mostrador 🕙, para que nadie más recoja tus hamburguesas 🍔, ya que no hay números para los turnos. +illustration + Como tu y esa persona 😍 están ocupados en impedir que alguien se ponga delante y recoja tus hamburguesas apenas llegan 🕙, tampoco puedes prestarle atención a esa persona 😞. Este es un trabajo "síncrono", estás "sincronizado" con el cajero / cocinero 👨‍🍳. Tienes que esperar y estar allí en el momento exacto en que el cajero / cocinero 👨‍🍳 termina las hamburguesas 🍔 y te las da, o de lo contrario, alguien más podría cogerlas. +illustration + Luego, el cajero / cocinero 👨‍🍳 finalmente regresa con tus hamburguesas 🍔, después de mucho tiempo esperando 🕙 frente al mostrador. +illustration + Cojes tus hamburguesas 🍔 y vas a la mesa con esa persona 😍. Sólo las comes y listo 🍔 ⏹. +illustration + No has hablado ni coqueteado mucho, ya que has pasado la mayor parte del tiempo esperando 🕙 frente al mostrador 😞. +!!! info + Las ilustraciones fueron creados por Ketrina Thompson. 🎨 + --- En este escenario de las hamburguesas paralelas, tú eres un sistema / programa 🤖 con dos procesadores (tú y la persona que te gusta 😍), ambos esperando 🕙 y dedicando su atención ⏯ a estar "esperando en el mostrador" 🕙 durante mucho tiempo. @@ -240,7 +271,7 @@ Pero en este caso, si pudieras traer a los 8 ex cajeros / cocineros / ahora limp En este escenario, cada uno de los limpiadores (incluido tú) sería un procesador, haciendo su parte del trabajo. -Y como la mayor parte del tiempo de ejecución lo coge el trabajo real (en lugar de esperar), y el trabajo en un sistema lo realiza una CPU , a estos problemas se les llama "CPU bond". +Y como la mayor parte del tiempo de ejecución lo coge el trabajo real (en lugar de esperar), y el trabajo en un sistema lo realiza una CPU , a estos problemas se les llama "CPU bound". --- @@ -257,7 +288,7 @@ Por ejemplo: Con **FastAPI** puedes aprovechar la concurrencia que es muy común para el desarrollo web (atractivo principal de NodeJS). -Pero también puedes aprovechar los beneficios del paralelismo y el multiprocesamiento (tener múltiples procesos ejecutándose en paralelo) para cargas de trabajo **CPU bond** como las de los sistemas de Machine Learning. +Pero también puedes aprovechar los beneficios del paralelismo y el multiprocesamiento (tener múltiples procesos ejecutándose en paralelo) para cargas de trabajo **CPU bound** como las de los sistemas de Machine Learning. Eso, más el simple hecho de que Python es el lenguaje principal para **Data Science**, Machine Learning y especialmente Deep Learning, hacen de FastAPI una muy buena combinación para las API y aplicaciones web de Data Science / Machine Learning (entre muchas otras). diff --git a/docs/es/docs/external-links.md b/docs/es/docs/external-links.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cfbdd68a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/es/docs/external-links.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# Enlaces Externos y Artículos + +**FastAPI** tiene una gran comunidad en constante crecimiento. + +Hay muchas publicaciones, artículos, herramientas y proyectos relacionados con **FastAPI**. + +Aquí hay una lista incompleta de algunos de ellos. + +!!! tip "Consejo" + Si tienes un artículo, proyecto, herramienta o cualquier cosa relacionada con **FastAPI** que aún no aparece aquí, crea un Pull Request agregándolo. + +{% for section_name, section_content in external_links.items() %} + +## {{ section_name }} + +{% for lang_name, lang_content in section_content.items() %} + +### {{ lang_name }} + +{% for item in lang_content %} + +* {{ item.title }} by {{ item.author }}. + +{% endfor %} +{% endfor %} +{% endfor %} + +## Projects + +Últimos proyectos de GitHub con el tema `fastapi`: + +
+
diff --git a/docs/es/docs/features.md b/docs/es/docs/features.md index 945b2cc94..1496628d1 100644 --- a/docs/es/docs/features.md +++ b/docs/es/docs/features.md @@ -1,3 +1,8 @@ +--- +hide: + - navigation +--- + # Características ## Características de FastAPI @@ -13,7 +18,7 @@ ### Documentación automática -Documentación interactiva de la API e interfaces web de exploración. Hay múltiples opciones, dos incluídas por defecto, porque el framework está basado en OpenAPI. +Documentación interactiva de la API e interfaces web de exploración. Hay múltiples opciones, dos incluidas por defecto, porque el framework está basado en OpenAPI. * Swagger UI, con exploración interactiva, llama y prueba tu API directamente desde tu navegador. @@ -25,7 +30,7 @@ Documentación interactiva de la API e interfaces web de exploración. Hay múlt ### Simplemente Python moderno -Todo está basado en las declaraciones de tipo de **Python 3.6** estándar (gracias a Pydantic). No necesitas aprender una sintáxis nueva, solo Python moderno. +Todo está basado en las declaraciones de tipo de **Python 3.8** estándar (gracias a Pydantic). No necesitas aprender una sintaxis nueva, solo Python moderno. Si necesitas un repaso de 2 minutos de cómo usar los tipos de Python (así no uses FastAPI) prueba el tutorial corto: [Python Types](python-types.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. @@ -72,9 +77,9 @@ my_second_user: User = User(**second_user_data) El framework fue diseñado en su totalidad para ser fácil e intuitivo de usar. Todas las decisiones fueron probadas en múltiples editores antes de comenzar el desarrollo para asegurar la mejor experiencia de desarrollo. -En la última encuesta a desarrolladores de Python fue claro que la característica más usada es el "autocompletado". +En la última encuesta a desarrolladores de Python fue claro que la característica más usada es el "auto-completado". -El framework **FastAPI** está creado para satisfacer eso. El autocompletado funciona en todas partes. +El framework **FastAPI** está creado para satisfacer eso. El auto-completado funciona en todas partes. No vas a tener que volver a la documentación seguido. @@ -140,13 +145,13 @@ FastAPI incluye un sistema de instances de clases que tu defines, el auto-completado, el linting, mypy y tu intuición deberían funcionar bien con tus datos validados. -* **Rápido**: - * En benchmarks Pydantic es más rápido que todas las otras libraries probadas. * Valida **estructuras complejas**: * Usa modelos jerárquicos de modelos de Pydantic, `typing` de Python, `List` y `Dict`, etc. * Los validadores también permiten que se definan fácil y claramente schemas complejos de datos. Estos son chequeados y documentados como JSON Schema. diff --git a/docs/es/docs/help/index.md b/docs/es/docs/help/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f6ce35e9c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/es/docs/help/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Ayuda + +Ayuda y recibe ayuda, contribuye, involúcrate. 🤝 diff --git a/docs/es/docs/index.md b/docs/es/docs/index.md index 65eaf75d0..df8342357 100644 --- a/docs/es/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/es/docs/index.md @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ **Código Fuente**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi --- -FastAPI es un web framework moderno y rápido (de alto rendimiento) para construir APIs con Python 3.6+ basado en las anotaciones de tipos estándar de Python. +FastAPI es un web framework moderno y rápido (de alto rendimiento) para construir APIs con Python 3.8+ basado en las anotaciones de tipos estándar de Python. Sus características principales son: @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Sus características principales son: * **Robusto**: Crea código listo para producción con documentación automática interactiva. * **Basado en estándares**: Basado y totalmente compatible con los estándares abiertos para APIs: OpenAPI (conocido previamente como Swagger) y JSON Schema. -* Esta estimación está basada en pruebas con un equipo de desarrollo interno contruyendo aplicaciones listas para producción. +* Esta estimación está basada en pruebas con un equipo de desarrollo interno construyendo aplicaciones listas para producción. ## Sponsors @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ Si estás construyendo un app de ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ $ pip install uvicorn[standard] ```Python from fastapi import FastAPI -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union app = FastAPI() @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ Si tu código usa `async` / `await`, usa `async def`: ```Python hl_lines="7 12" from fastapi import FastAPI -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union app = FastAPI() @@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ async def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ Declara el body usando las declaraciones de tipo estándares de Python gracias a ```Python hl_lines="2 7-10 23-25" from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union app = FastAPI() @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str price: float - is_offer: Optional[bool] = None + is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None @app.get("/") @@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} @@ -295,11 +295,11 @@ Ahora ve a ujson - para "parsing" de JSON más rápido. * email_validator - para validación de emails. Usados por Starlette: -* requests - Requerido si quieres usar el `TestClient`. -* aiofiles - Requerido si quieres usar `FileResponse` o `StaticFiles`. +* httpx - Requerido si quieres usar el `TestClient`. * jinja2 - Requerido si quieres usar la configuración por defecto de templates. * python-multipart - Requerido si quieres dar soporte a "parsing" de formularios, con `request.form()`. * itsdangerous - Requerido para dar soporte a `SessionMiddleware`. diff --git a/docs/es/docs/learn/index.md b/docs/es/docs/learn/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b8d26cf34 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/es/docs/learn/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# Aprender + +Aquí están las secciones introductorias y los tutoriales para aprender **FastAPI**. + +Podrías considerar esto como un **libro**, un **curso**, la forma **oficial** y recomendada de aprender FastAPI. 😎 diff --git a/docs/es/docs/newsletter.md b/docs/es/docs/newsletter.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4dcfe155 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/es/docs/newsletter.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# Boletín de Noticias de FastAPI y amigos + + + + diff --git a/docs/es/docs/python-types.md b/docs/es/docs/python-types.md index e9fd61629..b83cbe3f5 100644 --- a/docs/es/docs/python-types.md +++ b/docs/es/docs/python-types.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ **Python 3.6+** tiene soporte para "type hints" opcionales. -Estos **type hints** son una nueva sintáxis, desde Python 3.6+, que permite declarar el tipo de una variable. +Estos **type hints** son una nueva sintaxis, desde Python 3.6+, que permite declarar el tipo de una variable. Usando las declaraciones de tipos para tus variables, los editores y otras herramientas pueden proveerte un soporte mejor. @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ La función hace lo siguiente: * Toma un `first_name` y un `last_name`. * Convierte la primera letra de cada uno en una letra mayúscula con `title()`. -* Las concatena con un espacio en la mitad. +* Las concatena con un espacio en la mitad. ```Python hl_lines="2" {!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial001.py!} @@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ Pero, luego tienes que llamar "ese método que convierte la primera letra en una Era `upper`? O era `uppercase`? `first_uppercase`? `capitalize`? -Luego lo intentas con el viejo amigo de los programadores, el autocompletado del editor. +Luego lo intentas con el viejo amigo de los programadores, el auto-completado del editor. -Escribes el primer parámetro de la función `first_name`, luego un punto (`.`) y luego presionas `Ctrl+Space` para iniciar el autocompletado. +Escribes el primer parámetro de la función `first_name`, luego un punto (`.`) y luego presionas `Ctrl+Space` para iniciar el auto-completado. Tristemente, no obtienes nada útil: @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Añadir los type hints normalmente no cambia lo que sucedería si ellos no estuv Pero ahora imagina que nuevamente estás creando la función, pero con los type hints. -En el mismo punto intentas iniciar el autocompletado con `Ctrl+Space` y ves: +En el mismo punto intentas iniciar el auto-completado con `Ctrl+Space` y ves: @@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ Mira esta función que ya tiene type hints: {!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial003.py!} ``` -Como el editor conoce el tipo de las variables no solo obtienes autocompletado, si no que también obtienes chequeo de errores: +Como el editor conoce el tipo de las variables no solo obtienes auto-completado, si no que también obtienes chequeo de errores: @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ De `typing`, importa `List` (con una `L` mayúscula): {!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!} ``` -Declara la variable con la misma sintáxis de los dos puntos (`:`). +Declara la variable con la misma sintaxis de los dos puntos (`:`). Pon `List` como el tipo. @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ Esto significa: la variable `items` es una `list` y cada uno de los ítems en es Con esta declaración tu editor puede proveerte soporte inclusive mientras está procesando ítems de la lista. -Sin tipos el autocompletado en este tipo de estructura es casi imposible de lograr: +Sin tipos el auto-completado en este tipo de estructura es casi imposible de lograr: diff --git a/docs/es/docs/resources/index.md b/docs/es/docs/resources/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..92898d319 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/es/docs/resources/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Recursos + +Recursos adicionales, enlaces externos, artículos y más. ✈️ diff --git a/docs/es/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md b/docs/es/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md index 79f0a51c0..2cb7e6308 100644 --- a/docs/es/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md +++ b/docs/es/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ $ uvicorn main:my_awesome_api --reload -### Paso 3: crea un *operación de path* +### Paso 3: crea una *operación de path* #### Path @@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ El `@app.get("/")` le dice a **FastAPI** que la función que tiene justo debajo Esa sintaxis `@algo` se llama un "decorador" en Python. Lo pones encima de una función. Es como un lindo sombrero decorado (creo que de ahí salió el concepto). - + Un "decorador" toma la función que tiene debajo y hace algo con ella. En nuestro caso, este decorador le dice a **FastAPI** que la función que está debajo corresponde al **path** `/` con una **operación** `get`. @@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ En este caso es una función `async`. --- -También podrías definirla como una función normal, en vez de `async def`: +También podrías definirla como una función estándar en lugar de `async def`: ```Python hl_lines="7" {!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial003.py!} diff --git a/docs/es/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/es/docs/tutorial/index.md index 9cbdb2727..f0dff02b4 100644 --- a/docs/es/docs/tutorial/index.md +++ b/docs/es/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Tutorial - Guía de Usuario - Introducción +# Tutorial - Guía de Usuario Este tutorial te muestra cómo usar **FastAPI** con la mayoría de sus características paso a paso. @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ $ uvicorn main:app --reload Se **RECOMIENDA** que escribas o copies el código, lo edites y lo ejecutes localmente. -Usarlo en tu editor de código es lo que realmente te muestra los beneficios de FastAPI, al ver la poca cantidad de código que tienes que escribir, todas las verificaciones de tipo, autocompletado, etc. +Usarlo en tu editor de código es lo que realmente te muestra los beneficios de FastAPI, al ver la poca cantidad de código que tienes que escribir, todas las verificaciones de tipo, auto-completado, etc. --- @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Para el tutorial, es posible que quieras instalarlo con todas las dependencias y
```console -$ pip install fastapi[all] +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" ---> 100% ``` @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi[all] También debes instalar `uvicorn` para que funcione como tu servidor: ``` - pip install uvicorn[standard] + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ``` Y lo mismo para cada una de las dependencias opcionales que quieras utilizar. diff --git a/docs/es/docs/tutorial/path-params.md b/docs/es/docs/tutorial/path-params.md index 6432de1cd..765ae4140 100644 --- a/docs/es/docs/tutorial/path-params.md +++ b/docs/es/docs/tutorial/path-params.md @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Puedes declarar el tipo de un parámetro de path en la función usando las anota En este caso, `item_id` es declarado como un `int`. !!! check "Revisa" - Esto te dará soporte en el editor dentro de tu función, con chequeos de errores, autocompletado, etc. + Esto te dará soporte en el editor dentro de tu función, con chequeo de errores, auto-completado, etc. ## Conversión de datos @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ Luego crea atributos de clase con valores fijos, que serán los valores disponib Las Enumerations (o enums) están disponibles en Python desde la versión 3.4. !!! tip "Consejo" - Si lo estás dudando, "AlexNet", "ResNet", y "LeNet" son solo nombres de modelos de Machine Learning. + Si lo estás dudando, "AlexNet", "ResNet", y "LeNet" son solo nombres de modelos de Machine Learning. ### Declara un *parámetro de path* @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ Entonces lo puedes usar con: Con **FastAPI**, usando declaraciones de tipo de Python intuitivas y estándares, obtienes: -* Soporte en el editor: chequeos de errores, auto-completado, etc. +* Soporte en el editor: chequeo de errores, auto-completado, etc. * "Parsing" de datos * Validación de datos * Anotación de la API y documentación automática diff --git a/docs/es/docs/tutorial/query-params.md b/docs/es/docs/tutorial/query-params.md index 69caee6e8..482af8dc0 100644 --- a/docs/es/docs/tutorial/query-params.md +++ b/docs/es/docs/tutorial/query-params.md @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ En este caso el parámetro de la función `q` será opcional y será `None` por !!! note "Nota" FastAPI sabrá que `q` es opcional por el `= None`. - El `Optional` en `Optional[str]` no es usado por FastAPI (FastAPI solo usará la parte `str`), pero el `Optional[str]` le permitirá a tu editor ayudarte a encontrar errores en tu código. + El `Union` en `Union[str, None]` no es usado por FastAPI (FastAPI solo usará la parte `str`), pero el `Union[str, None]` le permitirá a tu editor ayudarte a encontrar errores en tu código. ## Conversión de tipos de parámetros de query diff --git a/docs/es/mkdocs.yml b/docs/es/mkdocs.yml index ef722715b..de18856f4 100644 --- a/docs/es/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/es/mkdocs.yml @@ -1,138 +1 @@ -site_name: FastAPI -site_description: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production -site_url: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/es/ -theme: - name: material - custom_dir: overrides - palette: - - scheme: default - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb - name: Switch to light mode - - scheme: slate - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb-outline - name: Switch to dark mode - features: - - search.suggest - - search.highlight - - content.tabs.link - icon: - repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - logo: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/icon-white.svg - favicon: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png - language: es -repo_name: tiangolo/fastapi -repo_url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi -edit_uri: '' -google_analytics: -- UA-133183413-1 -- auto -plugins: -- search -- markdownextradata: - data: data -nav: -- FastAPI: index.md -- Languages: - - en: / - - az: /az/ - - de: /de/ - - es: /es/ - - fr: /fr/ - - id: /id/ - - it: /it/ - - ja: /ja/ - - ko: /ko/ - - pl: /pl/ - - pt: /pt/ - - ru: /ru/ - - sq: /sq/ - - tr: /tr/ - - uk: /uk/ - - zh: /zh/ -- features.md -- python-types.md -- Tutorial - Guía de Usuario: - - tutorial/index.md - - tutorial/first-steps.md - - tutorial/path-params.md - - tutorial/query-params.md -- Guía de Usuario Avanzada: - - advanced/index.md -- async.md -markdown_extensions: -- toc: - permalink: true -- markdown.extensions.codehilite: - guess_lang: false -- mdx_include: - base_path: docs -- admonition -- codehilite -- extra -- pymdownx.superfences: - custom_fences: - - name: mermaid - class: mermaid - format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' -- pymdownx.tabbed -extra: - social: - - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/discord - link: https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf - - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter - link: https://twitter.com/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin - link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/dev - link: https://dev.to/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/medium - link: https://medium.com/@tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/solid/globe - link: https://tiangolo.com - alternate: - - link: / - name: en - English - - link: /az/ - name: az - - link: /de/ - name: de - - link: /es/ - name: es - español - - link: /fr/ - name: fr - français - - link: /id/ - name: id - - link: /it/ - name: it - italiano - - link: /ja/ - name: ja - 日本語 - - link: /ko/ - name: ko - 한국어 - - link: /pl/ - name: pl - - link: /pt/ - name: pt - português - - link: /ru/ - name: ru - русский язык - - link: /sq/ - name: sq - shqip - - link: /tr/ - name: tr - Türkçe - - link: /uk/ - name: uk - українська мова - - link: /zh/ - name: zh - 汉语 -extra_css: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/termynal.css -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/custom.css -extra_javascript: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/termynal.js -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/custom.js +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/fa/docs/advanced/sub-applications.md b/docs/fa/docs/advanced/sub-applications.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f3a948414 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fa/docs/advanced/sub-applications.md @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +# زیر برنامه ها - اتصال + +اگر نیاز دارید که دو برنامه مستقل FastAPI، با OpenAPI مستقل و رابط‌های کاربری اسناد خود داشته باشید، می‌توانید یک برنامه +اصلی داشته باشید و یک (یا چند) زیر برنامه را به آن متصل کنید. + +## اتصال (mount) به یک برنامه **FastAPI** + +کلمه "Mounting" به معنای افزودن یک برنامه کاملاً مستقل در یک مسیر خاص است، که پس از آن مدیریت همه چیز در آن مسیر، با path operations (عملیات های مسیر) اعلام شده در آن زیر برنامه می باشد. + +### برنامه سطح بالا + +ابتدا برنامه اصلی سطح بالا، **FastAPI** و path operations آن را ایجاد کنید: + + +```Python hl_lines="3 6-8" +{!../../../docs_src/sub_applications/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### زیر برنامه + +سپس، زیر برنامه خود و path operations آن را ایجاد کنید. + +این زیر برنامه فقط یکی دیگر از برنامه های استاندارد FastAPI است، اما این برنامه ای است که متصل می شود: + +```Python hl_lines="11 14-16" +{!../../../docs_src/sub_applications/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### اتصال زیر برنامه + +در برنامه سطح بالا `app` اتصال زیر برنامه `subapi` در این نمونه `/subapi` در مسیر قرار میدهد و میشود: + +```Python hl_lines="11 19" +{!../../../docs_src/sub_applications/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### اسناد API خودکار را بررسی کنید + +برنامه را با استفاده از ‘uvicorn‘ اجرا کنید، اگر فایل شما ‘main.py‘ نام دارد، دستور زیر را وارد کنید: +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +صفحه مستندات را در آدرس http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs باز کنید. + +اسناد API خودکار برنامه اصلی را مشاهده خواهید کرد که فقط شامل path operations خود می شود: + + + +و سپس اسناد زیر برنامه را در آدرس http://127.0.0.1:8000/subapi/docs. باز کنید. + +اسناد API خودکار برای زیر برنامه را خواهید دید، که فقط شامل path operations خود می شود، همه در زیر مسیر `/subapi` قرار دارند: + + + +اگر سعی کنید با هر یک از این دو رابط کاربری تعامل داشته باشید، آنها به درستی کار می کنند، زیرا مرورگر می تواند با هر یک از برنامه ها یا زیر برنامه های خاص صحبت کند. + +### جرئیات فنی : `root_path` + +هنگامی که یک زیر برنامه را همانطور که در بالا توضیح داده شد متصل می کنید, FastAPI با استفاده از مکانیزمی از مشخصات ASGI به نام `root_path` ارتباط مسیر mount را برای زیر برنامه انجام می دهد. + +به این ترتیب، زیر برنامه می داند که از آن پیشوند مسیر برای رابط کاربری اسناد (docs UI) استفاده کند. + +و زیر برنامه ها نیز می تواند زیر برنامه های متصل شده خود را داشته باشد و همه چیز به درستی کار کند، زیرا FastAPI تمام این مسیرهای `root_path` را به طور خودکار مدیریت می کند. + +در بخش [پشت پراکسی](./behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. درباره `root_path` و نحوه استفاده درست از آن بیشتر خواهید آموخت. diff --git a/docs/fa/docs/features.md b/docs/fa/docs/features.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3040ce3dd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fa/docs/features.md @@ -0,0 +1,206 @@ +# ویژگی ها + +## ویژگی های FastAPI + +**FastAPI** موارد زیر را به شما ارائه میدهد: + +### برپایه استاندارد های باز + +* OpenAPI برای ساخت API, شامل مشخص سازی path operation ها, پارامترها, body request ها, امنیت و غیره. +* مستندسازی خودکار data model با JSON Schema (همانطور که OpenAPI خود نیز مبتنی بر JSON Schema است). +* طراحی شده بر اساس استاندارد هایی که پس از یک مطالعه دقیق بدست آمده اند بجای طرحی ناپخته و بدون فکر. +* همچنین به شما اجازه میدهد تا از تولید خودکار client code در بسیاری از زبان ها استفاده کنید. + +### مستندات خودکار + +مستندات API تعاملی و ایجاد رابط کاربری وب. از آنجایی که این فریم ورک برپایه OpenAPI میباشد، آپشن های متعددی وجود دارد که ۲ مورد بصورت پیش فرض گنجانده شده اند. + +* Swagger UI، با کاوش تعاملی، API خود را مستقیما از طریق مرورگر صدازده و تست کنید. + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) + +* مستندات API جایگزین با ReDoc. + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) + +### فقط پایتون مدرن + +همه اینها برپایه type declaration های **پایتون ۳.۶** استاندارد (به لطف Pydantic) میباشند. سینتکس جدیدی درکار نیست. تنها پایتون مدرن استاندارد. + +اگر به یک یادآوری ۲ دقیقه ای در مورد نحوه استفاده از تایپ های پایتون دارید (حتی اگر از FastAPI استفاده نمیکنید) این آموزش کوتاه را بررسی کنید: [Python Types](python-types.md){.internal-link target=\_blank}. + +شما پایتون استاندارد را با استفاده از تایپ ها مینویسید: + +```Python +from datetime import date + +from pydantic import BaseModel + +# Declare a variable as a str +# and get editor support inside the function +def main(user_id: str): + return user_id + + +# A Pydantic model +class User(BaseModel): + id: int + name: str + joined: date +``` + +که سپس میتوان به این شکل از آن استفاده کرد: + +```Python +my_user: User = User(id=3, name="John Doe", joined="2018-07-19") + +second_user_data = { + "id": 4, + "name": "Mary", + "joined": "2018-11-30", +} + +my_second_user: User = User(**second_user_data) +``` + +!!! info + `**second_user_data` یعنی: + + کلید ها و مقادیر دیکشنری `second_user_data` را مستقیما به عنوان ارگومان های key-value بفرست، که معادل است با : `User(id=4, name="Mary", joined="2018-11-30")` + +### پشتیبانی ویرایشگر + +تمام فریم ورک به گونه ای طراحی شده که استفاده از آن آسان و شهودی باشد، تمام تصمیمات حتی قبل از شروع توسعه بر روی چندین ویرایشگر آزمایش شده اند، تا از بهترین تجربه توسعه اطمینان حاصل شود. + +در آخرین نظرسنجی توسعه دهندگان پایتون کاملا مشخص بود که بیشترین ویژگی مورد استفاده از "تکمیل خودکار" است. + +تمام فریم ورک **FastAPI** برپایه ای برای براورده کردن این نیاز نیز ایجاد گشته است. تکمیل خودکار در همه جا کار میکند. + +شما به ندرت نیاز به بازگشت به مستندات را خواهید داشت. + +ببینید که چگونه ویرایشگر شما ممکن است به شما کمک کند: + +* در Visual Studio Code: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) + +* در PyCharm: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/pycharm-completion.png) + +شما پیشنهاد های تکمیل خودکاری را خواهید گرفت که حتی ممکن است قبلا آن را غیرممکن تصور میکردید. به عنوان مثال کلید `price` در داخل بدنه JSON (که میتوانست تودرتو نیز باشد) که از یک درخواست آمده است. + +دیگر خبری از تایپ کلید اشتباهی، برگشتن به مستندات یا پایین بالا رفتن برای فهمیدن اینکه شما از `username` یا `user_name` استفاده کرده اید نیست. + +### مختصر + +FastAPI **پیش فرض** های معقولی برای همه چیز دارد، با قابلیت تنظیمات اختیاری در همه جا. تمام پارامترها را میتوانید برای انجام انچه نیاز دارید و برای تعریف API مورد نیاز خود به خوبی تنظیم کنید. + +اما به طور پیش فرض، همه چیز **کار میکند**. + +### اعتبارسنجی + +* اعتبارسنجی برای بیشتر (یا همه؟) **data type** های پایتون، شامل: + + * JSON objects (`dict`) + * آرایه های (‍‍‍‍`list`) JSON با قابلیت مشخص سازی تایپ ایتم های درون لیست. + * فیلد های رشته (`str`)، به همراه مشخص سازی حداقل و حداکثر طول رشته. + * اعداد (‍‍`int`,`float`) با حداقل و حداکثر مقدار و غیره. + +* اعتبارسنجی برای تایپ های عجیب تر، مثل: + * URL. + * Email. + * UUID. + * و غیره. + +تمام اعتبارسنجی ها توسط کتابخانه اثبات شده و قدرتمند **Pydantic** انجام میشود. + +### امنیت و احراز هویت + +امنیت و احرازهویت بدون هیچگونه ارتباط و مصالحه ای با پایگاه های داده یا مدل های داده ایجاد شده اند. + +تمام طرح های امنیتی در OpenAPI تعریف شده اند، از جمله: + +* . +* **OAuth2** (همچنین با **JWT tokens**). آموزش را در [OAuth2 with JWT](tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=\_blank} مشاهده کنید. +* کلید های API: + * Headers + * Query parameters + * Cookies، و غیره. + +به علاوه تمام ویژگی های امنیتی از **Statlette** (شامل **session cookies**) + +همه اینها به عنوان ابزارها و اجزای قابل استفاده ای ساخته شده اند که به راحتی با سیستم های شما، مخازن داده، پایگاه های داده رابطه ای و NoSQL و غیره ادغام میشوند. + +### Dependency Injection + +FastAPI شامل یک سیستم Dependency Injection بسیار آسان اما بسیار قدرتمند است. + +* حتی وابستگی ها نیز میتوانند وابستگی هایی داشته باشند و یک سلسله مراتب یا **"گرافی" از وابستگی ها** ایجاد کنند. + +* همه چیز توسط فریم ورک **به طور خودکار اداره میشود** + +* همه وابستگی ها میتوانند به داده های request ها نیاز داشته باشند و مستندات خودکار و محدودیت های path operation را **افزایش** دهند. + +* با قابلیت **اعتبارسنجی خودکار** حتی برای path operation parameter های تعریف شده در وابستگی ها. + +* پشتیبانی از سیستم های پیچیده احرازهویت کاربر، **اتصالات پایگاه داده** و غیره. + +* بدون هیچ ارتباطی با دیتابیس ها، فرانت اند و غیره. اما ادغام آسان و راحت با همه آنها. + +### پلاگین های نامحدود + +یا به عبارت دیگر، هیچ نیازی به آنها نیست، کد موردنیاز خود را وارد و استفاده کنید. + +هر یکپارچه سازی به گونه ای طراحی شده است که استفاده از آن بسیار ساده باشد (با وابستگی ها) که میتوانید با استفاده از همان ساختار و روشی که برای _path operation_ های خود استفاده کرده اید تنها در ۲ خط کد "پلاگین" برنامه خودتان را ایجاد کنید. + +### تست شده + +* 100% پوشش تست. + +* 100% کد بر اساس type annotate ها. + +* استفاده شده در اپلیکیشن های تولید + +## ویژگی های Starlette + +**FastAPI** کاملا (و براساس) با Starlette سازگار است. بنابراین، هرکد اضافی Starlette که دارید، نیز کار خواهد کرد. + +‍‍`FastAPI` در واقع یک زیرکلاس از `Starlette` است. بنابراین اگر از قبل Starlette را میشناسید یا با آن کار کرده اید، بیشتر قابلیت ها به همین روش کار خواهد کرد. + +با **FastAPI** شما تمام ویژگی های **Starlette** را خواهید داشت (زیرا FastAPI یک نسخه و نمونه به تمام معنا از Starlette است): + +* عملکرد به طورجدی چشمگیر. این یکی از سریعترین فریم ورک های موجود در پایتون است که همتراز با **نود جی اس** و **گو** است. +* پشتیبانی از **WebSocket**. +* تسک های درجریان در پس زمینه. +* رویداد های راه اندازی و متوفق شدن. +* تست کلاینت ساخته شده به روی HTTPX. +* **CORS**, GZip, فایل های استاتیک, پاسخ های جریانی. +* پشتیبانی از **نشست ها و کوکی ها**. +* 100% پوشش با تست. +* 100% کد براساس type annotate ها. + +## ویژگی های Pydantic + +**FastAPI** کاملا (و براساس) با Pydantic سازگار است. بنابراین هرکد Pydantic اضافی که داشته باشید، نیز کار خواهد کرد. + +از جمله کتابخانه های خارجی نیز مبتنی بر Pydantic میتوان به ORM و ODM ها برای دیتابیس ها اشاره کرد. + +این همچنین به این معناست که در خیلی از موارد میتوانید همان ابجکتی که از request میگیرید را **مستقیما به دیتابیس** بفرستید زیرا همه چیز به طور خودکار تأیید میشود. + +همین امر برعکس نیز صدق می‌کند، در بسیاری از موارد شما می‌توانید ابجکتی را که از پایگاه داده دریافت می‌کنید را **مستقیماً به کاربر** ارسال کنید. + +با FastAPI شما تمام ویژگی های Pydantic را دراختیار دارید (زیرا FastAPI برای تمام بخش مدیریت دیتا بر اساس Pydantic عمل میکند): + +* **خبری از گیج شدن نیست**: + * هیچ زبان خردی برای یادگیری تعریف طرحواره های جدید وجود ندارد. + * اگر تایپ های پایتون را میشناسید، نحوه استفاده از Pydantic را نیز میدانید. +* به خوبی با **IDE/linter/مغز** شما عمل میکند: + * به این دلیل که ساختار داده Pydantic فقط نمونه هایی از کلاس هایی هستند که شما تعریف میکنید، تکمیل خودکار، mypy، linting و مشاهده شما باید به درستی با داده های معتبر شما کار کنند. +* اعتبار سنجی **ساختارهای پیچیده**: + * استفاده از مدل های سلسله مراتبی Pydantic, `List` و `Dict` کتابخانه `typing` پایتون و غیره. + * و اعتبارسنج ها اجازه میدهند که طرحواره های داده پیچیده به طور واضح و آسان تعریف، بررسی و بر پایه JSON مستند شوند. + * شما میتوانید ابجکت های عمیقا تودرتو JSON را که همگی تایید شده و annotated شده اند را داشته باشید. +* **قابل توسعه**: + * Pydantic اجازه میدهد تا data type های سفارشی تعریف شوند یا میتوانید اعتبارسنجی را با روش هایی به روی مدل ها با validator decorator گسترش دهید. +* 100% پوشش با تست. diff --git a/docs/fa/docs/index.md b/docs/fa/docs/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc211848b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fa/docs/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,461 @@ +

+ FastAPI +

+

+ فریم‌ورک FastAPI، کارایی بالا، یادگیری آسان، کدنویسی سریع، آماده برای استفاده در محیط پروداکشن +

+

+ + Test + + + Coverage + + + Package version + + + Supported Python versions + +

+ +--- + +**مستندات**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com + +**کد منبع**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi + +--- +FastAPI یک وب فریم‌ورک مدرن و سریع (با کارایی بالا) برای ایجاد APIهای متنوع (وب، وب‌سوکت و غبره) با زبان پایتون نسخه +۳.۶ است. این فریم‌ورک با رعایت کامل راهنمای نوع داده (Type Hint) ایجاد شده است. + +ویژگی‌های کلیدی این فریم‌ورک عبارتند از: + +* **سرعت**: کارایی بسیار بالا و قابل مقایسه با **NodeJS** و **Go** (با تشکر از Starlette و Pydantic). [یکی از سریع‌ترین فریم‌ورک‌های پایتونی موجود](#performance). + +* **کدنویسی سریع**: افزایش ۲۰۰ تا ۳۰۰ درصدی سرعت توسعه قابلیت‌های جدید. * +* **باگ کمتر**: کاهش ۴۰ درصدی خطاهای انسانی (برنامه‌نویسی). * +* **هوشمندانه**: پشتیبانی فوق‌العاده در محیط‌های توسعه یکپارچه (IDE). تکمیل در همه بخش‌های کد. کاهش زمان رفع باگ. +* **آسان**: طراحی شده برای یادگیری و استفاده آسان. کاهش زمان مورد نیاز برای مراجعه به مستندات. +* **کوچک**: کاهش تکرار در کد. چندین قابلیت برای هر پارامتر (منظور پارامترهای ورودی تابع هندلر می‌باشد، به بخش خلاصه در همین صفحه مراجعه شود). باگ کمتر. +* **استوار**: ایجاد کدی آماده برای استفاده در محیط پروداکشن و تولید خودکار مستندات تعاملی +* **مبتنی بر استانداردها**: مبتنی بر (و منطبق با) استانداردهای متن باز مربوط به API: OpenAPI (سوگر سابق) و JSON Schema. + +* تخمین‌ها بر اساس تست‌های انجام شده در یک تیم توسعه داخلی که مشغول ایجاد برنامه‌های کاربردی واقعی بودند صورت گرفته است. + +## اسپانسرهای طلایی + + + +{% if sponsors %} +{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%} + +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + + + +دیگر اسپانسرها + +## نظر دیگران در مورد FastAPI + +
[...] I'm using FastAPI a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's ML services at Microsoft. Some of them are getting integrated into the core Windows product and some Office products."
+ +
Kabir Khan - Microsoft (ref)
+ +--- + +
"We adopted the FastAPI library to spawn a RESTserver that can be queried to obtain predictions. [for Ludwig]"
+ +
Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - Uber (ref)
+ +--- + +
"Netflix is pleased to announce the open-source release of our crisis management orchestration framework: Dispatch! [built with FastAPI]"
+ +
Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - Netflix (ref)
+ +--- + +
"I’m over the moon excited about FastAPI. It’s so fun!"
+ +
Brian Okken - Python Bytes podcast host (ref)
+ +--- + +
"Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted Hug to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that."
+ +
Timothy Crosley - Hug creator (ref)
+ +--- + +
"If you're looking to learn one modern framework for building REST APIs, check out FastAPI [...] It's fast, easy to use and easy to learn [...]"
+ +
"We've switched over to FastAPI for our APIs [...] I think you'll like it [...]"
+ +
Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - Explosion AI founders - spaCy creators (ref) - (ref)
+ +--- + +## **Typer**, فریم‌ورکی معادل FastAPI برای کار با واسط خط فرمان + + + +اگر در حال ساختن برنامه‌ای برای استفاده در CLI (به جای استفاده در وب) هستید، می‌توانید از **Typer**. استفاده کنید. + +**Typer** دوقلوی کوچکتر FastAPI است و قرار است معادلی برای FastAPI در برنامه‌های CLI باشد.️ 🚀 + +## نیازمندی‌ها + +پایتون +۳.۶ + +FastAPI مبتنی بر ابزارهای قدرتمند زیر است: + +* فریم‌ورک Starlette برای بخش وب. +* کتابخانه Pydantic برای بخش داده‌. + +## نصب + +
+ +```console +$ pip install fastapi + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +نصب یک سرور پروداکشن نظیر Uvicorn یا Hypercorn نیز جزء نیازمندی‌هاست. + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +## مثال + +### ایجاد کنید +* فایلی به نام `main.py` با محتوای زیر ایجاد کنید: + +```Python +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +
+همچنین می‌توانید از async def... نیز استفاده کنید + +اگر در کدتان از `async` / `await` استفاده می‌کنید، از `async def` برای تعریف تابع خود استفاده کنید: + +```Python hl_lines="9 14" +from typing import Optional + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +async def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +**توجه**: + +اگر با `async / await` آشنا نیستید، به بخش _"عجله‌ دارید?"_ در صفحه درباره `async` و `await` در مستندات مراجعه کنید. + + +
+ +### اجرا کنید + +با استفاده از دستور زیر سرور را اجرا کنید: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +
+درباره دستور uvicorn main:app --reload... + +دستور `uvicorn main:app` شامل موارد زیر است: + +* `main`: فایل `main.py` (ماژول پایتون ایجاد شده). +* `app`: شیء ایجاد شده در فایل `main.py` در خط `app = FastAPI()`. +* `--reload`: ریستارت کردن سرور با تغییر کد. تنها در هنگام توسعه از این گزینه استفاده شود.. + +
+ +### بررسی کنید + +آدرس http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery را در مرورگر خود باز کنید. + +پاسخ JSON زیر را مشاهده خواهید کرد: + +```JSON +{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} +``` + +تا اینجا شما APIای ساختید که: + +* درخواست‌های HTTP به _مسیرهای_ `/` و `/items/{item_id}` را دریافت می‌کند. +* هردو _مسیر_ عملیات (یا HTTP _متد_) `GET` را پشتیبانی می‌کند. +* _مسیر_ `/items/{item_id}` شامل _پارامتر مسیر_ `item_id` از نوع `int` است. +* _مسیر_ `/items/{item_id}` شامل _پارامتر پرسمان_ اختیاری `q` از نوع `str` است. + +### مستندات API تعاملی + +حال به آدرس http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs بروید. + +مستندات API تعاملی (ایجاد شده به کمک Swagger UI) را مشاهده خواهید کرد: + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +### مستندات API جایگزین + +حال به آدرس http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc بروید. + +مستندات خودکار دیگری را مشاهده خواهید کرد که به کمک ReDoc ایجاد می‌شود: + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +## تغییر مثال + +حال فایل `main.py` را مطابق زیر ویرایش کنید تا بتوانید بدنه یک درخواست `PUT` را دریافت کنید. + +به کمک Pydantic بدنه درخواست را با انواع استاندارد پایتون تعریف کنید. + +```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" +from typing import Optional + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + price: float + is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} +``` + +سرور به صورت خودکار ری‌استارت می‌شود (زیرا پیشتر از گزینه `--reload` در دستور `uvicorn` استفاده کردیم). + +### تغییر مستندات API تعاملی + +مجددا به آدرس http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs بروید. + +* مستندات API تعاملی به صورت خودکار به‌روز شده است و شامل بدنه تعریف شده در مرحله قبل است: + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) + +* روی دکمه "Try it out" کلیک کنید، اکنون می‌توانید پارامترهای مورد نیاز هر API را مشخص کرده و به صورت مستقیم با آنها تعامل کنید: + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) + +* سپس روی دکمه "Execute" کلیک کنید، خواهید دید که واسط کاربری با APIهای تعریف شده ارتباط برقرار کرده، پارامترهای مورد نیاز را به آن‌ها ارسال می‌کند، سپس نتایج را دریافت کرده و در صفحه نشان می‌دهد: + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) + +### تغییر مستندات API جایگزین + +حال به آدرس http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc بروید. + +* خواهید دید که مستندات جایگزین نیز به‌روزرسانی شده و شامل پارامتر پرسمان و بدنه تعریف شده می‌باشد: + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) + +### خلاصه + +به طور خلاصه شما **یک بار** انواع پارامترها، بدنه و غیره را به عنوان پارامترهای ورودی تابع خود تعریف می‌کنید. + + این کار را با استفاده از انواع استاندارد و مدرن موجود در پایتون انجام می‌دهید. + +نیازی به یادگیری نحو جدید یا متدها و کلاس‌های یک کتابخانه بخصوص و غیره نیست. + +تنها **پایتون +۳.۶**. + +به عنوان مثال برای یک پارامتر از نوع `int`: + +```Python +item_id: int +``` + +یا برای یک مدل پیچیده‌تر مثل `Item`: + +```Python +item: Item +``` + +...و با همین اعلان تمامی قابلیت‌های زیر در دسترس قرار می‌گیرد: + +* پشتیبانی ویرایشگر متنی شامل: + * تکمیل کد. + * بررسی انواع داده. +* اعتبارسنجی داده: + * خطاهای خودکار و مشخص در هنگام نامعتبر بودن داده. + * اعتبارسنجی، حتی برای اشیاء JSON تو در تو. +* تبدیل داده ورودی: که از شبکه رسیده به انواع و داد‌ه‌ پایتونی. این داده‌ شامل: + * JSON. + * پارامترهای مسیر. + * پارامترهای پرسمان. + * کوکی‌ها. + * سرآیند‌ها (هدرها). + * فرم‌ها. + * فایل‌ها. +* تبدیل داده خروجی: تبدیل از انواع و داده‌ پایتون به داده شبکه (مانند JSON): + * تبدیل انواع داده پایتونی (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list` و غیره). + * اشیاء `datetime`. + * اشیاء `UUID`. + * qمدل‌های پایگاه‌داده. + * و موارد بیشمار دیگر. +* دو مدل مستند API تعاملی خودکار : + * Swagger UI. + * ReDoc. + +--- + +به مثال قبلی باز می‌گردیم، در این مثال **FastAPI** موارد زیر را انجام می‌دهد: + +* اعتبارسنجی اینکه پارامتر `item_id` در مسیر درخواست‌های `GET` و `PUT` موجود است. +* اعتبارسنجی اینکه پارامتر `item_id` در درخواست‌های `GET` و `PUT` از نوع `int` است. + * اگر غیر از این موارد باشد، سرویس‌گیرنده خطای مفید و مشخصی دریافت خواهد کرد. +* بررسی وجود پارامتر پرسمان اختیاری `q` (مانند `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) در درخواست‌های `GET`. + * از آنجا که پارامتر `q` با `= None` مقداردهی شده است، این پارامتر اختیاری است. + * اگر از مقدار اولیه `None` استفاده نکنیم، این پارامتر الزامی خواهد بود (همانند بدنه درخواست در درخواست `PUT`). +* برای درخواست‌های `PUT` به آدرس `/items/{item_id}`، بدنه درخواست باید از نوع JSON تعریف شده باشد: + * بررسی اینکه بدنه شامل فیلدی با نام `name` و از نوع `str` است. + * بررسی اینکه بدنه شامل فیلدی با نام `price` و از نوع `float` است. + * بررسی اینکه بدنه شامل فیلدی اختیاری با نام `is_offer` است، که در صورت وجود باید از نوع `bool` باشد. + * تمامی این موارد برای اشیاء JSON در هر عمقی قابل بررسی می‌باشد. +* تبدیل از/به JSON به صورت خودکار. +* مستندسازی همه چیز با استفاده از OpenAPI، که می‌توان از آن برای موارد زیر استفاده کرد: + * سیستم مستندات تعاملی. + * تولید خودکار کد سرویس‌گیرنده‌ در زبان‌های برنامه‌نویسی بیشمار. +* فراهم سازی ۲ مستند تعاملی مبتنی بر وب به صورت پیش‌فرض. + +--- + +موارد ذکر شده تنها پاره‌ای از ویژگی‌های بیشمار FastAPI است اما ایده‌ای کلی از طرز کار آن در اختیار قرار می‌دهد. + +خط زیر را به این صورت تغییر دهید: + +```Python + return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} +``` + +از: + +```Python + ... "item_name": item.name ... +``` + +به: + +```Python + ... "item_price": item.price ... +``` + +در حین تایپ کردن توجه کنید که چگونه ویرایش‌گر، ویژگی‌های کلاس `Item` را تشخیص داده و به تکمیل خودکار آنها کمک می‌کند: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) + +برای مشاهده مثال‌های کامل‌تر که شامل قابلیت‌های بیشتری از FastAPI باشد به بخش آموزش - راهنمای کاربر مراجعه کنید. + +**هشدار اسپویل**: بخش آموزش - راهنمای کاربر شامل موارد زیر است: + +* اعلان **پارامترهای** موجود در بخش‌های دیگر درخواست، شامل: **سرآیند‌ (هدر)ها**، **کوکی‌ها**، **فیلد‌های فرم** و **فایل‌ها**. +* چگونگی تنظیم **محدودیت‌های اعتبارسنجی** به عنوان مثال `maximum_length` یا `regex`. +* سیستم **Dependency Injection** قوی و کاربردی. +* امنیت و تایید هویت, شامل پشتیبانی از **OAuth2** مبتنی بر **JWT tokens** و **HTTP Basic**. +* تکنیک پیشرفته برای تعریف **مدل‌های چند سطحی JSON** (بر اساس Pydantic). +* قابلیت‌های اضافی دیگر (بر اساس Starlette) شامل: + * **وب‌سوکت** + * **GraphQL** + * تست‌های خودکار آسان مبتنی بر HTTPX و `pytest` + * **CORS** + * **Cookie Sessions** + * و موارد بیشمار دیگر. + +## کارایی + +معیار (بنچمارک‌)های مستقل TechEmpower حاکی از آن است که برنامه‌های **FastAPI** که تحت Uvicorn اجرا می‌شود، یکی از سریع‌ترین فریم‌ورک‌های مبتنی بر پایتون، است که کمی ضعیف‌تر از Starlette و Uvicorn عمل می‌کند (فریم‌ورک و سروری که FastAPI بر اساس آنها ایجاد شده است) (*) + +برای درک بهتری از این موضوع به بخش بنچ‌مارک‌ها مراجعه کنید. + +## نیازمندی‌های اختیاری + +استفاده شده توسط Pydantic: + +* email_validator - برای اعتبارسنجی آدرس‌های ایمیل. + +استفاده شده توسط Starlette: + +* HTTPX - در صورتی که می‌خواهید از `TestClient` استفاده کنید. +* aiofiles - در صورتی که می‌خواهید از `FileResponse` و `StaticFiles` استفاده کنید. +* jinja2 - در صورتی که بخواهید از پیکربندی پیش‌فرض برای قالب‌ها استفاده کنید. +* python-multipart - در صورتی که بخواهید با استفاده از `request.form()` از قابلیت "تجزیه (parse)" فرم استفاده کنید. +* itsdangerous - در صورتی که بخواید از `SessionMiddleware` پشتیبانی کنید. +* pyyaml - برای پشتیبانی `SchemaGenerator` در Starlet (به احتمال زیاد برای کار کردن با FastAPI به آن نیازی پیدا نمی‌کنید). +* graphene - در صورتی که از `GraphQLApp` پشتیبانی می‌کنید. +* ujson - در صورتی که بخواهید از `UJSONResponse` استفاده کنید. + +استفاده شده توسط FastAPI / Starlette: + +* uvicorn - برای سرور اجرا کننده برنامه وب. +* orjson - در صورتی که بخواهید از `ORJSONResponse` استفاده کنید. + +می‌توان همه این موارد را با استفاده از دستور `pip install fastapi[all]`. به صورت یکجا نصب کرد. + +## لایسنس + +این پروژه مشمول قوانین و مقررات لایسنس MIT است. diff --git a/docs/fa/docs/tutorial/middleware.md b/docs/fa/docs/tutorial/middleware.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c5752a4b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fa/docs/tutorial/middleware.md @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +# میان‌افزار - middleware + +شما میتوانید میان‌افزارها را در **FastAPI** اضافه کنید. + +"میان‌افزار" یک تابع است که با هر درخواست(request) قبل از پردازش توسط هر path operation (عملیات مسیر) خاص کار می‌کند. همچنین با هر پاسخ(response) قبل از بازگشت آن نیز کار می‌کند. + +* هر **درخواستی (request)** که به برنامه شما می آید را می گیرد. +* سپس می تواند کاری برای آن **درخواست** انجام دهید یا هر کد مورد نیازتان را اجرا کنید. +* سپس **درخواست** را به بخش دیگری از برنامه (توسط یک path operation مشخص) برای پردازش ارسال می کند. +* سپس **پاسخ** تولید شده توسط برنامه را (توسط یک path operation مشخص) دریافت می‌کند. +* می تواند کاری با **پاسخ** انجام دهید یا هر کد مورد نیازتان را اجرا کند. +* سپس **پاسخ** را برمی گرداند. + +!!! توجه "جزئیات فنی" + در صورت وجود وابستگی هایی با `yield`، کد خروجی **پس از** اجرای میان‌‌افزار اجرا خواهد شد. + + در صورت وجود هر گونه وظایف پس زمینه (که در ادامه توضیح داده می‌شوند)، تمام میان‌افزارها *پس از آن* اجرا خواهند شد. + +## ساخت یک میان افزار + +برای ایجاد یک میان‌افزار، از دکوریتور `@app.middleware("http")` در بالای یک تابع استفاده می‌شود. + +تابع میان افزار دریافت می کند: +* `درخواست` +* تابع `call_next` که `درخواست` را به عنوان پارامتر دریافت می کند + * این تابع `درخواست` را به *path operation* مربوطه ارسال می کند. + * سپس `پاسخ` تولید شده توسط *path operation* مربوطه را برمی‌گرداند. +* شما می‌توانید سپس `پاسخ` را تغییر داده و پس از آن را برگردانید. + +```Python hl_lines="8-9 11 14" +{!../../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! نکته به خاطر داشته باشید که هدرهای اختصاصی سفارشی را می توان با استفاده از پیشوند "X-" اضافه کرد. + + اما اگر هدرهای سفارشی دارید که می‌خواهید مرورگر کاربر بتواند آنها را ببیند، باید آنها را با استفاده از پارامتر `expose_headers` که در مستندات CORS از Starlette توضیح داده شده است، به پیکربندی CORS خود اضافه کنید. + +!!! توجه "جزئیات فنی" + شما همچنین می‌توانید از `from starlette.requests import Request` استفاده کنید. + + **FastAPI** این را به عنوان یک سهولت برای شما به عنوان برنامه‌نویس فراهم می‌کند. اما این مستقیما از Starlette به دست می‌آید. + +### قبل و بعد از `پاسخ` + +شما می‌توانید کدی را برای اجرا با `درخواست`، قبل از اینکه هر *path operation* آن را دریافت کند، اضافه کنید. + +همچنین پس از تولید `پاسخ`، قبل از بازگشت آن، می‌توانید کدی را اضافه کنید. + +به عنوان مثال، می‌توانید یک هدر سفارشی به نام `X-Process-Time` که شامل زمان پردازش درخواست و تولید پاسخ به صورت ثانیه است، اضافه کنید. + +```Python hl_lines="10 12-13" +{!../../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001.py!} +``` + + ## سایر میان افزار + +شما می‌توانید بعداً در مورد میان‌افزارهای دیگر در [راهنمای کاربر پیشرفته: میان‌افزار پیشرفته](../advanced/middleware.md){.internal-link target=_blank} بیشتر بخوانید. + +شما در بخش بعدی در مورد این که چگونه با استفاده از یک میان‌افزار، CORS را مدیریت کنید، خواهید خواند. diff --git a/docs/fa/docs/tutorial/security/index.md b/docs/fa/docs/tutorial/security/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4e68ba961 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fa/docs/tutorial/security/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +# امنیت + +روش‌های مختلفی برای مدیریت امنیت، تأیید هویت و اعتبارسنجی وجود دارد. + +عموماً این یک موضوع پیچیده و "سخت" است. + +در بسیاری از فریم ورک ها و سیستم‌ها، فقط مدیریت امنیت و تأیید هویت نیاز به تلاش و کد نویسی زیادی دارد (در بسیاری از موارد می‌تواند 50% یا بیشتر کل کد نوشته شده باشد). + + +فریم ورک **FastAPI** ابزارهای متعددی را در اختیار شما قرار می دهد تا به راحتی، با سرعت، به صورت استاندارد و بدون نیاز به مطالعه و یادگیری همه جزئیات امنیت، در مدیریت **امنیت** به شما کمک کند. + +اما قبل از آن، بیایید برخی از مفاهیم کوچک را بررسی کنیم. + +## عجله دارید؟ + +اگر به هیچ یک از این اصطلاحات اهمیت نمی دهید و فقط نیاز به افزودن امنیت با تأیید هویت بر اساس نام کاربری و رمز عبور دارید، *همین الان* به فصل های بعدی بروید. + +## پروتکل استاندارد OAuth2 + +پروتکل استاندارد OAuth2 یک مشخصه است که چندین روش برای مدیریت تأیید هویت و اعتبار سنجی تعریف می کند. + +این مشخصه بسیار گسترده است و چندین حالت استفاده پیچیده را پوشش می دهد. + +در آن روش هایی برای تأیید هویت با استفاده از "برنامه های شخص ثالث" وجود دارد. + +این همان چیزی است که تمامی سیستم های با "ورود با فیسبوک، گوگل، توییتر، گیت هاب" در پایین آن را استفاده می کنند. + +### پروتکل استاندارد OAuth 1 + +پروتکل استاندارد OAuth1 نیز وجود داشت که با OAuth2 خیلی متفاوت است و پیچیدگی بیشتری داشت، زیرا شامل مشخصات مستقیم در مورد رمزگذاری ارتباط بود. + +در حال حاضر OAuth1 بسیار محبوب یا استفاده شده نیست. + +پروتکل استاندارد OAuth2 روش رمزگذاری ارتباط را مشخص نمی کند، بلکه انتظار دارد که برنامه شما با HTTPS سرویس دهی شود. + +!!! نکته + در بخش در مورد **استقرار** ، شما یاد خواهید گرفت که چگونه با استفاده از Traefik و Let's Encrypt رایگان HTTPS را راه اندازی کنید. + +## استاندارد OpenID Connect + +استاندارد OpenID Connect، مشخصه‌ای دیگر است که بر پایه **OAuth2** ساخته شده است. + +این مشخصه، به گسترش OAuth2 می‌پردازد و برخی مواردی که در OAuth2 نسبتاً تردید برانگیز هستند را مشخص می‌کند تا سعی شود آن را با سایر سیستم‌ها قابل ارتباط کند. + +به عنوان مثال، ورود به سیستم گوگل از OpenID Connect استفاده می‌کند (که در زیر از OAuth2 استفاده می‌کند). + +اما ورود به سیستم فیسبوک، از OpenID Connect پشتیبانی نمی‌کند. به جای آن، نسخه خودش از OAuth2 را دارد. + +### استاندارد OpenID (نه "OpenID Connect" ) + +همچنین مشخصه "OpenID" نیز وجود داشت که سعی در حل مسائل مشابه OpenID Connect داشت، اما بر پایه OAuth2 ساخته نشده بود. + +بنابراین، یک سیستم جداگانه بود. + +اکنون این مشخصه کمتر استفاده می‌شود و محبوبیت زیادی ندارد. + +## استاندارد OpenAPI + +استاندارد OpenAPI (قبلاً با نام Swagger شناخته می‌شد) یک open specification برای ساخت APIs (که در حال حاضر جزئی از بنیاد لینوکس میباشد) است. + +فریم ورک **FastAPI** بر اساس **OpenAPI** است. + +این خاصیت، امکان دارد تا چندین رابط مستندات تعاملی خودکار(automatic interactive documentation interfaces)، تولید کد و غیره وجود داشته باشد. + +مشخصه OpenAPI روشی برای تعریف چندین "schemes" دارد. + +با استفاده از آن‌ها، شما می‌توانید از همه این ابزارهای مبتنی بر استاندارد استفاده کنید، از جمله این سیستم‌های مستندات تعاملی(interactive documentation systems). + +استاندارد OpenAPI شیوه‌های امنیتی زیر را تعریف می‌کند: + +* شیوه `apiKey`: یک کلید اختصاصی برای برنامه که می‌تواند از موارد زیر استفاده شود: + * پارامتر جستجو. + * هدر. + * کوکی. +* شیوه `http`: سیستم‌های استاندارد احراز هویت HTTP، از جمله: + * مقدار `bearer`: یک هدر `Authorization` با مقدار `Bearer` به همراه یک توکن. این از OAuth2 به ارث برده شده است. + * احراز هویت پایه HTTP. + * ویژگی HTTP Digest و غیره. +* شیوه `oauth2`: تمام روش‌های OAuth2 برای مدیریت امنیت (به نام "flows"). + * چندین از این flows برای ساخت یک ارائه‌دهنده احراز هویت OAuth 2.0 مناسب هستند (مانند گوگل، فیسبوک، توییتر، گیت‌هاب و غیره): + * ویژگی `implicit` + * ویژگی `clientCredentials` + * ویژگی `authorizationCode` + * اما یک "flow" خاص وجود دارد که می‌تواند به طور کامل برای مدیریت احراز هویت در همان برنامه به کار رود: + * بررسی `password`: چند فصل بعدی به مثال‌های این مورد خواهیم پرداخت. +* شیوه `openIdConnect`: یک روش برای تعریف نحوه کشف داده‌های احراز هویت OAuth2 به صورت خودکار. + * کشف خودکار این موضوع را که در مشخصه OpenID Connect تعریف شده است، مشخص می‌کند. + +!!! نکته + ادغام سایر ارائه‌دهندگان احراز هویت/اجازه‌دهی مانند گوگل، فیسبوک، توییتر، گیت‌هاب و غیره نیز امکان‌پذیر و نسبتاً آسان است. + + مشکل پیچیده‌ترین مسئله، ساخت یک ارائه‌دهنده احراز هویت/اجازه‌دهی مانند آن‌ها است، اما **FastAPI** ابزارهای لازم برای انجام این کار را با سهولت به شما می‌دهد و همه کارهای سنگین را برای شما انجام می‌دهد. + +## ابزارهای **FastAPI** + +فریم ورک FastAPI ابزارهایی برای هر یک از این شیوه‌های امنیتی در ماژول`fastapi.security` فراهم می‌کند که استفاده از این مکانیزم‌های امنیتی را ساده‌تر می‌کند. + +در فصل‌های بعدی، شما یاد خواهید گرفت که چگونه با استفاده از این ابزارهای ارائه شده توسط **FastAPI**، امنیت را به API خود اضافه کنید. + +همچنین، خواهید دید که چگونه به صورت خودکار در سیستم مستندات تعاملی ادغام می‌شود. diff --git a/docs/fa/mkdocs.yml b/docs/fa/mkdocs.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de18856f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fa/mkdocs.yml @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md b/docs/fr/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..35b57594d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md @@ -0,0 +1,240 @@ +# Réponses supplémentaires dans OpenAPI + +!!! Attention + Ceci concerne un sujet plutôt avancé. + + Si vous débutez avec **FastAPI**, vous n'en aurez peut-être pas besoin. + +Vous pouvez déclarer des réponses supplémentaires, avec des codes HTTP, des types de médias, des descriptions, etc. + +Ces réponses supplémentaires seront incluses dans le schéma OpenAPI, elles apparaîtront donc également dans la documentation de l'API. + +Mais pour ces réponses supplémentaires, vous devez vous assurer de renvoyer directement une `Response` comme `JSONResponse`, avec votre code HTTP et votre contenu. + +## Réponse supplémentaire avec `model` + +Vous pouvez ajouter à votre décorateur de *paramètre de chemin* un paramètre `responses`. + +Il prend comme valeur un `dict` dont les clés sont des codes HTTP pour chaque réponse, comme `200`, et la valeur de ces clés sont d'autres `dict` avec des informations pour chacun d'eux. + +Chacun de ces `dict` de réponse peut avoir une clé `model`, contenant un modèle Pydantic, tout comme `response_model`. + +**FastAPI** prendra ce modèle, générera son schéma JSON et l'inclura au bon endroit dans OpenAPI. + +Par exemple, pour déclarer une autre réponse avec un code HTTP `404` et un modèle Pydantic `Message`, vous pouvez écrire : + +```Python hl_lines="18 22" +{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! Remarque + Gardez à l'esprit que vous devez renvoyer directement `JSONResponse`. + +!!! Info + La clé `model` ne fait pas partie d'OpenAPI. + + **FastAPI** prendra le modèle Pydantic à partir de là, générera le `JSON Schema` et le placera au bon endroit. + + Le bon endroit est : + + * Dans la clé `content`, qui a pour valeur un autre objet JSON (`dict`) qui contient : + * Une clé avec le type de support, par ex. `application/json`, qui contient comme valeur un autre objet JSON, qui contient : + * Une clé `schema`, qui a pour valeur le schéma JSON du modèle, voici le bon endroit. + * **FastAPI** ajoute ici une référence aux schémas JSON globaux à un autre endroit de votre OpenAPI au lieu de l'inclure directement. De cette façon, d'autres applications et clients peuvent utiliser ces schémas JSON directement, fournir de meilleurs outils de génération de code, etc. + +Les réponses générées au format OpenAPI pour cette *opération de chemin* seront : + +```JSON hl_lines="3-12" +{ + "responses": { + "404": { + "description": "Additional Response", + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Message" + } + } + } + }, + "200": { + "description": "Successful Response", + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item" + } + } + } + }, + "422": { + "description": "Validation Error", + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError" + } + } + } + } + } +} +``` + +Les schémas sont référencés à un autre endroit du modèle OpenAPI : + +```JSON hl_lines="4-16" +{ + "components": { + "schemas": { + "Message": { + "title": "Message", + "required": [ + "message" + ], + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "message": { + "title": "Message", + "type": "string" + } + } + }, + "Item": { + "title": "Item", + "required": [ + "id", + "value" + ], + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "id": { + "title": "Id", + "type": "string" + }, + "value": { + "title": "Value", + "type": "string" + } + } + }, + "ValidationError": { + "title": "ValidationError", + "required": [ + "loc", + "msg", + "type" + ], + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "loc": { + "title": "Location", + "type": "array", + "items": { + "type": "string" + } + }, + "msg": { + "title": "Message", + "type": "string" + }, + "type": { + "title": "Error Type", + "type": "string" + } + } + }, + "HTTPValidationError": { + "title": "HTTPValidationError", + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "detail": { + "title": "Detail", + "type": "array", + "items": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError" + } + } + } + } + } + } +} +``` + +## Types de médias supplémentaires pour la réponse principale + +Vous pouvez utiliser ce même paramètre `responses` pour ajouter différents types de médias pour la même réponse principale. + +Par exemple, vous pouvez ajouter un type de média supplémentaire `image/png`, en déclarant que votre *opération de chemin* peut renvoyer un objet JSON (avec le type de média `application/json`) ou une image PNG : + +```Python hl_lines="19-24 28" +{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +!!! Remarque + Notez que vous devez retourner l'image en utilisant directement un `FileResponse`. + +!!! Info + À moins que vous ne spécifiiez explicitement un type de média différent dans votre paramètre `responses`, FastAPI supposera que la réponse a le même type de média que la classe de réponse principale (par défaut `application/json`). + + Mais si vous avez spécifié une classe de réponse personnalisée avec `None` comme type de média, FastAPI utilisera `application/json` pour toute réponse supplémentaire associée à un modèle. + +## Combinaison d'informations + +Vous pouvez également combiner des informations de réponse provenant de plusieurs endroits, y compris les paramètres `response_model`, `status_code` et `responses`. + +Vous pouvez déclarer un `response_model`, en utilisant le code HTTP par défaut `200` (ou un code personnalisé si vous en avez besoin), puis déclarer des informations supplémentaires pour cette même réponse dans `responses`, directement dans le schéma OpenAPI. + +**FastAPI** conservera les informations supplémentaires des `responses` et les combinera avec le schéma JSON de votre modèle. + +Par exemple, vous pouvez déclarer une réponse avec un code HTTP `404` qui utilise un modèle Pydantic et a une `description` personnalisée. + +Et une réponse avec un code HTTP `200` qui utilise votre `response_model`, mais inclut un `example` personnalisé : + +```Python hl_lines="20-31" +{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +Tout sera combiné et inclus dans votre OpenAPI, et affiché dans la documentation de l'API : + + + +## Combinez les réponses prédéfinies et les réponses personnalisées + +Vous voulez peut-être avoir des réponses prédéfinies qui s'appliquent à de nombreux *paramètre de chemin*, mais vous souhaitez les combiner avec des réponses personnalisées nécessaires à chaque *opération de chemin*. + +Dans ces cas, vous pouvez utiliser la technique Python "d'affection par décomposition" (appelé _unpacking_ en anglais) d'un `dict` avec `**dict_to_unpack` : + +``` Python +old_dict = { + "old key": "old value", + "second old key": "second old value", +} +new_dict = {**old_dict, "new key": "new value"} +``` + +Ici, `new_dict` contiendra toutes les paires clé-valeur de `old_dict` plus la nouvelle paire clé-valeur : + +``` Python +{ + "old key": "old value", + "second old key": "second old value", + "new key": "new value", +} +``` + +Vous pouvez utiliser cette technique pour réutiliser certaines réponses prédéfinies dans vos *paramètres de chemin* et les combiner avec des réponses personnalisées supplémentaires. + +Par exemple: + +```Python hl_lines="13-17 26" +{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +## Plus d'informations sur les réponses OpenAPI + +Pour voir exactement ce que vous pouvez inclure dans les réponses, vous pouvez consulter ces sections dans la spécification OpenAPI : + +* Objet Responses de OpenAPI , il inclut le `Response Object`. +* Objet Response de OpenAPI , vous pouvez inclure n'importe quoi directement dans chaque réponse à l'intérieur de votre paramètre `responses`. Y compris `description`, `headers`, `content` (à l'intérieur de cela, vous déclarez différents types de médias et schémas JSON) et `links`. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md b/docs/fr/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e7b003707 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# Codes HTTP supplémentaires + +Par défaut, **FastAPI** renverra les réponses à l'aide d'une structure de données `JSONResponse`, en plaçant la réponse de votre *chemin d'accès* à l'intérieur de cette `JSONResponse`. + +Il utilisera le code HTTP par défaut ou celui que vous avez défini dans votre *chemin d'accès*. + +## Codes HTTP supplémentaires + +Si vous souhaitez renvoyer des codes HTTP supplémentaires en plus du code principal, vous pouvez le faire en renvoyant directement une `Response`, comme une `JSONResponse`, et en définissant directement le code HTTP supplémentaire. + +Par exemple, disons que vous voulez avoir un *chemin d'accès* qui permet de mettre à jour les éléments et renvoie les codes HTTP 200 "OK" en cas de succès. + +Mais vous voulez aussi qu'il accepte de nouveaux éléments. Et lorsque les éléments n'existaient pas auparavant, il les crée et renvoie un code HTTP de 201 "Créé". + +Pour y parvenir, importez `JSONResponse` et renvoyez-y directement votre contenu, en définissant le `status_code` que vous souhaitez : + +```Python hl_lines="4 25" +{!../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! Attention + Lorsque vous renvoyez une `Response` directement, comme dans l'exemple ci-dessus, elle sera renvoyée directement. + + Elle ne sera pas sérialisée avec un modèle. + + Assurez-vous qu'il contient les données souhaitées et que les valeurs soient dans un format JSON valides (si vous utilisez une `JSONResponse`). + +!!! note "Détails techniques" + Vous pouvez également utiliser `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`. + + Pour plus de commodités, **FastAPI** fournit les objets `starlette.responses` sous forme d'un alias accessible par `fastapi.responses`. Mais la plupart des réponses disponibles proviennent directement de Starlette. Il en est de même avec l'objet `statut`. + +## Documents OpenAPI et API + +Si vous renvoyez directement des codes HTTP et des réponses supplémentaires, ils ne seront pas inclus dans le schéma OpenAPI (la documentation de l'API), car FastAPI n'a aucun moyen de savoir à l'avance ce que vous allez renvoyer. + +Mais vous pouvez documenter cela dans votre code, en utilisant : [Réponses supplémentaires dans OpenAPI](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/advanced/index.md b/docs/fr/docs/advanced/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4fa5ecf6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/advanced/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Guide de l'utilisateur avancé + +## Caractéristiques supplémentaires + +Le [Tutoriel - Guide de l'utilisateur](../tutorial/){.internal-link target=_blank} devrait suffire à vous faire découvrir toutes les fonctionnalités principales de **FastAPI**. + +Dans les sections suivantes, vous verrez des options, configurations et fonctionnalités supplémentaires. + +!!! Note + Les sections de ce chapitre ne sont **pas nécessairement "avancées"**. + + Et il est possible que pour votre cas d'utilisation, la solution se trouve dans l'un d'entre eux. + +## Lisez d'abord le didacticiel + +Vous pouvez utiliser la plupart des fonctionnalités de **FastAPI** grâce aux connaissances du [Tutoriel - Guide de l'utilisateur](../tutorial/){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Et les sections suivantes supposent que vous l'avez lu et que vous en connaissez les idées principales. + +## Cours TestDriven.io + +Si vous souhaitez suivre un cours pour débutants avancés pour compléter cette section de la documentation, vous pouvez consulter : Développement piloté par les tests avec FastAPI et Docker par **TestDriven.io**. + +10 % de tous les bénéfices de ce cours sont reversés au développement de **FastAPI**. 🎉 😄 diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md b/docs/fr/docs/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7ded97ce1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ +# Configuration avancée des paramètres de chemin + +## ID d'opération OpenAPI + +!!! Attention + Si vous n'êtes pas un "expert" en OpenAPI, vous n'en avez probablement pas besoin. + +Dans OpenAPI, les chemins sont des ressources, tels que /users/ ou /items/, exposées par votre API, et les opérations sont les méthodes HTTP utilisées pour manipuler ces chemins, telles que GET, POST ou DELETE. Les operationId sont des chaînes uniques facultatives utilisées pour identifier une opération d'un chemin. Vous pouvez définir l'OpenAPI `operationId` à utiliser dans votre *opération de chemin* avec le paramètre `operation_id`. + +Vous devez vous assurer qu'il est unique pour chaque opération. + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### Utilisation du nom *path operation function* comme operationId + +Si vous souhaitez utiliser les noms de fonction de vos API comme `operationId`, vous pouvez les parcourir tous et remplacer chaque `operation_id` de l'*opération de chemin* en utilisant leur `APIRoute.name`. + +Vous devriez le faire après avoir ajouté toutes vos *paramètres de chemin*. + +```Python hl_lines="2 12-21 24" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +!!! Astuce + Si vous appelez manuellement `app.openapi()`, vous devez mettre à jour les `operationId` avant. + +!!! Attention + Pour faire cela, vous devez vous assurer que chacun de vos *chemin* ait un nom unique. + + Même s'ils se trouvent dans des modules différents (fichiers Python). + +## Exclusion d'OpenAPI + +Pour exclure un *chemin* du schéma OpenAPI généré (et donc des systèmes de documentation automatiques), utilisez le paramètre `include_in_schema` et assignez-lui la valeur `False` : + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +## Description avancée de docstring + +Vous pouvez limiter le texte utilisé de la docstring d'une *fonction de chemin* qui sera affiché sur OpenAPI. + +L'ajout d'un `\f` (un caractère d'échappement "form feed") va permettre à **FastAPI** de tronquer la sortie utilisée pour OpenAPI à ce stade. + +Il n'apparaîtra pas dans la documentation, mais d'autres outils (tel que Sphinx) pourront utiliser le reste. + +```Python hl_lines="19-29" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +## Réponses supplémentaires + +Vous avez probablement vu comment déclarer le `response_model` et le `status_code` pour une *opération de chemin*. + +Cela définit les métadonnées sur la réponse principale d'une *opération de chemin*. + +Vous pouvez également déclarer des réponses supplémentaires avec leurs modèles, codes de statut, etc. + +Il y a un chapitre entier ici dans la documentation à ce sujet, vous pouvez le lire sur [Réponses supplémentaires dans OpenAPI](./additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## OpenAPI supplémentaire + +Lorsque vous déclarez un *chemin* dans votre application, **FastAPI** génère automatiquement les métadonnées concernant ce *chemin* à inclure dans le schéma OpenAPI. + +!!! note "Détails techniques" + La spécification OpenAPI appelle ces métadonnées des Objets d'opération. + +Il contient toutes les informations sur le *chemin* et est utilisé pour générer automatiquement la documentation. + +Il inclut les `tags`, `parameters`, `requestBody`, `responses`, etc. + +Ce schéma OpenAPI spécifique aux *operations* est normalement généré automatiquement par **FastAPI**, mais vous pouvez également l'étendre. + +!!! Astuce + Si vous avez seulement besoin de déclarer des réponses supplémentaires, un moyen plus pratique de le faire est d'utiliser les [réponses supplémentaires dans OpenAPI](./additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Vous pouvez étendre le schéma OpenAPI pour une *opération de chemin* en utilisant le paramètre `openapi_extra`. + +### Extensions OpenAPI + +Cet `openapi_extra` peut être utile, par exemple, pour déclarer [OpenAPI Extensions](https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/main/versions/3.0.3.md#specificationExtensions) : + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +Si vous ouvrez la documentation automatique de l'API, votre extension apparaîtra au bas du *chemin* spécifique. + + + +Et dans le fichier openapi généré (`/openapi.json`), vous verrez également votre extension dans le cadre du *chemin* spécifique : + +```JSON hl_lines="22" +{ + "openapi": "3.0.2", + "info": { + "title": "FastAPI", + "version": "0.1.0" + }, + "paths": { + "/items/": { + "get": { + "summary": "Read Items", + "operationId": "read_items_items__get", + "responses": { + "200": { + "description": "Successful Response", + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": {} + } + } + } + }, + "x-aperture-labs-portal": "blue" + } + } + } +} +``` + +### Personnalisation du Schéma OpenAPI pour un chemin + +Le dictionnaire contenu dans la variable `openapi_extra` sera fusionné avec le schéma OpenAPI généré automatiquement pour l'*opération de chemin*. + +Ainsi, vous pouvez ajouter des données supplémentaires au schéma généré automatiquement. + +Par exemple, vous pouvez décider de lire et de valider la requête avec votre propre code, sans utiliser les fonctionnalités automatiques de validation proposée par Pydantic, mais vous pouvez toujours définir la requête dans le schéma OpenAPI. + +Vous pouvez le faire avec `openapi_extra` : + +```Python hl_lines="20-37 39-40" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial006.py !} +``` + +Dans cet exemple, nous n'avons déclaré aucun modèle Pydantic. En fait, le corps de la requête n'est même pas parsé en tant que JSON, il est lu directement en tant que `bytes`, et la fonction `magic_data_reader()` serait chargé de l'analyser d'une manière ou d'une autre. + +Néanmoins, nous pouvons déclarer le schéma attendu pour le corps de la requête. + +### Type de contenu OpenAPI personnalisé + +En utilisant cette même astuce, vous pouvez utiliser un modèle Pydantic pour définir le schéma JSON qui est ensuite inclus dans la section de schéma OpenAPI personnalisée pour le *chemin* concerné. + +Et vous pouvez le faire même si le type de données dans la requête n'est pas au format JSON. + +Dans cet exemple, nous n'utilisons pas les fonctionnalités de FastAPI pour extraire le schéma JSON des modèles Pydantic ni la validation automatique pour JSON. En fait, nous déclarons le type de contenu de la requête en tant que YAML, et non JSON : + +```Python hl_lines="17-22 24" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +Néanmoins, bien que nous n'utilisions pas la fonctionnalité par défaut, nous utilisons toujours un modèle Pydantic pour générer manuellement le schéma JSON pour les données que nous souhaitons recevoir en YAML. + +Ensuite, nous utilisons directement la requête et extrayons son contenu en tant qu'octets. Cela signifie que FastAPI n'essaiera même pas d'analyser le payload de la requête en tant que JSON. + +Et nous analysons directement ce contenu YAML, puis nous utilisons à nouveau le même modèle Pydantic pour valider le contenu YAML : + +```Python hl_lines="26-33" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +!!! Astuce + Ici, nous réutilisons le même modèle Pydantic. + + Mais nous aurions pu tout aussi bien pu le valider d'une autre manière. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/advanced/response-directly.md b/docs/fr/docs/advanced/response-directly.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1c923fb82 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/advanced/response-directly.md @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +# Renvoyer directement une réponse + +Lorsque vous créez une *opération de chemins* **FastAPI**, vous pouvez normalement retourner n'importe quelle donnée : un `dict`, une `list`, un modèle Pydantic, un modèle de base de données, etc. + +Par défaut, **FastAPI** convertirait automatiquement cette valeur de retour en JSON en utilisant le `jsonable_encoder` expliqué dans [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Ensuite, en arrière-plan, il mettra ces données JSON-compatible (par exemple un `dict`) à l'intérieur d'un `JSONResponse` qui sera utilisé pour envoyer la réponse au client. + +Mais vous pouvez retourner une `JSONResponse` directement à partir de vos *opérations de chemin*. + +Cela peut être utile, par exemple, pour retourner des en-têtes personnalisés ou des cookies. + +## Renvoyer une `Response` + +En fait, vous pouvez retourner n'importe quelle `Response` ou n'importe quelle sous-classe de celle-ci. + +!!! Note + `JSONResponse` est elle-même une sous-classe de `Response`. + +Et quand vous retournez une `Response`, **FastAPI** la transmet directement. + +Elle ne fera aucune conversion de données avec les modèles Pydantic, elle ne convertira pas le contenu en un type quelconque. + +Cela vous donne beaucoup de flexibilité. Vous pouvez retourner n'importe quel type de données, surcharger n'importe quelle déclaration ou validation de données. + +## Utiliser le `jsonable_encoder` dans une `Response` + +Parce que **FastAPI** n'apporte aucune modification à une `Response` que vous retournez, vous devez vous assurer que son contenu est prêt à être utilisé (sérialisable). + +Par exemple, vous ne pouvez pas mettre un modèle Pydantic dans une `JSONResponse` sans d'abord le convertir en un `dict` avec tous les types de données (comme `datetime`, `UUID`, etc.) convertis en types compatibles avec JSON. + +Pour ces cas, vous pouvez spécifier un appel à `jsonable_encoder` pour convertir vos données avant de les passer à une réponse : + +```Python hl_lines="6-7 21-22" +{!../../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "Détails techniques" + Vous pouvez aussi utiliser `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`. + + **FastAPI** fournit le même objet `starlette.responses` que `fastapi.responses` juste par commodité pour le développeur. Mais la plupart des réponses disponibles proviennent directement de Starlette. + +## Renvoyer une `Response` personnalisée + +L'exemple ci-dessus montre toutes les parties dont vous avez besoin, mais il n'est pas encore très utile, car vous auriez pu retourner l'`item` directement, et **FastAPI** l'aurait mis dans une `JSONResponse` pour vous, en le convertissant en `dict`, etc. Tout cela par défaut. + +Maintenant, voyons comment vous pourriez utiliser cela pour retourner une réponse personnalisée. + +Disons que vous voulez retourner une réponse XML. + +Vous pouvez mettre votre contenu XML dans une chaîne de caractères, la placer dans une `Response`, et la retourner : + +```Python hl_lines="1 18" +{!../../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## Notes + +Lorsque vous renvoyez une `Response` directement, ses données ne sont pas validées, converties (sérialisées), ni documentées automatiquement. + +Mais vous pouvez toujours les documenter comme décrit dans [Additional Responses in OpenAPI](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Vous pouvez voir dans les sections suivantes comment utiliser/déclarer ces `Response`s personnalisées tout en conservant la conversion automatique des données, la documentation, etc. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/alternatives.md b/docs/fr/docs/alternatives.md index bf3e7bc3c..8e58a3dfa 100644 --- a/docs/fr/docs/alternatives.md +++ b/docs/fr/docs/alternatives.md @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ permanents qui les rendent inadaptés. ### Marshmallow -L'une des principales fonctionnalités nécessaires aux systèmes API est la "sérialisation" des données, qui consiste à prendre les données du code (Python) et à les convertir en quelque chose qui peut être envoyé sur le réseau. Par exemple, convertir un objet contenant des données provenant d'une base de données en un objet JSON. Convertir des objets `datetime` en strings, etc. @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ Sans un système de validation des données, vous devriez effectuer toutes les v Ces fonctionnalités sont ce pourquoi Marshmallow a été construit. C'est une excellente bibliothèque, et je l'ai déjà beaucoup utilisée. -Mais elle a été créée avant que les type hints n'existent en Python. Ainsi, pour définir chaque schéma, vous devez utiliser des utilitaires et des classes spécifiques fournies par Marshmallow. !!! check "A inspiré **FastAPI** à" @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ Utilisez du code pour définir des "schémas" qui fournissent automatiquement le ### Webargs -Une autre grande fonctionnalité requise par les API est le parsing des données provenant des requêtes entrantes. Webargs est un outil qui a été créé pour fournir cela par-dessus plusieurs frameworks, dont Flask. @@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ Gérer toute la validation des données, leur sérialisation et la documentation ### Starlette -Starlette est un framework/toolkit léger ASGI, qui est idéal pour construire des services asyncio performants. +Starlette est un framework/toolkit léger ASGI, qui est idéal pour construire des services asyncio performants. Il est très simple et intuitif. Il est conçu pour être facilement extensible et avoir des composants modulaires. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/async.md b/docs/fr/docs/async.md index 20f4ee101..af4d6ca06 100644 --- a/docs/fr/docs/async.md +++ b/docs/fr/docs/async.md @@ -205,10 +205,6 @@ Cette "attente" 🕙 se mesure en microsecondes, mais tout de même, en cumulé C'est pourquoi il est logique d'utiliser du code asynchrone ⏸🔀⏯ pour des APIs web. -La plupart des frameworks Python existants (y compris Flask et Django) ont été créés avant que les nouvelles fonctionnalités asynchrones de Python n'existent. Donc, les façons dont ils peuvent être déployés supportent l'exécution parallèle et une ancienne forme d'exécution asynchrone qui n'est pas aussi puissante que les nouvelles fonctionnalités de Python. - -Et cela, bien que les spécifications principales du web asynchrone en Python (ou ASGI) ont été développées chez Django, pour ajouter le support des WebSockets. - Ce type d'asynchronicité est ce qui a rendu NodeJS populaire (bien que NodeJS ne soit pas parallèle) et c'est la force du Go en tant que langage de programmation. Et c'est le même niveau de performance que celui obtenu avec **FastAPI**. @@ -220,7 +216,7 @@ Et comme on peut avoir du parallélisme et de l'asynchronicité en même temps, Nope ! C'est ça la morale de l'histoire. La concurrence est différente du parallélisme. C'est mieux sur des scénarios **spécifiques** qui impliquent beaucoup d'attente. À cause de ça, c'est généralement bien meilleur que le parallélisme pour le développement d'applications web. Mais pas pour tout. - + Donc pour équilibrer tout ça, imaginez l'histoire suivante : > Vous devez nettoyer une grande et sale maison. @@ -254,7 +250,7 @@ Par exemple : ### Concurrence + Parallélisme : Web + Machine Learning -Avec **FastAPI** vous pouvez bénéficier de la concurrence qui est très courante en developement web (c'est l'attrait principal de NodeJS). +Avec **FastAPI** vous pouvez bénéficier de la concurrence qui est très courante en développement web (c'est l'attrait principal de NodeJS). Mais vous pouvez aussi profiter du parallélisme et multiprocessing afin de gérer des charges **CPU bound** qui sont récurrentes dans les systèmes de *Machine Learning*. @@ -293,7 +289,7 @@ def get_sequential_burgers(number: int): Avec `async def`, Python sait que dans cette fonction il doit prendre en compte les expressions `await`, et qu'il peut mettre en pause ⏸ l'exécution de la fonction pour aller faire autre chose 🔀 avant de revenir. -Pour appeler une fonction définie avec `async def`, vous devez utiliser `await`. Donc ceci ne marche pas : +Pour appeler une fonction définie avec `async def`, vous devez utiliser `await`. Donc ceci ne marche pas : ```Python # Ceci ne fonctionne pas, car get_burgers a été défini avec async def @@ -375,7 +371,7 @@ Au final, dans les deux situations, il est fort probable que **FastAPI** soit to La même chose s'applique aux dépendances. Si une dépendance est définie avec `def` plutôt que `async def`, elle est exécutée dans la threadpool externe. -### Sous-dépendances +### Sous-dépendances Vous pouvez avoir de multiples dépendances et sous-dépendances dépendant les unes des autres (en tant que paramètres de la définition de la *fonction de chemin*), certaines créées avec `async def` et d'autres avec `def`. Cela fonctionnerait aussi, et celles définies avec un simple `def` seraient exécutées sur un thread externe (venant de la threadpool) plutôt que d'être "attendues". diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/benchmarks.md b/docs/fr/docs/benchmarks.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d33c263a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/benchmarks.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +# Test de performance + +Les tests de performance de TechEmpower montrent que les applications **FastAPI** tournant sous Uvicorn comme étant l'un des frameworks Python les plus rapides disponibles, seulement inférieur à Starlette et Uvicorn (tous deux utilisés au cœur de FastAPI). (*) + +Mais en prêtant attention aux tests de performance et aux comparaisons, il faut tenir compte de ce qu'il suit. + +## Tests de performance et rapidité + +Lorsque vous vérifiez les tests de performance, il est commun de voir plusieurs outils de différents types comparés comme équivalents. + +En particulier, on voit Uvicorn, Starlette et FastAPI comparés (parmi de nombreux autres outils). + +Plus le problème résolu par un outil est simple, mieux seront les performances obtenues. Et la plupart des tests de performance ne prennent pas en compte les fonctionnalités additionnelles fournies par les outils. + +La hiérarchie est la suivante : + +* **Uvicorn** : un serveur ASGI + * **Starlette** : (utilise Uvicorn) un micro-framework web + * **FastAPI**: (utilise Starlette) un micro-framework pour API disposant de fonctionnalités additionnelles pour la création d'API, avec la validation des données, etc. + +* **Uvicorn** : + * A les meilleures performances, étant donné qu'il n'a pas beaucoup de code mis-à-part le serveur en lui-même. + * On n'écrit pas une application avec uniquement Uvicorn. Cela signifie que le code devrait inclure plus ou moins, au minimum, tout le code offert par Starlette (ou **FastAPI**). Et si on fait cela, l'application finale apportera les mêmes complications que si on avait utilisé un framework et que l'on avait minimisé la quantité de code et de bugs. + * Si on compare Uvicorn, il faut le comparer à d'autre applications de serveurs comme Daphne, Hypercorn, uWSGI, etc. +* **Starlette** : + * A les seconde meilleures performances après Uvicorn. Starlette utilise en réalité Uvicorn. De ce fait, il ne peut qu’être plus "lent" qu'Uvicorn car il requiert l'exécution de plus de code. + * Cependant il nous apporte les outils pour construire une application web simple, avec un routage basé sur des chemins, etc. + * Si on compare Starlette, il faut le comparer à d'autres frameworks web (ou micorframework) comme Sanic, Flask, Django, etc. +* **FastAPI** : + * Comme Starlette, FastAPI utilise Uvicorn et ne peut donc pas être plus rapide que ce dernier. + * FastAPI apporte des fonctionnalités supplémentaires à Starlette. Des fonctionnalités qui sont nécessaires presque systématiquement lors de la création d'une API, comme la validation des données, la sérialisation. En utilisant FastAPI, on obtient une documentation automatiquement (qui ne requiert aucune manipulation pour être mise en place). + * Si on n'utilisait pas FastAPI mais directement Starlette (ou un outil équivalent comme Sanic, Flask, Responder, etc) il faudrait implémenter la validation des données et la sérialisation par nous-même. Le résultat serait donc le même dans les deux cas mais du travail supplémentaire serait à réaliser avec Starlette, surtout en considérant que la validation des données et la sérialisation représentent la plus grande quantité de code à écrire dans une application. + * De ce fait, en utilisant FastAPI on minimise le temps de développement, les bugs, le nombre de lignes de code, et on obtient les mêmes performances (si ce n'est de meilleurs performances) que l'on aurait pu avoir sans ce framework (en ayant à implémenter de nombreuses fonctionnalités importantes par nous-mêmes). + * Si on compare FastAPI, il faut le comparer à d'autres frameworks web (ou ensemble d'outils) qui fournissent la validation des données, la sérialisation et la documentation, comme Flask-apispec, NestJS, Molten, etc. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/contributing.md b/docs/fr/docs/contributing.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8292f14bb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/contributing.md @@ -0,0 +1,501 @@ +# Développement - Contribuer + +Tout d'abord, vous voudrez peut-être voir les moyens de base pour [aider FastAPI et obtenir de l'aide](help-fastapi.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## Développement + +Si vous avez déjà cloné le dépôt et que vous savez que vous devez vous plonger dans le code, voici quelques directives pour mettre en place votre environnement. + +### Environnement virtuel avec `venv` + +Vous pouvez créer un environnement virtuel dans un répertoire en utilisant le module `venv` de Python : + +
+ +```console +$ python -m venv env +``` + +
+ +Cela va créer un répertoire `./env/` avec les binaires Python et vous pourrez alors installer des paquets pour cet environnement isolé. + +### Activer l'environnement + +Activez le nouvel environnement avec : + +=== "Linux, macOS" + +
+ + ```console + $ source ./env/bin/activate + ``` + +
+ +=== "Windows PowerShell" + +
+ + ```console + $ .\env\Scripts\Activate.ps1 + ``` + +
+ +=== "Windows Bash" + + Ou si vous utilisez Bash pour Windows (par exemple Git Bash): + +
+ + ```console + $ source ./env/Scripts/activate + ``` + +
+ +Pour vérifier que cela a fonctionné, utilisez : + +=== "Linux, macOS, Windows Bash" + +
+ + ```console + $ which pip + + some/directory/fastapi/env/bin/pip + ``` + +
+ +=== "Windows PowerShell" + +
+ + ```console + $ Get-Command pip + + some/directory/fastapi/env/bin/pip + ``` + +
+ +Si celui-ci montre le binaire `pip` à `env/bin/pip`, alors ça a fonctionné. 🎉 + + + +!!! tip + Chaque fois que vous installez un nouveau paquet avec `pip` sous cet environnement, activez à nouveau l'environnement. + + Cela permet de s'assurer que si vous utilisez un programme terminal installé par ce paquet (comme `flit`), vous utilisez celui de votre environnement local et pas un autre qui pourrait être installé globalement. + +### Flit + +**FastAPI** utilise Flit pour build, packager et publier le projet. + +Après avoir activé l'environnement comme décrit ci-dessus, installez `flit` : + +
+ +```console +$ pip install flit + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +Réactivez maintenant l'environnement pour vous assurer que vous utilisez le "flit" que vous venez d'installer (et non un environnement global). + +Et maintenant, utilisez `flit` pour installer les dépendances de développement : + +=== "Linux, macOS" + +
+ + ```console + $ flit install --deps develop --symlink + + ---> 100% + ``` + +
+ +=== "Windows" + + Si vous êtes sous Windows, utilisez `--pth-file` au lieu de `--symlink` : + +
+ + ```console + $ flit install --deps develop --pth-file + + ---> 100% + ``` + +
+ +Il installera toutes les dépendances et votre FastAPI local dans votre environnement local. + +#### Utiliser votre FastAPI local + +Si vous créez un fichier Python qui importe et utilise FastAPI, et que vous l'exécutez avec le Python de votre environnement local, il utilisera votre code source FastAPI local. + +Et si vous mettez à jour le code source local de FastAPI, tel qu'il est installé avec `--symlink` (ou `--pth-file` sous Windows), lorsque vous exécutez à nouveau ce fichier Python, il utilisera la nouvelle version de FastAPI que vous venez d'éditer. + +De cette façon, vous n'avez pas à "installer" votre version locale pour pouvoir tester chaque changement. + +### Formatage + +Il existe un script que vous pouvez exécuter qui formatera et nettoiera tout votre code : + +
+ +```console +$ bash scripts/format.sh +``` + +
+ +Il effectuera également un tri automatique de touts vos imports. + +Pour qu'il puisse les trier correctement, vous devez avoir FastAPI installé localement dans votre environnement, avec la commande dans la section ci-dessus en utilisant `--symlink` (ou `--pth-file` sous Windows). + +### Formatage des imports + +Il existe un autre script qui permet de formater touts les imports et de s'assurer que vous n'avez pas d'imports inutilisés : + +
+ +```console +$ bash scripts/format-imports.sh +``` + +
+ +Comme il exécute une commande après l'autre et modifie et inverse de nombreux fichiers, il prend un peu plus de temps à s'exécuter, il pourrait donc être plus facile d'utiliser fréquemment `scripts/format.sh` et `scripts/format-imports.sh` seulement avant de commit. + +## Documentation + +Tout d'abord, assurez-vous que vous configurez votre environnement comme décrit ci-dessus, qui installera toutes les exigences. + +La documentation utilise MkDocs. + +Et il y a des outils/scripts supplémentaires en place pour gérer les traductions dans `./scripts/docs.py`. + +!!! tip + Vous n'avez pas besoin de voir le code dans `./scripts/docs.py`, vous l'utilisez simplement dans la ligne de commande. + +Toute la documentation est au format Markdown dans le répertoire `./docs/fr/`. + +De nombreux tutoriels comportent des blocs de code. + +Dans la plupart des cas, ces blocs de code sont de véritables applications complètes qui peuvent être exécutées telles quelles. + +En fait, ces blocs de code ne sont pas écrits à l'intérieur du Markdown, ce sont des fichiers Python dans le répertoire `./docs_src/`. + +Et ces fichiers Python sont inclus/injectés dans la documentation lors de la génération du site. + +### Documentation pour les tests + +La plupart des tests sont en fait effectués par rapport aux exemples de fichiers sources dans la documentation. + +Cela permet de s'assurer que : + +* La documentation est à jour. +* Les exemples de documentation peuvent être exécutés tels quels. +* La plupart des fonctionnalités sont couvertes par la documentation, assurées par la couverture des tests. + +Au cours du développement local, un script build le site et vérifie les changements éventuels, puis il est rechargé en direct : + +
+ +```console +$ python ./scripts/docs.py live + +[INFO] Serving on http://127.0.0.1:8008 +[INFO] Start watching changes +[INFO] Start detecting changes +``` + +
+ +Il servira la documentation sur `http://127.0.0.1:8008`. + +De cette façon, vous pouvez modifier la documentation/les fichiers sources et voir les changements en direct. + +#### Typer CLI (facultatif) + +Les instructions ici vous montrent comment utiliser le script à `./scripts/docs.py` avec le programme `python` directement. + +Mais vous pouvez également utiliser Typer CLI, et vous obtiendrez l'auto-complétion dans votre terminal pour les commandes après l'achèvement de l'installation. + +Si vous installez Typer CLI, vous pouvez installer la complétion avec : + +
+ +```console +$ typer --install-completion + +zsh completion installed in /home/user/.bashrc. +Completion will take effect once you restart the terminal. +``` + +
+ +### Apps et documentation en même temps + +Si vous exécutez les exemples avec, par exemple : + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn tutorial001:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +Comme Uvicorn utilisera par défaut le port `8000`, la documentation sur le port `8008` n'entrera pas en conflit. + +### Traductions + +L'aide aux traductions est TRÈS appréciée ! Et cela ne peut se faire sans l'aide de la communauté. 🌎 🚀 + +Voici les étapes à suivre pour aider à la traduction. + +#### Conseils et lignes directrices + +* Vérifiez les pull requests existantes pour votre langue et ajouter des reviews demandant des changements ou les approuvant. + +!!! tip + Vous pouvez ajouter des commentaires avec des suggestions de changement aux pull requests existantes. + + Consultez les documents concernant l'ajout d'un review de pull request pour l'approuver ou demander des modifications. + +* Vérifiez dans issues pour voir s'il y a une personne qui coordonne les traductions pour votre langue. + +* Ajoutez une seule pull request par page traduite. Il sera ainsi beaucoup plus facile pour les autres de l'examiner. + +Pour les langues que je ne parle pas, je vais attendre plusieurs autres reviews de la traduction avant de merge. + +* Vous pouvez également vérifier s'il existe des traductions pour votre langue et y ajouter une review, ce qui m'aidera à savoir si la traduction est correcte et je pourrai la fusionner. + +* Utilisez les mêmes exemples en Python et ne traduisez que le texte des documents. Vous n'avez pas besoin de changer quoi que ce soit pour que cela fonctionne. + +* Utilisez les mêmes images, noms de fichiers et liens. Vous n'avez pas besoin de changer quoi que ce soit pour que cela fonctionne. + +* Pour vérifier le code à 2 lettres de la langue que vous souhaitez traduire, vous pouvez utiliser le tableau Liste des codes ISO 639-1. + +#### Langue existante + +Disons que vous voulez traduire une page pour une langue qui a déjà des traductions pour certaines pages, comme l'espagnol. + +Dans le cas de l'espagnol, le code à deux lettres est `es`. Ainsi, le répertoire des traductions espagnoles se trouve à l'adresse `docs/es/`. + +!!! tip + La langue principale ("officielle") est l'anglais, qui se trouve à l'adresse "docs/en/". + +Maintenant, lancez le serveur en live pour les documents en espagnol : + +
+ +```console +// Use the command "live" and pass the language code as a CLI argument +$ python ./scripts/docs.py live es + +[INFO] Serving on http://127.0.0.1:8008 +[INFO] Start watching changes +[INFO] Start detecting changes +``` + +
+ +Vous pouvez maintenant aller sur http://127.0.0.1:8008 et voir vos changements en direct. + +Si vous regardez le site web FastAPI docs, vous verrez que chaque langue a toutes les pages. Mais certaines pages ne sont pas traduites et sont accompagnées d'une notification concernant la traduction manquante. + +Mais si vous le gérez localement de cette manière, vous ne verrez que les pages déjà traduites. + +Disons maintenant que vous voulez ajouter une traduction pour la section [Features](features.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +* Copiez le fichier à : + +``` +docs/en/docs/features.md +``` + +* Collez-le exactement au même endroit mais pour la langue que vous voulez traduire, par exemple : + +``` +docs/es/docs/features.md +``` + +!!! tip + Notez que le seul changement dans le chemin et le nom du fichier est le code de langue, qui passe de `en` à `es`. + +* Ouvrez maintenant le fichier de configuration de MkDocs pour l'anglais à + +``` +docs/en/docs/mkdocs.yml +``` + +* Trouvez l'endroit où cette `docs/features.md` se trouve dans le fichier de configuration. Quelque part comme : + +```YAML hl_lines="8" +site_name: FastAPI +# More stuff +nav: +- FastAPI: index.md +- Languages: + - en: / + - es: /es/ +- features.md +``` + +* Ouvrez le fichier de configuration MkDocs pour la langue que vous éditez, par exemple : + +``` +docs/es/docs/mkdocs.yml +``` + +* Ajoutez-le à l'endroit exact où il se trouvait pour l'anglais, par exemple : + +```YAML hl_lines="8" +site_name: FastAPI +# More stuff +nav: +- FastAPI: index.md +- Languages: + - en: / + - es: /es/ +- features.md +``` + +Assurez-vous que s'il y a d'autres entrées, la nouvelle entrée avec votre traduction est exactement dans le même ordre que dans la version anglaise. + +Si vous allez sur votre navigateur, vous verrez que maintenant les documents montrent votre nouvelle section. 🎉 + +Vous pouvez maintenant tout traduire et voir à quoi cela ressemble au fur et à mesure que vous enregistrez le fichier. + +#### Nouvelle langue + +Disons que vous voulez ajouter des traductions pour une langue qui n'est pas encore traduite, pas même quelques pages. + +Disons que vous voulez ajouter des traductions pour le Créole, et que ce n'est pas encore dans les documents. + +En vérifiant le lien ci-dessus, le code pour "Créole" est `ht`. + +L'étape suivante consiste à exécuter le script pour générer un nouveau répertoire de traduction : + +
+ +```console +// Use the command new-lang, pass the language code as a CLI argument +$ python ./scripts/docs.py new-lang ht + +Successfully initialized: docs/ht +Updating ht +Updating en +``` + +
+ +Vous pouvez maintenant vérifier dans votre éditeur de code le répertoire nouvellement créé `docs/ht/`. + +!!! tip + Créez une première demande d'extraction à l'aide de cette fonction, afin de configurer la nouvelle langue avant d'ajouter des traductions. + + Ainsi, d'autres personnes peuvent vous aider à rédiger d'autres pages pendant que vous travaillez sur la première. 🚀 + +Commencez par traduire la page principale, `docs/ht/index.md`. + +Vous pouvez ensuite continuer avec les instructions précédentes, pour une "langue existante". + +##### Nouvelle langue non prise en charge + +Si, lors de l'exécution du script du serveur en direct, vous obtenez une erreur indiquant que la langue n'est pas prise en charge, quelque chose comme : + +``` + raise TemplateNotFound(template) +jinja2.exceptions.TemplateNotFound: partials/language/xx.html +``` + +Cela signifie que le thème ne supporte pas cette langue (dans ce cas, avec un faux code de 2 lettres de `xx`). + +Mais ne vous inquiétez pas, vous pouvez définir la langue du thème en anglais et ensuite traduire le contenu des documents. + +Si vous avez besoin de faire cela, modifiez le fichier `mkdocs.yml` pour votre nouvelle langue, il aura quelque chose comme : + +```YAML hl_lines="5" +site_name: FastAPI +# More stuff +theme: + # More stuff + language: xx +``` + +Changez cette langue de `xx` (de votre code de langue) à `fr`. + +Vous pouvez ensuite relancer le serveur live. + +#### Prévisualisez le résultat + +Lorsque vous utilisez le script à `./scripts/docs.py` avec la commande `live`, il n'affiche que les fichiers et les traductions disponibles pour la langue courante. + +Mais une fois que vous avez terminé, vous pouvez tester le tout comme il le ferait en ligne. + +Pour ce faire, il faut d'abord construire tous les documents : + +
+ +```console +// Use the command "build-all", this will take a bit +$ python ./scripts/docs.py build-all + +Updating es +Updating en +Building docs for: en +Building docs for: es +Successfully built docs for: es +Copying en index.md to README.md +``` + +
+ +Cela génère tous les documents à `./docs_build/` pour chaque langue. Cela inclut l'ajout de tout fichier dont la traduction est manquante, avec une note disant que "ce fichier n'a pas encore de traduction". Mais vous n'avez rien à faire avec ce répertoire. + +Ensuite, il construit tous ces sites MkDocs indépendants pour chaque langue, les combine, et génère le résultat final à `./site/`. + +Ensuite, vous pouvez servir cela avec le commandement `serve`: + +
+ +```console +// Use the command "serve" after running "build-all" +$ python ./scripts/docs.py serve + +Warning: this is a very simple server. For development, use mkdocs serve instead. +This is here only to preview a site with translations already built. +Make sure you run the build-all command first. +Serving at: http://127.0.0.1:8008 +``` + +
+ +## Tests + +Il existe un script que vous pouvez exécuter localement pour tester tout le code et générer des rapports de couverture en HTML : + +
+ +```console +$ bash scripts/test-cov-html.sh +``` + +
+ +Cette commande génère un répertoire `./htmlcov/`, si vous ouvrez le fichier `./htmlcov/index.html` dans votre navigateur, vous pouvez explorer interactivement les régions de code qui sont couvertes par les tests, et remarquer s'il y a une région manquante. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/deployment/docker.md b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/docker.md index e4b59afbf..d2dcae722 100644 --- a/docs/fr/docs/deployment/docker.md +++ b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/docker.md @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ $ docker run -d --name mycontainer -p 80:80 myimage
-Vous disposez maintenant d'un serveur FastAPI optimisé dans un conteneur Docker. Configuré automatiquement pour votre +Vous disposez maintenant d'un serveur FastAPI optimisé dans un conteneur Docker. Configuré automatiquement pour votre serveur actuel (et le nombre de cœurs du CPU). ## Vérifier @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ Vous verrez la documentation interactive automatique de l'API (fournie par http://192.168.99.100/redoc ou http://127.0.0.1/redoc (ou équivalent, en utilisant votre hôte Docker). @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ Vous verrez la documentation automatique alternative (fournie par Traefik est un reverse proxy/load balancer +Traefik est un reverse proxy/load balancer haute performance. Il peut faire office de "Proxy de terminaison TLS" (entre autres fonctionnalités). Il est intégré à Let's Encrypt. Ainsi, il peut gérer toutes les parties HTTPS, y compris l'acquisition et le renouvellement des certificats. @@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ Avec ces informations et ces outils, passez à la section suivante pour tout com Vous pouvez avoir un cluster en mode Docker Swarm configuré en quelques minutes (environ 20 min) avec un processus Traefik principal gérant HTTPS (y compris l'acquisition et le renouvellement des certificats). -En utilisant le mode Docker Swarm, vous pouvez commencer par un "cluster" d'une seule machine (il peut même s'agir +En utilisant le mode Docker Swarm, vous pouvez commencer par un "cluster" d'une seule machine (il peut même s'agir d'un serveur à 5 USD/mois) et ensuite vous pouvez vous développer autant que vous le souhaitez en ajoutant d'autres serveurs. Pour configurer un cluster en mode Docker Swarm avec Traefik et la gestion de HTTPS, suivez ce guide : diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/deployment/https.md b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/https.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ccf1f847a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/https.md @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +# À propos de HTTPS + +Il est facile de penser que HTTPS peut simplement être "activé" ou non. + +Mais c'est beaucoup plus complexe que cela. + +!!! tip + Si vous êtes pressé ou si cela ne vous intéresse pas, passez aux sections suivantes pour obtenir des instructions étape par étape afin de tout configurer avec différentes techniques. + +Pour apprendre les bases du HTTPS, du point de vue d'un utilisateur, consultez https://howhttps.works/. + +Maintenant, du point de vue d'un développeur, voici plusieurs choses à avoir en tête en pensant au HTTPS : + +* Pour le HTTPS, le serveur a besoin de "certificats" générés par une tierce partie. + * Ces certificats sont en fait acquis auprès de la tierce partie, et non "générés". +* Les certificats ont une durée de vie. + * Ils expirent. + * Puis ils doivent être renouvelés et acquis à nouveau auprès de la tierce partie. +* Le cryptage de la connexion se fait au niveau du protocole TCP. + * C'est une couche en dessous de HTTP. + * Donc, le certificat et le traitement du cryptage sont faits avant HTTP. +* TCP ne connaît pas les "domaines", seulement les adresses IP. + * L'information sur le domaine spécifique demandé se trouve dans les données HTTP. +* Les certificats HTTPS "certifient" un certain domaine, mais le protocole et le cryptage se font au niveau TCP, avant de savoir quel domaine est traité. +* Par défaut, cela signifie que vous ne pouvez avoir qu'un seul certificat HTTPS par adresse IP. + * Quelle que soit la taille de votre serveur ou la taille de chacune des applications qu'il contient. + * Il existe cependant une solution à ce problème. +* Il existe une extension du protocole TLS (celui qui gère le cryptage au niveau TCP, avant HTTP) appelée SNI (indication du nom du serveur). + * Cette extension SNI permet à un seul serveur (avec une seule adresse IP) d'avoir plusieurs certificats HTTPS et de servir plusieurs domaines/applications HTTPS. + * Pour que cela fonctionne, un seul composant (programme) fonctionnant sur le serveur, écoutant sur l'adresse IP publique, doit avoir tous les certificats HTTPS du serveur. +* Après avoir obtenu une connexion sécurisée, le protocole de communication est toujours HTTP. + * Le contenu est crypté, même s'il est envoyé avec le protocole HTTP. + +Il est courant d'avoir un seul programme/serveur HTTP fonctionnant sur le serveur (la machine, l'hôte, etc.) et +gérant toutes les parties HTTPS : envoyer les requêtes HTTP décryptées à l'application HTTP réelle fonctionnant sur +le même serveur (dans ce cas, l'application **FastAPI**), prendre la réponse HTTP de l'application, la crypter en utilisant le certificat approprié et la renvoyer au client en utilisant HTTPS. Ce serveur est souvent appelé un Proxy de terminaison TLS. + +## Let's Encrypt + +Avant Let's Encrypt, ces certificats HTTPS étaient vendus par des tiers de confiance. + +Le processus d'acquisition d'un de ces certificats était auparavant lourd, nécessitait pas mal de paperasses et les certificats étaient assez chers. + +Mais ensuite, Let's Encrypt a été créé. + +Il s'agit d'un projet de la Fondation Linux. Il fournit des certificats HTTPS gratuitement. De manière automatisée. Ces certificats utilisent toutes les sécurités cryptographiques standard et ont une durée de vie courte (environ 3 mois), de sorte que la sécurité est en fait meilleure en raison de leur durée de vie réduite. + +Les domaines sont vérifiés de manière sécurisée et les certificats sont générés automatiquement. Cela permet également d'automatiser le renouvellement de ces certificats. + +L'idée est d'automatiser l'acquisition et le renouvellement de ces certificats, afin que vous puissiez disposer d'un HTTPS sécurisé, gratuitement et pour toujours. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/deployment/index.md b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2014afe9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Déploiement + +Le déploiement d'une application **FastAPI** est relativement simple. + +## Que signifie le déploiement + +**Déployer** une application signifie effectuer les étapes nécessaires pour la rendre **disponible pour les +utilisateurs**. + +Pour une **API Web**, cela implique normalement de la placer sur une **machine distante**, avec un **programme serveur** +qui offre de bonnes performances, une bonne stabilité, _etc._, afin que vos **utilisateurs** puissent **accéder** à +l'application efficacement et sans interruption ni problème. + +Ceci contraste avec les étapes de **développement**, où vous êtes constamment en train de modifier le code, de le casser +et de le réparer, d'arrêter et de redémarrer le serveur de développement, _etc._ + +## Stratégies de déploiement + +Il existe plusieurs façons de procéder, en fonction de votre cas d'utilisation spécifique et des outils que vous +utilisez. + +Vous pouvez **déployer un serveur** vous-même en utilisant une combinaison d'outils, vous pouvez utiliser un **service +cloud** qui fait une partie du travail pour vous, ou encore d'autres options possibles. + +Je vais vous montrer certains des principaux concepts que vous devriez probablement avoir à l'esprit lors du déploiement +d'une application **FastAPI** (bien que la plupart de ces concepts s'appliquent à tout autre type d'application web). + +Vous verrez plus de détails à avoir en tête et certaines des techniques pour le faire dans les sections suivantes. ✨ diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/deployment/manually.md b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/manually.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c53e2db67 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/manually.md @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +# Exécuter un serveur manuellement - Uvicorn + +La principale chose dont vous avez besoin pour exécuter une application **FastAPI** sur une machine serveur distante est un programme serveur ASGI tel que **Uvicorn**. + +Il existe 3 principales alternatives : + +* Uvicorn : un serveur ASGI haute performance. +* Hypercorn : un serveur + ASGI compatible avec HTTP/2 et Trio entre autres fonctionnalités. +* Daphne : le serveur ASGI + conçu pour Django Channels. + +## Machine serveur et programme serveur + +Il y a un petit détail sur les noms à garder à l'esprit. 💡 + +Le mot "**serveur**" est couramment utilisé pour désigner à la fois l'ordinateur distant/cloud (la machine physique ou virtuelle) et également le programme qui s'exécute sur cette machine (par exemple, Uvicorn). + +Gardez cela à l'esprit lorsque vous lisez "serveur" en général, cela pourrait faire référence à l'une de ces deux choses. + +Lorsqu'on se réfère à la machine distante, il est courant de l'appeler **serveur**, mais aussi **machine**, **VM** (machine virtuelle), **nœud**. Tout cela fait référence à un type de machine distante, exécutant Linux, en règle générale, sur laquelle vous exécutez des programmes. + + +## Installer le programme serveur + +Vous pouvez installer un serveur compatible ASGI avec : + +=== "Uvicorn" + + * Uvicorn, un serveur ASGI rapide comme l'éclair, basé sur uvloop et httptools. + +
+ + ```console + $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + + ---> 100% + ``` + +
+ + !!! tip "Astuce" + En ajoutant `standard`, Uvicorn va installer et utiliser quelques dépendances supplémentaires recommandées. + + Cela inclut `uvloop`, le remplaçant performant de `asyncio`, qui fournit le gros gain de performance en matière de concurrence. + +=== "Hypercorn" + + * Hypercorn, un serveur ASGI également compatible avec HTTP/2. + +
+ + ```console + $ pip install hypercorn + + ---> 100% + ``` + +
+ + ...ou tout autre serveur ASGI. + +## Exécutez le programme serveur + +Vous pouvez ensuite exécuter votre application de la même manière que vous l'avez fait dans les tutoriels, mais sans l'option `--reload`, par exemple : + +=== "Uvicorn" + +
+ + ```console + $ uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 80 + + INFO: Uvicorn running on http://0.0.0.0:80 (Press CTRL+C to quit) + ``` + +
+ +=== "Hypercorn" + +
+ + ```console + $ hypercorn main:app --bind 0.0.0.0:80 + + Running on 0.0.0.0:8080 over http (CTRL + C to quit) + ``` + +
+ +!!! warning + N'oubliez pas de supprimer l'option `--reload` si vous l'utilisiez. + + L'option `--reload` consomme beaucoup plus de ressources, est plus instable, etc. + + Cela aide beaucoup pendant le **développement**, mais vous **ne devriez pas** l'utiliser en **production**. + +## Hypercorn avec Trio + +Starlette et **FastAPI** sont basés sur +AnyIO, qui les rend +compatibles avec asyncio, de la bibliothèque standard Python et +Trio. + +Néanmoins, Uvicorn n'est actuellement compatible qu'avec asyncio, et il utilise normalement `uvloop`, le remplaçant hautes performances de `asyncio`. + +Mais si vous souhaitez utiliser directement **Trio**, vous pouvez utiliser **Hypercorn** car il le prend en charge. ✨ + +### Installer Hypercorn avec Trio + +Vous devez d'abord installer Hypercorn avec le support Trio : + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "hypercorn[trio]" +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +### Exécuter avec Trio + +Ensuite, vous pouvez passer l'option de ligne de commande `--worker-class` avec la valeur `trio` : + +
+ +```console +$ hypercorn main:app --worker-class trio +``` + +
+ +Et cela démarrera Hypercorn avec votre application en utilisant Trio comme backend. + +Vous pouvez désormais utiliser Trio en interne dans votre application. Ou mieux encore, vous pouvez utiliser AnyIO pour que votre code reste compatible avec Trio et asyncio. 🎉 + +## Concepts de déploiement + +Ces exemples lancent le programme serveur (e.g. Uvicorn), démarrant **un seul processus**, sur toutes les IPs (`0.0. +0.0`) sur un port prédéfini (par example, `80`). + +C'est l'idée de base. Mais vous vous préoccuperez probablement de certains concepts supplémentaires, tels que ... : + +* la sécurité - HTTPS +* l'exécution au démarrage +* les redémarrages +* la réplication (le nombre de processus en cours d'exécution) +* la mémoire +* les étapes précédant le démarrage + +Je vous en dirai plus sur chacun de ces concepts, sur la façon de les aborder, et donnerai quelques exemples concrets avec des stratégies pour les traiter dans les prochains chapitres. 🚀 diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/deployment/versions.md b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/versions.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..136165e9d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/deployment/versions.md @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +# À propos des versions de FastAPI + +**FastAPI** est déjà utilisé en production dans de nombreuses applications et systèmes. Et la couverture de test est maintenue à 100 %. Mais son développement est toujours aussi rapide. + +De nouvelles fonctionnalités sont ajoutées fréquemment, des bogues sont corrigés régulièrement et le code est +amélioré continuellement. + +C'est pourquoi les versions actuelles sont toujours `0.x.x`, cela reflète que chaque version peut potentiellement +recevoir des changements non rétrocompatibles. Cela suit les conventions de versionnage sémantique. + +Vous pouvez créer des applications de production avec **FastAPI** dès maintenant (et vous le faites probablement depuis un certain temps), vous devez juste vous assurer que vous utilisez une version qui fonctionne correctement avec le reste de votre code. + +## Épinglez votre version de `fastapi` + +Tout d'abord il faut "épingler" la version de **FastAPI** que vous utilisez à la dernière version dont vous savez +qu'elle fonctionne correctement pour votre application. + +Par exemple, disons que vous utilisez la version `0.45.0` dans votre application. + +Si vous utilisez un fichier `requirements.txt`, vous pouvez spécifier la version avec : + +```txt +fastapi==0.45.0 +``` + +ce qui signifierait que vous utiliseriez exactement la version `0.45.0`. + +Ou vous pourriez aussi l'épingler avec : + +```txt +fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0 +``` + +cela signifierait que vous utiliseriez les versions `0.45.0` ou supérieures, mais inférieures à `0.46.0`, par exemple, une version `0.45.2` serait toujours acceptée. + +Si vous utilisez un autre outil pour gérer vos installations, comme Poetry, Pipenv, ou autres, ils ont tous un moyen que vous pouvez utiliser pour définir des versions spécifiques pour vos paquets. + +## Versions disponibles + +Vous pouvez consulter les versions disponibles (par exemple, pour vérifier quelle est la dernière version en date) dans les [Notes de version](../release-notes.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## À propos des versions + +Suivant les conventions de versionnage sémantique, toute version inférieure à `1.0.0` peut potentiellement ajouter +des changements non rétrocompatibles. + +FastAPI suit également la convention que tout changement de version "PATCH" est pour des corrections de bogues et +des changements rétrocompatibles. + +!!! tip "Astuce" + Le "PATCH" est le dernier chiffre, par exemple, dans `0.2.3`, la version PATCH est `3`. + +Donc, vous devriez être capable d'épingler une version comme suit : + +```txt +fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0 +``` + +Les changements non rétrocompatibles et les nouvelles fonctionnalités sont ajoutés dans les versions "MINOR". + +!!! tip "Astuce" + Le "MINOR" est le numéro au milieu, par exemple, dans `0.2.3`, la version MINOR est `2`. + +## Mise à jour des versions FastAPI + +Vous devriez tester votre application. + +Avec **FastAPI** c'est très facile (merci à Starlette), consultez la documentation : [Testing](../tutorial/testing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} + +Après avoir effectué des tests, vous pouvez mettre à jour la version **FastAPI** vers une version plus récente, et vous assurer que tout votre code fonctionne correctement en exécutant vos tests. + +Si tout fonctionne, ou après avoir fait les changements nécessaires, et que tous vos tests passent, vous pouvez +épingler votre version de `fastapi` à cette nouvelle version récente. + +## À propos de Starlette + +Vous ne devriez pas épingler la version de `starlette`. + +Différentes versions de **FastAPI** utiliseront une version spécifique plus récente de Starlette. + +Ainsi, vous pouvez simplement laisser **FastAPI** utiliser la bonne version de Starlette. + +## À propos de Pydantic + +Pydantic inclut des tests pour **FastAPI** avec ses propres tests, ainsi les nouvelles versions de Pydantic (au-dessus +de `1.0.0`) sont toujours compatibles avec **FastAPI**. + +Vous pouvez épingler Pydantic à toute version supérieure à `1.0.0` qui fonctionne pour vous et inférieure à `2.0.0`. + +Par exemple : + +```txt +pydantic>=1.2.0,<2.0.0 +``` diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/external-links.md b/docs/fr/docs/external-links.md index 002e6d2b2..37b8c5b13 100644 --- a/docs/fr/docs/external-links.md +++ b/docs/fr/docs/external-links.md @@ -9,70 +9,21 @@ Voici une liste incomplète de certains d'entre eux. !!! tip "Astuce" Si vous avez un article, projet, outil, ou quoi que ce soit lié à **FastAPI** qui n'est actuellement pas listé ici, créez une Pull Request l'ajoutant. -## Articles +{% for section_name, section_content in external_links.items() %} -### Anglais +## {{ section_name }} -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.english %} +{% for lang_name, lang_content in section_content.items() %} + +### {{ lang_name }} + +{% for item in lang_content %} + +* {{ item.title }} by {{ item.author }}. -* {{ article.title }} par {{ article.author }}. {% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -### Japonais - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.japanese %} - -* {{ article.title }} par {{ article.author }}. {% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -### Vietnamien - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.vietnamese %} - -* {{ article.title }} par {{ article.author }}. {% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -### Russe - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.russian %} - -* {{ article.title }} par {{ article.author }}. -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -### Allemand - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.german %} - -* {{ article.title }} par {{ article.author }}. -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -## Podcasts - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.podcasts.english %} - -* {{ article.title }} par {{ article.author }}. -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -## Conférences - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.talks.english %} - -* {{ article.title }} par {{ article.author }}. -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} ## Projets diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/fastapi-people.md b/docs/fr/docs/fastapi-people.md index 9ec2718c4..945f0794e 100644 --- a/docs/fr/docs/fastapi-people.md +++ b/docs/fr/docs/fastapi-people.md @@ -114,6 +114,8 @@ Ce sont les **Sponsors**. 😎 Ils soutiennent mon travail avec **FastAPI** (et d'autres) avec GitHub Sponsors. +{% if sponsors %} + {% if sponsors.gold %} ### Gold Sponsors @@ -141,6 +143,7 @@ Ils soutiennent mon travail avec **FastAPI** (et d'autres) avec la fonctionnalité la plus utilisée est "l'autocomplètion". +Dans le dernier sondage effectué auprès de développeurs python il était clair que la fonctionnalité la plus utilisée est "l’autocomplétion". -Tout le framwork **FastAPI** a été conçu avec cela en tête. L'autocomplétion fonctionne partout. +Tout le framework **FastAPI** a été conçu avec cela en tête. L'autocomplétion fonctionne partout. Vous devrez rarement revenir à la documentation. @@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ FastAPI contient un système simple mais extrêmement puissant d'Starlette. Le code utilisant Starlette que vous ajouterez fonctionnera donc aussi. -En fait, `FastAPI` est un sous compposant de `Starlette`. Donc, si vous savez déjà comment utiliser Starlette, la plupart des fonctionnalités fonctionneront de la même manière. +En fait, `FastAPI` est un sous composant de `Starlette`. Donc, si vous savez déjà comment utiliser Starlette, la plupart des fonctionnalités fonctionneront de la même manière. Avec **FastAPI** vous aurez toutes les fonctionnalités de **Starlette** (FastAPI est juste Starlette sous stéroïdes): -* Des performances vraiments impressionnantes. C'est l'un des framework Python les plus rapide, à égalité avec **NodeJS** et **GO**. +* Des performances vraiment impressionnantes. C'est l'un des framework Python les plus rapide, à égalité avec **NodeJS** et **GO**. * Le support des **WebSockets**. * Le support de **GraphQL**. * Les tâches d'arrière-plan. @@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ Inclus des librairies externes basées, aussi, sur Pydantic, servent d'IDE/linter/cerveau**: * Parce que les structures de données de pydantic consistent seulement en une instance de classe que vous définissez; l'auto-complétion, le linting, mypy et votre intuition devrait être largement suffisante pour valider vos données. * **Rapide**: - * Dans les benchmarks Pydantic est plus rapide que toutes les autres librairies testées. + * Dans les benchmarks Pydantic est plus rapide que toutes les autres librairies testées. * Valide les **structures complexes**: * Utilise les modèles hiérarchique de Pydantic, le `typage` Python pour les `Lists`, `Dict`, etc. * Et les validateurs permettent aux schémas de données complexes d'être clairement et facilement définis, validés et documentés sous forme d'un schéma JSON. - * Vous pouvez avoir des objets **JSON fortements imbriqués** tout en ayant, pour chacun, de la validation et des annotations. + * Vous pouvez avoir des objets **JSON fortement imbriqués** tout en ayant, pour chacun, de la validation et des annotations. * **Renouvelable**: * Pydantic permet de définir de nouveaux types de données ou vous pouvez étendre la validation avec des méthodes sur un modèle décoré avec le décorateur de validation * 100% de couverture de test. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/help-fastapi.md b/docs/fr/docs/help-fastapi.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..525c699f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/help-fastapi.md @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +# Help FastAPI - Obtenir de l'aide + +Aimez-vous **FastAPI** ? + +Vous souhaitez aider FastAPI, les autres utilisateurs et l'auteur ? + +Ou souhaitez-vous obtenir de l'aide avec le **FastAPI** ? + +Il existe des moyens très simples d'aider (plusieurs ne nécessitent qu'un ou deux clics). + +Il existe également plusieurs façons d'obtenir de l'aide. + +## Star **FastAPI** sur GitHub + +Vous pouvez "star" FastAPI dans GitHub (en cliquant sur le bouton étoile en haut à droite) : https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. ⭐️ + +En ajoutant une étoile, les autres utilisateurs pourront la trouver plus facilement et constater qu'elle a déjà été utile à d'autres. + +## Watch le dépôt GitHub pour les releases + +Vous pouvez "watch" FastAPI dans GitHub (en cliquant sur le bouton "watch" en haut à droite) : https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. 👀 + +Vous pouvez y sélectionner "Releases only". + +Ainsi, vous recevrez des notifications (dans votre courrier électronique) chaque fois qu'il y aura une nouvelle version de **FastAPI** avec des corrections de bugs et de nouvelles fonctionnalités. + +## Se rapprocher de l'auteur + +Vous pouvez vous rapprocher de moi (Sebastián Ramírez / `tiangolo`), l'auteur. + +Vous pouvez : + +* Me suivre sur **GitHub**. + * Voir d'autres projets Open Source que j'ai créés et qui pourraient vous aider. + * Suivez-moi pour voir quand je crée un nouveau projet Open Source. +* Me suivre sur **Twitter**. + * Dites-moi comment vous utilisez FastAPI (j'adore entendre ça). + * Entendre quand je fais des annonces ou que je lance de nouveaux outils. +* Vous connectez à moi sur **LinkedIn**. + * Etre notifié quand je fais des annonces ou que je lance de nouveaux outils (bien que j'utilise plus souvent Twitter 🤷‍♂). +* Lire ce que j’écris (ou me suivre) sur **Dev.to** ou **Medium**. + * Lire d'autres idées, articles, et sur les outils que j'ai créés. + * Suivez-moi pour lire quand je publie quelque chose de nouveau. + +## Tweeter sur **FastAPI** + +Tweetez à propos de **FastAPI** et faites-moi savoir, ainsi qu'aux autres, pourquoi vous aimez ça. 🎉 + +J'aime entendre parler de l'utilisation du **FastAPI**, de ce que vous avez aimé dedans, dans quel projet/entreprise l'utilisez-vous, etc. + +## Voter pour FastAPI + +* Votez pour **FastAPI** sur Slant. +* Votez pour **FastAPI** sur AlternativeTo. +* Votez pour **FastAPI** sur awesome-rest. + +## Aider les autres à résoudre les problèmes dans GitHub + +Vous pouvez voir les problèmes existants et essayer d'aider les autres, la plupart du temps il s'agit de questions dont vous connaissez peut-être déjà la réponse. 🤓 + +## Watch le dépôt GitHub + +Vous pouvez "watch" FastAPI dans GitHub (en cliquant sur le bouton "watch" en haut à droite) : https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. 👀 + +Si vous sélectionnez "Watching" au lieu de "Releases only", vous recevrez des notifications lorsque quelqu'un crée une nouvelle Issue. + +Vous pouvez alors essayer de les aider à résoudre ces problèmes. + +## Créer une Issue + +Vous pouvez créer une Issue dans le dépôt GitHub, par exemple pour : + +* Poser une question ou s'informer sur un problème. +* Suggérer une nouvelle fonctionnalité. + +**Note** : si vous créez un problème, alors je vais vous demander d'aider aussi les autres. 😉 + +## Créer une Pull Request + +Vous pouvez créer une Pull Request, par exemple : + +* Pour corriger une faute de frappe que vous avez trouvée sur la documentation. +* Proposer de nouvelles sections de documentation. +* Pour corriger une Issue/Bug existant. +* Pour ajouter une nouvelle fonctionnalité. + +## Parrainer l'auteur + +Vous pouvez également soutenir financièrement l'auteur (moi) via GitHub sponsors. + +Là, vous pourriez m'offrir un café ☕️ pour me remercier 😄. + +## Sponsoriser les outils qui font fonctionner FastAPI + +Comme vous l'avez vu dans la documentation, FastAPI se tient sur les épaules des géants, Starlette et Pydantic. + +Vous pouvez également parrainer : + +* Samuel Colvin (Pydantic) +* Encode (Starlette, Uvicorn) + +--- + +Merci ! 🚀 diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/history-design-future.md b/docs/fr/docs/history-design-future.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b77664be6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/history-design-future.md @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +# Histoire, conception et avenir + +Il y a quelque temps, un utilisateur de **FastAPI** a demandé : + +> Quelle est l'histoire de ce projet ? Il semble être sorti de nulle part et est devenu génial en quelques semaines [...]. + +Voici un petit bout de cette histoire. + +## Alternatives + +Je crée des API avec des exigences complexes depuis plusieurs années (Machine Learning, systèmes distribués, jobs asynchrones, bases de données NoSQL, etc), en dirigeant plusieurs équipes de développeurs. + +Dans ce cadre, j'ai dû étudier, tester et utiliser de nombreuses alternatives. + +L'histoire de **FastAPI** est en grande partie l'histoire de ses prédécesseurs. + +Comme dit dans la section [Alternatives](alternatives.md){.internal-link target=\_blank} : + +
+ +**FastAPI** n'existerait pas sans le travail antérieur d'autres personnes. + +Il y a eu de nombreux outils créés auparavant qui ont contribué à inspirer sa création. + +J'ai évité la création d'un nouveau framework pendant plusieurs années. J'ai d'abord essayé de résoudre toutes les fonctionnalités couvertes par **FastAPI** en utilisant de nombreux frameworks, plug-ins et outils différents. + +Mais à un moment donné, il n'y avait pas d'autre option que de créer quelque chose qui offre toutes ces fonctionnalités, en prenant les meilleures idées des outils précédents, et en les combinant de la meilleure façon possible, en utilisant des fonctionnalités du langage qui n'étaient même pas disponibles auparavant (annotations de type pour Python 3.6+). + +
+ +## Recherche + +En utilisant toutes les alternatives précédentes, j'ai eu la chance d'apprendre de toutes, de prendre des idées, et de les combiner de la meilleure façon que j'ai pu trouver pour moi-même et les équipes de développeurs avec lesquelles j'ai travaillé. + +Par exemple, il était clair que l'idéal était de se baser sur les annotations de type Python standard. + +De plus, la meilleure approche était d'utiliser des normes déjà existantes. + +Ainsi, avant même de commencer à coder **FastAPI**, j'ai passé plusieurs mois à étudier les spécifications d'OpenAPI, JSON Schema, OAuth2, etc. Comprendre leurs relations, leurs similarités et leurs différences. + +## Conception + +Ensuite, j'ai passé du temps à concevoir l'"API" de développeur que je voulais avoir en tant qu'utilisateur (en tant que développeur utilisant FastAPI). + +J'ai testé plusieurs idées dans les éditeurs Python les plus populaires : PyCharm, VS Code, les éditeurs basés sur Jedi. + +D'après la dernière Enquête Développeurs Python, cela couvre environ 80% des utilisateurs. + +Cela signifie que **FastAPI** a été spécifiquement testé avec les éditeurs utilisés par 80% des développeurs Python. Et comme la plupart des autres éditeurs ont tendance à fonctionner de façon similaire, tous ses avantages devraient fonctionner pour pratiquement tous les éditeurs. + +Ainsi, j'ai pu trouver les meilleurs moyens de réduire autant que possible la duplication du code, d'avoir la complétion partout, les contrôles de type et d'erreur, etc. + +Le tout de manière à offrir la meilleure expérience de développement à tous les développeurs. + +## Exigences + +Après avoir testé plusieurs alternatives, j'ai décidé que j'allais utiliser **Pydantic** pour ses avantages. + +J'y ai ensuite contribué, pour le rendre entièrement compatible avec JSON Schema, pour supporter différentes manières de définir les déclarations de contraintes, et pour améliorer le support des éditeurs (vérifications de type, autocomplétion) sur la base des tests effectués dans plusieurs éditeurs. + +Pendant le développement, j'ai également contribué à **Starlette**, l'autre exigence clé. + +## Développement + +Au moment où j'ai commencé à créer **FastAPI** lui-même, la plupart des pièces étaient déjà en place, la conception était définie, les exigences et les outils étaient prêts, et la connaissance des normes et des spécifications était claire et fraîche. + +## Futur + +À ce stade, il est déjà clair que **FastAPI** et ses idées sont utiles pour de nombreuses personnes. + +Elle a été préférée aux solutions précédentes parce qu'elle convient mieux à de nombreux cas d'utilisation. + +De nombreux développeurs et équipes dépendent déjà de **FastAPI** pour leurs projets (y compris moi et mon équipe). + +Mais il y a encore de nombreuses améliorations et fonctionnalités à venir. + +**FastAPI** a un grand avenir devant lui. + +Et [votre aide](help-fastapi.md){.internal-link target=\_blank} est grandement appréciée. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/index.md b/docs/fr/docs/index.md index 40e6dfdff..f732fc74c 100644 --- a/docs/fr/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/fr/docs/index.md @@ -1,48 +1,46 @@ - -{!../../../docs/missing-translation.md!} - -

FastAPI

- FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production + Framework FastAPI, haute performance, facile à apprendre, rapide à coder, prêt pour la production

- - Test + + Test - - Coverage + + Coverage Package version + + Supported Python versions +

--- -**Documentation**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com +**Documentation** : https://fastapi.tiangolo.com -**Source Code**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi +**Code Source** : https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi --- -FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints. +FastAPI est un framework web moderne et rapide (haute performance) pour la création d'API avec Python 3.8+, basé sur les annotations de type standard de Python. -The key features are: +Les principales fonctionnalités sont : -* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance). +* **Rapidité** : De très hautes performances, au niveau de **NodeJS** et **Go** (grâce à Starlette et Pydantic). [L'un des frameworks Python les plus rapides](#performance). +* **Rapide à coder** : Augmente la vitesse de développement des fonctionnalités d'environ 200 % à 300 %. * +* **Moins de bugs** : Réduit d'environ 40 % les erreurs induites par le développeur. * +* **Intuitif** : Excellente compatibilité avec les IDE. Complétion complète. Moins de temps passé à déboguer. +* **Facile** : Conçu pour être facile à utiliser et à apprendre. Moins de temps passé à lire la documentation. +* **Concis** : Diminue la duplication de code. De nombreuses fonctionnalités liées à la déclaration de chaque paramètre. Moins de bugs. +* **Robuste** : Obtenez un code prêt pour la production. Avec une documentation interactive automatique. +* **Basé sur des normes** : Basé sur (et entièrement compatible avec) les standards ouverts pour les APIs : OpenAPI (précédemment connu sous le nom de Swagger) et JSON Schema. -* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * -* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. * -* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. Completion everywhere. Less time debugging. -* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs. -* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs. -* **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation. -* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: OpenAPI (previously known as Swagger) and JSON Schema. - -* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications. +* estimation basée sur des tests d'une équipe de développement interne, construisant des applications de production. ## Sponsors @@ -63,60 +61,66 @@ The key features are: ## Opinions -"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._" +"_[...] J'utilise beaucoup **FastAPI** ces derniers temps. [...] Je prévois de l'utiliser dans mon équipe pour tous les **services de ML chez Microsoft**. Certains d'entre eux seront intégrés dans le coeur de **Windows** et dans certains produits **Office**._"
Kabir Khan - Microsoft (ref)
--- -"_We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]_" +"_Nous avons adopté la bibliothèque **FastAPI** pour créer un serveur **REST** qui peut être interrogé pour obtenir des **prédictions**. [pour Ludwig]_" -
Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - Uber (ref)
+
Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin et Sai Sumanth Miryala - Uber (ref)
--- -"_**Netflix** is pleased to announce the open-source release of our **crisis management** orchestration framework: **Dispatch**! [built with **FastAPI**]_" +"_**Netflix** a le plaisir d'annoncer la sortie en open-source de notre framework d'orchestration de **gestion de crise** : **Dispatch** ! [construit avec **FastAPI**]_"
Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - Netflix (ref)
--- -"_I’m over the moon excited about **FastAPI**. It’s so fun!_" +"_Je suis très enthousiaste à propos de **FastAPI**. C'est un bonheur !_" -
Brian Okken - Python Bytes podcast host (ref)
+
Brian Okken - Auteur du podcast Python Bytes (ref)
--- -"_Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that._" +"_Honnêtement, ce que vous avez construit a l'air super solide et élégant. A bien des égards, c'est comme ça que je voulais que **Hug** soit - c'est vraiment inspirant de voir quelqu'un construire ça._" -
Timothy Crosley - Hug creator (ref)
+
Timothy Crosley - Créateur de Hug (ref)
--- -"_If you're looking to learn one **modern framework** for building REST APIs, check out **FastAPI** [...] It's fast, easy to use and easy to learn [...]_" +"_Si vous cherchez à apprendre un **framework moderne** pour créer des APIs REST, regardez **FastAPI** [...] C'est rapide, facile à utiliser et à apprendre [...]_" -"_We've switched over to **FastAPI** for our **APIs** [...] I think you'll like it [...]_" +"_Nous sommes passés à **FastAPI** pour nos **APIs** [...] Je pense que vous l'aimerez [...]_" -
Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - Explosion AI founders - spaCy creators (ref) - (ref)
+
Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - Fondateurs de Explosion AI - Créateurs de spaCy (ref) - (ref)
--- -## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs +"_Si quelqu'un cherche à construire une API Python de production, je recommande vivement **FastAPI**. Il est **bien conçu**, **simple à utiliser** et **très évolutif**. Il est devenu un **composant clé** dans notre stratégie de développement API first et il est à l'origine de nombreux automatismes et services tels que notre ingénieur virtuel TAC._" + +
Deon Pillsbury - Cisco (ref)
+ +--- + +## **Typer**, le FastAPI des CLI -If you are building a CLI app to be used in the terminal instead of a web API, check out **Typer**. +Si vous souhaitez construire une application CLI utilisable dans un terminal au lieu d'une API web, regardez **Typer**. -**Typer** is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the **FastAPI of CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀 +**Typer** est le petit frère de FastAPI. Et il est destiné à être le **FastAPI des CLI**. ⌨️ 🚀 -## Requirements +## Prérequis -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.8+ -FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: +FastAPI repose sur les épaules de géants : -* Starlette for the web parts. -* Pydantic for the data parts. +* Starlette pour les parties web. +* Pydantic pour les parties données. ## Installation @@ -130,26 +134,26 @@ $ pip install fastapi -You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn. +Vous aurez également besoin d'un serveur ASGI pour la production tel que Uvicorn ou Hypercorn.
```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ```
-## Example +## Exemple -### Create it +### Créez -* Create a file `main.py` with: +* Créez un fichier `main.py` avec : ```Python -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -162,17 +166,17 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ```
-Or use async def... +Ou utilisez async def ... -If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`: +Si votre code utilise `async` / `await`, utilisez `async def` : -```Python hl_lines="9 14" -from typing import Optional +```Python hl_lines="9 14" +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -185,19 +189,19 @@ async def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` -**Note**: +**Note** -If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about `async` and `await` in the docs. +Si vous n'êtes pas familier avec cette notion, consultez la section _"Vous êtes pressés ?"_ à propos de `async` et `await` dans la documentation.
-### Run it +### Lancez -Run the server with: +Lancez le serveur avec :
@@ -214,57 +218,57 @@ INFO: Application startup complete.
-About the command uvicorn main:app --reload... +À propos de la commande uvicorn main:app --reload ... -The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to: +La commande `uvicorn main:app` fait référence à : -* `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module"). -* `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`. -* `--reload`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development. +* `main` : le fichier `main.py` (le "module" Python). +* `app` : l'objet créé à l'intérieur de `main.py` avec la ligne `app = FastAPI()`. +* `--reload` : fait redémarrer le serveur après des changements de code. À n'utiliser que pour le développement.
-### Check it +### Vérifiez -Open your browser at http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. +Ouvrez votre navigateur à l'adresse http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. -You will see the JSON response as: +Vous obtenez alors cette réponse JSON : ```JSON {"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} ``` -You already created an API that: +Vous venez de créer une API qui : -* Receives HTTP requests in the _paths_ `/` and `/items/{item_id}`. -* Both _paths_ take `GET` operations (also known as HTTP _methods_). -* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has a _path parameter_ `item_id` that should be an `int`. -* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has an optional `str` _query parameter_ `q`. +* Reçoit les requêtes HTTP pour les _chemins_ `/` et `/items/{item_id}`. +* Les deux _chemins_ acceptent des opérations `GET` (également connu sous le nom de _méthodes_ HTTP). +* Le _chemin_ `/items/{item_id}` a un _paramètre_ `item_id` qui doit être un `int`. +* Le _chemin_ `/items/{item_id}` a un _paramètre de requête_ optionnel `q` de type `str`. -### Interactive API docs +### Documentation API interactive -Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. +Maintenant, rendez-vous sur http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. -You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by Swagger UI): +Vous verrez la documentation interactive automatique de l'API (fournie par Swagger UI) : ![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) -### Alternative API docs +### Documentation API alternative -And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. +Et maintenant, rendez-vous sur http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. -You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by ReDoc): +Vous verrez la documentation interactive automatique de l'API (fournie par ReDoc) : ![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) -## Example upgrade +## Exemple plus poussé -Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request. +Maintenant, modifiez le fichier `main.py` pour recevoir le corps d'une requête `PUT`. -Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic. +Déclarez ce corps en utilisant les types Python standards, grâce à Pydantic. -```Python hl_lines="4 9 10 11 12 25 26 27" -from typing import Optional +```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -275,7 +279,7 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str price: float - is_offer: Optional[bool] = None + is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None @app.get("/") @@ -284,7 +288,7 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} @@ -293,175 +297,172 @@ def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} ``` -The server should reload automatically (because you added `--reload` to the `uvicorn` command above). +Le serveur se recharge normalement automatiquement (car vous avez pensé à `--reload` dans la commande `uvicorn` ci-dessus). -### Interactive API docs upgrade +### Plus loin avec la documentation API interactive -Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. +Maintenant, rendez-vous sur http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. -* The interactive API documentation will be automatically updated, including the new body: +* La documentation interactive de l'API sera automatiquement mise à jour, y compris le nouveau corps de la requête : ![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) -* Click on the button "Try it out", it allows you to fill the parameters and directly interact with the API: +* Cliquez sur le bouton "Try it out", il vous permet de renseigner les paramètres et d'interagir directement avec l'API : ![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) -* Then click on the "Execute" button, the user interface will communicate with your API, send the parameters, get the results and show them on the screen: +* Cliquez ensuite sur le bouton "Execute", l'interface utilisateur communiquera avec votre API, enverra les paramètres, obtiendra les résultats et les affichera à l'écran : ![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) -### Alternative API docs upgrade +### Plus loin avec la documentation API alternative -And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. +Et maintenant, rendez-vous sur http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. -* The alternative documentation will also reflect the new query parameter and body: +* La documentation alternative reflétera également le nouveau paramètre de requête et le nouveau corps : ![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) -### Recap +### En résumé -In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters. +En résumé, vous déclarez **une fois** les types de paramètres, le corps de la requête, etc. en tant que paramètres de fonction. -You do that with standard modern Python types. +Vous faites cela avec les types Python standard modernes. -You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc. +Vous n'avez pas à apprendre une nouvelle syntaxe, les méthodes ou les classes d'une bibliothèque spécifique, etc. -Just standard **Python 3.6+**. +Juste du **Python 3.8+** standard. -For example, for an `int`: +Par exemple, pour un `int`: ```Python item_id: int ``` -or for a more complex `Item` model: +ou pour un modèle `Item` plus complexe : ```Python item: Item ``` -...and with that single declaration you get: +... et avec cette déclaration unique, vous obtenez : -* Editor support, including: - * Completion. - * Type checks. -* Validation of data: - * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid. - * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects. -* Conversion of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from: - * JSON. - * Path parameters. - * Query parameters. - * Cookies. - * Headers. - * Forms. - * Files. -* Conversion of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON): - * Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc). - * `datetime` objects. - * `UUID` objects. - * Database models. - * ...and many more. -* Automatic interactive API documentation, including 2 alternative user interfaces: +* Une assistance dans votre IDE, notamment : + * la complétion. + * la vérification des types. +* La validation des données : + * des erreurs automatiques et claires lorsque les données ne sont pas valides. + * une validation même pour les objets JSON profondément imbriqués. +* Une conversion des données d'entrée : venant du réseau et allant vers les données et types de Python, permettant de lire : + * le JSON. + * les paramètres du chemin. + * les paramètres de la requête. + * les cookies. + * les en-têtes. + * les formulaires. + * les fichiers. +* La conversion des données de sortie : conversion des données et types Python en données réseau (au format JSON), permettant de convertir : + * les types Python (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc). + * les objets `datetime`. + * les objets `UUID`. + * les modèles de base de données. + * ... et beaucoup plus. +* La documentation API interactive automatique, avec 2 interfaces utilisateur au choix : * Swagger UI. * ReDoc. --- -Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will: +Pour revenir à l'exemple de code précédent, **FastAPI** permet de : -* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests. -* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests. - * If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error. -* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests. - * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional. - * Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`). -* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, Read the body as JSON: - * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`. - * Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`. - * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present. - * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects. -* Convert from and to JSON automatically. -* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by: - * Interactive documentation systems. - * Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages. -* Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly. +* Valider que `item_id` existe dans le chemin des requêtes `GET` et `PUT`. +* Valider que `item_id` est de type `int` pour les requêtes `GET` et `PUT`. + * Si ce n'est pas le cas, le client voit une erreur utile et claire. +* Vérifier qu'il existe un paramètre de requête facultatif nommé `q` (comme dans `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) pour les requêtes `GET`. + * Puisque le paramètre `q` est déclaré avec `= None`, il est facultatif. + * Sans le `None`, il serait nécessaire (comme l'est le corps de la requête dans le cas du `PUT`). +* Pour les requêtes `PUT` vers `/items/{item_id}`, de lire le corps en JSON : + * Vérifier qu'il a un attribut obligatoire `name` qui devrait être un `str`. + * Vérifier qu'il a un attribut obligatoire `prix` qui doit être un `float`. + * Vérifier qu'il a un attribut facultatif `is_offer`, qui devrait être un `bool`, s'il est présent. + * Tout cela fonctionnerait également pour les objets JSON profondément imbriqués. +* Convertir de et vers JSON automatiquement. +* Documenter tout avec OpenAPI, qui peut être utilisé par : + * Les systèmes de documentation interactifs. + * Les systèmes de génération automatique de code client, pour de nombreuses langues. +* Fournir directement 2 interfaces web de documentation interactive. --- -We just scratched the surface, but you already get the idea of how it all works. +Nous n'avons fait qu'effleurer la surface, mais vous avez déjà une idée de la façon dont tout cela fonctionne. -Try changing the line with: +Essayez de changer la ligne contenant : ```Python return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} ``` -...from: +... de : ```Python ... "item_name": item.name ... ``` -...to: +... vers : ```Python ... "item_price": item.price ... ``` -...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types: +... et voyez comment votre éditeur complétera automatiquement les attributs et connaîtra leurs types : -![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) +![compatibilité IDE](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) -For a more complete example including more features, see the Tutorial - User Guide. +Pour un exemple plus complet comprenant plus de fonctionnalités, voir le Tutoriel - Guide utilisateur. -**Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes: +**Spoiler alert** : le tutoriel - guide utilisateur inclut : -* Declaration of **parameters** from other different places as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**. -* How to set **validation constraints** as `maximum_length` or `regex`. -* A very powerful and easy to use **Dependency Injection** system. -* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth. -* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic). -* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as: +* Déclaration de **paramètres** provenant d'autres endroits différents comme : **en-têtes.**, **cookies**, **champs de formulaire** et **fichiers**. +* L'utilisation de **contraintes de validation** comme `maximum_length` ou `regex`. +* Un **système d'injection de dépendance ** très puissant et facile à utiliser . +* Sécurité et authentification, y compris la prise en charge de **OAuth2** avec les **jetons JWT** et l'authentification **HTTP Basic**. +* Des techniques plus avancées (mais tout aussi faciles) pour déclarer les **modèles JSON profondément imbriqués** (grâce à Pydantic). +* Intégration de **GraphQL** avec Strawberry et d'autres bibliothèques. +* D'obtenir de nombreuses fonctionnalités supplémentaires (grâce à Starlette) comme : * **WebSockets** - * **GraphQL** - * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest` - * **CORS** + * de tester le code très facilement avec `requests` et `pytest` + * **CORS** * **Cookie Sessions** - * ...and more. + * ... et plus encore. ## Performance -Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as one of the fastest Python frameworks available, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*) +Les benchmarks TechEmpower indépendants montrent que les applications **FastAPI** s'exécutant sous Uvicorn sont parmi les frameworks existants en Python les plus rapides , juste derrière Starlette et Uvicorn (utilisés en interne par FastAPI). (*) -To understand more about it, see the section Benchmarks. +Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section Benchmarks. -## Optional Dependencies +## Dépendances facultatives -Used by Pydantic: +Utilisées par Pydantic: -* ujson - for faster JSON "parsing". -* email_validator - for email validation. +* email_validator - pour la validation des adresses email. -Used by Starlette: +Utilisées par Starlette : -* requests - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. -* aiofiles - Required if you want to use `FileResponse` or `StaticFiles`. -* jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. -* python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with `request.form()`. -* itsdangerous - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support. -* pyyaml - Required for Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI). -* graphene - Required for `GraphQLApp` support. -* ujson - Required if you want to use `UJSONResponse`. +* requests - Obligatoire si vous souhaitez utiliser `TestClient`. +* jinja2 - Obligatoire si vous souhaitez utiliser la configuration de template par défaut. +* python-multipart - Obligatoire si vous souhaitez supporter le "décodage" de formulaire avec `request.form()`. +* itsdangerous - Obligatoire pour la prise en charge de `SessionMiddleware`. +* pyyaml - Obligatoire pour le support `SchemaGenerator` de Starlette (vous n'en avez probablement pas besoin avec FastAPI). +* ujson - Obligatoire si vous souhaitez utiliser `UJSONResponse`. -Used by FastAPI / Starlette: +Utilisées par FastAPI / Starlette : -* uvicorn - for the server that loads and serves your application. -* orjson - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`. +* uvicorn - Pour le serveur qui charge et sert votre application. +* orjson - Obligatoire si vous voulez utiliser `ORJSONResponse`. -You can install all of these with `pip install fastapi[all]`. +Vous pouvez tout installer avec `pip install fastapi[all]`. -## License +## Licence -This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license. \ No newline at end of file +Ce projet est soumis aux termes de la licence MIT. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/python-types.md b/docs/fr/docs/python-types.md index 4008ed96f..f49fbafd3 100644 --- a/docs/fr/docs/python-types.md +++ b/docs/fr/docs/python-types.md @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ Comme l'éditeur connaît le type des variables, vous n'avez pas seulement l'aut -Maintenant que vous avez connaissance du problème, convertissez `age` en chaine de caractères grâce à `str(age)` : +Maintenant que vous avez connaissance du problème, convertissez `age` en chaîne de caractères grâce à `str(age)` : ```Python hl_lines="2" {!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial004.py!} diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md index 06ef93cd7..f7cf1a6cc 100644 --- a/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md +++ b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Cela comprend, par exemple : * Les notifications par email envoyées après l'exécution d'une action : * Étant donné que se connecter à un serveur et envoyer un email a tendance à être «lent» (plusieurs secondes), vous pouvez retourner la réponse directement et envoyer la notification en arrière-plan. * Traiter des données : - * Par exemple, si vous recevez un fichier qui doit passer par un traitement lent, vous pouvez retourner une réponse «Accepted» (HTTP 202) puis faire le traitement en arrière-plan. + * Par exemple, si vous recevez un fichier qui doit passer par un traitement lent, vous pouvez retourner une réponse «Accepted» (HTTP 202) puis faire le traitement en arrière-plan. ## Utiliser `BackgroundTasks` @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ La classe `BackgroundTasks` provient directement de Celery. +Si vous avez besoin de réaliser des traitements lourds en tâche d'arrière-plan et que vous n'avez pas besoin que ces traitements aient lieu dans le même process (par exemple, pas besoin de partager la mémoire, les variables, etc.), il peut s'avérer profitable d'utiliser des outils plus importants tels que Celery. Ces outils nécessitent généralement des configurations plus complexes ainsi qu'un gestionnaire de queue de message, comme RabbitMQ ou Redis, mais ils permettent d'exécuter des tâches d'arrière-plan dans différents process, et potentiellement, sur plusieurs serveurs. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/body.md b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/body.md index c0953f49f..89720c973 100644 --- a/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/body.md +++ b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/body.md @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ Et vous obtenez aussi de la vérification d'erreur pour les opérations incorrec -Ce n'est pas un hasard, ce framework entier a été bati avec ce design comme objectif. +Ce n'est pas un hasard, ce framework entier a été bâti avec ce design comme objectif. Et cela a été rigoureusement testé durant la phase de design, avant toute implémentation, pour s'assurer que cela fonctionnerait avec tous les éditeurs. @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Mais vous auriez le même support de l'éditeur avec !!! tip "Astuce" - Si vous utilisez PyCharm comme éditeur, vous pouvez utiliser le Plugin PyCharm. + Si vous utilisez PyCharm comme éditeur, vous pouvez utiliser le Plugin Pydantic PyCharm Plugin. Ce qui améliore le support pour les modèles Pydantic avec : @@ -162,4 +162,4 @@ Les paramètres de la fonction seront reconnus comme tel : ## Sans Pydantic -Si vous ne voulez pas utiliser des modèles Pydantic, vous pouvez aussi utiliser des paramètres de **Corps**. Pour cela, allez voir la partie de la documentation sur [Corps de la requête - Paramètres multiples](body-multiple-params.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. \ No newline at end of file +Si vous ne voulez pas utiliser des modèles Pydantic, vous pouvez aussi utiliser des paramètres de **Corps**. Pour cela, allez voir la partie de la documentation sur [Corps de la requête - Paramètres multiples](body-multiple-params.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/debugging.md b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/debugging.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e58872d30 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/debugging.md @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +# Débogage + +Vous pouvez connecter le débogueur dans votre éditeur, par exemple avec Visual Studio Code ou PyCharm. + +## Faites appel à `uvicorn` + +Dans votre application FastAPI, importez et exécutez directement `uvicorn` : + +```Python hl_lines="1 15" +{!../../../docs_src/debugging/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### À propos de `__name__ == "__main__"` + +Le but principal de `__name__ == "__main__"` est d'avoir du code qui est exécuté lorsque votre fichier est appelé avec : + +
+ +```console +$ python myapp.py +``` + +
+ +mais qui n'est pas appelé lorsqu'un autre fichier l'importe, comme dans : + +```Python +from myapp import app +``` + +#### Pour davantage de détails + +Imaginons que votre fichier s'appelle `myapp.py`. + +Si vous l'exécutez avec : + +
+ +```console +$ python myapp.py +``` + +
+ +alors la variable interne `__name__` de votre fichier, créée automatiquement par Python, aura pour valeur la chaîne de caractères `"__main__"`. + +Ainsi, la section : + +```Python + uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000) +``` + +va s'exécuter. + +--- + +Cela ne se produira pas si vous importez ce module (fichier). + +Par exemple, si vous avez un autre fichier `importer.py` qui contient : + +```Python +from myapp import app + +# Code supplémentaire +``` + +dans ce cas, la variable automatique `__name__` à l'intérieur de `myapp.py` n'aura pas la valeur `"__main__"`. + +Ainsi, la ligne : + +```Python + uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000) +``` + +ne sera pas exécutée. + +!!! info +Pour plus d'informations, consultez la documentation officielle de Python. + +## Exécutez votre code avec votre débogueur + +Parce que vous exécutez le serveur Uvicorn directement depuis votre code, vous pouvez appeler votre programme Python (votre application FastAPI) directement depuis le débogueur. + +--- + +Par exemple, dans Visual Studio Code, vous pouvez : + +- Cliquer sur l'onglet "Debug" de la barre d'activités de Visual Studio Code. +- "Add configuration...". +- Sélectionnez "Python". +- Lancez le débogueur avec l'option "`Python: Current File (Integrated Terminal)`". + +Il démarrera alors le serveur avec votre code **FastAPI**, s'arrêtera à vos points d'arrêt, etc. + +Voici à quoi cela pourrait ressembler : + + + +--- + +Si vous utilisez Pycharm, vous pouvez : + +- Ouvrir le menu "Run". +- Sélectionnez l'option "Debug...". +- Un menu contextuel s'affiche alors. +- Sélectionnez le fichier à déboguer (dans ce cas, `main.py`). + +Il démarrera alors le serveur avec votre code **FastAPI**, s'arrêtera à vos points d'arrêt, etc. + +Voici à quoi cela pourrait ressembler : + + diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e98283f1e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md @@ -0,0 +1,334 @@ +# Démarrage + +Le fichier **FastAPI** le plus simple possible pourrait ressembler à cela : + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Copiez ce code dans un fichier nommé `main.py`. + +Démarrez le serveur : + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +!!! note + La commande `uvicorn main:app` fait référence à : + + * `main` : le fichier `main.py` (le module Python). + * `app` : l'objet créé dans `main.py` via la ligne `app = FastAPI()`. + * `--reload` : l'option disant à uvicorn de redémarrer le serveur à chaque changement du code. À ne pas utiliser en production ! + +Vous devriez voir dans la console, une ligne semblable à la suivante : + +```hl_lines="4" +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +Cette ligne montre l'URL par laquelle l'app est actuellement accessible, sur votre machine locale. + +### Allez voir le résultat + +Ouvrez votre navigateur à l'adresse http://127.0.0.1:8000. + +Vous obtiendrez cette réponse JSON : + +```JSON +{"message": "Hello World"} +``` + +### Documentation interactive de l'API + +Rendez-vous sur http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +Vous verrez la documentation interactive de l'API générée automatiquement (via Swagger UI) : + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +### Documentation alternative + +Ensuite, rendez-vous sur http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. + +Vous y verrez la documentation alternative (via ReDoc) : + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +### OpenAPI + +**FastAPI** génère un "schéma" contenant toute votre API dans le standard de définition d'API **OpenAPI**. + +#### "Schéma" + +Un "schéma" est une définition ou une description de quelque chose. Pas le code qui l'implémente, uniquement une description abstraite. + +#### "Schéma" d'API + +Ici, OpenAPI est une spécification qui dicte comment définir le schéma de votre API. + +Le schéma inclut les chemins de votre API, les paramètres potentiels de chaque chemin, etc. + +#### "Schéma" de données + +Le terme "schéma" peut aussi faire référence à la forme de la donnée, comme un contenu JSON. + +Dans ce cas, cela signifierait les attributs JSON, ainsi que les types de ces attributs, etc. + +#### OpenAPI et JSON Schema + +**OpenAPI** définit un schéma d'API pour votre API. Il inclut des définitions (ou "schémas") de la donnée envoyée et reçue par votre API en utilisant **JSON Schema**, le standard des schémas de données JSON. + +#### Allez voir `openapi.json` + +Si vous êtes curieux d'à quoi ressemble le schéma brut **OpenAPI**, **FastAPI** génère automatiquement un (schéma) JSON avec les descriptions de toute votre API. + +Vous pouvez le voir directement à cette adresse : http://127.0.0.1:8000/openapi.json. + +Le schéma devrait ressembler à ceci : + + +```JSON +{ + "openapi": "3.0.2", + "info": { + "title": "FastAPI", + "version": "0.1.0" + }, + "paths": { + "/items/": { + "get": { + "responses": { + "200": { + "description": "Successful Response", + "content": { + "application/json": { + + + +... +``` + +#### À quoi sert OpenAPI + +Le schéma **OpenAPI** est ce qui alimente les deux systèmes de documentation interactive. + +Et il existe des dizaines d'alternatives, toutes basées sur **OpenAPI**. Vous pourriez facilement ajouter n'importe laquelle de ces alternatives à votre application **FastAPI**. + +Vous pourriez aussi l'utiliser pour générer du code automatiquement, pour les clients qui communiquent avec votre API. Comme par exemple, des applications frontend, mobiles ou IOT. + +## Récapitulatif, étape par étape + +### Étape 1 : import `FastAPI` + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`FastAPI` est une classe Python qui fournit toutes les fonctionnalités nécessaires au lancement de votre API. + +!!! note "Détails techniques" + `FastAPI` est une classe héritant directement de `Starlette`. + + Vous pouvez donc aussi utiliser toutes les fonctionnalités de Starlette depuis `FastAPI`. + +### Étape 2 : créer une "instance" `FastAPI` + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Ici la variable `app` sera une "instance" de la classe `FastAPI`. + +Ce sera le point principal d'interaction pour créer toute votre API. + +Cette `app` est la même que celle à laquelle fait référence `uvicorn` dans la commande : + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +Si vous créez votre app avec : + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +Et la mettez dans un fichier `main.py`, alors vous appelleriez `uvicorn` avec : + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:my_awesome_api --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +### Étape 3: créer une *opération de chemin* + +#### Chemin + +Chemin, ou "path" fait référence ici à la dernière partie de l'URL démarrant au premier `/`. + +Donc, dans un URL tel que : + +``` +https://example.com/items/foo +``` + +...le "path" serait : + +``` +/items/foo +``` + +!!! info + Un chemin, ou "path" est aussi souvent appelé route ou "endpoint". + + +#### Opération + +"Opération" fait référence à une des "méthodes" HTTP. + +Une de : + +* `POST` +* `GET` +* `PUT` +* `DELETE` + +...ou une des plus exotiques : + +* `OPTIONS` +* `HEAD` +* `PATCH` +* `TRACE` + +Dans le protocol HTTP, vous pouvez communiquer avec chaque chemin en utilisant une (ou plus) de ces "méthodes". + +--- + +En construisant des APIs, vous utilisez généralement ces méthodes HTTP spécifiques pour effectuer une action précise. + +Généralement vous utilisez : + +* `POST` : pour créer de la donnée. +* `GET` : pour lire de la donnée. +* `PUT` : pour mettre à jour de la donnée. +* `DELETE` : pour supprimer de la donnée. + +Donc, dans **OpenAPI**, chaque méthode HTTP est appelée une "opération". + +Nous allons donc aussi appeler ces dernières des "**opérations**". + + +#### Définir un *décorateur d'opération de chemin* + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Le `@app.get("/")` dit à **FastAPI** que la fonction en dessous est chargée de gérer les requêtes qui vont sur : + +* le chemin `/` +* en utilisant une opération get + +!!! info "`@décorateur` Info" + Cette syntaxe `@something` en Python est appelée un "décorateur". + + Vous la mettez au dessus d'une fonction. Comme un joli chapeau décoratif (j'imagine que ce terme vient de là 🤷🏻‍♂). + + Un "décorateur" prend la fonction en dessous et en fait quelque chose. + + Dans notre cas, ce décorateur dit à **FastAPI** que la fonction en dessous correspond au **chemin** `/` avec l'**opération** `get`. + + C'est le "**décorateur d'opération de chemin**". + +Vous pouvez aussi utiliser les autres opérations : + +* `@app.post()` +* `@app.put()` +* `@app.delete()` + +Tout comme celles les plus exotiques : + +* `@app.options()` +* `@app.head()` +* `@app.patch()` +* `@app.trace()` + +!!! tip "Astuce" + Vous êtes libres d'utiliser chaque opération (méthode HTTP) comme vous le désirez. + + **FastAPI** n'impose pas de sens spécifique à chacune d'elle. + + Les informations qui sont présentées ici forment une directive générale, pas des obligations. + + Par exemple, quand l'on utilise **GraphQL**, toutes les actions sont effectuées en utilisant uniquement des opérations `POST`. + +### Étape 4 : définir la **fonction de chemin**. + +Voici notre "**fonction de chemin**" (ou fonction d'opération de chemin) : + +* **chemin** : `/`. +* **opération** : `get`. +* **fonction** : la fonction sous le "décorateur" (sous `@app.get("/")`). + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +C'est une fonction Python. + +Elle sera appelée par **FastAPI** quand une requête sur l'URL `/` sera reçue via une opération `GET`. + +Ici, c'est une fonction asynchrone (définie avec `async def`). + +--- + +Vous pourriez aussi la définir comme une fonction classique plutôt qu'avec `async def` : + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +!!! note + Si vous ne connaissez pas la différence, allez voir la section [Concurrence : *"Vous êtes pressés ?"*](../async.md#vous-etes-presses){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +### Étape 5 : retourner le contenu + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Vous pouvez retourner un dictionnaire (`dict`), une liste (`list`), des valeurs seules comme des chaines de caractères (`str`) et des entiers (`int`), etc. + +Vous pouvez aussi retourner des models **Pydantic** (qui seront détaillés plus tard). + +Il y a de nombreux autres objets et modèles qui seront automatiquement convertis en JSON. Essayez d'utiliser vos favoris, il est fort probable qu'ils soient déjà supportés. + +## Récapitulatif + +* Importez `FastAPI`. +* Créez une instance d'`app`. +* Ajoutez une **décorateur d'opération de chemin** (tel que `@app.get("/")`). +* Ajoutez une **fonction de chemin** (telle que `def root(): ...` comme ci-dessus). +* Lancez le serveur de développement (avec `uvicorn main:app --reload`). diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4dc202b33 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +# Tutoriel - Guide utilisateur - Introduction + +Ce tutoriel vous montre comment utiliser **FastAPI** avec la plupart de ses fonctionnalités, étape par étape. + +Chaque section s'appuie progressivement sur les précédentes, mais elle est structurée de manière à séparer les sujets, afin que vous puissiez aller directement à l'un d'entre eux pour résoudre vos besoins spécifiques en matière d'API. + +Il est également conçu pour fonctionner comme une référence future. + +Vous pouvez donc revenir et voir exactement ce dont vous avez besoin. + +## Exécuter le code + +Tous les blocs de code peuvent être copiés et utilisés directement (il s'agit en fait de fichiers Python testés). + +Pour exécuter l'un de ces exemples, copiez le code dans un fichier `main.py`, et commencez `uvicorn` avec : + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +Il est **FORTEMENT encouragé** que vous écriviez ou copiez le code, l'éditiez et l'exécutiez localement. + +L'utiliser dans votre éditeur est ce qui vous montre vraiment les avantages de FastAPI, en voyant le peu de code que vous avez à écrire, toutes les vérifications de type, l'autocomplétion, etc. + +--- + +## Installer FastAPI + +La première étape consiste à installer FastAPI. + +Pour le tutoriel, vous voudrez peut-être l'installer avec toutes les dépendances et fonctionnalités optionnelles : + +
+ +```console +$ pip install fastapi[all] + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +... qui comprend également `uvicorn`, que vous pouvez utiliser comme serveur pour exécuter votre code. + +!!! note + Vous pouvez également l'installer pièce par pièce. + + C'est ce que vous feriez probablement une fois que vous voudrez déployer votre application en production : + + ``` + pip install fastapi + ``` + + Installez également `uvicorn` pour qu'il fonctionne comme serveur : + + ``` + pip install uvicorn + ``` + + Et la même chose pour chacune des dépendances facultatives que vous voulez utiliser. + +## Guide utilisateur avancé + +Il existe également un **Guide d'utilisation avancé** que vous pouvez lire plus tard après ce **Tutoriel - Guide d'utilisation**. + +Le **Guide d'utilisation avancé**, qui s'appuie sur cette base, utilise les mêmes concepts et vous apprend quelques fonctionnalités supplémentaires. + +Mais vous devez d'abord lire le **Tutoriel - Guide d'utilisation** (ce que vous êtes en train de lire en ce moment). + +Il est conçu pour que vous puissiez construire une application complète avec seulement le **Tutoriel - Guide d'utilisation**, puis l'étendre de différentes manières, en fonction de vos besoins, en utilisant certaines des idées supplémentaires du **Guide d'utilisation avancé**. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/path-params.md b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/path-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..894d62dd4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/path-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,254 @@ +# Paramètres de chemin + +Vous pouvez déclarer des "paramètres" ou "variables" de chemin avec la même syntaxe que celle utilisée par le +formatage de chaîne Python : + + +```Python hl_lines="6-7" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +La valeur du paramètre `item_id` sera transmise à la fonction dans l'argument `item_id`. + +Donc, si vous exécutez cet exemple et allez sur http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo, +vous verrez comme réponse : + +```JSON +{"item_id":"foo"} +``` + +## Paramètres de chemin typés + +Vous pouvez déclarer le type d'un paramètre de chemin dans la fonction, en utilisant les annotations de type Python : + + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +Ici, `item_id` est déclaré comme `int`. + +!!! hint "Astuce" + Ceci vous permettra d'obtenir des fonctionnalités de l'éditeur dans votre fonction, telles + que des vérifications d'erreur, de l'auto-complétion, etc. + +## Conversion de données + +Si vous exécutez cet exemple et allez sur http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/3, vous aurez comme réponse : + +```JSON +{"item_id":3} +``` + +!!! hint "Astuce" + Comme vous l'avez remarqué, la valeur reçue par la fonction (et renvoyée ensuite) est `3`, + en tant qu'entier (`int`) Python, pas la chaîne de caractères (`string`) `"3"`. + + Grâce aux déclarations de types, **FastAPI** fournit du + "parsing" automatique. + +## Validation de données + +Si vous allez sur http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo, vous aurez une belle erreur HTTP : + +```JSON +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "path", + "item_id" + ], + "msg": "value is not a valid integer", + "type": "type_error.integer" + } + ] +} +``` + +car le paramètre de chemin `item_id` possède comme valeur `"foo"`, qui ne peut pas être convertie en entier (`int`). + +La même erreur se produira si vous passez un nombre flottant (`float`) et non un entier, comme ici +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/4.2. + + +!!! hint "Astuce" + Donc, avec ces mêmes déclarations de type Python, **FastAPI** vous fournit de la validation de données. + + Notez que l'erreur mentionne le point exact où la validation n'a pas réussi. + + Ce qui est incroyablement utile au moment de développer et débugger du code qui interagit avec votre API. + +## Documentation + +Et quand vous vous rendez sur http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs, vous verrez la +documentation générée automatiquement et interactive : + + + +!!! info + À nouveau, en utilisant uniquement les déclarations de type Python, **FastAPI** vous fournit automatiquement une documentation interactive (via Swagger UI). + + On voit bien dans la documentation que `item_id` est déclaré comme entier. + +## Les avantages d'avoir une documentation basée sur une norme, et la documentation alternative. + +Le schéma généré suivant la norme OpenAPI, +il existe de nombreux outils compatibles. + +Grâce à cela, **FastAPI** lui-même fournit une documentation alternative (utilisant ReDoc), qui peut être lue +sur http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc : + + + +De la même façon, il existe bien d'autres outils compatibles, y compris des outils de génération de code +pour de nombreux langages. + +## Pydantic + +Toute la validation de données est effectué en arrière-plan avec Pydantic, +dont vous bénéficierez de tous les avantages. Vous savez donc que vous êtes entre de bonnes mains. + +## L'ordre importe + +Quand vous créez des *fonctions de chemins*, vous pouvez vous retrouver dans une situation où vous avez un chemin fixe. + +Tel que `/users/me`, disons pour récupérer les données sur l'utilisateur actuel. + +Et vous avez un second chemin : `/users/{user_id}` pour récupérer de la donnée sur un utilisateur spécifique grâce à son identifiant d'utilisateur + +Les *fonctions de chemin* étant évaluées dans l'ordre, il faut s'assurer que la fonction correspondant à `/users/me` est déclarée avant celle de `/users/{user_id}` : + +```Python hl_lines="6 11" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +Sinon, le chemin `/users/{user_id}` correspondrait aussi à `/users/me`, la fonction "croyant" qu'elle a reçu un paramètre `user_id` avec pour valeur `"me"`. + +## Valeurs prédéfinies + +Si vous avez une *fonction de chemin* qui reçoit un *paramètre de chemin*, mais que vous voulez que les valeurs possibles des paramètres soient prédéfinies, vous pouvez utiliser les `Enum` de Python. + +### Création d'un `Enum` + +Importez `Enum` et créez une sous-classe qui hérite de `str` et `Enum`. + +En héritant de `str` la documentation sera capable de savoir que les valeurs doivent être de type `string` et pourra donc afficher cette `Enum` correctement. + +Créez ensuite des attributs de classe avec des valeurs fixes, qui seront les valeurs autorisées pour cette énumération. + +```Python hl_lines="1 6-9" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +!!! info + Les énumérations (ou enums) sont disponibles en Python depuis la version 3.4. + +!!! tip "Astuce" + Pour ceux qui se demandent, "AlexNet", "ResNet", et "LeNet" sont juste des noms de modèles de Machine Learning. + +### Déclarer un paramètre de chemin + +Créez ensuite un *paramètre de chemin* avec une annotation de type désignant l'énumération créée précédemment (`ModelName`) : + +```Python hl_lines="16" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +### Documentation + +Les valeurs disponibles pour le *paramètre de chemin* sont bien prédéfinies, la documentation les affiche correctement : + + + +### Manipuler les *énumérations* Python + +La valeur du *paramètre de chemin* sera un des "membres" de l'énumération. + +#### Comparer les *membres d'énumération* + +Vous pouvez comparer ce paramètre avec les membres de votre énumération `ModelName` : + +```Python hl_lines="17" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +#### Récupérer la *valeur de l'énumération* + +Vous pouvez obtenir la valeur réel d'un membre (une chaîne de caractères ici), avec `model_name.value`, ou en général, `votre_membre_d'enum.value` : + +```Python hl_lines="20" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "Astuce" + Vous pouvez aussi accéder la valeur `"lenet"` avec `ModelName.lenet.value`. + +#### Retourner des *membres d'énumération* + +Vous pouvez retourner des *membres d'énumération* dans vos *fonctions de chemin*, même imbriquée dans un JSON (e.g. un `dict`). + +Ils seront convertis vers leurs valeurs correspondantes (chaînes de caractères ici) avant d'être transmis au client : + +```Python hl_lines="18 21 23" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +Le client recevra une réponse JSON comme celle-ci : + +```JSON +{ + "model_name": "alexnet", + "message": "Deep Learning FTW!" +} +``` + +## Paramètres de chemin contenant des chemins + +Disons que vous avez une *fonction de chemin* liée au chemin `/files/{file_path}`. + +Mais que `file_path` lui-même doit contenir un *chemin*, comme `home/johndoe/myfile.txt` par exemple. + +Donc, l'URL pour ce fichier pourrait être : `/files/home/johndoe/myfile.txt`. + +### Support d'OpenAPI + +OpenAPI ne supporte pas de manière de déclarer un paramètre de chemin contenant un *chemin*, cela pouvant causer des scénarios difficiles à tester et définir. + +Néanmoins, cela reste faisable dans **FastAPI**, via les outils internes de Starlette. + +Et la documentation fonctionne quand même, bien qu'aucune section ne soit ajoutée pour dire que la paramètre devrait contenir un *chemin*. + +### Convertisseur de *chemin* + +En utilisant une option de Starlette directement, vous pouvez déclarer un *paramètre de chemin* contenant un *chemin* avec une URL comme : + +``` +/files/{file_path:path} +``` + +Dans ce cas, le nom du paramètre est `file_path`, et la dernière partie, `:path`, indique à Starlette que le paramètre devrait correspondre à un *chemin*. + +Vous pouvez donc l'utilisez comme tel : + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "Astuce" + Vous pourriez avoir besoin que le paramètre contienne `/home/johndoe/myfile.txt`, avec un slash au début (`/`). + + Dans ce cas, l'URL serait : `/files//home/johndoe/myfile.txt`, avec un double slash (`//`) entre `files` et `home`. + +## Récapitulatif + +Avec **FastAPI**, en utilisant les déclarations de type rapides, intuitives et standards de Python, vous bénéficiez de : + +* Support de l'éditeur : vérification d'erreurs, auto-complétion, etc. +* "Parsing" de données. +* Validation de données. +* Annotations d'API et documentation automatique. + +Et vous n'avez besoin de le déclarer qu'une fois. + +C'est probablement l'avantage visible principal de **FastAPI** comparé aux autres *frameworks* (outre les performances pures). diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f5248fe8b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md @@ -0,0 +1,305 @@ +# Paramètres de requête et validations de chaînes de caractères + +**FastAPI** vous permet de déclarer des informations et des validateurs additionnels pour vos paramètres de requêtes. + +Commençons avec cette application pour exemple : + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Le paramètre de requête `q` a pour type `Union[str, None]` (ou `str | None` en Python 3.10), signifiant qu'il est de type `str` mais pourrait aussi être égal à `None`, et bien sûr, la valeur par défaut est `None`, donc **FastAPI** saura qu'il n'est pas requis. + +!!! note + **FastAPI** saura que la valeur de `q` n'est pas requise grâce à la valeur par défaut `= None`. + + Le `Union` dans `Union[str, None]` permettra à votre éditeur de vous offrir un meilleur support et de détecter les erreurs. + +## Validation additionnelle + +Nous allons imposer que bien que `q` soit un paramètre optionnel, dès qu'il est fourni, **sa longueur n'excède pas 50 caractères**. + +## Importer `Query` + +Pour cela, importez d'abord `Query` depuis `fastapi` : + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## Utiliser `Query` comme valeur par défaut + +Construisez ensuite la valeur par défaut de votre paramètre avec `Query`, en choisissant 50 comme `max_length` : + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +Comme nous devons remplacer la valeur par défaut `None` dans la fonction par `Query()`, nous pouvons maintenant définir la valeur par défaut avec le paramètre `Query(default=None)`, il sert le même objectif qui est de définir cette valeur par défaut. + +Donc : + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None) +``` + +... rend le paramètre optionnel, et est donc équivalent à : + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = None +``` + +Mais déclare explicitement `q` comme étant un paramètre de requête. + +!!! info + Gardez à l'esprit que la partie la plus importante pour rendre un paramètre optionnel est : + + ```Python + = None + ``` + + ou : + + ```Python + = Query(None) + ``` + + et utilisera ce `None` pour détecter que ce paramètre de requête **n'est pas requis**. + + Le `Union[str, None]` est uniquement là pour permettre à votre éditeur un meilleur support. + +Ensuite, nous pouvons passer d'autres paramètres à `Query`. Dans cet exemple, le paramètre `max_length` qui s'applique aux chaînes de caractères : + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, max_length=50) +``` + +Cela va valider les données, montrer une erreur claire si ces dernières ne sont pas valides, et documenter le paramètre dans le schéma `OpenAPI` de cette *path operation*. + +## Rajouter plus de validation + +Vous pouvez aussi rajouter un second paramètre `min_length` : + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +## Ajouter des validations par expressions régulières + +On peut définir une expression régulière à laquelle le paramètre doit correspondre : + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +Cette expression régulière vérifie que la valeur passée comme paramètre : + +* `^` : commence avec les caractères qui suivent, avec aucun caractère avant ceux-là. +* `fixedquery` : a pour valeur exacte `fixedquery`. +* `$` : se termine directement ensuite, n'a pas d'autres caractères après `fixedquery`. + +Si vous vous sentez perdu avec le concept d'**expression régulière**, pas d'inquiétudes. Il s'agit d'une notion difficile pour beaucoup, et l'on peut déjà réussir à faire beaucoup sans jamais avoir à les manipuler. + +Mais si vous décidez d'apprendre à les utiliser, sachez qu'ensuite vous pouvez les utiliser directement dans **FastAPI**. + +## Valeurs par défaut + +De la même façon que vous pouvez passer `None` comme premier argument pour l'utiliser comme valeur par défaut, vous pouvez passer d'autres valeurs. + +Disons que vous déclarez le paramètre `q` comme ayant une longueur minimale de `3`, et une valeur par défaut étant `"fixedquery"` : + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +!!! note "Rappel" + Avoir une valeur par défaut rend le paramètre optionnel. + +## Rendre ce paramètre requis + +Quand on ne déclare ni validation, ni métadonnée, on peut rendre le paramètre `q` requis en ne lui déclarant juste aucune valeur par défaut : + +```Python +q: str +``` + +à la place de : + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = None +``` + +Mais maintenant, on déclare `q` avec `Query`, comme ceci : + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, min_length=3) +``` + +Donc pour déclarer une valeur comme requise tout en utilisant `Query`, il faut utiliser `...` comme premier argument : + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +!!! info + Si vous n'avez jamais vu ce `...` auparavant : c'est une des constantes natives de Python appelée "Ellipsis". + +Cela indiquera à **FastAPI** que la présence de ce paramètre est obligatoire. + +## Liste de paramètres / valeurs multiples via Query + +Quand on définit un paramètre de requête explicitement avec `Query` on peut aussi déclarer qu'il reçoit une liste de valeur, ou des "valeurs multiples". + +Par exemple, pour déclarer un paramètre de requête `q` qui peut apparaître plusieurs fois dans une URL, on écrit : + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011.py!} +``` + +Ce qui fait qu'avec une URL comme : + +``` +http://localhost:8000/items/?q=foo&q=bar +``` + +vous recevriez les valeurs des multiples paramètres de requête `q` (`foo` et `bar`) dans une `list` Python au sein de votre fonction de **path operation**, dans le paramètre de fonction `q`. + +Donc la réponse de cette URL serait : + +```JSON +{ + "q": [ + "foo", + "bar" + ] +} +``` + +!!! tip "Astuce" + Pour déclarer un paramètre de requête de type `list`, comme dans l'exemple ci-dessus, il faut explicitement utiliser `Query`, sinon cela sera interprété comme faisant partie du corps de la requête. + +La documentation sera donc mise à jour automatiquement pour autoriser plusieurs valeurs : + + + +### Combiner liste de paramètres et valeurs par défaut + +Et l'on peut aussi définir une liste de valeurs par défaut si aucune n'est fournie : + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012.py!} +``` + +Si vous allez à : + +``` +http://localhost:8000/items/ +``` + +la valeur par défaut de `q` sera : `["foo", "bar"]` + +et la réponse sera : + +```JSON +{ + "q": [ + "foo", + "bar" + ] +} +``` + +#### Utiliser `list` + +Il est aussi possible d'utiliser directement `list` plutôt que `List[str]` : + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013.py!} +``` + +!!! note + Dans ce cas-là, **FastAPI** ne vérifiera pas le contenu de la liste. + + Par exemple, `List[int]` vérifiera (et documentera) que la liste est bien entièrement composée d'entiers. Alors qu'un simple `list` ne ferait pas cette vérification. + +## Déclarer des métadonnées supplémentaires + +On peut aussi ajouter plus d'informations sur le paramètre. + +Ces informations seront incluses dans le schéma `OpenAPI` généré et utilisées par la documentation interactive ou les outils externes utilisés. + +!!! note + Gardez en tête que les outils externes utilisés ne supportent pas forcément tous parfaitement OpenAPI. + + Il se peut donc que certains d'entre eux n'utilisent pas toutes les métadonnées que vous avez déclarées pour le moment, bien que dans la plupart des cas, les fonctionnalités manquantes ont prévu d'être implémentées. + +Vous pouvez ajouter un `title` : + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +Et une `description` : + +```Python hl_lines="13" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008.py!} +``` + +## Alias de paramètres + +Imaginez que vous vouliez que votre paramètre se nomme `item-query`. + +Comme dans la requête : + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?item-query=foobaritems +``` + +Mais `item-query` n'est pas un nom de variable valide en Python. + +Le nom le plus proche serait `item_query`. + +Mais vous avez vraiment envie que ce soit exactement `item-query`... + +Pour cela vous pouvez déclarer un `alias`, et cet alias est ce qui sera utilisé pour trouver la valeur du paramètre : + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009.py!} +``` + +## Déprécier des paramètres + +Disons que vous ne vouliez plus utiliser ce paramètre désormais. + +Il faut qu'il continue à exister pendant un certain temps car vos clients l'utilisent, mais vous voulez que la documentation mentionne clairement que ce paramètre est déprécié. + +On utilise alors l'argument `deprecated=True` de `Query` : + +```Python hl_lines="18" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010.py!} +``` + +La documentation le présentera comme il suit : + + + +## Pour résumer + +Il est possible d'ajouter des validateurs et métadonnées pour vos paramètres. + +Validateurs et métadonnées génériques: + +* `alias` +* `title` +* `description` +* `deprecated` + +Validateurs spécifiques aux chaînes de caractères : + +* `min_length` +* `max_length` +* `regex` + +Parmi ces exemples, vous avez pu voir comment déclarer des validateurs pour les chaînes de caractères. + +Dans les prochains chapitres, vous verrez comment déclarer des validateurs pour d'autres types, comme les nombres. diff --git a/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/query-params.md b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/query-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..962135f63 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/fr/docs/tutorial/query-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,198 @@ +# Paramètres de requête + +Quand vous déclarez des paramètres dans votre fonction de chemin qui ne font pas partie des paramètres indiqués dans le chemin associé, ces paramètres sont automatiquement considérés comme des paramètres de "requête". + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +La partie appelée requête (ou **query**) dans une URL est l'ensemble des paires clés-valeurs placées après le `?` , séparées par des `&`. + +Par exemple, dans l'URL : + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10 +``` + +...les paramètres de requête sont : + +* `skip` : avec une valeur de`0` +* `limit` : avec une valeur de `10` + +Faisant partie de l'URL, ces valeurs sont des chaînes de caractères (`str`). + +Mais quand on les déclare avec des types Python (dans l'exemple précédent, en tant qu'`int`), elles sont converties dans les types renseignés. + +Toutes les fonctionnalités qui s'appliquent aux paramètres de chemin s'appliquent aussi aux paramètres de requête : + +* Support de l'éditeur : vérification d'erreurs, auto-complétion, etc. +* "Parsing" de données. +* Validation de données. +* Annotations d'API et documentation automatique. + +## Valeurs par défaut + +Les paramètres de requête ne sont pas une partie fixe d'un chemin, ils peuvent être optionnels et avoir des valeurs par défaut. + +Dans l'exemple ci-dessus, ils ont des valeurs par défaut qui sont `skip=0` et `limit=10`. + +Donc, accéder à l'URL : + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/ +``` + +serait équivalent à accéder à l'URL : + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10 +``` + +Mais si vous accédez à, par exemple : + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=20 +``` + +Les valeurs des paramètres de votre fonction seront : + +* `skip=20` : car c'est la valeur déclarée dans l'URL. +* `limit=10` : car `limit` n'a pas été déclaré dans l'URL, et que la valeur par défaut était `10`. + +## Paramètres optionnels + +De la même façon, vous pouvez définir des paramètres de requête comme optionnels, en leur donnant comme valeur par défaut `None` : + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +Ici, le paramètre `q` sera optionnel, et aura `None` comme valeur par défaut. + +!!! check "Remarque" + On peut voir que **FastAPI** est capable de détecter que le paramètre de chemin `item_id` est un paramètre de chemin et que `q` n'en est pas un, c'est donc un paramètre de requête. + +!!! note + **FastAPI** saura que `q` est optionnel grâce au `=None`. + + Le `Optional` dans `Optional[str]` n'est pas utilisé par **FastAPI** (**FastAPI** n'en utilisera que la partie `str`), mais il servira tout de même à votre éditeur de texte pour détecter des erreurs dans votre code. + + +## Conversion des types des paramètres de requête + +Vous pouvez aussi déclarer des paramètres de requête comme booléens (`bool`), **FastAPI** les convertira : + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +Avec ce code, en allant sur : + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=1 +``` + +ou + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=True +``` + +ou + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=true +``` + +ou + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=on +``` + +ou + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=yes +``` + +ou n'importe quelle autre variation de casse (tout en majuscules, uniquement la première lettre en majuscule, etc.), votre fonction considérera le paramètre `short` comme ayant une valeur booléenne à `True`. Sinon la valeur sera à `False`. + +## Multiples paramètres de chemin et de requête + +Vous pouvez déclarer plusieurs paramètres de chemin et paramètres de requête dans la même fonction, **FastAPI** saura comment les gérer. + +Et vous n'avez pas besoin de les déclarer dans un ordre spécifique. + +Ils seront détectés par leurs noms : + +```Python hl_lines="8 10" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +## Paramètres de requête requis + +Quand vous déclarez une valeur par défaut pour un paramètre qui n'est pas un paramètre de chemin (actuellement, nous n'avons vu que les paramètres de requête), alors ce paramètre n'est pas requis. + +Si vous ne voulez pas leur donner de valeur par défaut mais juste les rendre optionnels, utilisez `None` comme valeur par défaut. + +Mais si vous voulez rendre un paramètre de requête obligatoire, vous pouvez juste ne pas y affecter de valeur par défaut : + +```Python hl_lines="6-7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +Ici le paramètre `needy` est un paramètre requis (ou obligatoire) de type `str`. + +Si vous ouvrez une URL comme : + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item +``` + +...sans ajouter le paramètre requis `needy`, vous aurez une erreur : + +```JSON +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "query", + "needy" + ], + "msg": "field required", + "type": "value_error.missing" + } + ] +} +``` + +La présence de `needy` étant nécessaire, vous auriez besoin de l'insérer dans l'URL : + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item?needy=sooooneedy +``` + +...ce qui fonctionnerait : + +```JSON +{ + "item_id": "foo-item", + "needy": "sooooneedy" +} +``` + +Et bien sur, vous pouvez définir certains paramètres comme requis, certains avec des valeurs par défaut et certains entièrement optionnels : + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +Ici, on a donc 3 paramètres de requête : + +* `needy`, requis et de type `str`. +* `skip`, un `int` avec comme valeur par défaut `0`. +* `limit`, un `int` optionnel. + +!!! tip "Astuce" + Vous pouvez utiliser les `Enum`s de la même façon qu'avec les [Paramètres de chemin](path-params.md#valeurs-predefinies){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/fr/mkdocs.yml b/docs/fr/mkdocs.yml index 940e4ff69..de18856f4 100644 --- a/docs/fr/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/fr/mkdocs.yml @@ -1,140 +1 @@ -site_name: FastAPI -site_description: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production -site_url: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/fr/ -theme: - name: material - custom_dir: overrides - palette: - - scheme: default - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb - name: Switch to light mode - - scheme: slate - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb-outline - name: Switch to dark mode - features: - - search.suggest - - search.highlight - - content.tabs.link - icon: - repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - logo: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/icon-white.svg - favicon: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png - language: fr -repo_name: tiangolo/fastapi -repo_url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi -edit_uri: '' -google_analytics: -- UA-133183413-1 -- auto -plugins: -- search -- markdownextradata: - data: data -nav: -- FastAPI: index.md -- Languages: - - en: / - - az: /az/ - - de: /de/ - - es: /es/ - - fr: /fr/ - - id: /id/ - - it: /it/ - - ja: /ja/ - - ko: /ko/ - - pl: /pl/ - - pt: /pt/ - - ru: /ru/ - - sq: /sq/ - - tr: /tr/ - - uk: /uk/ - - zh: /zh/ -- features.md -- fastapi-people.md -- python-types.md -- Tutoriel - Guide utilisateur: - - tutorial/body.md - - tutorial/background-tasks.md -- async.md -- Déploiement: - - deployment/docker.md -- project-generation.md -- alternatives.md -- external-links.md -markdown_extensions: -- toc: - permalink: true -- markdown.extensions.codehilite: - guess_lang: false -- mdx_include: - base_path: docs -- admonition -- codehilite -- extra -- pymdownx.superfences: - custom_fences: - - name: mermaid - class: mermaid - format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' -- pymdownx.tabbed -extra: - social: - - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/discord - link: https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf - - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter - link: https://twitter.com/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin - link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/dev - link: https://dev.to/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/medium - link: https://medium.com/@tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/solid/globe - link: https://tiangolo.com - alternate: - - link: / - name: en - English - - link: /az/ - name: az - - link: /de/ - name: de - - link: /es/ - name: es - español - - link: /fr/ - name: fr - français - - link: /id/ - name: id - - link: /it/ - name: it - italiano - - link: /ja/ - name: ja - 日本語 - - link: /ko/ - name: ko - 한국어 - - link: /pl/ - name: pl - - link: /pt/ - name: pt - português - - link: /ru/ - name: ru - русский язык - - link: /sq/ - name: sq - shqip - - link: /tr/ - name: tr - Türkçe - - link: /uk/ - name: uk - українська мова - - link: /zh/ - name: zh - 汉语 -extra_css: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/termynal.css -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/custom.css -extra_javascript: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/termynal.js -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/custom.js +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/he/docs/index.md b/docs/he/docs/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..802dbe8b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/he/docs/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,463 @@ +

+ FastAPI +

+

+ תשתית FastAPI, ביצועים גבוהים, קלה ללמידה, מהירה לתכנות, מוכנה לסביבת ייצור +

+

+ + Test + + + Coverage + + + Package version + + + Supported Python versions + +

+ +--- + +**תיעוד**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com + +**קוד**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi + +--- + +FastAPI היא תשתית רשת מודרנית ומהירה (ביצועים גבוהים) לבניית ממשקי תכנות יישומים (API) עם פייתון 3.6+ בהתבסס על רמזי טיפוסים סטנדרטיים. + +תכונות המפתח הן: + +- **מהירה**: ביצועים גבוהים מאוד, בקנה אחד עם NodeJS ו - Go (תודות ל - Starlette ו - Pydantic). [אחת מתשתיות הפייתון המהירות ביותר](#performance). + +- **מהירה לתכנות**: הגבירו את מהירות פיתוח התכונות החדשות בכ - %200 עד %300. \* +- **פחות שגיאות**: מנעו כ - %40 משגיאות אנוש (מפתחים). \* +- **אינטואיטיבית**: תמיכת עורך מעולה. השלמה בכל מקום. פחות זמן ניפוי שגיאות. +- **קלה**: מתוכננת להיות קלה לשימוש וללמידה. פחות זמן קריאת תיעוד. +- **קצרה**: מזערו שכפול קוד. מספר תכונות מכל הכרזת פרמטר. פחות שגיאות. +- **חסונה**: קבלו קוד מוכן לסביבת ייצור. עם תיעוד אינטרקטיבי אוטומטי. +- **מבוססת סטנדרטים**: מבוססת על (ותואמת לחלוטין ל -) הסטדנרטים הפתוחים לממשקי תכנות יישומים: OpenAPI (ידועים לשעבר כ - Swagger) ו - JSON Schema. + +\* הערכה מבוססת על בדיקות של צוות פיתוח פנימי שבונה אפליקציות בסביבת ייצור. + +## נותני חסות + + + +{% if sponsors %} +{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%} + +{% endfor -%} +{%- for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%} + +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + + + +נותני חסות אחרים + +## דעות + +"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._" + +
Kabir Khan - Microsoft (ref)
+ +--- + +"_We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]_" + +
Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - Uber (ref)
+ +--- + +"_**Netflix** is pleased to announce the open-source release of our **crisis management** orchestration framework: **Dispatch**! [built with **FastAPI**]_" + +
Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - Netflix (ref)
+ +--- + +"_I’m over the moon excited about **FastAPI**. It’s so fun!_" + +
Brian Okken - Python Bytes podcast host (ref)
+ +--- + +"_Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that._" + +
Timothy Crosley - Hug creator (ref)
+ +--- + +"_If you're looking to learn one **modern framework** for building REST APIs, check out **FastAPI** [...] It's fast, easy to use and easy to learn [...]_" + +"_We've switched over to **FastAPI** for our **APIs** [...] I think you'll like it [...]_" + +
Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - Explosion AI founders - spaCy creators (ref) - (ref)
+ +--- + +## **Typer**, ה - FastAPI של ממשקי שורת פקודה (CLI). + + + +אם אתם בונים אפליקציית CLI לשימוש במסוף במקום ממשק רשת, העיפו מבט על **Typer**. + +**Typer** היא אחותה הקטנה של FastAPI. ומטרתה היא להיות ה - **FastAPI של ממשקי שורת פקודה**. ⌨️ 🚀 + +## תלויות + +פייתון 3.6+ + +FastAPI עומדת על כתפי ענקיות: + +- Starlette לחלקי הרשת. +- Pydantic לחלקי המידע. + +## התקנה + +
+ +```console +$ pip install fastapi + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +תצטרכו גם שרת ASGI כגון Uvicorn או Hypercorn. + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +## דוגמא + +### צרו אותה + +- צרו קובץ בשם `main.py` עם: + +```Python +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +
+או השתמשו ב - async def... + +אם הקוד שלכם משתמש ב - `async` / `await`, השתמשו ב - `async def`: + +```Python hl_lines="9 14" +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +async def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +**שימו לב**: + +אם אינכם יודעים, בדקו את פרק "ממהרים?" על `async` ו - `await` בתיעוד. + +
+ +### הריצו אותה + +התחילו את השרת עם: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +
+על הפקודה uvicorn main:app --reload... + +הפקודה `uvicorn main:app` מתייחסת ל: + +- `main`: הקובץ `main.py` (מודול פייתון). +- `app`: האובייקט שנוצר בתוך `main.py` עם השורה app = FastAPI(). +- --reload: גרמו לשרת להתאתחל לאחר שינויים בקוד. עשו זאת רק בסביבת פיתוח. + +
+ +### בדקו אותה + +פתחו את הדפדפן שלכם בכתובת http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. + +אתם תראו תגובת JSON: + +```JSON +{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} +``` + +כבר יצרתם API ש: + +- מקבל בקשות HTTP בנתיבים `/` ו - /items/{item_id}. +- שני ה _נתיבים_ מקבלים _בקשות_ `GET` (ידועות גם כ*מתודות* HTTP). +- ה _נתיב_ /items/{item_id} כולל \*פרמטר נתיב\_ `item_id` שאמור להיות `int`. +- ה _נתיב_ /items/{item_id} \*פרמטר שאילתא\_ אופציונלי `q`. + +### תיעוד API אינטרקטיבי + +כעת פנו לכתובת http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +אתם תראו את התיעוד האוטומטי (מסופק על ידי Swagger UI): + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +### תיעוד אלטרנטיבי + +כעת פנו לכתובת http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. + +אתם תראו תיעוד אלטרנטיבי (מסופק על ידי ReDoc): + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +## שדרוג לדוגמא + +כעת ערכו את הקובץ `main.py` כך שיוכל לקבל גוף מבקשת `PUT`. + +הגדירו את הגוף בעזרת רמזי טיפוסים סטנדרטיים, הודות ל - `Pydantic`. + +```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + price: float + is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} +``` + +השרת אמול להתאתחל אוטומטית (מאחר והוספתם --reload לפקודת `uvicorn` שלמעלה). + +### שדרוג התיעוד האינטרקטיבי + +כעת פנו לכתובת http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +- התיעוד האוטומטי יתעדכן, כולל הגוף החדש: + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) + +- לחצו על הכפתור "Try it out", הוא יאפשר לכם למלא את הפרמטרים ולעבוד ישירות מול ה - API. + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) + +- אחר כך לחצו על הכפתור "Execute", האתר יתקשר עם ה - API שלכם, ישלח את הפרמטרים, ישיג את התוצאות ואז יראה אותן על המסך: + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) + +### שדרוג התיעוד האלטרנטיבי + +כעת פנו לכתובת http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. + +- התיעוד האלטרנטיבי גם יראה את פרמטר השאילתא והגוף החדשים. + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) + +### סיכום + +לסיכום, אתם מכריזים ** פעם אחת** על טיפוסי הפרמטרים, גוף וכו' כפרמטרים לפונקציה. + +אתם עושים את זה עם טיפוסי פייתון מודרניים. + +אתם לא צריכים ללמוד תחביר חדש, מתודות או מחלקות של ספרייה ספיציפית, וכו' + +רק **פייתון 3.6+** סטנדרטי. + +לדוגמא, ל - `int`: + +```Python +item_id: int +``` + +או למודל `Item` מורכב יותר: + +```Python +item: Item +``` + +...ועם הכרזת הטיפוס האחת הזו אתם מקבלים: + +- תמיכת עורך, כולל: + - השלמות. + - בדיקת טיפוסים. +- אימות מידע: + - שגיאות ברורות ואטומטיות כאשר מוכנס מידע לא חוקי . + - אימות אפילו לאובייקטי JSON מקוננים. +- המרה של מידע קלט: המרה של מידע שמגיע מהרשת למידע וטיפוסים של פייתון. קורא מ: + - JSON. + - פרמטרי נתיב. + - פרמטרי שאילתא. + - עוגיות. + - כותרות. + - טפסים. + - קבצים. +- המרה של מידע פלט: המרה של מידע וטיפוסים מפייתון למידע רשת (כ - JSON): + - המירו טיפוסי פייתון (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc). + - עצמי `datetime`. + - עצמי `UUID`. + - מודלי בסיסי נתונים. + - ...ורבים אחרים. +- תיעוד API אוטומטי ואינטרקטיבית כולל שתי אלטרנטיבות לממשק המשתמש: + - Swagger UI. + - ReDoc. + +--- + +בחזרה לדוגמאת הקוד הקודמת, **FastAPI** ידאג: + +- לאמת שיש `item_id` בנתיב בבקשות `GET` ו - `PUT`. +- לאמת שה - `item_id` הוא מטיפוס `int` בבקשות `GET` ו - `PUT`. + - אם הוא לא, הלקוח יראה שגיאה ברורה ושימושית. +- לבדוק האם קיים פרמטר שאילתא בשם `q` (קרי `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) לבקשות `GET`. + - מאחר והפרמטר `q` מוגדר עם = None, הוא אופציונלי. + - לולא ה - `None` הוא היה חובה (כמו הגוף במקרה של `PUT`). +- לבקשות `PUT` לנתיב /items/{item_id}, לקרוא את גוף הבקשה כ - JSON: + - לאמת שהוא כולל את מאפיין החובה `name` שאמור להיות מטיפוס `str`. + - לאמת שהוא כולל את מאפיין החובה `price` שחייב להיות מטיפוס `float`. + - לבדוק האם הוא כולל את מאפיין הרשות `is_offer` שאמור להיות מטיפוס `bool`, אם הוא נמצא. + - כל זה יעבוד גם לאובייקט JSON מקונן. +- להמיר מ - JSON ול- JSON אוטומטית. +- לתעד הכל באמצעות OpenAPI, תיעוד שבו יוכלו להשתמש: + - מערכות תיעוד אינטרקטיביות. + - מערכות ייצור קוד אוטומטיות, להרבה שפות. +- לספק ישירות שתי מערכות תיעוד רשתיות. + +--- + +רק גרדנו את קצה הקרחון, אבל כבר יש לכם רעיון של איך הכל עובד. + +נסו לשנות את השורה: + +```Python + return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} +``` + +...מ: + +```Python + ... "item_name": item.name ... +``` + +...ל: + +```Python + ... "item_price": item.price ... +``` + +...וראו איך העורך שלכם משלים את המאפיינים ויודע את הטיפוסים שלהם: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) + +לדוגמא יותר שלמה שכוללת עוד תכונות, ראו את המדריך - למשתמש. + +**התראת ספוילרים**: המדריך - למשתמש כולל: + +- הכרזה על **פרמטרים** ממקורות אחרים ושונים כגון: **כותרות**, **עוגיות**, **טפסים** ו - **קבצים**. +- איך לקבוע **מגבלות אימות** בעזרת `maximum_length` או `regex`. +- דרך חזקה וקלה להשתמש ב**הזרקת תלויות**. +- אבטחה והתאמתות, כולל תמיכה ב - **OAuth2** עם **JWT** והתאמתות **HTTP Basic**. +- טכניקות מתקדמות (אבל קלות באותה מידה) להכרזת אובייקטי JSON מקוננים (תודות ל - Pydantic). +- אינטרקציה עם **GraphQL** דרך Strawberry וספריות אחרות. +- תכונות נוספות רבות (תודות ל - Starlette) כגון: + - **WebSockets** + - בדיקות קלות במיוחד מבוססות על `requests` ו - `pytest` + - **CORS** + - **Cookie Sessions** + - ...ועוד. + +## ביצועים + +בדיקות עצמאיות של TechEmpower הראו שאפליקציות **FastAPI** שרצות תחת Uvicorn הן מתשתיות הפייתון המהירות ביותר, רק מתחת ל - Starlette ו - Uvicorn עצמן (ש - FastAPI מבוססת עליהן). (\*) + +כדי להבין עוד על הנושא, ראו את הפרק Benchmarks. + +## תלויות אופציונליות + +בשימוש Pydantic: + +- email_validator - לאימות כתובות אימייל. + +בשימוש Starlette: + +- httpx - דרוש אם ברצונכם להשתמש ב - `TestClient`. +- jinja2 - דרוש אם ברצונכם להשתמש בברירת המחדל של תצורת הטמפלייטים. +- python-multipart - דרוש אם ברצונכם לתמוך ב "פרסור" טפסים, באצמעות request.form(). +- itsdangerous - דרוש אם ברצונכם להשתמש ב - `SessionMiddleware`. +- pyyaml - דרוש אם ברצונכם להשתמש ב - `SchemaGenerator` של Starlette (כנראה שאתם לא צריכים את זה עם FastAPI). +- ujson - דרוש אם ברצונכם להשתמש ב - `UJSONResponse`. + +בשימוש FastAPI / Starlette: + +- uvicorn - לשרת שטוען ומגיש את האפליקציה שלכם. +- orjson - דרוש אם ברצונכם להשתמש ב - `ORJSONResponse`. + +תוכלו להתקין את כל אלו באמצעות pip install "fastapi[all]". + +## רשיון + +הפרויקט הזה הוא תחת התנאים של רשיון MIT. diff --git a/docs/he/mkdocs.yml b/docs/he/mkdocs.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de18856f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/he/mkdocs.yml @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/hu/docs/index.md b/docs/hu/docs/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..29c3c05ac --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/hu/docs/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,469 @@ +

+ FastAPI +

+

+ FastAPI keretrendszer, nagy teljesítmény, könnyen tanulható, gyorsan kódolható, productionre kész +

+

+ + Test + + + Coverage + + + Package version + + + Supported Python versions + +

+ +--- + +**Dokumentáció**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com + +**Forrás kód**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi + +--- +A FastAPI egy modern, gyors (nagy teljesítményű), webes keretrendszer API-ok építéséhez Python 3.8+-al, a Python szabványos típusjelöléseire építve. + + +Kulcs funkciók: + +* **Gyors**: Nagyon nagy teljesítmény, a **NodeJS**-el és a **Go**-val egyenrangú (a Starlettenek és a Pydantic-nek köszönhetően). [Az egyik leggyorsabb Python keretrendszer](#performance). +* **Gyorsan kódolható**: A funkciók fejlesztési sebességét 200-300 százalékkal megnöveli. * +* **Kevesebb hiba**: Körülbelül 40%-al csökkenti az emberi (fejlesztői) hibák számát. * +* **Intuitív**: Kiváló szerkesztő támogatás. Kiegészítés mindenhol. Kevesebb hibakereséssel töltött idő. +* **Egyszerű**: Egyszerű tanulásra és használatra tervezve. Kevesebb dokumentáció olvasással töltött idő. +* **Rövid**: Kód duplikáció minimalizálása. Több funkció minden paraméter deklarálásával. Kevesebb hiba. +* **Robosztus**: Production ready kód. Automatikus interaktív dokumentáció val. +* **Szabvány alapú**: Az API-ok nyílt szabványaira alapuló (és azokkal teljesen kompatibilis): OpenAPI (korábban Swagger néven ismert) és a JSON Schema. + +* Egy production alkalmazásokat építő belső fejlesztői csapat tesztjein alapuló becslés. + +## Szponzorok + + + +{% if sponsors %} +{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%} + +{% endfor -%} +{%- for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%} + +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + + + +További szponzorok + +## Vélemények + +"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._" + +
Kabir Khan - Microsoft (ref)
+ +--- + +"_We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]_" + +
Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - Uber (ref)
+ +--- + +"_**Netflix** is pleased to announce the open-source release of our **crisis management** orchestration framework: **Dispatch**! [built with **FastAPI**]_" + +
Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - Netflix (ref)
+ +--- + +"_I’m over the moon excited about **FastAPI**. It’s so fun!_" + +
Brian Okken - Python Bytes podcast host (ref)
+ +--- + +"_Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that._" + +
Timothy Crosley - Hug creator (ref)
+ +--- + +"_If you're looking to learn one **modern framework** for building REST APIs, check out **FastAPI** [...] It's fast, easy to use and easy to learn [...]_" + +"_We've switched over to **FastAPI** for our **APIs** [...] I think you'll like it [...]_" + +
Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - Explosion AI founders - spaCy creators (ref) - (ref)
+ +--- + +"_If anyone is looking to build a production Python API, I would highly recommend **FastAPI**. It is **beautifully designed**, **simple to use** and **highly scalable**, it has become a **key component** in our API first development strategy and is driving many automations and services such as our Virtual TAC Engineer._" + +
Deon Pillsbury - Cisco (ref)
+ +--- + +## **Typer**, a CLI-ok FastAPI-ja + + + +Ha egy olyan CLI alkalmazást fejlesztesz amit a parancssorban kell használni webes API helyett, tekintsd meg: **Typer**. + +**Typer** a FastAPI kistestvére. A **CLI-k FastAPI-ja**. ⌨️ 🚀 + +## Követelmények + +Python 3.8+ + +A FastAPI óriások vállán áll: + +* Starlette a webes részekhez. +* Pydantic az adat részekhez. + +## Telepítés + +
+ +```console +$ pip install fastapi + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +A production-höz egy ASGI szerverre is szükség lesz, mint például az Uvicorn vagy a Hypercorn. + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +## Példa + +### Hozd létre + +* Hozz létre a `main.py` fájlt a következő tartalommal: + +```Python +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +
+Vagy használd az async def-et... + +Ha a kódod `async` / `await`-et, használ `async def`: + +```Python hl_lines="9 14" +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +async def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +**Megjegyzés**: + +Ha nem tudod, tekintsd meg a _"Sietsz?"_ szekciót `async` és `await`-ről dokumentációba. + +
+ +### Futtasd le + +Indítsd el a szervert a következő paranccsal: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +
+A parancsról uvicorn main:app --reload... + +A `uvicorn main:app` parancs a következőre utal: + +* `main`: fájl `main.py` (a Python "modul"). +* `app`: a `main.py`-ban a `app = FastAPI()` sorral létrehozott objektum. +* `--reload`: kód változtatás esetén újra indítja a szervert. Csak fejlesztés közben használandó. + +
+ +### Ellenőrizd + +Nyisd meg a böngésződ a következő címen: http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. + +A következő JSON választ fogod látni: + +```JSON +{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} +``` + +Máris létrehoztál egy API-t ami: + +* HTTP kéréseket fogad a `/` és `/items/{item_id}` _útvonalakon_. +* Mindkét _útvonal_ a `GET` műveletet használja (másik elnevezés: HTTP _metódus_). +* A `/items/{item_id}` _útvonalnak_ van egy _path paramétere_, az `item_id`, aminek `int` típusúnak kell lennie. +* A `/items/{item_id}` _útvonalnak_ még van egy opcionális, `str` típusú _query paramétere_ is, a `q`. + +### Interaktív API dokumentáció + +Most nyisd meg a http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs címet. + +Az automatikus interaktív API dokumentációt fogod látni (amit a Swagger UI-al hozunk létre): + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +### Alternatív API dokumentáció + +És most menj el a http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc címre. + +Az alternatív automatikus dokumentációt fogod látni. (lásd ReDoc): + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +## Példa frissítése + +Módosítsuk a `main.py` fájlt, hogy `PUT` kérések esetén tudjon body-t fogadni. + +Deklaráld a body-t standard Python típusokkal, a Pydantic-nak köszönhetően. + +```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + price: float + is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} +``` + +A szerver automatikusan újraindul (mert hozzáadtuk a --reload paramétert a fenti `uvicorn` parancshoz). + +### Interaktív API dokumentáció frissítése + +Most menj el a http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs címre. + +* Az interaktív API dokumentáció automatikusan frissült így már benne van az új body. + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) + +* Kattints rá a "Try it out" gombra, ennek segítségével kitöltheted a paramétereket és közvetlen használhatod az API-t: + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) + +* Ezután kattints az "Execute" gompra, a felhasználói felület kommunikálni fog az API-oddal. Elküldi a paramétereket és a visszakapott választ megmutatja a képernyődön. + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) + +### Alternatív API dokumentáció frissítés + +Most menj el a http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc címre. + +* Az alternatív dokumentáció szintúgy tükrözni fogja az új kérési paraméter és body-t. + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) + +### Összefoglalás + +Összegzésül, deklarálod **egyszer** a paraméterek, body, stb típusát funkciós paraméterekként. + +Ezt standard modern Python típusokkal csinálod. + +Nem kell új szintaxist, vagy specifikus könyvtár mert metódósait, stb. megtanulnod. + +Csak standard **Python 3.8+**. + +Például egy `int`-nek: + +```Python +item_id: int +``` + +Egy komplexebb `Item` modellnek: + +```Python +item: Item +``` + +... És csupán egy deklarációval megkapod a: + +* Szerkesztő támogatást, beleértve: + * Szövegkiegészítés. + * Típus ellenőrzés. +* Adatok validációja: + * Automatikus és érthető hibák amikor az adatok hibásak. + * Validáció mélyen ágyazott objektumok esetén is. +* Bemeneti adatok átváltása : a hálózatról érkező Python adatokká és típusokká. Adatok olvasása következő forrásokból: + * JSON. + * Cím paraméterek. + * Query paraméterek. + * Cookie-k. + * Header-ök. + * Formok. + * Fájlok. +* Kimeneti adatok átváltása: Python adatok is típusokról hálózati adatokká: + * válts át Python típusokat (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc). + * `datetime` csak objektumokat. + * `UUID` objektumokat. + * Adatbázis modelleket. + * ...És sok mást. +* Automatikus interaktív dokumentáció, beleértve két alternatív dokumentációt is: + * Swagger UI. + * ReDoc. + +--- + +Visszatérve az előző kód példához. A **FastAPI**: + +* Validálja hogy van egy `item_id` mező a `GET` és `PUT` kérésekben. +* Validálja hogy az `item_id` `int` típusú a `GET` és `PUT` kérésekben. + * Ha nem akkor látni fogunk egy tiszta hibát ezzel kapcsolatban. +* ellenőrzi hogyha van egy opcionális query paraméter `q` névvel (azaz `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) `GET` kérések esetén. + * Mivel a `q` paraméter `= None`-al van deklarálva, ezért opcionális. + * `None` nélkül ez a mező kötelező lenne (mint például a body `PUT` kérések esetén). +* a `/items/{item_id}` címre érkező `PUT` kérések esetén, a JSON-t a következőképpen olvassa be: + * Ellenőrzi hogy létezik a kötelező `name` nevű attribútum és `string`. + * Ellenőrzi hogy létezik a kötelező `price` nevű attribútum és `float`. + * Ellenőrzi hogy létezik a `is_offer` nevű opcionális paraméter, ami ha létezik akkor `bool` + * Ez ágyazott JSON objektumokkal is működik +* JSONről való automatikus konvertálás. +* dokumentáljuk mindent OpenAPI-al amit használható: + * Interaktív dokumentációs rendszerekkel. + * Automatikus kliens kód generáló a rendszerekkel, több nyelven. +* Hozzá tartozik kettő interaktív dokumentációs web felület. + +--- + +Eddig csak a felszínt kapargattuk, de a lényeg hogy most már könnyebben érthető hogyan működik. + +Próbáld kicserélni a következő sorban: + +```Python + return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} +``` + +...ezt: + +```Python + ... "item_name": item.name ... +``` + +...erre: + +```Python + ... "item_price": item.price ... +``` + +... És figyeld meg hogy a szerkesztő automatikusan tudni fogja a típusokat és kiegészíti azokat: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) + +Teljesebb példákért és funkciókért tekintsd meg a Tutorial - User Guide -t. + +**Spoiler veszély**: a Tutorial - User Guidehoz tartozik: + +* **Paraméterek** deklarációja különböző helyekről: **header-ök**, **cookie-k**, **form mezők** és **fájlok**. +* Hogyan állíts be **validációs feltételeket** mint a `maximum_length` vagy a `regex`. +* Nagyon hatékony és erős **Függőség Injekció** rendszerek. +* Biztonság és autentikáció beleértve, **OAuth2**, **JWT tokens** és **HTTP Basic** támogatást. +* Több haladó (de ugyanannyira könnyű) technika **mélyen ágyazott JSON modellek deklarációjára** (Pydantic-nek köszönhetően). +* **GraphQL** integráció Strawberry-vel és más könyvtárakkal. +* több extra funkció (Starlette-nek köszönhetően) pl.: + * **WebSockets** + * rendkívül könnyű tesztek HTTPX és `pytest` alapokra építve + * **CORS** + * **Cookie Sessions** + * ...és több. + +## Teljesítmény + +A független TechEmpower benchmarkok szerint az Uvicorn alatt futó **FastAPI** alkalmazások az egyik leggyorsabb Python keretrendszerek közé tartoznak, éppen lemaradva a Starlette és az Uvicorn (melyeket a FastAPI belsőleg használ) mögött.(*) + +Ezeknek a további megértéséhez: Benchmarks. + +## Opcionális követelmények + +Pydantic által használt: + +* email_validator - e-mail validációkra. +* pydantic-settings - Beállítások követésére. +* pydantic-extra-types - Extra típusok Pydantic-hoz. + +Starlette által használt: + +* httpx - Követelmény ha a `TestClient`-et akarod használni. +* jinja2 - Követelmény ha az alap template konfigurációt akarod használni. +* python-multipart - Követelmény ha "parsing"-ot akarsz támogatni, `request.form()`-al. +* itsdangerous - Követelmény `SessionMiddleware` támogatáshoz. +* pyyaml - Követelmény a Starlette `SchemaGenerator`-ának támogatásához (valószínűleg erre nincs szükség FastAPI használása esetén). +* ujson - Követelmény ha `UJSONResponse`-t akarsz használni. + +FastAPI / Starlette által használt + +* uvicorn - Szerverekhez amíg betöltik és szolgáltatják az applikációdat. +* orjson - Követelmény ha `ORJSONResponse`-t akarsz használni. + +Ezeket mind telepítheted a `pip install "fastapi[all]"` paranccsal. + +## Licensz +Ez a projekt az MIT license, licensz alatt fut diff --git a/docs/hu/mkdocs.yml b/docs/hu/mkdocs.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de18856f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/hu/mkdocs.yml @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/id/docs/index.md b/docs/id/docs/index.md deleted file mode 100644 index 95fb7ae21..000000000 --- a/docs/id/docs/index.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,467 +0,0 @@ - -{!../../../docs/missing-translation.md!} - - -

- FastAPI -

-

- FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production -

-

- - Test - - - Coverage - - - Package version - -

- ---- - -**Documentation**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com - -**Source Code**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi - ---- - -FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints. - -The key features are: - -* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance). - -* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * -* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. * -* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. Completion everywhere. Less time debugging. -* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs. -* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs. -* **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation. -* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: OpenAPI (previously known as Swagger) and JSON Schema. - -* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications. - -## Sponsors - - - -{% if sponsors %} -{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%} - -{% endfor -%} -{%- for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%} - -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} - - - -Other sponsors - -## Opinions - -"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._" - -
Kabir Khan - Microsoft (ref)
- ---- - -"_We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]_" - -
Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - Uber (ref)
- ---- - -"_**Netflix** is pleased to announce the open-source release of our **crisis management** orchestration framework: **Dispatch**! [built with **FastAPI**]_" - -
Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - Netflix (ref)
- ---- - -"_I’m over the moon excited about **FastAPI**. It’s so fun!_" - -
Brian Okken - Python Bytes podcast host (ref)
- ---- - -"_Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that._" - -
Timothy Crosley - Hug creator (ref)
- ---- - -"_If you're looking to learn one **modern framework** for building REST APIs, check out **FastAPI** [...] It's fast, easy to use and easy to learn [...]_" - -"_We've switched over to **FastAPI** for our **APIs** [...] I think you'll like it [...]_" - -
Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - Explosion AI founders - spaCy creators (ref) - (ref)
- ---- - -## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs - - - -If you are building a CLI app to be used in the terminal instead of a web API, check out **Typer**. - -**Typer** is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the **FastAPI of CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀 - -## Requirements - -Python 3.6+ - -FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: - -* Starlette for the web parts. -* Pydantic for the data parts. - -## Installation - -
- -```console -$ pip install fastapi - ----> 100% -``` - -
- -You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn. - -
- -```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] - ----> 100% -``` - -
- -## Example - -### Create it - -* Create a file `main.py` with: - -```Python -from typing import Optional - -from fastapi import FastAPI - -app = FastAPI() - - -@app.get("/") -def read_root(): - return {"Hello": "World"} - - -@app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): - return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} -``` - -
-Or use async def... - -If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`: - -```Python hl_lines="9 14" -from typing import Optional - -from fastapi import FastAPI - -app = FastAPI() - - -@app.get("/") -async def read_root(): - return {"Hello": "World"} - - -@app.get("/items/{item_id}") -async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): - return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} -``` - -**Note**: - -If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about `async` and `await` in the docs. - -
- -### Run it - -Run the server with: - -
- -```console -$ uvicorn main:app --reload - -INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) -INFO: Started reloader process [28720] -INFO: Started server process [28722] -INFO: Waiting for application startup. -INFO: Application startup complete. -``` - -
- -
-About the command uvicorn main:app --reload... - -The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to: - -* `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module"). -* `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`. -* `--reload`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development. - -
- -### Check it - -Open your browser at http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. - -You will see the JSON response as: - -```JSON -{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} -``` - -You already created an API that: - -* Receives HTTP requests in the _paths_ `/` and `/items/{item_id}`. -* Both _paths_ take `GET` operations (also known as HTTP _methods_). -* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has a _path parameter_ `item_id` that should be an `int`. -* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has an optional `str` _query parameter_ `q`. - -### Interactive API docs - -Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. - -You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by Swagger UI): - -![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) - -### Alternative API docs - -And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. - -You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by ReDoc): - -![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) - -## Example upgrade - -Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request. - -Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic. - -```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" -from typing import Optional - -from fastapi import FastAPI -from pydantic import BaseModel - -app = FastAPI() - - -class Item(BaseModel): - name: str - price: float - is_offer: Optional[bool] = None - - -@app.get("/") -def read_root(): - return {"Hello": "World"} - - -@app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): - return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} - - -@app.put("/items/{item_id}") -def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): - return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} -``` - -The server should reload automatically (because you added `--reload` to the `uvicorn` command above). - -### Interactive API docs upgrade - -Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. - -* The interactive API documentation will be automatically updated, including the new body: - -![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) - -* Click on the button "Try it out", it allows you to fill the parameters and directly interact with the API: - -![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) - -* Then click on the "Execute" button, the user interface will communicate with your API, send the parameters, get the results and show them on the screen: - -![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) - -### Alternative API docs upgrade - -And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. - -* The alternative documentation will also reflect the new query parameter and body: - -![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) - -### Recap - -In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters. - -You do that with standard modern Python types. - -You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc. - -Just standard **Python 3.6+**. - -For example, for an `int`: - -```Python -item_id: int -``` - -or for a more complex `Item` model: - -```Python -item: Item -``` - -...and with that single declaration you get: - -* Editor support, including: - * Completion. - * Type checks. -* Validation of data: - * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid. - * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects. -* Conversion of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from: - * JSON. - * Path parameters. - * Query parameters. - * Cookies. - * Headers. - * Forms. - * Files. -* Conversion of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON): - * Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc). - * `datetime` objects. - * `UUID` objects. - * Database models. - * ...and many more. -* Automatic interactive API documentation, including 2 alternative user interfaces: - * Swagger UI. - * ReDoc. - ---- - -Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will: - -* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests. -* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests. - * If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error. -* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests. - * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional. - * Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`). -* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, Read the body as JSON: - * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`. - * Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`. - * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present. - * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects. -* Convert from and to JSON automatically. -* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by: - * Interactive documentation systems. - * Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages. -* Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly. - ---- - -We just scratched the surface, but you already get the idea of how it all works. - -Try changing the line with: - -```Python - return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} -``` - -...from: - -```Python - ... "item_name": item.name ... -``` - -...to: - -```Python - ... "item_price": item.price ... -``` - -...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types: - -![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) - -For a more complete example including more features, see the Tutorial - User Guide. - -**Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes: - -* Declaration of **parameters** from other different places as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**. -* How to set **validation constraints** as `maximum_length` or `regex`. -* A very powerful and easy to use **Dependency Injection** system. -* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth. -* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic). -* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as: - * **WebSockets** - * **GraphQL** - * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest` - * **CORS** - * **Cookie Sessions** - * ...and more. - -## Performance - -Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as one of the fastest Python frameworks available, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*) - -To understand more about it, see the section Benchmarks. - -## Optional Dependencies - -Used by Pydantic: - -* ujson - for faster JSON "parsing". -* email_validator - for email validation. - -Used by Starlette: - -* requests - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. -* aiofiles - Required if you want to use `FileResponse` or `StaticFiles`. -* jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. -* python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with `request.form()`. -* itsdangerous - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support. -* pyyaml - Required for Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI). -* graphene - Required for `GraphQLApp` support. -* ujson - Required if you want to use `UJSONResponse`. - -Used by FastAPI / Starlette: - -* uvicorn - for the server that loads and serves your application. -* orjson - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`. - -You can install all of these with `pip install fastapi[all]`. - -## License - -This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license. diff --git a/docs/id/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/id/docs/tutorial/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b8ed96ae1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/id/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +# Tutorial - Pedoman Pengguna - Pengenalan + +Tutorial ini menunjukan cara menggunakan ***FastAPI*** dengan semua fitur-fiturnya, tahap demi tahap. + +Setiap bagian dibangun secara bertahap dari bagian sebelumnya, tetapi terstruktur untuk memisahkan banyak topik, sehingga kamu bisa secara langsung menuju ke topik spesifik untuk menyelesaikan kebutuhan API tertentu. + +Ini juga dibangun untuk digunakan sebagai referensi yang akan datang. + +Sehingga kamu dapat kembali lagi dan mencari apa yang kamu butuhkan dengan tepat. + +## Jalankan kode + +Semua blok-blok kode dapat disalin dan digunakan langsung (Mereka semua sebenarnya adalah file python yang sudah teruji). + +Untuk menjalankan setiap contoh, salin kode ke file `main.py`, dan jalankan `uvicorn` dengan: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +**SANGAT disarankan** agar kamu menulis atau menyalin kode, mengubahnya dan menjalankannya secara lokal. + +Dengan menggunakannya di dalam editor, benar-benar memperlihatkan manfaat dari FastAPI, melihat bagaimana sedikitnya kode yang harus kamu tulis, semua pengecekan tipe, pelengkapan otomatis, dll. + +--- + +## Install FastAPI + +Langkah pertama adalah dengan meng-install FastAPI. + +Untuk tutorial, kamu mungkin hendak meng-installnya dengan semua pilihan fitur dan dependensinya: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +...yang juga termasuk `uvicorn`, yang dapat kamu gunakan sebagai server yang menjalankan kodemu. + +!!! catatan + Kamu juga dapat meng-installnya bagian demi bagian. + + Hal ini mungkin yang akan kamu lakukan ketika kamu hendak menyebarkan (men-deploy) aplikasimu ke tahap produksi: + + ``` + pip install fastapi + ``` + + Juga install `uvicorn` untuk menjalankan server" + + ``` + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + ``` + + Dan demikian juga untuk pilihan dependensi yang hendak kamu gunakan. + +## Pedoman Pengguna Lanjutan + +Tersedia juga **Pedoman Pengguna Lanjutan** yang dapat kamu baca nanti setelah **Tutorial - Pedoman Pengguna** ini. + +**Pedoman Pengguna Lanjutan**, dibangun atas hal ini, menggunakan konsep yang sama, dan mengajarkan kepadamu beberapa fitur tambahan. + +Tetapi kamu harus membaca terlebih dahulu **Tutorial - Pedoman Pengguna** (apa yang sedang kamu baca sekarang). + +Hal ini dirancang supaya kamu dapat membangun aplikasi lengkap dengan hanya **Tutorial - Pedoman Pengguna**, dan kemudian mengembangkannya ke banyak cara yang berbeda, tergantung dari kebutuhanmu, menggunakan beberapa ide-ide tambahan dari **Pedoman Pengguna Lanjutan**. diff --git a/docs/id/mkdocs.yml b/docs/id/mkdocs.yml index f9cae22cc..de18856f4 100644 --- a/docs/id/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/id/mkdocs.yml @@ -1,128 +1 @@ -site_name: FastAPI -site_description: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production -site_url: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/id/ -theme: - name: material - custom_dir: overrides - palette: - - scheme: default - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb - name: Switch to light mode - - scheme: slate - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb-outline - name: Switch to dark mode - features: - - search.suggest - - search.highlight - - content.tabs.link - icon: - repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - logo: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/icon-white.svg - favicon: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png - language: id -repo_name: tiangolo/fastapi -repo_url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi -edit_uri: '' -google_analytics: -- UA-133183413-1 -- auto -plugins: -- search -- markdownextradata: - data: data -nav: -- FastAPI: index.md -- Languages: - - en: / - - az: /az/ - - de: /de/ - - es: /es/ - - fr: /fr/ - - id: /id/ - - it: /it/ - - ja: /ja/ - - ko: /ko/ - - pl: /pl/ - - pt: /pt/ - - ru: /ru/ - - sq: /sq/ - - tr: /tr/ - - uk: /uk/ - - zh: /zh/ -markdown_extensions: -- toc: - permalink: true -- markdown.extensions.codehilite: - guess_lang: false -- mdx_include: - base_path: docs -- admonition -- codehilite -- extra -- pymdownx.superfences: - custom_fences: - - name: mermaid - class: mermaid - format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' -- pymdownx.tabbed -extra: - social: - - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/discord - link: https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf - - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter - link: https://twitter.com/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin - link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/dev - link: https://dev.to/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/medium - link: https://medium.com/@tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/solid/globe - link: https://tiangolo.com - alternate: - - link: / - name: en - English - - link: /az/ - name: az - - link: /de/ - name: de - - link: /es/ - name: es - español - - link: /fr/ - name: fr - français - - link: /id/ - name: id - - link: /it/ - name: it - italiano - - link: /ja/ - name: ja - 日本語 - - link: /ko/ - name: ko - 한국어 - - link: /pl/ - name: pl - - link: /pt/ - name: pt - português - - link: /ru/ - name: ru - русский язык - - link: /sq/ - name: sq - shqip - - link: /tr/ - name: tr - Türkçe - - link: /uk/ - name: uk - українська мова - - link: /zh/ - name: zh - 汉语 -extra_css: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/termynal.css -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/custom.css -extra_javascript: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/termynal.js -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/custom.js +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/it/docs/index.md b/docs/it/docs/index.md index c52f07e59..6190eb6aa 100644 --- a/docs/it/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/it/docs/index.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ FastAPI

- FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production + FastAPI framework, alte prestazioni, facile da imparare, rapido da implementare, pronto per il rilascio in produzione

@@ -22,29 +22,28 @@ --- -**Documentation**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com +**Documentazione**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com -**Source Code**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi +**Codice Sorgente**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi --- -FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints. +FastAPI è un web framework moderno e veloce (a prestazioni elevate) che serve a creare API con Python 3.6+ basato sulle annotazioni di tipo di Python. -The key features are: +Le sue caratteristiche principali sono: -* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance). +* **Velocità**: Prestazioni molto elevate, alla pari di **NodeJS** e **Go** (grazie a Starlette e Pydantic). [Uno dei framework Python più veloci in circolazione](#performance). +* **Veloce da programmare**: Velocizza il lavoro consentendo il rilascio di nuove funzionalità tra il 200% e il 300% più rapidamente. * +* **Meno bug**: Riduce di circa il 40% gli errori che commettono gli sviluppatori durante la scrittura del codice. * +* **Intuitivo**: Grande supporto per gli editor di testo con autocompletamento in ogni dove. In questo modo si può dedicare meno tempo al debugging. +* **Facile**: Progettato per essere facile da usare e imparare. Si riduce il tempo da dedicare alla lettura della documentazione. +* **Sintentico**: Minimizza la duplicazione di codice. Molteplici funzionalità, ognuna con la propria dichiarazione dei parametri. Meno errori. +* **Robusto**: Crea codice pronto per la produzione con documentazione automatica interattiva. +* **Basato sugli standard**: Basato su (e completamente compatibile con) gli open standard per le API: OpenAPI (precedentemente Swagger) e JSON Schema. -* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * -* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. * -* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. Completion everywhere. Less time debugging. -* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs. -* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs. -* **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation. -* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: OpenAPI (previously known as Swagger) and JSON Schema. +* Stima basata sull'esito di test eseguiti su codice sorgente di applicazioni rilasciate in produzione da un team interno di sviluppatori. -* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications. - -## Sponsors +## Sponsor @@ -59,9 +58,9 @@ The key features are: -Other sponsors +Altri sponsor -## Opinions +## Recensioni "_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._" @@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ The key features are: "_We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]_" -

Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - Uber (ref)
+
Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, e Sai Sumanth Miryala - Uber (ref)
--- @@ -101,24 +100,24 @@ The key features are: --- -## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs +## **Typer**, la FastAPI delle CLI -If you are building a CLI app to be used in the terminal instead of a web API, check out **Typer**. +Se stai sviluppando un'app CLI da usare nel terminale invece che una web API, ti consigliamo **Typer**. -**Typer** is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the **FastAPI of CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀 +**Typer** è il fratello minore di FastAPI. Ed è stato ideato per essere la **FastAPI delle CLI**. ⌨️ 🚀 -## Requirements +## Requisiti Python 3.6+ -FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: +FastAPI è basata su importanti librerie: -* Starlette for the web parts. -* Pydantic for the data parts. +* Starlette per le parti web. +* Pydantic per le parti dei dati. -## Installation +## Installazione
@@ -130,7 +129,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn. +Per il rilascio in produzione, sarà necessario un server ASGI come Uvicorn oppure Hypercorn.
@@ -142,11 +141,11 @@ $ pip install uvicorn[standard]
-## Example +## Esempio -### Create it +### Crea un file -* Create a file `main.py` with: +* Crea un file `main.py` con: ```Python from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -166,9 +165,9 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: str = Optional[None]): ```
-Or use async def... +Oppure usa async def... -If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`: +Se il tuo codice usa `async` / `await`, allora usa `async def`: ```Python hl_lines="7 12" from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -187,15 +186,15 @@ async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` -**Note**: +**Nota**: -If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about `async` and `await` in the docs. +e vuoi approfondire, consulta la sezione _"In a hurry?"_ su `async` e `await` nella documentazione.
-### Run it +### Esegui il server -Run the server with: +Puoi far partire il server così:
@@ -212,54 +211,54 @@ INFO: Application startup complete.
-About the command uvicorn main:app --reload... +Informazioni sul comando uvicorn main:app --reload... -The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to: +Vediamo il comando `uvicorn main:app` in dettaglio: -* `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module"). -* `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`. -* `--reload`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development. +* `main`: il file `main.py` (il "modulo" Python). +* `app`: l'oggetto creato dentro `main.py` con la riga di codice `app = FastAPI()`. +* `--reload`: ricarica il server se vengono rilevati cambiamenti del codice. Usalo solo durante la fase di sviluppo.
-### Check it +### Testa l'API -Open your browser at http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. +Apri il browser all'indirizzo http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. -You will see the JSON response as: +Vedrai la seguente risposta JSON: ```JSON {"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} ``` -You already created an API that: +Hai appena creato un'API che: -* Receives HTTP requests in the _paths_ `/` and `/items/{item_id}`. -* Both _paths_ take `GET` operations (also known as HTTP _methods_). -* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has a _path parameter_ `item_id` that should be an `int`. -* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has an optional `str` _query parameter_ `q`. +* Riceve richieste HTTP sui _paths_ `/` and `/items/{item_id}`. +* Entrambi i _paths_ accettano`GET` operations (conosciuti anche come HTTP _methods_). +* Il _path_ `/items/{item_id}` ha un _path parameter_ `item_id` che deve essere un `int`. +* Il _path_ `/items/{item_id}` ha una `str` _query parameter_ `q`. -### Interactive API docs +### Documentazione interattiva dell'API -Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. +Adesso vai all'indirizzo http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. -You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by Swagger UI): +Vedrai la documentazione interattiva dell'API (offerta da Swagger UI): ![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) -### Alternative API docs +### Documentazione interattiva alternativa -And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. +Adesso accedi all'url http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. -You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by ReDoc): +Vedrai la documentazione interattiva dell'API (offerta da ReDoc): ![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) -## Example upgrade +## Esempio più avanzato -Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request. +Adesso modifica il file `main.py` per ricevere un _body_ da una richiesta `PUT`. -Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic. +Dichiara il _body_ usando le annotazioni di tipo standard di Python, grazie a Pydantic. ```Python hl_lines="2 7-10 23-25" from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -290,175 +289,176 @@ def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} ``` -The server should reload automatically (because you added `--reload` to the `uvicorn` command above). +Il server dovrebbe ricaricarsi in automatico (perché hai specificato `--reload` al comando `uvicorn` lanciato precedentemente). -### Interactive API docs upgrade +### Aggiornamento della documentazione interattiva -Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. +Adesso vai su http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. -* The interactive API documentation will be automatically updated, including the new body: +* La documentazione interattiva dell'API verrà automaticamente aggiornata, includendo il nuovo _body_: ![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) -* Click on the button "Try it out", it allows you to fill the parameters and directly interact with the API: +* Fai click sul pulsante "Try it out", che ti permette di inserire i parametri per interagire direttamente con l'API: ![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) -* Then click on the "Execute" button, the user interface will communicate with your API, send the parameters, get the results and show them on the screen: +* Successivamente, premi sul pulsante "Execute". L'interfaccia utente comunicherà con la tua API, invierà i parametri, riceverà i risultati della richiesta, e li mostrerà sullo schermo: ![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) -### Alternative API docs upgrade +### Aggiornamento della documentazione alternativa -And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. +Ora vai su http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. -* The alternative documentation will also reflect the new query parameter and body: +* Anche la documentazione alternativa dell'API mostrerà il nuovo parametro della query e il _body_: ![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) -### Recap +### Riepilogo -In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters. +Ricapitolando, è sufficiente dichiarare **una sola volta** i tipi dei parametri, del body, ecc. come parametri di funzioni. -You do that with standard modern Python types. +Questo con le annotazioni per i tipi standard di Python. -You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc. +Non c'è bisogno di imparare una nuova sintassi, metodi o classi specifici a una libreria, ecc. -Just standard **Python 3.6+**. +È normalissimo **Python 3.6+**. -For example, for an `int`: +Per esempio, per un `int`: ```Python item_id: int ``` -or for a more complex `Item` model: +o per un modello `Item` più complesso: ```Python item: Item ``` -...and with that single declaration you get: +...e con quella singola dichiarazione hai in cambio: -* Editor support, including: - * Completion. - * Type checks. -* Validation of data: - * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid. - * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects. -* Conversion of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from: +* Supporto per gli editor di testo, incluso: + * Autocompletamento. + * Controllo sulle annotazioni di tipo. +* Validazione dei dati: + * Errori chiari e automatici quando i dati sono invalidi. + * Validazione anche per gli oggetti JSON più complessi. +* Conversione dei dati di input: da risorse esterne a dati e tipi di Python. È possibile leggere da: * JSON. * Path parameters. * Query parameters. * Cookies. * Headers. - * Forms. - * Files. -* Conversion of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON): - * Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc). - * `datetime` objects. - * `UUID` objects. - * Database models. - * ...and many more. -* Automatic interactive API documentation, including 2 alternative user interfaces: + * Form. + * File. +* Conversione dei dati di output: converte dati e tipi di Python a dati per la rete (come JSON): + * Converte i tipi di Python (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, ecc). + * Oggetti `datetime`. + * Oggetti `UUID`. + * Modelli del database. + * ...e molto di più. +* Generazione di una documentazione dell'API interattiva, con scelta dell'interfaccia grafica: * Swagger UI. * ReDoc. --- -Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will: +Tornando al precedente esempio, **FastAPI**: -* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests. -* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests. - * If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error. -* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests. - * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional. - * Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`). -* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, Read the body as JSON: - * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`. - * Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`. - * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present. - * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects. -* Convert from and to JSON automatically. -* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by: - * Interactive documentation systems. - * Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages. -* Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly. +* Validerà che esiste un `item_id` nel percorso delle richieste `GET` e `PUT`. +* Validerà che `item_id` sia di tipo `int` per le richieste `GET` e `PUT`. + * Se non lo è, il client vedrà un errore chiaro e utile. +* Controllerà se ci sia un parametro opzionale chiamato `q` (per esempio `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) per le richieste `GET`. + * Siccome il parametro `q` è dichiarato con `= None`, è opzionale. + * Senza il `None` sarebbe stato obbligatorio (come per il body della richiesta `PUT`). +* Per le richieste `PUT` su `/items/{item_id}`, leggerà il body come JSON, questo comprende: + * verifica che la richiesta abbia un attributo obbligatorio `name` e che sia di tipo `str`. + * verifica che la richiesta abbia un attributo obbligatorio `price` e che sia di tipo `float`. + * verifica che la richiesta abbia un attributo opzionale `is_offer` e che sia di tipo `bool`, se presente. + * Tutto questo funzionerebbe anche con oggetti JSON più complessi. +* Convertirà *da* e *a* JSON automaticamente. +* Documenterà tutto con OpenAPI, che può essere usato per: + * Sistemi di documentazione interattivi. + * Sistemi di generazione di codice dal lato client, per molti linguaggi. +* Fornirà 2 interfacce di documentazione dell'API interattive. --- -We just scratched the surface, but you already get the idea of how it all works. +Questa è solo la punta dell'iceberg, ma dovresti avere già un'idea di come il tutto funzioni. -Try changing the line with: +Prova a cambiare questa riga di codice: ```Python return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} ``` -...from: +...da: ```Python ... "item_name": item.name ... ``` -...to: +...a: ```Python ... "item_price": item.price ... ``` -...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types: +...e osserva come il tuo editor di testo autocompleterà gli attributi e sarà in grado di riconoscere i loro tipi: ![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) -For a more complete example including more features, see the Tutorial - User Guide. +Per un esempio più completo che mostra più funzionalità del framework, consulta Tutorial - Guida Utente. -**Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes: +**Spoiler alert**: il tutorial - Guida Utente include: -* Declaration of **parameters** from other different places as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**. -* How to set **validation constraints** as `maximum_length` or `regex`. -* A very powerful and easy to use **Dependency Injection** system. -* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth. -* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic). -* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as: +* Dichiarazione di **parameters** da altri posti diversi come: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** e **files**. +* Come stabilire **vincoli di validazione** come `maximum_length` o `regex`. +* Un sistema di **Dependency Injection** facile da usare e molto potente. +e potente. +* Sicurezza e autenticazione, incluso il supporto per **OAuth2** con **token JWT** e autenticazione **HTTP Basic**. +* Tecniche più avanzate (ma ugualmente semplici) per dichiarare **modelli JSON altamente nidificati** (grazie a Pydantic). +* E altre funzionalità (grazie a Starlette) come: * **WebSockets** * **GraphQL** - * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest` + * test molto facili basati su `requests` e `pytest` * **CORS** * **Cookie Sessions** - * ...and more. + * ...e altro ancora. -## Performance +## Prestazioni -Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as one of the fastest Python frameworks available, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*) +Benchmark indipendenti di TechEmpower mostrano che **FastAPI** basato su Uvicorn è uno dei framework Python più veloci in circolazione, solamente dietro a Starlette e Uvicorn (usate internamente da FastAPI). (*) -To understand more about it, see the section Benchmarks. +Per approfondire, consulta la sezione Benchmarks. -## Optional Dependencies +## Dipendenze opzionali -Used by Pydantic: +Usate da Pydantic: -* ujson - for faster JSON "parsing". -* email_validator - for email validation. +* ujson - per un "parsing" di JSON più veloce. +* email_validator - per la validazione di email. -Used by Starlette: +Usate da Starlette: -* requests - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. -* aiofiles - Required if you want to use `FileResponse` or `StaticFiles`. -* jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. -* python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with `request.form()`. -* itsdangerous - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support. -* pyyaml - Required for Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI). -* graphene - Required for `GraphQLApp` support. -* ujson - Required if you want to use `UJSONResponse`. +* requests - Richiesto se vuoi usare il `TestClient`. +* aiofiles - Richiesto se vuoi usare `FileResponse` o `StaticFiles`. +* jinja2 - Richiesto se vuoi usare la configurazione template di default. +* python-multipart - Richiesto se vuoi supportare il "parsing" con `request.form()`. +* itsdangerous - Richiesto per usare `SessionMiddleware`. +* pyyaml - Richiesto per il supporto dello `SchemaGenerator` di Starlette (probabilmente non ti serve con FastAPI). +* graphene - Richiesto per il supporto di `GraphQLApp`. +* ujson - Richiesto se vuoi usare `UJSONResponse`. -Used by FastAPI / Starlette: +Usate da FastAPI / Starlette: -* uvicorn - for the server that loads and serves your application. -* orjson - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`. +* uvicorn - per il server che carica e serve la tua applicazione. +* orjson - ichiesto se vuoi usare `ORJSONResponse`. -You can install all of these with `pip install fastapi[all]`. +Puoi installarle tutte con `pip install fastapi[all]`. -## License +## Licenza -This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license. +Questo progetto è concesso in licenza in base ai termini della licenza MIT. diff --git a/docs/it/mkdocs.yml b/docs/it/mkdocs.yml index f16210608..de18856f4 100644 --- a/docs/it/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/it/mkdocs.yml @@ -1,128 +1 @@ -site_name: FastAPI -site_description: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production -site_url: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/it/ -theme: - name: material - custom_dir: overrides - palette: - - scheme: default - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb - name: Switch to light mode - - scheme: slate - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb-outline - name: Switch to dark mode - features: - - search.suggest - - search.highlight - - content.tabs.link - icon: - repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - logo: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/icon-white.svg - favicon: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png - language: it -repo_name: tiangolo/fastapi -repo_url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi -edit_uri: '' -google_analytics: -- UA-133183413-1 -- auto -plugins: -- search -- markdownextradata: - data: data -nav: -- FastAPI: index.md -- Languages: - - en: / - - az: /az/ - - de: /de/ - - es: /es/ - - fr: /fr/ - - id: /id/ - - it: /it/ - - ja: /ja/ - - ko: /ko/ - - pl: /pl/ - - pt: /pt/ - - ru: /ru/ - - sq: /sq/ - - tr: /tr/ - - uk: /uk/ - - zh: /zh/ -markdown_extensions: -- toc: - permalink: true -- markdown.extensions.codehilite: - guess_lang: false -- mdx_include: - base_path: docs -- admonition -- codehilite -- extra -- pymdownx.superfences: - custom_fences: - - name: mermaid - class: mermaid - format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' -- pymdownx.tabbed -extra: - social: - - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/discord - link: https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf - - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter - link: https://twitter.com/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin - link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/dev - link: https://dev.to/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/medium - link: https://medium.com/@tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/solid/globe - link: https://tiangolo.com - alternate: - - link: / - name: en - English - - link: /az/ - name: az - - link: /de/ - name: de - - link: /es/ - name: es - español - - link: /fr/ - name: fr - français - - link: /id/ - name: id - - link: /it/ - name: it - italiano - - link: /ja/ - name: ja - 日本語 - - link: /ko/ - name: ko - 한국어 - - link: /pl/ - name: pl - - link: /pt/ - name: pt - português - - link: /ru/ - name: ru - русский язык - - link: /sq/ - name: sq - shqip - - link: /tr/ - name: tr - Türkçe - - link: /uk/ - name: uk - українська мова - - link: /zh/ - name: zh - 汉语 -extra_css: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/termynal.css -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/custom.css -extra_javascript: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/termynal.js -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/custom.js +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md b/docs/ja/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md index 6c03cd92b..d1f8e6451 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ これを達成するには、 `JSONResponse` をインポートし、 `status_code` を設定して直接内容を返します。 -```Python hl_lines="4 23" +```Python hl_lines="4 25" {!../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py!} ``` diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/advanced/index.md b/docs/ja/docs/advanced/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0732fc405 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/advanced/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# 高度なユーザーガイド + +## さらなる機能 + +[チュートリアル - ユーザーガイド](../tutorial/){.internal-link target=_blank}により、**FastAPI**の主要な機能は十分に理解できたことでしょう。 + +以降のセクションでは、チュートリアルでは説明しきれなかったオプションや設定、および機能について説明します。 + +!!! tip "豆知識" + 以降のセクションは、 **必ずしも"応用編"ではありません**。 + + ユースケースによっては、その中から解決策を見つけられるかもしれません。 + +## 先にチュートリアルを読む + +[チュートリアル - ユーザーガイド](../tutorial/){.internal-link target=_blank}の知識があれば、**FastAPI**の主要な機能を利用することができます。 + +以降のセクションは、すでにチュートリアルを読んで、その主要なアイデアを理解できていることを前提としています。 + +## テスト駆動開発のコース + +このセクションの内容を補完するために脱初心者用コースを受けたい場合は、**TestDriven.io**による、Test-Driven Development with FastAPI and Dockerを確認するのがよいかもしれません。 + +現在、このコースで得られた利益の10%が**FastAPI**の開発のために寄付されています。🎉 😄 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/advanced/nosql-databases.md b/docs/ja/docs/advanced/nosql-databases.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fbd76e96b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/advanced/nosql-databases.md @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ +# NoSQL (分散 / ビッグデータ) Databases + +**FastAPI** はあらゆる NoSQLと統合することもできます。 + +ここではドキュメントベースのNoSQLデータベースである**Couchbase**を使用した例を見てみましょう。 + +他にもこれらのNoSQLデータベースを利用することが出来ます: + +* **MongoDB** +* **Cassandra** +* **CouchDB** +* **ArangoDB** +* **ElasticSearch** など。 + +!!! tip "豆知識" + **FastAPI**と**Couchbase**を使った公式プロジェクト・ジェネレータがあります。すべて**Docker**ベースで、フロントエンドやその他のツールも含まれています: https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-couchbase + +## Couchbase コンポーネントの Import + +まずはImportしましょう。今はその他のソースコードに注意を払う必要はありません。 + +```Python hl_lines="3-5" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## "document type" として利用する定数の定義 + +documentで利用する固定の`type`フィールドを用意しておきます。 + +これはCouchbaseで必須ではありませんが、後々の助けになるベストプラクティスです。 + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## `Bucket` を取得する関数の追加 + +**Couchbase**では、bucketはdocumentのセットで、様々な種類のものがあります。 + +Bucketは通常、同一のアプリケーション内で互いに関係を持っています。 + +リレーショナルデータベースの世界でいう"database"(データベースサーバではなく特定のdatabase)と類似しています。 + +**MongoDB** で例えると"collection"と似た概念です。 + +次のコードでは主に `Bucket` を利用してCouchbaseを操作します。 + +この関数では以下の処理を行います: + +* **Couchbase** クラスタ(1台の場合もあるでしょう)に接続 + * タイムアウトのデフォルト値を設定 +* クラスタで認証を取得 +* `Bucket` インスタンスを取得 + * タイムアウトのデフォルト値を設定 +* 作成した`Bucket`インスタンスを返却 + +```Python hl_lines="12-21" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## Pydantic モデルの作成 + +**Couchbase**のdocumentは実際には単にJSONオブジェクトなのでPydanticを利用してモデルに出来ます。 + +### `User` モデル + +まずは`User`モデルを作成してみましょう: + +```Python hl_lines="24-28" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +このモデルは*path operation*に使用するので`hashed_password`は含めません。 + +### `UserInDB` モデル + +それでは`UserInDB`モデルを作成しましょう。 + +こちらは実際にデータベースに保存されるデータを保持します。 + +`User`モデルの持つ全ての属性に加えていくつかの属性を追加するのでPydanticの`BaseModel`を継承せずに`User`のサブクラスとして定義します: + +```Python hl_lines="31-33" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "備考" + データベースに保存される`hashed_password`と`type`フィールドを`UserInDB`モデルに保持させていることに注意してください。 + + しかしこれらは(*path operation*で返却する)一般的な`User`モデルには含まれません + +## user の取得 + +それでは次の関数を作成しましょう: + +* username を取得する +* username を利用してdocumentのIDを生成する +* 作成したIDでdocumentを取得する +* documentの内容を`UserInDB`モデルに設定する + +*path operation関数*とは別に、`username`(またはその他のパラメータ)からuserを取得することだけに特化した関数を作成することで、より簡単に複数の部分で再利用したりユニットテストを追加することができます。 + +```Python hl_lines="36-42" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### f-strings + +`f"userprofile::{username}"` という記載に馴染みがありませんか？これは Python の"f-string"と呼ばれるものです。 + +f-stringの`{}`の中に入れられた変数は、文字列の中に展開/注入されます。 + +### `dict` アンパック + +`UserInDB(**result.value)`という記載に馴染みがありませんか？これは`dict`の"アンパック"と呼ばれるものです。 + +これは`result.value`の`dict`からそのキーと値をそれぞれ取りキーワード引数として`UserInDB`に渡します。 + +例えば`dict`が下記のようになっていた場合: + +```Python +{ + "username": "johndoe", + "hashed_password": "some_hash", +} +``` + +`UserInDB`には次のように渡されます: + +```Python +UserInDB(username="johndoe", hashed_password="some_hash") +``` + +## **FastAPI** コードの実装 + +### `FastAPI` app の作成 + +```Python hl_lines="46" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### *path operation関数*の作成 + +私たちのコードはCouchbaseを呼び出しており、実験的なPython awaitを使用していないので、私たちは`async def`ではなく通常の`def`で関数を宣言する必要があります。 + +また、Couchbaseは単一の`Bucket`オブジェクトを複数のスレッドで使用しないことを推奨していますので、単に直接Bucketを取得して関数に渡すことが出来ます。 + +```Python hl_lines="49-53" +{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## まとめ + +他のサードパーティ製のNoSQLデータベースを利用する場合でも、そのデータベースの標準ライブラリを利用するだけで利用できます。 + +他の外部ツール、システム、APIについても同じことが言えます。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/advanced/websockets.md b/docs/ja/docs/advanced/websockets.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..65e4112a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/advanced/websockets.md @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +# WebSocket + +**FastAPI**でWebSocketが使用できます。 + +## `WebSockets`のインストール + +まず `WebSockets`のインストールが必要です。 + +
+ +```console +$ pip install websockets + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +## WebSocket クライアント + +### 本番環境 + +本番環境では、React、Vue.js、Angularなどの最新のフレームワークで作成されたフロントエンドを使用しているでしょう。 + +そして、バックエンドとWebSocketを使用して通信するために、おそらくフロントエンドのユーティリティを使用することになるでしょう。 + +または、ネイティブコードでWebSocketバックエンドと直接通信するネイティブモバイルアプリケーションがあるかもしれません。 + +他にも、WebSocketのエンドポイントと通信する方法があるかもしれません。 + +--- + +ただし、この例では非常にシンプルなHTML文書といくつかのJavaScriptを、すべてソースコードの中に入れて使用することにします。 + +もちろん、これは最適な方法ではありませんし、本番環境で使うことはないでしょう。 + +本番環境では、上記の方法のいずれかの選択肢を採用することになるでしょう。 + +しかし、これはWebSocketのサーバーサイドに焦点を当て、実用的な例を示す最も簡単な方法です。 + +```Python hl_lines="2 6-38 41-43" +{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## `websocket` を作成する + +**FastAPI** アプリケーションで、`websocket` を作成します。 + +```Python hl_lines="1 46-47" +{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "技術詳細" + `from starlette.websockets import WebSocket` を使用しても構いません. + + **FastAPI** は開発者の利便性のために、同じ `WebSocket` を提供します。しかし、こちらはStarletteから直接提供されるものです。 + +## メッセージの送受信 + +WebSocketルートでは、 `await` を使ってメッセージの送受信ができます。 + +```Python hl_lines="48-52" +{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +バイナリやテキストデータ、JSONデータを送受信できます。 + +## 試してみる + +ファイル名が `main.py` である場合、以下の方法でアプリケーションを実行します。 + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +ブラウザで http://127.0.0.1:8000 を開きます。 + +次のようなシンプルなページが表示されます。 + + + +入力ボックスにメッセージを入力して送信できます。 + + + +そして、 WebSocketを使用した**FastAPI**アプリケーションが応答します。 + + + +複数のメッセージを送信（および受信）できます。 + + + +そして、これらの通信はすべて同じWebSocket接続を使用します。 + +## 依存関係 + +WebSocketエンドポイントでは、`fastapi` から以下をインポートして使用できます。 + +* `Depends` +* `Security` +* `Cookie` +* `Header` +* `Path` +* `Query` + +これらは、他のFastAPI エンドポイント/*path operation* の場合と同じように機能します。 + +```Python hl_lines="58-65 68-83" +{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +!!! info "情報" + WebSocket で `HTTPException` を発生させることはあまり意味がありません。したがって、WebSocketの接続を直接閉じる方がよいでしょう。 + + クロージングコードは、仕様で定義された有効なコードの中から使用することができます。 + + 将来的には、どこからでも `raise` できる `WebSocketException` が用意され、専用の例外ハンドラを追加できるようになる予定です。これは、Starlette の PR #527 に依存するものです。 + +### 依存関係を用いてWebSocketsを試してみる + +ファイル名が `main.py` である場合、以下の方法でアプリケーションを実行します。 + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +ブラウザで http://127.0.0.1:8000 を開きます。 + +クライアントが設定できる項目は以下の通りです。 + +* パスで使用される「Item ID」 +* クエリパラメータとして使用される「Token」 + +!!! tip "豆知識" + クエリ `token` は依存パッケージによって処理されることに注意してください。 + +これにより、WebSocketに接続してメッセージを送受信できます。 + + + +## 切断や複数クライアントへの対応 + +WebSocket接続が閉じられると、 `await websocket.receive_text()` は例外 `WebSocketDisconnect` を発生させ、この例のようにキャッチして処理することができます。 + +```Python hl_lines="81-83" +{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +試してみるには、 + +* いくつかのブラウザタブでアプリを開きます。 +* それらのタブでメッセージを記入してください。 +* そして、タブのうち1つを閉じてください。 + +これにより例外 `WebSocketDisconnect` が発生し、他のすべてのクライアントは次のようなメッセージを受信します。 + +``` +Client #1596980209979 left the chat +``` + +!!! tip "豆知識" + 上記のアプリは、複数の WebSocket 接続に対してメッセージを処理し、ブロードキャストする方法を示すための最小限のシンプルな例です。 + + しかし、すべての接続がメモリ内の単一のリストで処理されるため、プロセスの実行中にのみ機能し、単一のプロセスでのみ機能することに注意してください。 + + もしFastAPIと簡単に統合できて、RedisやPostgreSQLなどでサポートされている、より堅牢なものが必要なら、encode/broadcaster を確認してください。 + +## その他のドキュメント + +オプションの詳細については、Starletteのドキュメントを確認してください。 + +* `WebSocket` クラス +* クラスベースのWebSocket処理 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/alternatives.md b/docs/ja/docs/alternatives.md index 27e3c8846..ca6b29a07 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/alternatives.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/alternatives.md @@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ Flask、Flask-apispec、Marshmallow、Webargsの組み合わせは、**FastAPI** * https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack * https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchbase -* https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchdb +* https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchdb そして、これらのフルスタックジェネレーターは、[**FastAPI** Project Generators](project-generation.md){.internal-link target=_blank}の元となっていました。 @@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ OpenAPIやJSON Schemaのような標準に基づいたものではありませ HugはAPIStarに部分的なインスピレーションを与えており、私が発見した中ではAPIStarと同様に最も期待の持てるツールの一つでした。 Hugは、**FastAPI**がPythonの型ヒントを用いてパラメータを宣言し自動的にAPIを定義するスキーマを生成することを触発しました。 - + Hugは、**FastAPI**がヘッダーやクッキーを設定するために関数に `response`引数を宣言することにインスピレーションを与えました。 ### APIStar (<= 0.5) diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/async.md b/docs/ja/docs/async.md index eff4f2f43..8fac2cb38 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/async.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/async.md @@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ async def read_burgers(): この部分は**FastAPI**の仕組みに関する非常に技術的な詳細です。 かなりの技術知識 (コルーチン、スレッド、ブロッキングなど) があり、FastAPIが `async def` と通常の `def` をどのように処理するか知りたい場合は、先に進んでください。 - + ### Path operation 関数 *path operation 関数*を `async def` の代わりに通常の `def` で宣言すると、(サーバーをブロックするので) 直接呼び出す代わりに外部スレッドプール (awaitされる) で実行されます。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/contributing.md b/docs/ja/docs/contributing.md index 07e53eeb7..31db51c52 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/contributing.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/contributing.md @@ -88,62 +88,29 @@ $ python -m venv env !!! tip "豆知識" この環境で`pip`を使って新しいパッケージをインストールするたびに、仮想環境を再度有効化します。 - これにより、そのパッケージによってインストールされたターミナルのプログラム (`flit`など) を使用する場合、ローカル環境のものを使用し、グローバルにインストールされたものは使用されなくなります。 + これにより、そのパッケージによってインストールされたターミナルのプログラム を使用する場合、ローカル環境のものを使用し、グローバルにインストールされたものは使用されなくなります。 -### Flit +### pip -**FastAPI**はFlit を使って、ビルド、パッケージ化、公開します。 - -上記のように環境を有効化した後、`flit`をインストールします: +上記のように環境を有効化した後:
```console -$ pip install flit +$ pip install -r requirements.txt ---> 100% ```
- -次に、環境を再び有効化して、インストールしたばかりの`flit` (グローバルではない) を使用していることを確認します。 - -そして、`flit`を使用して開発のための依存関係をインストールします: - -=== "Linux, macOS" - -
- - ```console - $ flit install --deps develop --symlink - - ---> 100% - ``` - -
- -=== "Windows" - - Windowsユーザーは、`--symlink`のかわりに`--pth-file`を使用します: - -
- - ```console - $ flit install --deps develop --pth-file - - ---> 100% - ``` - -
- これで、すべての依存関係とFastAPIを、ローカル環境にインストールします。 #### ローカル環境でFastAPIを使う FastAPIをインポートして使用するPythonファイルを作成し、ローカル環境で実行すると、ローカルのFastAPIソースコードが使用されます。 -そして、`--symlink` (Windowsでは` --pth-file`) でインストールされているローカルのFastAPIソースコードを更新した場合、そのPythonファイルを再度実行すると、更新したばかりの新しいバージョンのFastAPIが使用されます。 +そして、`-e` でインストールされているローカルのFastAPIソースコードを更新した場合、そのPythonファイルを再度実行すると、更新したばかりの新しいバージョンのFastAPIが使用されます。 これにより、ローカルバージョンを「インストール」しなくても、すべての変更をテストできます。 @@ -161,7 +128,7 @@ $ bash scripts/format.sh また、すべてのインポートを自動でソートします。 -正しく並べ替えるには、上記セクションのコマンドで `--symlink` (Windowsの場合は` --pth-file`) を使い、FastAPIをローカル環境にインストールしている必要があります。 +正しく並べ替えるには、上記セクションのコマンドで `-e` を使い、FastAPIをローカル環境にインストールしている必要があります。 ### インポートの整形 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/deployment/concepts.md b/docs/ja/docs/deployment/concepts.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..38cbca219 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/deployment/concepts.md @@ -0,0 +1,323 @@ +# デプロイメントのコンセプト + +**FastAPI**を用いたアプリケーションをデプロイするとき、もしくはどのようなタイプのWeb APIであっても、おそらく気になるコンセプトがいくつかあります。 + +それらを活用することでアプリケーションを**デプロイするための最適な方法**を見つけることができます。 + +重要なコンセプトのいくつかを紹介します: + +* セキュリティ - HTTPS +* 起動時の実行 +* 再起動 +* レプリケーション（実行中のプロセス数） +* メモリー +* 開始前の事前のステップ + +これらが**デプロイメント**にどのような影響を与えるかを見ていきましょう。 + +最終的な目的は、**安全な方法で**APIクライアントに**サービスを提供**し、**中断を回避**するだけでなく、**計算リソース**（例えばリモートサーバー/仮想マシン）を可能な限り効率的に使用することです。🚀 + +この章では前述した**コンセプト**についてそれぞれ説明します。 + +この説明を通して、普段とは非常に異なる環境や存在しないであろう**将来の**環境に対し、デプロイの方法を決める上で必要な**直感**を与えてくれることを願っています。 + +これらのコンセプトを意識することにより、**あなた自身のAPI**をデプロイするための最適な方法を**評価**し、**設計**することができるようになるでしょう。 + +次の章では、FastAPIアプリケーションをデプロイするための**具体的なレシピ**を紹介します。 + +しかし、今はこれらの重要な**コンセプトに基づくアイデア**を確認しましょう。これらのコンセプトは、他のどのタイプのWeb APIにも当てはまります。💡 + +## セキュリティ - HTTPS + + +[前チャプターのHTTPSについて](./https.md){.internal-link target=_blank}では、HTTPSがどのようにAPIを暗号化するのかについて学びました。 + +通常、アプリケーションサーバにとって**外部の**コンポーネントである**TLS Termination Proxy**によって提供されることが一般的です。このプロキシは通信の暗号化を担当します。 + +さらにセキュアな通信において、HTTPS証明書の定期的な更新を行いますが、これはTLS Termination Proxyと同じコンポーネントが担当することもあれば、別のコンポーネントが担当することもあります。 + +### HTTPS 用ツールの例 +TLS Termination Proxyとして使用できるツールには以下のようなものがあります： + +* Traefik + * 証明書の更新を自動的に処理 ✨ +* Caddy + * 証明書の更新を自動的に処理 ✨ +* Nginx + * 証明書更新のためにCertbotのような外部コンポーネントを使用 +* HAProxy + * 証明書更新のためにCertbotのような外部コンポーネントを使用 +* Nginx のような Ingress Controller を持つ Kubernetes + * 証明書の更新に cert-manager のような外部コンポーネントを使用 +* クラウド・プロバイダーがサービスの一部として内部的に処理（下記を参照👇） + +もう1つの選択肢は、HTTPSのセットアップを含んだより多くの作業を行う**クラウド・サービス**を利用することです。 このサービスには制限があったり、料金が高くなったりする可能性があります。しかしその場合、TLS Termination Proxyを自分でセットアップする必要はないです。 + +次の章で具体例をいくつか紹介します。 + +--- + +次に考慮すべきコンセプトは、実際のAPIを実行するプログラム（例：Uvicorn）に関連するものすべてです。 + +## プログラム と プロセス + +私たちは「**プロセス**」という言葉についてたくさん話すので、その意味や「**プログラム**」という言葉との違いを明確にしておくと便利です。 + +### プログラムとは何か + +**プログラム**という言葉は、一般的にいろいろなものを表現するのに使われます： + +* プログラマが書く**コード**、**Pythonファイル** +* OSによって実行することができるファイル（例: `python`, `python.exe` or `uvicorn`） +* OS上で**実行**している間、CPUを使用し、メモリ上に何かを保存する特定のプログラム（**プロセス**とも呼ばれる） + +### プロセスとは何か + +**プロセス**という言葉は通常、より具体的な意味で使われ、OSで実行されているものだけを指します（先ほどの最後の説明のように）： + +* OS上で**実行**している特定のプログラム + * これはファイルやコードを指すのではなく、OSによって**実行**され、管理されているものを指します。 +* どんなプログラムやコードも、それが**実行されているときにだけ機能**します。つまり、**プロセスとして実行されているときだけ**です。 +* プロセスは、ユーザーにあるいはOSによって、 **終了**（あるいは "kill"）させることができます。その時点で、プロセスは実行/実行されることを停止し、それ以降は**何もできなくなります**。 +* コンピュータで実行されている各アプリケーションは、実行中のプログラムや各ウィンドウなど、その背後にいくつかのプロセスを持っています。そして通常、コンピュータが起動している間、**多くのプロセスが**同時に実行されています。 +* **同じプログラム**の**複数のプロセス**が同時に実行されていることがあります。 + +OSの「タスク・マネージャー」や「システム・モニター」（または同様のツール）を確認すれば、これらのプロセスの多くが実行されているの見ることができるでしょう。 + +例えば、同じブラウザプログラム（Firefox、Chrome、Edgeなど）を実行しているプロセスが複数あることがわかります。通常、1つのタブにつき1つのプロセスが実行され、さらに他のプロセスも実行されます。 + + + +--- + +さて、**プロセス**と**プログラム**という用語の違いを確認したところで、デプロイメントについて話を続けます。 + +## 起動時の実行 + +ほとんどの場合、Web APIを作成するときは、クライアントがいつでもアクセスできるように、**常に**中断されることなく**実行される**ことを望みます。もちろん、特定の状況でのみ実行させたい特別な理由がある場合は別ですが、その時間のほとんどは、常に実行され、**利用可能**であることを望みます。 + +### リモートサーバー上での実行 + +リモートサーバー（クラウドサーバー、仮想マシンなど）をセットアップするときにできる最も簡単なことは、ローカルで開発するときと同じように、Uvicorn（または同様のもの）を手動で実行することです。 この方法は**開発中**には役に立つと思われます。 + +しかし、サーバーへの接続が切れた場合、**実行中のプロセス**はおそらくダウンしてしまうでしょう。 + +そしてサーバーが再起動された場合（アップデートやクラウドプロバイダーからのマイグレーションの後など）、おそらくあなたはそれに**気づかないでしょう**。そのため、プロセスを手動で再起動しなければならないことすら気づかないでしょう。つまり、APIはダウンしたままなのです。😱 + +### 起動時に自動的に実行 + +一般的に、サーバープログラム（Uvicornなど）はサーバー起動時に自動的に開始され、**人の介入**を必要とせずに、APIと一緒にプロセスが常に実行されるようにしたいと思われます（UvicornがFastAPIアプリを実行するなど）。 + +### 別のプログラムの用意 + +これを実現するために、通常は**別のプログラム**を用意し、起動時にアプリケーションが実行されるようにします。そして多くの場合、他のコンポーネントやアプリケーション、例えばデータベースも実行されるようにします。 + +### 起動時に実行するツールの例 + +実行するツールの例をいくつか挙げます: + +* Docker +* Kubernetes +* Docker Compose +* Swarm モードによる Docker +* Systemd +* Supervisor +* クラウドプロバイダーがサービスの一部として内部的に処理 +* そのほか... + +次の章で、より具体的な例を挙げていきます。 + +## 再起動 + +起動時にアプリケーションが実行されることを確認するのと同様に、失敗後にアプリケーションが**再起動**されることも確認したいと思われます。 + +### 我々は間違いを犯す + +私たち人間は常に**間違い**を犯します。ソフトウェアには、ほとんど常に**バグ**があらゆる箇所に隠されています。🐛 + +### 小さなエラーは自動的に処理される + +FastAPIでWeb APIを構築する際に、コードにエラーがある場合、FastAPIは通常、エラーを引き起こした単一のリクエストにエラーを含めます。🛡 + +クライアントはそのリクエストに対して**500 Internal Server Error**を受け取りますが、アプリケーションは完全にクラッシュするのではなく、次のリクエストのために動作を続けます。 + +### 重大なエラー - クラッシュ + +しかしながら、**アプリケーション全体をクラッシュさせるようなコードを書いて**UvicornとPythonをクラッシュさせるようなケースもあるかもしれません。💥 + +それでも、ある箇所でエラーが発生したからといって、アプリケーションを停止させたままにしたくないでしょう。 少なくとも壊れていない*パスオペレーション*については、**実行し続けたい**はずです。 + +### クラッシュ後の再起動 + +しかし、実行中の**プロセス**をクラッシュさせるような本当にひどいエラーの場合、少なくとも2〜3回ほどプロセスを**再起動**させる外部コンポーネントが必要でしょう。 + +!!! tip + ...とはいえ、アプリケーション全体が**すぐにクラッシュする**のであれば、いつまでも再起動し続けるのは意味がないでしょう。しかし、その場合はおそらく開発中か少なくともデプロイ直後に気づくと思われます。 + + そこで、**将来**クラッシュする可能性があり、それでも再スタートさせることに意味があるような、主なケースに焦点を当ててみます。 + +あなたはおそらく**外部コンポーネント**がアプリケーションの再起動を担当することを望むと考えます。 なぜなら、その時点でUvicornとPythonを使った同じアプリケーションはすでにクラッシュしており、同じアプリケーションの同じコードに対して何もできないためです。 + +### 自動的に再起動するツールの例 + +ほとんどの場合、前述した**起動時にプログラムを実行する**ために使用されるツールは、自動で**再起動**することにも利用されます。 + +例えば、次のようなものがあります： + +* Docker +* Kubernetes +* Docker Compose +* Swarm モードによる Docker +* Systemd +* Supervisor +* クラウドプロバイダーがサービスの一部として内部的に処理 +* そのほか... + +## レプリケーション - プロセスとメモリー + +FastAPI アプリケーションでは、Uvicorn のようなサーバープログラムを使用し、**1つのプロセス**で1度に複数のクライアントに同時に対応できます。 + +しかし、多くの場合、複数のワーカー・プロセスを同時に実行したいと考えるでしょう。 + +### 複数のプロセス - Worker + +クライアントの数が単一のプロセスで処理できる数を超えており（たとえば仮想マシンがそれほど大きくない場合）、かつサーバーの CPU に**複数のコア**がある場合、同じアプリケーションで同時に**複数のプロセス**を実行させ、すべてのリクエストを分散させることができます。 + +同じAPIプログラムの**複数のプロセス**を実行する場合、それらは一般的に**Worker／ワーカー**と呼ばれます。 + +### ワーカー・プロセス と ポート + + +[HTTPSについて](./https.md){.internal-link target=_blank}のドキュメントで、1つのサーバーで1つのポートとIPアドレスの組み合わせでリッスンできるのは1つのプロセスだけであることを覚えていますでしょうか？ + +これはいまだに同じです。 + +そのため、**複数のプロセス**を同時に持つには**ポートでリッスンしている単一のプロセス**が必要であり、それが何らかの方法で各ワーカー・プロセスに通信を送信することが求められます。 + +### プロセスあたりのメモリー + +さて、プログラムがメモリにロードする際には、例えば機械学習モデルや大きなファイルの内容を変数に入れたりする場合では、**サーバーのメモリ（RAM）**を少し消費します。 + +そして複数のプロセスは通常、**メモリを共有しません**。これは、実行中の各プロセスがそれぞれ独自の変数やメモリ等を持っていることを意味します。つまり、コード内で大量のメモリを消費している場合、**各プロセス**は同等の量のメモリを消費することになります。 + +### サーバーメモリー + +例えば、あなたのコードが **1GBのサイズの機械学習モデル**をロードする場合、APIで1つのプロセスを実行すると、少なくとも1GBのRAMを消費します。 + +また、**4つのプロセス**（4つのワーカー）を起動すると、それぞれが1GBのRAMを消費します。つまり、合計でAPIは**4GBのRAM**を消費することになります。 + +リモートサーバーや仮想マシンのRAMが3GBしかない場合、4GB以上のRAMをロードしようとすると問題が発生します。🚨 + +### 複数プロセス - 例 + +この例では、2つの**ワーカー・プロセス**を起動し制御する**マネージャー・ プロセス**があります。 + +このマネージャー・ プロセスは、おそらくIPの**ポート**でリッスンしているものです。そして、すべての通信をワーカー・プロセスに転送します。 + +これらのワーカー・プロセスは、アプリケーションを実行するものであり、**リクエスト**を受けて**レスポンス**を返すための主要な計算を行い、あなたが変数に入れたものは何でもRAMにロードします。 + + + +そしてもちろん、同じマシンでは、あなたのアプリケーションとは別に、**他のプロセス**も実行されているでしょう。 + +興味深いことに、各プロセスが使用する**CPU**の割合は時間とともに大きく**変動**する可能性がありますが、**メモリ（RAM）**は通常、多かれ少なかれ**安定**します。 + +毎回同程度の計算を行うAPIがあり、多くのクライアントがいるのであれば、**CPU使用率**もおそらく**安定**するでしょう（常に急激に上下するのではなく）。 + +### レプリケーション・ツールと戦略の例 + +これを実現するにはいくつかのアプローチがありますが、具体的な戦略については次の章(Dockerやコンテナの章など)で詳しく説明します。 + +考慮すべき主な制約は、**パブリックIP**の**ポート**を処理する**単一の**コンポーネントが存在しなければならないということです。 + +そして、レプリケートされた**プロセス/ワーカー**に通信を**送信**する方法を持つ必要があります。 + +考えられる組み合わせと戦略をいくつか紹介します： + +* **Gunicorn**が**Uvicornワーカー**を管理 + * Gunicornは**IP**と**ポート**をリッスンする**プロセスマネージャ**で、レプリケーションは**複数のUvicornワーカー・プロセス**を持つことによって行われる。 +* **Uvicorn**が**Uvicornワーカー**を管理 + * 1つのUvicornの**プロセスマネージャー**が**IP**と**ポート**をリッスンし、**複数のUvicornワーカー・プロセス**を起動する。 +* **Kubernetes**やその他の分散**コンテナ・システム** + * **Kubernetes**レイヤーの何かが**IP**と**ポート**をリッスンする。レプリケーションは、**複数のコンテナ**にそれぞれ**1つのUvicornプロセス**を実行させることで行われる。 +* **クラウド・サービス**によるレプリケーション + * クラウド・サービスはおそらく**あなたのためにレプリケーションを処理**します。**実行するプロセス**や使用する**コンテナイメージ**を定義できるかもしれませんが、いずれにせよ、それはおそらく**単一のUvicornプロセス**であり、クラウドサービスはそのレプリケーションを担当するでしょう。 + +!!! tip + これらの**コンテナ**やDockerそしてKubernetesに関する項目が、まだあまり意味をなしていなくても心配しないでください。 + + + コンテナ・イメージ、Docker、Kubernetesなどについては、次の章で詳しく説明します: [コンテナ内のFastAPI - Docker](./docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## 開始前の事前のステップ + +アプリケーションを**開始する前**に、いくつかのステップを実行したい場合が多くあります。 + +例えば、**データベース・マイグレーション** を実行したいかもしれません。 + +しかしほとんどの場合、これらの手順を**1度**に実行したいと考えるでしょう。 + +そのため、アプリケーションを開始する前の**事前のステップ**を実行する**単一のプロセス**を用意したいと思われます。 + +そして、それらの事前のステップを実行しているのが単一のプロセスであることを確認する必要があります。このことはその後アプリケーション自体のために**複数のプロセス**（複数のワーカー）を起動した場合も同様です。 + +これらのステップが**複数のプロセス**によって実行された場合、**並列**に実行されることによって作業が**重複**することになります。そして、もしそのステップがデータベースのマイグレーションのような繊細なものであった場合、互いに競合を引き起こす可能性があります。 + +もちろん、事前のステップを何度も実行しても問題がない場合もあり、その際は対処がかなり楽になります。 + +!!! tip + また、セットアップによっては、アプリケーションを開始する前の**事前のステップ**が必要ない場合もあることを覚えておいてください。 + + その場合は、このようなことを心配する必要はないです。🤷 + +### 事前ステップの戦略例 + +これは**システムを**デプロイする方法に**大きく依存**するだろうし、おそらくプログラムの起動方法や再起動の処理などにも関係してくるでしょう。 + +考えられるアイデアをいくつか挙げてみます： + +* アプリコンテナの前に実行されるKubernetesのInitコンテナ +* 事前のステップを実行し、アプリケーションを起動するbashスクリプト + * 利用するbashスクリプトを起動／再起動したり、エラーを検出したりする方法は以前として必要になるでしょう。 + +!!! tip + + コンテナを使った具体的な例については、次の章で紹介します: [コンテナ内のFastAPI - Docker](./docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## リソースの利用 + +あなたのサーバーは**リソース**であり、プログラムを実行しCPUの計算時間や利用可能なRAMメモリを消費または**利用**することができます。 + +システムリソースをどれくらい消費／利用したいですか？ 「少ない方が良い」と考えるのは簡単かもしれないですが、実際には、**クラッシュせずに可能な限り**最大限に活用したいでしょう。 + +3台のサーバーにお金を払っているにも関わらず、そのRAMとCPUを少ししか使っていないとしたら、おそらく**お金を無駄にしている** 💸、おそらく**サーバーの電力を無駄にしている** 🌎ことになるでしょう。 + +その場合は、サーバーを2台だけにして、そのリソース（CPU、メモリ、ディスク、ネットワーク帯域幅など）をより高い割合で使用する方がよいでしょう。 + +一方、2台のサーバーがあり、そのCPUとRAMの**100%を使用している**場合、ある時点で1つのプロセスがより多くのメモリを要求し、サーバーはディスクを「メモリ」として使用しないといけません。（何千倍も遅くなる可能性があります。） +もしくは**クラッシュ**することもあれば、あるいはあるプロセスが何らかの計算をする必要があり、そしてCPUが再び空くまで待たなければならないかもしれません。 + +この場合、**1つ余分なサーバー**を用意し、その上でいくつかのプロセスを実行し、すべてのサーバーが**十分なRAMとCPU時間を持つようにする**のがよいでしょう。 + +また、何らかの理由でAPIの利用が急増する可能性もあります。もしかしたらそれが流行ったのかもしれないし、他のサービスやボットが使い始めたのかもしれないです。そのような場合に備えて、余分なリソースを用意しておくと安心でしょう。 + +例えば、リソース使用率の**50%から90%の範囲**で**任意の数字**をターゲットとすることができます。 + +重要なのは、デプロイメントを微調整するためにターゲットを設定し測定することが、おそらく使用したい主要な要素であることです。 + +`htop`のような単純なツールを使って、サーバーで使用されているCPUやRAM、あるいは各プロセスで使用されている量を見ることができます。あるいは、より複雑な監視ツールを使って、サーバに分散して使用することもできます。 + +## まとめ + +アプリケーションのデプロイ方法を決定する際に、考慮すべきであろう主要なコンセプトのいくつかを紹介していきました： + +* セキュリティ - HTTPS +* 起動時の実行 +* 再起動 +* レプリケーション（実行中のプロセス数） +* メモリー +* 開始前の事前ステップ + +これらの考え方とその適用方法を理解することで、デプロイメントを設定したり調整したりする際に必要な直感的な判断ができるようになるはずです。🤓 + +次のセクションでは、あなたが取り得る戦略について、より具体的な例を挙げます。🚀 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/deployment/deta.md b/docs/ja/docs/deployment/deta.md deleted file mode 100644 index 723f169a0..000000000 --- a/docs/ja/docs/deployment/deta.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,240 +0,0 @@ -# Deta にデプロイ - -このセクションでは、**FastAPI** アプリケーションを Deta の無料プランを利用して、簡単にデプロイする方法を学習します。🎁 - -所要時間は約**10分**です。 - -!!! info "備考" - Deta は **FastAPI** のスポンサーです。🎉 - -## ベーシックな **FastAPI** アプリ - -* アプリのためのディレクトリ (例えば `./fastapideta/`) を作成し、その中に入ってください。 - -### FastAPI のコード - -* 以下の `main.py` ファイルを作成してください: - -```Python -from fastapi import FastAPI - -app = FastAPI() - - -@app.get("/") -def read_root(): - return {"Hello": "World"} - - -@app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int): - return {"item_id": item_id} -``` - -### Requirements - -では、同じディレクトリに以下の `requirements.txt` ファイルを作成してください: - -```text -fastapi -``` - -!!! tip "豆知識" - アプリのローカルテストのために Uvicorn をインストールしたくなるかもしれませんが、Deta へのデプロイには不要です。 - -### ディレクトリ構造 - -以下の2つのファイルと1つの `./fastapideta/` ディレクトリがあるはずです: - -``` -. -└── main.py -└── requirements.txt -``` - -## Detaの無料アカウントの作成 - -それでは、Detaの無料アカウントを作成しましょう。必要なものはメールアドレスとパスワードだけです。 - -クレジットカードさえ必要ありません。 - -## CLIのインストール - -アカウントを取得したら、Deta CLI をインストールしてください: - -=== "Linux, macOS" - -
- - ```console - $ curl -fsSL https://get.deta.dev/cli.sh | sh - ``` - -
- -=== "Windows PowerShell" - -
- - ```console - $ iwr https://get.deta.dev/cli.ps1 -useb | iex - ``` - -
- -インストールしたら、インストールした CLI を有効にするために新たなターミナルを開いてください。 - -新たなターミナル上で、正しくインストールされたか確認します: - -
- -```console -$ deta --help - -Deta command line interface for managing deta micros. -Complete documentation available at https://docs.deta.sh - -Usage: - deta [flags] - deta [command] - -Available Commands: - auth Change auth settings for a deta micro - -... -``` - -
- -!!! tip "豆知識" - CLI のインストールに問題が発生した場合は、Deta 公式ドキュメントを参照してください。 - -## CLIでログイン - -CLI から Deta にログインしてみましょう: - -
- -```console -$ deta login - -Please, log in from the web page. Waiting.. -Logged in successfully. -``` - -
- -自動的にウェブブラウザが開いて、認証処理が行われます。 - -## Deta でデプロイ - -次に、アプリケーションを Deta CLIでデプロイしましょう: - -
- -```console -$ deta new - -Successfully created a new micro - -// Notice the "endpoint" 🔍 - -{ - "name": "fastapideta", - "runtime": "python3.7", - "endpoint": "https://qltnci.deta.dev", - "visor": "enabled", - "http_auth": "enabled" -} - -Adding dependencies... - - ----> 100% - - -Successfully installed fastapi-0.61.1 pydantic-1.7.2 starlette-0.13.6 -``` - -
- -次のようなJSONメッセージが表示されます: - -```JSON hl_lines="4" -{ - "name": "fastapideta", - "runtime": "python3.7", - "endpoint": "https://qltnci.deta.dev", - "visor": "enabled", - "http_auth": "enabled" -} -``` - -!!! tip "豆知識" - あなたのデプロイでは異なる `"endpoint"` URLが表示されるでしょう。 - -## 確認 - -それでは、`endpoint` URLをブラウザで開いてみましょう。上記の例では `https://qltnci.deta.dev` ですが、あなたのURLは異なるはずです。 - -FastAPIアプリから返ってきたJSONレスポンスが表示されます: - -```JSON -{ - "Hello": "World" -} -``` - -そして `/docs` へ移動してください。上記の例では、`https://qltnci.deta.dev/docs` です。 - -次のようなドキュメントが表示されます: - - - -## パブリックアクセスの有効化 - -デフォルトでは、Deta はクッキーを用いてアカウントの認証を行います。 - -しかし、準備が整えば、以下の様に公開できます: - -
- -```console -$ deta auth disable - -Successfully disabled http auth -``` - -
- -ここで、URLを共有するとAPIにアクセスできるようになります。🚀 - -## HTTPS - -おめでとうございます！あなたの FastAPI アプリが Deta へデプロイされました！🎉 🍰 - -また、DetaがHTTPSを正しく処理するため、その処理を行う必要がなく、クライアントは暗号化された安全な通信が利用できます。✅ 🔒 - -## Visor を確認 - -ドキュメントUI (`https://qltnci.deta.dev/docs` のようなURLにある) は *path operation* `/items/{item_id}` へリクエストを送ることができます。 - -ID `5` の例を示します。 - -まず、https://web.deta.sh へアクセスします。 - -左側に各アプリの 「Micros」 というセクションが表示されます。 - -また、「Details」や「Visor」タブが表示されています。「Visor」タブへ移動してください。 - -そこでアプリに送られた直近のリクエストが調べられます。 - -また、それらを編集してリプレイできます。 - - - -## さらに詳しく知る - -様々な箇所で永続的にデータを保存したくなるでしょう。そのためには Deta Base を使用できます。惜しみない **無料利用枠** もあります。 - -詳しくは Deta ドキュメントを参照してください。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/deployment/docker.md b/docs/ja/docs/deployment/docker.md index f10312b51..ca9dedc3c 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/deployment/docker.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/deployment/docker.md @@ -1,71 +1,157 @@ -# Dockerを使用したデプロイ +# コンテナ内のFastAPI - Docker -このセクションでは以下の使い方の紹介とガイドへのリンクが確認できます: +FastAPIアプリケーションをデプロイする場合、一般的なアプローチは**Linuxコンテナ・イメージ**をビルドすることです。 -* **5分**程度で、**FastAPI** のアプリケーションを、パフォーマンスを最大限に発揮するDockerイメージ (コンテナ)にする。 -* (オプション) 開発者として必要な範囲でHTTPSを理解する。 -* **20分**程度で、自動的なHTTPS生成とともにDockerのSwarmモード クラスタをセットアップする (月5ドルのシンプルなサーバー上で)。 -* **10分**程度で、DockerのSwarmモード クラスタを使って、HTTPSなどを使用した完全な**FastAPI** アプリケーションの作成とデプロイ。 +基本的には **Docker**を用いて行われます。生成されたコンテナ・イメージは、いくつかの方法のいずれかでデプロイできます。 -デプロイのために、**Docker** を利用できます。セキュリティ、再現性、開発のシンプルさなどに利点があります。 +Linuxコンテナの使用には、**セキュリティ**、**反復可能性（レプリカビリティ）**、**シンプリシティ**など、いくつかの利点があります。 -Dockerを使う場合、公式のDockerイメージが利用できます: +!!! tip + TODO: なぜか遷移できない + お急ぎで、すでにこれらの情報をご存じですか？ [以下の`Dockerfile`の箇所👇](#build-a-docker-image-for-fastapi)へジャンプしてください。 -## tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi - -このイメージは「自動チューニング」機構を含んでいます。犠牲を払うことなく、ただコードを加えるだけで自動的に高パフォーマンスを実現できます。 - -ただし、環境変数や設定ファイルを使って全ての設定の変更や更新を行えます。 - -!!! tip "豆知識" - 全ての設定とオプションを確認するには、Dockerイメージページを開いて下さい: tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi. - -## `Dockerfile` の作成 - -* プロジェクトディレクトリへ移動。 -* 以下の`Dockerfile` を作成: +
+Dockerfile プレビュー 👀 ```Dockerfile -FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.7 +FROM python:3.9 -COPY ./app /app -``` +WORKDIR /code -### より大きなアプリケーション +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt -[Bigger Applications with Multiple Files](tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank} セクションに倣う場合は、`Dockerfile` は上記の代わりに、以下の様になるかもしれません: +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt -```Dockerfile -FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.7 - -COPY ./app /app/app -``` - -### Raspberry Piなどのアーキテクチャ - -Raspberry Pi (ARMプロセッサ搭載)やそれ以外のアーキテクチャでDockerが作動している場合、(マルチアーキテクチャである) Pythonベースイメージを使って、一から`Dockerfile`を作成し、Uvicornを単体で使用できます。 - -この場合、`Dockerfile` は以下の様になるかもしれません: - -```Dockerfile -FROM python:3.7 - -RUN pip install fastapi uvicorn - -EXPOSE 80 - -COPY ./app /app +COPY ./app /code/app CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] + +# If running behind a proxy like Nginx or Traefik add --proxy-headers +# CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80", "--proxy-headers"] ``` -## **FastAPI** コードの作成 +
-* `app` ディレクトリを作成し、移動。 -* 以下の`main.py` ファイルを作成: +## コンテナとは何か + +コンテナ（主にLinuxコンテナ）は、同じシステム内の他のコンテナ（他のアプリケーションやコンポーネント）から隔離された状態を保ちながら、すべての依存関係や必要なファイルを含むアプリケーションをパッケージ化する非常に**軽量**な方法です。 + +Linuxコンテナは、ホスト（マシン、仮想マシン、クラウドサーバーなど）の同じLinuxカーネルを使用して実行されます。これは、（OS全体をエミュレートする完全な仮想マシンと比べて）非常に軽量であることを意味します。 + +このように、コンテナは**リソースをほとんど消費しません**が、プロセスを直接実行するのに匹敵する量です（仮想マシンはもっと消費します）。 + +コンテナはまた、独自の**分離された**実行プロセス（通常は1つのプロセスのみ）や、ファイルシステム、ネットワークを持ちます。 このことはデプロイ、セキュリティ、開発などを簡素化させます。 + +## コンテナ・イメージとは何か + +**コンテナ**は、**コンテナ・イメージ**から実行されます。 + +コンテナ・イメージは、コンテナ内に存在すべきすべてのファイルや環境変数、そしてデフォルトのコマンド/プログラムを**静的に**バージョン化したものです。 ここでの**静的**とは、コンテナ**イメージ**は実行されておらず、パッケージ化されたファイルとメタデータのみであることを意味します。 + +保存された静的コンテンツである「**コンテナイメージ**」とは対照的に、「**コンテナ**」は通常、実行中のインスタンス、つまり**実行**されているものを指します。 + +**コンテナ**が起動され実行されるとき（**コンテナイメージ**から起動されるとき）、ファイルや環境変数などが作成されたり変更されたりする可能性があります。 + +これらの変更はそのコンテナ内にのみ存在しますが、基盤となるコンテナ・イメージには残りません（ディスクに保存されません）。 + +コンテナイメージは **プログラム** ファイルやその内容、例えば `python` と `main.py` ファイルに匹敵します。 + +そして、**コンテナ**自体は（**コンテナイメージ**とは対照的に）イメージをもとにした実際の実行中のインスタンスであり、**プロセス**に匹敵します。 + +実際、コンテナが実行されているのは、**プロセスが実行されている**ときだけです（通常は単一のプロセスだけです）。 コンテナ内で実行中のプロセスがない場合、コンテナは停止します。 + +## コンテナ・イメージ + +Dockerは、**コンテナ・イメージ**と**コンテナ**を作成・管理するための主要なツールの1つです。 + +そして、DockerにはDockerイメージ（コンテナ）を共有するDocker Hubというものがあります。 + +Docker Hubは 多くのツールや環境、データベース、アプリケーションに対応している予め作成された**公式のコンテナ・イメージ**をパブリックに提供しています。 + +例えば、公式イメージの1つにPython Imageがあります。 + +その他にも、データベースなどさまざまなイメージがあります： + +* PostgreSQL +* MySQL +* MongoDB +* Redis, etc. + +予め作成されたコンテナ・イメージを使用することで、異なるツールを**組み合わせて**使用することが非常に簡単になります。例えば、新しいデータベースを試す場合に特に便利です。ほとんどの場合、**公式イメージ**を使い、環境変数で設定するだけで良いです。 + +そうすれば多くの場合、コンテナとDockerについて学び、その知識をさまざまなツールやコンポーネントによって再利用することができます。 + +つまり、データベース、Pythonアプリケーション、Reactフロントエンド・アプリケーションを備えたウェブ・サーバーなど、さまざまなものを**複数のコンテナ**で実行し、それらを内部ネットワーク経由で接続します。 + +すべてのコンテナ管理システム（DockerやKubernetesなど）には、こうしたネットワーキング機能が統合されています。 + +## コンテナとプロセス + +通常、**コンテナ・イメージ**はそのメタデータに**コンテナ**の起動時に実行されるデフォルトのプログラムまたはコマンドと、そのプログラムに渡されるパラメータを含みます。コマンドラインでの操作とよく似ています。 + +**コンテナ**が起動されると、そのコマンド/プログラムが実行されます（ただし、別のコマンド/プログラムをオーバーライドして実行させることもできます）。 + +コンテナは、**メイン・プロセス**（コマンドまたはプログラム）が実行されている限り実行されます。 + +コンテナは通常**1つのプロセス**を持ちますが、メイン・プロセスからサブ・プロセスを起動することも可能で、そうすれば同じコンテナ内に**複数のプロセス**を持つことになります。 + +しかし、**少なくとも1つの実行中のプロセス**がなければ、実行中のコンテナを持つことはできないです。メイン・プロセスが停止すれば、コンテナも停止します。 + +## Build a Docker Image for FastAPI + +ということで、何か作りましょう！🚀 + +FastAPI用の**Dockerイメージ**を、**公式Python**イメージに基づいて**ゼロから**ビルドする方法をお見せします。 + +これは**ほとんどの場合**にやりたいことです。例えば： + +* **Kubernetes**または同様のツールを使用する場合 +* **Raspberry Pi**で実行する場合 +* コンテナ・イメージを実行してくれるクラウド・サービスなどを利用する場合 + +### パッケージ要件（package requirements） + +アプリケーションの**パッケージ要件**は通常、何らかのファイルに記述されているはずです。 + +パッケージ要件は主に**インストール**するために使用するツールに依存するでしょう。 + +最も一般的な方法は、`requirements.txt` ファイルにパッケージ名とそのバージョンを 1 行ずつ書くことです。 + +もちろん、[FastAPI バージョンについて](./versions.md){.internal-link target=_blank}で読んだのと同じアイデアを使用して、バージョンの範囲を設定します。 + +例えば、`requirements.txt` は次のようになります： + +``` +fastapi>=0.68.0,<0.69.0 +pydantic>=1.8.0,<2.0.0 +uvicorn>=0.15.0,<0.16.0 +``` + +そして通常、例えば `pip` を使ってこれらのパッケージの依存関係をインストールします： + +
+ +```console +$ pip install -r requirements.txt +---> 100% +Successfully installed fastapi pydantic uvicorn +``` + +
+ +!!! info + パッケージの依存関係を定義しインストールするためのフォーマットやツールは他にもあります。 + + Poetryを使った例は、後述するセクションでご紹介します。👇 + +### **FastAPI**コードを作成する + +* `app` ディレクトリを作成し、その中に入ります +* 空のファイル `__init__.py` を作成します +* `main.py` ファイルを作成します： ```Python -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -78,23 +164,136 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` -* ここでは、以下の様なディレクトリ構造になっているはずです: +### Dockerfile + +同じプロジェクト・ディレクトリに`Dockerfile`というファイルを作成します： + +```{ .dockerfile .annotate } +# (1) +FROM python:3.9 + +# (2) +WORKDIR /code + +# (3) +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +# (4) +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +# (5) +COPY ./app /code/app + +# (6) +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +1. 公式のPythonベースイメージから始めます + +2. 現在の作業ディレクトリを `/code` に設定します + + ここに `requirements.txt` ファイルと `app` ディレクトリを置きます。 + +3. 要件が書かれたファイルを `/code` ディレクトリにコピーします + + 残りのコードではなく、最初に必要なファイルだけをコピーしてください。 + + このファイルは**頻繁には変更されない**ので、Dockerはこのステップではそれを検知し**キャッシュ**を使用し、次のステップでもキャッシュを有効にします。 + +4. 要件ファイルにあるパッケージの依存関係をインストールします + `--no-cache-dir` オプションはダウンロードしたパッケージをローカルに保存しないように `pip` に指示します。これは、同じパッケージをインストールするために `pip` を再度実行する場合にのみ有効ですが、コンテナで作業する場合はそうではないです。 + + !!! note + `--no-cache-dir`は`pip`に関連しているだけで、Dockerやコンテナとは何の関係もないです。 + + `--upgrade` オプションは、パッケージが既にインストールされている場合、`pip` にアップグレードするように指示します。 + + 何故ならファイルをコピーする前のステップは**Dockerキャッシュ**によって検出される可能性があるためであり、このステップも利用可能な場合は**Dockerキャッシュ**を使用します。 + + このステップでキャッシュを使用すると、開発中にイメージを何度もビルドする際に、**毎回**すべての依存関係を**ダウンロードしてインストールする**代わりに多くの**時間**を**節約**できます。 + +5. ./app` ディレクトリを `/code` ディレクトリの中にコピーする。 + + これには**最も頻繁に変更される**すべてのコードが含まれているため、Dockerの**キャッシュ**は**これ以降のステップ**に簡単に使用されることはありません。 + + そのため、コンテナイメージのビルド時間を最適化するために、`Dockerfile`の **最後** にこれを置くことが重要です。 + +6. `uvicorn`サーバーを実行するための**コマンド**を設定します + + `CMD` は文字列のリストを取り、それぞれの文字列はスペースで区切られたコマンドラインに入力するものです。 + + このコマンドは **現在の作業ディレクトリ**から実行され、上記の `WORKDIR /code` にて設定した `/code` ディレクトリと同じです。 + + そのためプログラムは `/code` で開始しその中にあなたのコードがある `./app` ディレクトリがあるので、**Uvicorn** は `app.main` から `app` を参照し、**インポート** することができます。 + +!!! tip + コード内の"+"の吹き出しをクリックして、各行が何をするのかをレビューしてください。👆 + +これで、次のようなディレクトリ構造になるはずです： ``` . ├── app +│   ├── __init__.py │ └── main.py -└── Dockerfile +├── Dockerfile +└── requirements.txt ``` -## Dockerイメージをビルド +#### TLS Termination Proxyの裏側 -* プロジェクトディレクトリ (`app` ディレクトリを含んだ、`Dockerfile` のある場所) へ移動 -* FastAPIイメージのビルド: +Nginx や Traefik のような TLS Termination Proxy (ロードバランサ) の後ろでコンテナを動かしている場合は、`--proxy-headers`オプションを追加します。 + +このオプションは、Uvicornにプロキシ経由でHTTPSで動作しているアプリケーションに対して、送信されるヘッダを信頼するよう指示します。 + +```Dockerfile +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--proxy-headers", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +#### Dockerキャッシュ + +この`Dockerfile`には重要なトリックがあり、まず**依存関係だけのファイル**をコピーします。その理由を説明します。 + +```Dockerfile +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt +``` + +Dockerや他のツールは、これらのコンテナイメージを**段階的に**ビルドし、**1つのレイヤーを他のレイヤーの上に**追加します。`Dockerfile`の先頭から開始し、`Dockerfile`の各命令によって作成されたファイルを追加していきます。 + +Dockerや同様のツールは、イメージをビルドする際に**内部キャッシュ**も使用します。前回コンテナイメージを構築したときからファイルが変更されていない場合、ファイルを再度コピーしてゼロから新しいレイヤーを作成する代わりに、**前回作成した同じレイヤーを再利用**します。 + +ただファイルのコピーを避けるだけではあまり改善されませんが、そのステップでキャッシュを利用したため、**次のステップ**でキャッシュを使うことができます。 + +例えば、依存関係をインストールする命令のためにキャッシュを使うことができます： + +```Dockerfile +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt +``` + +パッケージ要件のファイルは**頻繁に変更されることはありません**。そのため、そのファイルだけをコピーすることで、Dockerはそのステップでは**キャッシュ**を使用することができます。 + +そして、Dockerは**次のステップのためにキャッシュ**を使用し、それらの依存関係をダウンロードしてインストールすることができます。そして、ここで**多くの時間を節約**します。✨ ...そして退屈な待ち時間を避けることができます。😪😆 + +パッケージの依存関係をダウンロードしてインストールするには**数分**かかりますが、**キャッシュ**を使えば**せいぜい数秒**です。 + +加えて、開発中にコンテナ・イメージを何度もビルドして、コードの変更が機能しているかどうかをチェックすることになるため、多くの時間を節約することができます。 + +そして`Dockerfile`の最終行の近くですべてのコードをコピーします。この理由は、**最も頻繁に**変更されるものなので、このステップの後にあるものはほとんどキャッシュを使用することができないのためです。 + +```Dockerfile +COPY ./app /code/app +``` + +### Dockerイメージをビルドする + +すべてのファイルが揃ったので、コンテナ・イメージをビルドしましょう。 + +* プロジェクトディレクトリに移動します（`Dockerfile`がある場所で、`app`ディレクトリがあります） +* FastAPI イメージをビルドします：
@@ -106,9 +305,14 @@ $ docker build -t myimage .
-## Dockerコンテナを起動 +!!! tip + 末尾の `.` に注目してほしいです。これは `./` と同じ意味です。 これはDockerにコンテナイメージのビルドに使用するディレクトリを指示します。 -* 用意したイメージを基にしたコンテナの起動: + この場合、同じカレント・ディレクトリ(`.`)です。 + +### Dockerコンテナの起動する + +* イメージに基づいてコンテナを実行します：
@@ -118,62 +322,394 @@ $ docker run -d --name mycontainer -p 80:80 myimage
-これで、Dockerコンテナ内に最適化されたFastAPIサーバが動作しています。使用しているサーバ (そしてCPUコア数) に沿った自動チューニングが行われています。 +## 確認する -## 確認 +Dockerコンテナのhttp://192.168.99.100/items/5?q=somequery や http://127.0.0.1/items/5?q=somequery (またはそれに相当するDockerホストを使用したもの）といったURLで確認できるはずです。 -DockerコンテナのURLで確認できるはずです。例えば: http://192.168.99.100/items/5?q=somequery や http://127.0.0.1/items/5?q=somequery (もしくはDockerホストを使用したこれらと同等のもの)。 - -以下の様なものが返されます: +アクセスすると以下のようなものが表示されます： ```JSON {"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} ``` -## 対話的APIドキュメント +## インタラクティブなAPIドキュメント -ここで、http://192.168.99.100/docs や http://127.0.0.1/docs (もしくはDockerホストを使用したこれらと同等のもの) を開いて下さい。 +これらのURLにもアクセスできます: http://192.168.99.100/docs や http://127.0.0.1/docs (またはそれに相当するDockerホストを使用したもの） -自動生成された対話的APIドキュメントが確認できます (Swagger UIによって提供されます): +アクセスすると、自動対話型APIドキュメント（Swagger UIが提供）が表示されます： ![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) -## その他のAPIドキュメント +## 代替のAPIドキュメント -また同様に、http://192.168.99.100/redoc や http://127.0.0.1/redoc (もしくはDockerホストを使用したこれらと同等のもの) を開いて下さい。 +また、http://192.168.99.100/redoc や http://127.0.0.1/redoc (またはそれに相当するDockerホストを使用したもの）にもアクセスできます。 -他の自動生成された対話的なAPIドキュメントが確認できます (ReDocによって提供されます): +代替の自動ドキュメント（ReDocによって提供される）が表示されます： ![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) -## Traefik +## 単一ファイルのFastAPIでDockerイメージをビルドする -Traefikは、高性能なリバースプロキシ/ロードバランサーです。「TLSターミネーションプロキシ」ジョブを実行できます（他の機能と切り離して）。 +FastAPI が単一のファイル、例えば `./app` ディレクトリのない `main.py` の場合、ファイル構造は次のようになります： +``` +. +├── Dockerfile +├── main.py +└── requirements.txt +``` -Let's Encryptと統合されています。そのため、証明書の取得と更新を含むHTTPSに関するすべての処理を実行できます。 +そうすれば、`Dockerfile`の中にファイルをコピーするために、対応するパスを変更するだけでよいです： -また、Dockerとも統合されています。したがって、各アプリケーション構成でドメインを宣言し、それらの構成を読み取って、HTTPS証明書を生成し、構成に変更を加えることなく、アプリケーションにHTTPSを自動的に提供できます。 +```{ .dockerfile .annotate hl_lines="10 13" } +FROM python:3.9 + +WORKDIR /code + +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +# (1) +COPY ./main.py /code/ + +# (2) +CMD ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +1. main.py`ファイルを `/code` ディレクトリに直接コピーします。 + +2. Uvicornを実行し、`main`から`app`オブジェクトをインポートするように指示します（`app.main`からインポートするのではなく）。 + +次にUvicornコマンドを調整して、`app.main` の代わりに新しいモジュール `main` を使用し、FastAPIオブジェクトである `app` をインポートします。 + +## デプロイメントのコンセプト + +コンテナという観点から、[デプロイのコンセプト](./concepts.md){.internal-link target=_blank}に共通するいくつかについて、もう一度説明しましょう。 + +コンテナは主に、アプリケーションの**ビルドとデプロイ**のプロセスを簡素化するためのツールですが、これらの**デプロイのコンセプト**を扱うための特定のアプローチを強制するものではないです。 + +**良いニュース**は、それぞれの異なる戦略には、すべてのデプロイメントのコンセプトをカバーする方法があるということです。🎉 + +これらの**デプロイメントのコンセプト**をコンテナの観点から見直してみましょう： + +* セキュリティ - HTTPS +* 起動時の実行 +* 再起動 +* **レプリケーション（実行中のプロセス数）** +* メモリ +* 開始前の事前ステップ + +## HTTPS + +FastAPI アプリケーションの **コンテナ・イメージ**（および後で実行中の **コンテナ**）だけに焦点を当てると、通常、HTTPSは別のツールを用いて**外部で**処理されます。 + +例えばTraefikのように、**HTTPS**と**証明書**の**自動**取得を扱う別のコンテナである可能性もあります。 + +!!! tip + TraefikはDockerやKubernetesなどと統合されているので、コンテナ用のHTTPSの設定や構成はとても簡単です。 + +あるいは、（コンテナ内でアプリケーションを実行しながら）クラウド・プロバイダーがサービスの1つとしてHTTPSを処理することもできます。 + +## 起動時および再起動時の実行 + +通常、コンテナの**起動と実行**を担当する別のツールがあります。 + +それは直接**Docker**であったり、**Docker Compose**であったり、**Kubernetes**であったり、**クラウドサービス**であったりします。 + +ほとんどの場合（またはすべての場合）、起動時にコンテナを実行し、失敗時に再起動を有効にする簡単なオプションがあります。例えばDockerでは、コマンドラインオプションの`--restart`が該当します。 + +コンテナを使わなければ、アプリケーションを起動時や再起動時に実行させるのは面倒で難しいかもしれません。しかし、**コンテナ**で作業する場合、ほとんどのケースでその機能はデフォルトで含まれています。✨ + +## レプリケーション - プロセス数 + +**Kubernetes** や Docker Swarm モード、Nomad、あるいは複数のマシン上で分散コンテナを管理するための同様の複雑なシステムを使ってマシンのクラスターを構成している場合、 各コンテナで（Workerを持つGunicornのような）**プロセスマネージャ**を使用する代わりに、**クラスター・レベル**で**レプリケーション**を処理したいと思うでしょう。 + +Kubernetesのような分散コンテナ管理システムの1つは通常、入ってくるリクエストの**ロードバランシング**をサポートしながら、**コンテナのレプリケーション**を処理する統合された方法を持っています。このことはすべて**クラスタレベル**にてです。 + +そのような場合、UvicornワーカーでGunicornのようなものを実行するのではなく、[上記の説明](#dockerfile)のように**Dockerイメージをゼロから**ビルドし、依存関係をインストールして、**単一のUvicornプロセス**を実行したいでしょう。 + +### ロードバランサー + +コンテナを使用する場合、通常はメイン・ポート**でリスニング**しているコンポーネントがあるはずです。それはおそらく、**HTTPS**を処理するための**TLS Termination Proxy**でもある別のコンテナであったり、同様のツールであったりするでしょう。 + +このコンポーネントはリクエストの **負荷** を受け、 (うまくいけば) その負荷を**バランスよく** ワーカーに分配するので、一般に **ロードバランサ** とも呼ばれます。 + +!!! tip +　　HTTPSに使われるものと同じ**TLS Termination Proxy**コンポーネントは、おそらく**ロードバランサー**にもなるでしょう。 + +そしてコンテナで作業する場合、コンテナの起動と管理に使用する同じシステムには、**ロードバランサー**（**TLS Termination Proxy**の可能性もある）から**ネットワーク通信**（HTTPリクエストなど）をアプリのあるコンテナ（複数可）に送信するための内部ツールが既にあるはずです。 + +### 1つのロードバランサー - 複数のワーカーコンテナー + +**Kubernetes**や同様の分散コンテナ管理システムで作業する場合、その内部のネットワーキングのメカニズムを使用することで、メインの**ポート**でリッスンしている単一の**ロードバランサー**が、アプリを実行している可能性のある**複数のコンテナ**に通信（リクエスト）を送信できるようになります。 + +アプリを実行するこれらのコンテナには、通常**1つのプロセス**（たとえば、FastAPIアプリケーションを実行するUvicornプロセス）があります。これらはすべて**同一のコンテナ**であり同じものを実行しますが、それぞれが独自のプロセスやメモリなどを持ちます。そうすることで、CPUの**異なるコア**、あるいは**異なるマシン**での**並列化**を利用できます。 + +そして、**ロードバランサー**を備えた分散コンテナシステムは、**順番に**あなたのアプリを含む各コンテナに**リクエストを分配**します。つまり、各リクエストは、あなたのアプリを実行している複数の**レプリケートされたコンテナ**の1つによって処理されます。 + +そして通常、この**ロードバランサー**は、クラスタ内の*他の*アプリケーション（例えば、異なるドメインや異なるURLパスのプレフィックスの配下）へのリクエストを処理することができ、その通信をクラスタ内で実行されている*他の*アプリケーションのための適切なコンテナに送信します。 + +### 1コンテナにつき1プロセス + +この種のシナリオでは、すでにクラスタ・レベルでレプリケーションを処理しているため、おそらくコンテナごとに**単一の（Uvicorn）プロセス**を持ちたいでしょう。 + +この場合、Uvicornワーカーを持つGunicornのようなプロセスマネージャーや、Uvicornワーカーを使うUvicornは**避けたい**でしょう。**コンテナごとにUvicornのプロセスは1つだけ**にしたいでしょう（おそらく複数のコンテナが必要でしょう）。 + +（GunicornやUvicornがUvicornワーカーを管理するように）コンテナ内に別のプロセスマネージャーを持つことは、クラスターシステムですでに対処しているであろう**不要な複雑さ**を追加するだけです。 + +### Containers with Multiple Processes and Special Cases + +もちろん、**特殊なケース**として、**Gunicornプロセスマネージャ**を持つ**コンテナ**内で複数の**Uvicornワーカープロセス**を起動させたい場合があります。 + +このような場合、**公式のDockerイメージ**を使用することができます。このイメージには、複数の**Uvicornワーカープロセス**を実行するプロセスマネージャとして**Gunicorn**が含まれており、現在のCPUコアに基づいてワーカーの数を自動的に調整するためのデフォルト設定がいくつか含まれています。詳しくは後述の[Gunicornによる公式Dockerイメージ - Uvicorn](#gunicornによる公式dockerイメージ---Uvicorn)で説明します。 + +以下は、それが理にかなっている場合の例です： + +#### シンプルなアプリケーション + +アプリケーションを**シンプル**な形で実行する場合、プロセス数の細かい調整が必要ない場合、自動化されたデフォルトを使用するだけで、コンテナ内にプロセスマネージャが必要かもしれません。例えば、公式Dockerイメージでシンプルな設定が可能です。 + +#### Docker Compose + +Docker Composeで**シングルサーバ**（クラスタではない）にデプロイすることもできますので、共有ネットワークと**ロードバランシング**を維持しながら（Docker Composeで）コンテナのレプリケーションを管理する簡単な方法はないでしょう。 + +その場合、**単一のコンテナ**で、**プロセスマネージャ**が内部で**複数のワーカープロセス**を起動するようにします。 + +#### Prometheusとその他の理由 + +また、**1つのコンテナ**に**1つのプロセス**を持たせるのではなく、**1つのコンテナ**に**複数のプロセス**を持たせる方が簡単だという**他の理由**もあるでしょう。 + +例えば、(セットアップにもよりますが)Prometheusエクスポーターのようなツールを同じコンテナ内に持つことができます。 + +この場合、**複数のコンテナ**があると、デフォルトでは、Prometheusが**メトリクスを**読みに来たとき、すべてのレプリケートされたコンテナの**蓄積されたメトリクス**を取得するのではなく、毎回**単一のコンテナ**（その特定のリクエストを処理したコンテナ）のものを取得することになります。 + +その場合、**複数のプロセス**を持つ**1つのコンテナ**を用意し、同じコンテナ上のローカルツール（例えばPrometheusエクスポーター）がすべての内部プロセスのPrometheusメトリクスを収集し、その1つのコンテナ上でそれらのメトリクスを公開する方がシンプルかもしれません。 --- -次のセクションに進み、この情報とツールを使用して、すべてを組み合わせます。 +重要なのは、盲目的に従わなければならない普遍のルールはないということです。 -## TraefikとHTTPSを使用したDocker Swarmモードのクラスタ +これらのアイデアは、**あなた自身のユースケース**を評価し、あなたのシステムに最適なアプローチを決定するために使用することができます： -HTTPSを処理する（証明書の取得と更新を含む）Traefikを使用して、Docker Swarmモードのクラスタを数分（20分程度）でセットアップできます。 +* セキュリティ - HTTPS +* 起動時の実行 +* 再起動 +* **レプリケーション（実行中のプロセス数）** +* メモリ +* 開始前の事前ステップ -Docker Swarmモードを使用することで、1台のマシンの「クラスタ」から開始でき（1か月あたり5ドルのサーバーでもできます）、後から必要なだけサーバーを拡張できます。 +## メモリー -TraefikおよびHTTPS処理を備えたDocker Swarm Modeクラスターをセットアップするには、次のガイドに従います: +コンテナごとに**単一のプロセスを実行する**と、それらのコンテナ（レプリケートされている場合は1つ以上）によって消費される多かれ少なかれ明確に定義された、安定し制限された量のメモリを持つことになります。 -### Docker Swarm Mode and Traefik for an HTTPS cluster +そして、コンテナ管理システム（**Kubernetes**など）の設定で、同じメモリ制限と要件を設定することができます。 -### FastAPIアプリケーションのデプロイ +そうすれば、コンテナが必要とするメモリ量とクラスタ内のマシンで利用可能なメモリ量を考慮して、**利用可能なマシン**に**コンテナ**をレプリケートできるようになります。 -すべてを設定するための最も簡単な方法は、[**FastAPI** Project Generators](../project-generation.md){.internal-link target=_blank}を使用することでしょう。 +アプリケーションが**シンプル**なものであれば、これはおそらく**問題にはならない**でしょうし、ハードなメモリ制限を指定する必要はないかもしれないです。 -上述したTraefikとHTTPSを備えたDocker Swarm クラスタが統合されるように設計されています。 +しかし、**多くのメモリを使用**している場合（たとえば**機械学習**モデルなど）、どれだけのメモリを消費しているかを確認し、**各マシンで実行するコンテナの数**を調整する必要があります（そしておそらくクラスタにマシンを追加します）。 -2分程度でプロジェクトが生成されます。 +**コンテナごとに複数のプロセス**を実行する場合（たとえば公式のDockerイメージで）、起動するプロセスの数が**利用可能なメモリ以上に消費しない**ようにする必要があります。 -生成されたプロジェクトはデプロイの指示がありますが、それを実行するとさらに2分かかります。 +## 開始前の事前ステップとコンテナ + +コンテナ（DockerやKubernetesなど）を使っている場合、主に2つのアプローチがあります。 + +### 複数のコンテナ + +複数の**コンテナ**があり、おそらくそれぞれが**単一のプロセス**を実行している場合（**Kubernetes**クラスタなど）、レプリケートされたワーカーコンテナを実行する**前に**、単一のコンテナで**事前のステップ**の作業を行う**別のコンテナ**を持ちたいと思うでしょう。 + +!!! info + もしKubernetesを使用している場合, これはおそらくInit コンテナでしょう。 + +ユースケースが事前のステップを**並列で複数回**実行するのに問題がない場合（例：データベースの準備チェック）、メインプロセスを開始する前に、それらのステップを各コンテナに入れることが可能です。 + +### 単一コンテナ + +単純なセットアップで、**単一のコンテナ**で複数の**ワーカー・プロセス**（または1つのプロセスのみ）を起動する場合、アプリでプロセスを開始する直前に、同じコンテナで事前のステップを実行できます。公式Dockerイメージは、内部的にこれをサポートしています。 + +## Gunicornによる公式Dockerイメージ - Uvicorn + +前の章で詳しく説明したように、Uvicornワーカーで動作するGunicornを含む公式のDockerイメージがあります： [Server Workers - Gunicorn と Uvicorn](./server-workers.md){.internal-link target=_blank}で詳しく説明しています。 + +このイメージは、主に上記で説明した状況で役に立つでしょう： [複数のプロセスと特殊なケースを持つコンテナ（Containers with Multiple Processes and Special Cases）](#containers-with-multiple-processes-and-special-cases) + +* tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi. + +!!! warning + このベースイメージや類似のイメージは**必要ない**可能性が高いので、[上記の: FastAPI用のDockerイメージをビルドする（Build a Docker Image for FastAPI）](#build-a-docker-image-for-fastapi)のようにゼロからイメージをビルドする方が良いでしょう。 + +このイメージには、利用可能なCPUコアに基づいて**ワーカー・プロセスの数**を設定する**オートチューニング**メカニズムが含まれています。 + +これは**賢明なデフォルト**を備えていますが、**環境変数**や設定ファイルを使ってすべての設定を変更したり更新したりすることができます。 + +また、スクリプトで**開始前の事前ステップ**を実行することもサポートしている。 + +!!! tip + すべての設定とオプションを見るには、Dockerイメージのページをご覧ください: tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi + +### 公式Dockerイメージのプロセス数 + +このイメージの**プロセス数**は、利用可能なCPU**コア**から**自動的に計算**されます。 + +つまり、CPUから可能な限り**パフォーマンス**を**引き出そう**とします。 + +また、**環境変数**などを使った設定で調整することもできます。 + +しかし、プロセスの数はコンテナが実行しているCPUに依存するため、**消費されるメモリの量**もそれに依存することになります。 + +そのため、（機械学習モデルなどで）大量のメモリを消費するアプリケーションで、サーバーのCPUコアが多いが**メモリが少ない**場合、コンテナは利用可能なメモリよりも多くのメモリを使おうとすることになります。 + +その結果、パフォーマンスが大幅に低下する（あるいはクラッシュする）可能性があります。🚨 + +### Dockerfileを作成する + +この画像に基づいて`Dockerfile`を作成する方法を以下に示します： + +```Dockerfile +FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.9 + +COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /app/requirements.txt + +COPY ./app /app +``` + +### より大きなアプリケーション + +[複数のファイルを持つ大きなアプリケーション](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}を作成するセクションに従った場合、`Dockerfile`は次のようになります： + +```Dockerfile hl_lines="7" +FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.9 + +COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /app/requirements.txt + +COPY ./app /app/app +``` + +### いつ使うのか + +おそらく、**Kubernetes**（または他のもの）を使用していて、すでにクラスタレベルで複数の**コンテナ**で**レプリケーション**を設定している場合は、この公式ベースイメージ（または他の類似のもの）は**使用すべきではありません**。 + +そのような場合は、上記のように**ゼロから**イメージを構築する方がよいでしょう： [FastAPI用のDockerイメージをビルドする（Build a Docker Image for FastAPI）](#build-a-docker-image-for-fastapi) を参照してください。 + +このイメージは、主に上記の[複数のプロセスと特殊なケースを持つコンテナ（Containers with Multiple Processes and Special Cases）](#containers-with-multiple-processes-and-special-cases)で説明したような特殊なケースで役に立ちます。 + +例えば、アプリケーションが**シンプル**で、CPUに応じたデフォルトのプロセス数を設定すればうまくいく場合や、クラスタレベルでレプリケーションを手動で設定する手間を省きたい場合、アプリで複数のコンテナを実行しない場合などです。 + +または、**Docker Compose**でデプロイし、単一のサーバで実行している場合などです。 + +## コンテナ・イメージのデプロイ + +コンテナ（Docker）イメージを手に入れた後、それをデプロイするにはいくつかの方法があります。 + +例えば以下のリストの方法です: + +* 単一サーバーの**Docker Compose** +* **Kubernetes**クラスタ +* Docker Swarmモードのクラスター +* Nomadのような別のツール +* コンテナ・イメージをデプロイするクラウド・サービス + +## Poetryを利用したDockerイメージ + +もしプロジェクトの依存関係を管理するためにPoetryを利用する場合、マルチステージビルドを使うと良いでしょう。 + +```{ .dockerfile .annotate } +# (1) +FROM python:3.9 as requirements-stage + +# (2) +WORKDIR /tmp + +# (3) +RUN pip install poetry + +# (4) +COPY ./pyproject.toml ./poetry.lock* /tmp/ + +# (5) +RUN poetry export -f requirements.txt --output requirements.txt --without-hashes + +# (6) +FROM python:3.9 + +# (7) +WORKDIR /code + +# (8) +COPY --from=requirements-stage /tmp/requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +# (9) +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +# (10) +COPY ./app /code/app + +# (11) +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +1. これは最初のステージで、`requirements-stage`と名付けられます +2. `/tmp` を現在の作業ディレクトリに設定します + ここで `requirements.txt` というファイルを生成します。 + +3. このDockerステージにPoetryをインストールします + +4. pyproject.toml`と`poetry.lock`ファイルを`/tmp` ディレクトリにコピーします + + `./poetry.lock*`（末尾に`*`）を使用するため、そのファイルがまだ利用できない場合でもクラッシュすることはないです。 +5. requirements.txt`ファイルを生成します + +6. これは最後のステージであり、ここにあるものはすべて最終的なコンテナ・イメージに保存されます +7. 現在の作業ディレクトリを `/code` に設定します +8. `requirements.txt`ファイルを `/code` ディレクトリにコピーします + このファイルは前のDockerステージにしか存在しないため、`--from-requirements-stage`を使ってコピーします。 +9. 生成された `requirements.txt` ファイルにあるパッケージの依存関係をインストールします +10. app` ディレクトリを `/code` ディレクトリにコピーします +11. uvicorn` コマンドを実行して、`app.main` からインポートした `app` オブジェクトを使用するように指示します +!!! tip + "+"の吹き出しをクリックすると、それぞれの行が何をするのかを見ることができます + +**Dockerステージ**は`Dockerfile`の一部で、**一時的なコンテナイメージ**として動作します。 + +最初のステージは **Poetryのインストール**と Poetry の `pyproject.toml` ファイルからプロジェクトの依存関係を含む**`requirements.txt`を生成**するためだけに使用されます。 + +この `requirements.txt` ファイルは後半の **次のステージ**で `pip` と共に使用されます。 + +最終的なコンテナイメージでは、**最終ステージ**のみが保存されます。前のステージは破棄されます。 + +Poetryを使用する場合、**Dockerマルチステージビルド**を使用することは理にかなっています。 + +なぜなら、最終的なコンテナイメージにPoetryとその依存関係がインストールされている必要はなく、**必要なのは**プロジェクトの依存関係をインストールするために生成された `requirements.txt` ファイルだけだからです。 + +そして次の（そして最終的な）ステージでは、前述とほぼ同じ方法でイメージをビルドします。 + +### TLS Termination Proxyの裏側 - Poetry + +繰り返しになりますが、NginxやTraefikのようなTLS Termination Proxy（ロードバランサー）の後ろでコンテナを動かしている場合は、`--proxy-headers`オプションをコマンドに追加します： + +```Dockerfile +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--proxy-headers", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +## まとめ + +コンテナ・システム（例えば**Docker**や**Kubernetes**など）を使えば、すべての**デプロイメントのコンセプト**を扱うのがかなり簡単になります： + +* セキュリティ - HTTPS +* 起動時の実行 +* 再起動 +* **レプリケーション（実行中のプロセス数）** +* メモリ +* 開始前の事前ステップ + +ほとんどの場合、ベースとなるイメージは使用せず、公式のPython Dockerイメージをベースにした**コンテナイメージをゼロからビルド**します。 + +`Dockerfile`と**Dockerキャッシュ**内の命令の**順番**に注意することで、**ビルド時間を最小化**することができ、生産性を最大化することができます（そして退屈を避けることができます）。😎 + +特別なケースでは、FastAPI用の公式Dockerイメージを使いたいかもしれません。🤓 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/deployment/https.md b/docs/ja/docs/deployment/https.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a291f870f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/deployment/https.md @@ -0,0 +1,200 @@ +# HTTPS について + +HTTPSは単に「有効」か「無効」かで決まるものだと思いがちです。 + +しかし、それよりもはるかに複雑です。 + +!!! tip + もし急いでいたり、HTTPSの仕組みについて気にしないのであれば、次のセクションに進み、さまざまなテクニックを使ってすべてをセットアップするステップ・バイ・ステップの手順をご覧ください。 + +利用者の視点から **HTTPS の基本を学ぶ**に当たっては、次のリソースをオススメします: https://howhttps.works/. + +さて、**開発者の視点**から、HTTPSについて考える際に念頭に置くべきことをいくつかみていきましょう： + +* HTTPSの場合、**サーバ**は**第三者**によって生成された**「証明書」を持つ**必要があります。 + * これらの証明書は「生成」されたものではなく、実際には第三者から**取得**されたものです。 +* 証明書には**有効期限**があります。 + * つまりいずれ失効します。 + * そのため**更新**をし、第三者から**再度取得**する必要があります。 +* 接続の暗号化は**TCPレベル**で行われます。 + * それは**HTTPの1つ下**のレイヤーです。 + * つまり、**証明書と暗号化**の処理は、**HTTPの前**に行われます。 +* **TCPは "ドメイン "について知りません**。IPアドレスについてのみ知っています。 + * 要求された**特定のドメイン**に関する情報は、**HTTPデータ**に入ります。 +* **HTTPS証明書**は、**特定のドメイン**を「証明」しますが、プロトコルと暗号化はTCPレベルで行われ、どのドメインが扱われているかを**知る前**に行われます。 +* **デフォルトでは**、**IPアドレスごとに1つのHTTPS証明書**しか持てないことになります。 + * これは、サーバーの規模やアプリケーションの規模に寄りません。 + * しかし、これには**解決策**があります。 +* **TLS**プロトコル(HTTPの前に、TCPレベルで暗号化を処理するもの)には、**SNI**と呼ばれる**拡張**があります。 + * このSNI拡張機能により、1つのサーバー（**単一のIPアドレス**を持つ）が**複数のHTTPS証明書**を持ち、**複数のHTTPSドメイン/アプリケーション**にサービスを提供できるようになります。 + * これが機能するためには、**パブリックIPアドレス**でリッスンしている、サーバー上で動作している**単一の**コンポーネント(プログラム)が、サーバー内の**すべてのHTTPS証明書**を持っている必要があります。 + +* セキュアな接続を取得した**後**でも、通信プロトコルは**HTTPのまま**です。 + * コンテンツは**HTTPプロトコル**で送信されているにもかかわらず、**暗号化**されています。 + + +サーバー（マシン、ホストなど）上で**1つのプログラム/HTTPサーバー**を実行させ、**HTTPSに関する全てのこと**を管理するのが一般的です。 + +**暗号化された HTTPS リクエスト** を受信し、**復号化された HTTP リクエスト** を同じサーバーで実行されている実際の HTTP アプリケーション（この場合は **FastAPI** アプリケーション）に送信し、アプリケーションから **HTTP レスポンス** を受け取り、適切な **HTTPS 証明書** を使用して **暗号化** し、そして**HTTPS** を使用してクライアントに送り返します。 + +このサーバーはしばしば **TLS Termination Proxy**と呼ばれます。 + +TLS Termination Proxyとして使えるオプションには、以下のようなものがあります： + +* Traefik（証明書の更新も対応） +* Caddy (証明書の更新も対応) +* Nginx +* HAProxy + + +## Let's Encrypt + +Let's Encrypt以前は、これらの**HTTPS証明書**は信頼できる第三者によって販売されていました。 + +これらの証明書を取得するための手続きは面倒で、かなりの書類を必要とし、証明書はかなり高価なものでした。 + +しかしその後、**Let's Encrypt** が作られました。 + +これはLinux Foundationのプロジェクトから生まれたものです。 自動化された方法で、**HTTPS証明書を無料で**提供します。これらの証明書は、すべての標準的な暗号化セキュリティを使用し、また短命（約3ヶ月）ですが、こういった寿命の短さによって、**セキュリティは実際に優れています**。 + +ドメインは安全に検証され、証明書は自動的に生成されます。また、証明書の更新も自動化されます。 + +このアイデアは、これらの証明書の取得と更新を自動化することで、**安全なHTTPSを、無料で、永遠に**利用できるようにすることです。 + +## 開発者のための HTTPS + +ここでは、HTTPS APIがどのように見えるかの例を、主に開発者にとって重要なアイデアに注意を払いながら、ステップ・バイ・ステップで説明します。 + +### ドメイン名 + +ステップの初めは、**ドメイン名**を**取得すること**から始まるでしょう。その後、DNSサーバー（おそらく同じクラウドプロバイダー）に設定します。 + +おそらくクラウドサーバー（仮想マシン）かそれに類するものを手に入れ、固定の **パブリックIPアドレス**を持つことになるでしょう。 + +DNSサーバーでは、**取得したドメイン**をあなたのサーバーのパプリック**IPアドレス**に向けるレコード（「`Aレコード`」）を設定します。 + +これはおそらく、最初の1回だけあり、すべてをセットアップするときに行うでしょう。 + +!!! tip + ドメイン名の話はHTTPSに関する話のはるか前にありますが、すべてがドメインとIPアドレスに依存するため、ここで言及する価値があります。 + +### DNS + +では、実際のHTTPSの部分に注目してみよう。 + +まず、ブラウザは**DNSサーバー**に**ドメインに対するIP**が何であるかを確認します。今回は、`someapp.example.com`とします。 + +DNSサーバーは、ブラウザに特定の**IPアドレス**を使用するように指示します。このIPアドレスは、DNSサーバーで設定した、あなたのサーバーが使用するパブリックIPアドレスになります。 + + + +### TLS Handshake の開始 + +ブラウザはIPアドレスと**ポート443**（HTTPSポート）で通信します。 + +通信の最初の部分は、クライアントとサーバー間の接続を確立し、使用する暗号鍵などを決めるだけです。 + + + +TLS接続を確立するためのクライアントとサーバー間のこのやりとりは、**TLSハンドシェイク**と呼ばれます。 + +### SNI拡張機能付きのTLS + +サーバー内の**1つのプロセス**だけが、特定 の**IPアドレス**の特定の**ポート** で待ち受けることができます。 + +同じIPアドレスの他のポートで他のプロセスがリッスンしている可能性もありますが、IPアドレスとポートの組み合わせごとに1つだけです。 + +TLS（HTTPS）はデフォルトで`443`という特定のポートを使用する。つまり、これが必要なポートです。 + +このポートをリッスンできるのは1つのプロセスだけなので、これを実行するプロセスは**TLS Termination Proxy**となります。 + +TLS Termination Proxyは、1つ以上の**TLS証明書**（HTTPS証明書）にアクセスできます。 + +前述した**SNI拡張機能**を使用して、TLS Termination Proxy は、利用可能なTLS (HTTPS)証明書のどれを接続先として使用すべきかをチェックし、クライアントが期待するドメインに一致するものを使用します。 + +今回は、`someapp.example.com`の証明書を使うことになります。 + + + +クライアントは、そのTLS証明書を生成したエンティティ（この場合はLet's Encryptですが、これについては後述します）をすでに**信頼**しているため、その証明書が有効であることを**検証**することができます。 + +次に証明書を使用して、クライアントとTLS Termination Proxy は、 **TCP通信**の残りを**どのように暗号化するかを決定**します。これで**TLSハンドシェイク**の部分が完了します。 + +この後、クライアントとサーバーは**暗号化されたTCP接続**を持ちます。そして、その接続を使って実際の**HTTP通信**を開始することができます。 + +これが**HTTPS**であり、純粋な（暗号化されていない）TCP接続ではなく、**セキュアなTLS接続**の中に**HTTP**があるだけです。 + +!!! tip + 通信の暗号化は、HTTPレベルではなく、**TCPレベル**で行われることに注意してください。 + +### HTTPS リクエスト + +これでクライアントとサーバー（具体的にはブラウザとTLS Termination Proxy）は**暗号化されたTCP接続**を持つことになり、**HTTP通信**を開始することができます。 + +そこで、クライアントは**HTTPSリクエスト**を送信します。これは、暗号化されたTLSコネクションを介した単なるHTTPリクエストです。 + + + +### リクエストの復号化 + +TLS Termination Proxy は、合意が取れている暗号化を使用して、**リクエストを復号化**し、**プレーン (復号化された) HTTP リクエスト** をアプリケーションを実行しているプロセス (例えば、FastAPI アプリケーションを実行している Uvicorn を持つプロセス) に送信します。 + + + +### HTTP レスポンス + +アプリケーションはリクエストを処理し、**プレーン(暗号化されていない)HTTPレスポンス** をTLS Termination Proxyに送信します。 + + + +### HTTPS レスポンス + +TLS Termination Proxyは次に、事前に合意が取れている暗号(`someapp.example.com`の証明書から始まる)を使って**レスポンスを暗号化し**、ブラウザに送り返す。 + +その後ブラウザでは、レスポンスが有効で正しい暗号キーで暗号化されていることなどを検証します。そして、ブラウザはレスポンスを**復号化**して処理します。 + + + +クライアント（ブラウザ）は、レスポンスが正しいサーバーから来たことを知ることができます。 なぜなら、そのサーバーは、以前に**HTTPS証明書**を使って合意した暗号を使っているからです。 + +### 複数のアプリケーション + +同じサーバー（または複数のサーバー）に、例えば他のAPIプログラムやデータベースなど、**複数のアプリケーション**が存在する可能性があります。 + +特定のIPとポート（この例ではTLS Termination Proxy）を扱うことができるのは1つのプロセスだけですが、他のアプリケーション/プロセスも、同じ**パブリックIPとポート**の組み合わせを使用しようとしない限り、サーバー上で実行することができます。 + + + +そうすれば、TLS Termination Proxy は、**複数のドメイン**や複数のアプリケーションのHTTPSと証明書を処理し、それぞれのケースで適切なアプリケーションにリクエストを送信することができます。 + +### 証明書の更新 + +将来のある時点で、各証明書は（取得後約3ヶ月で）**失効**します。 + +その後、Let's Encryptと通信する別のプログラム（別のプログラムである場合もあれば、同じTLS Termination Proxyである場合もある）によって、証明書を更新します。 + + + +**TLS証明書**は、IPアドレスではなく、**ドメイン名に関連付けられて**います。 + +したがって、証明書を更新するために、更新プログラムは、認証局（Let's Encrypt）に対して、**そのドメインが本当に「所有」し、管理している**ことを**証明**する必要があります。 + +そのために、またさまざまなアプリケーションのニーズに対応するために、いくつかの方法があります。よく使われる方法としては: + +* **いくつかのDNSレコードを修正します。** + * これをするためには、更新プログラムはDNSプロバイダーのAPIをサポートする必要があります。したがって、使用しているDNSプロバイダーによっては、このオプションが使える場合もあれば、使えない場合もあります。 +* ドメインに関連付けられたパブリックIPアドレス上で、（少なくとも証明書取得プロセス中は）**サーバー**として実行します。 + * 上で述べたように、特定のIPとポートでリッスンできるプロセスは1つだけです。 + * これは、同じTLS Termination Proxyが証明書の更新処理も行う場合に非常に便利な理由の1つです。 + * そうでなければ、TLS Termination Proxyを一時的に停止し、証明書を取得するために更新プログラムを起動し、TLS Termination Proxyで証明書を設定し、TLS Termination Proxyを再起動しなければならないかもしれません。TLS Termination Proxyが停止している間はアプリが利用できなくなるため、これは理想的ではありません。 + + +アプリを提供しながらこのような更新処理を行うことは、アプリケーション・サーバー（Uvicornなど）でTLS証明書を直接使用するのではなく、TLS Termination Proxyを使用して**HTTPSを処理する別のシステム**を用意したくなる主な理由の1つです。 + +## まとめ + +**HTTPS**を持つことは非常に重要であり、ほとんどの場合、かなり**クリティカル**です。開発者として HTTPS に関わる労力のほとんどは、これらの**概念とその仕組みを理解する**ことです。 + +しかし、ひとたび**開発者向けHTTPS**の基本的な情報を知れば、簡単な方法ですべてを管理するために、さまざまなツールを組み合わせて設定することができます。 + +次の章では、**FastAPI** アプリケーションのために **HTTPS** をセットアップする方法について、いくつかの具体例を紹介します。🔒 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/deployment/index.md b/docs/ja/docs/deployment/index.md index 2ce81b551..897956e38 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/deployment/index.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/deployment/index.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -# デプロイ - イントロ +# デプロイ **FastAPI** 製のアプリケーションは比較的容易にデプロイできます。 ユースケースや使用しているツールによっていくつかの方法に分かれます。 -次のセクションでより詳しくそれらの方法について説明します。 \ No newline at end of file +次のセクションでより詳しくそれらの方法について説明します。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/deployment/manually.md b/docs/ja/docs/deployment/manually.md index 3296ba76f..67010a66f 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/deployment/manually.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/deployment/manually.md @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
```console - $ pip install uvicorn[standard] + $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ !!! tip "豆知識" `standard` を加えることで、Uvicornがインストールされ、いくつかの推奨される依存関係を利用するようになります。 - + これには、`asyncio` の高性能な完全互換品である `uvloop` が含まれ、並行処理のパフォーマンスが大幅に向上します。 === "Hypercorn" diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/deployment/server-workers.md b/docs/ja/docs/deployment/server-workers.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e1ea165a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/deployment/server-workers.md @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@ +# Server Workers - Gunicorn と Uvicorn + +前回のデプロイメントのコンセプトを振り返ってみましょう： + +* セキュリティ - HTTPS +* 起動時の実行 +* 再起動 +* **レプリケーション（実行中のプロセス数）** +* メモリ +* 開始前の事前ステップ + +ここまでのドキュメントのチュートリアルでは、おそらくUvicornのような**サーバープログラム**を**単一のプロセス**で実行しています。 + +アプリケーションをデプロイする際には、**複数のコア**を利用し、そしてより多くのリクエストを処理できるようにするために、プロセスの**レプリケーション**を持つことを望むでしょう。 + +前のチャプターである[デプロイメントのコンセプト](./concepts.md){.internal-link target=_blank}にて見てきたように、有効な戦略がいくつかあります。 + +ここでは**Gunicorn**が**Uvicornのワーカー・プロセス**を管理する場合の使い方について紹介していきます。 + +!!! info + + DockerやKubernetesなどのコンテナを使用している場合は、次の章で詳しく説明します： [コンテナ内のFastAPI - Docker](./docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank} + + 特に**Kubernetes**上で実行する場合は、おそらく**Gunicornを使用せず**、**コンテナごとに単一のUvicornプロセス**を実行することになりますが、それについてはこの章の後半で説明します。 + +## GunicornによるUvicornのワーカー・プロセスの管理 + +**Gunicorn**は**WSGI標準**のアプリケーションサーバーです。このことは、GunicornはFlaskやDjangoのようなアプリケーションにサービスを提供できることを意味します。Gunicornそれ自体は**FastAPI**と互換性がないですが、というのもFastAPIは最新の**ASGI 標準**を使用しているためです。 + +しかし、Gunicornは**プロセスマネージャー**として動作し、ユーザーが特定の**ワーカー・プロセスクラス**を使用するように指示することができます。するとGunicornはそのクラスを使い1つ以上の**ワーカー・プロセス**を開始します。 + +そして**Uvicorn**には**Gunicorn互換のワーカークラス**があります。 + +この組み合わせで、Gunicornは**プロセスマネージャー**として動作し、**ポート**と**IP**をリッスンします。そして、**Uvicornクラス**を実行しているワーカー・プロセスに通信を**転送**します。 + +そして、Gunicorn互換の**Uvicornワーカー**クラスが、FastAPIが使えるように、Gunicornから送られてきたデータをASGI標準に変換する役割を担います。 + +## GunicornとUvicornをインストールする + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" gunicorn + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +これによりUvicornと（高性能を得るための）標準（`standard`）の追加パッケージとGunicornの両方がインストールされます。 + +## UvicornのワーカーとともにGunicornを実行する + +Gunicornを以下のように起動させることができます: + +
+ +```console +$ gunicorn main:app --workers 4 --worker-class uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker --bind 0.0.0.0:80 + +[19499] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.1.0 +[19499] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:80 (19499) +[19499] [INFO] Using worker: uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker +[19511] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19511 +[19513] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19513 +[19514] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19514 +[19515] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19515 +[19511] [INFO] Started server process [19511] +[19511] [INFO] Waiting for application startup. +[19511] [INFO] Application startup complete. +[19513] [INFO] Started server process [19513] +[19513] [INFO] Waiting for application startup. +[19513] [INFO] Application startup complete. +[19514] [INFO] Started server process [19514] +[19514] [INFO] Waiting for application startup. +[19514] [INFO] Application startup complete. +[19515] [INFO] Started server process [19515] +[19515] [INFO] Waiting for application startup. +[19515] [INFO] Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +それぞれのオプションの意味を見てみましょう： + +* `main:app`： `main`は"`main`"という名前のPythonモジュール、つまりファイル`main.py`を意味します。そして `app` は **FastAPI** アプリケーションの変数名です。 + * main:app`はPythonの`import`文と同じようなものだと想像できます： + + ```Python + from main import app + ``` + + * つまり、`main:app`のコロンは、`from main import app`のPythonの`import`の部分と同じになります。 + +* `--workers`： 使用するワーカー・プロセスの数で、それぞれがUvicornのワーカーを実行します。 + +* `--worker-class`： ワーカー・プロセスで使用するGunicorn互換のワーカークラスです。 + * ここではGunicornがインポートして使用できるクラスを渡します： + + ```Python + import uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker + ``` + +* `--bind`： GunicornにリッスンするIPとポートを伝えます。コロン(`:`)でIPとポートを区切ります。 + * Uvicornを直接実行している場合は、`--bind 0.0.0.0:80` （Gunicornのオプション）の代わりに、`--host 0.0.0.0`と `--port 80`を使います。 + +出力では、各プロセスの**PID**（プロセスID）が表示されているのがわかります（単なる数字です）。 + +以下の通りです： + +* Gunicornの**プロセス・マネージャー**はPID `19499`（あなたの場合は違う番号でしょう）で始まります。 +* 次に、`Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:80`を開始します。 +* それから `uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker` でワーカークラスを使用することを検出します。 +* そして、**4つのワーカー**を起動します。それぞれのワーカーのPIDは、`19511`、`19513`、`19514`、`19515`です。 + +Gunicornはまた、ワーカーの数を維持するために必要であれば、**ダウンしたプロセス**を管理し、**新しいプロセスを**再起動**させます。そのため、上記のリストにある**再起動**の概念に一部役立ちます。 + +しかしながら、必要であればGunicornを**再起動**させ、**起動時に実行**させるなど、外部のコンポーネントを持たせることも必要かもしれません。 + +## Uvicornとワーカー + +Uvicornには複数の**ワーカー・プロセス**を起動し実行するオプションもあります。 + +とはいうものの、今のところUvicornのワーカー・プロセスを扱う機能はGunicornよりも制限されています。そのため、このレベル（Pythonレベル）でプロセスマネージャーを持ちたいのであれば、Gunicornをプロセスマネージャーとして使ってみた方が賢明かもしれないです。 + +どんな場合であれ、以下のように実行します： + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8080 --workers 4 +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://0.0.0.0:8080 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started parent process [27365] +INFO: Started server process [27368] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +INFO: Started server process [27369] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +INFO: Started server process [27370] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +INFO: Started server process [27367] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +ここで唯一の新しいオプションは `--workers` で、Uvicornに4つのワーカー・プロセスを起動するように指示しています。 + +各プロセスの **PID** が表示され、親プロセスの `27365` (これは **プロセスマネージャ**) と、各ワーカー・プロセスの **PID** が表示されます： `27368`、`27369`、`27370`、`27367`になります。 + +## デプロイメントのコンセプト + +ここでは、アプリケーションの実行を**並列化**し、CPUの**マルチコア**を活用し、**より多くのリクエスト**に対応できるようにするために、**Gunicorn**（またはUvicorn）を使用して**Uvicornワーカー・プロセス**を管理する方法を見ていきました。 + +上記のデプロイのコンセプトのリストから、ワーカーを使うことは主に**レプリケーション**の部分と、**再起動**を少し助けてくれます： + +* セキュリティ - HTTPS +* 起動時の実行 +* 再起動 +* レプリケーション（実行中のプロセス数） +* メモリー +* 開始前の事前のステップ + + +## コンテナとDocker + +次章の[コンテナ内のFastAPI - Docker](./docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}では、その他の**デプロイのコンセプト**を扱うために実施するであろう戦略をいくつか紹介します。 + +また、**GunicornとUvicornワーカー**を含む**公式Dockerイメージ**と、簡単なケースに役立ついくつかのデフォルト設定も紹介します。 + +また、(Gunicornを使わずに)Uvicornプロセスを1つだけ実行するために、**ゼロから独自のイメージを**構築する方法も紹介します。これは簡単なプロセスで、おそらく**Kubernetes**のような分散コンテナ管理システムを使うときにやりたいことでしょう。 + +## まとめ + +Uvicornワーカーを使ったプロセスマネージャとして**Gunicorn**（またはUvicorn）を使えば、**マルチコアCPU**を活用して**複数のプロセスを並列実行**できます。 + +これらのツールやアイデアは、**あなた自身のデプロイシステム**をセットアップしながら、他のデプロイコンセプトを自分で行う場合にも使えます。 + +次の章では、コンテナ（DockerやKubernetesなど）を使った**FastAPI**について学んでいきましょう。これらのツールには、他の**デプロイのコンセプト**も解決する簡単な方法があることがわかるでしょう。✨ diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/external-links.md b/docs/ja/docs/external-links.md index 6703f5fc2..aca5d5b34 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/external-links.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/external-links.md @@ -9,70 +9,21 @@ !!! tip "豆知識" ここにまだ載っていない**FastAPI**に関連する記事、プロジェクト、ツールなどがある場合は、 プルリクエストして下さい。 -## 記事 +{% for section_name, section_content in external_links.items() %} -### 英語 +## {{ section_name }} -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.english %} +{% for lang_name, lang_content in section_content.items() %} + +### {{ lang_name }} + +{% for item in lang_content %} + +* {{ item.title }} by {{ item.author }}. -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. {% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -### 日本語 - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.japanese %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. {% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -### ベトナム語 - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.vietnamese %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. {% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -### ロシア語 - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.russian %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -### ドイツ語 - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.german %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -## ポッドキャスト - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.podcasts.english %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -## トーク - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.talks.english %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} ## プロジェクト diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/fastapi-people.md b/docs/ja/docs/fastapi-people.md index 229d8dde5..11dd656ea 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/fastapi-people.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/fastapi-people.md @@ -115,6 +115,8 @@ FastAPIには、様々なバックグラウンドの人々を歓迎する素晴 彼らは、GitHub Sponsors を介して私の **FastAPI** などに関する活動を支援してくれています。 +{% if sponsors %} + {% if sponsors.gold %} ### Gold Sponsors @@ -142,6 +144,8 @@ FastAPIには、様々なバックグラウンドの人々を歓迎する素晴 {% endfor %} {% endif %} +{% endif %} + ### Individual Sponsors {% if github_sponsors %} diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/features.md b/docs/ja/docs/features.md index 2c406f481..853364f11 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/features.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/features.md @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ ### 現代的なPython -FastAPIの機能はすべて、標準のPython 3.6型宣言に基づいています（Pydanticの功績）。新しい構文はありません。ただの現代的な標準のPythonです。 +FastAPIの機能はすべて、標準のPython 3.8型宣言に基づいています（Pydanticの功績）。新しい構文はありません。ただの現代的な標準のPythonです。 （FastAPIを使用しない場合でも）Pythonの型の使用方法について簡単な復習が必要な場合は、短いチュートリアル（[Python Types](python-types.md){.internal-link target=_blank}）を参照してください。 @@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ FastAPIには非常に使いやすく、非常に強力なIDE/リンター/思考 とうまく連携します**： * Pydanticのデータ構造は、ユーザーが定義するクラスの単なるインスタンスであるため、オートコンプリート、リンティング、mypy、およびユーザーの直感はすべて、検証済みのデータで適切に機能するはずです。 * **高速**： - * ベンチマークでは、Pydanticは他のすべてのテスト済みライブラリよりも高速です。 + * ベンチマークでは、Pydanticは他のすべてのテスト済みライブラリよりも高速です。 * **複雑な構造**を検証： * 階層的なPydanticモデルや、Pythonの「`typing`」の「`list`」と「`dict`」などの利用。 * バリデーターにより、複雑なデータスキーマを明確かつ簡単に定義、チェックし、JSONスキーマとして文書化できます。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/help-fastapi.md b/docs/ja/docs/help-fastapi.md index 166acb586..e753b7ce3 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/help-fastapi.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/help-fastapi.md @@ -82,20 +82,6 @@ GitHubレポジトリでhttps://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi. - -そこで、他の人と手早く会話したり、手助けやアイデアの共有などができます。 - -しかし、「自由な会話」が許容されているので一般的すぎて回答が難しい質問もしやすくなります。そのせいで回答を得られないかもしれません。 - -GitHub issuesでは良い回答を得やすい質問ができるように、もしくは、質問する前に自身で解決できるようにテンプレートがガイドしてくれます。そして、GitHubではたとえ時間がかかっても全てに答えているか確認できます。個人的にはGitterチャットでは同じことはできないです。😅 - -Gitterでの会話はGitHubほど簡単に検索できないので、質問と回答が会話の中に埋もれてしまいます。 - -一方、チャットには1000人以上いるので、いつでも話し相手が見つかる可能性が高いです。😄 - ## 開発者のスポンサーになる GitHub sponsorsを通して開発者を経済的にサポートできます。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/history-design-future.md b/docs/ja/docs/history-design-future.md index 778252d4e..d0d1230c4 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/history-design-future.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/history-design-future.md @@ -77,4 +77,4 @@ **FastAPI**には大きな未来が待っています。 -そして、[あなたの助け](help-fastapi.md){.internal-link target=_blank}を大いに歓迎します。 \ No newline at end of file +そして、[あなたの助け](help-fastapi.md){.internal-link target=_blank}を大いに歓迎します。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/how-to/conditional-openapi.md b/docs/ja/docs/how-to/conditional-openapi.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b892ed6c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/how-to/conditional-openapi.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +# 条件付き OpenAPI + +必要であれば、設定と環境変数を利用して、環境に応じて条件付きでOpenAPIを構成することが可能です。また、完全にOpenAPIを無効にすることもできます。 + +## セキュリティとAPI、およびドキュメントについて + +本番環境においてドキュメントのUIを非表示にすることによって、APIを保護しようと *すべきではありません*。 + +それは、APIのセキュリティの強化にはならず、*path operations* は依然として利用可能です。 + +もしセキュリティ上の欠陥がソースコードにあるならば、それは存在したままです。 + +ドキュメンテーションを非表示にするのは、単にあなたのAPIへのアクセス方法を難解にするだけでなく、同時にあなた自身の本番環境でのAPIのデバッグを困難にしてしまう可能性があります。単純に、 Security through obscurity の一つの形態として考えられるでしょう。 + +もしあなたのAPIのセキュリティを強化したいなら、いくつかのよりよい方法があります。例を示すと、 + +* リクエストボディとレスポンスのためのPydanticモデルの定義を見直す。 +* 依存関係に基づきすべての必要なパーミッションとロールを設定する。 +* パスワードを絶対に平文で保存しない。パスワードハッシュのみを保存する。 +* PasslibやJWTトークンに代表される、よく知られた暗号化ツールを使って実装する。 +* そして必要なところでは、もっと細かいパーミッション制御をOAuth2スコープを使って行う。 +* など + +それでも、例えば本番環境のような特定の環境のみで、あるいは環境変数の設定によってAPIドキュメントをどうしても無効にしたいという、非常に特殊なユースケースがあるかもしれません。 + +## 設定と環境変数による条件付き OpenAPI + +生成するOpenAPIとドキュメントUIの構成は、共通のPydanticの設定を使用して簡単に切り替えられます。 + +例えば、 + +```Python hl_lines="6 11" +{!../../../docs_src/conditional_openapi/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +ここでは `openapi_url` の設定を、デフォルトの `"/openapi.json"` のまま宣言しています。 + +そして、これを `FastAPI` appを作る際に使います。 + +それから、以下のように `OPENAPI_URL` という環境変数を空文字列に設定することによってOpenAPI (UIドキュメントを含む) を無効化することができます。 + +
+ +```console +$ OPENAPI_URL= uvicorn main:app + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +すると、以下のように `/openapi.json`, `/docs`, `/redoc` のどのURLにアクセスしても、 `404 Not Found` エラーが返ってくるようになります。 + +```JSON +{ + "detail": "Not Found" +} +``` diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/index.md b/docs/ja/docs/index.md index 229361503..22c31e7ca 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/index.md @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ --- -FastAPI は、Pythonの標準である型ヒントに基づいてPython 3.6 以降でAPI を構築するための、モダンで、高速(高パフォーマンス)な、Web フレームワークです。 +FastAPI は、Pythonの標準である型ヒントに基づいてPython 3.8 以降でAPI を構築するための、モダンで、高速(高パフォーマンス)な、Web フレームワークです。 主な特徴: @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ FastAPI は、Pythonの標準である型ヒントに基づいてPython 3.6 以 ## 必要条件 -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.8+ FastAPI は巨人の肩の上に立っています。 @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` @@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): 新しい構文や特定のライブラリのメソッドやクラスなどを覚える必要はありません。 -単なる標準的な**3.6 以降の Python**です。 +単なる標準的な**3.8 以降の Python**です。 例えば、`int`の場合: @@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ item: Item - 以下のようなたくさんのおまけ機能(Starlette のおかげです): - **WebSockets** - **GraphQL** - - `requests` や `pytest`をもとにした極限に簡単なテスト + - `httpx` や `pytest`をもとにした極限に簡単なテスト - **CORS** - **クッキーセッション** - ...などなど。 @@ -431,13 +431,11 @@ item: Item Pydantic によって使用されるもの: -- ujson - より速い JSON への"変換". - email_validator - E メールの検証 Starlette によって使用されるもの: -- requests - `TestClient`を使用するために必要です。 -- aiofiles - `FileResponse` または `StaticFiles`を使用したい場合は必要です。 +- httpx - `TestClient`を使用するために必要です。 - jinja2 - デフォルトのテンプレート設定を使用する場合は必要です。 - python-multipart - "parsing"`request.form()`からの変換をサポートしたい場合は必要です。 - itsdangerous - `SessionMiddleware` サポートのためには必要です。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/python-types.md b/docs/ja/docs/python-types.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bbfef2adf --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/python-types.md @@ -0,0 +1,315 @@ +# Pythonの型の紹介 + +**Python 3.6以降** では「型ヒント」オプションがサポートされています。 + +これらの **"型ヒント"** は変数の型を宣言することができる新しい構文です。（Python 3.6以降） + +変数に型を宣言することでエディターやツールがより良いサポートを提供することができます。 + +ここではPythonの型ヒントについての **クイックチュートリアル/リフレッシュ** で、**FastAPI**でそれらを使用するために必要な最低限のことだけをカバーしています。...実際には本当に少ないです。 + +**FastAPI** はすべてこれらの型ヒントに基づいており、多くの強みと利点を与えてくれます。 + +しかしたとえまったく **FastAPI** を使用しない場合でも、それらについて少し学ぶことで利点を得ることができるでしょう。 + +!!! note "備考" + もしあなたがPythonの専門家で、すでに型ヒントについてすべて知っているのであれば、次の章まで読み飛ばしてください。 + +## 動機 + +簡単な例から始めてみましょう: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +このプログラムを実行すると以下が出力されます: + +``` +John Doe +``` + +この関数は以下のようなことを行います: + +* `first_name`と`last_name`を取得します。 +* `title()`を用いて、それぞれの最初の文字を大文字に変換します。 +* 真ん中にスペースを入れて連結します。 + +```Python hl_lines="2" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### 編集 + +これはとても簡単なプログラムです。 + +しかし、今、あなたがそれを一から書いていたと想像してみてください。 + +パラメータの準備ができていたら、そのとき、関数の定義を始めていたことでしょう... + +しかし、そうすると「最初の文字を大文字に変換するあのメソッド」を呼び出す必要があります。 + +それは`upper`でしたか？`uppercase`でしたか？それとも`first_uppercase`？または`capitalize`？ + +そして、古くからプログラマーの友人であるエディタで自動補完を試してみます。 + +関数の最初のパラメータ`first_name`を入力し、ドット(`.`)を入力してから、`Ctrl+Space`を押すと補完が実行されます。 + +しかし、悲しいことに、これはなんの役にも立ちません: + + + +### 型の追加 + +先ほどのコードから一行変更してみましょう。 + +以下の関数のパラメータ部分を: + +```Python + first_name, last_name +``` + +以下へ変更します: + +```Python + first_name: str, last_name: str +``` + +これだけです。 + +それが「型ヒント」です: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +これは、以下のようにデフォルト値を宣言するのと同じではありません: + +```Python + first_name="john", last_name="doe" +``` + +それとは別物です。 + +イコール（`=`）ではなく、コロン（`:`）を使用します。 + +そして、通常、型ヒントを追加しても、それらがない状態と起こることは何も変わりません。 + +しかし今、あなたが再びその関数を作成している最中に、型ヒントを使っていると想像してみて下さい。 + +同じタイミングで`Ctrl+Space`で自動補完を実行すると、以下のようになります: + + + +これであれば、あなたは「ベルを鳴らす」一つを見つけるまで、オプションを見て、スクロールすることができます: + + + +## より強い動機 + +この関数を見てください。すでに型ヒントを持っています: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +エディタは変数の型を知っているので、補完だけでなく、エラーチェックをすることもできます。 + + + +これで`age`を`str(age)`で文字列に変換して修正する必要があることがわかります: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +## 型の宣言 + +関数のパラメータとして、型ヒントを宣言している主な場所を確認しました。 + +これは **FastAPI** で使用する主な場所でもあります。 + +### 単純な型 + +`str`だけでなく、Pythonの標準的な型すべてを宣言することができます。 + +例えば、以下を使用可能です: + +* `int` +* `float` +* `bool` +* `bytes` + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +### 型パラメータを持つジェネリック型 + +データ構造の中には、`dict`、`list`、`set`、そして`tuple`のように他の値を含むことができるものがあります。また内部の値も独自の型を持つことができます。 + +これらの型や内部の型を宣言するには、Pythonの標準モジュール`typing`を使用します。 + +これらの型ヒントをサポートするために特別に存在しています。 + +#### `List` + +例えば、`str`の`list`の変数を定義してみましょう。 + +`typing`から`List`をインポートします（大文字の`L`を含む）: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +同じようにコロン（`:`）の構文で変数を宣言します。 + +型として、`List`を入力します。 + +リストはいくつかの内部の型を含む型なので、それらを角括弧で囲んでいます。 + +```Python hl_lines="4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "豆知識" + 角括弧内の内部の型は「型パラメータ」と呼ばれています。 + + この場合、`str`は`List`に渡される型パラメータです。 + +つまり: 変数`items`は`list`であり、このリストの各項目は`str`です。 + +そうすることで、エディタはリストの項目を処理している間にもサポートを提供できます。 + + + +タイプがなければ、それはほぼ不可能です。 + +変数`item`はリスト`items`の要素の一つであることに注意してください。 + +それでも、エディタはそれが`str`であることを知っていて、そのためのサポートを提供しています。 + +#### `Tuple` と `Set` + +`tuple`と`set`の宣言も同様です: + +```Python hl_lines="1 4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +つまり: + +* 変数`items_t`は`int`、`int`、`str`の3つの項目を持つ`tuple`です + +* 変数`items_s`はそれぞれの項目が`bytes`型である`set`です。 + +#### `Dict` + +`dict`を宣言するためには、カンマ区切りで2つの型パラメータを渡します。 + +最初の型パラメータは`dict`のキーです。 + +２番目の型パラメータは`dict`の値です。 + +```Python hl_lines="1 4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008.py!} +``` + +つまり: + +* 変数`prices`は`dict`であり: + * この`dict`のキーは`str`型です。（つまり、各項目の名前） + * この`dict`の値は`float`型です。（つまり、各項目の価格） + +#### `Optional` + +また、`Optional`を使用して、変数が`str`のような型を持つことを宣言することもできますが、それは「オプション」であり、`None`にすることもできます。 + +```Python hl_lines="1 4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!} +``` + +ただの`str`の代わりに`Optional[str]`を使用することで、エディタは値が常に`str`であると仮定している場合に実際には`None`である可能性があるエラーを検出するのに役立ちます。 + +#### ジェネリック型 + +以下のように角括弧で型パラメータを取る型を: + +* `List` +* `Tuple` +* `Set` +* `Dict` +* `Optional` +* ...など + +**ジェネリック型** または **ジェネリクス** と呼びます。 + +### 型としてのクラス + +変数の型としてクラスを宣言することもできます。 + +例えば、`Person`クラスという名前のクラスがあるとしましょう: + +```Python hl_lines="1 2 3" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial010.py!} +``` + +変数の型を`Person`として宣言することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial010.py!} +``` + +そして、再び、すべてのエディタのサポートを得ることができます: + + + +## Pydanticのモデル + +Pydantic はデータ検証を行うためのPythonライブラリです。 + +データの「形」を属性付きのクラスとして宣言します。 + +そして、それぞれの属性は型を持ちます。 + +さらに、いくつかの値を持つクラスのインスタンスを作成すると、その値を検証し、適切な型に変換して（もしそうであれば）全てのデータを持つオブジェクトを提供してくれます。 + +また、その結果のオブジェクトですべてのエディタのサポートを受けることができます。 + +Pydanticの公式ドキュメントから引用: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011.py!} +``` + +!!! info "情報" + Pydanticについてより学びたい方はドキュメントを参照してください. + +**FastAPI** はすべてPydanticをベースにしています。 + +すべてのことは[チュートリアル - ユーザーガイド](tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}で実際に見ることができます。 + +## **FastAPI**での型ヒント + +**FastAPI** はこれらの型ヒントを利用していくつかのことを行います。 + +**FastAPI** では型ヒントを使って型パラメータを宣言すると以下のものが得られます: + +* **エディタサポート**. +* **型チェック**. + +...そして **FastAPI** は同じように宣言をすると、以下のことを行います: + +* **要件の定義**: リクエストパスパラメータ、クエリパラメータ、ヘッダー、ボディ、依存関係などから要件を定義します。 +* **データの変換**: リクエストのデータを必要な型に変換します。 +* **データの検証**: リクエストごとに: + * データが無効な場合にクライアントに返される **自動エラー** を生成します。 +* **ドキュメント** OpenAPIを使用したAPI: + * 自動的に対話型ドキュメントのユーザーインターフェイスで使用されます。 + +すべてが抽象的に聞こえるかもしれません。心配しないでください。 この全ての動作は [チュートリアル - ユーザーガイド](tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}で見ることができます。 + +重要なのは、Pythonの標準的な型を使うことで、（クラスやデコレータなどを追加するのではなく）１つの場所で **FastAPI** が多くの作業を代わりにやってくれているということです。 + +!!! info "情報" + すでにすべてのチュートリアルを終えて、型についての詳細を見るためにこのページに戻ってきた場合は、`mypy`のチートシートを参照してください diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6094c370f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +# バックグラウンドタスク + +レスポンスを返した *後に* 実行されるバックグラウンドタスクを定義できます。 + +これは、リクエスト後に処理を開始する必要があるが、クライアントがレスポンスを受け取る前に処理を終える必要のない操作に役立ちます。 + +これには、たとえば次のものが含まれます。 + +* 作業実行後のメール通知: + * メールサーバーへの接続とメールの送信は「遅い」(数秒) 傾向があるため、すぐにレスポンスを返し、バックグラウンドでメール通知ができます。 +* データ処理: + * たとえば、時間のかかる処理を必要とするファイル受信時には、「受信済み」(HTTP 202) のレスポンスを返し、バックグラウンドで処理できます。 + +## `BackgroundTasks` の使用 + +まず初めに、`BackgroundTasks` をインポートし、` BackgroundTasks` の型宣言と共に、*path operation 関数* のパラメーターを定義します: + +```Python hl_lines="1 13" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +**FastAPI** は、`BackgroundTasks` 型のオブジェクトを作成し、そのパラメーターに渡します。 + +## タスク関数の作成 + +バックグラウンドタスクとして実行される関数を作成します。 + +これは、パラメーターを受け取ることができる単なる標準的な関数です。 + +これは `async def` または通常の `def` 関数であり、**FastAPI** はこれを正しく処理します。 + +ここで、タスク関数はファイル書き込みを実行します (メール送信のシミュレーション)。 + +また、書き込み操作では `async` と `await` を使用しないため、通常の `def` で関数を定義します。 + +```Python hl_lines="6-9" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## バックグラウンドタスクの追加 + +*path operations 関数* 内で、`.add_task()` メソッドを使用してタスク関数を *background tasks* オブジェクトに渡します。 + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`.add_task()` は以下の引数を受け取ります: + +* バックグラウンドで実行されるタスク関数 (`write_notification`)。 +* タスク関数に順番に渡す必要のある引数の列 (`email`)。 +* タスク関数に渡す必要のあるキーワード引数 (`message="some notification"`)。 + +## 依存性注入 + +`BackgroundTasks` の使用は依存性注入システムでも機能し、様々な階層 (*path operations 関数*、依存性 (依存可能性)、サブ依存性など) で `BackgroundTasks` 型のパラメーターを宣言できます。 + +**FastAPI** は、それぞれの場合の処理​​方法と同じオブジェクトの再利用方法を知っているため、すべてのバックグラウンドタスクがマージされ、バックグラウンドで後で実行されます。 + +```Python hl_lines="13 15 22 25" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +この例では、レスポンスが送信された *後* にメッセージが `log.txt` ファイルに書き込まれます。 + +リクエストにクエリがあった場合、バックグラウンドタスクでログに書き込まれます。 + +そして、*path operations 関数* で生成された別のバックグラウンドタスクは、`email` パスパラメータを使用してメッセージを書き込みます。 + +## 技術的な詳細 + +`BackgroundTasks` クラスは、`starlette.background`から直接取得されます。 + +これは、FastAPI に直接インポート/インクルードされるため、`fastapi` からインポートできる上に、`starlette.background`から別の `BackgroundTask` (末尾に `s` がない) を誤ってインポートすることを回避できます。 + +`BackgroundTasks`のみを使用することで (`BackgroundTask` ではなく)、`Request` オブジェクトを直接使用する場合と同様に、それを *path operations 関数* パラメーターとして使用し、**FastAPI** に残りの処理を任せることができます。 + +それでも、FastAPI で `BackgroundTask` を単独で使用することは可能ですが、コード内でオブジェクトを作成し、それを含むStarlette `Response` を返す必要があります。 + +詳細については、バックグラウンドタスクに関する Starlette の公式ドキュメントを参照して下さい。 + +## 警告 + +大量のバックグラウンド計算が必要であり、必ずしも同じプロセスで実行する必要がない場合 (たとえば、メモリや変数などを共有する必要がない場合)、Celery のようなより大きな他のツールを使用するとメリットがあるかもしれません。 + +これらは、より複雑な構成、RabbitMQ や Redis などのメッセージ/ジョブキューマネージャーを必要とする傾向がありますが、複数のプロセス、特に複数のサーバーでバックグラウンドタスクを実行できます。 + +例を確認するには、[Project Generators](../project-generation.md){.internal-link target=_blank} を参照してください。これらにはすべて、Celery が構築済みです。 + +ただし、同じ **FastAPI** アプリから変数とオブジェクトにアクセスする必要がある場合、または小さなバックグラウンドタスク (電子メール通知の送信など) を実行する必要がある場合は、単に `BackgroundTasks` を使用できます。 + +## まとめ + +`BackgroundTasks` をインポートして、*path operations 関数* や依存関係のパラメータに `BackgroundTasks`を使用し、バックグラウンドタスクを追加して下さい。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f01e8216 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +# ボディ - フィールド + +`Query`や`Path`、`Body`を使って *path operation関数* のパラメータに追加のバリデーションやメタデータを宣言するのと同じように、Pydanticの`Field`を使ってPydanticモデルの内部でバリデーションやメタデータを宣言することができます。 + +## `Field`のインポート + +まず、以下のようにインポートします: + +```Python hl_lines="4" +{!../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! warning "注意" + `Field`は他の全てのもの（`Query`、`Path`、`Body`など）とは違い、`fastapi`からではなく、`pydantic`から直接インポートされていることに注意してください。 + +## モデルの属性の宣言 + +以下のように`Field`をモデルの属性として使用することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="11 12 13 14" +{!../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`Field`は`Query`や`Path`、`Body`と同じように動作し、全く同様のパラメータなどを持ちます。 + +!!! note "技術詳細" + 実際には次に見る`Query`や`Path`などは、共通の`Param`クラスのサブクラスのオブジェクトを作成しますが、それ自体はPydanticの`FieldInfo`クラスのサブクラスです。 + + また、Pydanticの`Field`は`FieldInfo`のインスタンスも返します。 + + `Body`は`FieldInfo`のサブクラスのオブジェクトを直接返すこともできます。そして、他にも`Body`クラスのサブクラスであるものがあります。 + + `fastapi`から`Query`や`Path`などをインポートする場合、これらは実際には特殊なクラスを返す関数であることに注意してください。 + +!!! tip "豆知識" + 型、デフォルト値、`Field`を持つ各モデルの属性が、`Path`や`Query`、`Body`の代わりに`Field`を持つ、*path operation 関数の*パラメータと同じ構造になっていることに注目してください。 + +## 追加情報の追加 + +追加情報は`Field`や`Query`、`Body`などで宣言することができます。そしてそれは生成されたJSONスキーマに含まれます。 + +後に例を用いて宣言を学ぶ際に、追加情報を句悪方法を学べます。 + +## まとめ + +Pydanticの`Field`を使用して、モデルの属性に追加のバリデーションやメタデータを宣言することができます。 + +追加のキーワード引数を使用して、追加のJSONスキーマのメタデータを渡すこともできます。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ba10c583 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,169 @@ +# ボディ - 複数のパラメータ + +これまで`Path`と`Query`をどう使うかを見てきましたが、リクエストボディの宣言のより高度な使い方を見てみましょう。 + +## `Path`、`Query`とボディパラメータを混ぜる + +まず、もちろん、`Path`と`Query`とリクエストボディのパラメータの宣言は自由に混ぜることができ、 **FastAPI** は何をするべきかを知っています。 + +また、デフォルトの`None`を設定することで、ボディパラメータをオプションとして宣言することもできます: + +```Python hl_lines="19 20 21" +{!../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "備考" + この場合、ボディから取得する`item`はオプションであることに注意してください。デフォルト値は`None`です。 + +## 複数のボディパラメータ + +上述の例では、*path operations*は`item`の属性を持つ以下のようなJSONボディを期待していました: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 +} +``` + +しかし、`item`と`user`のように複数のボディパラメータを宣言することもできます: + +```Python hl_lines="22" +{!../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +この場合、**FastAPI**は関数内に複数のボディパラメータ（Pydanticモデルである２つのパラメータ）があることに気付きます。 + +そのため、パラメータ名をボディのキー（フィールド名）として使用し、以下のようなボディを期待しています: + +```JSON +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + }, + "user": { + "username": "dave", + "full_name": "Dave Grohl" + } +} +``` + +!!! note "備考" + 以前と同じように`item`が宣言されていたにもかかわらず、`item`はキー`item`を持つボディの内部にあることが期待されていることに注意してください。 + +**FastAPI** はリクエストから自動で変換を行い、パラメータ`item`が特定の内容を受け取り、`user`も同じように特定の内容を受け取ります。 + +複合データの検証を行い、OpenAPIスキーマや自動ドキュメントのように文書化してくれます。 + +## ボディ内の単数値 + +クエリとパスパラメータの追加データを定義するための `Query` と `Path` があるのと同じように、 **FastAPI** は同等の `Body` を提供します。 + +例えば、前のモデルを拡張して、同じボディに `item` と `user` の他にもう一つのキー `importance` を入れたいと決めることができます。 + +単数値なのでそのまま宣言すると、**FastAPI** はそれがクエリパラメータであるとみなします。 + +しかし、`Body`を使用して、**FastAPI** に別のボディキーとして扱うように指示することができます: + + +```Python hl_lines="23" +{!../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +この場合、**FastAPI** は以下のようなボディを期待します: + + +```JSON +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + }, + "user": { + "username": "dave", + "full_name": "Dave Grohl" + }, + "importance": 5 +} +``` + +繰り返しになりますが、データ型の変換、検証、文書化などを行います。 + +## 複数のボディパラメータとクエリ + +もちろん、ボディパラメータに加えて、必要に応じて追加のクエリパラメータを宣言することもできます。 + +デフォルトでは、単数値はクエリパラメータとして解釈されるので、明示的に `Query` を追加する必要はありません。 + +```Python +q: str = None +``` + +以下において: + +```Python hl_lines="27" +{!../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +!!! info "情報" + `Body`もまた、後述する `Query` や `Path` などと同様に、すべての検証パラメータとメタデータパラメータを持っています。 + + +## 単一のボディパラメータの埋め込み + +Pydanticモデル`Item`のボディパラメータ`item`を1つだけ持っているとしましょう。 + +デフォルトでは、**FastAPI**はそのボディを直接期待します。 + +しかし、追加のボディパラメータを宣言したときのように、キー `item` を持つ JSON とその中のモデルの内容を期待したい場合は、特別な `Body` パラメータ `embed` を使うことができます: + +```Python +item: Item = Body(..., embed=True) +``` + +以下において: + +```Python hl_lines="17" +{!../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +この場合、**FastAPI** は以下のようなボディを期待します: + +```JSON hl_lines="2" +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + } +} +``` + +以下の代わりに: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 +} +``` + +## まとめ + +リクエストが単一のボディしか持てない場合でも、*path operation関数*に複数のボディパラメータを追加することができます。 + +しかし、**FastAPI** はそれを処理し、関数内の正しいデータを与え、*path operation*内の正しいスキーマを検証し、文書化します。 + +また、ボディの一部として受け取る単数値を宣言することもできます。 + +また、単一のパラメータしか宣言されていない場合でも、ボディをキーに埋め込むように **FastAPI** に指示することができます。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7f916c47a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md @@ -0,0 +1,244 @@ +# ボディ - ネストされたモデル + +**FastAPI** を使用すると、深くネストされた任意のモデルを定義、検証、文書化、使用することができます（Pydanticのおかげです）。 + +## リストのフィールド + +属性をサブタイプとして定義することができます。例えば、Pythonの`list`は以下のように定義できます: + +```Python hl_lines="12" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +これにより、各項目の型は宣言されていませんが、`tags`はある項目のリストになります。 + +## タイプパラメータを持つリストのフィールド + +しかし、Pythonには型や「タイプパラメータ」を使ってリストを宣言する方法があります: + +### typingの`List`をインポート + +まず、Pythonの標準の`typing`モジュールから`List`をインポートします: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +### タイプパラメータを持つ`List`の宣言 + +`list`や`dict`、`tuple`のようなタイプパラメータ（内部の型）を持つ型を宣言するには: + +* `typing`モジュールからそれらをインストールします。 +* 角括弧（`[`と`]`）を使って「タイプパラメータ」として内部の型を渡します: + +```Python +from typing import List + +my_list: List[str] +``` + +型宣言の標準的なPythonの構文はこれだけです。 + +内部の型を持つモデルの属性にも同じ標準の構文を使用してください。 + +そのため、以下の例では`tags`を具体的な「文字列のリスト」にすることができます: + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## セット型 + +しかし、よく考えてみると、タグは繰り返すべきではなく、おそらくユニークな文字列になるのではないかと気付いたとします。 + +そして、Pythonにはユニークな項目のセットのための特別なデータ型`set`があります。 + +そのため、以下のように、`Set`をインポートして`str`の`set`として`tags`を宣言することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="1 14" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +これを使えば、データが重複しているリクエストを受けた場合でも、ユニークな項目のセットに変換されます。 + +そして、そのデータを出力すると、たとえソースに重複があったとしても、固有の項目のセットとして出力されます。 + +また、それに応じて注釈をつけたり、文書化したりします。 + +## ネストされたモデル + +Pydanticモデルの各属性には型があります。 + +しかし、その型はそれ自体が別のPydanticモデルである可能性があります。 + +そのため、特定の属性名、型、バリデーションを指定して、深くネストしたJSON`object`を宣言することができます。 + +すべては、任意のネストにされています。 + +### サブモデルの定義 + +例えば、`Image`モデルを定義することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="9 10 11" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +### サブモデルを型として使用 + +そして、それを属性の型として使用することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="20" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +これは **FastAPI** が以下のようなボディを期待することを意味します: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2, + "tags": ["rock", "metal", "bar"], + "image": { + "url": "http://example.com/baz.jpg", + "name": "The Foo live" + } +} +``` + +繰り返しになりますが、**FastAPI** を使用して、その宣言を行うだけで以下のような恩恵を受けられます: + +* ネストされたモデルでも対応可能なエディタのサポート（補完など） +* データ変換 +* データの検証 +* 自動文書化 + +## 特殊な型とバリデーション + +`str`や`int`、`float`のような通常の単数型の他にも、`str`を継承したより複雑な単数型を使うこともできます。 + +すべてのオプションをみるには、Pydanticのエキゾチック な型のドキュメントを確認してください。次の章でいくつかの例をみることができます。 + +例えば、`Image`モデルのように`url`フィールドがある場合、`str`の代わりにPydanticの`HttpUrl`を指定することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="4 10" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +文字列は有効なURLであることが確認され、そのようにJSONスキーマ・OpenAPIで文書化されます。 + +## サブモデルのリストを持つ属性 + +Pydanticモデルを`list`や`set`などのサブタイプとして使用することもできます: + +```Python hl_lines="20" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +これは、次のようなJSONボディを期待します（変換、検証、ドキュメントなど）: + +```JSON hl_lines="11" +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2, + "tags": [ + "rock", + "metal", + "bar" + ], + "images": [ + { + "url": "http://example.com/baz.jpg", + "name": "The Foo live" + }, + { + "url": "http://example.com/dave.jpg", + "name": "The Baz" + } + ] +} +``` + +!!! info "情報" + `images`キーが画像オブジェクトのリストを持つようになったことに注目してください。 + +## 深くネストされたモデル + +深くネストされた任意のモデルを定義することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="9 14 20 23 27" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +!!! info "情報" + `Offer`は`Item`のリストであり、オプションの`Image`のリストを持っていることに注目してください。 + +## 純粋なリストのボディ + +期待するJSONボディのトップレベルの値がJSON`array`（Pythonの`list`）であれば、Pydanticモデルと同じように、関数のパラメータで型を宣言することができます: + +```Python +images: List[Image] +``` + +以下のように: + +```Python hl_lines="15" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial008.py!} +``` + +## あらゆる場所でのエディタサポート + +エディタのサポートもどこでも受けることができます。 + +以下のようにリストの中の項目でも: + + + +Pydanticモデルではなく、`dict`を直接使用している場合はこのようなエディタのサポートは得られません。 + +しかし、それらについて心配する必要はありません。入力された辞書は自動的に変換され、出力も自動的にJSONに変換されます。 + +## 任意の`dict`のボディ + +また、ある型のキーと別の型の値を持つ`dict`としてボディを宣言することもできます。 + +有効なフィールド・属性名を事前に知る必要がありません（Pydanticモデルの場合のように）。 + +これは、まだ知らないキーを受け取りたいときに便利だと思います。 + +--- + +他にも、`int`のように他の型のキーを持ちたい場合などに便利です。 + +それをここで見ていきましょう。 + +この場合、`int`のキーと`float`の値を持つものであれば、どんな`dict`でも受け入れることができます: + +```Python hl_lines="15" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "豆知識" + JSONはキーとして`str`しかサポートしていないことに注意してください。 + + しかしPydanticには自動データ変換機能があります。 + + これは、APIクライアントがキーとして文字列しか送信できなくても、それらの文字列に純粋な整数が含まれている限り、Pydanticが変換して検証することを意味します。 + + そして、`weights`として受け取る`dict`は、実際には`int`のキーと`float`の値を持つことになります。 + +## まとめ + +**FastAPI** を使用すると、Pydanticモデルが提供する最大限の柔軟性を持ちながら、コードをシンプルに短く、エレガントに保つことができます。 + +以下のような利点があります: + +* エディタのサポート（どこでも補完！） +* データ変換（別名：構文解析・シリアライズ） +* データの検証 +* スキーマ文書 +* 自動文書化 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/body.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/body.md index 9367ea257..d2559205b 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/body.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/body.md @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ APIはほとんどの場合 **レスポンス** ボディを送らなければ PyCharmエディタを使用している場合は、Pydantic PyCharm Pluginが使用可能です。 以下のエディターサポートが強化されます: - + * 自動補完 * 型チェック * リファクタリング @@ -157,9 +157,9 @@ APIはほとんどの場合 **レスポンス** ボディを送らなければ !!! note "備考" FastAPIは、`= None`があるおかげで、`q`がオプショナルだとわかります。 - + `Optional[str]` の`Optional` はFastAPIでは使用されていません（FastAPIは`str`の部分のみ使用します）。しかし、`Optional[str]` はエディタがコードのエラーを見つけるのを助けてくれます。 ## Pydanticを使わない方法 -もしPydanticモデルを使用したくない場合は、**ボディ**パラメータが利用できます。[Body - Multiple Parameters: Singular values in body](body-multiple-params.md#singular-values-in-body){.internal-link target=_blank}を確認してください。 +もしPydanticモデルを使用したくない場合は、**Body**パラメータが利用できます。[Body - Multiple Parameters: Singular values in body](body-multiple-params.md#singular-values-in-body){.internal-link target=_blank}を確認してください。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5c150d00c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ +# 依存関係としてのクラス + +**依存性注入** システムを深く掘り下げる前に、先ほどの例をアップグレードしてみましょう。 + +## 前の例の`dict` + +前の例では、依存関係（"dependable"）から`dict`を返していました: + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +しかし、*path operation関数*のパラメータ`commons`に`dict`が含まれています。 + +また、エディタは`dict`のキーと値の型を知ることができないため、多くのサポート（補完のような）を提供することができません。 + +もっとうまくやれるはずです...。 + +## 依存関係を作るもの + +これまでは、依存関係が関数として宣言されているのを見てきました。 + +しかし、依存関係を定義する方法はそれだけではありません（その方が一般的かもしれませんが）。 + +重要なのは、依存関係が「呼び出し可能」なものであることです。 + +Pythonにおける「**呼び出し可能**」とは、Pythonが関数のように「呼び出す」ことができるものを指します。 + +そのため、`something`オブジェクト（関数ではないかもしれませんが）を持っていて、それを次のように「呼び出す」（実行する）ことができるとします: + +```Python +something() +``` + +または + +```Python +something(some_argument, some_keyword_argument="foo") +``` + +これを「呼び出し可能」なものと呼びます。 + +## 依存関係としてのクラス + +Pythonのクラスのインスタンスを作成する際に、同じ構文を使用していることに気づくかもしれません。 + +例えば: + +```Python +class Cat: + def __init__(self, name: str): + self.name = name + + +fluffy = Cat(name="Mr Fluffy") +``` + +この場合、`fluffy`は`Cat`クラスのインスタンスです。 + +そして`fluffy`を作成するために、`Cat`を「呼び出している」ことになります。 + +そのため、Pythonのクラスもまた「呼び出し可能」です。 + +そして、**FastAPI** では、Pythonのクラスを依存関係として使用することができます。 + +FastAPIが実際にチェックしているのは、それが「呼び出し可能」（関数、クラス、その他なんでも）であり、パラメータが定義されているかどうかということです。 + +**FastAPI** の依存関係として「呼び出し可能なもの」を渡すと、その「呼び出し可能なもの」のパラメータを解析し、サブ依存関係も含めて、*path operation関数*のパラメータと同じように処理します。 + +それは、パラメータが全くない呼び出し可能なものにも適用されます。パラメータのない*path operation関数*と同じように。 + +そこで、上で紹介した依存関係の`common_parameters`を`CommonQueryParams`クラスに変更します: + +```Python hl_lines="11 12 13 14 15" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +クラスのインスタンスを作成するために使用される`__init__`メソッドに注目してください: + +```Python hl_lines="12" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +...以前の`common_parameters`と同じパラメータを持っています: + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +これらのパラメータは **FastAPI** が依存関係を「解決」するために使用するものです。 + +どちらの場合も以下を持っています: + +* オプショナルの`q`クエリパラメータ。 +* `skip`クエリパラメータ、デフォルトは`0`。 +* `limit`クエリパラメータ、デフォルトは`100`。 + +どちらの場合も、データは変換され、検証され、OpenAPIスキーマなどで文書化されます。 + +## 使用 + +これで、このクラスを使用して依存関係を宣言することができます。 + +```Python hl_lines="19" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +**FastAPI** は`CommonQueryParams`クラスを呼び出します。これにより、そのクラスの「インスタンス」が作成され、インスタンスはパラメータ`commons`として関数に渡されます。 + +## 型注釈と`Depends` + +上のコードでは`CommonQueryParams`を２回書いていることに注目してください: + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +以下にある最後の`CommonQueryParams`: + +```Python +... = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +...は、**FastAPI** が依存関係を知るために実際に使用するものです。 + +そこからFastAPIが宣言されたパラメータを抽出し、それが実際にFastAPIが呼び出すものです。 + +--- + +この場合、以下にある最初の`CommonQueryParams`: + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams ... +``` + +...は **FastAPI** に対して特別な意味をもちません。FastAPIはデータ変換や検証などには使用しません（それらのためには`= Depends(CommonQueryParams)`を使用しています）。 + +実際には以下のように書けばいいだけです: + +```Python +commons = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +以下にあるように: + +```Python hl_lines="19" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +しかし、型を宣言することは推奨されています。そうすれば、エディタは`commons`のパラメータとして何が渡されるかを知ることができ、コードの補完や型チェックなどを行うのに役立ちます: + + + +## ショートカット + +しかし、ここでは`CommonQueryParams`を２回書くというコードの繰り返しが発生していることがわかります: + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +依存関係が、クラス自体のインスタンスを作成するために**FastAPI**が「呼び出す」*特定の*クラスである場合、**FastAPI** はこれらのケースのショートカットを提供しています。 + +それらの具体的なケースについては以下のようにします: + +以下のように書く代わりに: + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +...以下のように書きます: + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends() +``` + +パラメータの型として依存関係を宣言し、`Depends()`の中でパラメータを指定せず、`Depends()`をその関数のパラメータの「デフォルト」値（`=`のあとの値）として使用することで、`Depends(CommonQueryParams)`の中でクラス全体を*もう一度*書かなくてもよくなります。 + +同じ例では以下のようになります: + +```Python hl_lines="19" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +...そして **FastAPI** は何をすべきか知っています。 + +!!! tip "豆知識" + 役に立つというよりも、混乱するようであれば無視してください。それをする*必要*はありません。 + + それは単なるショートカットです。なぜなら **FastAPI** はコードの繰り返しを最小限に抑えることに気を使っているからです。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1684d9ca1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +# path operationデコレータの依存関係 + +場合によっては*path operation関数*の中で依存関係の戻り値を本当に必要としないこともあります。 + +もしくは、依存関係が値を返さない場合もあります。 + +しかし、それでも実行・解決する必要があります。 + +このような場合、*path operation関数*のパラメータを`Depends`で宣言する代わりに、*path operation decorator*に`dependencies`の`list`を追加することができます。 + +## *path operationデコレータ*への`dependencies`の追加 + +*path operationデコレータ*はオプショナルの引数`dependencies`を受け取ります。 + +それは`Depends()`の`list`であるべきです: + +```Python hl_lines="17" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +これらの依存関係は、通常の依存関係と同様に実行・解決されます。しかし、それらの値（何かを返す場合）は*path operation関数*には渡されません。 + +!!! tip "豆知識" + エディタによっては、未使用の関数パラメータをチェックしてエラーとして表示するものもあります。 + + `dependencies`を`path operationデコレータ`で使用することで、エディタやツールのエラーを回避しながら確実に実行することができます。 + + また、コードの未使用のパラメータがあるのを見て、それが不要だと思ってしまうような新しい開発者の混乱を避けるのにも役立つかもしれません。 + +## 依存関係のエラーと戻り値 + +通常使用している依存関係の*関数*と同じものを使用することができます。 + +### 依存関係の要件 + +これらはリクエストの要件（ヘッダのようなもの）やその他のサブ依存関係を宣言することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="6 11" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +### 例外の発生 + +これらの依存関係は通常の依存関係と同じように、例外を`raise`発生させることができます: + +```Python hl_lines="8 13" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +### 戻り値 + +そして、値を返すことも返さないこともできますが、値は使われません。 + +つまり、すでにどこかで使っている通常の依存関係（値を返すもの）を再利用することができ、値は使われなくても依存関係は実行されます: + +```Python hl_lines="9 14" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +## *path operations*のグループに対する依存関係 + +後で、より大きなアプリケーションの構造([Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](../../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank})について読む時に、おそらく複数のファイルを使用して、*path operations*のグループに対して単一の`dependencies`パラメータを宣言する方法を学ぶでしょう。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2a89e51d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md @@ -0,0 +1,225 @@ +# yieldを持つ依存関係 + +FastAPIは、いくつかの終了後の追加のステップを行う依存関係をサポートしています。 + +これを行うには、`return`の代わりに`yield`を使い、その後に追加のステップを書きます。 + +!!! tip "豆知識" + `yield`は必ず一度だけ使用するようにしてください。 + +!!! info "情報" + これを動作させるには、**Python 3.7** 以上を使用するか、**Python 3.6** では"backports"をインストールする必要があります: + + ``` + pip install async-exit-stack async-generator + ``` + + これによりasync-exit-stackとasync-generatorがインストールされます。 + +!!! note "技術詳細" + 以下と一緒に使用できる関数なら何でも有効です: + + * `@contextlib.contextmanager`または + * `@contextlib.asynccontextmanager` + + これらは **FastAPI** の依存関係として使用するのに有効です。 + + 実際、FastAPIは内部的にこれら２つのデコレータを使用しています。 + +## `yield`を持つデータベースの依存関係 + +例えば、これを使ってデータベースセッションを作成し、終了後にそれを閉じることができます。 + +レスポンスを送信する前に`yield`文を含む前のコードのみが実行されます。 + +```Python hl_lines="2 3 4" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +生成された値は、*path operations*や他の依存関係に注入されるものです: + +```Python hl_lines="4" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +`yield`文に続くコードは、レスポンスが送信された後に実行されます: + +```Python hl_lines="5 6" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "豆知識" + `async`や通常の関数を使用することができます。 + + **FastAPI** は、通常の依存関係と同じように、それぞれで正しいことを行います。 + +## `yield`と`try`を持つ依存関係 + +`yield`を持つ依存関係で`try`ブロックを使用した場合、その依存関係を使用した際に発生した例外を受け取ることになります。 + +例えば、途中のどこかの時点で、別の依存関係や*path operation*の中で、データベーストランザクションを「ロールバック」したり、その他のエラーを作成したりするコードがあった場合、依存関係の中で例外を受け取ることになります。 + +そのため、依存関係の中にある特定の例外を`except SomeException`で探すことができます。 + +同様に、`finally`を用いて例外があったかどうかにかかわらず、終了ステップを確実に実行することができます。 + +```Python hl_lines="3 5" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +## `yield`を持つサブ依存関係 + +任意の大きさや形のサブ依存関係やサブ依存関係の「ツリー」を持つことができ、その中で`yield`を使用することができます。 + +**FastAPI** は、`yield`を持つ各依存関係の「終了コード」が正しい順番で実行されていることを確認します。 + +例えば、`dependency_c`は`dependency_b`と`dependency_b`に依存する`dependency_a`に、依存することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="4 12 20" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008.py!} +``` + +そして、それらはすべて`yield`を使用することができます。 + +この場合、`dependency_c`は終了コードを実行するために、`dependency_b`（ここでは`dep_b`という名前）の値がまだ利用可能である必要があります。 + +そして、`dependency_b`は`dependency_a`（ここでは`dep_a`という名前）の値を終了コードで利用できるようにする必要があります。 + +```Python hl_lines="16 17 24 25" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008.py!} +``` + +同様に、`yield`と`return`が混在した依存関係を持つこともできます。 + +また、単一の依存関係を持っていて、`yield`などの他の依存関係をいくつか必要とすることもできます。 + +依存関係の組み合わせは自由です。 + +**FastAPI** は、全てが正しい順序で実行されていることを確認します。 + +!!! note "技術詳細" + これはPythonのContext Managersのおかげで動作します。 + + **FastAPI** はこれを実現するために内部的に使用しています。 + +## `yield`と`HTTPException`を持つ依存関係 + +`yield`と例外をキャッチする`try`ブロックを持つことができる依存関係を使用することができることがわかりました。 + +`yield`の後の終了コードで`HTTPException`などを発生させたくなるかもしれません。しかし**それはうまくいきません** + +`yield`を持つ依存関係の終了コードは[例外ハンドラ](../handling-errors.md#install-custom-exception-handlers){.internal-link target=_blank}の*後に*実行されます。依存関係によって投げられた例外を終了コード（`yield`の後）でキャッチするものはなにもありません。 + +つまり、`yield`の後に`HTTPException`を発生させた場合、`HTTTPException`をキャッチしてHTTP 400のレスポンスを返すデフォルトの（あるいは任意のカスタムの）例外ハンドラは、その例外をキャッチすることができなくなります。 + +これは、依存関係に設定されているもの（例えば、DBセッション）を、例えば、バックグラウンドタスクで使用できるようにするものです。 + +バックグラウンドタスクはレスポンスが送信された*後*に実行されます。そのため、*すでに送信されている*レスポンスを変更する方法すらないので、`HTTPException`を発生させる方法はありません。 + +しかし、バックグラウンドタスクがDBエラーを発生させた場合、少なくとも`yield`で依存関係のセッションをロールバックしたり、きれいに閉じたりすることができ、エラーをログに記録したり、リモートのトラッキングシステムに報告したりすることができます。 + +例外が発生する可能性があるコードがある場合は、最も普通の「Python流」なことをして、コードのその部分に`try`ブロックを追加してください。 + +レスポンスを返したり、レスポンスを変更したり、`HTTPException`を発生させたりする*前に*処理したいカスタム例外がある場合は、[カスタム例外ハンドラ](../handling-errors.md#install-custom-exception-handlers){.internal-link target=_blank}を作成してください。 + +!!! tip "豆知識" + `HTTPException`を含む例外は、`yield`の*前*でも発生させることができます。ただし、後ではできません。 + +実行の順序は多かれ少なかれ以下の図のようになります。時間は上から下へと流れていきます。そして、各列はコードを相互作用させたり、実行したりしている部分の一つです。 + +```mermaid +sequenceDiagram + +participant client as Client +participant handler as Exception handler +participant dep as Dep with yield +participant operation as Path Operation +participant tasks as Background tasks + + Note over client,tasks: Can raise exception for dependency, handled after response is sent + Note over client,operation: Can raise HTTPException and can change the response + client ->> dep: Start request + Note over dep: Run code up to yield + opt raise + dep -->> handler: Raise HTTPException + handler -->> client: HTTP error response + dep -->> dep: Raise other exception + end + dep ->> operation: Run dependency, e.g. DB session + opt raise + operation -->> handler: Raise HTTPException + handler -->> client: HTTP error response + operation -->> dep: Raise other exception + end + operation ->> client: Return response to client + Note over client,operation: Response is already sent, can't change it anymore + opt Tasks + operation -->> tasks: Send background tasks + end + opt Raise other exception + tasks -->> dep: Raise other exception + end + Note over dep: After yield + opt Handle other exception + dep -->> dep: Handle exception, can't change response. E.g. close DB session. + end +``` + +!!! info "情報" + **１つのレスポンス** だけがクライアントに送信されます。それはエラーレスポンスの一つかもしれませんし、*path operation*からのレスポンスかもしれません。 + + いずれかのレスポンスが送信された後、他のレスポンスを送信することはできません。 + +!!! tip "豆知識" + この図は`HTTPException`を示していますが、[カスタム例外ハンドラ](../handling-errors.md#install-custom-exception-handlers){.internal-link target=_blank}を作成することで、他の例外を発生させることもできます。そして、その例外は依存関係の終了コードではなく、そのカスタム例外ハンドラによって処理されます。 + + しかし例外ハンドラで処理されない例外を発生させた場合は、依存関係の終了コードで処理されます。 + +## コンテキストマネージャ + +### 「コンテキストマネージャ」とは + +「コンテキストマネージャ」とは、`with`文の中で使用できるPythonオブジェクトのことです。 + +例えば、ファイルを読み込むには`with`を使用することができます: + +```Python +with open("./somefile.txt") as f: + contents = f.read() + print(contents) +``` + +その後の`open("./somefile.txt")`は「コンテキストマネージャ」と呼ばれるオブジェクトを作成します。 + +`with`ブロックが終了すると、例外があったとしてもファイルを確かに閉じます。 + +`yield`を依存関係を作成すると、**FastAPI** は内部的にそれをコンテキストマネージャに変換し、他の関連ツールと組み合わせます。 + +### `yield`を持つ依存関係でのコンテキストマネージャの使用 + +!!! warning "注意" + これは多かれ少なかれ、「高度な」発想です。 + + **FastAPI** を使い始めたばかりの方は、とりあえずスキップした方がよいかもしれません。 + +Pythonでは、以下の２つのメソッドを持つクラスを作成する: `__enter__()`と`__exit__()`ことでコンテキストマネージャを作成することができます。 + +また、依存関数の中で`with`や`async with`文を使用することによって`yield`を持つ **FastAPI** の依存関係の中でそれらを使用することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 13" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial010.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "豆知識" + コンテキストマネージャを作成するもう一つの方法はwithです: + + * `@contextlib.contextmanager` または + * `@contextlib.asynccontextmanager` + + これらを使って、関数を単一の`yield`でデコレートすることができます。 + + これは **FastAPI** が内部的に`yield`を持つ依存関係のために使用しているものです。 + + しかし、FastAPIの依存関係にデコレータを使う必要はありません（そして使うべきではありません）。 + + FastAPIが内部的にやってくれます。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/dependencies/index.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/dependencies/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec563a16d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/dependencies/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,209 @@ +# 依存関係 - 最初のステップ + +** FastAPI** は非常に強力でありながら直感的な **依存性注入** システムを持っています。 + +それは非常にシンプルに使用できるように設計されており、開発者が他のコンポーネント **FastAPI** と統合するのが非常に簡単になるように設計されています。 + +## 「依存性注入」とは + +**「依存性注入」** とは、プログラミングにおいて、コード（この場合は、*path operation関数*）が動作したり使用したりするために必要なもの（「依存関係」）を宣言する方法があることを意味します: + +そして、そのシステム（この場合は、**FastAPI**）は、必要な依存関係をコードに提供するために必要なことは何でも行います（依存関係を「注入」します）。 + +これは以下のようなことが必要な時にとても便利です: + +* ロジックを共有している。（同じコードロジックを何度も繰り返している）。 +* データベース接続を共有する。 +* セキュリティ、認証、ロール要件などを強制する。 +* そのほかにも多くのこと... + +これらすべてを、コードの繰り返しを最小限に抑えながら行います。 + +## 最初のステップ + +非常にシンプルな例を見てみましょう。あまりにもシンプルなので、今のところはあまり参考にならないでしょう。 + +しかし、この方法では **依存性注入** システムがどのように機能するかに焦点を当てることができます。 + +### 依存関係の作成 + +まずは依存関係に注目してみましょう。 + +以下のように、*path operation関数*と同じパラメータを全て取ることができる関数にすぎません: + +```Python hl_lines="8 9" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +これだけです。 + +**２行**。 + +そして、それはすべての*path operation関数*が持っているのと同じ形と構造を持っています。 + +「デコレータ」を含まない（`@app.get("/some-path")`を含まない）*path operation関数*と考えることもできます。 + +そして何でも返すことができます。 + +この場合、この依存関係は以下を期待しています: + +* オプショナルのクエリパラメータ`q`は`str`です。 +* オプショナルのクエリパラメータ`skip`は`int`で、デフォルトは`0`です。 +* オプショナルのクエリパラメータ`limit`は`int`で、デフォルトは`100`です。 + +そして、これらの値を含む`dict`を返します。 + +### `Depends`のインポート + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### "dependant"での依存関係の宣言 + +*path operation関数*のパラメータに`Body`や`Query`などを使用するのと同じように、新しいパラメータに`Depends`を使用することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="13 18" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +関数のパラメータに`Depends`を使用するのは`Body`や`Query`などと同じですが、`Depends`の動作は少し異なります。 + +`Depends`は１つのパラメータしか与えられません。 + +このパラメータは関数のようなものである必要があります。 + +そして、その関数は、*path operation関数*が行うのと同じ方法でパラメータを取ります。 + +!!! tip "豆知識" + 次の章では、関数以外の「もの」が依存関係として使用できるものを見ていきます。 + +新しいリクエストが到着するたびに、**FastAPI** が以下のような処理を行います: + +* 依存関係（"dependable"）関数を正しいパラメータで呼び出します。 +* 関数の結果を取得します。 +* *path operation関数*のパラメータにその結果を代入してください。 + +```mermaid +graph TB + +common_parameters(["common_parameters"]) +read_items["/items/"] +read_users["/users/"] + +common_parameters --> read_items +common_parameters --> read_users +``` + +この方法では、共有されるコードを一度書き、**FastAPI** が*path operations*のための呼び出しを行います。 + +!!! check "確認" + 特別なクラスを作成してどこかで **FastAPI** に渡して「登録」する必要はないことに注意してください。 + + `Depends`を渡すだけで、**FastAPI** が残りの処理をしてくれます。 + +## `async`にするかどうか + +依存関係は **FastAPI**（*path operation関数*と同じ）からも呼び出されるため、関数を定義する際にも同じルールが適用されます。 + +`async def`や通常の`def`を使用することができます。 + +また、通常の`def`*path operation関数*の中に`async def`を入れて依存関係を宣言したり、`async def`*path operation関数*の中に`def`を入れて依存関係を宣言したりすることなどができます。 + +それは重要ではありません。**FastAPI** は何をすべきかを知っています。 + +!!! note "備考" + わからない場合は、ドキュメントの[Async: *"In a hurry?"*](../../async.md){.internal-link target=_blank}の中の`async`と`await`についてのセクションを確認してください。 + +## OpenAPIとの統合 + +依存関係（およびサブ依存関係）のすべてのリクエスト宣言、検証、および要件は、同じOpenAPIスキーマに統合されます。 + +つまり、対話型ドキュメントにはこれらの依存関係から得られる全ての情報も含まれているということです: + + + +## 簡単な使い方 + +見てみると、*path*と*operation*が一致した時に*path operation関数*が宣言されていて、**FastAPI** が正しいパラメータで関数を呼び出してリクエストからデータを抽出する処理をしています。 + +実は、すべての（あるいはほとんどの）Webフレームワークは、このように動作します。 + +これらの関数を直接呼び出すことはありません。これらの関数はフレームワーク（この場合は、**FastAPI**）によって呼び出されます。 + +依存性注入システムでは、**FastAPI** に*path operation*もまた、*path operation関数*の前に実行されるべき他の何かに「依存」していることを伝えることができ、**FastAPI** がそれを実行し、結果を「注入」することを引き受けます。 + +他にも、「依存性注入」と同じような考えの一般的な用語があります: + +* リソース +* プロバイダ +* サービス +* インジェクタブル +* コンポーネント + +## **FastAPI** プラグイン + +統合や「プラグイン」は **依存性注入** システムを使って構築することができます。しかし、実際には、**「プラグイン」を作成する必要はありません**。依存関係を使用することで、無限の数の統合やインタラクションを宣言することができ、それが**path operation関数*で利用可能になるからです。 + +依存関係は非常にシンプルで直感的な方法で作成することができ、必要なPythonパッケージをインポートするだけで、*文字通り*数行のコードでAPI関数と統合することができます。 + +次の章では、リレーショナルデータベースやNoSQLデータベース、セキュリティなどについて、その例を見ていきます。 + +## **FastAPI** 互換性 + +依存性注入システムがシンプルなので、**FastAPI** は以下のようなものと互換性があります: + +* すべてのリレーショナルデータベース +* NoSQLデータベース +* 外部パッケージ +* 外部API +* 認証・認可システム +* API利用状況監視システム +* レスポンスデータ注入システム +* など。 + +## シンプルでパワフル + +階層依存性注入システムは、定義や使用方法が非常にシンプルであるにもかかわらず、非常に強力なものとなっています。 + +依存関係事態を定義する依存関係を定義することができます。 + +最終的には、依存関係の階層ツリーが構築され、**依存性注入**システムが、これらの依存関係（およびそのサブ依存関係）をすべて解決し、各ステップで結果を提供（注入）します。 + +例えば、４つのAPIエンドポイント（*path operations*）があるとします: + +* `/items/public/` +* `/items/private/` +* `/users/{user_id}/activate` +* `/items/pro/` + +そして、依存関係とサブ依存関係だけで、それぞれに異なるパーミッション要件を追加することができます: + +```mermaid +graph TB + +current_user(["current_user"]) +active_user(["active_user"]) +admin_user(["admin_user"]) +paying_user(["paying_user"]) + +public["/items/public/"] +private["/items/private/"] +activate_user["/users/{user_id}/activate"] +pro_items["/items/pro/"] + +current_user --> active_user +active_user --> admin_user +active_user --> paying_user + +current_user --> public +active_user --> private +admin_user --> activate_user +paying_user --> pro_items +``` + +## **OpenAPI** との統合 + +これら全ての依存関係は、要件を宣言すると同時に、*path operations*にパラメータやバリデーションを追加します。 + +**FastAPI** はそれをすべてOpenAPIスキーマに追加して、対話型のドキュメントシステムに表示されるようにします。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8848ac79e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +# サブ依存関係 + +**サブ依存関係** を持つ依存関係を作成することができます。 + +それらは必要なだけ **深く** することができます。 + +**FastAPI** はそれらを解決してくれます。 + +### 最初の依存関係「依存可能なもの」 + +以下のような最初の依存関係（「依存可能なもの」）を作成することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="8 9" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +これはオプショナルのクエリパラメータ`q`を`str`として宣言し、それを返すだけです。 + +これは非常にシンプルです（あまり便利ではありません）が、サブ依存関係がどのように機能するかに焦点を当てるのに役立ちます。 + +### 第二の依存関係 「依存可能なもの」と「依存」 + +そして、別の依存関数（「依存可能なもの」）を作成して、同時にそれ自身の依存関係を宣言することができます（つまりそれ自身も「依存」です）: + +```Python hl_lines="13" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +宣言されたパラメータに注目してみましょう: + +* この関数は依存関係（「依存可能なもの」）そのものであるにもかかわらず、別の依存関係を宣言しています（何か他のものに「依存」しています）。 + * これは`query_extractor`に依存しており、それが返す値をパラメータ`q`に代入します。 +* また、オプショナルの`last_query`クッキーを`str`として宣言します。 + * ユーザーがクエリ`q`を提供しなかった場合、クッキーに保存していた最後に使用したクエリを使用します。 + +### 依存関係の使用 + +以下のように依存関係を使用することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="21" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +!!! info "情報" + *path operation関数*の中で宣言している依存関係は`query_or_cookie_extractor`の１つだけであることに注意してください。 + + しかし、**FastAPI** は`query_extractor`を最初に解決し、その結果を`query_or_cookie_extractor`を呼び出す時に渡す必要があることを知っています。 + +```mermaid +graph TB + +query_extractor(["query_extractor"]) +query_or_cookie_extractor(["query_or_cookie_extractor"]) + +read_query["/items/"] + +query_extractor --> query_or_cookie_extractor --> read_query +``` + +## 同じ依存関係の複数回の使用 + +依存関係の１つが同じ*path operation*に対して複数回宣言されている場合、例えば、複数の依存関係が共通のサブ依存関係を持っている場合、**FastAPI** はリクエストごとに１回だけそのサブ依存関係を呼び出します。 + +そして、返された値を「キャッシュ」に保存し、同じリクエストに対して依存関係を何度も呼び出す代わりに、特定のリクエストでそれを必要とする全ての「依存関係」に渡すことになります。 + +高度なシナリオでは、「キャッシュされた」値を使うのではなく、同じリクエストの各ステップ（おそらく複数回）で依存関係を呼び出す必要があることがわかっている場合、`Depens`を使用する際に、`use_cache=False`というパラメータを設定することができます。 + +```Python hl_lines="1" +async def needy_dependency(fresh_value: str = Depends(get_value, use_cache=False)): + return {"fresh_value": fresh_value} +``` + +## まとめ + +ここで使われている派手な言葉は別にして、**依存性注入** システムは非常にシンプルです。 + +*path operation関数*と同じように見えるただの関数です。 + +しかし、それでも非常に強力で、任意の深くネストされた依存関係「グラフ」（ツリー）を宣言することができます。 + +!!! tip "豆知識" + これらの単純な例では、全てが役に立つとは言えないかもしれません。 + + しかし、**security** についての章で、それがどれほど有用であるかがわかるでしょう。 + + そして、あなたを救うコードの量もみることになるでしょう。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/encoder.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/encoder.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..305867ab7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/encoder.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +# JSON互換エンコーダ + +データ型（Pydanticモデルのような）をJSONと互換性のあるもの（`dict`や`list`など）に変更する必要がある場合があります。 + +例えば、データベースに保存する必要がある場合です。 + +そのために、**FastAPI** は`jsonable_encoder()`関数を提供しています。 + +## `jsonable_encoder`の使用 + +JSON互換のデータのみを受信するデータベース`fase_db`があるとしましょう。 + +例えば、`datetime`オブジェクトはJSONと互換性がないので、このデーターベースには受け取られません。 + +そのため、`datetime`オブジェクトはISO形式のデータを含む`str`に変換されなければなりません。 + +同様に、このデータベースはPydanticモデル（属性を持つオブジェクト）を受け取らず、`dict`だけを受け取ります。 + +そのために`jsonable_encoder`を使用することができます。 + +Pydanticモデルのようなオブジェクトを受け取り、JSON互換版を返します: + +```Python hl_lines="5 22" +{!../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +この例では、Pydanticモデルを`dict`に、`datetime`を`str`に変換します。 + +呼び出した結果は、Pythonの標準の`json.dumps()`でエンコードできるものです。 + +これはJSON形式のデータを含む大きな`str`を（文字列として）返しません。JSONと互換性のある値とサブの値を持つPython標準のデータ構造（例：`dict`）を返します。 + +!!! note "備考" + `jsonable_encoder`は実際には **FastAPI** が内部的にデータを変換するために使用します。しかしこれは他の多くのシナリオで有用です。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a152e0322 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +# 追加データ型 + +今までは、以下のような一般的なデータ型を使用してきました: + +* `int` +* `float` +* `str` +* `bool` + +しかし、より複雑なデータ型を使用することもできます。 + +そして、今まで見てきたのと同じ機能を持つことになります: + +* 素晴らしいエディタのサポート +* 受信したリクエストからのデータ変換 +* レスポンスデータのデータ変換 +* データの検証 +* 自動注釈と文書化 + +## 他のデータ型 + +ここでは、使用できる追加のデータ型のいくつかを紹介します: + +* `UUID`: + * 多くのデータベースやシステムで共通のIDとして使用される、標準的な「ユニバーサルにユニークな識別子」です。 + * リクエストとレスポンスでは`str`として表現されます。 +* `datetime.datetime`: + * Pythonの`datetime.datetime`です。 + * リクエストとレスポンスはISO 8601形式の`str`で表現されます: `2008-09-15T15:53:00+05:00` +* `datetime.date`: + * Pythonの`datetime.date`です。 + * リクエストとレスポンスはISO 8601形式の`str`で表現されます: `2008-09-15` +* `datetime.time`: + * Pythonの`datetime.time`. + * リクエストとレスポンスはISO 8601形式の`str`で表現されます: `14:23:55.003` +* `datetime.timedelta`: + * Pythonの`datetime.timedelta`です。 + * リクエストとレスポンスでは合計秒数の`float`で表現されます。 + * Pydanticでは「ISO 8601 time diff encoding」として表現することも可能です。詳細はドキュメントを参照してください。 +* `frozenset`: + * リクエストとレスポンスでは`set`と同じように扱われます: + * リクエストでは、リストが読み込まれ、重複を排除して`set`に変換されます。 + * レスポンスでは`set`が`list`に変換されます。 + * 生成されたスキーマは`set`の値が一意であることを指定します（JSON Schemaの`uniqueItems`を使用します）。 +* `bytes`: + * Pythonの標準的な`bytes`です。 + * リクエストとレスポンスでは`str`として扱われます。 + * 生成されたスキーマは`str`で`binary`の「フォーマット」持つことを指定します。 +* `Decimal`: + * Pythonの標準的な`Decimal`です。 + * リクエストやレスポンスでは`float`と同じように扱います。 + +* Pydanticの全ての有効な型はこちらで確認できます: Pydantic data types。 +## 例 + +ここでは、上記の型のいくつかを使用したパラメータを持つ*path operation*の例を示します。 + +```Python hl_lines="1 2 12-16" +{!../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +関数内のパラメータは自然なデータ型を持っていることに注意してください。そして、以下のように通常の日付操作を行うことができます: + +```Python hl_lines="18 19" +{!../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!} +``` diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aa2e5ffdc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md @@ -0,0 +1,195 @@ +# モデル - より詳しく + +先ほどの例に続き、複数の関連モデルを持つことが一般的です。 + +これはユーザーモデルの場合は特にそうです。なぜなら: + +* **入力モデル** にはパスワードが必要です。 +* **出力モデル**はパスワードをもつべきではありません。 +* **データベースモデル**はおそらくハッシュ化されたパスワードが必要になるでしょう。 + +!!! danger "危険" + ユーザーの平文のパスワードは絶対に保存しないでください。常に認証に利用可能な「安全なハッシュ」を保存してください。 + + 知らない方は、[セキュリティの章](security/simple-oauth2.md#password-hashing){.internal-link target=_blank}で「パスワードハッシュ」とは何かを学ぶことができます。 + +## 複数のモデル + +ここでは、パスワードフィールドをもつモデルがどのように見えるのか、また、どこで使われるのか、大まかなイメージを紹介します: + +```Python hl_lines="9 11 16 22 24 29-30 33-35 40-41" +{!../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### `**user_in.dict()`について + +#### Pydanticの`.dict()` + +`user_in`は`UserIn`クラスのPydanticモデルです。 + +Pydanticモデルには、モデルのデータを含む`dict`を返す`.dict()`メソッドがあります。 + +そこで、以下のようなPydanticオブジェクト`user_in`を作成すると: + +```Python +user_in = UserIn(username="john", password="secret", email="john.doe@example.com") +``` + +そして呼び出すと: + +```Python +user_dict = user_in.dict() +``` + +これで変数`user_dict`のデータを持つ`dict`ができました。（これはPydanticモデルのオブジェクトの代わりに`dict`です）。 + +そして呼び出すと: + +```Python +print(user_dict) +``` + +以下のようなPythonの`dict`を得ることができます: + +```Python +{ + 'username': 'john', + 'password': 'secret', + 'email': 'john.doe@example.com', + 'full_name': None, +} +``` + +#### `dict`の展開 + +`user_dict`のような`dict`を受け取り、それを`**user_dict`を持つ関数（またはクラス）に渡すと、Pythonはそれを「展開」します。これは`user_dict`のキーと値を直接キー・バリューの引数として渡します。 + +そこで上述の`user_dict`の続きを以下のように書くと: + +```Python +UserInDB(**user_dict) +``` + +以下と同等の結果になります: + +```Python +UserInDB( + username="john", + password="secret", + email="john.doe@example.com", + full_name=None, +) +``` + +もっと正確に言えば、`user_dict`を将来的にどんな内容であっても直接使用することになります: + +```Python +UserInDB( + username = user_dict["username"], + password = user_dict["password"], + email = user_dict["email"], + full_name = user_dict["full_name"], +) +``` + +#### 別のモデルからつくるPydanticモデル + +上述の例では`user_in.dict()`から`user_dict`をこのコードのように取得していますが: + +```Python +user_dict = user_in.dict() +UserInDB(**user_dict) +``` + +これは以下と同等です: + +```Python +UserInDB(**user_in.dict()) +``` + +...なぜなら`user_in.dict()`は`dict`であり、`**`を付与して`UserInDB`を渡してPythonに「展開」させているからです。 + +そこで、別のPydanticモデルのデータからPydanticモデルを取得します。 + +#### `dict`の展開と追加引数 + +そして、追加のキーワード引数`hashed_password=hashed_password`を以下のように追加すると: + +```Python +UserInDB(**user_in.dict(), hashed_password=hashed_password) +``` + +...以下のようになります: + +```Python +UserInDB( + username = user_dict["username"], + password = user_dict["password"], + email = user_dict["email"], + full_name = user_dict["full_name"], + hashed_password = hashed_password, +) +``` + +!!! warning "注意" + サポートしている追加機能は、データの可能な流れをデモするだけであり、もちろん本当のセキュリティを提供しているわけではありません。 + +## 重複の削減 + +コードの重複を減らすことは、**FastAPI**の中核的なアイデアの１つです。 + +コードの重複が増えると、バグやセキュリティの問題、コードの非同期化問題（ある場所では更新しても他の場所では更新されない場合）などが発生する可能性が高くなります。 + +そして、これらのモデルは全てのデータを共有し、属性名や型を重複させています。 + +もっと良い方法があります。 + +他のモデルのベースとなる`UserBase`モデルを宣言することができます。そして、そのモデルの属性（型宣言、検証など）を継承するサブクラスを作ることができます。 + +データの変換、検証、文書化などはすべて通常通りに動作します。 + +このようにして、モデル間の違いだけを宣言することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="9 15 16 19 20 23 24" +{!../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## `Union`または`anyOf` + +レスポンスを２つの型の`Union`として宣言することができます。 + +OpenAPIでは`anyOf`で定義されます。 + +そのためには、標準的なPythonの型ヒント`typing.Union`を使用します: + +```Python hl_lines="1 14 15 18 19 20 33" +{!../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +## モデルのリスト + +同じように、オブジェクトのリストのレスポンスを宣言することができます。 + +そのためには、標準のPythonの`typing.List`を使用する: + +```Python hl_lines="1 20" +{!../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +## 任意の`dict`を持つレスポンス + +また、Pydanticモデルを使用せずに、キーと値の型だけを定義した任意の`dict`を使ってレスポンスを宣言することもできます。 + +これは、有効なフィールド・属性名（Pydanticモデルに必要なもの）を事前に知らない場合に便利です。 + +この場合、`typing.Dict`を使用することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="1 8" +{!../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +## まとめ + +複数のPydanticモデルを使用し、ケースごとに自由に継承します。 + +エンティティが異なる「状態」を持たなければならない場合は、エンティティごとに単一のデータモデルを持つ必要はありません。`password` や `password_hash` やパスワードなしなどのいくつかの「状態」をもつユーザー「エンティティ」の場合の様にすれば良いです。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec36e9880 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md @@ -0,0 +1,265 @@ +# エラーハンドリング + +APIを使用しているクライアントにエラーを通知する必要がある状況はたくさんあります。 + +このクライアントは、フロントエンドを持つブラウザ、誰かのコード、IoTデバイスなどが考えられます。 + +クライアントに以下のようなことを伝える必要があるかもしれません: + +* クライアントにはその操作のための十分な権限がありません。 +* クライアントはそのリソースにアクセスできません。 +* クライアントがアクセスしようとしていた項目が存在しません。 +* など + +これらの場合、通常は **400**（400から499）の範囲内の **HTTPステータスコード** を返すことになります。 + +これは200のHTTPステータスコード（200から299）に似ています。これらの「200」ステータスコードは、何らかの形でリクエスト「成功」であったことを意味します。 + +400の範囲にあるステータスコードは、クライアントからのエラーがあったことを意味します。 + +**"404 Not Found"** のエラー（およびジョーク）を覚えていますか？ + +## `HTTPException`の使用 + +HTTPレスポンスをエラーでクライアントに返すには、`HTTPException`を使用します。 + +### `HTTPException`のインポート + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### コード内での`HTTPException`の発生 + +`HTTPException`は通常のPythonの例外であり、APIに関連するデータを追加したものです。 + +Pythonの例外なので、`return`ではなく、`raise`です。 + +これはまた、*path operation関数*の内部で呼び出しているユーティリティ関数の内部から`HTTPException`を発生させた場合、*path operation関数*の残りのコードは実行されず、そのリクエストを直ちに終了させ、`HTTPException`からのHTTPエラーをクライアントに送信することを意味します。 + +値を返す`return`よりも例外を発生させることの利点は、「依存関係とセキュリティ」のセクションでより明確になります。 + +この例では、クライアントが存在しないIDでアイテムを要求した場合、`404`のステータスコードを持つ例外を発生させます: + +```Python hl_lines="11" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### レスポンス結果 + +クライアントが`http://example.com/items/foo`（`item_id` `"foo"`）をリクエストすると、HTTPステータスコードが200で、以下のJSONレスポンスが返されます: + +```JSON +{ + "item": "The Foo Wrestlers" +} +``` + +しかし、クライアントが`http://example.com/items/bar`（存在しない`item_id` `"bar"`）をリクエストした場合、HTTPステータスコード404（"not found"エラー）と以下のJSONレスポンスが返されます: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": "Item not found" +} +``` + +!!! tip "豆知識" + `HTTPException`を発生させる際には、`str`だけでなく、JSONに変換できる任意の値を`detail`パラメータとして渡すことができます。 + + `dist`や`list`などを渡すことができます。 + + これらは **FastAPI** によって自動的に処理され、JSONに変換されます。 + +## カスタムヘッダーの追加 + +例えば、いくつかのタイプのセキュリティのために、HTTPエラーにカスタムヘッダを追加できると便利な状況がいくつかあります。 + +おそらくコードの中で直接使用する必要はないでしょう。 + +しかし、高度なシナリオのために必要な場合には、カスタムヘッダーを追加することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## カスタム例外ハンドラのインストール + +カスタム例外ハンドラはStarletteと同じ例外ユーティリティを使用して追加することができます。 + +あなた（または使用しているライブラリ）が`raise`するかもしれないカスタム例外`UnicornException`があるとしましょう。 + +そして、この例外をFastAPIでグローバルに処理したいと思います。 + +カスタム例外ハンドラを`@app.exception_handler()`で追加することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="5 6 7 13 14 15 16 17 18 24" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +ここで、`/unicorns/yolo`をリクエストすると、*path operation*は`UnicornException`を`raise`します。 + +しかし、これは`unicorn_exception_handler`で処理されます。 + +そのため、HTTPステータスコードが`418`で、JSONの内容が以下のような明確なエラーを受け取ることになります: + +```JSON +{"message": "Oops! yolo did something. There goes a rainbow..."} +``` + +!!! note "技術詳細" + また、`from starlette.requests import Request`と`from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`を使用することもできます。 + + **FastAPI** は開発者の利便性を考慮して、`fastapi.responses`と同じ`starlette.responses`を提供しています。しかし、利用可能なレスポンスのほとんどはStarletteから直接提供されます。これは`Request`と同じです。 + +## デフォルトの例外ハンドラのオーバーライド + +**FastAPI** にはいくつかのデフォルトの例外ハンドラがあります。 + +これらのハンドラは、`HTTPException`を`raise`させた場合や、リクエストに無効なデータが含まれている場合にデフォルトのJSONレスポンスを返す役割を担っています。 + +これらの例外ハンドラを独自のものでオーバーライドすることができます。 + +### リクエスト検証の例外のオーバーライド + +リクエストに無効なデータが含まれている場合、**FastAPI** は内部的に`RequestValidationError`を発生させます。 + +また、そのためのデフォルトの例外ハンドラも含まれています。 + +これをオーバーライドするには`RequestValidationError`をインポートして`@app.exception_handler(RequestValidationError)`と一緒に使用して例外ハンドラをデコレートします。 + +この例外ハンドラは`Requset`と例外を受け取ります。 + +```Python hl_lines="2 14 15 16" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +これで、`/items/foo`にアクセスすると、デフォルトのJSONエラーの代わりに以下が返されます: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "path", + "item_id" + ], + "msg": "value is not a valid integer", + "type": "type_error.integer" + } + ] +} +``` + +以下のようなテキスト版を取得します: + +``` +1 validation error +path -> item_id + value is not a valid integer (type=type_error.integer) +``` + +#### `RequestValidationError`と`ValidationError` + +!!! warning "注意" + これらは今のあなたにとって重要でない場合は省略しても良い技術的な詳細です。 + +`RequestValidationError`はPydanticの`ValidationError`のサブクラスです。 + +**FastAPI** は`response_model`でPydanticモデルを使用していて、データにエラーがあった場合、ログにエラーが表示されるようにこれを使用しています。 + +しかし、クライアントやユーザーはそれを見ることはありません。その代わりに、クライアントはHTTPステータスコード`500`の「Internal Server Error」を受け取ります。 + +*レスポンス*やコードのどこか（クライアントの*リクエスト*ではなく）にPydanticの`ValidationError`がある場合、それは実際にはコードのバグなのでこのようにすべきです。 + +また、あなたがそれを修正している間は、セキュリティの脆弱性が露呈する場合があるため、クライアントやユーザーがエラーに関する内部情報にアクセスできないようにしてください。 + +### エラーハンドラ`HTTPException`のオーバーライド + +同様に、`HTTPException`ハンドラをオーバーライドすることもできます。 + +例えば、これらのエラーに対しては、JSONではなくプレーンテキストを返すようにすることができます: + +```Python hl_lines="3 4 9 10 11 22" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +!!! note "技術詳細" + また、`from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse`を使用することもできます。 + + **FastAPI** は開発者の利便性を考慮して、`fastapi.responses`と同じ`starlette.responses`を提供しています。しかし、利用可能なレスポンスのほとんどはStarletteから直接提供されます。 + +### `RequestValidationError`のボディの使用 + +`RequestValidationError`には無効なデータを含む`body`が含まれています。 + +アプリ開発中に本体のログを取ってデバッグしたり、ユーザーに返したりなどに使用することができます。 + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +ここで、以下のような無効な項目を送信してみてください: + +```JSON +{ + "title": "towel", + "size": "XL" +} +``` + +受信したボディを含むデータが無効であることを示すレスポンスが表示されます: + +```JSON hl_lines="12 13 14 15" +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "body", + "size" + ], + "msg": "value is not a valid integer", + "type": "type_error.integer" + } + ], + "body": { + "title": "towel", + "size": "XL" + } +} +``` + +#### FastAPIの`HTTPException`とStarletteの`HTTPException` + +**FastAPI**は独自の`HTTPException`を持っています。 + +また、 **FastAPI**のエラークラス`HTTPException`はStarletteのエラークラス`HTTPException`を継承しています。 + +唯一の違いは、**FastAPI** の`HTTPException`はレスポンスに含まれるヘッダを追加できることです。 + +これはOAuth 2.0といくつかのセキュリティユーティリティのために内部的に必要とされ、使用されています。 + +そのため、コード内では通常通り **FastAPI** の`HTTPException`を発生させ続けることができます。 + +しかし、例外ハンドラを登録する際には、Starletteの`HTTPException`を登録しておく必要があります。 + +これにより、Starletteの内部コードやStarletteの拡張機能やプラグインの一部が`HTTPException`を発生させた場合、ハンドラがそれをキャッチして処理することができるようになります。 + +以下の例では、同じコード内で両方の`HTTPException`を使用できるようにするために、Starletteの例外の名前を`StarletteHTTPException`に変更しています: + +```Python +from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException as StarletteHTTPException +``` + +### **FastAPI** の例外ハンドラの再利用 + +また、何らかの方法で例外を使用することもできますが、**FastAPI** から同じデフォルトの例外ハンドラを使用することもできます。 + +デフォルトの例外ハンドラを`fastapi.exception_handlers`からインポートして再利用することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="2 3 4 5 15 21" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +この例では、非常に表現力のあるメッセージでエラーを`print`しています。 + +しかし、例外を使用して、デフォルトの例外ハンドラを再利用することができるということが理解できます。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/index.md index 29fc86f94..856cde44b 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/index.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# チュートリアル - ユーザーガイド - はじめに +# チュートリアル - ユーザーガイド このチュートリアルは**FastAPI**のほぼすべての機能の使い方を段階的に紹介します。 @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ $ uvicorn main:app --reload
```console -$ pip install fastapi[all] +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" ---> 100% ``` @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi[all] また、サーバーとして動作するように`uvicorn` をインストールします: ``` - pip install uvicorn[standard] + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ``` そして、使用したい依存関係をそれぞれ同様にインストールします。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/middleware.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/middleware.md index f2a22119b..973eb2b1a 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/middleware.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/middleware.md @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ !!! tip "豆知識" 'X-'プレフィックスを使用してカスタムの独自ヘッダーを追加できます。 - ただし、ブラウザのクライアントに表示させたいカスタムヘッダーがある場合は、StarletteのCORSドキュメントに記載されているパラメータ `expose_headers` を使用して、それらをCORS設定に追加する必要があります ([CORS (オリジン間リソース共有)](cors.md){.internal-link target=_blank}) + ただし、ブラウザのクライアントに表示させたいカスタムヘッダーがある場合は、StarletteのCORSドキュメントに記載されているパラメータ `expose_headers` を使用して、それらをCORS設定に追加する必要があります ([CORS (オリジン間リソース共有)](cors.md){.internal-link target=_blank}) !!! note "技術詳細" `from starlette.requests import Request` を使用することもできます。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..551aeabb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +# パスパラメータと数値の検証 + +クエリパラメータに対して`Query`でより多くのバリデーションとメタデータを宣言できるのと同じように、パスパラメータに対しても`Path`で同じ種類のバリデーションとメタデータを宣言することができます。 + +## Pathのインポート + +まず初めに、`fastapi`から`Path`をインポートします: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## メタデータの宣言 + +パラメータは`Query`と同じものを宣言することができます。 + +例えば、パスパラメータ`item_id`に対して`title`のメタデータを宣言するには以下のようにします: + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "備考" + パスの一部でなければならないので、パスパラメータは常に必須です。 + + そのため、`...`を使用して必須と示す必要があります。 + + それでも、`None`で宣言しても、デフォルト値を設定しても、何の影響もなく、常に必要とされていることに変わりはありません。 + +## 必要に応じてパラメータを並び替える + +クエリパラメータ`q`を必須の`str`として宣言したいとしましょう。 + +また、このパラメータには何も宣言する必要がないので、`Query`を使う必要はありません。 + +しかし、パスパラメータ`item_id`のために`Path`を使用する必要があります。 + +Pythonは「デフォルト」を持たない値の前に「デフォルト」を持つ値を置くことができません。 + +しかし、それらを並び替えることができ、デフォルト値を持たない値（クエリパラメータ`q`）を最初に持つことができます。 + +**FastAPI**では関係ありません。パラメータは名前、型、デフォルトの宣言（`Query`、`Path`など）で検出され、順番は気にしません。 + +そのため、以下のように関数を宣言することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## 必要に応じてパラメータを並び替えるトリック + +クエリパラメータ`q`を`Query`やデフォルト値なしで宣言し、パスパラメータ`item_id`を`Path`を用いて宣言し、それらを別の順番に並びたい場合、Pythonには少し特殊な構文が用意されています。 + +関数の最初のパラメータとして`*`を渡します。 + +Pythonはその`*`で何かをすることはありませんが、それ以降のすべてのパラメータがキーワード引数（キーと値のペア）として呼ばれるべきものであると知っているでしょう。それはkwargsとしても知られています。たとえデフォルト値がなくても。 + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +## 数値の検証: 以上 + +`Query`と`Path`（、そして後述する他のもの）を用いて、文字列の制約を宣言することができますが、数値の制約も同様に宣言できます。 + +ここで、`ge=1`の場合、`item_id`は`1`「より大きい`g`か、同じ`e`」整数でなれけばなりません。 + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +## 数値の検証: より大きいと小なりイコール + +以下も同様です: + +* `gt`: より大きい（`g`reater `t`han） +* `le`: 小なりイコール（`l`ess than or `e`qual） + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +## 数値の検証: 浮動小数点、 大なり小なり + +数値のバリデーションは`float`の値に対しても有効です。 + +ここで重要になってくるのはgtだけでなくgeも宣言できることです。これと同様に、例えば、値が`1`より小さくても`0`より大きくなければならないことを要求することができます。 + +したがって、`0.5`は有効な値ですが、`0.0`や`0`はそうではありません。 + +これはltも同じです。 + +```Python hl_lines="11" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +## まとめ + +`Query`と`Path`（そしてまだ見たことない他のもの）では、[クエリパラメータと文字列の検証](query-params-str-validations.md){.internal-link target=_blank}と同じようにメタデータと文字列の検証を宣言することができます。 + +また、数値のバリデーションを宣言することもできます: + +* `gt`: より大きい（`g`reater `t`han） +* `ge`: 以上（`g`reater than or `e`qual） +* `lt`: より小さい（`l`ess `t`han） +* `le`: 以下（`l`ess than or `e`qual） + +!!! info "情報" + `Query`、`Path`などは後に共通の`Param`クラスのサブクラスを見ることになります。（使う必要はありません） + + そして、それらすべては、これまで見てきた追加のバリデーションとメタデータと同じパラメータを共有しています。 + +!!! note "技術詳細" + `fastapi`から`Query`、`Path`などをインポートすると、これらは実際には関数です。 + + 呼び出されると、同じ名前のクラスのインスタンスを返します。 + + そのため、関数である`Query`をインポートし、それを呼び出すと、`Query`という名前のクラスのインスタンスが返されます。 + + これらの関数は（クラスを直接使うのではなく）エディタが型についてエラーとしないようにするために存在します。 + + この方法によって、これらのエラーを無視するための設定を追加することなく、通常のエディタやコーディングツールを使用することができます。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/path-params.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/path-params.md index 452ca0c98..66de05afb 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/path-params.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/path-params.md @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ Pythonのformat文字列と同様のシンタックスで「パスパラメー ### *パスパラメータ*の宣言 -次に、作成したenumクラスである`ModelName`を使用した型アノテーションをもつ*パスパラメータ*を作成します: +次に、作成したenumクラスである`ModelName`を使用した型アノテーションをもつ*パスパラメータ*を作成します: ```Python hl_lines="16" {!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!} diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md index ff0af725f..8d375d7ce 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md @@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ {!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!} ``` -デフォルト値`None`を`Query(None)`に置き換える必要があるので、`Query`の最初の引数はデフォルト値を定義するのと同じです。 +デフォルト値`None`を`Query(default=None)`に置き換える必要があるので、`Query`の最初の引数はデフォルト値を定義するのと同じです。 なので: ```Python -q: Optional[str] = Query(None) +q: Optional[str] = Query(default=None) ``` ...を以下と同じようにパラメータをオプションにします: @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ q: Optional[str] = None もしくは: ```Python - = Query(None) + = Query(default=None) ``` そして、 `None` を利用することでクエリパラメータが必須ではないと検知します。 @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ q: Optional[str] = None そして、さらに多くのパラメータを`Query`に渡すことができます。この場合、文字列に適用される、`max_length`パラメータを指定します。 ```Python -q: str = Query(None, max_length=50) +q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, max_length=50) ``` これにより、データを検証し、データが有効でない場合は明確なエラーを表示し、OpenAPIスキーマの　*path operation* にパラメータを記載します。 @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ q: str = Query(None, max_length=50) パラメータ`min_length`も追加することができます: -```Python hl_lines="9" +```Python hl_lines="10" {!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003.py!} ``` @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ q: str = Query(None, max_length=50) パラメータが一致するべき正規表現を定義することができます: -```Python hl_lines="10" +```Python hl_lines="11" {!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004.py!} ``` @@ -125,13 +125,13 @@ q: str 以下の代わりに: ```Python -q: Optional[str] = None +q: Union[str, None] = None ``` 現在は以下の例のように`Query`で宣言しています: ```Python -q: Optional[str] = Query(None, min_length=3) +q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, min_length=3) ``` そのため、`Query`を使用して必須の値を宣言する必要がある場合は、第一引数に`...`を使用することができます: diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/query-params.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/query-params.md index 91783a53a..5202009ef 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/query-params.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/query-params.md @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10 ...クエリパラメータは: * `skip`: 値は `0` -* `limit`: 値は `10` +* `limit`: 値は `10` これらはURLの一部なので、「自然に」文字列になります。 @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=20 同様に、デフォルト値を `None` とすることで、オプショナルなクエリパラメータを宣言できます: -```Python hl_lines="7" +```Python hl_lines="9" {!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!} ``` @@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=20 !!! note "備考" FastAPIは、`= None`があるおかげで、`q`がオプショナルだとわかります。 - + `Optional[str]` の`Optional` はFastAPIでは使用されていません（FastAPIは`str`の部分のみ使用します）。しかし、`Optional[str]` はエディタがコードのエラーを見つけるのを助けてくれます。 ## クエリパラメータの型変換 `bool` 型も宣言できます。これは以下の様に変換されます: -```Python hl_lines="7" +```Python hl_lines="9" {!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003.py!} ``` @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=on http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=yes ``` -もしくは、他の大文字小文字のバリエーション (アッパーケース、最初の文字だけアッパーケース、など)で、関数は `short` パラメータを `True` な `bool` 値として扱います。それ以外は `False` になります。 +もしくは、他の大文字小文字のバリエーション (アッパーケース、最初の文字だけアッパーケース、など)で、関数は `short` パラメータを `True` な `bool` 値として扱います。それ以外は `False` になります。 ## 複数のパスパラメータとクエリパラメータ @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=yes 名前で判別されます: -```Python hl_lines="6 8" +```Python hl_lines="8 10" {!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004.py!} ``` @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item?needy=sooooneedy そして当然、あるパラメータを必須に、別のパラメータにデフォルト値を設定し、また別のパラメータをオプショナルにできます: -```Python hl_lines="7" +```Python hl_lines="10" {!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006.py!} ``` diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md index 06105c9ef..bce6e8d9a 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ HTMLフォーム（`
`）がサーバにデータを送信する方 フォームからのデータは通常、`application/x-www-form-urlencoded`の「media type」を使用してエンコードされます。 しかし、フォームがファイルを含む場合は、`multipart/form-data`としてエンコードされます。ファイルの扱いについては次の章で説明します。 - + これらのエンコーディングやフォームフィールドの詳細については、MDNのPOSTのウェブドキュメントを参照してください。 !!! warning "注意" diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/response-model.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/response-model.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..749b33061 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/response-model.md @@ -0,0 +1,208 @@ +# レスポンスモデル + +*path operations* のいずれにおいても、`response_model`パラメータを使用して、レスポンスのモデルを宣言することができます: + +* `@app.get()` +* `@app.post()` +* `@app.put()` +* `@app.delete()` +* など。 + +```Python hl_lines="17" +{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "備考" + `response_model`は「デコレータ」メソッド（`get`、`post`など）のパラメータであることに注意してください。すべてのパラメータやボディのように、*path operation関数* のパラメータではありません。 + +Pydanticモデルの属性に対して宣言するのと同じ型を受け取るので、Pydanticモデルになることもできますが、例えば、`List[Item]`のようなPydanticモデルの`list`になることもできます。 + +FastAPIは`response_model`を使って以下のことをします: + +* 出力データを型宣言に変換します。 +* データを検証します。 +* OpenAPIの *path operation* で、レスポンス用のJSON Schemaを追加します。 +* 自動ドキュメントシステムで使用されます。 + +しかし、最も重要なのは: + +* 出力データをモデルのデータに限定します。これがどのように重要なのか以下で見ていきましょう。 + +!!! note "技術詳細" + レスポンスモデルは、関数の戻り値のアノテーションではなく、このパラメータで宣言されています。なぜなら、パス関数は実際にはそのレスポンスモデルを返すのではなく、`dict`やデータベースオブジェクト、あるいは他のモデルを返し、`response_model`を使用してフィールドの制限やシリアライズを行うからです。 + +## 同じ入力データの返却 + +ここでは`UserIn`モデルを宣言しています。それには平文のパスワードが含まれています: + +```Python hl_lines="9 11" +{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +そして、このモデルを使用して入力を宣言し、同じモデルを使って出力を宣言しています: + +```Python hl_lines="17 18" +{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +これで、ブラウザがパスワードを使ってユーザーを作成する際に、APIがレスポンスで同じパスワードを返すようになりました。 + +この場合、ユーザー自身がパスワードを送信しているので問題ないかもしれません。 + +しかし、同じモデルを別の*path operation*に使用すると、すべてのクライアントにユーザーのパスワードを送信してしまうことになります。 + +!!! danger "危険" + ユーザーの平文のパスワードを保存したり、レスポンスで送信したりすることは絶対にしないでください。 + +## 出力モデルの追加 + +代わりに、平文のパスワードを持つ入力モデルと、パスワードを持たない出力モデルを作成することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="9 11 16" +{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +ここでは、*path operation関数*がパスワードを含む同じ入力ユーザーを返しているにもかかわらず: + +```Python hl_lines="24" +{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +...`response_model`を`UserOut`と宣言したことで、パスワードが含まれていません: + +```Python hl_lines="22" +{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +そのため、**FastAPI** は出力モデルで宣言されていない全てのデータをフィルタリングしてくれます（Pydanticを使用）。 + +## ドキュメントを見る + +自動ドキュメントを見ると、入力モデルと出力モデルがそれぞれ独自のJSON Schemaを持っていることが確認できます。 + + + +そして、両方のモデルは、対話型のAPIドキュメントに使用されます: + + + +## レスポンスモデルのエンコーディングパラメータ + +レスポンスモデルにはデフォルト値を設定することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="11 13 14" +{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +* `description: str = None`は`None`がデフォルト値です。 +* `tax: float = 10.5`は`10.5`がデフォルト値です。 +* `tags: List[str] = []` は空のリスト（`[]`）がデフォルト値です。 + +しかし、実際に保存されていない場合には結果からそれらを省略した方が良いかもしれません。 + +例えば、NoSQLデータベースに多くのオプション属性を持つモデルがあるが、デフォルト値でいっぱいの非常に長いJSONレスポンスを送信したくない場合です。 + +### `response_model_exclude_unset`パラメータの使用 + +*path operation デコレータ*に`response_model_exclude_unset=True`パラメータを設定することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="24" +{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +そして、これらのデフォルト値はレスポンスに含まれず、実際に設定された値のみが含まれます。 + +そのため、*path operation*にID`foo`が設定されたitemのリクエストを送ると、レスポンスは以下のようになります（デフォルト値を含まない）: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "price": 50.2 +} +``` + +!!! info "情報" + FastAPIはこれをするために、Pydanticモデルの`.dict()`をその`exclude_unset`パラメータで使用しています。 + +!!! info "情報" + 以下も使用することができます: + + * `response_model_exclude_defaults=True` + * `response_model_exclude_none=True` + + `exclude_defaults`と`exclude_none`については、Pydanticのドキュメントで説明されている通りです。 + +#### デフォルト値を持つフィールドの値を持つデータ + +しかし、ID`bar`のitemのように、デフォルト値が設定されているモデルのフィールドに値が設定されている場合: + +```Python hl_lines="3 5" +{ + "name": "Bar", + "description": "The bartenders", + "price": 62, + "tax": 20.2 +} +``` + +それらはレスポンスに含まれます。 + +#### デフォルト値と同じ値を持つデータ + +ID`baz`のitemのようにデフォルト値と同じ値を持つデータの場合: + +```Python hl_lines="3 5 6" +{ + "name": "Baz", + "description": None, + "price": 50.2, + "tax": 10.5, + "tags": [] +} +``` + +FastAPIは十分に賢いので（実際には、Pydanticが十分に賢い）`description`や`tax`、`tags`はデフォルト値と同じ値を持っているにもかかわらず、明示的に設定されていることを理解しています。（デフォルトから取得するのではなく） + +そのため、それらはJSONレスポンスに含まれることになります。 + +!!! tip "豆知識" + デフォルト値は`None`だけでなく、なんでも良いことに注意してください。 + 例えば、リスト（`[]`）や`10.5`の`float`などです。 + +### `response_model_include`と`response_model_exclude` + +*path operationデコレータ*として`response_model_include`と`response_model_exclude`も使用することができます。 + +属性名を持つ`str`の`set`を受け取り、含める(残りを省略する)か、除外(残りを含む)します。 + +これは、Pydanticモデルが１つしかなく、出力からいくつかのデータを削除したい場合のクイックショートカットとして使用することができます。 + +!!! tip "豆知識" + それでも、これらのパラメータではなく、複数のクラスを使用して、上記のようなアイデアを使うことをおすすめします。 + + これは`response_model_include`や`response_mode_exclude`を使用していくつかの属性を省略しても、アプリケーションのOpenAPI（とドキュメント）で生成されたJSON Schemaが完全なモデルになるからです。 + + 同様に動作する`response_model_by_alias`にも当てはまります。 + +```Python hl_lines="31 37" +{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "豆知識" + `{"name", "description"}`の構文はこれら２つの値をもつ`set`を作成します。 + + これは`set(["name", "description"])`と同等です。 + +#### `set`の代わりに`list`を使用する + +もし`set`を使用することを忘れて、代わりに`list`や`tuple`を使用しても、FastAPIはそれを`set`に変換して正しく動作します: + +```Python hl_lines="31 37" +{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +## まとめ + +*path operationデコレータの*`response_model`パラメータを使用して、レスポンスモデルを定義し、特にプライベートデータがフィルタリングされていることを保証します。 + +明示的に設定された値のみを返すには、`response_model_exclude_unset`を使用します。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ead2addda --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +# レスポンスステータスコード + +レスポンスモデルを指定するのと同じ方法で、レスポンスに使用されるHTTPステータスコードを以下の*path operations*のいずれかの`status_code`パラメータで宣言することもできます。 + +* `@app.get()` +* `@app.post()` +* `@app.put()` +* `@app.delete()` +* など。 + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "備考" + `status_code`は「デコレータ」メソッド（`get`、`post`など）のパラメータであることに注意してください。すべてのパラメータやボディのように、*path operation関数*のものではありません。 + +`status_code`パラメータはHTTPステータスコードを含む数値を受け取ります。 + +!!! info "情報" + `status_code`は代わりに、Pythonの`http.HTTPStatus`のように、`IntEnum`を受け取ることもできます。 + +これは: + +* レスポンスでステータスコードを返します。 +* OpenAPIスキーマ（およびユーザーインターフェース）に以下のように文書化します: + + + +!!! note "備考" + いくつかのレスポンスコード（次のセクションを参照）は、レスポンスにボディがないことを示しています。 + + FastAPIはこれを知っていて、レスポンスボディがないというOpenAPIドキュメントを生成します。 + +## HTTPステータスコードについて + +!!! note "備考" + すでにHTTPステータスコードが何であるかを知っている場合は、次のセクションにスキップしてください。 + +HTTPでは、レスポンスの一部として３桁の数字のステータスコードを送信します。 + +これらのステータスコードは、それらを認識するために関連付けられた名前を持っていますが、重要な部分は番号です。 + +つまり: + +* `100`以上は「情報」のためのものです。。直接使うことはほとんどありません。これらのステータスコードを持つレスポンスはボディを持つことができません。 +* **`200`** 以上は「成功」のレスポンスのためのものです。これらは最も利用するであろうものです。 + * `200`はデフォルトのステータスコードで、すべてが「OK」であったことを意味します。 + * 別の例としては、`201`（Created）があります。これはデータベースに新しいレコードを作成した後によく使用されます。 + * 特殊なケースとして、`204`（No Content）があります。このレスポンスはクライアントに返すコンテンツがない場合に使用されます。そしてこのレスポンスはボディを持つことはできません。 +* **`300`** 以上は「リダイレクト」のためのものです。これらのステータスコードを持つレスポンスは`304`（Not Modified）を除き、ボディを持つことも持たないこともできます。 +* **`400`** 以上は「クライアントエラー」のレスポンスのためのものです。これらは、おそらく最も多用するであろう２番目のタイプです。 + * 例えば、`404`は「Not Found」レスポンスです。 + * クライアントからの一般的なエラーについては、`400`を使用することができます。 +* `500`以上はサーバーエラーのためのものです。これらを直接使うことはほとんどありません。アプリケーションコードやサーバーのどこかで何か問題が発生した場合、これらのステータスコードのいずれかが自動的に返されます。 + +!!! tip "豆知識" + それぞれのステータスコードとどのコードが何のためのコードなのかについて詳細はMDN HTTP レスポンスステータスコードについてのドキュメントを参照してください。 + +## 名前を覚えるための近道 + +先ほどの例をもう一度見てみましょう: + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`201`は「作成完了」のためのステータスコードです。 + +しかし、それぞれのコードの意味を暗記する必要はありません。 + +`fastapi.status`の便利な変数を利用することができます。 + +```Python hl_lines="1 6" +{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +それらは便利です。それらは同じ番号を保持しており、その方法ではエディタの自動補完を使用してそれらを見つけることができます。 + + + +!!! note "技術詳細" + また、`from starlette import status`を使うこともできます。 + + **FastAPI** は、`開発者の利便性を考慮して、fastapi.status`と同じ`starlette.status`を提供しています。しかし、これはStarletteから直接提供されています。 + +## デフォルトの変更 + +後に、[高度なユーザーガイド](../advanced/response-change-status-code.md){.internal-link target=_blank}で、ここで宣言しているデフォルトとは異なるステータスコードを返す方法を見ていきます。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3102a4936 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +# スキーマの追加 - 例 + +JSON Schemaに追加する情報を定義することができます。 + +一般的なユースケースはこのドキュメントで示されているように`example`を追加することです。 + +JSON Schemaの追加情報を宣言する方法はいくつかあります。 + +## Pydanticの`schema_extra` + +Pydanticのドキュメント: スキーマのカスタマイズで説明されているように、`Config`と`schema_extra`を使ってPydanticモデルの例を宣言することができます: + +```Python hl_lines="15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23" +{!../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +その追加情報はそのまま出力され、JSON Schemaに追加されます。 + +## `Field`の追加引数 + +後述する`Field`、`Path`、`Query`、`Body`などでは、任意の引数を関数に渡すことでJSON Schemaの追加情報を宣言することもできます: + +```Python hl_lines="4 10 11 12 13" +{!../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +!!! warning "注意" + これらの追加引数が渡されても、文書化のためのバリデーションは追加されず、注釈だけが追加されることを覚えておいてください。 + +## `Body`の追加引数 + +追加情報を`Field`に渡すのと同じように、`Path`、`Query`、`Body`などでも同じことができます。 + +例えば、`Body`にボディリクエストの`example`を渡すことができます: + +```Python hl_lines="21 22 23 24 25 26" +{!../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +## ドキュメントのUIの例 + +上記のいずれの方法でも、`/docs`の中では以下のようになります: + + + +## 技術詳細 + +`example` と `examples`について... + +JSON Schemaの最新バージョンでは`examples`というフィールドを定義していますが、OpenAPIは`examples`を持たない古いバージョンのJSON Schemaをベースにしています。 + +そのため、OpenAPIでは同じ目的のために`example`を独自に定義しており（`examples`ではなく`example`として）、それがdocs UI（Swagger UIを使用）で使用されています。 + +つまり、`example`はJSON Schemaの一部ではありませんが、OpenAPIの一部であり、それがdocs UIで使用されることになります。 + +## その他の情報 + +同じように、フロントエンドのユーザーインターフェースなどをカスタマイズするために、各モデルのJSON Schemaに追加される独自の追加情報を追加することができます。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/security/get-current-user.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/security/get-current-user.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7f8dcaad2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/security/get-current-user.md @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +# 現在のユーザーの取得 + +一つ前の章では、（依存性注入システムに基づいた）セキュリティシステムは、 *path operation関数* に `str` として `token` を与えていました: + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +しかし、それはまだそんなに有用ではありません。 + +現在のユーザーを取得するようにしてみましょう。 + +## ユーザーモデルの作成 + +まずは、Pydanticのユーザーモデルを作成しましょう。 + +ボディを宣言するのにPydanticを使用するのと同じやり方で、Pydanticを別のどんなところでも使うことができます: + +```Python hl_lines="5 12-16" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## 依存関係 `get_current_user` を作成 + +依存関係 `get_current_user` を作ってみましょう。 + +依存関係はサブ依存関係を持つことができるのを覚えていますか？ + +`get_current_user` は前に作成した `oauth2_scheme` と同じ依存関係を持ちます。 + +以前直接 *path operation* の中でしていたのと同じように、新しい依存関係である `get_current_user` は `str` として `token` を受け取るようになります: + +```Python hl_lines="25" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## ユーザーの取得 + +`get_current_user` は作成した（偽物の）ユーティリティ関数を使って、 `str` としてトークンを受け取り、先ほどのPydanticの `User` モデルを返却します: + +```Python hl_lines="19-22 26-27" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## 現在のユーザーの注入 + +ですので、 `get_current_user` に対して同様に *path operation* の中で `Depends` を利用できます。 + +```Python hl_lines="31" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +Pydanticモデルの `User` として、 `current_user` の型を宣言することに注意してください。 + +その関数の中ですべての入力補完や型チェックを行う際に役に立ちます。 + +!!! tip "豆知識" + リクエストボディはPydanticモデルでも宣言できることを覚えているかもしれません。 + + ここでは `Depends` を使っているおかげで、 **FastAPI** が混乱することはありません。 + + +!!! check "確認" + 依存関係システムがこのように設計されているおかげで、 `User` モデルを返却する別の依存関係（別の"dependables"）を持つことができます。 + + 同じデータ型を返却する依存関係は一つだけしか持てない、という制約が入ることはないのです。 + + +## 別のモデル + +これで、*path operation関数* の中で現在のユーザーを直接取得し、`Depends` を使って、 **依存性注入** レベルでセキュリティメカニズムを処理できるようになりました。 + +そして、セキュリティ要件のためにどんなモデルやデータでも利用することができます。（この場合は、 Pydanticモデルの `User`） + +しかし、特定のデータモデルやクラス、型に制限されることはありません。 + +モデルを、 `id` と `email` は持つが、 `username` は全く持たないようにしたいですか？ わかりました。同じ手段でこうしたこともできます。 + +ある `str` だけを持ちたい？ あるいはある `dict` だけですか？ それとも、データベースクラスのモデルインスタンスを直接持ちたいですか？ すべて同じやり方で機能します。 + +実際には、あなたのアプリケーションにはログインするようなユーザーはおらず、単にアクセストークンを持つロボットやボット、別のシステムがありますか？ここでも、全く同じようにすべて機能します。 + +あなたのアプリケーションに必要なのがどんな種類のモデル、どんな種類のクラス、どんな種類のデータベースであったとしても、 **FastAPI** は依存性注入システムでカバーしてくれます。 + + +## コードサイズ + +この例は冗長に見えるかもしれません。セキュリティとデータモデルユーティリティ関数および *path operations* が同じファイルに混在しているということを覚えておいてください。 + +しかし、ここに重要なポイントがあります。 + +セキュリティと依存性注入に関するものは、一度だけ書きます。 + +そして、それは好きなだけ複雑にすることができます。それでも、一箇所に、一度だけ書くのです。すべての柔軟性を備えます。 + +しかし、同じセキュリティシステムを使って何千ものエンドポイント（*path operations*）を持つことができます。 + +そして、それらエンドポイントのすべて（必要な、どの部分でも）がこうした依存関係や、あなたが作成する別の依存関係を再利用する利点を享受できるのです。 + +さらに、こうした何千もの *path operations* は、たった3行で表現できるのです: + +```Python hl_lines="30-32" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## まとめ + +これで、 *path operation関数* の中で直接現在のユーザーを取得できるようになりました。 + +既に半分のところまで来ています。 + +あとは、 `username` と `password` を実際にそのユーザーやクライアントに送る、 *path operation* を追加する必要があるだけです。 + +次はそれを説明します。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/security/index.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/security/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..390f21047 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/security/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +# セキュリティ入門 + +セキュリティ、認証、認可を扱うには多くの方法があります。 + +そして、通常、それは複雑で「難しい」トピックです。 + +多くのフレームワークやシステムでは、セキュリティと認証を処理するだけで、膨大な労力とコードが必要になります（多くの場合、書かれた全コードの50%以上を占めることがあります）。 + +**FastAPI** は、セキュリティの仕様をすべて勉強して学ぶことなく、標準的な方法で簡単に、迅速に**セキュリティ**を扱うためのツールをいくつか提供します。 + +しかし、その前に、いくつかの小さな概念を確認しましょう。 + +## お急ぎですか？ + +もし、これらの用語に興味がなく、ユーザー名とパスワードに基づく認証でセキュリティを**今すぐ**確保する必要がある場合は、次の章に進んでください。 + +## OAuth2 + +OAuth2は、認証と認可を処理するためのいくつかの方法を定義した仕様です。 + +かなり広範囲な仕様で、いくつかの複雑なユースケースをカバーしています。 + +これには「サードパーティ」を使用して認証する方法が含まれています。 + +これが、「Facebook、Google、Twitter、GitHubを使ってログイン」を使用したすべてのシステムの背後で使われている仕組みです。 + +### OAuth 1 + +OAuth 1というものもありましたが、これはOAuth2とは全く異なり、通信をどのように暗号化するかという仕様が直接的に含まれており、より複雑なものとなっています。 + +現在ではあまり普及していませんし、使われてもいません。 + +OAuth2は、通信を暗号化する方法を指定せず、アプリケーションがHTTPSで提供されることを想定しています。 + +!!! tip "豆知識" + **デプロイ**のセクションでは、TraefikとLet's Encryptを使用して、無料でHTTPSを設定する方法が紹介されています。 + + +## OpenID Connect + +OpenID Connectは、**OAuth2**をベースにした別の仕様です。 + +これはOAuth2を拡張したもので、OAuth2ではやや曖昧だった部分を明確にし、より相互運用性を高めようとしたものです。 + +例として、GoogleのログインはOpenID Connectを使用しています（これはOAuth2がベースになっています）。 + +しかし、FacebookのログインはOpenID Connectをサポートしていません。OAuth2を独自にアレンジしています。 + +### OpenID (「OpenID Connect」ではない) + +また、「OpenID」という仕様もありました。それは、**OpenID Connect**と同じことを解決しようとしたものですが、OAuth2に基づいているわけではありませんでした。 + +つまり、完全な追加システムだったのです。 + +現在ではあまり普及していませんし、使われてもいません。 + +## OpenAPI + +OpenAPI（以前はSwaggerとして知られていました）は、APIを構築するためのオープンな仕様です（現在はLinux Foundationの一部になっています）。 + +**FastAPI**は、**OpenAPI**をベースにしています。 + +それが、複数の自動対話型ドキュメント・インターフェースやコード生成などを可能にしているのです。 + +OpenAPIには、複数のセキュリティ「スキーム」を定義する方法があります。 + +それらを使用することで、これらの対話型ドキュメントシステムを含む、標準ベースのツールをすべて活用できます。 + +OpenAPIでは、以下のセキュリティスキームを定義しています: + +* `apiKey`: アプリケーション固有のキーで、これらのものから取得できます。 + * クエリパラメータ + * ヘッダー + * クッキー +* `http`: 標準的なHTTP認証システムで、これらのものを含みます。 + * `bearer`: ヘッダ `Authorization` の値が `Bearer ` で、トークンが含まれます。これはOAuth2から継承しています。 + * HTTP Basic認証 + * HTTP ダイジェスト認証など +* `oauth2`: OAuth2のセキュリティ処理方法（「フロー」と呼ばれます）のすべて。 + * これらのフローのいくつかは、OAuth 2.0認証プロバイダ（Google、Facebook、Twitter、GitHubなど）を構築するのに適しています。 + * `implicit` + * `clientCredentials` + * `authorizationCode` + * しかし、同じアプリケーション内で認証を直接処理するために完全に機能する特定の「フロー」があります。 + * `password`: 次のいくつかの章では、その例を紹介します。 +* `openIdConnect`: OAuth2認証データを自動的に発見する方法を定義できます。 + * この自動検出メカニズムは、OpenID Connectの仕様で定義されているものです。 + + +!!! tip "豆知識" + Google、Facebook、Twitter、GitHubなど、他の認証/認可プロバイダを統合することも可能で、比較的簡単です。 + + 最も複雑な問題は、それらのような認証/認可プロバイダを構築することですが、**FastAPI**は、あなたのために重い仕事をこなしながら、それを簡単に行うためのツールを提供します。 + +## **FastAPI** ユーティリティ + +FastAPIは `fastapi.security` モジュールの中で、これらのセキュリティスキームごとにいくつかのツールを提供し、これらのセキュリティメカニズムを簡単に使用できるようにします。 + +次の章では、**FastAPI** が提供するこれらのツールを使って、あなたのAPIにセキュリティを追加する方法について見ていきます。 + +また、それがどのようにインタラクティブなドキュメントシステムに自動的に統合されるかも見ていきます。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md index 348ffda01..d5b179aa0 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ JWTトークンの署名に使用するアルゴリズム`"HS256"`を指定し JWTアクセストークンを作成し、それを返します。 -```Python hl_lines="115-128" +```Python hl_lines="115-130" {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!} ``` diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/static-files.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/static-files.md index fcc3ba924..1d9c434c3 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/static-files.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/static-files.md @@ -2,20 +2,6 @@ `StaticFiles` を使用して、ディレクトリから静的ファイルを自動的に提供できます。 -## `aiofiles` をインストール - -まず、`aiofiles` をインストールする必要があります: - -
- -```console -$ pip install aiofiles - ----> 100% -``` - -
- ## `StaticFiles` の使用 * `StaticFiles` をインポート。 diff --git a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/testing.md b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/testing.md index ebd2de37c..037e9628f 100644 --- a/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/testing.md +++ b/docs/ja/docs/tutorial/testing.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Starlette のおかげで、**FastAPI** アプリケーションのテストは簡単で楽しいものになっています。 -Requests がベースなので、非常に使いやすく直感的です。 +HTTPX がベースなので、非常に使いやすく直感的です。 これを使用すると、**FastAPI** と共に pytest を直接利用できます。 @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ `test_` から始まる名前の関数を作成します (これは `pytest` の標準的なコンベンションです)。 -`requests` と同じ様に `TestClient` オブジェクトを使用します。 +`httpx` と同じ様に `TestClient` オブジェクトを使用します。 チェックしたい Python の標準的な式と共に、シンプルに `assert` 文を記述します。 @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ !!! tip "豆知識" FastAPIアプリケーションへのリクエストの送信とは別に、テストで `async` 関数 (非同期データベース関数など) を呼び出したい場合は、高度なチュートリアルの[Async Tests](../advanced/async-tests.md){.internal-link target=_blank} を参照してください。 - + ## テストの分離 実際のアプリケーションでは、おそらくテストを別のファイルに保存します。 @@ -74,19 +74,27 @@ これらの *path operation* には `X-Token` ヘッダーが必要です。 -```Python -{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/main_b.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_py310/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b/main.py!} + ``` ### 拡張版テストファイル 次に、先程のものに拡張版のテストを加えた、`test_main_b.py` を作成します。 ```Python -{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/test_main_b.py!} +{!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b/test_main.py!} ``` -リクエストに情報を渡せるクライアントが必要で、その方法がわからない場合はいつでも、`requests` での実現方法を検索 (Google) できます。 +リクエストに情報を渡せるクライアントが必要で、その方法がわからない場合はいつでも、`httpx` での実現方法を検索 (Google) できます。 テストでも同じことを行います。 @@ -98,13 +106,13 @@ * *ヘッダー* を渡すには、`headers` パラメータに `dict` を渡します。 * *cookies* の場合、 `cookies` パラメータに `dict` です。 -(`requests` または `TestClient` を使用して) バックエンドにデータを渡す方法の詳細は、Requestsのドキュメントを確認してください。 +(`httpx` または `TestClient` を使用して) バックエンドにデータを渡す方法の詳細は、HTTPXのドキュメントを確認してください。 !!! info "情報" `TestClient` は、Pydanticモデルではなく、JSONに変換できるデータを受け取ることに注意してください。 テストにPydanticモデルがあり、テスト中にそのデータをアプリケーションに送信したい場合は、[JSON互換エンコーダ](encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank} で説明されている `jsonable_encoder` が利用できます。 - + ## 実行 後は、`pytest` をインストールするだけです: diff --git a/docs/ja/mkdocs.yml b/docs/ja/mkdocs.yml index 237bc9654..de18856f4 100644 --- a/docs/ja/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/ja/mkdocs.yml @@ -1,168 +1 @@ -site_name: FastAPI -site_description: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production -site_url: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/ja/ -theme: - name: material - custom_dir: overrides - palette: - - scheme: default - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb - name: Switch to light mode - - scheme: slate - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb-outline - name: Switch to dark mode - features: - - search.suggest - - search.highlight - - content.tabs.link - icon: - repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - logo: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/icon-white.svg - favicon: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png - language: ja -repo_name: tiangolo/fastapi -repo_url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi -edit_uri: '' -google_analytics: -- UA-133183413-1 -- auto -plugins: -- search -- markdownextradata: - data: data -nav: -- FastAPI: index.md -- Languages: - - en: / - - az: /az/ - - de: /de/ - - es: /es/ - - fr: /fr/ - - id: /id/ - - it: /it/ - - ja: /ja/ - - ko: /ko/ - - pl: /pl/ - - pt: /pt/ - - ru: /ru/ - - sq: /sq/ - - tr: /tr/ - - uk: /uk/ - - zh: /zh/ -- features.md -- fastapi-people.md -- チュートリアル - ユーザーガイド: - - tutorial/index.md - - tutorial/first-steps.md - - tutorial/path-params.md - - tutorial/query-params.md - - tutorial/body.md - - tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md - - tutorial/cookie-params.md - - tutorial/header-params.md - - tutorial/request-forms.md - - tutorial/body-updates.md - - セキュリティ: - - tutorial/security/first-steps.md - - tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md - - tutorial/middleware.md - - tutorial/cors.md - - tutorial/static-files.md - - tutorial/testing.md - - tutorial/debugging.md -- 高度なユーザーガイド: - - advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md - - advanced/additional-status-codes.md - - advanced/response-directly.md - - advanced/custom-response.md -- async.md -- デプロイ: - - deployment/index.md - - deployment/versions.md - - deployment/deta.md - - deployment/docker.md - - deployment/manually.md -- project-generation.md -- alternatives.md -- history-design-future.md -- external-links.md -- benchmarks.md -- help-fastapi.md -- contributing.md -markdown_extensions: -- toc: - permalink: true -- markdown.extensions.codehilite: - guess_lang: false -- mdx_include: - base_path: docs -- admonition -- codehilite -- extra -- pymdownx.superfences: - custom_fences: - - name: mermaid - class: mermaid - format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' -- pymdownx.tabbed -extra: - social: - - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/discord - link: https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf - - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter - link: https://twitter.com/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin - link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/dev - link: https://dev.to/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/medium - link: https://medium.com/@tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/solid/globe - link: https://tiangolo.com - alternate: - - link: / - name: en - English - - link: /az/ - name: az - - link: /de/ - name: de - - link: /es/ - name: es - español - - link: /fr/ - name: fr - français - - link: /id/ - name: id - - link: /it/ - name: it - italiano - - link: /ja/ - name: ja - 日本語 - - link: /ko/ - name: ko - 한국어 - - link: /pl/ - name: pl - - link: /pt/ - name: pt - português - - link: /ru/ - name: ru - русский язык - - link: /sq/ - name: sq - shqip - - link: /tr/ - name: tr - Türkçe - - link: /uk/ - name: uk - українська мова - - link: /zh/ - name: zh - 汉语 -extra_css: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/termynal.css -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/custom.css -extra_javascript: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/termynal.js -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/custom.js +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/async.md b/docs/ko/docs/async.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..47dbaa1b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/async.md @@ -0,0 +1,404 @@ +# 동시성과 async / await + +*경로 작동 함수*에서의 `async def` 문법에 대한 세부사항과 비동기 코드, 동시성 및 병렬성에 대한 배경 + +## 바쁘신 경우 + +요약 + +다음과 같이 `await`를 사용해 호출하는 제3의 라이브러리를 사용하는 경우: + +```Python +results = await some_library() +``` + +다음처럼 *경로 작동 함수*를 `async def`를 사용해 선언하십시오: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +@app.get('/') +async def read_results(): + results = await some_library() + return results +``` + +!!! note "참고" + `async def`로 생성된 함수 내부에서만 `await`를 사용할 수 있습니다. + +--- + +데이터베이스, API, 파일시스템 등과 의사소통하는 제3의 라이브러리를 사용하고, 그것이 `await`를 지원하지 않는 경우(현재 거의 모든 데이터베이스 라이브러리가 그러합니다), *경로 작동 함수*를 일반적인 `def`를 사용해 선언하십시오: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +@app.get('/') +def results(): + results = some_library() + return results +``` + +--- + +만약 당신의 응용프로그램이 (어째서인지) 다른 무엇과 의사소통하고 그것이 응답하기를 기다릴 필요가 없다면 `async def`를 사용하십시오. + +--- + +모르겠다면, 그냥 `def`를 사용하십시오. + +--- + +**참고**: *경로 작동 함수*에서 필요한만큼 `def`와 `async def`를 혼용할 수 있고, 가장 알맞은 것을 선택해서 정의할 수 있습니다. FastAPI가 자체적으로 알맞은 작업을 수행할 것입니다. + +어찌되었든, 상기 어떠한 경우라도, FastAPI는 여전히 비동기적으로 작동하고 매우 빠릅니다. + +그러나 상기 작업을 수행함으로써 어느 정도의 성능 최적화가 가능합니다. + +## 기술적 세부사항 + +최신 파이썬 버전은 `async`와 `await` 문법과 함께 **“코루틴”**이라고 하는 것을 사용하는 **“비동기 코드”**를 지원합니다. + +아래 섹션들에서 해당 문장을 부분별로 살펴보겠습니다: + +* **비동기 코드** +* **`async`와 `await`** +* **코루틴** + +## 비동기 코드 + +비동기 코드란 언어 💬 가 코드의 어느 한 부분에서, 컴퓨터 / 프로그램🤖에게 *다른 무언가*가 어딘가에서 끝날 때까지 기다려야한다고 말하는 방식입니다. *다른 무언가*가 “느린-파일" 📝 이라고 불린다고 가정해봅시다. + +따라서 “느린-파일” 📝이 끝날때까지 컴퓨터는 다른 작업을 수행할 수 있습니다. + +그 다음 컴퓨터 / 프로그램 🤖 은 다시 기다리고 있기 때문에 기회가 있을 때마다 다시 돌아오거나, 혹은 당시에 수행해야하는 작업들이 완료될 때마다 다시 돌아옵니다. 그리고 그것 🤖 은 기다리고 있던 작업 중 어느 것이 이미 완료되었는지, 그것 🤖 이 해야하는 모든 작업을 수행하면서 확인합니다. + +다음으로, 그것 🤖 은 완료할 첫번째 작업에 착수하고(우리의 "느린-파일" 📝 이라고 가정합시다) 그에 대해 수행해야하는 작업을 계속합니다. + +"다른 무언가를 기다리는 것"은 일반적으로 비교적 "느린" (프로세서와 RAM 메모리 속도에 비해) I/O 작업을 의미합니다. 예를 들면 다음의 것들을 기다리는 것입니다: + +* 네트워크를 통해 클라이언트로부터 전송되는 데이터 +* 네트워크를 통해 클라이언트가 수신할, 당신의 프로그램으로부터 전송되는 데이터 +* 시스템이 읽고 프로그램에 전달할 디스크 내의 파일 내용 +* 당신의 프로그램이 시스템에 전달하는, 디스크에 작성될 내용 +* 원격 API 작업 +* 완료될 데이터베이스 작업 +* 결과를 반환하는 데이터베이스 쿼리 +* 기타 + +수행 시간의 대부분이 I/O 작업을 기다리는데에 소요되기 때문에, "I/O에 묶인" 작업이라고 불립니다. + +이것은 "비동기"라고 불리는데 컴퓨터 / 프로그램이 작업 결과를 가지고 일을 수행할 수 있도록, 느린 작업에 "동기화"되어 아무것도 하지 않으면서 작업이 완료될 정확한 시점만을 기다릴 필요가 없기 때문입니다. + +이 대신에, "비동기" 시스템에서는, 작업은 일단 완료되면, 컴퓨터 / 프로그램이 수행하고 있는 일을 완료하고 이후 다시 돌아와서 그것의 결과를 받아 이를 사용해 작업을 지속할 때까지 잠시 (몇 마이크로초) 대기할 수 있습니다. + +"동기"("비동기"의 반대)는 컴퓨터 / 프로그램이 상이한 작업들간 전환을 하기 전에 그것이 대기를 동반하게 될지라도 모든 순서를 따르기 때문에 "순차"라는 용어로도 흔히 불립니다. + +### 동시성과 버거 + +위에서 설명한 **비동기** 코드에 대한 개념은 종종 **"동시성"**이라고도 불립니다. 이것은 **"병렬성"**과는 다릅니다. + +**동시성**과 **병렬성**은 모두 "동시에 일어나는 서로 다른 일들"과 관련이 있습니다. + +하지만 *동시성*과 *병렬성*의 세부적인 개념에는 꽤 차이가 있습니다. + +차이를 확인하기 위해, 다음의 버거에 대한 이야기를 상상해보십시오: + +### 동시 버거 + +당신은 짝사랑 상대 😍 와 패스트푸드 🍔 를 먹으러 갔습니다. 당신은 점원 💁 이 당신 앞에 있는 사람들의 주문을 받을 동안 줄을 서서 기다리고 있습니다. + +이제 당신의 순서가 되어서, 당신은 당신과 짝사랑 상대 😍 를 위한 두 개의 고급스러운 버거 🍔 를 주문합니다. + +당신이 돈을 냅니다 💸. + +점원 💁 은 주방 👨‍🍳 에 요리를 하라고 전달하고, 따라서 그들은 당신의 버거 🍔 를 준비해야한다는 사실을 알게됩니다(그들이 지금은 당신 앞 고객들의 주문을 준비하고 있을지라도 말입니다). + +점원 💁 은 당신의 순서가 적힌 번호표를 줍니다. + +기다리는 동안, 당신은 짝사랑 상대 😍 와 함께 테이블을 고르고, 자리에 앉아 오랫동안 (당신이 주문한 버거는 꽤나 고급스럽기 때문에 준비하는데 시간이 조금 걸립니다 ✨🍔✨) 대화를 나눕니다. + +짝사랑 상대 😍 와 테이블에 앉아서 버거 🍔 를 기다리는 동안, 그 사람 😍 이 얼마나 멋지고, 사랑스럽고, 똑똑한지 감탄하며 시간을 보냅니다 ✨😍✨. + +짝사랑 상대 😍 와 기다리면서 얘기하는 동안, 때때로, 당신은 당신의 차례가 되었는지 보기 위해 카운터의 번호를 확인합니다. + +그러다 어느 순간, 당신의 차례가 됩니다. 카운터에 가서, 버거 🍔 를 받고, 테이블로 다시 돌아옵니다. + +당신과 짝사랑 상대 😍 는 버거 🍔 를 먹으며 좋은 시간을 보냅니다 ✨. + +--- + +당신이 이 이야기에서 컴퓨터 / 프로그램 🤖 이라고 상상해보십시오. + +줄을 서서 기다리는 동안, 당신은 아무것도 하지 않고 😴 당신의 차례를 기다리며, 어떠한 "생산적인" 일도 하지 않습니다. 하지만 점원 💁 이 (음식을 준비하지는 않고) 주문을 받기만 하기 때문에 줄이 빨리 줄어들어서 괜찮습니다. + +그다음, 당신이 차례가 오면, 당신은 실제로 "생산적인" 일 🤓 을 합니다. 당신은 메뉴를 보고, 무엇을 먹을지 결정하고, 짝사랑 상대 😍 의 선택을 묻고, 돈을 내고 💸 , 맞는 카드를 냈는지 확인하고, 비용이 제대로 지불되었는지 확인하고, 주문이 제대로 들어갔는지 확인을 하는 작업 등등을 수행합니다. + +하지만 이후에는, 버거 🍔 를 아직 받지 못했음에도, 버거가 준비될 때까지 기다려야 🕙 하기 때문에 점원 💁 과의 작업은 "일시정지" ⏸ 상태입니다. + +하지만 번호표를 받고 카운터에서 나와 테이블에 앉으면, 당신은 짝사랑 상대 😍 와 그 "작업" ⏯ 🤓 에 번갈아가며 🔀 집중합니다. 그러면 당신은 다시 짝사랑 상대 😍 에게 작업을 거는 매우 "생산적인" 일 🤓 을 합니다. + +점원 💁 이 카운터 화면에 당신의 번호를 표시함으로써 "버거 🍔 가 준비되었습니다"라고 해도, 당신은 즉시 뛰쳐나가지는 않을 것입니다. 당신은 당신의 번호를 갖고있고, 다른 사람들은 그들의 번호를 갖고있기 때문에, 아무도 당신의 버거 🍔 를 훔쳐가지 않는다는 사실을 알기 때문입니다. + +그래서 당신은 짝사랑 상대 😍 가 이야기를 끝낼 때까지 기다린 후 (현재 작업 완료 ⏯ / 진행 중인 작업 처리 🤓 ), 정중하게 미소짓고 버거를 가지러 가겠다고 말합니다 ⏸. + +그다음 당신은 카운터에 가서 🔀 , 초기 작업을 이제 완료하고 ⏯ , 버거 🍔 를 받고, 감사하다고 말하고 테이블로 가져옵니다. 이로써 카운터와의 상호작용 단계 / 작업이 종료됩니다 ⏹. + +이전 작업인 "버거 받기"가 종료되면 ⏹ "버거 먹기"라는 새로운 작업이 생성됩니다 🔀 ⏯. + +### 병렬 버거 + +이제 "동시 버거"가 아닌 "병렬 버거"를 상상해보십시오. + +당신은 짝사랑 상대 😍 와 함께 병렬 패스트푸드 🍔 를 먹으러 갔습니다. + +당신은 여러명(8명이라고 가정합니다)의 점원이 당신 앞 사람들의 주문을 받으며 동시에 요리 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳 도 하는 동안 줄을 서서 기다립니다. + +당신 앞 모든 사람들이 버거가 준비될 때까지 카운터에서 떠나지 않고 기다립니다 🕙 . 왜냐하면 8명의 직원들이 다음 주문을 받기 전에 버거를 준비하러 가기 때문입니다. + +마침내 당신의 차례가 왔고, 당신은 당신과 짝사랑 상대 😍 를 위한 두 개의 고급스러운 버거 🍔 를 주문합니다. + +당신이 비용을 지불합니다 💸 . + +점원이 주방에 갑니다 👨‍🍳 . + +당신은 번호표가 없기 때문에 누구도 당신의 버거 🍔 를 대신 가져갈 수 없도록 카운터에 서서 기다립니다 🕙 . + +당신과 짝사랑 상대 😍 는 다른 사람이 새치기해서 버거를 가져가지 못하게 하느라 바쁘기 때문에 🕙 , 짝사랑 상대에게 주의를 기울일 수 없습니다 😞 . + +이것은 "동기" 작업이고, 당신은 점원/요리사 👨‍🍳 와 "동기화" 되었습니다. 당신은 기다리고 🕙 , 점원/요리사 👨‍🍳 가 버거 🍔 준비를 완료한 후 당신에게 주거나, 누군가가 그것을 가져가는 그 순간에 그 곳에 있어야합니다. + +카운터 앞에서 오랫동안 기다린 후에 🕙 , 점원/요리사 👨‍🍳 가 당신의 버거 🍔 를 가지고 돌아옵니다. + +당신은 버거를 받고 짝사랑 상대와 함께 테이블로 돌아옵니다. + +단지 먹기만 하다가, 다 먹었습니다 🍔 ⏹. + +카운터 앞에서 기다리면서 🕙 너무 많은 시간을 허비했기 때문에 대화를 하거나 작업을 걸 시간이 거의 없었습니다 😞 . + +--- + +이 병렬 버거 시나리오에서, 당신은 기다리고 🕙 , 오랜 시간동안 "카운터에서 기다리는" 🕙 데에 주의를 기울이는 ⏯ 두 개의 프로세서(당신과 짝사랑 상대😍)를 가진 컴퓨터 / 프로그램 🤖 입니다. + +패스트푸드점에는 8개의 프로세서(점원/요리사) 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳 가 있습니다. 동시 버거는 단 두 개(한 명의 직원과 한 명의 요리사) 💁 👨‍🍳 만을 가지고 있었습니다. + +하지만 여전히, 병렬 버거 예시가 최선은 아닙니다 😞 . + +--- + +이 예시는 버거🍔 이야기와 결이 같습니다. + +더 "현실적인" 예시로, 은행을 상상해보십시오. + +최근까지, 대다수의 은행에는 다수의 은행원들 👨‍💼👨‍💼👨‍💼👨‍💼 과 긴 줄 🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙 이 있습니다. + +모든 은행원들은 한 명 한 명의 고객들을 차례로 상대합니다 👨‍💼⏯ . + +그리고 당신은 오랫동안 줄에서 기다려야하고 🕙 , 그렇지 않으면 당신의 차례를 잃게 됩니다. + +아마 당신은 은행 🏦 심부름에 짝사랑 상대 😍 를 데려가고 싶지는 않을 것입니다. + +### 버거 예시의 결론 + +"짝사랑 상대와의 패스트푸드점 버거" 시나리오에서, 오랜 기다림 🕙 이 있기 때문에 동시 시스템 ⏸🔀⏯ 을 사용하는 것이 더 합리적입니다. + +대다수의 웹 응용프로그램의 경우가 그러합니다. + +매우 많은 수의 유저가 있지만, 서버는 그들의 요청을 전송하기 위해 그닥-좋지-않은 연결을 기다려야 합니다 🕙 . + +그리고 응답이 돌아올 때까지 다시 기다려야 합니다 🕙 . + +이 "기다림" 🕙 은 마이크로초 단위이지만, 모두 더해지면, 결국에는 매우 긴 대기시간이 됩니다. + +따라서 웹 API를 위해 비동기 ⏸🔀⏯ 코드를 사용하는 것이 합리적입니다. + +대부분의 존재하는 유명한 파이썬 프레임워크 (Flask와 Django 등)은 새로운 비동기 기능들이 파이썬에 존재하기 전에 만들어졌습니다. 그래서, 그들의 배포 방식은 병렬 실행과 새로운 기능만큼 강력하지는 않은 예전 버전의 비동기 실행을 지원합니다. + +비동기 웹 파이썬(ASGI)에 대한 주요 명세가 웹소켓을 지원하기 위해 Django에서 개발 되었음에도 그렇습니다. + +이러한 종류의 비동기성은 (NodeJS는 병렬적이지 않음에도) NodeJS가 사랑받는 이유이고, 프로그래밍 언어로서의 Go의 강점입니다. + +그리고 **FastAPI**를 사용함으로써 동일한 성능을 낼 수 있습니다. + +또한 병렬성과 비동기성을 동시에 사용할 수 있기 때문에, 대부분의 테스트가 완료된 NodeJS 프레임워크보다 더 높은 성능을 얻고 C에 더 가까운 컴파일 언어인 Go와 동등한 성능을 얻을 수 있습니다(모두 Starlette 덕분입니다). + +### 동시성이 병렬성보다 더 나은가? + +그렇지 않습니다! 그것이 이야기의 교훈은 아닙니다. + +동시성은 병렬성과 다릅니다. 그리고 그것은 많은 대기를 필요로하는 **특정한** 시나리오에서는 더 낫습니다. 이로 인해, 웹 응용프로그램 개발에서 동시성이 병렬성보다 일반적으로 훨씬 낫습니다. 하지만 모든 경우에 그런 것은 아닙니다. + +따라서, 균형을 맞추기 위해, 다음의 짧은 이야기를 상상해보십시오: + +> 당신은 크고, 더러운 집을 청소해야합니다. + +*네, 이게 전부입니다*. + +--- + +어디에도 대기 🕙 는 없고, 집안 곳곳에서 해야하는 많은 작업들만 있습니다. + +버거 예시처럼 처음에는 거실, 그 다음은 부엌과 같은 식으로 순서를 정할 수도 있으나, 무엇도 기다리지 🕙 않고 계속해서 청소 작업만 수행하기 때문에, 순서는 아무런 영향을 미치지 않습니다. + +순서가 있든 없든 동일한 시간이 소요될 것이고(동시성) 동일한 양의 작업을 하게 될 것입니다. + +하지만 이 경우에서, 8명의 전(前)-점원/요리사이면서-현(現)-청소부 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳 를 고용할 수 있고, 그들 각자(그리고 당신)가 집의 한 부분씩 맡아 청소를 한다면, 당신은 **병렬적**으로 작업을 수행할 수 있고, 조금의 도움이 있다면, 훨씬 더 빨리 끝낼 수 있습니다. + +이 시나리오에서, (당신을 포함한) 각각의 청소부들은 프로세서가 될 것이고, 각자의 역할을 수행합니다. + +실행 시간의 대부분이 대기가 아닌 실제 작업에 소요되고, 컴퓨터에서 작업은 CPU에서 이루어지므로, 이러한 문제를 "CPU에 묶였"다고 합니다. + +--- + +CPU에 묶인 연산에 관한 흔한 예시는 복잡한 수학 처리를 필요로 하는 경우입니다. + +예를 들어: + +* **오디오** 또는 **이미지** 처리. +* **컴퓨터 비전**: 하나의 이미지는 수백개의 픽셀로 구성되어있고, 각 픽셀은 3개의 값 / 색을 갖고 있으며, 일반적으로 해당 픽셀들에 대해 동시에 무언가를 계산해야하는 처리. +* **머신러닝**: 일반적으로 많은 "행렬"과 "벡터" 곱셈이 필요합니다. 거대한 스프레드 시트에 수들이 있고 그 수들을 동시에 곱해야 한다고 생각해보십시오. +* **딥러닝**: 머신러닝의 하위영역으로, 동일한 예시가 적용됩니다. 단지 이 경우에는 하나의 스프레드 시트에 곱해야할 수들이 있는 것이 아니라, 거대한 세트의 스프레드 시트들이 있고, 많은 경우에, 이 모델들을 만들고 사용하기 위해 특수한 프로세서를 사용합니다. + +### 동시성 + 병렬성: 웹 + 머신러닝 + +**FastAPI**를 사용하면 웹 개발에서는 매우 흔한 동시성의 이점을 (NodeJS의 주된 매력만큼) 얻을 수 있습니다. + +뿐만 아니라 머신러닝 시스템과 같이 **CPU에 묶인** 작업을 위해 병렬성과 멀티프로세싱(다수의 프로세스를 병렬적으로 동작시키는 것)을 이용하는 것도 가능합니다. + +파이썬이 **데이터 사이언스**, 머신러닝과 특히 딥러닝에 의 주된 언어라는 간단한 사실에 더해서, 이것은 FastAPI를 데이터 사이언스 / 머신러닝 웹 API와 응용프로그램에 (다른 것들보다) 좋은 선택지가 되게 합니다. + +배포시 병렬을 어떻게 가능하게 하는지 알고싶다면, [배포](/ko/deployment){.internal-link target=_blank}문서를 참고하십시오. + +## `async`와 `await` + +최신 파이썬 버전에는 비동기 코드를 정의하는 매우 직관적인 방법이 있습니다. 이는 이것을 평범한 "순차적" 코드로 보이게 하고, 적절한 순간에 당신을 위해 "대기"합니다. + +연산이 결과를 전달하기 전에 대기를 해야하고 새로운 파이썬 기능들을 지원한다면, 이렇게 코드를 작성할 수 있습니다: + +```Python +burgers = await get_burgers(2) +``` + +여기서 핵심은 `await`입니다. 이것은 파이썬에게 `burgers` 결과를 저장하기 이전에 `get_burgers(2)`의 작업이 완료되기를 🕙 기다리라고 ⏸ 말합니다. 이로 인해, 파이썬은 그동안 (다른 요청을 받는 것과 같은) 다른 작업을 수행해도 된다는 것을 🔀 ⏯ 알게될 것입니다. + +`await`가 동작하기 위해, 이것은 비동기를 지원하는 함수 내부에 있어야 합니다. 이를 위해서 함수를 `async def`를 사용해 정의하기만 하면 됩니다: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +async def get_burgers(number: int): + # Do some asynchronous stuff to create the burgers + return burgers +``` + +...`def`를 사용하는 대신: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +# This is not asynchronous +def get_sequential_burgers(number: int): + # Do some sequential stuff to create the burgers + return burgers +``` + +`async def`를 사용하면, 파이썬은 해당 함수 내에서 `await` 표현에 주의해야한다는 사실과, 해당 함수의 실행을 "일시정지"⏸하고 다시 돌아오기 전까지 다른 작업을 수행🔀할 수 있다는 것을 알게됩니다. + +`async def`f 함수를 호출하고자 할 때, "대기"해야합니다. 따라서, 아래는 동작하지 않습니다. + +```Python +# This won't work, because get_burgers was defined with: async def +burgers = get_burgers(2) +``` + +--- + +따라서, `await`f를 사용해서 호출할 수 있는 라이브러리를 사용한다면, 다음과 같이 `async def`를 사용하는 *경로 작동 함수*를 생성해야 합니다: + +```Python hl_lines="2-3" +@app.get('/burgers') +async def read_burgers(): + burgers = await get_burgers(2) + return burgers +``` + +### 더 세부적인 기술적 사항 + +`await`가 `async def`를 사용하는 함수 내부에서만 사용이 가능하다는 것을 눈치채셨을 것입니다. + +하지만 동시에, `async def`로 정의된 함수들은 "대기"되어야만 합니다. 따라서, `async def`를 사용한 함수들은 역시 `async def`를 사용한 함수 내부에서만 호출될 수 있습니다. + +그렇다면 닭이 먼저냐, 달걀이 먼저냐, 첫 `async` 함수를 어떻게 호출할 수 있겠습니까? + +**FastAPI**를 사용해 작업한다면 이것을 걱정하지 않아도 됩니다. 왜냐하면 그 "첫" 함수는 당신의 *경로 작동 함수*가 될 것이고, FastAPI는 어떻게 올바르게 처리할지 알고있기 때문입니다. + +하지만 FastAPI를 사용하지 않고 `async` / `await`를 사용하고 싶다면, 이 역시 가능합니다. + +### 당신만의 비동기 코드 작성하기 + +Starlette(그리고 FastAPI)는 AnyIO를 기반으로 하고있고, 따라서 파이썬 표준 라이브러리인 asyncio 및 Trio와 호환됩니다. + +특히, 코드에서 고급 패턴이 필요한 고급 동시성을 사용하는 경우 직접적으로 AnyIO를 사용할 수 있습니다. + +FastAPI를 사용하지 않더라도, 높은 호환성 및 AnyIO의 이점(예: *구조화된 동시성*)을 취하기 위해 AnyIO를 사용해 비동기 응용프로그램을 작성할 수 있습니다. + +### 비동기 코드의 다른 형태 + +파이썬에서 `async`와 `await`를 사용하게 된 것은 비교적 최근의 일입니다. + +하지만 이로 인해 비동기 코드 작업이 훨씬 간단해졌습니다. + +같은 (또는 거의 유사한) 문법은 최신 버전의 자바스크립트(브라우저와 NodeJS)에도 추가되었습니다. + +하지만 그 이전에, 비동기 코드를 처리하는 것은 꽤 복잡하고 어려운 일이었습니다. + +파이썬의 예전 버전이라면, 스레드 또는 Gevent를 사용할 수 있을 것입니다. 하지만 코드를 이해하고, 디버깅하고, 이에 대해 생각하는게 훨씬 복잡합니다. + +예전 버전의 NodeJS / 브라우저 자바스크립트라면, "콜백 함수"를 사용했을 것입니다. 그리고 이로 인해 콜백 지옥에 빠지게 될 수 있습니다. + +## 코루틴 + +**코루틴**은 `async def` 함수가 반환하는 것을 칭하는 매우 고급스러운 용어일 뿐입니다. 파이썬은 그것이 시작되고 어느 시점에서 완료되지만 내부에 `await`가 있을 때마다 내부적으로 일시정지⏸될 수도 있는 함수와 유사한 것이라는 사실을 알고있습니다. + +그러나 `async` 및 `await`와 함께 비동기 코드를 사용하는 이 모든 기능들은 "코루틴"으로 간단히 요약됩니다. 이것은 Go의 주된 핵심 기능인 "고루틴"에 견줄 수 있습니다. + +## 결론 + +상기 문장을 다시 한 번 봅시다: + +> 최신 파이썬 버전은 **`async` 및 `await`** 문법과 함께 **“코루틴”**이라고 하는 것을 사용하는 **“비동기 코드”**를 지원합니다. + +이제 이 말을 조금 더 이해할 수 있을 것입니다. ✨ + +이것이 (Starlette을 통해) FastAPI를 강하게 하면서 그것이 인상적인 성능을 낼 수 있게 합니다. + +## 매우 세부적인 기술적 사항 + +!!! warning "경고" + 이 부분은 넘어가도 됩니다. + + 이것들은 **FastAPI**가 내부적으로 어떻게 동작하는지에 대한 매우 세부적인 기술사항입니다. + + 만약 기술적 지식(코루틴, 스레드, 블록킹 등)이 있고 FastAPI가 어떻게 `async def` vs `def`를 다루는지 궁금하다면, 계속하십시오. + +### 경로 작동 함수 + +경로 작동 함수를 `async def` 대신 일반적인 `def`로 선언하는 경우, (서버를 차단하는 것처럼) 그것을 직접 호출하는 대신 대기중인 외부 스레드풀에서 실행됩니다. + +만약 상기에 묘사된대로 동작하지 않는 비동기 프로그램을 사용해왔고 약간의 성능 향상 (약 100 나노초)을 위해 `def`를 사용해서 계산만을 위한 사소한 *경로 작동 함수*를 정의해왔다면, **FastAPI**는 이와는 반대라는 것에 주의하십시오. 이러한 경우에, *경로 작동 함수*가 블로킹 I/O를 수행하는 코드를 사용하지 않는 한 `async def`를 사용하는 편이 더 낫습니다. + +하지만 두 경우 모두, FastAPI가 당신이 전에 사용하던 프레임워크보다 [더 빠를](/#performance){.internal-link target=_blank} (최소한 비견될) 확률이 높습니다. + +### 의존성 + +의존성에도 동일하게 적용됩니다. 의존성이 `async def`가 아닌 표준 `def` 함수라면, 외부 스레드풀에서 실행됩니다. + +### 하위-의존성 + +함수 정의시 매개변수로 서로를 필요로하는 다수의 의존성과 하위-의존성을 가질 수 있고, 그 중 일부는 `async def`로, 다른 일부는 일반적인 `def`로 생성되었을 수 있습니다. 이것은 여전히 잘 동작하고, 일반적인 `def`로 생성된 것들은 "대기"되는 대신에 (스레드풀로부터) 외부 스레드에서 호출됩니다. + +### 다른 유틸리티 함수 + +직접 호출되는 다른 모든 유틸리티 함수는 일반적인 `def`나 `async def`로 생성될 수 있고 FastAPI는 이를 호출하는 방식에 영향을 미치지 않습니다. + +이것은 FastAPI가 당신을 위해 호출하는 함수와는 반대입니다: *경로 작동 함수*와 의존성 + +만약 당신의 유틸리티 함수가 `def`를 사용한 일반적인 함수라면, 스레드풀에서가 아니라 직접 호출(당신이 코드에 작성한 대로)될 것이고, `async def`로 생성된 함수라면 코드에서 호출할 때 그 함수를 `await` 해야 합니다. + +--- + +다시 말하지만, 이것은 당신이 이것에 대해 찾고있던 경우에 한해 유용할 매우 세부적인 기술사항입니다. + +그렇지 않은 경우, 상기의 가이드라인만으로도 충분할 것입니다: [바쁘신 경우](#in-a-hurry). diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/deployment/cloud.md b/docs/ko/docs/deployment/cloud.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2d6938e20 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/deployment/cloud.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# FastAPI를 클라우드 제공업체에서 배포하기 + +사실상 거의 **모든 클라우드 제공업체**를 사용하여 여러분의 FastAPI 애플리케이션을 배포할 수 있습니다. + +대부분의 경우, 주요 클라우드 제공업체에서는 FastAPI를 배포할 수 있도록 가이드를 제공합니다. + +## 클라우드 제공업체 - 후원자들 + +몇몇 클라우드 제공업체들은 [**FastAPI를 후원하며**](../help-fastapi.md#sponsor-the-author){.internal-link target=_blank} ✨, 이를 통해 FastAPI와 FastAPI **생태계**가 지속적이고 건전한 **발전**을 할 수 있습니다. + +이는 FastAPI와 **커뮤니티** (여러분)에 대한 진정한 헌신을 보여줍니다. 그들은 여러분에게 **좋은 서비스**를 제공할 뿐 만이 아니라 여러분이 **훌륭하고 건강한 프레임워크인** FastAPI 를 사용하길 원하기 때문입니다. 🙇 + +아래와 같은 서비스를 사용해보고 각 서비스의 가이드를 따를 수도 있습니다: + +* Platform.sh +* Porter diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/deployment/docker.md b/docs/ko/docs/deployment/docker.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..587b445fc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/deployment/docker.md @@ -0,0 +1,698 @@ +# 컨테이너의 FastAPI - 도커 + +FastAPI 어플리케이션을 배포할 때 일반적인 접근 방법은 **리눅스 컨테이너 이미지**를 생성하는 것입니다. 이 방법은 주로 **도커**를 사용해 이루어집니다. 그런 다음 해당 컨테이너 이미지를 몇가지 방법으로 배포할 수 있습니다. + +리눅스 컨테이너를 사용하는 데에는 **보안**, **반복 가능성**, **단순함** 등의 장점이 있습니다. + +!!! 팁 + 시간에 쫓기고 있고 이미 이런것들을 알고 있다면 [`Dockerfile`👇](#build-a-docker-image-for-fastapi)로 점프할 수 있습니다. + +
+도커파일 미리보기 👀 + +```Dockerfile +FROM python:3.9 + +WORKDIR /code + +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +COPY ./app /code/app + +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] + +# If running behind a proxy like Nginx or Traefik add --proxy-headers +# CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80", "--proxy-headers"] +``` + +
+ +## 컨테이너란 + +컨테이너(주로 리눅스 컨테이너)는 어플리케이션의 의존성과 필요한 파일들을 모두 패키징하는 매우 **가벼운** 방법입니다. 컨테이너는 같은 시스템에 있는 다른 컨테이너(다른 어플리케이션이나 요소들)와 독립적으로 유지됩니다. + +리눅스 컨테이너는 호스트(머신, 가상 머신, 클라우드 서버 등)와 같은 리눅스 커널을 사용해 실행됩니다. 이말은 리눅스 컨테이너가 (전체 운영체제를 모방하는 다른 가상 머신과 비교했을 때) 매우 가볍다는 것을 의미합니다. + +이 방법을 통해, 컨테이너는 직접 프로세스를 실행하는 것과 비슷한 정도의 **적은 자원**을 소비합니다 (가상 머신은 훨씬 많은 자원을 소비할 것입니다). + +컨테이너는 또한 그들만의 **독립된** 실행 프로세스 (일반적으로 하나의 프로세스로 충분합니다), 파일 시스템, 그리고 네트워크를 가지므로 배포, 보안, 개발 및 기타 과정을 단순화 합니다. + +## 컨테이너 이미지란 + +**컨테이너**는 **컨테이너 이미지**를 실행한 것 입니다. + +컨테이너 이미지란 컨테이너에 필요한 모든 파일, 환경 변수 그리고 디폴트 명령/프로그램의 **정적** 버전입니다. 여기서 **정적**이란 말은 컨테이너 **이미지**가 작동되거나 실행되지 않으며, 단지 패키지 파일과 메타 데이터라는 것을 의미합니다. + +저장된 정적 컨텐츠인 **컨테이너 이미지**와 대조되게, **컨테이너**란 보통 실행될 수 있는 작동 인스턴스를 의미합니다. + +**컨테이너**가 (**컨테이너 이미지**로 부터) 시작되고 실행되면, 컨테이너는 파일이나 환경 변수를 생성하거나 변경할 수 있습니다. 이러한 변화는 오직 컨테이너에서만 존재하며, 그 기반이 되는 컨테이너 이미지에는 지속되지 않습니다 (즉 디스크에는 저장되지 않습니다). + +컨테이너 이미지는 **프로그램** 파일과 컨텐츠, 즉 `python`과 어떤 파일 `main.py`에 비교할 수 있습니다. + +그리고 (**컨테이너 이미지**와 대비해서) **컨테이너**는 이미지의 실제 실행 인스턴스로 **프로세스**에 비교할 수 있습니다. 사실, 컨테이너는 **프로세스 러닝**이 있을 때만 실행됩니다 (그리고 보통 하나의 프로세스 입니다). 컨테이너는 내부에서 실행되는 프로세스가 없으면 종료됩니다. + +## 컨테이너 이미지 + +도커는 **컨테이너 이미지**와 **컨테이너**를 생성하고 관리하는데 주요 도구 중 하나가 되어왔습니다. + +그리고 도커 허브에 다양한 도구, 환경, 데이터베이스, 그리고 어플리케이션에 대해 미리 만들어진 **공식 컨테이너 이미지**가 공개되어 있습니다. + +예를 들어, 공식 파이썬 이미지가 있습니다. + +또한 다른 대상, 예를 들면 데이터베이스를 위한 이미지들도 있습니다: + +* PostgreSQL +* MySQL +* MongoDB +* Redis 등 + +미리 만들어진 컨테이너 이미지를 사용하면 서로 다른 도구들을 **결합**하기 쉽습니다. 대부분의 경우에, **공식 이미지들**을 사용하고 환경 변수를 통해 설정할 수 있습니다. + +이런 방법으로 대부분의 경우에 컨테이너와 도커에 대해 배울 수 있으며 다양한 도구와 요소들에 대한 지식을 재사용할 수 있습니다. + +따라서, 서로 다른 **다중 컨테이너**를 생성한 다음 이들을 연결할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어 데이터베이스, 파이썬 어플리케이션, 리액트 프론트엔드 어플리케이션을 사용하는 웹 서버에 대한 컨테이너를 만들어 이들의 내부 네트워크로 각 컨테이너를 연결할 수 있습니다. + +모든 컨테이너 관리 시스템(도커나 쿠버네티스)은 이러한 네트워킹 특성을 포함하고 있습니다. + +## 컨테이너와 프로세스 + +**컨테이너 이미지**는 보통 **컨테이너**를 시작하기 위해 필요한 메타데이터와 디폴트 커맨드/프로그램과 그 프로그램에 전달하기 위한 파라미터들을 포함합니다. 이는 커맨드 라인에서 프로그램을 실행할 때 필요한 값들과 유사합니다. + +**컨테이너**가 시작되면, 해당 커맨드/프로그램이 실행됩니다 (그러나 다른 커맨드/프로그램을 실행하도록 오버라이드 할 수 있습니다). + +컨테이너는 **메인 프로세스**(커맨드 또는 프로그램)이 실행되는 동안 실행됩니다. + +컨테이너는 일반적으로 **단일 프로세스**를 가지고 있지만, 메인 프로세스의 서브 프로세스를 시작하는 것도 가능하며, 이 방법으로 하나의 컨테이너에 **다중 프로세스**를 가질 수 있습니다. + +그러나 **최소한 하나의 실행중인 프로세스**를 가지지 않고서는 실행중인 컨테이너를 가질 수 없습니다. 만약 메인 프로세스가 중단되면, 컨테이너도 중단됩니다. + +## FastAPI를 위한 도커 이미지 빌드하기 + +이제 무언가를 만들어 봅시다! 🚀 + +**공식 파이썬** 이미지에 기반하여, FastAPI를 위한 **도커 이미지**를 **맨 처음부터** 생성하는 방법을 보이겠습니다. + +**대부분의 경우**에 다음과 같은 것들을 하게 됩니다. 예를 들면: + +* **쿠버네티스** 또는 유사한 도구 사용하기 +* **라즈베리 파이**로 실행하기 +* 컨테이너 이미지를 실행할 클라우드 서비스 사용하기 등 + +### 요구 패키지 + +일반적으로는 어플리케이션의 특정 파일을 위한 **패키지 요구 조건**이 있을 것입니다. + +그 요구 조건을 **설치**하는 방법은 여러분이 사용하는 도구에 따라 다를 것입니다. + +가장 일반적인 방법은 패키지 이름과 버전이 줄 별로 기록된 `requirements.txt` 파일을 만드는 것입니다. + +버전의 범위를 설정하기 위해서는 [FastAPI 버전들에 대하여](./versions.md){.internal-link target=_blank}에 쓰여진 것과 같은 아이디어를 사용합니다. + +예를 들어, `requirements.txt` 파일은 다음과 같을 수 있습니다: + +``` +fastapi>=0.68.0,<0.69.0 +pydantic>=1.8.0,<2.0.0 +uvicorn>=0.15.0,<0.16.0 +``` + +그리고 일반적으로 패키지 종속성은 `pip`로 설치합니다. 예를 들어: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install -r requirements.txt +---> 100% +Successfully installed fastapi pydantic uvicorn +``` + +
+ +!!! 정보 + 패키지 종속성을 정의하고 설치하기 위한 방법과 도구는 다양합니다. + + 나중에 아래 세션에서 Poetry를 사용한 예시를 보이겠습니다. 👇 + +### **FastAPI** 코드 생성하기 + +* `app` 디렉터리를 생성하고 이동합니다. +* 빈 파일 `__init__.py`을 생성합니다. +* 다음과 같은 `main.py`을 생성합니다: + +```Python +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +### 도커파일 + +이제 같은 프로젝트 디렉터리에 다음과 같은 파일 `Dockerfile`을 생성합니다: + +```{ .dockerfile .annotate } +# (1) +FROM python:3.9 + +# (2) +WORKDIR /code + +# (3) +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +# (4) +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +# (5) +COPY ./app /code/app + +# (6) +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +1. 공식 파이썬 베이스 이미지에서 시작합니다. + +2. 현재 워킹 디렉터리를 `/code`로 설정합니다. + + 여기에 `requirements.txt` 파일과 `app` 디렉터리를 위치시킬 것입니다. + +3. 요구 조건과 파일을 `/code` 디렉터리로 복사합니다. + + 처음에는 **오직** 요구 조건이 필요한 파일만 복사하고, 이외의 코드는 그대로 둡니다. + + 이 파일이 **자주 바뀌지 않기 때문에**, 도커는 파일을 탐지하여 이 단계의 **캐시**를 사용하여 다음 단계에서도 캐시를 사용할 수 있도록 합니다. + +4. 요구 조건 파일에 있는 패키지 종속성을 설치합니다. + + `--no-cache-dir` 옵션은 `pip`에게 다운로드한 패키지들을 로컬 환경에 저장하지 않도록 전달합니다. 이는 마치 같은 패키지를 설치하기 위해 오직 `pip`만 다시 실행하면 될 것 같지만, 컨테이너로 작업하는 경우 그렇지는 않습니다. + + !!! 노트 + `--no-cache-dir` 는 오직 `pip`와 관련되어 있으며, 도커나 컨테이너와는 무관합니다. + + `--upgrade` 옵션은 `pip`에게 설치된 패키지들을 업데이트하도록 합니다. + + 이전 단계에서 파일을 복사한 것이 **도커 캐시**에 의해 탐지되기 때문에, 이 단계에서도 가능한 한 **도커 캐시**를 사용하게 됩니다. + + 이 단계에서 캐시를 사용하면 **매번** 모든 종속성을 다운로드 받고 설치할 필요가 없어, 개발 과정에서 이미지를 지속적으로 생성하는 데에 드는 **시간**을 많이 **절약**할 수 있습니다. + +5. `/code` 디렉터리에 `./app` 디렉터리를 복사합니다. + + **자주 변경되는** 모든 코드를 포함하고 있기 때문에, 도커 **캐시**는 이 단계나 **이후의 단계에서** 잘 사용되지 않습니다. + + 그러므로 컨테이너 이미지 빌드 시간을 최적화하기 위해 `Dockerfile`의 **거의 끝 부분**에 입력하는 것이 중요합니다. + +6. `uvicorn` 서버를 실행하기 위해 **커맨드**를 설정합니다. + + `CMD`는 문자열 리스트를 입력받고, 각 문자열은 커맨드 라인의 각 줄에 입력할 문자열입니다. + + 이 커맨드는 **현재 워킹 디렉터리**에서 실행되며, 이는 위에서 `WORKDIR /code`로 설정한 `/code` 디렉터리와 같습니다. + + 프로그램이 `/code`에서 시작하고 그 속에 `./app` 디렉터리가 여러분의 코드와 함께 들어있기 때문에, **Uvicorn**은 이를 보고 `app`을 `app.main`으로부터 **불러 올** 것입니다. + +!!! 팁 + 각 코드 라인을 코드의 숫자 버블을 클릭하여 리뷰할 수 있습니다. 👆 + +이제 여러분은 다음과 같은 디렉터리 구조를 가지고 있을 것입니다: + +``` +. +├── app +│   ├── __init__.py +│ └── main.py +├── Dockerfile +└── requirements.txt +``` + +#### TLS 종료 프록시의 배후 + +만약 여러분이 컨테이너를 Nginx 또는 Traefik과 같은 TLS 종료 프록시 (로드 밸런서) 뒤에서 실행하고 있다면, `--proxy-headers` 옵션을 더하는 것이 좋습니다. 이 옵션은 Uvicorn에게 어플리케이션이 HTTPS 등의 뒤에서 실행되고 있으므로 프록시에서 전송된 헤더를 신뢰할 수 있다고 알립니다. + +```Dockerfile +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--proxy-headers", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +#### 도커 캐시 + +이 `Dockerfile`에는 중요한 트릭이 있는데, 처음에는 **의존성이 있는 파일만** 복사하고, 나머지 코드는 그대로 둡니다. 왜 이런 방법을 써야하는지 설명하겠습니다. + +```Dockerfile +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt +``` + +도커와 다른 도구들은 컨테이너 이미지를 **증가하는 방식으로 빌드**합니다. `Dockerfile`의 맨 윗 부분부터 시작해, 레이어 위에 새로운 레이어를 더하는 방식으로, `Dockerfile`의 각 지시 사항으로 부터 생성된 어떤 파일이든 더해갑니다. + +도커 그리고 이와 유사한 도구들은 이미지 생성 시에 **내부 캐시**를 사용합니다. 만약 어떤 파일이 마지막으로 컨테이너 이미지를 빌드한 때로부터 바뀌지 않았다면, 파일을 다시 복사하여 새로운 레이어를 처음부터 생성하는 것이 아니라, 마지막에 생성했던 **같은 레이어를 재사용**합니다. + +단지 파일 복사를 지양하는 것으로 효율이 많이 향상되는 것은 아니지만, 그 단계에서 캐시를 사용했기 때문에, **다음 단계에서도 마찬가지로 캐시를 사용**할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, 다음과 같은 의존성을 설치하는 지시 사항을 위한 캐시를 사용할 수 있습니다: + +```Dockerfile +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt +``` + +패키지를 포함하는 파일은 **자주 변경되지 않습니다**. 따라서 해당 파일만 복사하므로서, 도커는 그 단계의 **캐시를 사용**할 수 있습니다. + +그 다음으로, 도커는 **다음 단계에서** 의존성을 다운로드하고 설치하는 **캐시를 사용**할 수 있게 됩니다. 바로 이 과정에서 우리는 **많은 시간을 절약**하게 됩니다. ✨ ...그리고 기다리는 지루함도 피할 수 있습니다. 😪😆 + +패키지 의존성을 다운로드 받고 설치하는 데이는 **수 분이 걸릴 수 있지만**, **캐시**를 사용하면 최대 **수 초만에** 끝낼 수 있습니다. + +또한 여러분이 개발 과정에서 코드의 변경 사항이 반영되었는지 확인하기 위해 컨테이너 이미지를 계속해서 빌드하면, 절약된 시간은 축적되어 더욱 커질 것입니다. + +그리고 나서 `Dockerfile`의 거의 끝 부분에서, 모든 코드를 복사합니다. 이것이 **가장 빈번하게 변경**되는 부분이며, 대부분의 경우에 이 다음 단계에서는 캐시를 사용할 수 없기 때문에 가장 마지막에 둡니다. + +```Dockerfile +COPY ./app /code/app +``` + +### 도커 이미지 생성하기 + +이제 모든 파일이 제자리에 있으니, 컨테이너 이미지를 빌드합니다. + +* (여러분의 `Dockerfile`과 `app` 디렉터리가 위치한) 프로젝트 디렉터리로 이동합니다. +* FastAPI 이미지를 빌드합니다: + +
+ +```console +$ docker build -t myimage . + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +!!! 팁 + 맨 끝에 있는 `.` 에 주목합시다. 이는 `./`와 동등하며, 도커에게 컨테이너 이미지를 빌드하기 위한 디렉터리를 알려줍니다. + + 이 경우에는 현재 디렉터리(`.`)와 같습니다. + +### 도커 컨테이너 시작하기 + +* 여러분의 이미지에 기반하여 컨테이너를 실행합니다: + +
+ +```console +$ docker run -d --name mycontainer -p 80:80 myimage +``` + +
+ +## 체크하기 + +여러분의 도커 컨테이너 URL에서 실행 사항을 체크할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어: http://192.168.99.100/items/5?q=somequery 또는 http://127.0.0.1/items/5?q=somequery (또는 동일하게, 여러분의 도커 호스트를 이용해서 체크할 수도 있습니다). + +아래와 비슷한 것을 보게 될 것입니다: + +```JSON +{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} +``` + +## 인터랙티브 API 문서 + +이제 여러분은 http://192.168.99.100/docs 또는 http://127.0.0.1/docs로 이동할 수 있습니다(또는, 여러분의 도커 호스트를 이용할 수 있습니다). + +여러분은 자동으로 생성된 인터랙티브 API(Swagger UI에서 제공된)를 볼 수 있습니다: + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +## 대안 API 문서 + +또한 여러분은 http://192.168.99.100/redoc 또는 http://127.0.0.1/redoc으로 이동할 수 있습니다(또는, 여러분의 도커 호스트를 이용할 수 있습니다). + +여러분은 자동으로 생성된 대안 문서(ReDoc에서 제공된)를 볼 수 있습니다: + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +## 단일 파일 FastAPI로 도커 이미지 생성하기 + +만약 여러분의 FastAPI가 하나의 파일이라면, 예를 들어 `./app` 디렉터리 없이 `main.py` 파일만으로 이루어져 있다면, 파일 구조는 다음과 유사할 것입니다: + +``` +. +├── Dockerfile +├── main.py +└── requirements.txt +``` + +그러면 여러분들은 `Dockerfile` 내에 있는 파일을 복사하기 위해 그저 상응하는 경로를 바꾸기만 하면 됩니다: + +```{ .dockerfile .annotate hl_lines="10 13" } +FROM python:3.9 + +WORKDIR /code + +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +# (1) +COPY ./main.py /code/ + +# (2) +CMD ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +1. `main.py` 파일을 `/code` 디렉터리로 곧바로 복사합니다(`./app` 디렉터리는 고려하지 않습니다). + +2. Uvicorn을 실행해 `app` 객체를 (`app.main` 대신) `main`으로 부터 불러오도록 합니다. + +그 다음 Uvicorn 커맨드를 조정해서 FastAPI 객체를 불러오는데 `app.main` 대신에 새로운 모듈 `main`을 사용하도록 합니다. + +## 배포 개념 + +이제 컨테이너의 측면에서 [배포 개념](./concepts.md){.internal-link target=_blank}에서 다루었던 것과 같은 배포 개념에 대해 이야기해 보겠습니다. + +컨테이너는 주로 어플리케이션을 빌드하고 배포하기 위한 과정을 단순화하는 도구이지만, **배포 개념**에 대한 특정한 접근법을 강요하지 않기 때문에 가능한 배포 전략에는 여러가지가 있습니다. + +**좋은 소식**은 서로 다른 전략들을 포괄하는 배포 개념이 있다는 점입니다. 🎉 + +컨테이너 측면에서 **배포 개념**을 리뷰해 보겠습니다: + +* HTTPS +* 구동하기 +* 재시작 +* 복제 (실행 중인 프로세스 개수) +* 메모리 +* 시작하기 전 단계들 + +## HTTPS + +만약 우리가 FastAPI 어플리케이션을 위한 **컨테이너 이미지**에만 집중한다면 (그리고 나중에 실행될 **컨테이너**에), HTTPS는 일반적으로 다른 도구에 의해 **외부적으로** 다루어질 것 입니다. + +**HTTPS**와 **인증서**의 **자동** 취득을 다루는 것은 다른 컨테이너가 될 수 있는데, 예를 들어 Traefik을 사용하는 것입니다. + +!!! 팁 + Traefik은 도커, 쿠버네티스, 그리고 다른 도구와 통합되어 있어 여러분의 컨테이너를 포함하는 HTTPS를 셋업하고 설정하는 것이 매우 쉽습니다. + +대안적으로, HTTPS는 클라우드 제공자에 의해 서비스의 일환으로 다루어질 수도 있습니다 (이때도 어플리케이션은 여전히 컨테이너에서 실행될 것입니다). + +## 구동과 재시작 + +여러분의 컨테이너를 **시작하고 실행하는** 데에 일반적으로 사용되는 도구는 따로 있습니다. + +이는 **도커** 자체일 수도 있고, **도커 컴포즈**, **쿠버네티스**, **클라우드 서비스** 등이 될 수 있습니다. + +대부분 (또는 전체) 경우에, 컨테이너를 구동하거나 고장시에 재시작하도록 하는 간단한 옵션이 있습니다. 예를 들어, 도커에서는, 커맨드 라인 옵션 `--restart` 입니다. + +컨테이너를 사용하지 않고서는, 어플리케이션을 구동하고 재시작하는 것이 매우 번거롭고 어려울 수 있습니다. 하지만 **컨테이너를 사용한다면** 대부분의 경우에 이런 기능은 기본적으로 포함되어 있습니다. ✨ + +## 복제 - 프로세스 개수 + +만약 여러분이 **쿠버네티스**와 머신 클러스터, 도커 스왐 모드, 노마드, 또는 다른 여러 머신 위에 분산 컨테이너를 관리하는 복잡한 시스템을 다루고 있다면, 여러분은 각 컨테이너에서 (워커와 함께 사용하는 Gunicorn 같은) **프로세스 매니저** 대신 **클러스터 레벨**에서 **복제를 다루**고 싶을 것입니다. + +쿠버네티스와 같은 분산 컨테이너 관리 시스템 중 일부는 일반적으로 들어오는 요청에 대한 **로드 밸런싱**을 지원하면서 **컨테이너 복제**를 다루는 통합된 방법을 가지고 있습니다. 모두 **클러스터 레벨**에서 말이죠. + +이런 경우에, 여러분은 [위에서 묘사된 것](#dockerfile)처럼 **처음부터 도커 이미지를** 빌드해서, 의존성을 설치하고, Uvicorn 워커를 관리하는 Gunicorn 대신 **단일 Uvicorn 프로세스**를 실행하고 싶을 것입니다. + +### 로드 밸런서 + +컨테이너로 작업할 때, 여러분은 일반적으로 **메인 포트의 상황을 감지하는** 요소를 가지고 있을 것입니다. 이는 **HTTPS**를 다루는 **TLS 종료 프록시**와 같은 다른 컨테이너일 수도 있고, 유사한 다른 도구일 수도 있습니다. + +이 요소가 요청들의 **로드**를 읽어들이고 각 워커에게 (바라건대) **균형적으로** 분배한다면, 이 요소는 일반적으로 **로드 밸런서**라고 불립니다. + +!!! 팁 + HTTPS를 위해 사용된 **TLS 종료 프록시** 요소 또한 **로드 밸런서**가 될 수 있습니다. + +또한 컨테이너로 작업할 때, 컨테이너를 시작하고 관리하기 위해 사용한 것과 동일한 시스템은 이미 해당 **로드 밸런서**로 부터 여러분의 앱에 해당하는 컨테이너로 **네트워크 통신**(예를 들어, HTTP 요청)을 전송하는 내부적인 도구를 가지고 있을 것입니다 (여기서도 로드 밸런서는 **TLS 종료 프록시**일 수 있습니다). + +### 하나의 로드 밸런서 - 다중 워커 컨테이너 + +**쿠버네티스**나 또는 다른 분산 컨테이너 관리 시스템으로 작업할 때, 시스템 내부의 네트워킹 메커니즘을 이용함으로써 메인 **포트**를 감지하고 있는 단일 **로드 밸런서**는 여러분의 앱에서 실행되고 있는 **여러개의 컨테이너**에 통신(요청들)을 전송할 수 있게 됩니다. + +여러분의 앱에서 실행되고 있는 각각의 컨테이너는 일반적으로 **하나의 프로세스**만 가질 것입니다 (예를 들어, FastAPI 어플리케이션에서 실행되는 하나의 Uvicorn 프로세스처럼). 이 컨테이너들은 모두 같은 것을 실행하는 점에서 **동일한 컨테이너**이지만, 프로세스, 메모리 등은 공유하지 않습니다. 이 방식으로 여러분은 CPU의 **서로 다른 코어들** 또는 **서로 다른 머신들**을 **병렬화**하는 이점을 얻을 수 있습니다. + +또한 **로드 밸런서**가 있는 분산 컨테이너 시스템은 여러분의 앱에 있는 컨테이너 각각에 **차례대로 요청을 분산**시킬 것 입니다. 따라서 각 요청은 여러분의 앱에서 실행되는 여러개의 **복제된 컨테이너들** 중 하나에 의해 다루어질 것 입니다. + +그리고 일반적으로 **로드 밸런서**는 여러분의 클러스터에 있는 *다른* 앱으로 가는 요청들도 다룰 수 있으며 (예를 들어, 다른 도메인으로 가거나 다른 URL 경로 접두사를 가지는 경우), 이 통신들을 클러스터에 있는 *바로 그 다른* 어플리케이션으로 제대로 전송할 수 있습니다. + +### 단일 프로세스를 가지는 컨테이너 + +이 시나리오의 경우, 여러분은 이미 클러스터 레벨에서 복제를 다루고 있을 것이므로 **컨테이너 당 단일 (Uvicorn) 프로세스**를 가지고자 할 것입니다. + +따라서, 여러분은 Gunicorn 이나 Uvicorn 워커, 또는 Uvicorn 워커를 사용하는 Uvicorn 매니저와 같은 프로세스 매니저를 가지고 싶어하지 **않을** 것입니다. 여러분은 컨테이너 당 **단일 Uvicorn 프로세스**를 가지고 싶어할 것입니다 (그러나 아마도 다중 컨테이너를 가질 것입니다). + +이미 여러분이 클러스터 시스템을 관리하고 있으므로, (Uvicorn 워커를 관리하는 Gunicorn 이나 Uvicorn 처럼) 컨테이너 내에 다른 프로세스 매니저를 가지는 것은 **불필요한 복잡성**만 더하게 될 것입니다. + +### 다중 프로세스를 가지는 컨테이너와 특수한 경우들 + +당연한 말이지만, 여러분이 내부적으로 **Uvicorn 워커 프로세스들**를 시작하는 **Gunicorn 프로세스 매니저**를 가지는 단일 컨테이너를 원하는 **특수한 경우**도 있을 것입니다. + +그런 경우에, 여러분들은 **Gunicorn**을 프로세스 매니저로 포함하는 **공식 도커 이미지**를 사용할 수 있습니다. 이 프로세스 매니저는 다중 **Uvicorn 워커 프로세스들**을 실행하며, 디폴트 세팅으로 현재 CPU 코어에 기반하여 자동으로 워커 개수를 조정합니다. 이 사항에 대해서는 아래의 [Gunicorn과 함께하는 공식 도커 이미지 - Uvicorn](#official-docker-image-with-gunicorn-uvicorn)에서 더 다루겠습니다. + +이런 경우에 해당하는 몇가지 예시가 있습니다: + +#### 단순한 앱 + +만약 여러분의 어플리케이션이 **충분히 단순**해서 (적어도 아직은) 프로세스 개수를 파인-튠 할 필요가 없거나 클러스터가 아닌 **단일 서버**에서 실행하고 있다면, 여러분은 컨테이너 내에 프로세스 매니저를 사용하거나 (공식 도커 이미지에서) 자동으로 설정되는 디폴트 값을 사용할 수 있습니다. + +#### 도커 구성 + +여러분은 **도커 컴포즈**로 (클러스터가 아닌) **단일 서버로** 배포할 수 있으며, 이 경우에 공유된 네트워크와 **로드 밸런싱**을 포함하는 (도커 컴포즈로) 컨테이너의 복제를 관리하는 단순한 방법이 없을 수도 있습니다. + +그렇다면 여러분은 **프로세스 매니저**와 함께 내부에 **몇개의 워커 프로세스들**을 시작하는 **단일 컨테이너**를 필요로 할 수 있습니다. + +#### Prometheus와 다른 이유들 + +여러분은 **단일 프로세스**를 가지는 **다중 컨테이너** 대신 **다중 프로세스**를 가지는 **단일 컨테이너**를 채택하는 **다른 이유**가 있을 수 있습니다. + +예를 들어 (여러분의 장치 설정에 따라) Prometheus 익스포터와 같이 같은 컨테이너에 들어오는 **각 요청에 대해** 접근권한을 가지는 도구를 사용할 수 있습니다. + +이 경우에 여러분이 **여러개의 컨테이너들**을 가지고 있다면, Prometheus가 **메트릭을 읽어 들일 때**, 디폴트로 **매번 하나의 컨테이너**(특정 리퀘스트를 관리하는 바로 그 컨테이너)로 부터 읽어들일 것입니다. 이는 모든 복제된 컨테이너에 대해 **축적된 메트릭들**을 읽어들이는 것과 대비됩니다. + +그렇다면 이 경우에는 **다중 프로세스**를 가지는 **하나의 컨테이너**를 두어서 같은 컨테이너에서 모든 내부 프로세스에 대한 Prometheus 메트릭을 수집하는 로컬 도구(예를 들어 Prometheus 익스포터 같은)를 두어서 이 메그릭들을 하나의 컨테이너에 내에서 공유하는 방법이 더 단순할 것입니다. + +--- + +요점은, 이 중의 **어느것도** 여러분들이 반드시 따라야하는 **확정된 사실**이 아니라는 것입니다. 여러분은 이 아이디어들을 **여러분의 고유한 이용 사례를 평가**하는데 사용하고, 여러분의 시스템에 가장 적합한 접근법이 어떤 것인지 결정하며, 다음의 개념들을 관리하는 방법을 확인할 수 있습니다: + +* 보안 - HTTPS +* 구동하기 +* 재시작 +* 복제 (실행 중인 프로세스 개수) +* 메모리 +* 시작하기 전 단계들 + +## 메모리 + +만약 여러분이 **컨테이너 당 단일 프로세스**를 실행한다면, 여러분은 각 컨테이너(복제된 경우에는 여러개의 컨테이너들)에 대해 잘 정의되고, 안정적이며, 제한된 용량의 메모리 소비량을 가지고 있을 것입니다. + +그러면 여러분의 컨테이너 관리 시스템(예를 들어 **쿠버네티스**) 설정에서 앞서 정의된 것과 같은 메모리 제한과 요구사항을 설정할 수 있습니다. 이런 방법으로 **가용 머신**이 필요로하는 메모리와 클러스터에 있는 가용 머신들을 염두에 두고 **컨테이너를 복제**할 수 있습니다. + +만약 여러분의 어플리케이션이 **단순**하다면, 이것은 **문제가 되지 않을** 것이고, 고정된 메모리 제한을 구체화할 필요도 없을 것입니다. 하지만 여러분의 어플리케이션이 (예를 들어 **머신 러닝** 모델같이) **많은 메모리를 소요한다면**, 어플리케이션이 얼마나 많은 양의 메모리를 사용하는지 확인하고 **각 머신에서** 사용하는 **컨테이너의 수**를 조정할 필요가 있습니다 (그리고 필요에 따라 여러분의 클러스터에 머신을 추가할 수 있습니다). + +만약 여러분이 **컨테이너 당 여러개의 프로세스**를 실행한다면 (예를 들어 공식 도커 이미지 처럼), 여러분은 시작된 프로세스 개수가 가용한 것 보다 **더 많은 메모리를 소비**하지 않는지 확인해야 합니다. + +## 시작하기 전 단계들과 컨테이너 + +만약 여러분이 컨테이너(예를 들어 도커, 쿠버네티스)를 사용한다면, 여러분이 접근할 수 있는 주요 방법은 크게 두가지가 있습니다. + +### 다중 컨테이너 + +만약 여러분이 **여러개의 컨테이너**를 가지고 있다면, 아마도 각각의 컨테이너는 **하나의 프로세스**를 가지고 있을 것입니다(예를 들어, **쿠버네티스** 클러스터에서). 그러면 여러분은 복제된 워커 컨테이너를 실행하기 **이전에**, 하나의 컨테이너에 있는 **이전의 단계들을** 수행하는 단일 프로세스를 가지는 **별도의 컨테이너들**을 가지고 싶을 것입니다. + +!!! 정보 + 만약 여러분이 쿠버네티스를 사용하고 있다면, 아마도 이는 Init Container일 것입니다. + +만약 여러분의 이용 사례에서 이전 단계들을 **병렬적으로 여러번** 수행하는데에 문제가 없다면 (예를 들어 데이터베이스 이전을 실행하지 않고 데이터베이스가 준비되었는지 확인만 하는 경우), 메인 프로세스를 시작하기 전에 이 단계들을 각 컨테이너에 넣을 수 있습니다. + +### 단일 컨테이너 + +만약 여러분의 셋업이 **다중 프로세스**(또는 하나의 프로세스)를 시작하는 **하나의 컨테이너**를 가지는 단순한 셋업이라면, 사전 단계들을 앱을 포함하는 프로세스를 시작하기 직전에 같은 컨테이너에서 실행할 수 있습니다. 공식 도커 이미지는 이를 내부적으로 지원합니다. + +## Gunicorn과 함께하는 공식 도커 이미지 - Uvicorn + +앞 챕터에서 자세하게 설명된 것 처럼, Uvicorn 워커와 같이 실행되는 Gunicorn을 포함하는 공식 도커 이미지가 있습니다: [서버 워커 - Uvicorn과 함께하는 Gunicorn](./server-workers.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +이 이미지는 주로 위에서 설명된 상황에서 유용할 것입니다: [다중 프로세스를 가지는 컨테이너와 특수한 경우들](#containers-with-multiple-processes-and-special-cases). + +* tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi. + +!!! 경고 + 여러분이 이 베이스 이미지 또는 다른 유사한 이미지를 필요로 하지 **않을** 높은 가능성이 있으며, [위에서 설명된 것처럼: FastAPI를 위한 도커 이미지 빌드하기](#build-a-docker-image-for-fastapi) 처음부터 이미지를 빌드하는 것이 더 나을 수 있습니다. + +이 이미지는 가능한 CPU 코어에 기반한 **몇개의 워커 프로세스**를 설정하는 **자동-튜닝** 메커니즘을 포함하고 있습니다. + +이 이미지는 **민감한 디폴트** 값을 가지고 있지만, 여러분들은 여전히 **환경 변수** 또는 설정 파일을 통해 설정값을 수정하고 업데이트 할 수 있습니다. + +또한 스크립트를 통해 **시작하기 전 사전 단계**를 실행하는 것을 지원합니다. + +!!! 팁 + 모든 설정과 옵션을 보려면, 도커 이미지 페이지로 이동합니다: tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi. + +### 공식 도커 이미지에 있는 프로세스 개수 + +이 이미지에 있는 **프로세스 개수**는 가용한 CPU **코어들**로 부터 **자동으로 계산**됩니다. + +이것이 의미하는 바는 이미지가 CPU로부터 **최대한의 성능**을 **쥐어짜낸다**는 것입니다. + +여러분은 이 설정 값을 **환경 변수**나 기타 방법들로 조정할 수 있습니다. + +그러나 프로세스의 개수가 컨테이너가 실행되고 있는 CPU에 의존한다는 것은 또한 **소요되는 메모리의 크기** 또한 이에 의존한다는 것을 의미합니다. + +그렇기 때문에, 만약 여러분의 어플리케이션이 많은 메모리를 요구하고 (예를 들어 머신러닝 모델처럼), 여러분의 서버가 CPU 코어 수는 많지만 **적은 메모리**를 가지고 있다면, 여러분의 컨테이너는 가용한 메모리보다 많은 메모리를 사용하려고 시도할 수 있으며, 결국 퍼포먼스를 크게 떨어뜨릴 수 있습니다(심지어 고장이 날 수도 있습니다). 🚨 + +### `Dockerfile` 생성하기 + +이 이미지에 기반해 `Dockerfile`을 생성하는 방법은 다음과 같습니다: + +```Dockerfile +FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.9 + +COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /app/requirements.txt + +COPY ./app /app +``` + +### 더 큰 어플리케이션 + +만약 여러분이 [다중 파일을 가지는 더 큰 어플리케이션](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}을 생성하는 섹션을 따랐다면, 여러분의 `Dockerfile`은 대신 이렇게 생겼을 것입니다: + +```Dockerfile hl_lines="7" +FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.9 + +COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /app/requirements.txt + +COPY ./app /app/app +``` + +### 언제 사용할까 + +여러분들이 **쿠버네티스**(또는 유사한 다른 도구) 사용하거나 클러스터 레벨에서 다중 컨테이너를 이용해 이미 **사본**을 설정하고 있다면, 공식 베이스 이미지(또는 유사한 다른 이미지)를 사용하지 **않는** 것 좋습니다. 그런 경우에 여러분은 다음에 설명된 것 처럼 **처음부터 이미지를 빌드하는 것**이 더 낫습니다: [FastAPI를 위한 도커 이미지 빌드하기](#build-a-docker-image-for-fastapi). + +이 이미지는 위의 [다중 프로세스를 가지는 컨테이너와 특수한 경우들](#containers-with-multiple-processes-and-special-cases)에서 설명된 특수한 경우에 대해서만 주로 유용할 것입니다. 예를 들어, 만약 여러분의 어플리케이션이 **충분히 단순**해서 CPU에 기반한 디폴트 프로세스 개수를 설정하는 것이 잘 작동한다면, 클러스터 레벨에서 수동으로 사본을 설정할 필요가 없을 것이고, 여러분의 앱에서 하나 이상의 컨테이너를 실행하지도 않을 것입니다. 또는 만약에 여러분이 **도커 컴포즈**로 배포하거나, 단일 서버에서 실행하거나 하는 경우에도 마찬가지입니다. + +## 컨테이너 이미지 배포하기 + +컨테이너 (도커) 이미지를 완성한 뒤에 이를 배포하는 방법에는 여러가지 방법이 있습니다. + +예를 들어: + +* 단일 서버에서 **도커 컴포즈**로 배포하기 +* **쿠버네티스** 클러스터로 배포하기 +* 도커 스왐 모드 클러스터로 배포하기 +* 노마드 같은 다른 도구로 배포하기 +* 여러분의 컨테이너 이미지를 배포해주는 클라우드 서비스로 배포하기 + +## Poetry의 도커 이미지 + +만약 여러분들이 프로젝트 의존성을 관리하기 위해 Poetry를 사용한다면, 도커의 멀티-스테이지 빌딩을 사용할 수 있습니다: + +```{ .dockerfile .annotate } +# (1) +FROM python:3.9 as requirements-stage + +# (2) +WORKDIR /tmp + +# (3) +RUN pip install poetry + +# (4) +COPY ./pyproject.toml ./poetry.lock* /tmp/ + +# (5) +RUN poetry export -f requirements.txt --output requirements.txt --without-hashes + +# (6) +FROM python:3.9 + +# (7) +WORKDIR /code + +# (8) +COPY --from=requirements-stage /tmp/requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +# (9) +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +# (10) +COPY ./app /code/app + +# (11) +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +1. 첫 스테이지로, `requirements-stage`라고 이름 붙였습니다. + +2. `/tmp`를 현재의 워킹 디렉터리로 설정합니다. + + 이 위치에 우리는 `requirements.txt` 파일을 생성할 것입니다. + +3. 이 도커 스테이지에서 Poetry를 설치합니다. + +4. 파일 `pyproject.toml`와 `poetry.lock`를 `/tmp` 디렉터리로 복사합니다. + + `./poetry.lock*` (`*`로 끝나는) 파일을 사용하기 때문에, 파일이 아직 사용가능하지 않더라도 고장나지 않을 것입니다. + +5. `requirements.txt` 파일을 생성합니다. + +6. 이것이 마지막 스테이지로, 여기에 위치한 모든 것이 마지막 컨테이너 이미지에 포함될 것입니다. + +7. 현재의 워킹 디렉터리를 `/code`로 설정합니다. + +8. 파일 `requirements.txt`를 `/code` 디렉터리로 복사합니다. + + 이 파일은 오직 이전의 도커 스테이지에만 존재하며, 때문에 복사하기 위해서 `--from-requirements-stage` 옵션이 필요합니다. + +9. 생성된 `requirements.txt` 파일에 패키지 의존성을 설치합니다. + +10. `app` 디렉터리를 `/code` 디렉터리로 복사합니다. + +11. `uvicorn` 커맨드를 실행하여, `app.main`에서 불러온 `app` 객체를 사용하도록 합니다. + +!!! 팁 + 버블 숫자를 클릭해 각 줄이 하는 일을 알아볼 수 있습니다. + +**도커 스테이지**란 `Dockefile`의 일부로서 나중에 사용하기 위한 파일들을 생성하기 위한 **일시적인 컨테이너 이미지**로 작동합니다. + +첫 스테이지는 오직 **Poetry를 설치**하고 Poetry의 `pyproject.toml` 파일로부터 프로젝트 의존성을 위한 **`requirements.txt`를 생성**하기 위해 사용됩니다. + +이 `requirements.txt` 파일은 **다음 스테이지**에서 `pip`로 사용될 것입니다. + +마지막 컨테이너 이미지에는 **오직 마지막 스테이지만** 보존됩니다. 이전 스테이지(들)은 버려집니다. + +Poetry를 사용할 때 **도커 멀티-스테이지 빌드**를 사용하는 것이 좋은데, 여러분들의 프로젝트 의존성을 설치하기 위해 마지막 컨테이너 이미지에 **오직** `requirements.txt` 파일만 필요하지, Poetry와 그 의존성은 있을 필요가 없기 때문입니다. + +이 다음 (또한 마지막) 스테이지에서 여러분들은 이전에 설명된 것과 비슷한 방식으로 방식으로 이미지를 빌드할 수 있습니다. + +### TLS 종료 프록시의 배후 - Poetry + +이전에 언급한 것과 같이, 만약 여러분이 컨테이너를 Nginx 또는 Traefik과 같은 TLS 종료 프록시 (로드 밸런서) 뒤에서 실행하고 있다면, 커맨드에 `--proxy-headers` 옵션을 추가합니다: + +```Dockerfile +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--proxy-headers", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +## 요약 + +컨테이너 시스템(예를 들어 **도커**나 **쿠버네티스**)을 사용하여 모든 **배포 개념**을 다루는 것은 꽤 간단합니다: + +* HTTPS +* 구동하기 +* 재시작 +* 복제 (실행 중인 프로세스 개수) +* 메모리 +* 시작하기 전 단계들 + +대부분의 경우에서 여러분은 어떤 베이스 이미지도 사용하지 않고 공식 파이썬 도커 이미지에 기반해 **처음부터 컨테이너 이미지를 빌드**할 것입니다. + +`Dockerfile`에 있는 지시 사항을 **순서대로** 다루고 **도커 캐시**를 사용하는 것으로 여러분은 **빌드 시간을 최소화**할 수 있으며, 이로써 생산성을 최대화할 수 있습니다 (그리고 지루함을 피할 수 있죠) 😎 + +특별한 경우에는, FastAPI를 위한 공식 도커 이미지를 사용할 수도 있습니다. 🤓 diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/deployment/index.md b/docs/ko/docs/deployment/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..87b05b68f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/deployment/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# 배포하기 - 들어가면서 + +**FastAPI**을 배포하는 것은 비교적 쉽습니다. + +## 배포의 의미 + +**배포**란 애플리케이션을 **사용자가 사용**할 수 있도록 하는 데 필요한 단계를 수행하는 것을 의미합니다. + +**웹 API**의 경우, 일반적으로 **사용자**가 중단이나 오류 없이 애플리케이션에 효율적으로 **접근**할 수 있도록 좋은 성능, 안정성 등을 제공하는 **서버 프로그램과** 함께 **원격 시스템**에 이를 설치하는 작업을 의미합니다. + +이는 지속적으로 코드를 변경하고, 지우고, 수정하고, 개발 서버를 중지했다가 다시 시작하는 등의 **개발** 단계와 대조됩니다. + +## 배포 전략 + +사용하는 도구나 특정 사례에 따라 여러 가지 방법이 있습니다. + +배포도구들을 사용하여 직접 **서버에 배포**하거나, 배포작업의 일부를 수행하는 **클라우드 서비스** 또는 다른 방법을 사용할 수도 있습니다. + +**FastAPI** 애플리케이션을 배포할 때 선택할 수 있는 몇 가지 주요 방법을 보여 드리겠습니다 (대부분 다른 유형의 웹 애플리케이션에도 적용됩니다). + +다음 차례에 자세한 내용과 이를 위한 몇 가지 기술을 볼 수 있습니다. ✨ diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/deployment/server-workers.md b/docs/ko/docs/deployment/server-workers.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5653c55e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/deployment/server-workers.md @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +# 서버 워커 - 구니콘과 유비콘 + +전단계에서의 배포 개념들을 다시 확인해보겠습니다: + +* 보안 - HTTPS +* 서버 시작과 동시에 실행하기 +* 재시작 +* **복제본 (실행 중인 프로세스의 숫자)** +* 메모리 +* 시작하기 전의 여러 단계들 + +지금까지 문서의 모든 튜토리얼을 참고하여 **단일 프로세스**로 Uvicorn과 같은 **서버 프로그램**을 실행했을 것입니다. + +애플리케이션을 배포할 때 **다중 코어**를 활용하고 더 많은 요청을 처리할 수 있도록 **프로세스 복제본**이 필요합니다. + +전 과정이었던 [배포 개념들](./concepts.md){.internal-link target=_blank}에서 본 것처럼 여러가지 방법이 존재합니다. + +지금부터 **구니콘**을 **유비콘 워커 프로세스**와 함께 사용하는 방법을 알려드리겠습니다. + +!!! 정보 + 만약 도커와 쿠버네티스 같은 컨테이너를 사용하고 있다면 다음 챕터 [FastAPI와 컨테이너 - 도커](./docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}에서 더 많은 정보를 얻을 수 있습니다. + + 특히, 쿠버네티스에서 실행할 때는 구니콘을 사용하지 않고 대신 컨테이너당 하나의 유비콘 프로세스를 실행하는 것이 좋습니다. 이 장의 뒷부분에서 설명하겠습니다. + +## 구니콘과 유비콘 워커 + +**Gunicorn**은 **WSGI 표준**을 주로 사용하는 애플리케이션 서버입니다. 이것은 구니콘이 플라스크와 쟝고와 같은 애플리케이션을 제공할 수 있다는 것을 의미합니다. 구니콘 자체는 최신 **ASGI 표준**을 사용하기 때문에 FastAPI와 호환되지 않습니다. + +하지만 구니콘은 **프로세스 관리자**역할을 하고 사용자에게 특정 **워커 프로세스 클래스**를 알려줍니다. 그런 다음 구니콘은 해당 클래스를 사용하여 하나 이상의 **워커 프로세스**를 시작합니다. + +그리고 **유비콘**은 **구니콘과 호환되는 워커 클래스**가 있습니다. + +이 조합을 사용하여 구니콘은 **프로세스 관리자** 역할을 하며 **포트**와 **IP**를 관찰하고, **유비콘 클래스**를 실행하는 워커 프로세스로 통신 정보를 **전송**합니다. + +그리고 나서 구니콘과 호환되는 **유비콘 워커** 클래스는 구니콘이 보낸 데이터를 FastAPI에서 사용하기 위한 ASGI 표준으로 변환하는 일을 담당합니다. + +## 구니콘과 유비콘 설치하기 + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" gunicorn + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +이 명령어는 유비콘 `standard` 추가 패키지(좋은 성능을 위한)와 구니콘을 설치할 것입니다. + +## 구니콘을 유비콘 워커와 함께 실행하기 + +설치 후 구니콘 실행하기: + +
+ +```console +$ gunicorn main:app --workers 4 --worker-class uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker --bind 0.0.0.0:80 + +[19499] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.1.0 +[19499] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:80 (19499) +[19499] [INFO] Using worker: uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker +[19511] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19511 +[19513] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19513 +[19514] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19514 +[19515] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19515 +[19511] [INFO] Started server process [19511] +[19511] [INFO] Waiting for application startup. +[19511] [INFO] Application startup complete. +[19513] [INFO] Started server process [19513] +[19513] [INFO] Waiting for application startup. +[19513] [INFO] Application startup complete. +[19514] [INFO] Started server process [19514] +[19514] [INFO] Waiting for application startup. +[19514] [INFO] Application startup complete. +[19515] [INFO] Started server process [19515] +[19515] [INFO] Waiting for application startup. +[19515] [INFO] Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +각 옵션이 무엇을 의미하는지 살펴봅시다: + +* 이것은 유비콘과 똑같은 문법입니다. `main`은 파이썬 모듈 네임 "`main`"을 의미하므로 `main.py`파일을 뜻합니다. 그리고 `app`은 **FastAPI** 어플리케이션이 들어 있는 변수의 이름입니다. + * `main:app`이 파이썬의 `import` 문법과 흡사한 면이 있다는 걸 알 수 있습니다: + + ```Python + from main import app + ``` + + * 곧, `main:app`안에 있는 콜론의 의미는 파이썬에서 `from main import app`에서의 `import`와 같습니다. +* `--workers`: 사용할 워커 프로세스의 개수이며 숫자만큼의 유비콘 워커를 실행합니다. 이 예제에서는 4개의 워커를 실행합니다. +* `--worker-class`: 워커 프로세스에서 사용하기 위한 구니콘과 호환되는 워커클래스. + * 이런식으로 구니콘이 import하여 사용할 수 있는 클래스를 전달해줍니다: + + ```Python + import uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker + ``` + +* `--bind`: 구니콘이 관찰할 IP와 포트를 의미합니다. 콜론 (`:`)을 사용하여 IP와 포트를 구분합니다. + * 만약에 `--bind 0.0.0.0:80` (구니콘 옵션) 대신 유비콘을 직접 실행하고 싶다면 `--host 0.0.0.0`과 `--port 80`을 사용해야 합니다. + +출력에서 각 프로세스에 대한 **PID** (process ID)를 확인할 수 있습니다. (단순한 숫자입니다) + +출력 내용: + +* 구니콘 **프로세스 매니저**는 PID `19499`로 실행됩니다. (직접 실행할 경우 숫자가 다를 수 있습니다) +* 다음으로 `Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:80`을 시작합니다. +* 그런 다음 사용해야할 `uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker`의 워커클래스를 탐지합니다. +* 그리고 PID `19511`, `19513`, `19514`, 그리고 `19515`를 가진 **4개의 워커**를 실행합니다. + + +또한 구니콘은 워커의 수를 유지하기 위해 **죽은 프로세스**를 관리하고 **재시작**하는 작업을 책임집니다. 이것은 이번 장 상단 목록의 **재시작** 개념을 부분적으로 도와주는 것입니다. + +그럼에도 불구하고 필요할 경우 외부에서 **구니콘을 재시작**하고, 혹은 **서버를 시작할 때 실행**할 수 있도록 하고 싶어할 것입니다. + +## 유비콘과 워커 + +유비콘은 몇 개의 **워커 프로세스**와 함께 실행할 수 있는 선택지가 있습니다. + +그럼에도 불구하고, 유비콘은 워커 프로세스를 다루는 데에 있어서 구니콘보다 더 제한적입니다. 따라서 이 수준(파이썬 수준)의 프로세스 관리자를 사용하려면 구니콘을 프로세스 관리자로 사용하는 것이 좋습니다. + +보통 이렇게 실행할 수 있습니다: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8080 --workers 4 +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://0.0.0.0:8080 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started parent process [27365] +INFO: Started server process [27368] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +INFO: Started server process [27369] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +INFO: Started server process [27370] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +INFO: Started server process [27367] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +새로운 옵션인 `--workers`은 유비콘에게 4개의 워커 프로세스를 사용한다고 알려줍니다. + +각 프로세스의 **PID**를 확인할 수 있습니다. `27365`는 상위 프로세스(**프로세스 매니저**), 그리고 각각의 워커프로세스는 `27368`, `27369`, `27370`, 그리고 `27367`입니다. + +## 배포 개념들 + +여기에서는 **유비콘 워커 프로세스**를 관리하는 **구니콘**(또는 유비콘)을 사용하여 애플리케이션을 **병렬화**하고, CPU **멀티 코어**의 장점을 활용하고, **더 많은 요청**을 처리할 수 있는 방법을 살펴보았습니다. + +워커를 사용하는 것은 배포 개념 목록에서 주로 **복제본** 부분과 **재시작**에 약간 도움이 되지만 다른 배포 개념들도 다루어야 합니다: + +* **보안 - HTTPS** +* **서버 시작과 동시에 실행하기** +* ***재시작*** +* 복제본 (실행 중인 프로세스의 숫자) +* **메모리** +* **시작하기 전의 여러 단계들** + + +## 컨테이너와 도커 + +다음 장인 [FastAPI와 컨테이너 - 도커](./docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}에서 다른 **배포 개념들**을 다루는 전략들을 알려드리겠습니다. + +또한 간단한 케이스에서 사용할 수 있는, **구니콘과 유비콘 워커**가 포함돼 있는 **공식 도커 이미지**와 함께 몇 가지 기본 구성을 보여드리겠습니다. + +그리고 단일 유비콘 프로세스(구니콘 없이)를 실행할 수 있도록 **사용자 자신의 이미지를 처음부터 구축**하는 방법도 보여드리겠습니다. 이는 간단한 과정이며, **쿠버네티스**와 같은 분산 컨테이너 관리 시스템을 사용할 때 수행할 작업입니다. + +## 요약 + +당신은 **구니콘**(또는 유비콘)을 유비콘 워커와 함께 프로세스 관리자로 사용하여 **멀티-코어 CPU**를 활용하는 **멀티 프로세스를 병렬로 실행**할 수 있습니다. + +다른 배포 개념을 직접 다루면서 **자신만의 배포 시스템**을 구성하는 경우 이러한 도구와 개념들을 활용할 수 있습니다. + +다음 장에서 컨테이너(예: 도커 및 쿠버네티스)와 함께하는 **FastAPI**에 대해 배워보세요. 이러한 툴에는 다른 **배포 개념**들을 간단히 해결할 수 있는 방법이 있습니다. ✨ diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/deployment/versions.md b/docs/ko/docs/deployment/versions.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..074c15158 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/deployment/versions.md @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +# FastAPI 버전들에 대하여 + +**FastAPI** 는 이미 많은 응용 프로그램과 시스템들을 만드는데 사용되고 있습니다. 그리고 100%의 테스트 정확성을 가지고 있습니다. 하지만 이것은 아직까지도 빠르게 발전하고 있습니다. + +새로운 특징들이 빈번하게 추가되고, 오류들이 지속적으로 수정되고 있습니다. 그리고 코드가 계속적으로 향상되고 있습니다. + +이것이 아직도 최신 버전이 `0.x.x`인 이유입니다. 이것은 각각의 버전들이 잠재적으로 변할 수 있다는 것을 보여줍니다. 이는 유의적 버전 관습을 따릅니다. + +지금 바로 **FastAPI**로 응용 프로그램을 만들 수 있습니다. 이때 (아마 지금까지 그래 왔던 것처럼), 사용하는 버전이 코드와 잘 맞는지 확인해야합니다. + +## `fastapi` 버전을 표시 + +가장 먼저 해야할 것은 응용 프로그램이 잘 작동하는 가장 최신의 구체적인 **FastAPI** 버전을 표시하는 것입니다. + +예를 들어, 응용 프로그램에 `0.45.0` 버전을 사용했다고 가정합니다. + +만약에 `requirements.txt` 파일을 사용했다면, 다음과 같이 버전을 명세할 수 있습니다: + +```txt +fastapi==0.45.0 +``` + +이것은 `0.45.0` 버전을 사용했다는 것을 의미합니다. + +또는 다음과 같이 표시할 수 있습니다: + +```txt +fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0 +``` + +이것은 `0.45.0` 버전과 같거나 높으면서 `0.46.0` 버전 보다는 낮은 버전을 사용했다는 것을 의미합니다. 예를 들어, `0.45.2` 버전과 같은 경우는 해당 조건을 만족합니다. + +만약에 Poetry, Pipenv, 또는 그밖의 다양한 설치 도구를 사용한다면, 패키지에 구체적인 버전을 정의할 수 있는 방법을 가지고 있을 것입니다. + +## 이용가능한 버전들 + +[Release Notes](../release-notes.md){.internal-link target=_blank}를 통해 사용할 수 있는 버전들을 확인할 수 있습니다.(예를 들어, 가장 최신의 버전을 확인할 수 있습니다.) + + +## 버전들에 대해 + +유의적 버전 관습을 따라서, `1.0.0` 이하의 모든 버전들은 잠재적으로 급변할 수 있습니다. + +FastAPI는 오류를 수정하고, 일반적인 변경사항을 위해 "패치"버전의 관습을 따릅니다. + +!!! tip "팁" + 여기서 말하는 "패치"란 버전의 마지막 숫자로, 예를 들어 `0.2.3` 버전에서 "패치"는 `3`을 의미합니다. + +따라서 다음과 같이 버전을 표시할 수 있습니다: + +```txt +fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0 +``` + +수정된 사항과 새로운 요소들이 "마이너" 버전에 추가되었습니다. + +!!! tip "팁" + "마이너"란 버전 넘버의 가운데 숫자로, 예를 들어서 `0.2.3`의 "마이너" 버전은 `2`입니다. + +## FastAPI 버전의 업그레이드 + +응용 프로그램을 검사해야합니다. + +(Starlette 덕분에), **FastAPI** 를 이용하여 굉장히 쉽게 할 수 있습니다. [Testing](../tutorial/testing.md){.internal-link target=_blank}문서를 확인해 보십시오: + +검사를 해보고 난 후에, **FastAPI** 버전을 더 최신으로 업그레이드 할 수 있습니다. 그리고 코드들이 테스트에 정상적으로 작동하는지 확인을 해야합니다. + +만약에 모든 것이 정상 작동하거나 필요한 부분을 변경하고, 모든 검사를 통과한다면, 새로운 버전의 `fastapi`를 표시할 수 있습니다. + +## Starlette에 대해 + +`starlette`의 버전은 표시할 수 없습니다. + +서로다른 버전의 **FastAPI**가 구체적이고 새로운 버전의 Starlette을 사용할 것입니다. + +그러므로 **FastAPI**가 알맞은 Starlette 버전을 사용하도록 하십시오. + +## Pydantic에 대해 + +Pydantic은 **FastAPI** 를 위한 검사를 포함하고 있습니다. 따라서, 새로운 버전의 Pydantic(`1.0.0`이상)은 항상 FastAPI와 호환됩니다. + +작업을 하고 있는 `1.0.0` 이상의 모든 버전과 `2.0.0` 이하의 Pydantic 버전을 표시할 수 있습니다. + +예를 들어 다음과 같습니다: + +```txt +pydantic>=1.2.0,<2.0.0 +``` diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/features.md b/docs/ko/docs/features.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..42a3ff172 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/features.md @@ -0,0 +1,203 @@ +--- +hide: + - navigation +--- + +# 기능 + +## FastAPI의 기능 + +**FastAPI**는 다음과 같은 기능을 제공합니다: + +### 개방형 표준을 기반으로 + +* 경로작동, 매개변수, 본문 요청, 보안 그 외의 선언을 포함한 API 생성을 위한 OpenAPI +* JSON Schema (OpenAPI 자체가 JSON Schema를 기반으로 하고 있습니다)를 사용한 자동 데이터 모델 문서화. +* 단순히 떠올려서 덧붙인 기능이 아닙니다. 세심한 검토를 거친 후, 이러한 표준을 기반으로 설계되었습니다. +* 이는 또한 다양한 언어로 자동적인 **클라이언트 코드 생성**을 사용할 수 있게 지원합니다. + +### 문서 자동화 + +대화형 API 문서와 웹 탐색 유저 인터페이스를 제공합니다. 프레임워크가 OpenAPI를 기반으로 하기에, 2가지 옵션이 기본적으로 들어간 여러 옵션이 존재합니다. + +* 대화형 탐색 Swagger UI를 이용해, 브라우저에서 바로 여러분의 API를 호출하거나 테스트할 수 있습니다. + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) + +* ReDoc을 이용해 API 문서화를 대체할 수 있습니다. + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) + +### 그저 현대 파이썬 + +(Pydantic 덕분에) FastAPI는 표준 **파이썬 3.6 타입** 선언에 기반하고 있습니다. 새로 배울 문법이 없습니다. 그저 표준적인 현대 파이썬입니다. + +만약 여러분이 파이썬 타입을 어떻게 사용하는지에 대한 2분 정도의 복습이 필요하다면 (비록 여러분이 FastAPI를 사용하지 않는다 하더라도), 다음의 짧은 자습서를 확인하세요: [파이썬 타입](python-types.md){.internal-link target=\_blank}. + +여러분은 타입을 이용한 표준 파이썬을 다음과 같이 적을 수 있습니다: + +```Python +from datetime import date + +from pydantic import BaseModel + +# 변수를 str로 선언 +# 그 후 함수 안에서 편집기 지원을 받으세요 +def main(user_id: str): + return user_id + + +# Pydantic 모델 +class User(BaseModel): + id: int + name: str + joined: date +``` + +위의 코드는 다음과 같이 사용될 수 있습니다: + +```Python +my_user: User = User(id=3, name="John Doe", joined="2018-07-19") + +second_user_data = { + "id": 4, + "name": "Mary", + "joined": "2018-11-30", +} + +my_second_user: User = User(**second_user_data) +``` + +!!! 정보 + `**second_user_data`가 뜻하는 것: + + `second_user_data` 딕셔너리의 키와 값을 키-값 인자로서 바로 넘겨줍니다. 다음과 동일합니다: `User(id=4, name="Mary", joined="2018-11-30")` + +### 편집기 지원 + +모든 프레임워크는 사용하기 쉽고 직관적으로 설계되었으며, 좋은 개발 경험을 보장하기 위해 개발을 시작하기도 전에 모든 결정들은 여러 편집기에서 테스트됩니다. + +최근 파이썬 개발자 설문조사에서 "자동 완성"이 가장 많이 사용되는 기능이라는 것이 밝혀졌습니다. + +**FastAPI** 프레임워크의 모든 부분은 이를 충족하기 위해 설계되었습니다. 자동완성은 어느 곳에서나 작동합니다. + +여러분은 문서로 다시 돌아올 일이 거의 없을 겁니다. + +다음은 편집기가 어떻게 여러분을 도와주는지 보여줍니다: + +* Visual Studio Code에서: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) + +* PyCharm에서: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/pycharm-completion.png) + +여러분이 이전에 불가능하다고 고려했던 코드도 완성할 수 있을 겁니다. 예를 들어, 요청에서 전달되는 (중첩될 수도 있는)JSON 본문 내부에 있는 `price` 키입니다. + +잘못된 키 이름을 적을 일도, 문서를 왔다 갔다할 일도 없으며, 혹은 마지막으로 `username` 또는 `user_name`을 사용했는지 찾기 위해 위 아래로 스크롤할 일도 없습니다. + +### 토막 정보 + +어느 곳에서나 선택적 구성이 가능한 모든 것에 합리적인 기본값이 설정되어 있습니다. 모든 매개변수는 여러분이 필요하거나, 원하는 API를 정의하기 위해 미세하게 조정할 수 있습니다. + +하지만 기본적으로 모든 것이 "그냥 작동합니다". + +### 검증 + +* 다음을 포함한, 대부분의 (혹은 모든?) 파이썬 **데이터 타입** 검증할 수 있습니다: + * JSON 객체 (`dict`). + * 아이템 타입을 정의하는 JSON 배열 (`list`). + * 최소 길이와 최대 길이를 정의하는 문자열 (`str`) 필드. + * 최솟값과 최댓값을 가지는 숫자 (`int`, `float`), 그 외. + +* 다음과 같이 더욱 이색적인 타입에 대해 검증할 수 있습니다: + * URL. + * 이메일. + * UUID. + * ...다른 것들. + +모든 검증은 견고하면서 잘 확립된 **Pydantic**에 의해 처리됩니다. + +### 보안과 인증 + +보안과 인증이 통합되어 있습니다. 데이터베이스나 데이터 모델과의 타협없이 사용할 수 있습니다. + +다음을 포함하는, 모든 보안 스키마가 OpenAPI에 정의되어 있습니다. + +* HTTP Basic. +* **OAuth2** (**JWT tokens** 또한 포함). [OAuth2 with JWT](tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=\_blank}에 있는 자습서를 확인해 보세요. +* 다음에 들어 있는 API 키: + * 헤더. + * 매개변수. + * 쿠키 및 그 외. + +추가적으로 (**세션 쿠키**를 포함한) 모든 보안 기능은 Starlette에 있습니다. + +모두 재사용할 수 있는 도구와 컴포넌트로 만들어져 있어 여러분의 시스템, 데이터 저장소, 관계형 및 NoSQL 데이터베이스 등과 쉽게 통합할 수 있습니다. + +### 의존성 주입 + +FastAPI는 사용하기 매우 간편하지만, 엄청난 의존성 주입시스템을 포함하고 있습니다. + +* 의존성은 의존성을 가질수도 있어, 이를 통해 의존성의 계층이나 **의존성의 "그래프"**를 형성합니다. +* 모든 것이 프레임워크에 의해 **자동적으로 처리됩니다**. +* 모든 의존성은 요청에서 데이터를 요구하여 자동 문서화와 **경로 작동 제약을 강화할 수 있습니다**. +* 의존성에서 정의된 _경로 작동_ 매개변수에 대해서도 **자동 검증**이 이루어 집니다. +* 복잡한 사용자의 인증 시스템, **데이터베이스 연결**, 등등을 지원합니다. +* 데이터베이스, 프론트엔드 등과 관련되어 **타협하지 않아도 됩니다**. 하지만 그 모든 것과 쉽게 통합이 가능합니다. + +### 제한 없는 "플러그인" + +또는 다른 방법으로, 그것들을 사용할 필요 없이 필요한 코드만 임포트할 수 있습니다. + +어느 통합도 (의존성과 함께) 사용하기 쉽게 설계되어 있어, *경로 작동*에 사용된 것과 동일한 구조와 문법을 사용하여 2줄의 코드로 여러분의 어플리케이션에 사용할 "플러그인"을 만들 수 있습니다. + +### 테스트 결과 + +* 100% 테스트 범위. +* 100% 타입이 명시된 코드 베이스. +* 상용 어플리케이션에서의 사용. + +## Starlette 기능 + +**FastAPI**는 Starlette를 기반으로 구축되었으며, 이와 완전히 호환됩니다. 따라서, 여러분이 보유하고 있는 어떤 추가적인 Starlette 코드도 작동할 것입니다. + +`FastAPI`는 실제로 `Starlette`의 하위 클래스입니다. 그래서, 여러분이 이미 Starlette을 알고 있거나 사용하고 있으면, 대부분의 기능이 같은 방식으로 작동할 것입니다. + +**FastAPI**를 사용하면 여러분은 **Starlette**의 기능 대부분을 얻게 될 것입니다(FastAPI가 단순히 Starlette를 강화했기 때문입니다): + +* 아주 인상적인 성능. 이는 **NodeJS**와 **Go**와 동등하게 사용 가능한 가장 빠른 파이썬 프레임워크 중 하나입니다. +* **WebSocket** 지원. +* 프로세스 내의 백그라운드 작업. +* 시작과 종료 이벤트. +* HTTPX 기반 테스트 클라이언트. +* **CORS**, GZip, 정적 파일, 스트리밍 응답. +* **세션과 쿠키** 지원. +* 100% 테스트 범위. +* 100% 타입이 명시된 코드 베이스. + +## Pydantic 기능 + +**FastAPI**는 Pydantic을 기반으로 하며 Pydantic과 완벽하게 호환됩니다. 그래서 어느 추가적인 Pydantic 코드를 여러분이 가지고 있든 작동할 것입니다. + +Pydantic을 기반으로 하는, 데이터베이스를 위한 ORM, ODM을 포함한 외부 라이브러리를 포함합니다. + +이는 모든 것이 자동으로 검증되기 때문에, 많은 경우에서 요청을 통해 얻은 동일한 객체를, **직접 데이터베이스로** 넘겨줄 수 있습니다. + +반대로도 마찬가지이며, 많은 경우에서 여러분은 **직접 클라이언트로** 그저 객체를 넘겨줄 수 있습니다. + +**FastAPI**를 사용하면 (모든 데이터 처리를 위해 FastAPI가 Pydantic을 기반으로 하기 있기에) **Pydantic**의 모든 기능을 얻게 됩니다: + +* **어렵지 않은 언어**: + * 새로운 스키마 정의 마이크로 언어를 배우지 않아도 됩니다. + * 여러분이 파이썬 타입을 안다면, 여러분은 Pydantic을 어떻게 사용하는지 아는 겁니다. +* 여러분의 **IDE/린터/뇌**와 잘 어울립니다: + * Pydantic 데이터 구조는 단순 여러분이 정의한 클래스의 인스턴스이기 때문에, 자동 완성, 린팅, mypy 그리고 여러분의 직관까지 여러분의 검증된 데이터와 올바르게 작동합니다. +* **복잡한 구조**를 검증합니다: + * 계층적인 Pydantic 모델, 파이썬 `typing`의 `List`와 `Dict`, 그 외를 사용합니다. + * 그리고 검증자는 복잡한 데이터 스키마를 명확하고 쉽게 정의 및 확인하며 JSON 스키마로 문서화합니다. + * 여러분은 깊게 **중첩된 JSON** 객체를 가질 수 있으며, 이 객체 모두 검증하고 설명을 붙일 수 있습니다. +* **확장 가능성**: + * Pydantic은 사용자 정의 데이터 타입을 정의할 수 있게 하거나, 검증자 데코레이터가 붙은 모델의 메소드를 사용하여 검증을 확장할 수 있습니다. +* 100% 테스트 범위. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/help/index.md b/docs/ko/docs/help/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fc023071a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/help/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# 도움 + +도움을 주고 받고, 기여하고, 참여합니다. 🤝 diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/index.md b/docs/ko/docs/index.md index ee3edded6..594b092f7 100644 --- a/docs/ko/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/ko/docs/index.md @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ --- -FastAPI는 현대적이고, 빠르며(고성능), 파이썬 표준 타입 힌트에 기초한 Python3.6+의 API를 빌드하기 위한 웹 프레임워크입니다. +FastAPI는 현대적이고, 빠르며(고성능), 파이썬 표준 타입 힌트에 기초한 Python3.8+의 API를 빌드하기 위한 웹 프레임워크입니다. 주요 특징으로: @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ FastAPI는 현대적이고, 빠르며(고성능), 파이썬 표준 타입 힌트 * **직관적**: 훌륭한 편집기 지원. 모든 곳에서 자동완성. 적은 디버깅 시간. * **쉬움**: 쉽게 사용하고 배우도록 설계. 적은 문서 읽기 시간. * **짧음**: 코드 중복 최소화. 각 매개변수 선언의 여러 기능. 적은 버그. -* **견고함**: 준비된 프로덕션 용 코드를 얻으세요. 자동 대화형 문서와 함께. +* **견고함**: 준비된 프로덕션 용 코드를 얻으십시오. 자동 대화형 문서와 함께. * **표준 기반**: API에 대한 (완전히 호환되는) 개방형 표준 기반: OpenAPI (이전에 Swagger로 알려졌던) 및 JSON 스키마. * 내부 개발팀의 프로덕션 애플리케이션을 빌드한 테스트에 근거한 측정 @@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ FastAPI는 현대적이고, 빠르며(고성능), 파이썬 표준 타입 힌트 --- -"_REST API를 만들기 위해 **현대적인 프레임워크**를 찾고 있다면 **FastAPI**를 확인해 보세요. [...] 빠르고, 쓰기 쉽고, 배우기도 쉽습니다 [...]_" +"_REST API를 만들기 위해 **현대적인 프레임워크**를 찾고 있다면 **FastAPI**를 확인해 보십시오. [...] 빠르고, 쓰기 쉽고, 배우기도 쉽습니다 [...]_" -"_우리 **API**를 **FastAPI**로 바꿨습니다 [...] 아마 여러분도 좋아하실 겁니다 [...]_" +"_우리 **API**를 **FastAPI**로 바꿨습니다 [...] 아마 여러분도 좋아하실 것입니다 [...]_"
Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - Explosion AI 설립자 - spaCy 제작자 (ref) - (ref)
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ FastAPI는 현대적이고, 빠르며(고성능), 파이썬 표준 타입 힌트 ## 요구사항 -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.8+ FastAPI는 거인들의 어깨 위에 서 있습니다: @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ $ pip install uvicorn[standard] * `main.py` 파일을 만드십시오: ```Python -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): 여러분의 코드가 `async` / `await`을 사용한다면, `async def`를 사용하십시오. ```Python hl_lines="9 14" -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ async def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` @@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): ### 실행하기 -서버를 실행하세요: +서버를 실행하십시오:
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ INFO: Application startup complete. ### 대화형 API 문서 -이제 http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs로 가보세요. +이제 http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs로 가보십시오. 자동 대화형 API 문서를 볼 수 있습니다 (Swagger UI 제공): @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ INFO: Application startup complete. Pydantic을 이용해 파이썬 표준 타입으로 본문을 선언합니다. ```Python hl_lines="4 9 10 11 12 25 26 27" -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str price: float - is_offer: Optional[bool] = None + is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None @app.get("/") @@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} @@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): 새로운 문법, 특정 라이브러리의 메소드나 클래스 등을 배울 필요가 없습니다. -그저 표준 **Python 3.6+**입니다. +그저 표준 **Python 3.8+** 입니다. 예를 들어, `int`에 대해선: @@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ item: Item 우리는 그저 수박 겉핡기만 했을 뿐인데 여러분은 벌써 어떻게 작동하는지 알고 있습니다. -다음 줄을 바꿔보세요: +다음 줄을 바꿔보십시오: ```Python return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} @@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ item: Item * (Starlette 덕분에) 많은 추가 기능: * **웹 소켓** * **GraphQL** - * `requests` 및 `pytest`에 기반한 극히 쉬운 테스트 + * HTTPX 및 `pytest`에 기반한 극히 쉬운 테스트 * **CORS** * **쿠키 세션** * ...기타 등등. @@ -437,17 +437,15 @@ item: Item Pydantic이 사용하는: -* ujson - 더 빠른 JSON "파싱". * email_validator - 이메일 유효성 검사. Starlette이 사용하는: -* requests - `TestClient`를 사용하려면 필요. -* aiofiles - `FileResponse` 또는 `StaticFiles`를 사용하려면 필요. +* HTTPX - `TestClient`를 사용하려면 필요. * jinja2 - 기본 템플릿 설정을 사용하려면 필요. * python-multipart - `request.form()`과 함께 "parsing"의 지원을 원하면 필요. * itsdangerous - `SessionMiddleware` 지원을 위해 필요. -* pyyaml - Starlette의 `SchemaGenerator` 지원을 위해 필요 (FastAPI와 쓸때는 필요가 없을 겁니다). +* pyyaml - Starlette의 `SchemaGenerator` 지원을 위해 필요 (FastAPI와 쓸때는 필요 없을 것입니다). * graphene - `GraphQLApp` 지원을 위해 필요. * ujson - `UJSONResponse`를 사용하려면 필요. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/learn/index.md b/docs/ko/docs/learn/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7ac3a99b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/learn/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# 배우기 + +여기 **FastAPI**를 배우기 위한 입문 자료와 자습서가 있습니다. + +여러분은 FastAPI를 배우기 위해 **책**, **강의**, **공식 자료** 그리고 추천받은 방법을 고려할 수 있습니다. 😎 diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/python-types.md b/docs/ko/docs/python-types.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..16b93a7a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/python-types.md @@ -0,0 +1,315 @@ +# 파이썬 타입 소개 + +파이썬은 선택적으로 "타입 힌트(type hints)"를 지원합니다. + +이러한 **타입 힌트**들은 변수의 타입을 선언할 수 있게 해주는 특수한 구문입니다. + +변수의 타입을 지정하면 에디터와 툴이 더 많은 도움을 줄 수 있게 됩니다. + +이 문서는 파이썬 타입 힌트에 대한 **빠른 자습서 / 내용환기** 수준의 문서입니다. 여기서는 **FastAPI**를 쓰기 위한 최소한의 내용만을 다룹니다. + +**FastAPI**는 타입 힌트에 기반을 두고 있으며, 이는 많은 장점과 이익이 있습니다. + +비록 **FastAPI**를 쓰지 않는다고 하더라도, 조금이라도 알아두면 도움이 될 것입니다. + +!!! note "참고" + 파이썬에 능숙하셔서 타입 힌트에 대해 모두 아신다면, 다음 챕터로 건너뛰세요. + +## 동기 부여 + +간단한 예제부터 시작해봅시다: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +이 프로그램을 실행한 결과값: + +``` +John Doe +``` + +함수는 아래와 같이 실행됩니다: + +* `first_name`과 `last_name`를 받습니다. +* `title()`로 각 첫 문자를 대문자로 변환시킵니다. +* 두 단어를 중간에 공백을 두고 연결합니다. + +```Python hl_lines="2" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### 코드 수정 + +이건 매우 간단한 프로그램입니다. + +그런데 처음부터 작성한다고 생각을 해봅시다. + +여러분은 매개변수를 준비했고, 함수를 정의하기 시작했을 겁니다. + +이때 "첫 글자를 대문자로 바꾸는 함수"를 호출해야 합니다. + +`upper`였나? 아니면 `uppercase`? `first_uppercase`? `capitalize`? + +그때 개발자들의 오랜 친구, 에디터 자동완성을 시도해봅니다. + +당신은 `first_name`를 입력한 뒤 점(`.`)을 입력하고 자동완성을 켜기 위해서 `Ctrl+Space`를 눌렀습니다. + +하지만 슬프게도 아무런 도움이 되지 않습니다: + + + +### 타입 추가하기 + +이전 버전에서 한 줄만 수정해봅시다. + +저희는 이 함수의 매개변수 부분: + +```Python + first_name, last_name +``` + +을 아래와 같이 바꿀 겁니다: + +```Python + first_name: str, last_name: str +``` + +이게 다입니다. + +이게 "타입 힌트"입니다: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +타입힌트는 다음과 같이 기본 값을 선언하는 것과는 다릅니다: + +```Python + first_name="john", last_name="doe" +``` + +이는 다른 것입니다. + +등호(`=`) 대신 콜론(`:`)을 쓰고 있습니다. + +일반적으로 타입힌트를 추가한다고 해서 특별하게 어떤 일이 일어나지도 않습니다. + +그렇지만 이제, 다시 함수를 만드는 도중이라고 생각해봅시다. 다만 이번엔 타입 힌트가 있습니다. + +같은 상황에서 `Ctrl+Space`로 자동완성을 작동시키면, + + + +아래와 같이 "그렇지!"하는 옵션이 나올때까지 스크롤을 내려서 볼 수 있습니다: + + + +## 더 큰 동기부여 + +아래 함수를 보면, 이미 타입 힌트가 적용되어 있는 걸 볼 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +편집기가 변수의 타입을 알고 있기 때문에, 자동완성 뿐 아니라 에러도 확인할 수 있습니다: + + + +이제 고쳐야하는 걸 알기 때문에, `age`를 `str(age)`과 같이 문자열로 바꾸게 됩니다: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +## 타입 선언 + +방금 함수의 매개변수로써 타입 힌트를 선언하는 주요 장소를 보았습니다. + +이 위치는 여러분이 **FastAPI**와 함께 이를 사용하는 주요 장소입니다. + +### Simple 타입 + +`str`뿐 아니라 모든 파이썬 표준 타입을 선언할 수 있습니다. + +예를 들면: + +* `int` +* `float` +* `bool` +* `bytes` + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +### 타입 매개변수를 활용한 Generic(제네릭) 타입 + +`dict`, `list`, `set`, `tuple`과 같은 값을 저장할 수 있는 데이터 구조가 있고, 내부의 값은 각자의 타입을 가질 수도 있습니다. + +타입과 내부 타입을 선언하기 위해서는 파이썬 표준 모듈인 `typing`을 이용해야 합니다. + +구체적으로는 아래 타입 힌트를 지원합니다. + +#### `List` + +예를 들면, `str`의 `list`인 변수를 정의해봅시다. + +`typing`에서 `List`(대문자 `L`)를 import 합니다. + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +콜론(`:`) 문법을 이용하여 변수를 선언합니다. + +타입으로는 `List`를 넣어줍니다. + +이때 배열은 내부 타입을 포함하는 타입이기 때문에 대괄호 안에 넣어줍니다. + +```Python hl_lines="4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "팁" + 대괄호 안의 내부 타입은 "타입 매개변수(type paramters)"라고 합니다. + + 이번 예제에서는 `str`이 `List`에 들어간 타입 매개변수 입니다. + +이는 "`items`은 `list`인데, 배열에 들어있는 아이템 각각은 `str`이다"라는 뜻입니다. + +이렇게 함으로써, 에디터는 배열에 들어있는 아이템을 처리할때도 도움을 줄 수 있게 됩니다: + + + +타입이 없으면 이건 거의 불가능이나 다름 없습니다. + +변수 `item`은 `items`의 개별 요소라는 사실을 알아두세요. + +그리고 에디터는 계속 `str`라는 사실을 알고 도와줍니다. + +#### `Tuple`과 `Set` + +`tuple`과 `set`도 동일하게 선언할 수 있습니다. + +```Python hl_lines="1 4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +이 뜻은 아래와 같습니다: + +* 변수 `items_t`는, 차례대로 `int`, `int`, `str`인 `tuple`이다. +* 변수 `items_s`는, 각 아이템이 `bytes`인 `set`이다. + +#### `Dict` + +`dict`를 선언하려면 컴마로 구분된 2개의 파라미터가 필요합니다. + +첫 번째 매개변수는 `dict`의 키(key)이고, + +두 번째 매개변수는 `dict`의 값(value)입니다. + +```Python hl_lines="1 4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008.py!} +``` + +이 뜻은 아래와 같습니다: + +* 변수 `prices`는 `dict`이다: + * `dict`의 키(key)는 `str`타입이다. (각 아이템의 이름(name)) + * `dict`의 값(value)는 `float`타입이다. (각 아이템의 가격(price)) + +#### `Optional` + +`str`과 같이 타입을 선언할 때 `Optional`을 쓸 수도 있는데, "선택적(Optional)"이기때문에 `None`도 될 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="1 4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!} +``` + +`Optional[str]`을 `str` 대신 쓰게 되면, 특정 값이 실제로는 `None`이 될 수도 있는데 항상 `str`이라고 가정하는 상황에서 에디터가 에러를 찾게 도와줄 수 있습니다. + +#### Generic(제네릭) 타입 + +이 타입은 대괄호 안에 매개변수를 가지며, 종류는: + +* `List` +* `Tuple` +* `Set` +* `Dict` +* `Optional` +* ...등등 + +위와 같은 타입은 **Generic(제네릭) 타입** 혹은 **Generics(제네릭스)**라고 불립니다. + +### 타입으로서의 클래스 + +변수의 타입으로 클래스를 선언할 수도 있습니다. + +이름(name)을 가진 `Person` 클래스가 있다고 해봅시다. + +```Python hl_lines="1-3" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial010.py!} +``` + +그렇게 하면 변수를 `Person`이라고 선언할 수 있게 됩니다. + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial010.py!} +``` + +그리고 역시나 모든 에디터 도움을 받게 되겠죠. + + + +## Pydantic 모델 + +Pydantic은 데이터 검증(Validation)을 위한 파이썬 라이브러리입니다. + +당신은 속성들을 포함한 클래스 형태로 "모양(shape)"을 선언할 수 있습니다. + +그리고 각 속성은 타입을 가지고 있습니다. + +이 클래스를 활용하여서 값을 가지고 있는 인스턴스를 만들게 되면, 필요한 경우에는 적당한 타입으로 변환까지 시키기도 하여 데이터가 포함된 객체를 반환합니다. + +그리고 결과 객체에 대해서는 에디터의 도움을 받을 수 있게 됩니다. + +Pydantic 공식 문서 예시: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011.py!} +``` + +!!! info "정보" + Pydantic<에 대해 더 배우고 싶다면 공식 문서를 참고하세요. + + +**FastAPI**는 모두 Pydantic을 기반으로 되어 있습니다. + +이 모든 것이 실제로 어떻게 사용되는지에 대해서는 [자습서 - 사용자 안내서](tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 에서 더 많이 확인하실 수 있습니다. + +## **FastAPI**에서의 타입 힌트 + +**FastAPI**는 여러 부분에서 타입 힌트의 장점을 취하고 있습니다. + +**FastAPI**에서 타입 힌트와 함께 매개변수를 선언하면 장점은: + +* **에디터 도움**. +* **타입 확인**. + +...그리고 **FastAPI**는 같은 정의를 아래에도 적용합니다: + +* **요구사항 정의**: 요청 경로 매개변수, 쿼리 매개변수, 헤더, 바디, 의존성 등. +* **데이터 변환**: 요청에서 요구한 타입으로. +* **데이터 검증**: 각 요청마다: + * 데이터가 유효하지 않은 경우에는 **자동으로 에러**를 발생합니다. +* OpenAPI를 활용한 **API 문서화**: + * 자동으로 상호작용하는 유저 인터페이스에 쓰이게 됩니다. + +위 내용이 다소 추상적일 수도 있지만, 걱정마세요. [자습서 - 사용자 안내서](tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}에서 전부 확인 가능합니다. + +가장 중요한 건, 표준 파이썬 타입을 한 곳에서(클래스를 더하거나, 데코레이터 사용하는 대신) 사용함으로써 **FastAPI**가 당신을 위해 많은 일을 해준다는 사실이죠. + +!!! info "정보" + 만약 모든 자습서를 다 보았음에도 타입에 대해서 더 보고자 방문한 경우에는 `mypy`에서 제공하는 "cheat sheet"이 좋은 자료가 될 겁니다. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a951ead16 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +# 백그라운드 작업 + +FastAPI에서는 응답을 반환한 후에 실행할 백그라운드 작업을 정의할 수 있습니다. + +백그라운드 작업은 클라이언트가 응답을 받기 위해 작업이 완료될 때까지 기다릴 필요가 없기 때문에 요청 후에 발생해야하는 작업에 매우 유용합니다. + +이러한 작업에는 다음이 포함됩니다. + +* 작업을 수행한 후 전송되는 이메일 알림 + * 이메일 서버에 연결하고 이메일을 전송하는 것은 (몇 초 정도) "느린" 경향이 있으므로, 응답은 즉시 반환하고 이메일 알림은 백그라운드에서 전송하는 게 가능합니다. +* 데이터 처리: + * 예를 들어 처리에 오랜 시간이 걸리는 데이터를 받았을 때 "Accepted" (HTTP 202)을 반환하고, 백그라운드에서 데이터를 처리할 수 있습니다. + +## `백그라운드 작업` 사용 + +먼저 아래와 같이 `BackgroundTasks`를 임포트하고, `BackgroundTasks`를 _경로 동작 함수_ 에서 매개변수로 가져오고 정의합니다. + +```Python hl_lines="1 13" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +**FastAPI** 는 `BackgroundTasks` 개체를 생성하고, 매개 변수로 전달합니다. + +## 작업 함수 생성 + +백그라운드 작업으로 실행할 함수를 정의합니다. + +이것은 단순히 매개변수를 받을 수 있는 표준 함수일 뿐입니다. + +**FastAPI**는 이것이 `async def` 함수이든, 일반 `def` 함수이든 내부적으로 이를 올바르게 처리합니다. + +이 경우, 아래 작업은 파일에 쓰는 함수입니다. (이메일 보내기 시물레이션) + +그리고 이 작업은 `async`와 `await`를 사용하지 않으므로 일반 `def` 함수로 선언합니다. + +```Python hl_lines="6-9" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## 백그라운드 작업 추가 + +_경로 동작 함수_ 내에서 작업 함수를 `.add_task()` 함수 통해 _백그라운드 작업_ 개체에 전달합니다. + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`.add_task()` 함수는 다음과 같은 인자를 받습니다 : + +- 백그라운드에서 실행되는 작업 함수 (`write_notification`). +- 작업 함수에 순서대로 전달되어야 하는 일련의 인자 (`email`). +- 작업 함수에 전달되어야하는 모든 키워드 인자 (`message="some notification"`). + +## 의존성 주입 + +`BackgroundTasks`를 의존성 주입 시스템과 함께 사용하면 _경로 동작 함수_, 종속성, 하위 종속성 등 여러 수준에서 BackgroundTasks 유형의 매개변수를 선언할 수 있습니다. + +**FastAPI**는 각 경우에 수행할 작업과 동일한 개체를 내부적으로 재사용하기에, 모든 백그라운드 작업이 함께 병합되고 나중에 백그라운드에서 실행됩니다. + +=== "Python 3.6 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="13 15 22 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="11 13 20 23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +이 예제에서는 응답이 반환된 후에 `log.txt` 파일에 메시지가 기록됩니다. + +요청에 쿼리가 있는 경우 백그라운드 작업의 로그에 기록됩니다. + +그리고 _경로 동작 함수_ 에서 생성된 또 다른 백그라운드 작업은 경로 매개 변수를 활용하여 사용하여 메시지를 작성합니다. + +## 기술적 세부사항 + +`BackgroundTasks` 클래스는 `starlette.background`에서 직접 가져옵니다. + +`BackgroundTasks` 클래스는 FastAPI에서 직접 임포트하거나 포함하기 때문에 실수로 `BackgroundTask` (끝에 `s`가 없음)을 임포트하더라도 starlette.background에서 `BackgroundTask`를 가져오는 것을 방지할 수 있습니다. + +(`BackgroundTask`가 아닌) `BackgroundTasks`를 사용하면, _경로 동작 함수_ 매개변수로 사용할 수 있게 되고 나머지는 **FastAPI**가 대신 처리하도록 할 수 있습니다. 이것은 `Request` 객체를 직접 사용하는 것과 같은 방식입니다. + +FastAPI에서 `BackgroundTask`를 단독으로 사용하는 것은 여전히 가능합니다. 하지만 객체를 코드에서 생성하고, 이 객체를 포함하는 Starlette `Response`를 반환해야 합니다. + +`Starlette의 공식 문서`에서 백그라운드 작업에 대한 자세한 내용을 확인할 수 있습니다. + +## 경고 + +만약 무거운 백그라운드 작업을 수행해야하고 동일한 프로세스에서 실행할 필요가 없는 경우 (예: 메모리, 변수 등을 공유할 필요가 없음) `Celery`와 같은 큰 도구를 사용하면 도움이 될 수 있습니다. + +RabbitMQ 또는 Redis와 같은 메시지/작업 큐 시스템 보다 복잡한 구성이 필요한 경향이 있지만, 여러 작업 프로세스를 특히 여러 서버의 백그라운드에서 실행할 수 있습니다. + +예제를 보시려면 [프로젝트 생성기](../project-generation.md){.internal-link target=\_blank} 를 참고하세요. 해당 예제에는 이미 구성된 `Celery`가 포함되어 있습니다. + +그러나 동일한 FastAPI 앱에서 변수 및 개체에 접근해야햐는 작은 백그라운드 수행이 필요한 경우 (예 : 알림 이메일 보내기) 간단하게 `BackgroundTasks`를 사용해보세요. + +## 요약 + +백그라운드 작업을 추가하기 위해 _경로 동작 함수_ 에 매개변수로 `BackgroundTasks`를 가져오고 사용합니다. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..034c2e84c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,170 @@ +# 본문 - 다중 매개변수 + +지금부터 `Path`와 `Query`를 어떻게 사용하는지 확인하겠습니다. + +요청 본문 선언에 대한 심화 사용법을 알아보겠습니다. + +## `Path`, `Query` 및 본문 매개변수 혼합 + +당연하게 `Path`, `Query` 및 요청 본문 매개변수 선언을 자유롭게 혼합해서 사용할 수 있고, **FastAPI**는 어떤 동작을 할지 압니다. + +또한, 기본 값을 `None`으로 설정해 본문 매개변수를 선택사항으로 선언할 수 있습니다. + +```Python hl_lines="19-21" +{!../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "참고" + 이 경우에는 본문으로 부터 가져온 ` item`은 기본값이 `None`이기 때문에, 선택사항이라는 점을 유의해야 합니다. + +## 다중 본문 매개변수 + +이전 예제에서 보듯이, *경로 동작*은 아래와 같이 `Item` 속성을 가진 JSON 본문을 예상합니다: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 +} +``` + +하지만, 다중 본문 매개변수 역시 선언할 수 있습니다. 예. `item`과 `user`: + +```Python hl_lines="22" +{!../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +이 경우에, **FastAPI**는 이 함수 안에 한 개 이상의 본문 매개변수(Pydantic 모델인 두 매개변수)가 있다고 알 것입니다. + +그래서, 본문의 매개변수 이름을 키(필드 명)로 사용할 수 있고, 다음과 같은 본문을 예측합니다: + +```JSON +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + }, + "user": { + "username": "dave", + "full_name": "Dave Grohl" + } +} +``` + +!!! note "참고" + 이전과 같이 `item`이 선언 되었더라도, 본문 내의 `item` 키가 있을 것이라고 예측합니다. + +FastAPI는 요청을 자동으로 변환해, 매개변수의 `item`과 `user`를 특별한 내용으로 받도록 할 것입니다. + +복합 데이터의 검증을 수행하고 OpenAPI 스키마 및 자동 문서를 문서화합니다. + +## 본문 내의 단일 값 + +쿼리 및 경로 매개변수에 대한 추가 데이터를 정의하는 `Query`와 `Path`와 같이, **FastAPI**는 동등한 `Body`를 제공합니다. + +예를 들어 이전의 모델을 확장하면, `item`과 `user`와 동일한 본문에 또 다른 `importance`라는 키를 갖도록 할 수있습니다. + +단일 값을 그대로 선언한다면, **FastAPI**는 쿼리 매개변수로 가정할 것입니다. + +하지만, **FastAPI**의 `Body`를 사용해 다른 본문 키로 처리하도록 제어할 수 있습니다: + + +```Python hl_lines="23" +{!../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +이 경우에는 **FastAPI**는 본문을 이와 같이 예측할 것입니다: + + +```JSON +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + }, + "user": { + "username": "dave", + "full_name": "Dave Grohl" + }, + "importance": 5 +} +``` + +다시 말해, 데이터 타입, 검증, 문서 등을 변환합니다. + +## 다중 본문 매개변수와 쿼리 + +당연히, 필요할 때마다 추가적인 쿼리 매개변수를 선언할 수 있고, 이는 본문 매개변수에 추가됩니다. + +기본적으로 단일 값은 쿼리 매개변수로 해석되므로, 명시적으로 `Query`를 추가할 필요가 없고, 아래처럼 할 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="27" +{!../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +이렇게: + +```Python +q: Optional[str] = None +``` + +!!! info "정보" + `Body` 또한 `Query`, `Path` 그리고 이후에 볼 다른 것들처럼 동일한 추가 검증과 메타데이터 매개변수를 갖고 있습니다. + +## 단일 본문 매개변수 삽입하기 + +Pydantic 모델 `Item`의 `item`을 본문 매개변수로 오직 한개만 갖고있다고 하겠습니다. + +기본적으로 **FastAPI**는 직접 본문으로 예측할 것입니다. + +하지만, 만약 모델 내용에 `item `키를 가진 JSON으로 예측하길 원한다면, 추가적인 본문 매개변수를 선언한 것처럼 `Body`의 특별한 매개변수인 `embed`를 사용할 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="17" +{!../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +아래 처럼: + +```Python +item: Item = Body(..., embed=True) +``` + +이 경우에 **FastAPI**는 본문을 아래 대신에: + +```JSON hl_lines="2" +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 +} +``` + +아래 처럼 예측할 것 입니다: + +```JSON +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + } +} +``` + +## 정리 + +요청이 단 한개의 본문을 가지고 있더라도, *경로 동작 함수*로 다중 본문 매개변수를 추가할 수 있습니다. + +하지만, **FastAPI**는 이를 처리하고, 함수에 올바른 데이터를 제공하며, *경로 동작*으로 올바른 스키마를 검증하고 문서화 합니다. + +또한, 단일 값을 본문의 일부로 받도록 선언할 수 있습니다. + +그리고 **FastAPI**는 단 한개의 매개변수가 선언 되더라도, 본문 내의 키로 삽입 시킬 수 있습니다. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7b41aa35b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md @@ -0,0 +1,243 @@ +# 본문 - 중첩 모델 + +**FastAPI**를 이용하면 (Pydantic 덕분에) 단독으로 깊이 중첩된 모델을 정의, 검증, 문서화하며 사용할 수 있습니다. +## 리스트 필드 + +어트리뷰트를 서브타입으로 정의할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어 파이썬 `list`는: + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +이는 `tags`를 항목 리스트로 만듭니다. 각 항목의 타입을 선언하지 않더라도요. + +## 타입 매개변수가 있는 리스트 필드 + +하지만 파이썬은 내부의 타입이나 "타입 매개변수"를 선언할 수 있는 특정 방법이 있습니다: + +### typing의 `List` 임포트 + +먼저, 파이썬 표준 `typing` 모듈에서 `List`를 임포트합니다: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +### 타입 매개변수로 `List` 선언 + +`list`, `dict`, `tuple`과 같은 타입 매개변수(내부 타입)를 갖는 타입을 선언하려면: + +* `typing` 모듈에서 임포트 +* 대괄호를 사용하여 "타입 매개변수"로 내부 타입 전달: `[` 및 `]` + +```Python +from typing import List + +my_list: List[str] +``` + +이 모든 것은 타입 선언을 위한 표준 파이썬 문법입니다. + +내부 타입을 갖는 모델 어트리뷰트에 대해 동일한 표준 문법을 사용하세요. + +마찬가지로 예제에서 `tags`를 구체적으로 "문자열의 리스트"로 만들 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## 집합 타입 + +그런데 생각해보니 태그는 반복되면 안 돼고, 고유한(Unique) 문자열이어야 할 것 같습니다. + +그리고 파이썬은 집합을 위한 특별한 데이터 타입 `set`이 있습니다. + +그렇다면 `Set`을 임포트 하고 `tags`를 `str`의 `set`으로 선언할 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="1 14" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +덕분에 중복 데이터가 있는 요청을 수신하더라도 고유한 항목들의 집합으로 변환됩니다. + +그리고 해당 데이터를 출력 할 때마다 소스에 중복이 있더라도 고유한 항목들의 집합으로 출력됩니다. + +또한 그에 따라 주석이 생기고 문서화됩니다. + +## 중첩 모델 + +Pydantic 모델의 각 어트리뷰트는 타입을 갖습니다. + +그런데 해당 타입 자체로 또다른 Pydantic 모델의 타입이 될 수 있습니다. + +그러므로 특정한 어트리뷰트의 이름, 타입, 검증을 사용하여 깊게 중첩된 JSON "객체"를 선언할 수 있습니다. + +모든 것이 단독으로 중첩됩니다. + +### 서브모델 정의 + +예를 들어, `Image` 모델을 선언할 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="9-11" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +### 서브모듈을 타입으로 사용 + +그리고 어트리뷰트의 타입으로 사용할 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="20" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +이는 **FastAPI**가 다음과 유사한 본문을 기대한다는 것을 의미합니다: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2, + "tags": ["rock", "metal", "bar"], + "image": { + "url": "http://example.com/baz.jpg", + "name": "The Foo live" + } +} +``` + +다시 한번, **FastAPI**를 사용하여 해당 선언을 함으로써 얻는 것은: + +* 중첩 모델도 편집기 지원(자동완성 등) +* 데이터 변환 +* 데이터 검증 +* 자동 문서화 + +## 특별한 타입과 검증 + +`str`, `int`, `float` 등과 같은 단일 타입과는 별개로, `str`을 상속하는 더 복잡한 단일 타입을 사용할 수 있습니다. + +모든 옵션을 보려면, Pydantic's exotic types 문서를 확인하세요. 다음 장에서 몇가지 예제를 볼 수 있습니다. + +예를 들어 `Image` 모델 안에 `url` 필드를 `str` 대신 Pydantic의 `HttpUrl`로 선언할 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="4 10" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +이 문자열이 유효한 URL인지 검사하고 JSON 스키마/OpenAPI로 문서화 됩니다. + +## 서브모델 리스트를 갖는 어트리뷰트 + +`list`, `set` 등의 서브타입으로 Pydantic 모델을 사용할 수도 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="20" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +아래와 같은 JSON 본문으로 예상(변환, 검증, 문서화 등을)합니다: + +```JSON hl_lines="11" +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2, + "tags": [ + "rock", + "metal", + "bar" + ], + "images": [ + { + "url": "http://example.com/baz.jpg", + "name": "The Foo live" + }, + { + "url": "http://example.com/dave.jpg", + "name": "The Baz" + } + ] +} +``` + +!!! info "정보" + `images` 키가 어떻게 이미지 객체 리스트를 갖는지 주목하세요. + +## 깊게 중첩된 모델 + +단독으로 깊게 중첩된 모델을 정의할 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="9 14 20 23 27" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +!!! info "정보" + `Offer`가 선택사항 `Image` 리스트를 차례로 갖는 `Item` 리스트를 어떻게 가지고 있는지 주목하세요 + +## 순수 리스트의 본문 + +예상되는 JSON 본문의 최상위 값이 JSON `array`(파이썬 `list`)면, Pydantic 모델에서와 마찬가지로 함수의 매개변수에서 타입을 선언할 수 있습니다: + +```Python +images: List[Image] +``` + +이를 아래처럼: + +```Python hl_lines="15" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial008.py!} +``` + +## 어디서나 편집기 지원 + +그리고 어디서나 편집기 지원을 받을수 있습니다. + +리스트 내부 항목의 경우에도: + + + +Pydantic 모델 대신에 `dict`를 직접 사용하여 작업할 경우, 이러한 편집기 지원을 받을수 없습니다. + +하지만 수신한 딕셔너리가 자동으로 변환되고 출력도 자동으로 JSON으로 변환되므로 걱정할 필요는 없습니다. + +## 단독 `dict`의 본문 + +일부 타입의 키와 다른 타입의 값을 사용하여 `dict`로 본문을 선언할 수 있습니다. + +(Pydantic을 사용한 경우처럼) 유효한 필드/어트리뷰트 이름이 무엇인지 알 필요가 없습니다. + +아직 모르는 키를 받으려는 경우 유용합니다. + +--- + +다른 유용한 경우는 다른 타입의 키를 가질 때입니다. 예. `int`. + +여기서 그 경우를 볼 것입니다. + +이 경우, `float` 값을 가진 `int` 키가 있는 모든 `dict`를 받아들입니다: + +```Python hl_lines="15" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "팁" + JSON은 오직 `str`형 키만 지원한다는 것을 염두에 두세요. + + 하지만 Pydantic은 자동 데이터 변환이 있습니다. + + 즉, API 클라이언트가 문자열을 키로 보내더라도 해당 문자열이 순수한 정수를 포함하는한 Pydantic은 이를 변환하고 검증합니다. + + 그러므로 `weights`로 받은 `dict`는 실제로 `int` 키와 `float` 값을 가집니다. + +## 요약 + +**FastAPI**를 사용하면 Pydantic 모델이 제공하는 최대 유연성을 확보하면서 코드를 간단하고 짧게, 그리고 우아하게 유지할 수 있습니다. + +물론 아래의 이점도 있습니다: + +* 편집기 지원 (자동완성이 어디서나!) +* 데이터 변환 (일명 파싱/직렬화) +* 데이터 검증 +* 스키마 문서화 +* 자동 문서 diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/body.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/body.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..931728572 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/body.md @@ -0,0 +1,213 @@ +# 요청 본문 + +클라이언트(브라우저라고 해봅시다)로부터 여러분의 API로 데이터를 보내야 할 때, **요청 본문**으로 보냅니다. + +**요청** 본문은 클라이언트에서 API로 보내지는 데이터입니다. **응답** 본문은 API가 클라이언트로 보내는 데이터입니다. + +여러분의 API는 대부분의 경우 **응답** 본문을 보내야 합니다. 하지만 클라이언트는 **요청** 본문을 매 번 보낼 필요가 없습니다. + +**요청** 본문을 선언하기 위해서 모든 강력함과 이점을 갖춘 Pydantic 모델을 사용합니다. + +!!! 정보 + 데이터를 보내기 위해, (좀 더 보편적인) `POST`, `PUT`, `DELETE` 혹은 `PATCH` 중에 하나를 사용하는 것이 좋습니다. + + `GET` 요청에 본문을 담아 보내는 것은 명세서에 정의되지 않은 행동입니다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 이 방식은 아주 복잡한/극한의 사용 상황에서만 FastAPI에 의해 지원됩니다. + + `GET` 요청에 본문을 담는 것은 권장되지 않기에, Swagger UI같은 대화형 문서에서는 `GET` 사용시 담기는 본문에 대한 문서를 표시하지 않으며, 중간에 있는 프록시는 이를 지원하지 않을 수도 있습니다. + +## Pydantic의 `BaseModel` 임포트 + +먼저 `pydantic`에서 `BaseModel`를 임포트해야 합니다: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="2" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +## 여러분의 데이터 모델 만들기 + +`BaseModel`를 상속받은 클래스로 여러분의 데이터 모델을 선언합니다. + +모든 어트리뷰트에 대해 표준 파이썬 타입을 사용합니다: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="5-9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7-11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +쿼리 매개변수를 선언할 때와 같이, 모델 어트리뷰트가 기본 값을 가지고 있어도 이는 필수가 아닙니다. 그외에는 필수입니다. 그저 `None`을 사용하여 선택적으로 만들 수 있습니다. + +예를 들면, 위의 이 모델은 JSON "`object`" (혹은 파이썬 `dict`)을 다음과 같이 선언합니다: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "선택적인 설명란", + "price": 45.2, + "tax": 3.5 +} +``` + +...`description`과 `tax`는 (기본 값이 `None`으로 되어 있어) 선택적이기 때문에, 이 JSON "`object`"는 다음과 같은 상황에서도 유효합니다: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "price": 45.2 +} +``` + +## 매개변수로서 선언하기 + +여러분의 *경로 작동*에 추가하기 위해, 경로 매개변수 그리고 쿼리 매개변수에서 선언했던 것과 같은 방식으로 선언하면 됩니다. + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +...그리고 만들어낸 모델인 `Item`으로 타입을 선언합니다. + +## 결과 + +위에서의 단순한 파이썬 타입 선언으로, **FastAPI**는 다음과 같이 동작합니다: + +* 요청의 본문을 JSON으로 읽어 들입니다. +* (필요하다면) 대응되는 타입으로 변환합니다. +* 데이터를 검증합니다. + * 만약 데이터가 유효하지 않다면, 정확히 어떤 것이 그리고 어디에서 데이터가 잘 못 되었는지 지시하는 친절하고 명료한 에러를 반환할 것입니다. +* 매개변수 `item`에 포함된 수신 데이터를 제공합니다. + * 함수 내에서 매개변수를 `Item` 타입으로 선언했기 때문에, 모든 어트리뷰트와 그에 대한 타입에 대한 편집기 지원(완성 등)을 또한 받을 수 있습니다. +* 여러분의 모델을 위한 JSON 스키마 정의를 생성합니다. 여러분의 프로젝트에 적합하다면 여러분이 사용하고 싶은 곳 어디에서나 사용할 수 있습니다. +* 이러한 스키마는, 생성된 OpenAPI 스키마 일부가 될 것이며, 자동 문서화 UI에 사용됩니다. + +## 자동 문서화 + +모델의 JSON 스키마는 생성된 OpenAPI 스키마에 포함되며 대화형 API 문서에 표시됩니다: + + + +이를 필요로 하는 각각의 *경로 작동*내부의 API 문서에도 사용됩니다: + + + +## 편집기 지원 + +편집기에서, 함수 내에서 타입 힌트와 완성을 어디서나 (만약 Pydantic model 대신에 `dict`을 받을 경우 나타나지 않을 수 있습니다) 받을 수 있습니다: + + + +잘못된 타입 연산에 대한 에러 확인도 받을 수 있습니다: + + + +단순한 우연이 아닙니다. 프레임워크 전체가 이러한 디자인을 중심으로 설계되었습니다. + +그 어떤 실행 전에, 모든 편집기에서 작동할 수 있도록 보장하기 위해 설계 단계에서 혹독하게 테스트되었습니다. + +이를 지원하기 위해 Pydantic 자체에서 몇몇 변경점이 있었습니다. + +이전 스크린샷은 Visual Studio Code를 찍은 것입니다. + +하지만 똑같은 편집기 지원을 PyCharm에서 받을 수 있거나, 대부분의 다른 편집기에서도 받을 수 있습니다: + + + +!!! 팁 + 만약 PyCharm를 편집기로 사용한다면, Pydantic PyCharm Plugin을 사용할 수 있습니다. + + 다음 사항을 포함해 Pydantic 모델에 대한 편집기 지원을 향상시킵니다: + + * 자동 완성 + * 타입 확인 + * 리팩토링 + * 검색 + * 점검 + +## 모델 사용하기 + +함수 안에서 모델 객체의 모든 어트리뷰트에 직접 접근 가능합니다: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +## 요청 본문 + 경로 매개변수 + +경로 매개변수와 요청 본문을 동시에 선언할 수 있습니다. + +**FastAPI**는 경로 매개변수와 일치하는 함수 매개변수가 **경로에서 가져와야 한다**는 것을 인지하며, Pydantic 모델로 선언된 그 함수 매개변수는 **요청 본문에서 가져와야 한다**는 것을 인지할 것입니다. + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="15-16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17-18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +## 요청 본문 + 경로 + 쿼리 매개변수 + +**본문**, **경로** 그리고 **쿼리** 매개변수 모두 동시에 선언할 수도 있습니다. + +**FastAPI**는 각각을 인지하고 데이터를 옳바른 위치에 가져올 것입니다. + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +함수 매개변수는 다음을 따라서 인지하게 됩니다: + +* 만약 매개변수가 **경로**에도 선언되어 있다면, 이는 경로 매개변수로 사용될 것입니다. +* 만약 매개변수가 (`int`, `float`, `str`, `bool` 등과 같은) **유일한 타입**으로 되어있으면, **쿼리** 매개변수로 해석될 것입니다. +* 만약 매개변수가 **Pydantic 모델** 타입으로 선언되어 있으면, 요청 **본문**으로 해석될 것입니다. + +!!! 참고 + FastAPI는 `q`의 값이 필요없음을 알게 될 것입니다. 기본 값이 `= None`이기 때문입니다. + + `Union[str, None]`에 있는 `Union`은 FastAPI에 의해 사용된 것이 아니지만, 편집기로 하여금 더 나은 지원과 에러 탐지를 지원할 것입니다. + +## Pydantic없이 + +만약 Pydantic 모델을 사용하고 싶지 않다면, **Body** 매개변수를 사용할 수도 있습니다. [Body - 다중 매개변수: 본문에 있는 유일한 값](body-multiple-params.md#singular-values-in-body){.internal-link target=_blank} 문서를 확인하세요. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/cors.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/cors.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..39e9ea83f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/cors.md @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +# 교차 출처 리소스 공유 + +CORS 또는 "교차-출처 리소스 공유"란, 브라우저에서 동작하는 프론트엔드가 자바스크립트로 코드로 백엔드와 통신하고, 백엔드는 해당 프론트엔드와 다른 "출처"에 존재하는 상황을 의미합니다. + +## 출처 + +출처란 프로토콜(`http` , `https`), 도메인(`myapp.com`, `localhost`, `localhost.tiangolo.com` ), 그리고 포트(`80`, `443`, `8080` )의 조합을 의미합니다. + +따라서, 아래는 모두 상이한 출처입니다: + +* `http://localhost` +* `https://localhost` +* `http://localhost:8080` + +모두 `localhost` 에 있지만, 서로 다른 프로토콜과 포트를 사용하고 있으므로 다른 "출처"입니다. + +## 단계 + +브라우저 내 `http://localhost:8080`에서 동작하는 프론트엔드가 있고, 자바스크립트는 `http://localhost`를 통해 백엔드와 통신한다고 가정해봅시다(포트를 명시하지 않는 경우, 브라우저는 `80` 을 기본 포트로 간주합니다). + +그러면 브라우저는 백엔드에 HTTP `OPTIONS` 요청을 보내고, 백엔드에서 이 다른 출처(`http://localhost:8080`)와의 통신을 허가하는 적절한 헤더를 보내면, 브라우저는 프론트엔드의 자바스크립트가 백엔드에 요청을 보낼 수 있도록 합니다. + +이를 위해, 백엔드는 "허용된 출처(allowed origins)" 목록을 가지고 있어야만 합니다. + +이 경우, 프론트엔드가 제대로 동작하기 위해 `http://localhost:8080`을 목록에 포함해야 합니다. + +## 와일드카드 + +모든 출처를 허용하기 위해 목록을 `"*"` ("와일드카드")로 선언하는 것도 가능합니다. + +하지만 이것은 특정한 유형의 통신만을 허용하며, 쿠키 및 액세스 토큰과 사용되는 인증 헤더(Authoriztion header) 등이 포함된 경우와 같이 자격 증명(credentials)이 포함된 통신은 허용되지 않습니다. + +따라서 모든 작업을 의도한대로 실행하기 위해, 허용되는 출처를 명시적으로 지정하는 것이 좋습니다. + +## `CORSMiddleware` 사용 + +`CORSMiddleware` 을 사용하여 **FastAPI** 응용 프로그램의 교차 출처 리소스 공유 환경을 설정할 수 있습니다. + +* `CORSMiddleware` 임포트. +* 허용되는 출처(문자열 형식)의 리스트 생성. +* FastAPI 응용 프로그램에 "미들웨어(middleware)"로 추가. + +백엔드에서 다음의 사항을 허용할지에 대해 설정할 수도 있습니다: + +* 자격증명 (인증 헤더, 쿠키 등). +* 특정한 HTTP 메소드(`POST`, `PUT`) 또는 와일드카드 `"*"` 를 사용한 모든 HTTP 메소드. +* 특정한 HTTP 헤더 또는 와일드카드 `"*"` 를 사용한 모든 HTTP 헤더. + +```Python hl_lines="2 6-11 13-19" +{!../../../docs_src/cors/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`CORSMiddleware` 에서 사용하는 기본 매개변수는 제한적이므로, 브라우저가 교차-도메인 상황에서 특정한 출처, 메소드, 헤더 등을 사용할 수 있도록 하려면 이들을 명시적으로 허용해야 합니다. + +다음의 인자들이 지원됩니다: + +* `allow_origins` - 교차-출처 요청을 보낼 수 있는 출처의 리스트입니다. 예) `['https://example.org', 'https://www.example.org']`. 모든 출처를 허용하기 위해 `['*']` 를 사용할 수 있습니다. +* `allow_origin_regex` - 교차-출처 요청을 보낼 수 있는 출처를 정규표현식 문자열로 나타냅니다. `'https://.*\.example\.org'`. +* `allow_methods` - 교차-출처 요청을 허용하는 HTTP 메소드의 리스트입니다. 기본값은 `['GET']` 입니다. `['*']` 을 사용하여 모든 표준 메소드들을 허용할 수 있습니다. +* `allow_headers` - 교차-출처를 지원하는 HTTP 요청 헤더의 리스트입니다. 기본값은 `[]` 입니다. 모든 헤더들을 허용하기 위해 `['*']` 를 사용할 수 있습니다. `Accept`, `Accept-Language`, `Content-Language` 그리고 `Content-Type` 헤더는 CORS 요청시 언제나 허용됩니다. +* `allow_credentials` - 교차-출처 요청시 쿠키 지원 여부를 설정합니다. 기본값은 `False` 입니다. 또한 해당 항목을 허용할 경우 `allow_origins` 는 `['*']` 로 설정할 수 없으며, 출처를 반드시 특정해야 합니다. +* `expose_headers` - 브라우저에 접근할 수 있어야 하는 모든 응답 헤더를 가리킵니다. 기본값은 `[]` 입니다. +* `max_age` - 브라우저가 CORS 응답을 캐시에 저장하는 최대 시간을 초 단위로 설정합니다. 기본값은 `600` 입니다. + +미들웨어는 두가지 특정한 종류의 HTTP 요청에 응답합니다... + +### CORS 사전 요청 + +`Origin` 및 `Access-Control-Request-Method` 헤더와 함께 전송하는 모든 `OPTIONS` 요청입니다. + +이 경우 미들웨어는 들어오는 요청을 가로채 적절한 CORS 헤더와, 정보 제공을 위한 `200` 또는 `400` 응답으로 응답합니다. + +### 단순한 요청 + +`Origin` 헤더를 가진 모든 요청. 이 경우 미들웨어는 요청을 정상적으로 전달하지만, 적절한 CORS 헤더를 응답에 포함시킵니다. + +## 더 많은 정보 + +CORS에 대한 더 많은 정보를 알고싶다면, Mozilla CORS 문서를 참고하기 바랍니다. + +!!! note "기술적 세부 사항" + `from starlette.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware` 역시 사용할 수 있습니다. + + **FastAPI**는 개발자인 당신의 편의를 위해 `fastapi.middleware` 에서 몇가지의 미들웨어를 제공합니다. 하지만 대부분의 미들웨어가 Stralette으로부터 직접 제공됩니다. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bbf3a8283 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md @@ -0,0 +1,244 @@ +# 의존성으로서의 클래스 + +**의존성 주입** 시스템에 대해 자세히 살펴보기 전에 이전 예제를 업그레이드 해보겠습니다. + +## 이전 예제의 `딕셔너리` + +이전 예제에서, 우리는 의존성(의존 가능한) 함수에서 `딕셔너리`객체를 반환하고 있었습니다: + +=== "파이썬 3.6 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "파이썬 3.10 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +우리는 *경로 작동 함수*의 매개변수 `commons`에서 `딕셔너리` 객체를 얻습니다. + +그리고 우리는 에디터들이 `딕셔너리` 객체의 키나 밸류의 자료형을 알 수 없기 때문에 자동 완성과 같은 기능을 제공해 줄 수 없다는 것을 알고 있습니다. + +더 나은 방법이 있을 것 같습니다... + +## 의존성으로 사용 가능한 것 + +지금까지 함수로 선언된 의존성을 봐왔습니다. + +아마도 더 일반적이기는 하겠지만 의존성을 선언하는 유일한 방법은 아닙니다. + +핵심 요소는 의존성이 "호출 가능"해야 한다는 것입니다 + +파이썬에서의 "**호출 가능**"은 파이썬이 함수처럼 "호출"할 수 있는 모든 것입니다. + +따라서, 만약 당신이 `something`(함수가 아닐 수도 있음) 객체를 가지고 있고, + +```Python +something() +``` + +또는 + +```Python +something(some_argument, some_keyword_argument="foo") +``` + +상기와 같은 방식으로 "호출(실행)" 할 수 있다면 "호출 가능"이 됩니다. + +## 의존성으로서의 클래스 + +파이썬 클래스의 인스턴스를 생성하기 위해 사용하는 것과 동일한 문법을 사용한다는 걸 알 수 있습니다. + +예를 들어: + +```Python +class Cat: + def __init__(self, name: str): + self.name = name + + +fluffy = Cat(name="Mr Fluffy") +``` + +이 경우에 `fluffy`는 클래스 `Cat`의 인스턴스입니다. 그리고 우리는 `fluffy`를 만들기 위해서 `Cat`을 "호출"했습니다. + +따라서, 파이썬 클래스는 **호출 가능**합니다. + +그래서 **FastAPI**에서는 파이썬 클래스를 의존성으로 사용할 수 있습니다. + +FastAPI가 실질적으로 확인하는 것은 "호출 가능성"(함수, 클래스 또는 다른 모든 것)과 정의된 매개변수들입니다. + +"호출 가능"한 것을 의존성으로서 **FastAPI**에 전달하면, 그 "호출 가능"한 것의 매개변수들을 분석한 후 이를 *경로 동작 함수*를 위한 매개변수와 동일한 방식으로 처리합니다. 하위-의존성 또한 같은 방식으로 처리합니다. + +매개변수가 없는 "호출 가능"한 것 역시 매개변수가 없는 *경로 동작 함수*와 동일한 방식으로 적용됩니다. + +그래서, 우리는 위 예제에서의 `common_paramenters` 의존성을 클래스 `CommonQueryParams`로 바꿀 수 있습니다. + +=== "파이썬 3.6 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="11-15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "파이썬 3.10 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +클래스의 인스턴스를 생성하는 데 사용되는 `__init__` 메서드에 주목하기 바랍니다: + +=== "파이썬 3.6 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "파이썬 3.10 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +...이전 `common_parameters`와 동일한 매개변수를 가집니다: + +=== "파이썬 3.6 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "파이썬 3.10 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="6" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +이 매개변수들은 **FastAPI**가 의존성을 "해결"하기 위해 사용할 것입니다 + +함수와 클래스 두 가지 방식 모두, 아래 요소를 갖습니다: + +* `문자열`이면서 선택사항인 쿼리 매개변수 `q`. +* 기본값이 `0`이면서 `정수형`인 쿼리 매개변수 `skip` +* 기본값이 `100`이면서 `정수형`인 쿼리 매개변수 `limit` + +두 가지 방식 모두, 데이터는 변환, 검증되고 OpenAPI 스키마에 문서화됩니다. + +## 사용해봅시다! + +이제 아래의 클래스를 이용해서 의존성을 정의할 수 있습니다. + +=== "파이썬 3.6 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "파이썬 3.10 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +**FastAPI**는 `CommonQueryParams` 클래스를 호출합니다. 이것은 해당 클래스의 "인스턴스"를 생성하고 그 인스턴스는 함수의 매개변수 `commons`로 전달됩니다. + +## 타입 힌팅 vs `Depends` + +위 코드에서 `CommonQueryParams`를 두 번 작성한 방식에 주목하십시오: + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +마지막 `CommonQueryParams` 변수를 보면: + +```Python +... = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +... **FastAPI**가 실제로 어떤 것이 의존성인지 알기 위해서 사용하는 방법입니다. +FastAPI는 선언된 매개변수들을 추출할 것이고 실제로 이 변수들을 호출할 것입니다. + +--- + +이 경우에, 첫번째 `CommonQueryParams` 변수를 보면: + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams ... +``` + +... **FastAPI**는 `CommonQueryParams` 변수에 어떠한 특별한 의미도 부여하지 않습니다. FastAPI는 이 변수를 데이터 변환, 검증 등에 활용하지 않습니다. (활용하려면 `= Depends(CommonQueryParams)`를 사용해야 합니다.) + +사실 아래와 같이 작성해도 무관합니다: + +```Python +commons = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +..전체적인 코드는 아래와 같습니다: + +=== "파이썬 3.6 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "파이썬 3.10 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +그러나 자료형을 선언하면 에디터가 매개변수 `commons`로 전달될 것이 무엇인지 알게 되고, 이를 통해 코드 완성, 자료형 확인 등에 도움이 될 수 있으므로 권장됩니다. + + + +## 코드 단축 + +그러나 여기 `CommonQueryParams`를 두 번이나 작성하는, 코드 반복이 있다는 것을 알 수 있습니다: + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +**FastAPI**는 *특히* 의존성이 **FastAPI**가 클래스 자체의 인스턴스를 생성하기 위해 "호출"하는 클래스인 경우, 조금 더 쉬운 방법을 제공합니다. + +이러한 특정한 경우에는 아래처럼 사용할 수 있습니다: + +이렇게 쓰는 것 대신: + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +...이렇게 쓸 수 있습니다.: + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends() +``` + +의존성을 매개변수의 타입으로 선언하는 경우 `Depends(CommonQueryParams)`처럼 클래스 이름 전체를 *다시* 작성하는 대신, 매개변수를 넣지 않은 `Depends()`의 형태로 사용할 수 있습니다. + +아래에 같은 예제가 있습니다: + +=== "파이썬 3.6 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "파이썬 3.10 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +...이렇게 코드를 단축하여도 **FastAPI**는 무엇을 해야하는지 알고 있습니다. + +!!! tip "팁" + 만약 이것이 도움이 되기보다 더 헷갈리게 만든다면, 잊어버리십시오. 이것이 반드시 필요한 것은 아닙니다. + + 이것은 단지 손쉬운 방법일 뿐입니다. 왜냐하면 **FastAPI**는 코드 반복을 최소화할 수 있는 방법을 고민하기 때문입니다. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/dependencies/index.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/dependencies/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d5d113860 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/dependencies/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,353 @@ +# 의존성 + +**FastAPI**는 아주 강력하지만 직관적인 **의존성 주입** 시스템을 가지고 있습니다. + +이는 사용하기 아주 쉽게 설계했으며, 어느 개발자나 다른 컴포넌트와 **FastAPI**를 쉽게 통합할 수 있도록 만들었습니다. + +## "의존성 주입"은 무엇입니까? + +**"의존성 주입"**은 프로그래밍에서 여러분의 코드(이 경우, 경로 동작 함수)가 작동하고 사용하는 데 필요로 하는 것, 즉 "의존성"을 선언할 수 있는 방법을 의미합니다. + +그 후에, 시스템(이 경우 FastAPI)은 여러분의 코드가 요구하는 의존성을 제공하기 위해 필요한 모든 작업을 처리합니다.(의존성을 "주입"합니다) + +이는 여러분이 다음과 같은 사항을 필요로 할 때 매우 유용합니다: + +* 공용된 로직을 가졌을 경우 (같은 코드 로직이 계속 반복되는 경우). +* 데이터베이스 연결을 공유하는 경우. +* 보안, 인증, 역할 요구 사항 등을 강제하는 경우. +* 그리고 많은 다른 사항... + +이 모든 사항을 할 때 코드 반복을 최소화합니다. + +## 첫번째 단계 + +아주 간단한 예제를 봅시다. 너무 간단할 것이기에 지금 당장은 유용하지 않을 수 있습니다. + +하지만 이를 통해 **의존성 주입** 시스템이 어떻게 작동하는지에 중점을 둘 것입니다. + +### 의존성 혹은 "디펜더블" 만들기 + +의존성에 집중해 봅시다. + +*경로 작동 함수*가 가질 수 있는 모든 매개변수를 갖는 단순한 함수입니다: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8-9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8-11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ Annotated가 없는 경우" + + !!! 팁 + 가능하다면 `Annotated`가 달린 버전을 권장합니다. + + ```Python hl_lines="6-7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ Annotated가 없는 경우" + + !!! 팁 + 가능하다면 `Annotated`가 달린 버전을 권장합니다. + + ```Python hl_lines="8-11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +이게 다입니다. + +**단 두 줄입니다**. + +그리고, 이 함수는 여러분의 모든 *경로 작동 함수*가 가지고 있는 것과 같은 형태와 구조를 가지고 있습니다. + +여러분은 이를 "데코레이터"가 없는 (`@app.get("/some-path")`가 없는) *경로 작동 함수*라고 생각할 수 있습니다. + +그리고 여러분이 원하는 무엇이든 반환할 수 있습니다. + +이 경우, 이 의존성은 다음과 같은 경우를 기대합니다: + +* 선택적인 쿼리 매개변수 `q`, `str`을 자료형으로 가집니다. +* 선택적인 쿼리 매개변수 `skip`, `int`를 자료형으로 가지며 기본 값은 `0`입니다. +* 선택적인 쿼리 매개변수 `limit`,`int`를 자료형으로 가지며 기본 값은 `100`입니다. + +그 후 위의 값을 포함한 `dict` 자료형으로 반환할 뿐입니다. + +!!! 정보 + FastAPI는 0.95.0 버전부터 `Annotated`에 대한 지원을 (그리고 이를 사용하기 권장합니다) 추가했습니다. + + 옛날 버전을 가지고 있는 경우, `Annotated`를 사용하려 하면 에러를 맞이하게 될 것입니다. + + `Annotated`를 사용하기 전에 최소 0.95.1로 [FastAPI 버전 업그레이드](../../deployment/versions.md#upgrading-the-fastapi-versions){.internal-link target=_blank}를 확실하게 하세요. + +### `Depends` 불러오기 + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ Annotated가 없는 경우" + + !!! 팁 + 가능하다면 `Annotated`가 달린 버전을 권장합니다. + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ Annotated가 없는 경우" + + !!! 팁 + 가능하다면 `Annotated`가 달린 버전을 권장합니다. + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +### "의존자"에 의존성 명시하기 + +*경로 작동 함수*의 매개변수로 `Body`, `Query` 등을 사용하는 방식과 같이 새로운 매개변수로 `Depends`를 사용합니다: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="13 18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="15 20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="16 21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ Annotated가 없는 경우" + + !!! 팁 + 가능하다면 `Annotated`가 달린 버전을 권장합니다. + + ```Python hl_lines="11 16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ Annotated가 없는 경우" + + !!! 팁 + 가능하다면 `Annotated`가 달린 버전을 권장합니다. + + ```Python hl_lines="15 20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +비록 `Body`, `Query` 등을 사용하는 것과 같은 방식으로 여러분의 함수의 매개변수에 있는 `Depends`를 사용하지만, `Depends`는 약간 다르게 작동합니다. + +`Depends`에 단일 매개변수만 전달했습니다. + +이 매개변수는 함수같은 것이어야 합니다. + +여러분은 직접 **호출하지 않았습니다** (끝에 괄호를 치지 않았습니다), 단지 `Depends()`에 매개변수로 넘겨 줬을 뿐입니다. + +그리고 그 함수는 *경로 작동 함수*가 작동하는 것과 같은 방식으로 매개변수를 받습니다. + +!!! 팁 + 여러분은 다음 장에서 함수를 제외하고서, "다른 것들"이 어떻게 의존성으로 사용되는지 알게 될 것입니다. + +새로운 요청이 도착할 때마다, **FastAPI**는 다음을 처리합니다: + +* 올바른 매개변수를 가진 의존성("디펜더블") 함수를 호출합니다. +* 함수에서 결과를 받아옵니다. +* *경로 작동 함수*에 있는 매개변수에 그 결과를 할당합니다 + +```mermaid +graph TB + +common_parameters(["common_parameters"]) +read_items["/items/"] +read_users["/users/"] + +common_parameters --> read_items +common_parameters --> read_users +``` + +이렇게 하면 공용 코드를 한번만 적어도 되며, **FastAPI**는 *경로 작동*을 위해 이에 대한 호출을 처리합니다. + +!!! 확인 + 특별한 클래스를 만들지 않아도 되며, 이러한 것 혹은 비슷한 종류를 **FastAPI**에 "등록"하기 위해 어떤 곳에 넘겨주지 않아도 됩니다. + + 단순히 `Depends`에 넘겨주기만 하면 되며, **FastAPI**는 나머지를 어찌할지 알고 있습니다. + +## `Annotated`인 의존성 공유하기 + +위의 예제에서 몇몇 작은 **코드 중복**이 있다는 것을 보았을 겁니다. + +`common_parameters()`의존을 사용해야 한다면, 타입 명시와 `Depends()`와 함께 전체 매개변수를 적어야 합니다: + +```Python +commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)] +``` + +하지만 `Annotated`를 사용하고 있기에, `Annotated` 값을 변수에 저장하고 여러 장소에서 사용할 수 있습니다: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12 16 21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_02_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="14 18 23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_02_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="15 19 24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_02_an.py!} + ``` + +!!! 팁 + 이는 그저 표준 파이썬이고 "type alias"라고 부르며 사실 **FastAPI**에 국한되는 것은 아닙니다. + + 하지만, `Annotated`를 포함하여, **FastAPI**가 파이썬 표준을 기반으로 하고 있기에, 이를 여러분의 코드 트릭으로 사용할 수 있습니다. 😎 + +이 의존성은 계속해서 예상한대로 작동할 것이며, **제일 좋은 부분**은 **타입 정보가 보존된다는 것입니다**. 즉 여러분의 편집기가 **자동 완성**, **인라인 에러** 등을 계속해서 제공할 수 있다는 것입니다. `mypy`같은 다른 도구도 마찬가지입니다. + +이는 특히 **많은 *경로 작동***에서 **같은 의존성**을 계속해서 사용하는 **거대 코드 기반**안에서 사용하면 유용할 것입니다. + +## `async`하게, 혹은 `async`하지 않게 + +의존성이 (*경로 작동 함수*에서 처럼 똑같이) **FastAPI**에 의해 호출될 수 있으며, 함수를 정의할 때 동일한 규칙이 적용됩니다. + +`async def`을 사용하거나 혹은 일반적인 `def`를 사용할 수 있습니다. + +그리고 일반적인 `def` *경로 작동 함수* 안에 `async def`로 의존성을 선언할 수 있으며, `async def` *경로 작동 함수* 안에 `def`로 의존성을 선언하는 등의 방법이 있습니다. + +아무 문제 없습니다. **FastAPI**는 무엇을 할지 알고 있습니다. + +!!! 참고 + 잘 모르시겠다면, [Async: *"In a hurry?"*](../../async.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 문서에서 `async`와 `await`에 대해 확인할 수 있습니다. + +## OpenAPI와 통합 + +모든 요청 선언, 검증과 의존성(및 하위 의존성)에 대한 요구 사항은 동일한 OpenAPI 스키마에 통합됩니다. + +따라서 대화형 문서에 이러한 의존성에 대한 모든 정보 역시 포함하고 있습니다: + + + +## 간단한 사용법 + +이를 보면, *경로 작동 함수*는 *경로*와 *작동*이 매칭되면 언제든지 사용되도록 정의되었으며, **FastAPI**는 올바른 매개변수를 가진 함수를 호출하고 해당 요청에서 데이터를 추출합니다. + +사실, 모든 (혹은 대부분의) 웹 프레임워크는 이와 같은 방식으로 작동합니다. + +여러분은 이러한 함수들을 절대 직접 호출하지 않습니다. 프레임워크(이 경우 **FastAPI**)에 의해 호출됩니다. + +의존성 주입 시스템과 함께라면 **FastAPI**에게 여러분의 *경로 작동 함수*가 실행되기 전에 실행되어야 하는 무언가에 여러분의 *경로 작동 함수* 또한 "의존"하고 있음을 알릴 수 있으며, **FastAPI**는 이를 실행하고 결과를 "주입"할 것입니다. + +"의존성 주입"이라는 동일한 아이디어에 대한 다른 일반적인 용어는 다음과 같습니다: + +* 리소스 +* 제공자 +* 서비스 +* 인젝터블 +* 컴포넌트 + +## **FastAPI** 플러그인 + +통합과 "플러그인"은 **의존성 주입** 시스템을 사용하여 구축할 수 있습니다. 하지만 실제로 **"플러그인"을 만들 필요는 없습니다**, 왜냐하면 의존성을 사용함으로써 여러분의 *경로 작동 함수*에 통합과 상호 작용을 무한대로 선언할 수 있기 때문입니다. + +그리고 "말 그대로", 그저 필요로 하는 파이썬 패키지를 임포트하고 단 몇 줄의 코드로 여러분의 API 함수와 통합함으로써, 의존성을 아주 간단하고 직관적인 방법으로 만들 수 있습니다. + +관계형 및 NoSQL 데이터베이스, 보안 등, 이에 대한 예시를 다음 장에서 볼 수 있습니다. + +## **FastAPI** 호환성 + +의존성 주입 시스템의 단순함은 **FastAPI**를 다음과 같은 요소들과 호환할 수 있게 합니다: + +* 모든 관계형 데이터베이스 +* NoSQL 데이터베이스 +* 외부 패키지 +* 외부 API +* 인증 및 권한 부여 시스템 +* API 사용 모니터링 시스템 +* 응답 데이터 주입 시스템 +* 기타 등등. + +## 간편하고 강력하다 + +계층적인 의존성 주입 시스템은 정의하고 사용하기 쉽지만, 여전히 매우 강력합니다. + +여러분은 스스로를 의존하는 의존성을 정의할 수 있습니다. + +끝에는, 계층적인 나무로 된 의존성이 만들어지며, 그리고 **의존성 주입** 시스템은 (하위 의존성도 마찬가지로) 이러한 의존성들을 처리하고 각 단계마다 결과를 제공합니다(주입합니다). + +예를 들면, 여러분이 4개의 API 엔드포인트(*경로 작동*)를 가지고 있다고 해봅시다: + +* `/items/public/` +* `/items/private/` +* `/users/{user_id}/activate` +* `/items/pro/` + +그 다음 각각에 대해 그저 의존성과 하위 의존성을 사용하여 다른 권한 요구 사항을 추가할 수 있을 겁니다: + +```mermaid +graph TB + +current_user(["current_user"]) +active_user(["active_user"]) +admin_user(["admin_user"]) +paying_user(["paying_user"]) + +public["/items/public/"] +private["/items/private/"] +activate_user["/users/{user_id}/activate"] +pro_items["/items/pro/"] + +current_user --> active_user +active_user --> admin_user +active_user --> paying_user + +current_user --> public +active_user --> private +admin_user --> activate_user +paying_user --> pro_items +``` + +## **OpenAPI**와의 통합 + +이 모든 의존성은 각각의 요구사항을 선언하는 동시에, *경로 작동*에 매개변수, 검증 등을 추가합니다. + +**FastAPI**는 이 모든 것을 OpenAPI 스키마에 추가할 것이며, 이를 통해 대화형 문서 시스템에 나타날 것입니다. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/encoder.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/encoder.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8b5fdb8b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/encoder.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +# JSON 호환 가능 인코더 + +데이터 유형(예: Pydantic 모델)을 JSON과 호환된 형태로 반환해야 하는 경우가 있습니다. (예: `dict`, `list` 등) + +예를 들면, 데이터베이스에 저장해야하는 경우입니다. + +이를 위해, **FastAPI** 에서는 `jsonable_encoder()` 함수를 제공합니다. + +## `jsonable_encoder` 사용 + +JSON 호환 가능 데이터만 수신하는 `fake_db` 데이터베이스가 존재한다고 가정하겠습니다. + +예를 들면, `datetime` 객체는 JSON과 호환되는 데이터가 아니므로 이 데이터는 받아들여지지 않습니다. + +따라서 `datetime` 객체는 ISO format 데이터를 포함하는 `str`로 변환되어야 합니다. + +같은 방식으로 이 데이터베이스는 Pydantic 모델(속성이 있는 객체)을 받지 않고, `dict` 만을 받습니다. + +이를 위해 `jsonable_encoder` 를 사용할 수 있습니다. + +Pydantic 모델과 같은 객체를 받고 JSON 호환 가능한 버전으로 반환합니다: + +```Python hl_lines="5 22" +{!../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +이 예시는 Pydantic 모델을 `dict`로, `datetime` 형식을 `str`로 변환합니다. + +이렇게 호출한 결과는 파이썬 표준인 `json.dumps()`로 인코딩 할 수 있습니다. + +길이가 긴 문자열 형태의 JSON 형식(문자열)의 데이터가 들어있는 상황에서는 `str`로 반환하지 않습니다. JSON과 모두 호환되는 값과 하위 값이 있는 Python 표준 데이터 구조 (예: `dict`)를 반환합니다. + +!!! note "참고" + 실제로 `jsonable_encoder`는 **FastAPI** 에서 내부적으로 데이터를 변환하는 데 사용하지만, 다른 많은 곳에서도 이는 유용합니다. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md index a669cb2ba..0eb4d6bd5 100644 --- a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # 첫걸음 -가장 단순한 FastAPI 파일은 다음과 같이 보일 겁니다: +가장 단순한 FastAPI 파일은 다음과 같이 보일 것입니다: ```Python {!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} ``` -위를 `main.py`에 복사합니다. +위 코드를 `main.py`에 복사합니다. 라이브 서버를 실행합니다: @@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ $ uvicorn main:app --reload * `main`: 파일 `main.py` (파이썬 "모듈"). * `app`: `main.py` 내부의 `app = FastAPI()` 줄에서 생성한 오브젝트. - * `--reload`: 코드 변경 후 서버 재시작. 개발에만 사용. + * `--reload`: 코드 변경 시 자동으로 서버 재시작. 개발 시에만 사용. -출력에 아래와 같은 줄이 있습니다: +출력되는 줄들 중에는 아래와 같은 내용이 있습니다: ```hl_lines="4" INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) #### API "스키마" -이 경우, OpenAPI는 API의 스키마를 어떻게 정의하는지 지시하는 규격입니다. +OpenAPI는 API의 스키마를 어떻게 정의하는지 지시하는 규격입니다. 이 스키마 정의는 API 경로, 가능한 매개변수 등을 포함합니다. @@ -87,13 +87,13 @@ INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) #### OpenAPI와 JSON 스키마 -OpenAPI는 API에 대한 API 스키마를 정의합니다. 또한 이 스키마에는 JSON 데이터 스키마의 표준인 **JSON 스키마**를 사용하여 API에서 보내고 받은 데이터의 정의(또는 "스키마")를 포함합니다. +OpenAPI는 당신의 API에 대한 API 스키마를 정의합니다. 또한 이 스키마는 JSON 데이터 스키마의 표준인 **JSON 스키마**를 사용하여 당신의 API가 보내고 받는 데이터의 정의(또는 "스키마")를 포함합니다. #### `openapi.json` 확인 -가공되지 않은 OpenAPI 스키마가 어떻게 생겼는지 궁금하다면, FastAPI는 자동으로 API의 설명과 함께 JSON (스키마)를 생성합니다. +FastAPI는 자동으로 API의 설명과 함께 JSON (스키마)를 생성합니다. -여기에서 직접 볼 수 있습니다: http://127.0.0.1:8000/openapi.json. +가공되지 않은 OpenAPI 스키마가 어떻게 생겼는지 궁금하다면, 여기에서 직접 볼 수 있습니다: http://127.0.0.1:8000/openapi.json. 다음과 같이 시작하는 JSON을 확인할 수 있습니다: @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ OpenAPI 스키마는 포함된 두 개의 대화형 문서 시스템을 제공 그리고 OpenAPI의 모든 것을 기반으로 하는 수십 가지 대안이 있습니다. **FastAPI**로 빌드한 애플리케이션에 이러한 대안을 쉽게 추가 할 수 있습니다. -API와 통신하는 클라이언트를 위해 코드를 자동으로 생성하는 데도 사용할 수 있습니다. 예로 프론트엔드, 모바일, IoT 애플리케이션이 있습니다. +API와 통신하는 클라이언트(프론트엔드, 모바일, IoT 애플리케이션 등)를 위해 코드를 자동으로 생성하는 데도 사용할 수 있습니다. ## 단계별 요약 @@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ API와 통신하는 클라이언트를 위해 코드를 자동으로 생성하 {!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} ``` -`FastAPI`는 API에 대한 모든 기능을 제공하는 파이썬 클래스입니다. +`FastAPI`는 당신의 API를 위한 모든 기능을 제공하는 파이썬 클래스입니다. !!! note "기술 세부사항" `FastAPI`는 `Starlette`를 직접 상속하는 클래스입니다. @@ -147,11 +147,11 @@ API와 통신하는 클라이언트를 위해 코드를 자동으로 생성하 {!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} ``` -여기 있는 `app` 변수는 `FastAPI` 클래스의 "인스턴스"가 됩니다. +여기에서 `app` 변수는 `FastAPI` 클래스의 "인스턴스"가 됩니다. -이것은 모든 API를 생성하기 위한 상호작용의 주요 지점이 될 것입니다. +이것은 당신의 모든 API를 생성하기 위한 상호작용의 주요 지점이 될 것입니다. -이 `app`은 다음 명령에서 `uvicorn`이 참조하고 것과 동일합니다: +이 `app`은 다음 명령에서 `uvicorn`이 참조하고 있는 것과 동일합니다:
@@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ $ uvicorn main:my_awesome_api --reload
-### 3 단계: *경로 동작* 생성 +### 3 단계: *경로 작동* 생성 #### 경로 -여기서 "경로"는 첫 번째 `/`에서 시작하는 URL의 마지막 부분을 나타냅니다. +여기서 "경로"는 첫 번째 `/`부터 시작하는 URL의 뒷부분을 의미합니다. 그러므로 아래와 같은 URL에서: @@ -200,13 +200,13 @@ https://example.com/items/foo ``` !!! info "정보" - "경로"는 일반적으로 "앤드포인트" 또는 "라우트"라고도 불립니다. + "경로"는 일반적으로 "엔드포인트" 또는 "라우트"라고도 불립니다. -API를 빌드하는 동안 "경로"는 "관심사"와 "리소스"를 분리하는 주요 방법입니다. +API를 설계할 때 "경로"는 "관심사"와 "리소스"를 분리하기 위한 주요한 방법입니다. -#### 동작 +#### 작동 -여기서 "동작(Operation)"은 HTTP "메소드" 중 하나를 나타냅니다. +"작동(Operation)"은 HTTP "메소드" 중 하나를 나타냅니다. 다음 중 하나이며: @@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ API를 빌드하는 동안 "경로"는 "관심사"와 "리소스"를 분리하 * `PUT` * `DELETE` -...이국적인 것들도 있습니다: +...흔히 사용되지 않는 것들도 있습니다: * `OPTIONS` * `HEAD` @@ -226,20 +226,20 @@ HTTP 프로토콜에서는 이러한 "메소드"를 하나(또는 이상) 사용 --- -API를 빌드하는 동안 일반적으로 특정 행동을 수행하기 위해 특정 HTTP 메소드를 사용합니다. +API를 설계할 때 일반적으로 특정 행동을 수행하기 위해 특정 HTTP 메소드를 사용합니다. -일반적으로 다음을 사용합니다: +일반적으로 다음과 같습니다: * `POST`: 데이터를 생성하기 위해. * `GET`: 데이터를 읽기 위해. -* `PUT`: 데이터를 업데이트하기 위해. +* `PUT`: 데이터를 수정하기 위해. * `DELETE`: 데이터를 삭제하기 위해. -그래서 OpenAPI에서는 각 HTTP 메소드들을 "동작"이라 부릅니다. +그래서 OpenAPI에서는 각 HTTP 메소드들을 "작동"이라 부릅니다. -이제부터 우리는 메소드를 "**동작**"이라고도 부를겁니다. +우리 역시 이제부터 메소드를 "**작동**"이라고 부를 것입니다. -#### *경로 동작 데코레이터* 정의 +#### *경로 작동 데코레이터* 정의 ```Python hl_lines="6" {!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} @@ -248,26 +248,26 @@ API를 빌드하는 동안 일반적으로 특정 행동을 수행하기 위해 `@app.get("/")`은 **FastAPI**에게 바로 아래에 있는 함수가 다음으로 이동하는 요청을 처리한다는 것을 알려줍니다. * 경로 `/` -* get 동작 사용 +* get 작동 사용 !!! info "`@decorator` 정보" 이 `@something` 문법은 파이썬에서 "데코레이터"라 부릅니다. - 함수 맨 위에 놓습니다. 마치 예쁜 장식용(Decorative) 모자처럼(개인적으로 이 용어가 여기서 유래한거 같습니다). + 마치 예쁜 장식용(Decorative) 모자처럼(개인적으로 이 용어가 여기서 유래한 것 같습니다) 함수 맨 위에 놓습니다. - "데코레이터" 아래 있는 함수를 받고 그걸 이용해 무언가 합니다. + "데코레이터"는 아래 있는 함수를 받아 그것으로 무언가를 합니다. - 우리의 경우, 이 데코레이터는 **FastAPI**에게 아래 함수가 **경로** `/`에 해당하는 `get` **동작**하라고 알려줍니다. + 우리의 경우, 이 데코레이터는 **FastAPI**에게 아래 함수가 **경로** `/`의 `get` **작동**에 해당한다고 알려줍니다. - 이것이 "**경로 동작 데코레이터**"입니다. + 이것이 "**경로 작동 데코레이터**"입니다. -다른 동작도 쓸 수 있습니다: +다른 작동도 사용할 수 있습니다: * `@app.post()` * `@app.put()` * `@app.delete()` -이국적인 것들도 있습니다: +흔히 사용되지 않는 것들도 있습니다: * `@app.options()` * `@app.head()` @@ -275,20 +275,20 @@ API를 빌드하는 동안 일반적으로 특정 행동을 수행하기 위해 * `@app.trace()` !!! tip "팁" - 각 동작(HTTP 메소드)을 원하는 대로 사용해도 됩니다. + 각 작동(HTTP 메소드)을 원하는 대로 사용해도 됩니다. **FastAPI**는 특정 의미를 강제하지 않습니다. - 여기서 정보는 지침서일뿐 요구사항이 아닙니다. + 여기서 정보는 지침서일뿐 강제사항이 아닙니다. - 예를 들어 GraphQL을 사용할때 일반적으로 `POST` 동작만 사용하여 모든 행동을 수행합니다. + 예를 들어 GraphQL을 사용하는 경우, 일반적으로 `POST` 작동만 사용하여 모든 행동을 수행합니다. -### 4 단계: **경로 동작 함수** 정의 +### 4 단계: **경로 작동 함수** 정의 -다음은 우리의 "**경로 동작 함수**"입니다: +다음은 우리의 "**경로 작동 함수**"입니다: * **경로**: 는 `/`입니다. -* **동작**: 은 `get`입니다. +* **작동**: 은 `get`입니다. * **함수**: 는 "데코레이터" 아래에 있는 함수입니다 (`@app.get("/")` 아래). ```Python hl_lines="7" @@ -297,13 +297,13 @@ API를 빌드하는 동안 일반적으로 특정 행동을 수행하기 위해 이것은 파이썬 함수입니다. -`GET` 동작을 사용하여 URL "`/`"에 대한 요청을 받을 때마다 **FastAPI**에 의해 호출됩니다. +URL "`/`"에 대한 `GET` 작동을 사용하는 요청을 받을 때마다 **FastAPI**에 의해 호출됩니다. -위의 경우 `async` 함수입니다. +위의 예시에서 이 함수는 `async`(비동기) 함수입니다. --- -`async def` 대신 일반 함수로 정의할 수 있습니다: +`async def`을 이용하는 대신 일반 함수로 정의할 수 있습니다: ```Python hl_lines="7" {!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial003.py!} @@ -322,12 +322,12 @@ API를 빌드하는 동안 일반적으로 특정 행동을 수행하기 위해 Pydantic 모델을 반환할 수도 있습니다(나중에 더 자세히 살펴봅니다). -JSON으로 자동 변환되는 객체들과 모델들이 많이 있습니다(ORM 등을 포함해서요). 가장 마음에 드는 것을 사용하세요, 이미 지원되고 있을 겁니다. +JSON으로 자동 변환되는 객체들과 모델들(ORM 등을 포함해서)이 많이 있습니다. 가장 마음에 드는 것을 사용하십시오, 이미 지원되고 있을 것입니다. ## 요약 * `FastAPI` 임포트. * `app` 인스턴스 생성. -* (`@app.get("/")`처럼) **경로 동작 데코레이터** 작성. -* (위에 있는 `def root(): ...`처럼) **경로 동작 함수** 작성. +* (`@app.get("/")`처럼) **경로 작동 데코레이터** 작성. +* (위에 있는 `def root(): ...`처럼) **경로 작동 함수** 작성. * (`uvicorn main:app --reload`처럼) 개발 서버 실행. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/header-params.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/header-params.md index 1c46b32ba..484554e97 100644 --- a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/header-params.md +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/header-params.md @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ 타입 정의에서 리스트를 사용하여 이러한 케이스를 정의할 수 있습니다. -중복 헤더의 모든 값을 파이썬 `list`로 수신합니다. +중복 헤더의 모든 값을 파이썬 `list`로 수신합니다. 예를 들어, 두 번 이상 나타날 수 있는 `X-Token`헤더를 선언하려면, 다음과 같이 작성합니다: diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/index.md index a18a9ffc7..94d6dfb92 100644 --- a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/index.md +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ -# 자습서 - 사용자 안내서 - 도입부 +# 자습서 - 사용자 안내서 -이 자습서는 **FastAPI**의 대부분의 기능을 단계별로 사용하는 방법을 보여줍니다. +이 자습서는 단계별로 **FastAPI**의 대부분의 기능에 대해 설명합니다. -각 섹션은 이전 섹션을 기반해서 점진적으로 만들어 졌지만, 주제를 구분하여 구성 되었기 때문에 특정 API 요구사항을 해결하기 위해 어떤 특정 항목이던지 직접 이동할 수 있습니다. +각 섹션은 이전 섹션에 기반하는 순차적인 구조로 작성되었지만, 각 주제로 구분되어 있기 때문에 필요에 따라 특정 섹션으로 바로 이동하여 필요한 내용을 바로 확인할 수 있습니다. -또한 향후 참조가 될 수 있도록 만들어졌습니다. +또한 향후에도 참조 자료로 쓰일 수 있도록 작성되었습니다. -그러므로 다시 돌아와서 정확히 필요한 것을 볼 수 있습니다. +그러므로 필요할 때에 다시 돌아와서 원하는 것을 정확히 찾을 수 있습니다. ## 코드 실행하기 -모든 코드 블록은 복사하고 직접 사용할 수 있습니다(실제로 테스트한 파이썬 파일입니다). +모든 코드 블록은 복사하여 바로 사용할 수 있습니다(실제로 테스트된 파이썬 파일입니다). 예제를 실행하려면 코드를 `main.py` 파일에 복사하고 다음을 사용하여 `uvicorn`을 시작합니다: @@ -28,29 +28,30 @@ $ uvicorn main:app --reload
-코드를 작성하거나 복사, 편집할 때, 로컬에서 실행하는 것을 **강력히 장려**합니다. +코드를 작성하거나 복사, 편집할 때, 로컬 환경에서 실행하는 것을 **강력히 권장**합니다. + +로컬 편집기에서 사용한다면, 모든 타입 검사와 자동완성 등 작성해야 하는 코드가 얼마나 적은지 보면서 FastAPI의 비로소 경험할 수 있습니다. -편집기에서 이렇게 사용하면, 모든 타입 검사, 자동완성 등 작성해야 하는 코드가 얼마나 적은지 보면서 FastAPI의 장점을 실제로 확인할 수 있습니다. --- ## FastAPI 설치 -첫 번째 단계는 FastAPI 설치입니다. +첫 번째 단계는 FastAPI를 설치하는 것입니다. -자습시에는 모든 선택적인 의존성 및 기능을 사용하여 설치할 수 있습니다: +자습시에는 모든 선택적인 의존성 및 기능을 함께 설치하는 것을 추천합니다:
```console -$ pip install fastapi[all] +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" ---> 100% ```
-...코드를 실행하는 서버로 사용할 수 있는 `uvicorn` 역시 포함하고 있습니다. +...이는 코드를 실행하는 서버로 사용할 수 있는 `uvicorn` 또한 포함하고 있습니다. !!! note "참고" 부분적으로 설치할 수도 있습니다. @@ -73,8 +74,8 @@ $ pip install fastapi[all] 이 **자습서 - 사용자 안내서** 다음에 읽을 수 있는 **고급 사용자 안내서**도 있습니다. -**고급 사용자 안내서**는 현재 문서를 기반으로 하고, 동일한 개념을 사용하며, 추가 기능들을 알려줍니다. +**고급 사용자 안내서**는 현재 문서를 기반으로 하고, 동일한 개념을 사용하며, 추가적인 기능들에 대해 설명합니다. -하지만 (지금 읽고 있는) **자습서 - 사용자 안내서**를 먼저 읽는게 좋습니다. +하지만 (지금 읽고 있는) **자습서 - 사용자 안내서**를 먼저 읽는 것을 권장합니다. -**자습서 - 사용자 안내서**만으로 완전한 애플리케이션을 구축한 다음, **고급 사용자 안내서**의 몇 가지 추가 아이디어를 사용하여 필요에 따라 다양한 방식으로 확장할 수 있도록 설계되었습니다. +**자습서 - 사용자 안내서**만으로도 완전한 애플리케이션을 구축할 수 있도록 작성되었으며, 필요에 따라 **고급 사용자 안내서**의 추가적인 아이디어를 적용하여 다양한 방식으로 확장할 수 있습니다. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/middleware.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/middleware.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f35b446a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/middleware.md @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +# 미들웨어 + +미들웨어를 **FastAPI** 응용 프로그램에 추가할 수 있습니다. + +"미들웨어"는 특정 *경로 작동*에 의해 처리되기 전, 모든 **요청**에 대해서 동작하는 함수입니다. 또한 모든 **응답**이 반환되기 전에도 동일하게 동작합니다. + +* 미들웨어는 응용 프로그램으로 오는 **요청**를 가져옵니다. +* **요청** 또는 다른 필요한 코드를 실행 시킬 수 있습니다. +* **요청**을 응용 프로그램의 *경로 작동*으로 전달하여 처리합니다. +* 애플리케이션의 *경로 작업*에서 생성한 **응답**를 받습니다. +* **응답** 또는 다른 필요한 코드를 실행시키는 동작을 할 수 있습니다. +* **응답**를 반환합니다. + +!!! note "기술 세부사항" + 만약 `yield`를 사용한 의존성을 가지고 있다면, 미들웨어가 실행되고 난 후에 exit이 실행됩니다. + + 만약 (나중에 문서에서 다룰) 백그라운드 작업이 있다면, 모든 미들웨어가 실행되고 *난 후에* 실행됩니다. + +## 미들웨어 만들기 + +미들웨어를 작성하기 위해서 함수 상단에 `@app.middleware("http")` 데코레이터를 사용할 수 있습니다. + +미들웨어 함수는 다음 항목들을 받습니다: + +* `request`. +* `request`를 매개변수로 받는 `call_next` 함수. + * 이 함수는 `request`를 해당하는 *경로 작업*으로 전달합니다. + * 그런 다음, *경로 작업*에 의해 생성된 `response` 를 반환합니다. +* `response`를 반환하기 전에 추가로 `response`를 수정할 수 있습니다. + +```Python hl_lines="8-9 11 14" +{!../../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "팁" + 사용자 정의 헤더는 'X-' 접두사를 사용하여 추가할 수 있습니다. + + 그러나 만약 클라이언트의 브라우저에서 볼 수 있는 사용자 정의 헤더를 가지고 있다면, 그것들을 CORS 설정([CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)](cors.md){.internal-link target=_blank})에 Starlette CORS 문서에 명시된 `expose_headers` 매개변수를 이용하여 헤더들을 추가하여야합니다. + +!!! note "기술적 세부사항" + `from starlette.requests import request`를 사용할 수도 있습니다. + + **FastAPI**는 개발자에게 편의를 위해 이를 제공합니다. 그러나 Starlette에서 직접 파생되었습니다. + +### `response`의 전과 후 + +*경로 작동*을 받기 전 `request`와 함께 작동할 수 있는 코드를 추가할 수 있습니다. + +그리고 `response` 또한 생성된 후 반환되기 전에 코드를 추가 할 수 있습니다. + +예를 들어, 요청을 수행하고 응답을 생성하는데 까지 걸린 시간 값을 가지고 있는 `X-Process-Time` 같은 사용자 정의 헤더를 추가할 수 있습니다. + +```Python hl_lines="10 12-13" +{!../../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## 다른 미들웨어 + +미들웨어에 대한 더 많은 정보는 [숙련된 사용자 안내서: 향상된 미들웨어](../advanced/middleware.md){.internal-link target=\_blank}에서 확인할 수 있습니다. + +다음 부분에서 미들웨어와 함께 CORS를 어떻게 다루는지에 대해 확인할 것입니다. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..22aad0421 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +# 경로 동작 설정 + +*경로 작동 데코레이터*를 설정하기 위해서 전달할수 있는 몇 가지 매개변수가 있습니다. + +!!! warning "경고" + 아래 매개변수들은 *경로 작동 함수*가 아닌 *경로 작동 데코레이터*에 직접 전달된다는 사실을 기억하십시오. + +## 응답 상태 코드 + +*경로 작동*의 응답에 사용될 (HTTP) `status_code`를 정의할수 있습니다. + +`404`와 같은 `int`형 코드를 직접 전달할수 있습니다. + +하지만 각 코드의 의미를 모른다면, `status`에 있는 단축 상수들을 사용할수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="3 17" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +각 상태 코드들은 응답에 사용되며, OpenAPI 스키마에 추가됩니다. + +!!! note "기술적 세부사항" + 다음과 같이 임포트하셔도 좋습니다. `from starlette import status`. + + **FastAPI**는 개발자 여러분의 편의를 위해서 `starlette.status`와 동일한 `fastapi.status`를 제공합니다. 하지만 Starlette에서 직접 온 것입니다. + +## 태그 + +(보통 단일 `str`인) `str`로 구성된 `list`와 함께 매개변수 `tags`를 전달하여, `경로 작동`에 태그를 추가할 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="17 22 27" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +전달된 태그들은 OpenAPI의 스키마에 추가되며, 자동 문서 인터페이스에서 사용됩니다: + + + +## 요약과 기술 + +`summary`와 `description`을 추가할 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="20-21" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +## 독스트링으로 만든 기술 + +설명은 보통 길어지고 여러 줄에 걸쳐있기 때문에, *경로 작동* 기술을 함수 독스트링 에 선언할 수 있습니다, 이를 **FastAPI**가 독스트링으로부터 읽습니다. + +마크다운 문법으로 독스트링을 작성할 수 있습니다, 작성된 마크다운 형식의 독스트링은 (마크다운의 들여쓰기를 고려하여) 올바르게 화면에 출력됩니다. + +```Python hl_lines="19-27" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +이는 대화형 문서에서 사용됩니다: + + + +## 응답 기술 + +`response_description` 매개변수로 응답에 관한 설명을 명시할 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="21" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +!!! info "정보" + `response_description`은 구체적으로 응답을 지칭하며, `description`은 일반적인 *경로 작동*을 지칭합니다. + +!!! check "확인" + OpenAPI는 각 *경로 작동*이 응답에 관한 설명을 요구할 것을 명시합니다. + + 따라서, 응답에 관한 설명이 없을경우, **FastAPI**가 자동으로 "성공 응답" 중 하나를 생성합니다. + + + +## 단일 *경로 작동* 지원중단 + +단일 *경로 작동*을 없애지 않고 지원중단을 해야한다면, `deprecated` 매개변수를 전달하면 됩니다. + +```Python hl_lines="16" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +대화형 문서에 지원중단이라고 표시됩니다. + + + +지원중단된 경우와 지원중단 되지 않은 경우에 대한 *경로 작동*이 어떻게 보이는 지 확인하십시오. + + + +## 정리 + +*경로 작동 데코레이터*에 매개변수(들)를 전달함으로 *경로 작동*을 설정하고 메타데이터를 추가할수 있습니다. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cadf543fc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +# 경로 매개변수와 숫자 검증 + +`Query`를 사용하여 쿼리 매개변수에 더 많은 검증과 메타데이터를 선언하는 방법과 동일하게 `Path`를 사용하여 경로 매개변수에 검증과 메타데이터를 같은 타입으로 선언할 수 있습니다. + +## 경로 임포트 + +먼저 `fastapi`에서 `Path`를 임포트합니다: + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## 메타데이터 선언 + +`Query`에 동일한 매개변수를 선언할 수 있습니다. + +예를 들어, `title` 메타데이터 값을 경로 매개변수 `item_id`에 선언하려면 다음과 같이 입력할 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "참고" + 경로 매개변수는 경로의 일부여야 하므로 언제나 필수적입니다. + + 즉, `...`로 선언해서 필수임을 나타내는게 좋습니다. + + 그럼에도 `None`으로 선언하거나 기본값을 지정할지라도 아무 영향을 끼치지 않으며 언제나 필수입니다. + +## 필요한 경우 매개변수 정렬하기 + +`str` 형인 쿼리 매개변수 `q`를 필수로 선언하고 싶다고 해봅시다. + +해당 매개변수에 대해 아무런 선언을 할 필요가 없으므로 `Query`를 정말로 써야할 필요는 없습니다. + +하지만 `item_id` 경로 매개변수는 여전히 `Path`를 사용해야 합니다. + +파이썬은 "기본값"이 없는 값 앞에 "기본값"이 있는 값을 입력하면 불평합니다. + +그러나 매개변수들을 재정렬함으로써 기본값(쿼리 매개변수 `q`)이 없는 값을 처음 부분에 위치 할 수 있습니다. + +**FastAPI**에서는 중요하지 않습니다. 이름, 타입 그리고 선언구(`Query`, `Path` 등)로 매개변수를 감지하며 순서는 신경 쓰지 않습니다. + +따라서 함수를 다음과 같이 선언 할 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## 필요한 경우 매개변수 정렬하기, 트릭 + +`Query`나 아무런 기본값으로도 `q` 경로 매개변수를 선언하고 싶지 않지만 `Path`를 사용하여 경로 매개변수를 `item_id` 다른 순서로 선언하고 싶다면, 파이썬은 이를 위한 작고 특별한 문법이 있습니다. + +`*`를 함수의 첫 번째 매개변수로 전달하세요. + +파이썬은 `*`으로 아무런 행동도 하지 않지만, 따르는 매개변수들은 kwargs로도 알려진 키워드 인자(키-값 쌍)여야 함을 인지합니다. 기본값을 가지고 있지 않더라도 그렇습니다. + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +## 숫자 검증: 크거나 같음 + +`Query`와 `Path`(나중에 볼 다른 것들도)를 사용하여 문자열 뿐만 아니라 숫자의 제약을 선언할 수 있습니다. + +여기서 `ge=1`인 경우, `item_id`는 `1`보다 "크거나(`g`reater) 같은(`e`qual)" 정수형 숫자여야 합니다. + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +## 숫자 검증: 크거나 같음 및 작거나 같음 + +동일하게 적용됩니다: + +* `gt`: 크거나(`g`reater `t`han) +* `le`: 작거나 같은(`l`ess than or `e`qual) + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +## 숫자 검증: 부동소수, 크거나 및 작거나 + +숫자 검증은 `float` 값에도 동작합니다. + +여기에서 ge뿐만 아니라 gt를 선언 할 수있는 것이 중요해집니다. 예를 들어 필요한 경우, 값이 `1`보다 작더라도 반드시 `0`보다 커야합니다. + +즉, `0.5`는 유효한 값입니다. 그러나 `0.0` 또는 `0`은 그렇지 않습니다. + +lt 역시 마찬가지입니다. + +```Python hl_lines="11" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +## 요약 + +`Query`, `Path`(아직 보지 못한 다른 것들도)를 사용하면 [쿼리 매개변수와 문자열 검증](query-params-str-validations.md){.internal-link target=_blank}에서와 마찬가지로 메타데이터와 문자열 검증을 선언할 수 있습니다. + +그리고 숫자 검증 또한 선언할 수 있습니다: + +* `gt`: 크거나(`g`reater `t`han) +* `ge`: 크거나 같은(`g`reater than or `e`qual) +* `lt`: 작거나(`l`ess `t`han) +* `le`: 작거나 같은(`l`ess than or `e`qual) + +!!! info "정보" + `Query`, `Path`, 그리고 나중에게 보게될 것들은 (여러분이 사용할 필요가 없는) 공통 `Param` 클래스의 서브 클래스입니다. + + 그리고 이들 모두는 여태까지 본 추가 검증과 메타데이터의 동일한 모든 매개변수를 공유합니다. + +!!! note "기술 세부사항" + `fastapi`에서 `Query`, `Path` 등을 임포트 할 때, 이것들은 실제로 함수입니다. + + 호출되면 동일한 이름의 클래스의 인스턴스를 반환합니다. + + 즉, 함수인 `Query`를 임포트한 겁니다. 그리고 호출하면 `Query`라는 이름을 가진 클래스의 인스턴스를 반환합니다. + + 편집기에서 타입에 대한 오류를 표시하지 않도록 하기 위해 (클래스를 직접 사용하는 대신) 이러한 함수들이 있습니다. + + 이렇게 하면 오류를 무시하기 위한 사용자 설정을 추가하지 않고도 일반 편집기와 코딩 도구를 사용할 수 있습니다. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-params.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-params.md index ede63f69d..6d5d37352 100644 --- a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-params.md +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/path-params.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # 경로 매개변수 -파이썬 포맷 문자열이 사용하는 동일한 문법으로 "매개변수" 또는 "변수"를 경로에 선언할 수 있습니다: +파이썬의 포맷 문자열 리터럴에서 사용되는 문법을 이용하여 경로 "매개변수" 또는 "변수"를 선언할 수 있습니다: ```Python hl_lines="6-7" {!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial001.py!} @@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ {!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial002.py!} ``` -지금과 같은 경우, `item_id`는 `int`로 선언 되었습니다. +위의 예시에서, `item_id`는 `int`로 선언되었습니다. !!! check "확인" - 이 기능은 함수 내에서 오류 검사, 자동완성 등을 편집기를 지원합니다 + 이 기능은 함수 내에서 오류 검사, 자동완성 등의 편집기 기능을 활용할 수 있게 해줍니다. ## 데이터 변환 @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ ## 데이터 검증 -하지만 브라우저에서 http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo로 이동하면, 멋진 HTTP 오류를 볼 수 있습니다: +하지만 브라우저에서 http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo로 이동하면, HTTP 오류가 잘 뜨는 것을 확인할 수 있습니다: ```JSON { @@ -61,12 +61,12 @@ 경로 매개변수 `item_id`는 `int`가 아닌 `"foo"` 값이기 때문입니다. -`int` 대신 `float`을 전달하면 동일한 오류가 나타납니다: http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/4.2 +`int`가 아닌 `float`을 전달하는 경우에도 동일한 오류가 나타납니다: http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/4.2 !!! check "확인" 즉, 파이썬 타입 선언을 하면 **FastAPI**는 데이터 검증을 합니다. - 오류는 검증을 통과하지 못한 지점도 정확하게 명시합니다. + 오류에는 정확히 어느 지점에서 검증을 통과하지 못했는지 명시됩니다. 이는 API와 상호 작용하는 코드를 개발하고 디버깅하는 데 매우 유용합니다. @@ -77,11 +77,11 @@ !!! check "확인" - 다시 한번, 그저 파이썬 타입 선언을 하기만 하면 **FastAPI**는 자동 대화식 API 문서(Swagger UI 통합)를 제공합니다. + 그저 파이썬 타입 선언을 하기만 하면 **FastAPI**는 자동 대화형 API 문서(Swagger UI)를 제공합니다. - 경로 매개변수는 정수형으로 선언됐음을 주목하세요. + 경로 매개변수가 정수형으로 명시된 것을 확인할 수 있습니다. -## 표준 기반의 이점, 대체 문서화 +## 표준 기반의 이점, 대체 문서 그리고 생성된 스키마는 OpenAPI 표준에서 나온 것이기 때문에 호환되는 도구가 많이 있습니다. @@ -89,53 +89,53 @@ -이와 마찬가지로 호환되는 도구가 많이 있습니다. 다양한 언어에 대한 코드 생성 도구를 포함합니다. +이와 마찬가지로 다양한 언어에 대한 코드 생성 도구를 포함하여 여러 호환되는 도구가 있습니다. ## Pydantic -모든 데이터 검증은 Pydantic에 의해 내부적으로 수행되므로 이로 인한 모든 이점을 얻을 수 있습니다. 여러분은 관리를 잘 받고 있음을 느낄 수 있습니다. +모든 데이터 검증은 Pydantic에 의해 내부적으로 수행되므로 이로 인한 이점을 모두 얻을 수 있습니다. 여러분은 관리를 잘 받고 있음을 느낄 수 있습니다. -`str`, `float`, `bool`과 다른 복잡한 데이터 타입 선언을 할 수 있습니다. +`str`, `float`, `bool`, 그리고 다른 여러 복잡한 데이터 타입 선언을 할 수 있습니다. -이 중 몇 가지는 자습서의 다음 장에서 살펴봅니다. +이 중 몇 가지는 자습서의 다음 장에 설명되어 있습니다. ## 순서 문제 -*경로 동작*을 만들때 고정 경로를 갖고 있는 상황들을 맞닦뜨릴 수 있습니다. +*경로 작동*을 만들때 고정 경로를 갖고 있는 상황들을 맞닥뜨릴 수 있습니다. `/users/me`처럼, 현재 사용자의 데이터를 가져온다고 합시다. 사용자 ID를 이용해 특정 사용자의 정보를 가져오는 경로 `/users/{user_id}`도 있습니다. -*경로 동작*은 순차적으로 평가되기 때문에 `/users/{user_id}` 이전에 `/users/me`를 먼저 선언해야 합니다: +*경로 작동*은 순차적으로 실행되기 때문에 `/users/{user_id}` 이전에 `/users/me`를 먼저 선언해야 합니다: ```Python hl_lines="6 11" {!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial003.py!} ``` -그렇지 않으면 `/users/{user_id}`는 매개변수 `user_id`의 값을 `"me"`라고 "생각하여" `/users/me`도 연결합니다. +그렇지 않으면 `/users/{user_id}`는 `/users/me` 요청 또한 매개변수 `user_id`의 값이 `"me"`인 것으로 "생각하게" 됩니다. ## 사전정의 값 -만약 *경로 매개변수*를 받는 *경로 동작*이 있지만, 유효하고 미리 정의할 수 있는 *경로 매개변수* 값을 원한다면 파이썬 표준 `Enum`을 사용할 수 있습니다. +만약 *경로 매개변수*를 받는 *경로 작동*이 있지만, *경로 매개변수*로 가능한 값들을 미리 정의하고 싶다면 파이썬 표준 `Enum`을 사용할 수 있습니다. ### `Enum` 클래스 생성 `Enum`을 임포트하고 `str`과 `Enum`을 상속하는 서브 클래스를 만듭니다. -`str`을 상속함으로써 API 문서는 값이 `string` 형이어야 하는 것을 알게 되고 제대로 렌더링 할 수 있게 됩니다. +`str`을 상속함으로써 API 문서는 값이 `string` 형이어야 하는 것을 알게 되고 이는 문서에 제대로 표시됩니다. -고정값으로 사용할 수 있는 유효한 클래스 어트리뷰트를 만듭니다: +가능한 값들에 해당하는 고정된 값의 클래스 어트리뷰트들을 만듭니다: ```Python hl_lines="1 6-9" {!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!} ``` !!! info "정보" - 열거형(또는 enums)은 파이썬 버전 3.4 이후로 사용가능합니다. + 열거형(또는 enums)은 파이썬 버전 3.4 이후로 사용 가능합니다. !!! tip "팁" - 혹시 헷갈린다면, "AlexNet", "ResNet", 그리고 "LeNet"은 그저 기계 학습 모델들의 이름입니다. + 혹시 궁금하다면, "AlexNet", "ResNet", 그리고 "LeNet"은 그저 기계 학습 모델들의 이름입니다. ### *경로 매개변수* 선언 @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ ### 문서 확인 -*경로 매개변수*에 사용할 수 있는 값은 미리 정의되어 있으므로 대화형 문서에서 멋지게 표시됩니다: +*경로 매개변수*에 사용할 수 있는 값은 미리 정의되어 있으므로 대화형 문서에서 잘 표시됩니다: @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ #### *열거형 멤버* 비교 -열거체 `ModelName`의 *열거형 멤버*를 비교할 수 있습니다: +열거형 `ModelName`의 *열거형 멤버*를 비교할 수 있습니다: ```Python hl_lines="17" {!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!} @@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ #### *열거형 값* 가져오기 -`model_name.value` 또는 일반적으로 `your_enum_member.value`를 이용하여 실제값(지금의 경우 `str`)을 가져올 수 있습니다: +`model_name.value` 또는 일반적으로 `your_enum_member.value`를 이용하여 실제 값(위 예시의 경우 `str`)을 가져올 수 있습니다: ```Python hl_lines="20" {!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!} @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ #### *열거형 멤버* 반환 -*경로 동작*에서 중첩 JSON 본문(예: `dict`) 역시 *열거형 멤버*를 반환할 수 있습니다. +*경로 작동*에서 *열거형 멤버*를 반환할 수 있습니다. 이는 중첩 JSON 본문(예: `dict`)내의 값으로도 가능합니다. 클라이언트에 반환하기 전에 해당 값(이 경우 문자열)으로 변환됩니다: @@ -195,50 +195,50 @@ ## 경로를 포함하는 경로 매개변수 -`/files/{file_path}`가 있는 *경로 동작*이 있다고 해봅시다. +경로를 포함하는 *경로 작동* `/files/{file_path}`이 있다고 해봅시다. -그런데 여러분은 `home/johndoe/myfile.txt`처럼 *path*에 들어있는 `file_path` 자체가 필요합니다. +그런데 이 경우 `file_path` 자체가 `home/johndoe/myfile.txt`와 같은 경로를 포함해야 합니다. -따라서 해당 파일의 URL은 다음처럼 됩니다: `/files/home/johndoe/myfile.txt`. +이때 해당 파일의 URL은 다음처럼 됩니다: `/files/home/johndoe/myfile.txt`. ### OpenAPI 지원 테스트와 정의가 어려운 시나리오로 이어질 수 있으므로 OpenAPI는 *경로*를 포함하는 *경로 매개변수*를 내부에 선언하는 방법을 지원하지 않습니다. -그럼에도 Starlette의 내부 도구중 하나를 사용하여 **FastAPI**에서는 할 수 있습니다. +그럼에도 Starlette의 내부 도구중 하나를 사용하여 **FastAPI**에서는 이가 가능합니다. -매개변수에 경로가 포함되어야 한다는 문서를 추가하지 않아도 문서는 계속 작동합니다. +문서에 매개변수에 경로가 포함되어야 한다는 정보가 명시되지는 않지만 여전히 작동합니다. ### 경로 변환기 -Starlette에서 직접 옵션을 사용하면 다음과 같은 URL을 사용하여 *path*를 포함하는 *경로 매개변수*를 선언 할 수 있습니다: +Starlette의 옵션을 직접 이용하여 다음과 같은 URL을 사용함으로써 *path*를 포함하는 *경로 매개변수*를 선언할 수 있습니다: ``` /files/{file_path:path} ``` -이러한 경우 매개변수의 이름은 `file_path`이고 마지막 부분 `:path`는 매개변수가 *경로*와 일치해야함을 알려줍니다. +이러한 경우 매개변수의 이름은 `file_path`이며, 마지막 부분 `:path`는 매개변수가 *경로*와 일치해야 함을 명시합니다. -그러므로 다음과 같이 사용할 수 있습니다: +따라서 다음과 같이 사용할 수 있습니다: ```Python hl_lines="6" {!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial004.py!} ``` !!! tip "팁" - 매개변수가 `/home/johndoe/myfile.txt`를 갖고 있어 슬래시로 시작(`/`)해야 할 수 있습니다. + 매개변수가 가져야 하는 값이 `/home/johndoe/myfile.txt`와 같이 슬래시로 시작(`/`)해야 할 수 있습니다. 이 경우 URL은: `/files//home/johndoe/myfile.txt`이며 `files`과 `home` 사이에 이중 슬래시(`//`)가 생깁니다. ## 요약 -**FastAPI**과 함께라면 짧고 직관적인 표준 파이썬 타입 선언을 사용하여 다음을 얻을 수 있습니다: +**FastAPI**를 이용하면 짧고 직관적인 표준 파이썬 타입 선언을 사용하여 다음을 얻을 수 있습니다: * 편집기 지원: 오류 검사, 자동완성 등 * 데이터 "파싱" * 데이터 검증 * API 주석(Annotation)과 자동 문서 -위 사항들을 그저 한번에 선언하면 됩니다. +단 한번의 선언만으로 위 사항들을 모두 선언할 수 있습니다. -이는 (원래 성능과는 별개로) 대체 프레임워크와 비교했을 때 **FastAPI**의 주요 가시적 장점일 것입니다. \ No newline at end of file +이는 대체 프레임워크와 비교했을 때 (엄청나게 빠른 성능 외에도) **FastAPI**의 주요한 장점일 것입니다. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7ae100dcc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md @@ -0,0 +1,303 @@ +# 쿼리 매개변수와 문자열 검증 + +**FastAPI**를 사용하면 매개변수에 대한 추가 정보 및 검증을 선언할 수 있습니다. + +이 응용 프로그램을 예로 들어보겠습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +쿼리 매개변수 `q`는 `Optional[str]` 자료형입니다. 즉, `str` 자료형이지만 `None` 역시 될 수 있음을 뜻하고, 실제로 기본값은 `None`이기 때문에 FastAPI는 이 매개변수가 필수가 아니라는 것을 압니다. + +!!! note "참고" + FastAPI는 `q`의 기본값이 `= None`이기 때문에 필수가 아님을 압니다. + + `Optional[str]`에 있는 `Optional`은 FastAPI가 사용하는게 아니지만, 편집기에게 더 나은 지원과 오류 탐지를 제공하게 해줍니다. + +## 추가 검증 + +`q`가 선택적이지만 값이 주어질 때마다 **값이 50 글자를 초과하지 않게** 강제하려 합니다. + +### `Query` 임포트 + +이를 위해 먼저 `fastapi`에서 `Query`를 임포트합니다: + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## 기본값으로 `Query` 사용 + +이제 `Query`를 매개변수의 기본값으로 사용하여 `max_length` 매개변수를 50으로 설정합니다: + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +기본값 `None`을 `Query(None)`으로 바꿔야 하므로, `Query`의 첫 번째 매개변수는 기본값을 정의하는 것과 같은 목적으로 사용됩니다. + +그러므로: + +```Python +q: Optional[str] = Query(None) +``` + +...위 코드는 아래와 동일하게 매개변수를 선택적으로 만듭니다: + +```Python +q: Optional[str] = None +``` + +하지만 명시적으로 쿼리 매개변수를 선언합니다. + +!!! info "정보" + FastAPI는 다음 부분에 관심이 있습니다: + + ```Python + = None + ``` + + 또는: + + ```Python + = Query(None) + ``` + + 그리고 `None`을 사용하여 쿼라 매개변수가 필수적이지 않다는 것을 파악합니다. + + `Optional` 부분은 편집기에게 더 나은 지원을 제공하기 위해서만 사용됩니다. + +또한 `Query`로 더 많은 매개변수를 전달할 수 있습니다. 지금의 경우 문자열에 적용되는 `max_length` 매개변수입니다: + +```Python +q: str = Query(None, max_length=50) +``` + +이는 데이터를 검증할 것이고, 데이터가 유효하지 않다면 명백한 오류를 보여주며, OpenAPI 스키마 *경로 동작*에 매개변수를 문서화 합니다. + +## 검증 추가 + +매개변수 `min_length` 또한 추가할 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +## 정규식 추가 + +매개변수와 일치해야 하는 정규표현식을 정의할 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +이 특정 정규표현식은 전달 받은 매개변수 값을 검사합니다: + +* `^`: 이전에 문자가 없고 뒤따르는 문자로 시작합니다. +* `fixedquery`: 정확히 `fixedquery` 값을 갖습니다. +* `$`: 여기서 끝나고 `fixedquery` 이후로 아무 문자도 갖지 않습니다. + +**"정규표현식"** 개념에 대해 상실감을 느꼈다면 걱정하지 않아도 됩니다. 많은 사람에게 어려운 주제입니다. 아직은 정규표현식 없이도 많은 작업들을 할 수 있습니다. + +하지만 언제든지 가서 배울수 있고, **FastAPI**에서 직접 사용할 수 있다는 사실을 알고 있어야 합니다. + +## 기본값 + +기본값으로 사용하는 첫 번째 인자로 `None`을 전달하듯이, 다른 값을 전달할 수 있습니다. + +`min_length`가 `3`이고, 기본값이 `"fixedquery"`인 쿼리 매개변수 `q`를 선언해봅시다: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +!!! note "참고" + 기본값을 갖는 것만으로 매개변수는 선택적이 됩니다. + +## 필수로 만들기 + +더 많은 검증이나 메타데이터를 선언할 필요가 없는 경우, 다음과 같이 기본값을 선언하지 않고 쿼리 매개변수 `q`를 필수로 만들 수 있습니다: + +```Python +q: str +``` + +아래 대신: + +```Python +q: Optional[str] = None +``` + +그러나 이제 다음과 같이 `Query`로 선언합니다: + +```Python +q: Optional[str] = Query(None, min_length=3) +``` + +그래서 `Query`를 필수값으로 만들어야 할 때면, 첫 번째 인자로 `...`를 사용할 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +!!! info "정보" + 이전에 `...`를 본적이 없다면: 특별한 단일값으로, 파이썬의 일부이며 "Ellipsis"라 부릅니다. + +이렇게 하면 **FastAPI**가 이 매개변수는 필수임을 알 수 있습니다. + +## 쿼리 매개변수 리스트 / 다중값 + +쿼리 매개변수를 `Query`와 함께 명시적으로 선언할 때, 값들의 리스트나 다른 방법으로 여러 값을 받도록 선언 할 수도 있습니다. + +예를 들어, URL에서 여러번 나오는 `q` 쿼리 매개변수를 선언하려면 다음과 같이 작성할 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011.py!} +``` + +아래와 같은 URL을 사용합니다: + +``` +http://localhost:8000/items/?q=foo&q=bar +``` + +여러 `q` *쿼리 매개변수* 값들을 (`foo` 및 `bar`) 파이썬 `list`로 *경로 작동 함수* 내 *함수 매개변수* `q`로 전달 받습니다. + +따라서 해당 URL에 대한 응답은 다음과 같습니다: + +```JSON +{ + "q": [ + "foo", + "bar" + ] +} +``` + +!!! tip "팁" + 위의 예와 같이 `list` 자료형으로 쿼리 매개변수를 선언하려면 `Query`를 명시적으로 사용해야 합니다. 그렇지 않으면 요청 본문으로 해석됩니다. + +대화형 API 문서는 여러 값을 허용하도록 수정 됩니다: + + + +### 쿼리 매개변수 리스트 / 기본값을 사용하는 다중값 + +그리고 제공된 값이 없으면 기본 `list` 값을 정의할 수도 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012.py!} +``` + +아래로 이동한다면: + +``` +http://localhost:8000/items/ +``` + +`q`의 기본값은: `["foo", "bar"]`이며 응답은 다음이 됩니다: + +```JSON +{ + "q": [ + "foo", + "bar" + ] +} +``` + +#### `list` 사용하기 + +`List[str]` 대신 `list`를 직접 사용할 수도 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013.py!} +``` + +!!! note "참고" + 이 경우 FastAPI는 리스트의 내용을 검사하지 않음을 명심하기 바랍니다. + + 예를 들어, `List[int]`는 리스트 내용이 정수인지 검사(및 문서화)합니다. 하지만 `list` 단독일 경우는 아닙니다. + +## 더 많은 메타데이터 선언 + +매개변수에 대한 정보를 추가할 수 있습니다. + +해당 정보는 생성된 OpenAPI에 포함되고 문서 사용자 인터페이스 및 외부 도구에서 사용됩니다. + +!!! note "참고" + 도구에 따라 OpenAPI 지원 수준이 다를 수 있음을 명심하기 바랍니다. + + 일부는 아직 선언된 추가 정보를 모두 표시하지 않을 수 있지만, 대부분의 경우 누락된 기능은 이미 개발 계획이 있습니다. + +`title`을 추가할 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +그리고 `description`도 추가할 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="13" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008.py!} +``` + +## 별칭 매개변수 + +매개변수가 `item-query`이길 원한다고 가정해 봅시다. + +마치 다음과 같습니다: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?item-query=foobaritems +``` + +그러나 `item-query`은 유효한 파이썬 변수 이름이 아닙니다. + +가장 가까운 것은 `item_query`일 겁니다. + +하지만 정확히`item-query`이길 원합니다... + +이럴 경우 `alias`를 선언할 수 있으며, 해당 별칭은 매개변수 값을 찾는 데 사용됩니다: + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009.py!} +``` + +## 매개변수 사용하지 않게 하기 + +이제는 더이상 이 매개변수를 마음에 들어하지 않는다고 가정해 봅시다. + +이 매개변수를 사용하는 클라이언트가 있기 때문에 한동안은 남겨둬야 하지만, 사용되지 않는다(deprecated)고 확실하게 문서에서 보여주고 싶습니다. + +그렇다면 `deprecated=True` 매개변수를 `Query`로 전달합니다: + +```Python hl_lines="18" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010.py!} +``` + +문서가 아래와 같이 보일겁니다: + + + +## 요약 + +매개변수에 검증과 메타데이터를 추가 선언할 수 있습니다. + +제네릭 검증과 메타데이터: + +* `alias` +* `title` +* `description` +* `deprecated` + +특정 문자열 검증: + +* `min_length` +* `max_length` +* `regex` + +예제에서 `str` 값의 검증을 어떻게 추가하는지 살펴보았습니다. + +숫자와 같은 다른 자료형에 대한 검증을 어떻게 선언하는지 확인하려면 다음 장을 확인하기 바랍니다. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/query-params.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/query-params.md index 05f2ff9c9..8c7f9167b 100644 --- a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/query-params.md +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/query-params.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # 쿼리 매개변수 -경로 매개변수의 일부가 아닌 다른 함수 매개변수를 선언할 때, "쿼리" 매개변수로 자동 해석합니다. +경로 매개변수의 일부가 아닌 다른 함수 매개변수를 선언하면 "쿼리" 매개변수로 자동 해석합니다. ```Python hl_lines="9" {!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial001.py!} @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ 쿼리는 URL에서 `?` 후에 나오고 `&`으로 구분되는 키-값 쌍의 집합입니다. -예를 들어, URL에서: +예를 들어, 아래 URL에서: ``` http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10 @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10 URL의 일부이므로 "자연스럽게" 문자열입니다. -하지만 파이썬 타입과 함께 선언할 경우(위 예에서 `int`), 해당 타입으로 변환되고 이에 대해 검증합니다. +하지만 파이썬 타입과 함께 선언할 경우(위 예에서 `int`), 해당 타입으로 변환 및 검증됩니다. 경로 매개변수에 적용된 동일한 프로세스가 쿼리 매개변수에도 적용됩니다: @@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ URL의 일부이므로 "자연스럽게" 문자열입니다. 위 예에서 `skip=0`과 `limit=10`은 기본값을 갖고 있습니다. -그러므로 URL로 이동하면: +그러므로 URL로 이동하는 것은: ``` http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/ ``` -아래로 이동한 것과 같습니다: +아래로 이동하는 것과 같습니다: ``` http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10 @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=20 !!! note "참고" FastAPI는 `q`가 `= None`이므로 선택적이라는 것을 인지합니다. - `Optional[str]`에 있는 `Optional`은 FastAPI(FastAPI는 `str` 부분만 사용합니다)가 사용하는게 아니지만, `Optional[str]`은 편집기에게 코드에서 오류를 찾아낼 수 있게 도와줍니다. + `Union[str, None]`에 있는 `Union`은 FastAPI(FastAPI는 `str` 부분만 사용합니다)가 사용하는게 아니지만, `Union[str, None]`은 편집기에게 코드에서 오류를 찾아낼 수 있게 도와줍니다. ## 쿼리 매개변수 형변환 @@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=yes 특정값을 추가하지 않고 선택적으로 만들기 위해선 기본값을 `None`으로 설정하면 됩니다. -그러나 쿼리 매개변수를 필수로 만들려면 기본값을 선언할 수 없습니다: +그러나 쿼리 매개변수를 필수로 만들려면 단순히 기본값을 선언하지 않으면 됩니다: ```Python hl_lines="6-7" {!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005.py!} @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=yes 여기 쿼리 매개변수 `needy`는 `str`형인 필수 쿼리 매개변수입니다. -브라우저에서 URL을 아래처럼 연다면: +브라우저에서 아래와 같은 URL을 연다면: ``` http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item @@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item?needy=sooooneedy {!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006.py!} ``` -이 경우 3가지 쿼리 매개변수가 있습니다: +위 예시에서는 3가지 쿼리 매개변수가 있습니다: * `needy`, 필수적인 `str`. * `skip`, 기본값이 `0`인 `int`. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/request-files.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/request-files.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..decefe981 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/request-files.md @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ +# 파일 요청 + +`File`을 사용하여 클라이언트가 업로드할 파일들을 정의할 수 있습니다. + +!!! info "정보" + 업로드된 파일을 전달받기 위해 먼저 `python-multipart`를 설치해야합니다. + + 예시) `pip install python-multipart`. + + 업로드된 파일들은 "폼 데이터"의 형태로 전송되기 때문에 이 작업이 필요합니다. + +## `File` 임포트 + +`fastapi` 에서 `File` 과 `UploadFile` 을 임포트 합니다: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## `File` 매개변수 정의 + +`Body` 및 `Form` 과 동일한 방식으로 파일의 매개변수를 생성합니다: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! info "정보" + `File` 은 `Form` 으로부터 직접 상속된 클래스입니다. + + 하지만 `fastapi`로부터 `Query`, `Path`, `File` 등을 임포트 할 때, 이것들은 특별한 클래스들을 반환하는 함수라는 것을 기억하기 바랍니다. + +!!! tip "팁" + File의 본문을 선언할 때, 매개변수가 쿼리 매개변수 또는 본문(JSON) 매개변수로 해석되는 것을 방지하기 위해 `File` 을 사용해야합니다. + +파일들은 "폼 데이터"의 형태로 업로드 됩니다. + +*경로 작동 함수*의 매개변수를 `bytes` 로 선언하는 경우 **FastAPI**는 파일을 읽고 `bytes` 형태의 내용을 전달합니다. + +이것은 전체 내용이 메모리에 저장된다는 것을 의미한다는 걸 염두하기 바랍니다. 이는 작은 크기의 파일들에 적합합니다. + +어떤 경우에는 `UploadFile` 을 사용하는 것이 더 유리합니다. + +## `File` 매개변수와 `UploadFile` + +`File` 매개변수를 `UploadFile` 타입으로 정의합니다: + +```Python hl_lines="12" +{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`UploadFile` 을 사용하는 것은 `bytes` 과 비교해 다음과 같은 장점이 있습니다: + +* "스풀 파일"을 사용합니다. + * 최대 크기 제한까지만 메모리에 저장되며, 이를 초과하는 경우 디스크에 저장됩니다. +* 따라서 이미지, 동영상, 큰 이진코드와 같은 대용량 파일들을 많은 메모리를 소모하지 않고 처리하기에 적합합니다. +* 업로드 된 파일의 메타데이터를 얻을 수 있습니다. +* file-like `async` 인터페이스를 갖고 있습니다. +* file-like object를 필요로하는 다른 라이브러리에 직접적으로 전달할 수 있는 파이썬 `SpooledTemporaryFile` 객체를 반환합니다. + +### `UploadFile` + +`UploadFile` 은 다음과 같은 어트리뷰트가 있습니다: + +* `filename` : 문자열(`str`)로 된 업로드된 파일의 파일명입니다 (예: `myimage.jpg`). +* `content_type` : 문자열(`str`)로 된 파일 형식(MIME type / media type)입니다 (예: `image/jpeg`). +* `file` : `SpooledTemporaryFile` (파일류 객체)입니다. 이것은 "파일류" 객체를 필요로하는 다른 라이브러리에 직접적으로 전달할 수 있는 실질적인 파이썬 파일입니다. + +`UploadFile` 에는 다음의 `async` 메소드들이 있습니다. 이들은 내부적인 `SpooledTemporaryFile` 을 사용하여 해당하는 파일 메소드를 호출합니다. + +* `write(data)`: `data`(`str` 또는 `bytes`)를 파일에 작성합니다. +* `read(size)`: 파일의 바이트 및 글자의 `size`(`int`)를 읽습니다. +* `seek(offset)`: 파일 내 `offset`(`int`) 위치의 바이트로 이동합니다. + * 예) `await myfile.seek(0)` 를 사용하면 파일의 시작부분으로 이동합니다. + * `await myfile.read()` 를 사용한 후 내용을 다시 읽을 때 유용합니다. +* `close()`: 파일을 닫습니다. + +상기 모든 메소드들이 `async` 메소드이기 때문에 “await”을 사용하여야 합니다. + +예를들어, `async` *경로 작동 함수*의 내부에서 다음과 같은 방식으로 내용을 가져올 수 있습니다: + +```Python +contents = await myfile.read() +``` + +만약 일반적인 `def` *경로 작동 함수*의 내부라면, 다음과 같이 `UploadFile.file` 에 직접 접근할 수 있습니다: + +```Python +contents = myfile.file.read() +``` + +!!! note "`async` 기술적 세부사항" + `async` 메소드들을 사용할 때 **FastAPI**는 스레드풀에서 파일 메소드들을 실행하고 그들을 기다립니다. + +!!! note "Starlette 기술적 세부사항" + **FastAPI**의 `UploadFile` 은 **Starlette**의 `UploadFile` 을 직접적으로 상속받지만, **Pydantic** 및 FastAPI의 다른 부분들과의 호환성을 위해 필요한 부분들이 추가되었습니다. + +## "폼 데이터"란 + +HTML의 폼들(`
`)이 서버에 데이터를 전송하는 방식은 대개 데이터에 JSON과는 다른 "특별한" 인코딩을 사용합니다. + +**FastAPI**는 JSON 대신 올바른 위치에서 데이터를 읽을 수 있도록 합니다. + +!!! note "기술적 세부사항" + 폼의 데이터는 파일이 포함되지 않은 경우 일반적으로 "미디어 유형" `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` 을 사용해 인코딩 됩니다. + + 하지만 파일이 포함된 경우, `multipart/form-data`로 인코딩됩니다. `File`을 사용하였다면, **FastAPI**는 본문의 적합한 부분에서 파일을 가져와야 한다는 것을 인지합니다. + + 인코딩과 폼 필드에 대해 더 알고싶다면, POST에 관한MDN웹 문서 를 참고하기 바랍니다,. + +!!! warning "주의" + 다수의 `File` 과 `Form` 매개변수를 한 *경로 작동*에 선언하는 것이 가능하지만, 요청의 본문이 `application/json` 가 아닌 `multipart/form-data` 로 인코딩 되기 때문에 JSON으로 받아야하는 `Body` 필드를 함께 선언할 수는 없습니다. + + 이는 **FastAPI**의 한계가 아니라, HTTP 프로토콜에 의한 것입니다. + +## 다중 파일 업로드 + +여러 파일을 동시에 업로드 할 수 있습니다. + +그들은 "폼 데이터"를 사용하여 전송된 동일한 "폼 필드"에 연결됩니다. + +이 기능을 사용하기 위해 , `bytes` 의 `List` 또는 `UploadFile` 를 선언하기 바랍니다: + +```Python hl_lines="10 15" +{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +선언한대로, `bytes` 의 `list` 또는 `UploadFile` 들을 전송받을 것입니다. + +!!! note "참고" + 2019년 4월 14일부터 Swagger UI가 하나의 폼 필드로 다수의 파일을 업로드하는 것을 지원하지 않습니다. 더 많은 정보를 원하면, #4276과 #3641을 참고하세요. + + 그럼에도, **FastAPI**는 표준 Open API를 사용해 이미 호환이 가능합니다. + + 따라서 Swagger UI 또는 기타 그 외의 OpenAPI를 지원하는 툴이 다중 파일 업로드를 지원하는 경우, 이들은 **FastAPI**와 호환됩니다. + +!!! note "기술적 세부사항" + `from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse` 역시 사용할 수 있습니다. + + **FastAPI**는 개발자의 편의를 위해 `fastapi.responses` 와 동일한 `starlette.responses` 도 제공합니다. 하지만 대부분의 응답들은 Starlette로부터 직접 제공됩니다. + +## 요약 + +폼 데이터로써 입력 매개변수로 업로드할 파일을 선언할 경우 `File` 을 사용하기 바랍니다. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ddf232e7f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +# 폼 및 파일 요청 + +`File` 과 `Form` 을 사용하여 파일과 폼을 함께 정의할 수 있습니다. + +!!! info "정보" + 파일과 폼 데이터를 함께, 또는 각각 업로드하기 위해 먼저 `python-multipart`를 설치해야합니다. + + 예 ) `pip install python-multipart`. + +## `File` 및 `Form` 업로드 + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## `File` 및 `Form` 매개변수 정의 + +`Body` 및 `Query`와 동일한 방식으로 파일과 폼의 매개변수를 생성합니다: + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +파일과 폼 필드는 폼 데이터 형식으로 업로드되어 파일과 폼 필드로 전달됩니다. + +어떤 파일들은 `bytes`로, 또 어떤 파일들은 `UploadFile`로 선언할 수 있습니다. + +!!! warning "주의" + 다수의 `File`과 `Form` 매개변수를 한 *경로 작동*에 선언하는 것이 가능하지만, 요청의 본문이 `application/json`가 아닌 `multipart/form-data`로 인코딩 되기 때문에 JSON으로 받아야하는 `Body` 필드를 함께 선언할 수는 없습니다. + + 이는 **FastAPI**의 한계가 아니라, HTTP 프로토콜에 의한 것입니다. + +## 요약 + +하나의 요청으로 데이터와 파일들을 받아야 할 경우 `File`과 `Form`을 함께 사용하기 바랍니다. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/response-model.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/response-model.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fa90c10ae --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/response-model.md @@ -0,0 +1,210 @@ +# 응답 모델 + +어떤 *경로 동작*이든 매개변수 `response_model`를 사용하여 응답을 위한 모델을 선언할 수 있습니다: + +* `@app.get()` +* `@app.post()` +* `@app.put()` +* `@app.delete()` +* 기타. + +```Python hl_lines="17" +{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "참고" + `response_model`은 "데코레이터" 메소드(`get`, `post`, 등)의 매개변수입니다. 모든 매개변수들과 본문(body)처럼 *경로 동작 함수*가 아닙니다. + +Pydantic 모델 어트리뷰트를 선언한 것과 동일한 타입을 수신하므로 Pydantic 모델이 될 수 있지만, `List[Item]`과 같이 Pydantic 모델들의 `list`일 수도 있습니다. + +FastAPI는 이 `response_model`를 사용하여: + +* 출력 데이터를 타입 선언으로 변환. +* 데이터 검증. +* OpenAPI *경로 동작*의 응답에 JSON 스키마 추가. +* 자동 생성 문서 시스템에 사용. + +하지만 가장 중요한 것은: + +* 해당 모델의 출력 데이터 제한. 이것이 얼마나 중요한지 아래에서 볼 것입니다. + +!!! note "기술 세부사항" + 응답 모델은 함수의 타입 어노테이션 대신 이 매개변수로 선언하는데, 경로 함수가 실제 응답 모델을 반환하지 않고 `dict`, 데이터베이스 객체나 기타 다른 모델을 `response_model`을 사용하여 필드 제한과 직렬화를 수행하고 반환할 수 있기 때문입니다 + +## 동일한 입력 데이터 반환 + +여기서 우리는 평문 비밀번호를 포함하는 `UserIn` 모델을 선언합니다: + +```Python hl_lines="9 11" +{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +그리고 이 모델을 사용하여 입력을 선언하고 같은 모델로 출력을 선언합니다: + +```Python hl_lines="17-18" +{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +이제 브라우저가 비밀번호로 사용자를 만들 때마다 API는 응답으로 동일한 비밀번호를 반환합니다. + +이 경우, 사용자가 스스로 비밀번호를 발신했기 때문에 문제가 되지 않을 수 있습니다. + +그러나 동일한 모델을 다른 *경로 동작*에서 사용할 경우, 모든 클라이언트에게 사용자의 비밀번호를 발신할 수 있습니다. + +!!! danger "위험" + 절대로 사용자의 평문 비밀번호를 저장하거나 응답으로 발신하지 마십시오. + +## 출력 모델 추가 + +대신 평문 비밀번호로 입력 모델을 만들고 해당 비밀번호 없이 출력 모델을 만들 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="9 11 16" +{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +여기서 *경로 동작 함수*가 비밀번호를 포함하는 동일한 입력 사용자를 반환할지라도: + +```Python hl_lines="24" +{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +...`response_model`을 `UserOut` 모델로 선언했기 때문에 비밀번호를 포함하지 않습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="22" +{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +따라서 **FastAPI**는 출력 모델에서 선언하지 않은 모든 데이터를 (Pydantic을 사용하여) 필터링합니다. + +## 문서에서 보기 + +자동 생성 문서를 보면 입력 모델과 출력 모델이 각자의 JSON 스키마를 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있습니다: + + + +그리고 두 모델 모두 대화형 API 문서에 사용됩니다: + + + +## 응답 모델 인코딩 매개변수 + +응답 모델은 아래와 같이 기본값을 가질 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="11 13-14" +{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +* `description: Optional[str] = None`은 기본값으로 `None`을 갖습니다. +* `tax: float = 10.5`는 기본값으로 `10.5`를 갖습니다. +* `tags: List[str] = []` 빈 리스트의 기본값으로: `[]`. + +그러나 실제로 저장되지 않았을 경우 결과에서 값을 생략하고 싶을 수 있습니다. + +예를 들어, NoSQL 데이터베이스에 많은 선택적 속성이 있는 모델이 있지만, 기본값으로 가득 찬 매우 긴 JSON 응답을 보내고 싶지 않습니다. + +### `response_model_exclude_unset` 매개변수 사용 + +*경로 동작 데코레이터* 매개변수를 `response_model_exclude_unset=True`로 설정 할 수 있습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="24" +{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +이러한 기본값은 응답에 포함되지 않고 실제로 설정된 값만 포함됩니다. + +따라서 해당 *경로 동작*에 ID가 `foo`인 항목(items)을 요청으로 보내면 (기본값을 제외한) 응답은 다음과 같습니다: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "price": 50.2 +} +``` + +!!! info "정보" + FastAPI는 이를 위해 Pydantic 모델의 `.dict()`의 `exclude_unset` 매개변수를 사용합니다. + +!!! info "정보" + 아래 또한 사용할 수 있습니다: + + * `response_model_exclude_defaults=True` + * `response_model_exclude_none=True` + + Pydantic 문서에서 `exclude_defaults` 및 `exclude_none`에 대해 설명한 대로 사용할 수 있습니다. + +#### 기본값이 있는 필드를 갖는 값의 데이터 + +하지만 모델의 필드가 기본값이 있어도 ID가 `bar`인 항목(items)처럼 데이터가 값을 갖는다면: + +```Python hl_lines="3 5" +{ + "name": "Bar", + "description": "The bartenders", + "price": 62, + "tax": 20.2 +} +``` + +응답에 해당 값들이 포함됩니다. + +#### 기본값과 동일한 값을 갖는 데이터 + +If the data has the same values as the default ones, like the item with ID `baz`: +ID가 `baz`인 항목(items)처럼 기본값과 동일한 값을 갖는다면: + +```Python hl_lines="3 5-6" +{ + "name": "Baz", + "description": None, + "price": 50.2, + "tax": 10.5, + "tags": [] +} +``` + +`description`, `tax` 그리고 `tags`가 기본값과 같더라도 (기본값에서 가져오는 대신) 값들이 명시적으로 설정되었다는 것을 인지할 정도로 FastAPI는 충분히 똑똑합니다(사실, Pydantic이 충분히 똑똑합니다). + +따라서 JSON 스키마에 포함됩니다. + +!!! tip "팁" + `None` 뿐만 아니라 다른 어떤 것도 기본값이 될 수 있습니다. + + 리스트(`[]`), `float`인 `10.5` 등이 될 수 있습니다. + +### `response_model_include` 및 `response_model_exclude` + +*경로 동작 데코레이터* 매개변수 `response_model_include` 및 `response_model_exclude`를 사용할 수 있습니다. + +이들은 포함(나머지 생략)하거나 제외(나머지 포함) 할 어트리뷰트의 이름과 `str`의 `set`을 받습니다. + +Pydantic 모델이 하나만 있고 출력에서 ​​일부 데이터를 제거하려는 경우 빠른 지름길로 사용할 수 있습니다. + +!!! tip "팁" + 하지만 이러한 매개변수 대신 여러 클래스를 사용하여 위 아이디어를 사용하는 것을 추천합니다. + + 이는 일부 어트리뷰트를 생략하기 위해 `response_model_include` 또는 `response_model_exclude`를 사용하더라도 앱의 OpenAPI(및 문서)가 생성한 JSON 스키마가 여전히 전체 모델에 대한 스키마이기 때문입니다. + + 비슷하게 작동하는 `response_model_by_alias` 역시 마찬가지로 적용됩니다. + +```Python hl_lines="31 37" +{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "팁" + 문법 `{"name", "description"}`은 두 값을 갖는 `set`을 만듭니다. + + 이는 `set(["name", "description"])`과 동일합니다. + +#### `set` 대신 `list` 사용하기 + +`list` 또는 `tuple` 대신 `set`을 사용하는 법을 잊었더라도, FastAPI는 `set`으로 변환하고 정상적으로 작동합니다: + +```Python hl_lines="31 37" +{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +## 요약 + +응답 모델을 정의하고 개인정보가 필터되는 것을 보장하기 위해 *경로 동작 데코레이터*의 매개변수 `response_model`을 사용하세요. + +명시적으로 설정된 값만 반환하려면 `response_model_exclude_unset`을 사용하세요. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f92c057be --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +# 응답 상태 코드 + +응답 모델과 같은 방법으로, 어떤 *경로 작동*이든 `status_code` 매개변수를 사용하여 응답에 대한 HTTP 상태 코드를 선언할 수 있습니다. + +* `@app.get()` +* `@app.post()` +* `@app.put()` +* `@app.delete()` +* 기타 + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "참고" + `status_code` 는 "데코레이터" 메소드(`get`, `post` 등)의 매개변수입니다. 모든 매개변수들과 본문처럼 *경로 작동 함수*가 아닙니다. + +`status_code` 매개변수는 HTTP 상태 코드를 숫자로 입력받습니다. + +!!! info "정보" + `status_code` 는 파이썬의 `http.HTTPStatus` 와 같은 `IntEnum` 을 입력받을 수도 있습니다. + +`status_code` 매개변수는: + +* 응답에서 해당 상태 코드를 반환합니다. +* 상태 코드를 OpenAPI 스키마(및 사용자 인터페이스)에 문서화 합니다. + + + +!!! note "참고" + 어떤 응답 코드들은 해당 응답에 본문이 없다는 것을 의미하기도 합니다 (다음 항목 참고). + + 이에 따라 FastAPI는 응답 본문이 없음을 명시하는 OpenAPI를 생성합니다. + +## HTTP 상태 코드에 대하여 + +!!! note "참고" + 만약 HTTP 상태 코드에 대하여 이미 알고있다면, 다음 항목으로 넘어가십시오. + +HTTP는 세자리의 숫자 상태 코드를 응답의 일부로 전송합니다. + +이 상태 코드들은 각자를 식별할 수 있도록 지정된 이름이 있으나, 중요한 것은 숫자 코드입니다. + +요약하자면: + +* `**1xx**` 상태 코드는 "정보"용입니다. 이들은 직접적으로는 잘 사용되지는 않습니다. 이 상태 코드를 갖는 응답들은 본문을 가질 수 없습니다. +* `**2xx**` 상태 코드는 "성공적인" 응답을 위해 사용됩니다. 가장 많이 사용되는 유형입니다. + * `200` 은 디폴트 상태 코드로, 모든 것이 "성공적임"을 의미합니다. + * 다른 예로는 `201` "생성됨"이 있습니다. 일반적으로 데이터베이스에 새로운 레코드를 생성한 후 사용합니다. + * 단, `204` "내용 없음"은 특별한 경우입니다. 이것은 클라이언트에게 반환할 내용이 없는 경우 사용합니다. 따라서 응답은 본문을 가질 수 없습니다. +* `**3xx**` 상태 코드는 "리다이렉션"용입니다. 본문을 가질 수 없는 `304` "수정되지 않음"을 제외하고, 이 상태 코드를 갖는 응답에는 본문이 있을 수도, 없을 수도 있습니다. +* `**4xx**` 상태 코드는 "클라이언트 오류" 응답을 위해 사용됩니다. 이것은 아마 가장 많이 사용하게 될 두번째 유형입니다. + * 일례로 `404` 는 "찾을 수 없음" 응답을 위해 사용합니다. + * 일반적인 클라이언트 오류의 경우 `400` 을 사용할 수 있습니다. +* `**5xx**` 상태 코드는 서버 오류에 사용됩니다. 이것들을 직접 사용할 일은 거의 없습니다. 응용 프로그램 코드나 서버의 일부에서 문제가 발생하면 자동으로 이들 상태 코드 중 하나를 반환합니다. + +!!! tip "팁" + 각각의 상태 코드와 이들이 의미하는 내용에 대해 더 알고싶다면 MDN HTTP 상태 코드에 관한 문서 를 확인하십시오. + +## 이름을 기억하는 쉬운 방법 + +상기 예시 참고: + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`201` 은 "생성됨"를 의미하는 상태 코드입니다. + +하지만 모든 상태 코드들이 무엇을 의미하는지 외울 필요는 없습니다. + +`fastapi.status` 의 편의 변수를 사용할 수 있습니다. + +```Python hl_lines="1 6" +{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +이것은 단순히 작업을 편리하게 하기 위한 것으로, HTTP 상태 코드와 동일한 번호를 갖고있지만, 이를 사용하면 편집기의 자동완성 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다: + + + +!!! note "기술적 세부사항" + `from starlette import status` 역시 사용할 수 있습니다. + + **FastAPI**는 개발자인 당신의 편의를 위해 `fastapi.status` 와 동일한 `starlette.status` 도 제공합니다. 하지만 이것은 Starlette로부터 직접 제공됩니다. + +## 기본값 변경 + +추후 여기서 선언하는 기본 상태 코드가 아닌 다른 상태 코드를 반환하는 방법을 [숙련된 사용자 지침서](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/ko/advanced/response-change-status-code/){.internal-link target=_blank}에서 확인할 수 있습니다. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/security/get-current-user.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/security/get-current-user.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce944b16d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/security/get-current-user.md @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +# 현재 사용자 가져오기 + +이전 장에서 (의존성 주입 시스템을 기반으로 한)보안 시스템은 *경로 작동 함수*에서 `str`로 `token`을 제공했습니다: + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +그러나 아직도 유용하지 않습니다. + +현재 사용자를 제공하도록 합시다. + +## 유저 모델 생성하기 + +먼저 Pydantic 유저 모델을 만들어 보겠습니다. + +Pydantic을 사용하여 본문을 선언하는 것과 같은 방식으로 다른 곳에서 사용할 수 있습니다. + +=== "파이썬 3.7 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="5 12-16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "파이썬 3.10 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="3 10-14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +## `get_current_user` 의존성 생성하기 + +의존성 `get_current_user`를 만들어 봅시다. + +의존성이 하위 의존성을 가질 수 있다는 것을 기억하십니까? + +`get_current_user`는 이전에 생성한 것과 동일한 `oauth2_scheme`과 종속성을 갖게 됩니다. + +이전에 *경로 동작*에서 직접 수행했던 것과 동일하게 새 종속성 `get_current_user`는 하위 종속성 `oauth2_scheme`에서 `str`로 `token`을 수신합니다. + +=== "파이썬 3.7 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "파이썬 3.10 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +## 유저 가져오기 + +`get_current_user`는 토큰을 `str`로 취하고 Pydantic `User` 모델을 반환하는 우리가 만든 (가짜) 유틸리티 함수를 사용합니다. + +=== "파이썬 3.7 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="19-22 26-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "파이썬 3.10 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="17-20 24-25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +## 현재 유저 주입하기 + +이제 *경로 작동*에서 `get_current_user`와 동일한 `Depends`를 사용할 수 있습니다. + +=== "파이썬 3.7 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="31" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "파이썬 3.10 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="29" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +Pydantic 모델인 `User`로 `current_user`의 타입을 선언하는 것을 알아야 합니다. + +이것은 모든 완료 및 타입 검사를 통해 함수 내부에서 우리를 도울 것입니다. + +!!! 팁 + 요청 본문도 Pydantic 모델로 선언된다는 것을 기억할 것입니다. + + 여기서 **FastAPI**는 `Depends`를 사용하고 있기 때문에 혼동되지 않습니다. + +!!! 확인 + 이 의존성 시스템이 설계된 방식은 모두 `User` 모델을 반환하는 다양한 의존성(다른 "의존적인")을 가질 수 있도록 합니다. + + 해당 타입의 데이터를 반환할 수 있는 의존성이 하나만 있는 것으로 제한되지 않습니다. + +## 다른 모델 + +이제 *경로 작동 함수*에서 현재 사용자를 직접 가져올 수 있으며 `Depends`를 사용하여 **의존성 주입** 수준에서 보안 메커니즘을 처리할 수 있습니다. + +그리고 보안 요구 사항에 대한 모든 모델 또는 데이터를 사용할 수 있습니다(이 경우 Pydantic 모델 `User`). + +그러나 일부 특정 데이터 모델, 클래스 또는 타입을 사용하도록 제한되지 않습니다. + +모델에 `id`와 `email`이 있고 `username`이 없길 원하십니까? 맞습니다. 이들은 동일한 도구를 사용할 수 있습니다. + +`str`만 갖고 싶습니까? 아니면 그냥 `dict`를 갖고 싶습니까? 아니면 데이터베이스 클래스 모델 인스턴스를 직접 갖고 싶습니까? 그들은 모두 같은 방식으로 작동합니다. + +실제로 애플리케이션에 로그인하는 사용자가 없지만 액세스 토큰만 있는 로봇, 봇 또는 기타 시스템이 있습니까? 다시 말하지만 모두 동일하게 작동합니다. + +애플리케이션에 필요한 모든 종류의 모델, 모든 종류의 클래스, 모든 종류의 데이터베이스를 사용하십시오. **FastAPI**는 의존성 주입 시스템을 다루었습니다. + +## 코드 사이즈 + +이 예는 장황해 보일 수 있습니다. 동일한 파일에서 보안, 데이터 모델, 유틸리티 기능 및 *경로 작동*을 혼합하고 있음을 염두에 두십시오. + +그러나 이게 키포인트입니다. + +보안과 종속성 주입 항목을 한 번만 작성하면 됩니다. + +그리고 원하는 만큼 복잡하게 만들 수 있습니다. 그래도 유연성과 함께 한 곳에 한 번에 작성할 수 있습니다. + +그러나 동일한 보안 시스템을 사용하여 수천 개의 엔드포인트(*경로 작동*)를 가질 수 있습니다. + +그리고 그들 모두(또는 원하는 부분)는 이러한 의존성 또는 생성한 다른 의존성을 재사용하는 이점을 얻을 수 있습니다. + +그리고 이 수천 개의 *경로 작동*은 모두 3줄 정도로 줄일 수 있습니다. + +=== "파이썬 3.7 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="30-32" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "파이썬 3.10 이상" + + ```Python hl_lines="28-30" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +## 요약 + +이제 *경로 작동 함수*에서 현재 사용자를 직접 가져올 수 있습니다. + +우리는 이미 이들 사이에 있습니다. + +사용자/클라이언트가 실제로 `username`과 `password`를 보내려면 *경로 작동*을 추가하기만 하면 됩니다. + +다음 장을 확인해 봅시다. diff --git a/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/static-files.md b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/static-files.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fe1aa4e5e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ko/docs/tutorial/static-files.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +# 정적 파일 + +'StaticFiles'를 사용하여 디렉토리에서 정적 파일을 자동으로 제공할 수 있습니다. + +## `StaticFiles` 사용 + +* `StaticFiles` 임포트합니다. +* 특정 경로에 `StaticFiles()` 인스턴스를 "마운트" 합니다. + +```Python hl_lines="2 6" +{!../../../docs_src/static_files/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "기술적 세부사항" + `from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles` 를 사용할 수도 있습니다. + + **FastAPI**는 단지 개발자인, 당신에게 편의를 제공하기 위해 `fastapi.static files` 와 동일한 `starlett.static files`를 제공합니다. 하지만 사실 이것은 Starlett에서 직접 온 것입니다. + +### "마운팅" 이란 + +"마운팅"은 특정 경로에 완전히 "독립적인" 애플리케이션을 추가하는 것을 의미하는데, 그 후 모든 하위 경로에 대해서도 적용됩니다. + +마운트된 응용 프로그램은 완전히 독립적이기 때문에 `APIRouter`를 사용하는 것과는 다릅니다. OpenAPI 및 응용 프로그램의 문서는 마운트된 응용 프로그램 등에서 어떤 것도 포함하지 않습니다. + +자세한 내용은 **숙련된 사용자 안내서**에서 확인할 수 있습니다. + +## 세부사항 + +첫 번째 `"/static"`은 이 "하위 응용 프로그램"이 "마운트"될 하위 경로를 가리킵니다. 따라서 `"/static"`으로 시작하는 모든 경로는 `"/static"`으로 처리됩니다. + +`'directory="static"`은 정적 파일이 들어 있는 디렉토리의 이름을 나타냅니다. + +`name="static"`은 **FastAPI**에서 내부적으로 사용할 수 있는 이름을 제공합니다. + +이 모든 매개변수는 "`static`"과 다를 수 있으며, 사용자 응용 프로그램의 요구 사항 및 구체적인 세부 정보에 따라 매개변수를 조정할 수 있습니다. + + +## 추가 정보 + +자세한 내용과 선택 사항을 보려면 Starlette의 정적 파일에 관한 문서를 확인하십시오. diff --git a/docs/ko/mkdocs.yml b/docs/ko/mkdocs.yml index 0bf1a9713..de18856f4 100644 --- a/docs/ko/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/ko/mkdocs.yml @@ -1,134 +1 @@ -site_name: FastAPI -site_description: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production -site_url: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/ko/ -theme: - name: material - custom_dir: overrides - palette: - - scheme: default - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb - name: Switch to light mode - - scheme: slate - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb-outline - name: Switch to dark mode - features: - - search.suggest - - search.highlight - - content.tabs.link - icon: - repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - logo: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/icon-white.svg - favicon: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png - language: en -repo_name: tiangolo/fastapi -repo_url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi -edit_uri: '' -google_analytics: -- UA-133183413-1 -- auto -plugins: -- search -- markdownextradata: - data: data -nav: -- FastAPI: index.md -- Languages: - - en: / - - az: /az/ - - de: /de/ - - es: /es/ - - fr: /fr/ - - id: /id/ - - it: /it/ - - ja: /ja/ - - ko: /ko/ - - pl: /pl/ - - pt: /pt/ - - ru: /ru/ - - sq: /sq/ - - tr: /tr/ - - uk: /uk/ - - zh: /zh/ -- 자습서 - 사용자 안내서: - - tutorial/index.md - - tutorial/first-steps.md - - tutorial/path-params.md - - tutorial/query-params.md - - tutorial/header-params.md -markdown_extensions: -- toc: - permalink: true -- markdown.extensions.codehilite: - guess_lang: false -- mdx_include: - base_path: docs -- admonition -- codehilite -- extra -- pymdownx.superfences: - custom_fences: - - name: mermaid - class: mermaid - format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' -- pymdownx.tabbed -extra: - social: - - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/discord - link: https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf - - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter - link: https://twitter.com/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin - link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/dev - link: https://dev.to/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/medium - link: https://medium.com/@tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/solid/globe - link: https://tiangolo.com - alternate: - - link: / - name: en - English - - link: /az/ - name: az - - link: /de/ - name: de - - link: /es/ - name: es - español - - link: /fr/ - name: fr - français - - link: /id/ - name: id - - link: /it/ - name: it - italiano - - link: /ja/ - name: ja - 日本語 - - link: /ko/ - name: ko - 한국어 - - link: /pl/ - name: pl - - link: /pt/ - name: pt - português - - link: /ru/ - name: ru - русский язык - - link: /sq/ - name: sq - shqip - - link: /tr/ - name: tr - Türkçe - - link: /uk/ - name: uk - українська мова - - link: /zh/ - name: zh - 汉语 -extra_css: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/termynal.css -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/custom.css -extra_javascript: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/termynal.js -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/custom.js +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/language_names.yml b/docs/language_names.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c5a15ddd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/language_names.yml @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ +aa: Afaraf +ab: аҧсуа бызшәа +ae: avesta +af: Afrikaans +ak: Akan +am: አማርኛ +an: aragonés +ar: اللغة العربية +as: অসমীয়া +av: авар мацӀ +ay: aymar aru +az: azərbaycan dili +ba: башҡорт теле +be: беларуская мова +bg: български език +bh: भोजपुरी +bi: Bislama +bm: bamanankan +bn: বাংলা +bo: བོད་ཡིག +br: brezhoneg +bs: bosanski jezik +ca: Català +ce: нохчийн мотт +ch: Chamoru +co: corsu +cr: ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ +cs: čeština +cu: ѩзыкъ словѣньскъ +cv: чӑваш чӗлхи +cy: Cymraeg +da: dansk +de: Deutsch +dv: Dhivehi +dz: རྫོང་ཁ +ee: Eʋegbe +el: Ελληνικά +en: English +eo: Esperanto +es: español +et: eesti +eu: euskara +fa: فارسی +ff: Fulfulde +fi: suomi +fj: Vakaviti +fo: føroyskt +fr: français +fy: Frysk +ga: Gaeilge +gd: Gàidhlig +gl: galego +gu: ગુજરાતી +gv: Gaelg +ha: هَوُسَ +he: עברית +hi: हिन्दी +ho: Hiri Motu +hr: Hrvatski +ht: Kreyòl ayisyen +hu: magyar +hy: Հայերեն +hz: Otjiherero +ia: Interlingua +id: Bahasa Indonesia +ie: Interlingue +ig: Asụsụ Igbo +ii: ꆈꌠ꒿ Nuosuhxop +ik: Iñupiaq +io: Ido +is: Íslenska +it: italiano +iu: ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ +ja: 日本語 +jv: basa Jawa +ka: ქართული +kg: Kikongo +ki: Gĩkũyũ +kj: Kuanyama +kk: қазақ тілі +kl: kalaallisut +km: ខេមរភាសា +kn: ಕನ್ನಡ +ko: 한국어 +kr: Kanuri +ks: कश्मीरी +ku: Kurdî +kv: коми кыв +kw: Kernewek +ky: Кыргызча +la: latine +lb: Lëtzebuergesch +lg: Luganda +li: Limburgs +ln: Lingála +lo: ພາສາ +lt: lietuvių kalba +lu: Tshiluba +lv: latviešu valoda +mg: fiteny malagasy +mh: Kajin M̧ajeļ +mi: te reo Māori +mk: македонски јазик +ml: മലയാളം +mn: Монгол хэл +mr: मराठी +ms: Bahasa Malaysia +mt: Malti +my: ဗမာစာ +na: Ekakairũ Naoero +nb: Norsk bokmål +nd: isiNdebele +ne: नेपाली +ng: Owambo +nl: Nederlands +nn: Norsk nynorsk +'no': Norsk +nr: isiNdebele +nv: Diné bizaad +ny: chiCheŵa +oc: occitan +oj: ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᒧᐎᓐ +om: Afaan Oromoo +or: ଓଡ଼ିଆ +os: ирон æвзаг +pa: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ +pi: पाऴि +pl: Polski +ps: پښتو +pt: português +qu: Runa Simi +rm: rumantsch grischun +rn: Ikirundi +ro: Română +ru: русский язык +rw: Ikinyarwanda +sa: संस्कृतम् +sc: sardu +sd: सिन्धी +se: Davvisámegiella +sg: yângâ tî sängö +si: සිංහල +sk: slovenčina +sl: slovenščina +sn: chiShona +so: Soomaaliga +sq: shqip +sr: српски језик +ss: SiSwati +st: Sesotho +su: Basa Sunda +sv: svenska +sw: Kiswahili +ta: தமிழ் +te: తెలుగు +tg: тоҷикӣ +th: ไทย +ti: ትግርኛ +tk: Türkmen +tl: Wikang Tagalog +tn: Setswana +to: faka Tonga +tr: Türkçe +ts: Xitsonga +tt: татар теле +tw: Twi +ty: Reo Tahiti +ug: ئۇيغۇرچە‎ +uk: українська мова +ur: اردو +uz: Ўзбек +ve: Tshivenḓa +vi: Tiếng Việt +vo: Volapük +wa: walon +wo: Wollof +xh: isiXhosa +yi: ייִדיש +yo: Yorùbá +za: Saɯ cueŋƅ +zh: 简体中文 +zh-hant: 繁體中文 +zu: isiZulu diff --git a/docs/pl/docs/features.md b/docs/pl/docs/features.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ed10af9bc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pl/docs/features.md @@ -0,0 +1,200 @@ +# Cechy + +## Cechy FastAPI + +**FastAPI** zapewnia Ci następujące korzyści: + +### Oparcie o standardy open + +* OpenAPI do tworzenia API, w tym deklaracji ścieżek operacji, parametrów, ciał zapytań, bezpieczeństwa, itp. +* Automatyczna dokumentacja modelu danych za pomocą JSON Schema (ponieważ OpenAPI bazuje na JSON Schema). +* Zaprojektowane z myślą o zgodności z powyższymi standardami zamiast dodawania ich obsługi po fakcie. +* Możliwość automatycznego **generowania kodu klienta** w wielu językach. + +### Automatyczna dokumentacja + +Interaktywna dokumentacja i webowe interfejsy do eksploracji API. Z racji tego, że framework bazuje na OpenAPI, istnieje wiele opcji, z czego 2 są domyślnie dołączone. + +* Swagger UI, z interaktywnym interfejsem - odpytuj i testuj swoje API bezpośrednio z przeglądarki. + +![Swagger UI interakcja](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) + +* Alternatywna dokumentacja API z ReDoc. + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) + +### Nowoczesny Python + +Wszystko opiera się na standardowych deklaracjach typu **Python 3.8** (dzięki Pydantic). Brak nowej składni do uczenia. Po prostu standardowy, współczesny Python. + +Jeśli potrzebujesz szybkiego przypomnienia jak używać deklaracji typów w Pythonie (nawet jeśli nie używasz FastAPI), sprawdź krótki samouczek: [Python Types](python-types.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Wystarczy, że napiszesz standardowe deklaracje typów Pythona: + +```Python +from datetime import date + +from pydantic import BaseModel + +# Zadeklaruj parametr jako str +# i uzyskaj wsparcie edytora wewnątrz funkcji +def main(user_id: str): + return user_id + + +# Model Pydantic +class User(BaseModel): + id: int + name: str + joined: date +``` + +A one będą mogły zostać później użyte w następujący sposób: + +```Python +my_user: User = User(id=3, name="John Doe", joined="2018-07-19") + +second_user_data = { + "id": 4, + "name": "Mary", + "joined": "2018-11-30", +} + +my_second_user: User = User(**second_user_data) +``` + +!!! info + `**second_user_data` oznacza: + + Przekaż klucze i wartości słownika `second_user_data` bezpośrednio jako argumenty klucz-wartość, co jest równoznaczne z: `User(id=4, name="Mary", joined="2018-11-30")` + +### Wsparcie edytora + +Cały framework został zaprojektowany tak, aby był łatwy i intuicyjny w użyciu. Wszystkie pomysły zostały przetestowane na wielu edytorach jeszcze przed rozpoczęciem procesu tworzenia, aby zapewnić najlepsze wrażenia programistyczne. + +Ostatnia ankieta Python developer survey jasno wskazuje, że najczęściej używaną funkcjonalnością jest autouzupełnianie w edytorze. + +Cała struktura frameworku **FastAPI** jest na tym oparta. Autouzupełnianie działa wszędzie. + +Rzadko będziesz musiał wracać do dokumentacji. + +Oto, jak twój edytor może Ci pomóc: + +* Visual Studio Code: + +![wsparcie edytora](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) + +* PyCharm: + +![wsparcie edytora](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/pycharm-completion.png) + +Otrzymasz uzupełnienie nawet w miejscach, w których normalnie uzupełnienia nie ma. Na przykład klucz "price" w treści JSON (który mógł być zagnieżdżony), który pochodzi z zapytania. + +Koniec z wpisywaniem błędnych nazw kluczy, przechodzeniem tam i z powrotem w dokumentacji lub przewijaniem w górę i w dół, aby sprawdzić, czy w końcu użyłeś nazwy `username` czy `user_name`. + +### Zwięzłość + +Wszystko posiada sensowne **domyślne wartości**. Wszędzie znajdziesz opcjonalne konfiguracje. Wszystkie parametry możesz dostroić, aby zrobić to co potrzebujesz do zdefiniowania API. + +Ale domyślnie wszystko **"po prostu działa"**. + +### Walidacja + +* Walidacja większości (lub wszystkich?) **typów danych** Pythona, w tym: + * Obiektów JSON (`dict`). + * Tablic JSON (`list`) ze zdefiniowanym typem elementów. + * Pól tekstowych (`str`) z określeniem minimalnej i maksymalnej długości. + * Liczb (`int`, `float`) z wartościami minimalnymi, maksymalnymi, itp. + +* Walidacja bardziej egzotycznych typów danych, takich jak: + * URL. + * Email. + * UUID. + * ...i inne. + +Cała walidacja jest obsługiwana przez ugruntowaną i solidną bibliotekę **Pydantic**. + +### Bezpieczeństwo i uwierzytelnianie + +Bezpieczeństwo i uwierzytelnianie jest zintegrowane. Bez żadnych kompromisów z bazami czy modelami danych. + +Wszystkie schematy bezpieczeństwa zdefiniowane w OpenAPI, w tym: + +* Podstawowy protokół HTTP. +* **OAuth2** (również z **tokenami JWT**). Sprawdź samouczek [OAuth2 with JWT](tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. +* Klucze API w: + * Nagłówkach. + * Parametrach zapytań. + * Ciasteczkach, itp. + +Plus wszystkie funkcje bezpieczeństwa Starlette (włączając w to **ciasteczka sesyjne**). + +Wszystko zbudowane jako narzędzia i komponenty wielokrotnego użytku, które można łatwo zintegrować z systemami, magazynami oraz bazami danych - relacyjnymi, NoSQL, itp. + +### Wstrzykiwanie Zależności + +FastAPI zawiera niezwykle łatwy w użyciu, ale niezwykle potężny system Wstrzykiwania Zależności. + +* Nawet zależności mogą mieć zależności, tworząc hierarchię lub **"graf" zależności**. +* Wszystko jest **obsługiwane automatycznie** przez framework. +* Wszystkie zależności mogą wymagać danych w żądaniach oraz rozszerzać ograniczenia i automatyczną dokumentację **operacji na ścieżce**. +* **Automatyczna walidacja** parametrów *operacji na ścieżce* zdefiniowanych w zależnościach. +* Obsługa złożonych systemów uwierzytelniania użytkowników, **połączeń z bazami danych**, itp. +* Bazy danych, front end, itp. **bez kompromisów**, ale wciąż łatwe do integracji. + +### Nieograniczone "wtyczki" + +Lub ujmując to inaczej - brak potrzeby wtyczek. Importuj i używaj kod, który potrzebujesz. + +Każda integracja została zaprojektowana tak, aby była tak prosta w użyciu (z zależnościami), że możesz utworzyć "wtyczkę" dla swojej aplikacji w 2 liniach kodu, używając tej samej struktury i składni, które są używane w *operacjach na ścieżce*. + +### Testy + +* 100% pokrycia kodu testami. +* 100% adnotacji typów. +* Używany w aplikacjach produkcyjnych. + +## Cechy Starlette + +**FastAPI** jest w pełni kompatybilny z (oraz bazuje na) Starlette. Tak więc każdy dodatkowy kod Starlette, który posiadasz, również będzie działał. + +`FastAPI` jest w rzeczywistości podklasą `Starlette`, więc jeśli już znasz lub używasz Starlette, większość funkcji będzie działać w ten sam sposób. + +Dzięki **FastAPI** otrzymujesz wszystkie funkcje **Starlette** (ponieważ FastAPI to po prostu Starlette na sterydach): + +* Bardzo imponująca wydajność. Jest to jeden z najszybszych dostępnych frameworków Pythona, na równi z **NodeJS** i **Go**. +* Wsparcie dla **WebSocket**. +* Zadania w tle. +* Eventy startup i shutdown. +* Klient testowy zbudowany na bazie biblioteki `requests`. +* **CORS**, GZip, pliki statyczne, streamy. +* Obsługa **sesji i ciasteczek**. +* 100% pokrycie testami. +* 100% adnotacji typów. + +## Cechy Pydantic + +**FastAPI** jest w pełni kompatybilny z (oraz bazuje na) Pydantic. Tak więc każdy dodatkowy kod Pydantic, który posiadasz, również będzie działał. + +Wliczając w to zewnętrzne biblioteki, również oparte o Pydantic, takie jak ORM, ODM dla baz danych. + +Oznacza to, że w wielu przypadkach możesz przekazać ten sam obiekt, który otrzymasz z żądania **bezpośrednio do bazy danych**, ponieważ wszystko jest walidowane automatycznie. + +Działa to również w drugą stronę, w wielu przypadkach możesz po prostu przekazać obiekt otrzymany z bazy danych **bezpośrednio do klienta**. + +Dzięki **FastAPI** otrzymujesz wszystkie funkcje **Pydantic** (ponieważ FastAPI bazuje na Pydantic do obsługi wszystkich danych): + +* **Bez prania mózgu**: + * Brak nowego mikrojęzyka do definiowania schematu, którego trzeba się nauczyć. + * Jeśli znasz adnotacje typów Pythona to wiesz jak używać Pydantic. +* Dobrze współpracuje z Twoim **IDE/linterem/mózgiem**: + * Ponieważ struktury danych Pydantic to po prostu instancje klas, które definiujesz; autouzupełnianie, linting, mypy i twoja intuicja powinny działać poprawnie z Twoimi zwalidowanymi danymi. +* **Szybkość**: + * w benchmarkach Pydantic jest szybszy niż wszystkie inne testowane biblioteki. +* Walidacja **złożonych struktur**: + * Wykorzystanie hierarchicznych modeli Pydantic, Pythonowego modułu `typing` zawierającego `List`, `Dict`, itp. + * Walidatory umożliwiają jasne i łatwe definiowanie, sprawdzanie złożonych struktur danych oraz dokumentowanie ich jako JSON Schema. + * Możesz mieć głęboko **zagnieżdżone obiekty JSON** i wszystkie je poddać walidacji i adnotować. +* **Rozszerzalność**: + * Pydantic umożliwia zdefiniowanie niestandardowych typów danych lub rozszerzenie walidacji o metody na modelu, na których użyty jest dekorator walidatora. +* 100% pokrycie testami. diff --git a/docs/pl/docs/help-fastapi.md b/docs/pl/docs/help-fastapi.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3d02a8741 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pl/docs/help-fastapi.md @@ -0,0 +1,263 @@ +# Pomóż FastAPI - Uzyskaj pomoc + +Czy podoba Ci się **FastAPI**? + +Czy chciałbyś pomóc FastAPI, jego użytkownikom i autorowi? + +Może napotkałeś na trudności z **FastAPI** i potrzebujesz pomocy? + +Istnieje kilka bardzo łatwych sposobów, aby pomóc (czasami wystarczy jedno lub dwa kliknięcia). + +Istnieje również kilka sposobów uzyskania pomocy. + +## Zapisz się do newslettera + +Możesz zapisać się do rzadkiego [newslettera o **FastAPI i jego przyjaciołach**](/newsletter/){.internal-link target=_blank}, aby być na bieżąco z: + +* Aktualnościami o FastAPI i przyjaciołach 🚀 +* Przewodnikami 📝 +* Funkcjami ✨ +* Przełomowymi zmianami 🚨 +* Poradami i sztuczkami ✅ + +## Śledź FastAPI na Twitterze + +Śledź @fastapi na **Twitterze** aby być na bieżąco z najnowszymi wiadomościami o **FastAPI**. 🐦 + +## Dodaj gwiazdkę **FastAPI** na GitHubie + +Możesz "dodać gwiazdkę" FastAPI na GitHubie (klikając przycisk gwiazdki w prawym górnym rogu): https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. ⭐️ + +Dodając gwiazdkę, inni użytkownicy będą mogli łatwiej znaleźć projekt i zobaczyć, że był już przydatny dla innych. + +## Obserwuj repozytorium GitHub w poszukiwaniu nowych wydań + +Możesz "obserwować" FastAPI na GitHubie (klikając przycisk "obserwuj" w prawym górnym rogu): https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. 👀 + +Wybierz opcję "Tylko wydania". + +Dzięki temu będziesz otrzymywać powiadomienia (na swój adres e-mail) za każdym razem, gdy pojawi się nowe wydanie (nowa wersja) **FastAPI** z poprawkami błędów i nowymi funkcjami. + +## Skontaktuj się z autorem + +Możesz skontaktować się ze mną (Sebastián Ramírez / `tiangolo`), autorem. + +Możesz: + +* Śledzić mnie na **GitHubie**. + * Zobacz inne projekty open source, które stworzyłem, a mogą być dla Ciebie pomocne. + * Śledź mnie, aby dostać powiadomienie, gdy utworzę nowy projekt open source. +* Śledzić mnie na **Twitterze** lub na Mastodonie. + * Napisz mi, w jaki sposób korzystasz z FastAPI (uwielbiam o tym czytać). + * Dowiedz się, gdy ogłoszę coś nowego lub wypuszczę nowe narzędzia. + * Możesz także śledzić @fastapi na Twitterze (to oddzielne konto). +* Nawiąż ze mną kontakt na **Linkedinie**. + * Dowiedz się, gdy ogłoszę coś nowego lub wypuszczę nowe narzędzia (chociaż częściej korzystam z Twittera 🤷‍♂). +* Czytaj moje posty (lub śledź mnie) na **Dev.to** lub na **Medium**. + * Czytaj o innych pomysłach, artykułach i dowiedz się o narzędziach, które stworzyłem. + * Śledź mnie, by wiedzieć gdy opublikuję coś nowego. + +## Napisz tweeta o **FastAPI** + +Napisz tweeta o **FastAPI** i powiedz czemu Ci się podoba. 🎉 + +Uwielbiam czytać w jaki sposób **FastAPI** jest używane, co Ci się w nim podobało, w jakim projekcie/firmie go używasz itp. + +## Głosuj na FastAPI + +* Głosuj na **FastAPI** w Slant. +* Głosuj na **FastAPI** w AlternativeTo. +* Powiedz, że używasz **FastAPI** na StackShare. + +## Pomagaj innym, odpowiadając na ich pytania na GitHubie + +Możesz spróbować pomóc innym, odpowiadając w: + +* Dyskusjach na GitHubie +* Problemach na GitHubie + +W wielu przypadkach możesz już znać odpowiedź na te pytania. 🤓 + +Jeśli pomożesz wielu ludziom, możesz zostać oficjalnym [Ekspertem FastAPI](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🎉 + +Pamiętaj tylko o najważniejszym: bądź życzliwy. Ludzie przychodzą sfrustrowani i w wielu przypadkach nie zadają pytań w najlepszy sposób, ale mimo to postaraj się być dla nich jak najbardziej życzliwy. 🤗 + +Chciałbym, by społeczność **FastAPI** była życzliwa i przyjazna. Nie akceptuj prześladowania ani braku szacunku wobec innych. Dbajmy o siebie nawzajem. + +--- + +Oto, jak pomóc innym z pytaniami (w dyskusjach lub problemach): + +### Zrozum pytanie + +* Upewnij się, czy rozumiesz **cel** i przypadek użycia osoby pytającej. + +* Następnie sprawdź, czy pytanie (większość to pytania) jest **jasne**. + +* W wielu przypadkach zadane pytanie dotyczy rozwiązania wymyślonego przez użytkownika, ale może istnieć **lepsze** rozwiązanie. Jeśli dokładnie zrozumiesz problem i przypadek użycia, być może będziesz mógł zaproponować lepsze **alternatywne rozwiązanie**. + +* Jeśli nie rozumiesz pytania, poproś o więcej **szczegółów**. + +### Odtwórz problem + +W większości przypadków problem wynika z **autorskiego kodu** osoby pytającej. + +Często pytający umieszczają tylko fragment kodu, niewystarczający do **odtworzenia problemu**. + +* Możesz poprosić ich o dostarczenie minimalnego, odtwarzalnego przykładu, który możesz **skopiować i wkleić** i uruchomić lokalnie, aby zobaczyć ten sam błąd lub zachowanie, które widzą, lub lepiej zrozumieć ich przypadki użycia. + +* Jeśli jesteś wyjątkowo pomocny, możesz spróbować **stworzyć taki przykład** samodzielnie, opierając się tylko na opisie problemu. Miej na uwadze, że może to zająć dużo czasu i lepiej może być najpierw poprosić ich o wyjaśnienie problemu. + +### Proponuj rozwiązania + +* Po zrozumieniu pytania możesz podać im możliwą **odpowiedź**. + +* W wielu przypadkach lepiej zrozumieć ich **podstawowy problem lub przypadek użycia**, ponieważ może istnieć lepszy sposób rozwiązania niż to, co próbują zrobić. + +### Poproś o zamknięcie + +Jeśli odpowiedzą, jest duża szansa, że rozwiązałeś ich problem, gratulacje, **jesteś bohaterem**! 🦸 + +* Jeśli Twoja odpowiedź rozwiązała problem, możesz poprosić o: + + * W Dyskusjach na GitHubie: oznaczenie komentarza jako **odpowiedź**. + * W Problemach na GitHubie: **zamknięcie** problemu. + +## Obserwuj repozytorium na GitHubie + +Możesz "obserwować" FastAPI na GitHubie (klikając przycisk "obserwuj" w prawym górnym rogu): https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. 👀 + +Jeśli wybierzesz "Obserwuj" zamiast "Tylko wydania", otrzymasz powiadomienia, gdy ktoś utworzy nowy problem lub pytanie. Możesz również określić, że chcesz być powiadamiany tylko o nowych problemach, dyskusjach, PR-ach itp. + +Następnie możesz spróbować pomóc rozwiązać te problemy. + +## Zadawaj pytania + +Możesz utworzyć nowe pytanie w repozytorium na GitHubie, na przykład aby: + +* Zadać **pytanie** lub zapytać o **problem**. +* Zaproponować nową **funkcję**. + +**Uwaga**: jeśli to zrobisz, poproszę Cię również o pomoc innym. 😉 + +## Przeglądaj Pull Requesty + +Możesz pomóc mi w przeglądaniu pull requestów autorstwa innych osób. + +Jak wcześniej wspomniałem, postaraj się być jak najbardziej życzliwy. 🤗 + +--- + +Oto, co warto mieć na uwadze podczas oceny pull requestu: + +### Zrozum problem + +* Najpierw upewnij się, że **rozumiesz problem**, który próbuje rozwiązać pull request. Może być osadzony w większym kontekście w GitHubowej dyskusji lub problemie. + +* Jest też duża szansa, że pull request nie jest konieczny, ponieważ problem można rozwiązać w **inny sposób**. Wtedy możesz to zasugerować lub o to zapytać. + +### Nie martw się stylem + +* Nie przejmuj się zbytnio rzeczami takimi jak style wiadomości commitów, przy wcielaniu pull requesta łączę commity i modyfikuję opis sumarycznego commita ręcznie. + +* Nie przejmuj się również stylem kodu, automatyczne narzędzia w repozytorium sprawdzają to samodzielnie. + +A jeśli istnieje jakaś konkretna potrzeba dotycząca stylu lub spójności, sam poproszę o zmiany lub dodam commity z takimi zmianami. + +### Sprawdź kod + +* Przeczytaj kod, zastanów się czy ma sens, **uruchom go lokalnie** i potwierdź czy faktycznie rozwiązuje problem. + +* Następnie dodaj **komentarz** z informacją o tym, że sprawdziłeś kod, dzięki temu będę miał pewność, że faktycznie go sprawdziłeś. + +!!! info + Niestety, nie mogę ślepo ufać PR-om, nawet jeśli mają kilka zatwierdzeń. + + Kilka razy zdarzyło się, że PR-y miały 3, 5 lub więcej zatwierdzeń (prawdopodobnie dlatego, że opis obiecuje rozwiązanie ważnego problemu), ale gdy sam sprawdziłem danego PR-a, okazał się być zbugowany lub nie rozwiązywał problemu, który rzekomo miał rozwiązywać. 😅 + + Dlatego tak ważne jest, abyś faktycznie przeczytał i uruchomił kod oraz napisał w komentarzu, że to zrobiłeś. 🤓 + +* Jeśli PR można uprościć w jakiś sposób, możesz o to poprosić, ale nie ma potrzeby być zbyt wybrednym, może być wiele subiektywnych punktów widzenia (a ja też będę miał swój 🙈), więc lepiej żebyś skupił się na kluczowych rzeczach. + +### Testy + +* Pomóż mi sprawdzić, czy PR ma **testy**. + +* Sprawdź, czy testy **nie przechodzą** przed PR. 🚨 + +* Następnie sprawdź, czy testy **przechodzą** po PR. ✅ + +* Wiele PR-ów nie ma testów, możesz **przypomnieć** im o dodaniu testów, a nawet **zaproponować** samemu jakieś testy. To jedna z rzeczy, które pochłaniają najwięcej czasu i możesz w tym bardzo pomóc. + +* Następnie skomentuj również to, czego spróbowałeś, wtedy będę wiedział, że to sprawdziłeś. 🤓 + +## Utwórz Pull Request + +Możesz [wnieść wkład](contributing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} do kodu źródłowego za pomocą Pull Requestu, na przykład: + +* Naprawić literówkę, którą znalazłeś w dokumentacji. +* Podzielić się artykułem, filmem lub podcastem, który stworzyłeś lub znalazłeś na temat FastAPI, edytując ten plik. + * Upewnij się, że dodajesz swój link na początku odpowiedniej sekcji. +* Pomóc w [tłumaczeniu dokumentacji](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank} na Twój język. + * Możesz również pomóc w weryfikacji tłumaczeń stworzonych przez innych. +* Zaproponować nowe sekcje dokumentacji. +* Naprawić istniejący problem/błąd. + * Upewnij się, że dodajesz testy. +* Dodać nową funkcję. + * Upewnij się, że dodajesz testy. + * Upewnij się, że dodajesz dokumentację, jeśli jest to istotne. + +## Pomóż w utrzymaniu FastAPI + +Pomóż mi utrzymać **FastAPI**! 🤓 + +Jest wiele pracy do zrobienia, a w większości przypadków **TY** możesz to zrobić. + +Główne zadania, które możesz wykonać teraz to: + +* [Pomóc innym z pytaniami na GitHubie](#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} (zobacz sekcję powyżej). +* [Oceniać Pull Requesty](#review-pull-requests){.internal-link target=_blank} (zobacz sekcję powyżej). + +Te dwie czynności **zajmują najwięcej czasu**. To główna praca związana z utrzymaniem FastAPI. + +Jeśli możesz mi w tym pomóc, **pomożesz mi utrzymać FastAPI** i zapewnisz że będzie **rozwijać się szybciej i lepiej**. 🚀 + +## Dołącz do czatu + +Dołącz do 👥 serwera czatu na Discordzie 👥 i spędzaj czas z innymi w społeczności FastAPI. + +!!! wskazówka + Jeśli masz pytania, zadaj je w Dyskusjach na GitHubie, jest dużo większa szansa, że otrzymasz pomoc od [Ekspertów FastAPI](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. + + Używaj czatu tylko do innych ogólnych rozmów. + +### Nie zadawaj pytań na czacie + +Miej na uwadze, że ponieważ czaty pozwalają na bardziej "swobodną rozmowę", łatwo jest zadawać pytania, które są zbyt ogólne i trudniejsze do odpowiedzi, więc możesz nie otrzymać odpowiedzi. + +Na GitHubie szablon poprowadzi Cię do napisania odpowiedniego pytania, dzięki czemu łatwiej uzyskasz dobrą odpowiedź, a nawet rozwiążesz problem samodzielnie, zanim zapytasz. Ponadto na GitHubie mogę się upewnić, że zawsze odpowiadam na wszystko, nawet jeśli zajmuje to trochę czasu. Osobiście nie mogę tego zrobić z systemami czatu. 😅 + +Rozmów w systemach czatu nie można tak łatwo przeszukiwać, jak na GitHubie, więc pytania i odpowiedzi mogą zaginąć w rozmowie. A tylko te na GitHubie liczą się do zostania [Ekspertem FastAPI](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}, więc najprawdopodobniej otrzymasz więcej uwagi na GitHubie. + +Z drugiej strony w systemach czatu są tysiące użytkowników, więc jest duża szansa, że znajdziesz tam kogoś do rozmowy, prawie w każdej chwili. 😄 + +## Wspieraj autora + +Możesz również finansowo wesprzeć autora (mnie) poprzez sponsoring na GitHubie. + +Tam możesz postawić mi kawę ☕️ aby podziękować. 😄 + +Możesz także zostać srebrnym lub złotym sponsorem FastAPI. 🏅🎉 + +## Wspieraj narzędzia, które napędzają FastAPI + +Jak widziałeś w dokumentacji, FastAPI stoi na ramionach gigantów, Starlette i Pydantic. + +Możesz również wesprzeć: + +* Samuel Colvin (Pydantic) +* Encode (Starlette, Uvicorn) + +--- + +Dziękuję! 🚀 diff --git a/docs/pl/docs/index.md b/docs/pl/docs/index.md index 95fb7ae21..49f5c2b01 100644 --- a/docs/pl/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/pl/docs/index.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ - -{!../../../docs/missing-translation.md!} - -

FastAPI

- FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production + FastAPI to szybki, prosty w nauce i gotowy do użycia w produkcji framework

@@ -22,29 +18,28 @@ --- -**Documentation**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com +**Dokumentacja**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com -**Source Code**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi +**Kod żródłowy**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi --- -FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints. +FastAPI to nowoczesny, wydajny framework webowy do budowania API z użyciem Pythona 3.8+ bazujący na standardowym typowaniu Pythona. -The key features are: +Kluczowe cechy: -* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance). +* **Wydajność**: FastAPI jest bardzo wydajny, na równi z **NodeJS** oraz **Go** (dzięki Starlette i Pydantic). [Jeden z najszybszych dostępnych frameworków Pythonowych](#wydajnosc). +* **Szybkość kodowania**: Przyśpiesza szybkość pisania nowych funkcjonalności o około 200% do 300%. * +* **Mniejsza ilość błędów**: Zmniejsza ilość ludzkich (dewelopera) błędy o około 40%. * +* **Intuicyjność**: Wspaniałe wsparcie dla edytorów kodu. Dostępne wszędzie automatyczne uzupełnianie kodu. Krótszy czas debugowania. +* **Łatwość**: Zaprojektowany by być prosty i łatwy do nauczenia. Mniej czasu spędzonego na czytanie dokumentacji. +* **Kompaktowość**: Minimalizacja powtarzającego się kodu. Wiele funkcjonalności dla każdej deklaracji parametru. Mniej błędów. +* **Solidność**: Kod gotowy dla środowiska produkcyjnego. Wraz z automatyczną interaktywną dokumentacją. +* **Bazujący na standardach**: Oparty na (i w pełni kompatybilny z) otwartych standardach API: OpenAPI (wcześniej znane jako Swagger) oraz JSON Schema. -* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * -* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. * -* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. Completion everywhere. Less time debugging. -* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs. -* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs. -* **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation. -* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: OpenAPI (previously known as Swagger) and JSON Schema. +* oszacowania bazowane na testach wykonanych przez wewnętrzny zespół deweloperów, budujących aplikacie używane na środowisku produkcyjnym. -* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications. - -## Sponsors +## Sponsorzy @@ -59,9 +54,9 @@ The key features are: -Other sponsors +Inni sponsorzy -## Opinions +## Opinie "_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._" @@ -101,24 +96,24 @@ The key features are: --- -## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs +## **Typer**, FastAPI aplikacji konsolowych -If you are building a CLI app to be used in the terminal instead of a web API, check out **Typer**. +Jeżeli tworzysz aplikacje CLI, która ma być używana w terminalu zamiast API, sprawdź **Typer**. -**Typer** is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the **FastAPI of CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀 +**Typer** to młodsze rodzeństwo FastAPI. Jego celem jest pozostanie **FastAPI aplikacji konsolowych** . ⌨️ 🚀 -## Requirements +## Wymagania -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.8+ -FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: +FastAPI oparty jest na: -* Starlette for the web parts. -* Pydantic for the data parts. +* Starlette dla części webowej. +* Pydantic dla części obsługujących dane. -## Installation +## Instalacja

@@ -130,26 +125,26 @@ $ pip install fastapi
-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn. +Na serwerze produkcyjnym będziesz także potrzebował serwera ASGI, np. Uvicorn lub Hypercorn.
```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ```
-## Example +## Przykład -### Create it +### Stwórz -* Create a file `main.py` with: +* Utwórz plik o nazwie `main.py` z: ```Python -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -162,17 +157,17 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ```
-Or use async def... +Albo użyj async def... -If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`: +Jeżeli twój kod korzysta z `async` / `await`, użyj `async def`: ```Python hl_lines="9 14" -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -185,19 +180,19 @@ async def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` -**Note**: +**Przypis**: -If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about `async` and `await` in the docs. +Jeżeli nie znasz, sprawdź sekcję _"In a hurry?"_ o `async` i `await` w dokumentacji.
-### Run it +### Uruchom -Run the server with: +Uruchom serwer używając:
@@ -214,57 +209,56 @@ INFO: Application startup complete.
-About the command uvicorn main:app --reload... +O komendzie uvicorn main:app --reload... +Komenda `uvicorn main:app` odnosi się do: -The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to: - -* `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module"). -* `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`. -* `--reload`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development. +* `main`: plik `main.py` ("moduł" w Pythonie). +* `app`: obiekt stworzony w `main.py` w lini `app = FastAPI()`. +* `--reload`: spraw by serwer resetował się po każdej zmianie w kodzie. Używaj tego tylko w środowisku deweloperskim.
-### Check it +### Wypróbuj -Open your browser at http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. +Otwórz link http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery w przeglądarce. -You will see the JSON response as: +Zobaczysz następującą odpowiedź JSON: ```JSON {"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} ``` -You already created an API that: +Właśnie stworzyłeś API które: -* Receives HTTP requests in the _paths_ `/` and `/items/{item_id}`. -* Both _paths_ take `GET` operations (also known as HTTP _methods_). -* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has a _path parameter_ `item_id` that should be an `int`. -* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has an optional `str` _query parameter_ `q`. +* Otrzymuje żądania HTTP w _ścieżce_ `/` i `/items/{item_id}`. +* Obie _ścieżki_ używają operacji `GET` (znane także jako _metody_ HTTP). +* _Ścieżka_ `/items/{item_id}` ma _parametr ścieżki_ `item_id` który powinien być obiektem typu `int`. +* _Ścieżka_ `/items/{item_id}` ma opcjonalny _parametr zapytania_ typu `str` o nazwie `q`. -### Interactive API docs +### Interaktywna dokumentacja API -Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. +Otwórz teraz stronę http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. -You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by Swagger UI): +Zobaczysz automatyczną interaktywną dokumentację API (dostarczoną z pomocą Swagger UI): ![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) -### Alternative API docs +### Alternatywna dokumentacja API -And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. +Otwórz teraz http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. -You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by ReDoc): +Zobaczysz alternatywną, lecz wciąż automatyczną dokumentację (wygenerowaną z pomocą ReDoc): ![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) -## Example upgrade +## Aktualizacja przykładu -Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request. +Zmodyfikuj teraz plik `main.py`, aby otrzmywał treść (body) żądania `PUT`. -Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic. +Zadeklaruj treść żądania, używając standardowych typów w Pythonie dzięki Pydantic. ```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -275,7 +269,7 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str price: float - is_offer: Optional[bool] = None + is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None @app.get("/") @@ -284,7 +278,7 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} @@ -293,175 +287,174 @@ def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} ``` -The server should reload automatically (because you added `--reload` to the `uvicorn` command above). +Serwer powinien przeładować się automatycznie (ponieważ dodałeś `--reload` do komendy `uvicorn` powyżej). -### Interactive API docs upgrade +### Zaktualizowana interaktywna dokumentacja API -Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. +Wejdź teraz na http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. -* The interactive API documentation will be automatically updated, including the new body: +* Interaktywna dokumentacja API zaktualizuje sie automatycznie, także z nową treścią żądania (body): ![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) -* Click on the button "Try it out", it allows you to fill the parameters and directly interact with the API: +* Kliknij przycisk "Try it out" (wypróbuj), pozwoli Ci to wypełnić parametry i bezpośrednio użyć API: ![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) -* Then click on the "Execute" button, the user interface will communicate with your API, send the parameters, get the results and show them on the screen: +* Kliknij potem przycisk "Execute" (wykonaj), interfejs użytkownika połączy się z API, wyśle parametry, otrzyma odpowiedź i wyświetli ją na ekranie: ![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) -### Alternative API docs upgrade +### Zaktualizowana alternatywna dokumentacja API -And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. +Otwórz teraz http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. -* The alternative documentation will also reflect the new query parameter and body: +* Alternatywna dokumentacja również pokaże zaktualizowane parametry i treść żądania (body): ![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) -### Recap +### Podsumowanie -In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters. +Podsumowując, musiałeś zadeklarować typy parametrów, treści żądania (body) itp. tylko **raz**, i są one dostępne jako parametry funkcji. -You do that with standard modern Python types. +Robisz to tak samo jak ze standardowymi typami w Pythonie. -You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc. +Nie musisz sie uczyć żadnej nowej składni, metod lub klas ze specyficznych bibliotek itp. -Just standard **Python 3.6+**. +Po prostu standardowy **Python 3.8+**. -For example, for an `int`: +Na przykład, dla danych typu `int`: ```Python item_id: int ``` -or for a more complex `Item` model: +albo dla bardziej złożonego obiektu `Item`: ```Python item: Item ``` -...and with that single declaration you get: +...i z pojedyńczą deklaracją otrzymujesz: -* Editor support, including: - * Completion. - * Type checks. -* Validation of data: - * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid. - * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects. -* Conversion of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from: +* Wsparcie edytorów kodu, wliczając: + * Auto-uzupełnianie. + * Sprawdzanie typów. +* Walidacja danych: + * Automatyczne i przejrzyste błędy gdy dane są niepoprawne. + * Walidacja nawet dla głęboko zagnieżdżonych obiektów JSON. +* Konwersja danych wejściowych: przychodzących z sieci na Pythonowe typy. Pozwala na przetwarzanie danych: * JSON. - * Path parameters. - * Query parameters. - * Cookies. - * Headers. - * Forms. - * Files. -* Conversion of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON): - * Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc). - * `datetime` objects. - * `UUID` objects. - * Database models. - * ...and many more. -* Automatic interactive API documentation, including 2 alternative user interfaces: + * Parametrów ścieżki. + * Parametrów zapytania. + * Dane cookies. + * Dane nagłówków (headers). + * Formularze. + * Pliki. +* Konwersja danych wyjściowych: wychodzących z Pythona do sieci (jako JSON): + * Przetwarzanie Pythonowych typów (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, itp). + * Obiekty `datetime`. + * Obiekty `UUID`. + * Modele baz danych. + * ...i wiele więcej. +* Automatyczne interaktywne dokumentacje API, wliczając 2 alternatywne interfejsy użytkownika: * Swagger UI. * ReDoc. --- -Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will: +Wracając do poprzedniego przykładu, **FastAPI** : -* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests. -* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests. - * If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error. -* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests. - * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional. - * Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`). -* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, Read the body as JSON: - * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`. - * Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`. - * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present. - * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects. -* Convert from and to JSON automatically. -* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by: - * Interactive documentation systems. - * Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages. -* Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly. +* Potwierdzi, że w ścieżce jest `item_id` dla żądań `GET` i `PUT`. +* Potwierdzi, że `item_id` jest typu `int` dla żądań `GET` i `PUT`. + * Jeżeli nie jest, odbiorca zobaczy przydatną, przejrzystą wiadomość z błędem. +* Sprawdzi czy w ścieżce jest opcjonalny parametr zapytania `q` (np. `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) dla żądania `GET`. + * Jako że parametr `q` jest zadeklarowany jako `= None`, jest on opcjonalny. + * Gdyby tego `None` nie było, parametr ten byłby wymagany (tak jak treść żądania w żądaniu `PUT`). +* Dla żądania `PUT` z ścieżką `/items/{item_id}`, odczyta treść żądania jako JSON: + * Sprawdzi czy posiada wymagany atrybut `name`, który powinien być typu `str`. + * Sprawdzi czy posiada wymagany atrybut `price`, który musi być typu `float`. + * Sprawdzi czy posiada opcjonalny atrybut `is_offer`, który (jeżeli obecny) powinien być typu `bool`. + * To wszystko będzie również działać dla głęboko zagnieżdżonych obiektów JSON. +* Automatycznie konwertuje z i do JSON. +* Dokumentuje wszystko w OpenAPI, które może być używane przez: + * Interaktywne systemy dokumentacji. + * Systemy automatycznego generowania kodu klienckiego, dla wielu języków. +* Dostarczy bezpośrednio 2 interaktywne dokumentacje webowe. --- -We just scratched the surface, but you already get the idea of how it all works. +To dopiero początek, ale już masz mniej-więcej pojęcie jak to wszystko działa. -Try changing the line with: +Spróbuj zmienić linijkę: ```Python return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} ``` -...from: +...z: ```Python ... "item_name": item.name ... ``` -...to: +...na: ```Python ... "item_price": item.price ... ``` -...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types: +...i zobacz jak edytor kodu automatycznie uzupełni atrybuty i będzie znał ich typy: ![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) -For a more complete example including more features, see the Tutorial - User Guide. +Dla bardziej kompletnych przykładów posiadających więcej funkcjonalności, zobacz Tutorial - User Guide. -**Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes: +**Uwaga Spoiler**: tutorial - user guide zawiera: -* Declaration of **parameters** from other different places as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**. -* How to set **validation constraints** as `maximum_length` or `regex`. -* A very powerful and easy to use **Dependency Injection** system. -* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth. -* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic). -* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as: - * **WebSockets** +* Deklaracje **parametrów** z innych miejsc takich jak: **nagłówki**, **pliki cookies**, **formularze** i **pliki**. +* Jak ustawić **ograniczenia walidacyjne** takie jak `maksymalna długość` lub `regex`. +* Potężny i łatwy w użyciu system **Dependency Injection**. +* Zabezpieczenia i autentykacja, wliczając wsparcie dla **OAuth2** z **tokenami JWT** oraz autoryzacją **HTTP Basic**. +* Bardziej zaawansowane (ale równie proste) techniki deklarowania **głęboko zagnieżdżonych modeli JSON** (dzięki Pydantic). +* Wiele dodatkowych funkcji (dzięki Starlette) takie jak: + * **WebSockety** * **GraphQL** - * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest` + * bardzo proste testy bazujące na HTTPX oraz `pytest` * **CORS** - * **Cookie Sessions** - * ...and more. + * **Sesje cookie** + * ...i więcej. -## Performance +## Wydajność -Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as one of the fastest Python frameworks available, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*) +Niezależne benchmarki TechEmpower pokazują, że **FastAPI** (uruchomiony na serwerze Uvicorn) jest jednym z najszybszych dostępnych Pythonowych frameworków, zaraz po Starlette i Uvicorn (używanymi wewnątrznie przez FastAPI). (*) -To understand more about it, see the section Benchmarks. +Aby dowiedzieć się o tym więcej, zobacz sekcję Benchmarks. -## Optional Dependencies +## Opcjonalne zależności -Used by Pydantic: +Używane przez Pydantic: -* ujson - for faster JSON "parsing". -* email_validator - for email validation. +* email_validator - dla walidacji adresów email. -Used by Starlette: +Używane przez Starlette: -* requests - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. -* aiofiles - Required if you want to use `FileResponse` or `StaticFiles`. -* jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. -* python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with `request.form()`. -* itsdangerous - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support. -* pyyaml - Required for Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI). -* graphene - Required for `GraphQLApp` support. -* ujson - Required if you want to use `UJSONResponse`. +* httpx - Wymagane jeżeli chcesz korzystać z `TestClient`. +* aiofiles - Wymagane jeżeli chcesz korzystać z `FileResponse` albo `StaticFiles`. +* jinja2 - Wymagane jeżeli chcesz używać domyślnej konfiguracji szablonów. +* python-multipart - Wymagane jeżelich chcesz wsparcie "parsowania" formularzy, używając `request.form()`. +* itsdangerous - Wymagany dla wsparcia `SessionMiddleware`. +* pyyaml - Wymagane dla wsparcia `SchemaGenerator` z Starlette (z FastAPI prawdopodobnie tego nie potrzebujesz). +* graphene - Wymagane dla wsparcia `GraphQLApp`. +* ujson - Wymagane jeżeli chcesz korzystać z `UJSONResponse`. -Used by FastAPI / Starlette: +Używane przez FastAPI / Starlette: -* uvicorn - for the server that loads and serves your application. -* orjson - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`. +* uvicorn - jako serwer, który ładuje i obsługuje Twoją aplikację. +* orjson - Wymagane jeżeli chcesz używać `ORJSONResponse`. -You can install all of these with `pip install fastapi[all]`. +Możesz zainstalować wszystkie te aplikacje przy pomocy `pip install fastapi[all]`. -## License +## Licencja -This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license. +Ten projekt jest na licencji MIT. diff --git a/docs/pl/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md b/docs/pl/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9406d703d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pl/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md @@ -0,0 +1,334 @@ +# Pierwsze kroki + +Najprostszy plik FastAPI może wyglądać tak: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Skopiuj to do pliku `main.py`. + +Uruchom serwer: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +!!! note + Polecenie `uvicorn main:app` odnosi się do: + + * `main`: plik `main.py` ("moduł" Python). + * `app`: obiekt utworzony w pliku `main.py` w lini `app = FastAPI()`. + * `--reload`: sprawia, że serwer uruchamia się ponownie po zmianie kodu. Używany tylko w trakcie tworzenia oprogramowania. + +Na wyjściu znajduje się linia z czymś w rodzaju: + +```hl_lines="4" +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +Ta linia pokazuje adres URL, pod którym Twoja aplikacja jest obsługiwana, na Twoim lokalnym komputerze. + +### Sprawdź to + +Otwórz w swojej przeglądarce http://127.0.0.1:8000. + +Zobaczysz odpowiedź w formacie JSON: + +```JSON +{"message": "Hello World"} +``` + +### Interaktywna dokumentacja API + +Przejdź teraz do http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +Zobaczysz automatyczną i interaktywną dokumentację API (dostarczoną przez Swagger UI): + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +### Alternatywna dokumentacja API + +Teraz przejdź do http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. + +Zobaczysz alternatywną automatycznie wygenerowaną dokumentację API (dostarczoną przez ReDoc): + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +### OpenAPI + +**FastAPI** generuje "schemat" z całym Twoim API przy użyciu standardu **OpenAPI** służącego do definiowania API. + +#### Schema + +"Schema" jest definicją lub opisem czegoś. Nie jest to kod, który go implementuje, ale po prostu abstrakcyjny opis. + +#### API "Schema" + +W typ przypadku, OpenAPI to specyfikacja, która dyktuje sposób definiowania schematu interfejsu API. + +Definicja schematu zawiera ścieżki API, możliwe parametry, które są przyjmowane przez endpointy, itp. + +#### "Schemat" danych + +Termin "schemat" może również odnosić się do wyglądu niektórych danych, takich jak zawartość JSON. + +W takim przypadku będzie to oznaczać atrybuty JSON, ich typy danych itp. + +#### OpenAPI i JSON Schema + +OpenAPI definiuje API Schema dla Twojego API, który zawiera definicje (lub "schematy") danych wysyłanych i odbieranych przez Twój interfejs API przy użyciu **JSON Schema**, standardu dla schematów danych w formacie JSON. + +#### Sprawdź `openapi.json` + +Jeśli jesteś ciekawy, jak wygląda surowy schemat OpenAPI, FastAPI automatycznie generuje JSON Schema z opisami wszystkich Twoich API. + +Możesz to zobaczyć bezpośrednio pod adresem: http://127.0.0.1:8000/openapi.json. + +Zobaczysz JSON zaczynający się od czegoś takiego: + +```JSON +{ + "openapi": "3.0.2", + "info": { + "title": "FastAPI", + "version": "0.1.0" + }, + "paths": { + "/items/": { + "get": { + "responses": { + "200": { + "description": "Successful Response", + "content": { + "application/json": { + + + +... +``` + +#### Do czego służy OpenAPI + +Schemat OpenAPI jest tym, co zasila dwa dołączone interaktywne systemy dokumentacji. + +Istnieją dziesiątki alternatyw, wszystkie oparte na OpenAPI. Możesz łatwo dodać dowolną z nich do swojej aplikacji zbudowanej za pomocą **FastAPI**. + +Możesz go również użyć do automatycznego generowania kodu dla klientów, którzy komunikują się z Twoim API. Na przykład aplikacje frontendowe, mobilne lub IoT. + +## Przypomnijmy, krok po kroku + +### Krok 1: zaimportuj `FastAPI` + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`FastAPI` jest klasą, która zapewnia wszystkie funkcjonalności Twojego API. + +!!! note "Szczegóły techniczne" + `FastAPI` jest klasą, która dziedziczy bezpośrednio z `Starlette`. + + Oznacza to, że możesz korzystać ze wszystkich funkcjonalności Starlette również w `FastAPI`. + + +### Krok 2: utwórz instancję `FastAPI` + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Zmienna `app` będzie tutaj "instancją" klasy `FastAPI`. + +Będzie to główny punkt interakcji przy tworzeniu całego interfejsu API. + +Ta zmienna `app` jest tą samą zmienną, do której odnosi się `uvicorn` w poleceniu: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +Jeśli stworzysz swoją aplikację, np.: + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +I umieścisz to w pliku `main.py`, to będziesz mógł tak wywołać `uvicorn`: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:my_awesome_api --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +### Krok 3: wykonaj *operację na ścieżce* + +#### Ścieżka + +"Ścieżka" tutaj odnosi się do ostatniej części adresu URL, zaczynając od pierwszego `/`. + +Więc, w adresie URL takim jak: + +``` +https://example.com/items/foo +``` + +...ścieżką będzie: + +``` +/items/foo +``` + +!!! info + "Ścieżka" jest zazwyczaj nazywana "path", "endpoint" lub "route'. + +Podczas budowania API, "ścieżka" jest głównym sposobem na oddzielenie "odpowiedzialności" i „zasobów”. + +#### Operacje + +"Operacje" tutaj odnoszą się do jednej z "metod" HTTP. + +Jedna z: + +* `POST` +* `GET` +* `PUT` +* `DELETE` + +...i te bardziej egzotyczne: + +* `OPTIONS` +* `HEAD` +* `PATCH` +* `TRACE` + +W protokole HTTP można komunikować się z każdą ścieżką za pomocą jednej (lub więcej) "metod". + +--- + +Podczas tworzenia API zwykle używasz tych metod HTTP do wykonania określonej akcji. + +Zazwyczaj używasz: + +* `POST`: do tworzenia danych. +* `GET`: do odczytywania danych. +* `PUT`: do aktualizacji danych. +* `DELETE`: do usuwania danych. + +Tak więc w OpenAPI każda z metod HTTP nazywana jest "operacją". + +Będziemy je również nazywali "**operacjami**". + +#### Zdefiniuj *dekorator operacji na ścieżce* + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`@app.get("/")` mówi **FastAPI** że funkcja poniżej odpowiada za obsługę żądań, które trafiają do: + +* ścieżki `/` +* używając operacji get + +!!! info "`@decorator` Info" + Składnia `@something` jest w Pythonie nazywana "dekoratorem". + + Umieszczasz to na szczycie funkcji. Jak ładną ozdobną czapkę (chyba stąd wzięła się nazwa). + + "Dekorator" przyjmuje funkcję znajdującą się poniżej jego i coś z nią robi. + + W naszym przypadku dekorator mówi **FastAPI**, że poniższa funkcja odpowiada **ścieżce** `/` z **operacją** `get`. + + Jest to "**dekorator operacji na ścieżce**". + +Możesz również użyć innej operacji: + +* `@app.post()` +* `@app.put()` +* `@app.delete()` + +Oraz tych bardziej egzotycznych: + +* `@app.options()` +* `@app.head()` +* `@app.patch()` +* `@app.trace()` + +!!! tip + Możesz dowolnie używać każdej operacji (metody HTTP). + + **FastAPI** nie narzuca żadnego konkretnego znaczenia. + + Informacje tutaj są przedstawione jako wskazówka, a nie wymóg. + + Na przykład, używając GraphQL, normalnie wykonujesz wszystkie akcje używając tylko operacji `POST`. + +### Krok 4: zdefiniuj **funkcję obsługującą ścieżkę** + +To jest nasza "**funkcja obsługująca ścieżkę**": + +* **ścieżka**: to `/`. +* **operacja**: to `get`. +* **funkcja**: to funkcja poniżej "dekoratora" (poniżej `@app.get("/")`). + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Jest to funkcja Python. + +Zostanie ona wywołana przez **FastAPI** za każdym razem, gdy otrzyma żądanie do adresu URL "`/`" przy użyciu operacji `GET`. + +W tym przypadku jest to funkcja "asynchroniczna". + +--- + +Możesz również zdefiniować to jako normalną funkcję zamiast `async def`: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +!!! note + Jeśli nie znasz różnicy, sprawdź [Async: *"In a hurry?"*](/async/#in-a-hurry){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +### Krok 5: zwróć zawartość + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Możesz zwrócić `dict`, `list`, pojedynczą wartość jako `str`, `int`, itp. + +Możesz również zwrócić modele Pydantic (więcej o tym później). + +Istnieje wiele innych obiektów i modeli, które zostaną automatycznie skonwertowane do formatu JSON (w tym ORM itp.). Spróbuj użyć swoich ulubionych, jest bardzo prawdopodobne, że są już obsługiwane. + +## Podsumowanie + +* Zaimportuj `FastAPI`. +* Stwórz instancję `app`. +* Dodaj **dekorator operacji na ścieżce** (taki jak `@app.get("/")`). +* Napisz **funkcję obsługującą ścieżkę** (taką jak `def root(): ...` powyżej). +* Uruchom serwer deweloperski (`uvicorn main:app --reload`). diff --git a/docs/pl/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/pl/docs/tutorial/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f8c5c6022 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pl/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +# Samouczek + +Ten samouczek pokaże Ci, krok po kroku, jak używać większości funkcji **FastAPI**. + +Każda część korzysta z poprzednich, ale jest jednocześnie osobnym tematem. Możesz przejść bezpośrednio do każdego rozdziału, jeśli szukasz rozwiązania konkretnego problemu. + +Samouczek jest tak zbudowany, żeby służył jako punkt odniesienia w przyszłości. + +Możesz wracać i sprawdzać dokładnie to czego potrzebujesz. + +## Wykonywanie kodu + +Wszystkie fragmenty kodu mogą być skopiowane bezpośrednio i użyte (są poprawnymi i przetestowanymi plikami). + +Żeby wykonać każdy przykład skopiuj kod to pliku `main.py` i uruchom `uvicorn` za pomocą: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +**BARDZO zalecamy** pisanie bądź kopiowanie kodu, edycję, a następnie wykonywanie go lokalnie. + +Użycie w Twoim edytorze jest tym, co pokazuje prawdziwe korzyści z FastAPI, pozwala zobaczyć jak mało kodu musisz napisać, wszystkie funkcje, takie jak kontrola typów, automatyczne uzupełnianie, itd. + +--- + +## Instalacja FastAPI + +Jako pierwszy krok zainstaluj FastAPI. + +Na potrzeby samouczka możesz zainstalować również wszystkie opcjonalne biblioteki: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +...wliczając w to `uvicorn`, który będzie służył jako serwer wykonujacy Twój kod. + +!!! note + Możesz również wykonać instalację "krok po kroku". + + Prawdopodobnie zechcesz to zrobić, kiedy będziesz wdrażać swoją aplikację w środowisku produkcyjnym: + + ``` + pip install fastapi + ``` + + Zainstaluj też `uvicorn`, który będzie służył jako serwer: + + ``` + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + ``` + + Tak samo możesz zainstalować wszystkie dodatkowe biblioteki, których chcesz użyć. + +## Zaawansowany poradnik + +Jest też **Zaawansowany poradnik**, który możesz przeczytać po lekturze tego **Samouczka**. + +**Zaawansowany poradnik** opiera się na tym samouczku, używa tych samych pojęć, żeby pokazać Ci kilka dodatkowych funkcji. + +Najpierw jednak powinieneś przeczytać **Samouczek** (czytasz go teraz). + +Ten rozdział jest zaprojektowany tak, że możesz stworzyć kompletną aplikację używając tylko informacji tutaj zawartych, a następnie rozszerzać ją na różne sposoby, w zależności od potrzeb, używając kilku dodatkowych pomysłów z **Zaawansowanego poradnika**. diff --git a/docs/pl/mkdocs.yml b/docs/pl/mkdocs.yml index 220008607..de18856f4 100644 --- a/docs/pl/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/pl/mkdocs.yml @@ -1,128 +1 @@ -site_name: FastAPI -site_description: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production -site_url: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/pl/ -theme: - name: material - custom_dir: overrides - palette: - - scheme: default - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb - name: Switch to light mode - - scheme: slate - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb-outline - name: Switch to dark mode - features: - - search.suggest - - search.highlight - - content.tabs.link - icon: - repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - logo: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/icon-white.svg - favicon: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png - language: pl -repo_name: tiangolo/fastapi -repo_url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi -edit_uri: '' -google_analytics: -- UA-133183413-1 -- auto -plugins: -- search -- markdownextradata: - data: data -nav: -- FastAPI: index.md -- Languages: - - en: / - - az: /az/ - - de: /de/ - - es: /es/ - - fr: /fr/ - - id: /id/ - - it: /it/ - - ja: /ja/ - - ko: /ko/ - - pl: /pl/ - - pt: /pt/ - - ru: /ru/ - - sq: /sq/ - - tr: /tr/ - - uk: /uk/ - - zh: /zh/ -markdown_extensions: -- toc: - permalink: true -- markdown.extensions.codehilite: - guess_lang: false -- mdx_include: - base_path: docs -- admonition -- codehilite -- extra -- pymdownx.superfences: - custom_fences: - - name: mermaid - class: mermaid - format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' -- pymdownx.tabbed -extra: - social: - - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/discord - link: https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf - - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter - link: https://twitter.com/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin - link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/dev - link: https://dev.to/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/medium - link: https://medium.com/@tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/solid/globe - link: https://tiangolo.com - alternate: - - link: / - name: en - English - - link: /az/ - name: az - - link: /de/ - name: de - - link: /es/ - name: es - español - - link: /fr/ - name: fr - français - - link: /id/ - name: id - - link: /it/ - name: it - italiano - - link: /ja/ - name: ja - 日本語 - - link: /ko/ - name: ko - 한국어 - - link: /pl/ - name: pl - - link: /pt/ - name: pt - português - - link: /ru/ - name: ru - русский язык - - link: /sq/ - name: sq - shqip - - link: /tr/ - name: tr - Türkçe - - link: /uk/ - name: uk - українська мова - - link: /zh/ - name: zh - 汉语 -extra_css: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/termynal.css -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/custom.css -extra_javascript: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/termynal.js -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/custom.js +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/advanced/events.md b/docs/pt/docs/advanced/events.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7f6cb6f5d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/advanced/events.md @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ +# Eventos de vida útil + +Você pode definir a lógica (código) que poderia ser executada antes da aplicação **inicializar**. Isso significa que esse código será executado **uma vez**, **antes** da aplicação **começar a receber requisições**. + +Do mesmo modo, você pode definir a lógica (código) que será executada quando a aplicação estiver sendo **encerrada**. Nesse caso, este código será executado **uma vez**, **depois** de ter possivelmente tratado **várias requisições**. + +Por conta desse código ser executado antes da aplicação **começar** a receber requisições, e logo após **terminar** de lidar com as requisições, ele cobre toda a **vida útil** (_lifespan_) da aplicação (o termo "vida útil" será importante em um segundo 😉). + +Pode ser muito útil para configurar **recursos** que você precisa usar por toda aplicação, e que são **compartilhados** entre as requisições, e/ou que você precisa **limpar** depois. Por exemplo, o pool de uma conexão com o banco de dados ou carregamento de um modelo compartilhado de aprendizado de máquina (_machine learning_). + +## Caso de uso + +Vamos iniciar com um exemplo de **caso de uso** e então ver como resolvê-lo com isso. + +Vamos imaginar que você tem alguns **modelos de _machine learning_** que deseja usar para lidar com as requisições. 🤖 + +Os mesmos modelos são compartilhados entre as requisições, então não é um modelo por requisição, ou um por usuário ou algo parecido. + +Vamos imaginar que o carregamento do modelo pode **demorar bastante tempo**, porque ele tem que ler muitos **dados do disco**. Então você não quer fazer isso a cada requisição. + +Você poderia carregá-lo no nível mais alto do módulo/arquivo, mas isso também poderia significaria **carregar o modelo** mesmo se você estiver executando um simples teste automatizado, então esse teste poderia ser **lento** porque teria que esperar o carregamento do modelo antes de ser capaz de executar uma parte independente do código. + + +Isso é que nós iremos resolver, vamos carregar o modelo antes das requisições serem manuseadas, mas apenas um pouco antes da aplicação começar a receber requisições, não enquanto o código estiver sendo carregado. + +## Vida útil (_Lifespan_) + +Você pode definir essa lógica de *inicialização* e *encerramento* usando os parâmetros de `lifespan` da aplicação `FastAPI`, e um "gerenciador de contexto" (te mostrarei o que é isso a seguir). + +Vamos iniciar com um exemplo e ver isso detalhadamente. + +Nós criamos uma função assíncrona chamada `lifespan()` com `yield` como este: + +```Python hl_lines="16 19" +{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +Aqui nós estamos simulando a *inicialização* custosa do carregamento do modelo colocando a (falsa) função de modelo no dicionário com modelos de _machine learning_ antes do `yield`. Este código será executado **antes** da aplicação **começar a receber requisições**, durante a *inicialização*. + +E então, logo após o `yield`, descarregaremos o modelo. Esse código será executado **após** a aplicação **terminar de lidar com as requisições**, pouco antes do *encerramento*. Isso poderia, por exemplo, liberar recursos como memória ou GPU. + +!!! tip "Dica" + O `shutdown` aconteceria quando você estivesse **encerrando** a aplicação. + + Talvez você precise inicializar uma nova versão, ou apenas cansou de executá-la. 🤷 + +### Função _lifespan_ + +A primeira coisa a notar, é que estamos definindo uma função assíncrona com `yield`. Isso é muito semelhante à Dependências com `yield`. + +```Python hl_lines="14-19" +{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +A primeira parte da função, antes do `yield`, será executada **antes** da aplicação inicializar. + +E a parte posterior do `yield` irá executar **após** a aplicação ser encerrada. + +### Gerenciador de Contexto Assíncrono + +Se você verificar, a função está decorada com um `@asynccontextmanager`. + +Que converte a função em algo chamado de "**Gerenciador de Contexto Assíncrono**". + +```Python hl_lines="1 13" +{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +Um **gerenciador de contexto** em Python é algo que você pode usar em uma declaração `with`, por exemplo, `open()` pode ser usado como um gerenciador de contexto: + +```Python +with open("file.txt") as file: + file.read() +``` + +Nas versões mais recentes de Python, há também um **gerenciador de contexto assíncrono**. Você o usaria com `async with`: + +```Python +async with lifespan(app): + await do_stuff() +``` + +Quando você cria um gerenciador de contexto ou um gerenciador de contexto assíncrono como mencionado acima, o que ele faz é que, antes de entrar no bloco `with`, ele irá executar o código anterior ao `yield`, e depois de sair do bloco `with`, ele irá executar o código depois do `yield`. + +No nosso exemplo de código acima, nós não usamos ele diretamente, mas nós passamos para o FastAPI para ele usá-lo. + +O parâmetro `lifespan` da aplicação `FastAPI` usa um **Gerenciador de Contexto Assíncrono**, então nós podemos passar nosso novo gerenciador de contexto assíncrono do `lifespan` para ele. + +```Python hl_lines="22" +{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +## Eventos alternativos (deprecados) + +!!! warning "Aviso" + A maneira recomendada para lidar com a *inicialização* e o *encerramento* é usando o parâmetro `lifespan` da aplicação `FastAPI` como descrito acima. + + Você provavelmente pode pular essa parte. + +Existe uma forma alternativa para definir a execução dessa lógica durante *inicialização* e durante *encerramento*. + +Você pode definir manipuladores de eventos (funções) que precisam ser executadas antes da aplicação inicializar, ou quando a aplicação estiver encerrando. + +Essas funções podem ser declaradas com `async def` ou `def` normal. + +### Evento `startup` + +Para adicionar uma função que deve rodar antes da aplicação iniciar, declare-a com o evento `"startup"`: + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Nesse caso, a função de manipulação de evento `startup` irá inicializar os itens do "banco de dados" (só um `dict`) com alguns valores. + +Você pode adicionar mais que uma função de manipulação de evento. + +E sua aplicação não irá começar a receber requisições até que todos os manipuladores de eventos de `startup` sejam concluídos. + +### Evento `shutdown` + +Para adicionar uma função que deve ser executada quando a aplicação estiver encerrando, declare ela com o evento `"shutdown"`: + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +Aqui, a função de manipulação de evento `shutdown` irá escrever uma linha de texto `"Application shutdown"` no arquivo `log.txt`. + +!!! info "Informação" + Na função `open()`, o `mode="a"` significa "acrescentar", então, a linha irá ser adicionada depois de qualquer coisa que esteja naquele arquivo, sem sobrescrever o conteúdo anterior. + +!!! tip "Dica" + Perceba que nesse caso nós estamos usando a função padrão do Python `open()` que interage com um arquivo. + + Então, isso envolve I/O (input/output), que exige "esperar" que coisas sejam escritas em disco. + + Mas `open()` não usa `async` e `await`. + + Então, nós declaramos uma função de manipulação de evento com o padrão `def` ao invés de `async def`. + +### `startup` e `shutdown` juntos + +Há uma grande chance que a lógica para sua *inicialização* e *encerramento* esteja conectada, você pode querer iniciar alguma coisa e então finalizá-la, adquirir um recurso e então liberá-lo, etc. + +Fazendo isso em funções separadas que não compartilham lógica ou variáveis entre elas é mais difícil já que você precisa armazenar os valores em variáveis globais ou truques parecidos. + +Por causa disso, agora é recomendado em vez disso usar o `lifespan` como explicado acima. + +## Detalhes técnicos + +Só um detalhe técnico para nerds curiosos. 🤓 + +Por baixo, na especificação técnica ASGI, essa é a parte do Protocolo Lifespan, e define eventos chamados `startup` e `shutdown`. + +!!! info "Informação" + Você pode ler mais sobre o manipulador `lifespan` do Starlette na Documentação do Lifespan Starlette. + + Incluindo como manipular estado do lifespan que pode ser usado em outras áreas do seu código. + +## Sub Aplicações + +🚨 Tenha em mente que esses eventos de lifespan (de inicialização e desligamento) irão somente ser executados para a aplicação principal, não para [Sub Aplicações - Montagem](./sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/advanced/index.md b/docs/pt/docs/advanced/index.md index d1a57c6d1..7e276f732 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/advanced/index.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/advanced/index.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Guia de Usuário Avançado - Introdução +# Guia de Usuário Avançado ## Recursos Adicionais diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/alternatives.md b/docs/pt/docs/alternatives.md index 6559b7398..61ee4f900 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/alternatives.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/alternatives.md @@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ Agora APIStar é um conjunto de ferramentas para validar especificações OpenAP Existir. A idéia de declarar múltiplas coisas (validação de dados, serialização e documentação) com os mesmos tipos Python, que ao mesmo tempo fornecesse grande suporte ao editor, era algo que eu considerava uma brilhante idéia. - + E após procurar por um logo tempo por um framework similar e testar muitas alternativas diferentes, APIStar foi a melhor opção disponível. Então APIStar parou de existir como um servidor e Starlette foi criado, e foi uma nova melhor fundação para tal sistema. Essa foi a inspiração final para construir **FastAPI**. @@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ Essa é uma das principais coisas que **FastAPI** adiciona no topo, tudo baseado Controlar todas as partes web centrais. Adiciona recursos no topo. A classe `FastAPI` em si herda `Starlette`. - + Então, qualquer coisa que você faz com Starlette, você pode fazer diretamente com **FastAPI**, pois ele é basicamente um Starlette com esteróides. ### Uvicorn diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/async.md b/docs/pt/docs/async.md index 44f4b5148..be1278a1b 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/async.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/async.md @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ Para "síncrono" (contrário de "assíncrono") também é utilizado o termo "seq Essa idéia de código **assíncrono** descrito acima é algo às vezes chamado de **"concorrência"**. E é diferente de **"paralelismo"**. -**Concorrência** e **paralelismo** ambos são relacionados a "diferentes coisas acontecendo mais ou menos ao mesmo tempo". +**Concorrência** e **paralelismo** ambos são relacionados a "diferentes coisas acontecendo mais ou menos ao mesmo tempo". Mas os detalhes entre *concorrência* e *paralelismo* são bem diferentes. @@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ Mas então, embora você ainda não tenha os hambúrgueres, seu trabalho no caix Mas enquanto você se afasta do balcão e senta na mesa com o número da sua chamada, você pode trocar sua atenção para seu _crush_ :heart_eyes:, e "trabalhar" nisso. Então você está novamente fazendo algo muito "produtivo", como flertar com seu _crush_ :heart_eyes:. -Então o caixa diz que "seus hambúrgueres estão prontos" colocando seu número no balcão, mas você não corre que nem um maluco imediatamente quando o número exibido é o seu. Você sabe que ninguém irá roubar seus hambúrgueres porquê você tem o número de chamada, e os outros tem os números deles. +Então o caixa diz que "seus hambúrgueres estão prontos" colocando seu número no balcão, mas você não corre que nem um maluco imediatamente quando o número exibido é o seu. Você sabe que ninguém irá roubar seus hambúrgueres porquê você tem o número de chamada, e os outros tem os números deles. Então você espera que seu _crush_ :heart_eyes: termine a história que estava contando (terminar o trabalho atual / tarefa sendo processada), sorri gentilmente e diz que você está indo buscar os hambúrgueres. @@ -358,9 +358,9 @@ Tudo isso é o que deixa o FastAPI poderoso (através do Starlette) e que o faz !!! warning Você pode provavelmente pular isso. - + Esses são detalhes muito técnicos de como **FastAPI** funciona por baixo do capô. - + Se você tem algum conhecimento técnico (corrotinas, threads, blocking etc) e está curioso sobre como o FastAPI controla o `async def` vs normal `def`, vá em frente. ### Funções de operação de rota diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/benchmarks.md b/docs/pt/docs/benchmarks.md index 7f7c95ba1..07461ce46 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/benchmarks.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/benchmarks.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ As comparações independentes da TechEmpower mostram as aplicações **FastAPI** rodando com Uvicorn como um dos _frameworks_ Python mais rápidos disponíveis, somente atrás dos próprios Starlette e Uvicorn (utilizados internamente pelo FastAPI). (*) -Mas quando se checa _benchmarks_ e comparações você deveria ter o seguinte em mente. +Mas quando se checa _benchmarks_ e comparações você deveria ter o seguinte em mente. ## Comparações e velocidade diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/contributing.md b/docs/pt/docs/contributing.md index 327b8b607..02895fcfc 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/contributing.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/contributing.md @@ -89,61 +89,29 @@ Se ele exibir o binário `pip` em `env/bin/pip` então funcionou. 🎉 !!! tip Toda vez que você instalar um novo pacote com `pip` nesse ambiente, ative o ambiente novamente. - Isso garante que se você usar um programa instalado por aquele pacote (como `flit`), você utilizará aquele de seu ambiente local e não outro que possa estar instalado globalmente. + Isso garante que se você usar um programa instalado por aquele pacote, você utilizará aquele de seu ambiente local e não outro que possa estar instalado globalmente. -### Flit +### pip -**FastAPI** utiliza Flit para construir, empacotar e publicar o projeto. - -Após ativar o ambiente como descrito acima, instale o `flit`: +Após ativar o ambiente como descrito acima:
```console -$ pip install flit +$ pip install -r requirements.txt ---> 100% ```
-Ative novamente o ambiente para ter certeza que você esteja utilizando o `flit` que você acabou de instalar (e não um global). - -E agora use `flit` para instalar as dependências de desenvolvimento: - -=== "Linux, macOS" - -
- - ```console - $ flit install --deps develop --symlink - - ---> 100% - ``` - -
- -=== "Windows" - - Se você está no Windows, use `--pth-file` ao invés de `--symlink`: - -
- - ```console - $ flit install --deps develop --pth-file - - ---> 100% - ``` - -
- Isso irá instalar todas as dependências e seu FastAPI local em seu ambiente local. #### Usando seu FastAPI local Se você cria um arquivo Python que importa e usa FastAPI, e roda com Python de seu ambiente local, ele irá utilizar o código fonte de seu FastAPI local. -E se você atualizar o código fonte do FastAPI local, como ele é instalado com `--symlink` (ou `--pth-file` no Windows), quando você rodar aquele arquivo Python novamente, ele irá utilizar a nova versão do FastAPI que você acabou de editar. +E se você atualizar o código fonte do FastAPI local, como ele é instalado com `-e`, quando você rodar aquele arquivo Python novamente, ele irá utilizar a nova versão do FastAPI que você acabou de editar. Desse modo, você não tem que "instalar" sua versão local para ser capaz de testar cada mudança. @@ -161,7 +129,7 @@ $ bash scripts/format.sh Ele irá organizar também todos os seus imports. -Para que ele organize os imports corretamente, você precisa ter o FastAPI instalado localmente em seu ambiente, com o comando na seção acima usando `--symlink` (ou `--pth-file` no Windows). +Para que ele organize os imports corretamente, você precisa ter o FastAPI instalado localmente em seu ambiente, com o comando na seção acima usando `-e`. ### Formato dos imports diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/deployment.md b/docs/pt/docs/deployment.md index cd820cbd3..2272467fd 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/deployment.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/deployment.md @@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ Você apenas precisa instalar um servidor ASGI compatível como:
```console - $ pip install uvicorn[standard] + $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/deployment/docker.md b/docs/pt/docs/deployment/docker.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..42c31db29 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/deployment/docker.md @@ -0,0 +1,701 @@ +# FastAPI em contêineres - Docker + +Ao fazer o deploy de aplicações FastAPI uma abordagem comum é construir uma **imagem de contêiner Linux**. Isso normalmente é feito usando o **Docker**. Você pode a partir disso fazer o deploy dessa imagem de algumas maneiras. + +Usando contêineres Linux você tem diversas vantagens incluindo **segurança**, **replicabilidade**, **simplicidade**, entre outras. + +!!! Dica + Está com pressa e já sabe dessas coisas? Pode ir direto para [`Dockerfile` abaixo 👇](#build-a-docker-image-for-fastapi). + + +
+Visualização do Dockerfile 👀 + +```Dockerfile +FROM python:3.9 + +WORKDIR /code + +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +COPY ./app /code/app + +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] + +# If running behind a proxy like Nginx or Traefik add --proxy-headers +# CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80", "--proxy-headers"] +``` + +
+ +## O que é um Contêiner + +Contêineres (especificamente contêineres Linux) são um jeito muito **leve** de empacotar aplicações contendo todas as dependências e arquivos necessários enquanto os mantém isolados de outros contêineres (outras aplicações ou componentes) no mesmo sistema. + +Contêineres Linux rodam usando o mesmo kernel Linux do hospedeiro (máquina, máquina virtual, servidor na nuvem, etc). Isso simplesmente significa que eles são muito leves (comparados com máquinas virtuais emulando um sistema operacional completo). + +Dessa forma, contêineres consomem **poucos recursos**, uma quantidade comparável com rodar os processos diretamente (uma máquina virtual consumiria muito mais). + +Contêineres também possuem seus próprios processos (comumente um único processo), sistema de arquivos e rede **isolados** simplificando deploy, segurança, desenvolvimento, etc. + +## O que é uma Imagem de Contêiner + +Um **contêiner** roda a partir de uma **imagem de contêiner**. + +Uma imagem de contêiner é uma versão **estática** de todos os arquivos, variáveis de ambiente e do comando/programa padrão que deve estar presente num contêiner. **Estática** aqui significa que a **imagem** de contêiner não está rodando, não está sendo executada, somente contém os arquivos e metadados empacotados. + +Em contraste com a "**imagem de contêiner**" que contém os conteúdos estáticos armazenados, um "**contêiner**" normalmente se refere à instância rodando, a coisa que está sendo **executada**. + +Quando o **contêiner** é iniciado e está rodando (iniciado a partir de uma **imagem de contêiner**), ele pode criar ou modificar arquivos, variáveis de ambiente, etc. Essas mudanças vão existir somente nesse contêiner, mas não persistirão na imagem subjacente do container (não serão salvas no disco). + +Uma imagem de contêiner é comparável ao arquivo de **programa** e seus conteúdos, ex.: `python` e algum arquivo `main.py`. + +E o **contêiner** em si (em contraste à **imagem de contêiner**) é a própria instância da imagem rodando, comparável a um **processo**. Na verdade, um contêiner está rodando somente quando há um **processo rodando** (e normalmente é somente um processo). O contêiner finaliza quando não há um processo rodando nele. + +## Imagens de contêiner + +Docker tem sido uma das principais ferramentas para criar e gerenciar **imagens de contêiner** e **contêineres**. + +E existe um Docker Hub público com **imagens de contêiner oficiais** pré-prontas para diversas ferramentas, ambientes, bancos de dados e aplicações. + +Por exemplo, há uma Imagem Python oficial. + +E existe muitas outras imagens para diferentes coisas, como bancos de dados, por exemplo: + +* PostgreSQL +* MySQL +* MongoDB +* Redis, etc. + +Usando imagens de contêiner pré-prontas é muito fácil **combinar** e usar diferentes ferramentas. Por exemplo, para testar um novo banco de dados. Em muitos casos, você pode usar as **imagens oficiais** precisando somente de variáveis de ambiente para configurá-las. + +Dessa forma, em muitos casos você pode aprender sobre contêineres e Docker e re-usar essa experiência com diversos componentes e ferramentas. + +Então, você rodaria **vários contêineres** com coisas diferentes, como um banco de dados, uma aplicação Python, um servidor web com uma aplicação frontend React, e conectá-los juntos via sua rede interna. + +Todos os sistemas de gerenciamento de contêineres (como Docker ou Kubernetes) possuem essas funcionalidades de rede integradas a eles. + +## Contêineres e Processos + +Uma **imagem de contêiner** normalmente inclui em seus metadados o programa padrão ou comando que deve ser executado quando o **contêiner** é iniciado e os parâmetros a serem passados para esse programa. Muito similar ao que seria se estivesse na linha de comando. + +Quando um **contêiner** é iniciado, ele irá rodar esse comando/programa (embora você possa sobrescrevê-lo e fazer com que ele rode um comando/programa diferente). + +Um contêiner está rodando enquanto o **processo principal** (comando ou programa) estiver rodando. + +Um contêiner normalmente tem um **único processo**, mas também é possível iniciar sub-processos a partir do processo principal, e dessa forma você terá **vários processos** no mesmo contêiner. + +Mas não é possível ter um contêiner rodando sem **pelo menos um processo rodando**. Se o processo principal parar, o contêiner também para. + +## Construindo uma Imagem Docker para FastAPI + +Okay, vamos construir algo agora! 🚀 + +Eu vou mostrar como construir uma **imagem Docker** para FastAPI **do zero**, baseado na **imagem oficial do Python**. + +Isso é o que você quer fazer na **maioria dos casos**, por exemplo: + +* Usando **Kubernetes** ou ferramentas similares +* Quando rodando em uma **Raspberry Pi** +* Usando um serviço em nuvem que irá rodar uma imagem de contêiner para você, etc. + +### O Pacote Requirements + +Você normalmente teria os **requisitos do pacote** para sua aplicação em algum arquivo. + +Isso pode depender principalmente da ferramenta que você usa para **instalar** esses requisitos. + +O caminho mais comum de fazer isso é ter um arquivo `requirements.txt` com os nomes dos pacotes e suas versões, um por linha. + +Você, naturalmente, usaria as mesmas ideias que você leu em [Sobre Versões do FastAPI](./versions.md){.internal-link target=_blank} para definir os intervalos de versões. + +Por exemplo, seu `requirements.txt` poderia parecer com: + +``` +fastapi>=0.68.0,<0.69.0 +pydantic>=1.8.0,<2.0.0 +uvicorn>=0.15.0,<0.16.0 +``` + +E você normalmente instalaria essas dependências de pacote com `pip`, por exemplo: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install -r requirements.txt +---> 100% +Successfully installed fastapi pydantic uvicorn +``` + +
+ +!!! info + Há outros formatos e ferramentas para definir e instalar dependências de pacote. + + Eu vou mostrar um exemplo depois usando Poetry em uma seção abaixo. 👇 + +### Criando o Código do **FastAPI** + +* Crie um diretório `app` e entre nele. +* Crie um arquivo vazio `__init__.py`. +* Crie um arquivo `main.py` com: + +```Python +from typing import Optional + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +### Dockerfile + +Agora, no mesmo diretório do projeto, crie um arquivo `Dockerfile` com: + +```{ .dockerfile .annotate } +# (1) +FROM python:3.9 + +# (2) +WORKDIR /code + +# (3) +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +# (4) +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +# (5) +COPY ./app /code/app + +# (6) +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +1. Inicie a partir da imagem base oficial do Python. + +2. Defina o diretório de trabalho atual para `/code`. + + Esse é o diretório onde colocaremos o arquivo `requirements.txt` e o diretório `app`. + +3. Copie o arquivo com os requisitos para o diretório `/code`. + + Copie **somente** o arquivo com os requisitos primeiro, não o resto do código. + + Como esse arquivo **não muda com frequência**, o Docker irá detectá-lo e usar o **cache** para esse passo, habilitando o cache para o próximo passo também. + +4. Instale as dependências de pacote vindas do arquivo de requisitos. + + A opção `--no-cache-dir` diz ao `pip` para não salvar os pacotes baixados localmente, pois isso só aconteceria se `pip` fosse executado novamente para instalar os mesmos pacotes, mas esse não é o caso quando trabalhamos com contêineres. + + !!! note + `--no-cache-dir` é apenas relacionado ao `pip`, não tem nada a ver com Docker ou contêineres. + + A opção `--upgrade` diz ao `pip` para atualizar os pacotes se eles já estiverem instalados. + + Por causa do passo anterior de copiar o arquivo, ele pode ser detectado pelo **cache do Docker**, esse passo também **usará o cache do Docker** quando disponível. + + Usando o cache nesse passo irá **salvar** muito **tempo** quando você for construir a imagem repetidas vezes durante o desenvolvimento, ao invés de **baixar e instalar** todas as dependências **toda vez**. + +5. Copie o diretório `./app` dentro do diretório `/code`. + + Como isso tem todo o código contendo o que **muda com mais frequência**, o **cache do Docker** não será usado para esse passo ou para **qualquer passo seguinte** facilmente. + + Então, é importante colocar isso **perto do final** do `Dockerfile`, para otimizar o tempo de construção da imagem do contêiner. + +6. Defina o **comando** para rodar o servidor `uvicorn`. + + `CMD` recebe uma lista de strings, cada uma dessas strings é o que você digitaria na linha de comando separado por espaços. + + Esse comando será executado a partir do **diretório de trabalho atual**, o mesmo diretório `/code` que você definiu acima com `WORKDIR /code`. + + Porque o programa será iniciado em `/code` e dentro dele está o diretório `./app` com seu código, o **Uvicorn** será capaz de ver e **importar** `app` de `app.main`. + +!!! tip + Revise o que cada linha faz clicando em cada bolha com o número no código. 👆 + +Agora você deve ter uma estrutura de diretório como: + +``` +. +├── app +│   ├── __init__.py +│ └── main.py +├── Dockerfile +└── requirements.txt +``` + +#### Por Trás de um Proxy de Terminação TLS + +Se você está executando seu contêiner atrás de um Proxy de Terminação TLS (load balancer) como Nginx ou Traefik, adicione a opção `--proxy-headers`, isso fará com que o Uvicorn confie nos cabeçalhos enviados por esse proxy, informando que o aplicativo está sendo executado atrás do HTTPS, etc. + +```Dockerfile +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--proxy-headers", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +#### Cache Docker + +Existe um truque importante nesse `Dockerfile`, primeiro copiamos o **arquivo com as dependências sozinho**, não o resto do código. Deixe-me te contar o porquê disso. + +```Dockerfile +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt +``` + +Docker e outras ferramentas **constróem** essas imagens de contêiner **incrementalmente**, adicionando **uma camada em cima da outra**, começando do topo do `Dockerfile` e adicionando qualquer arquivo criado por cada uma das instruções do `Dockerfile`. + +Docker e ferramentas similares também usam um **cache interno** ao construir a imagem, se um arquivo não mudou desde a última vez que a imagem do contêiner foi construída, então ele irá **reutilizar a mesma camada** criada na última vez, ao invés de copiar o arquivo novamente e criar uma nova camada do zero. + +Somente evitar a cópia de arquivos não melhora muito as coisas, mas porque ele usou o cache para esse passo, ele pode **usar o cache para o próximo passo**. Por exemplo, ele pode usar o cache para a instrução que instala as dependências com: + +```Dockerfile +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt +``` + +O arquivo com os requisitos de pacote **não muda com frequência**. Então, ao copiar apenas esse arquivo, o Docker será capaz de **usar o cache** para esse passo. + +E então, o Docker será capaz de **usar o cache para o próximo passo** que baixa e instala essas dependências. E é aqui que **salvamos muito tempo**. ✨ ...e evitamos tédio esperando. 😪😆 + +Baixar e instalar as dependências do pacote **pode levar minutos**, mas usando o **cache** leva **segundos** no máximo. + +E como você estaria construindo a imagem do contêiner novamente e novamente durante o desenvolvimento para verificar se suas alterações de código estão funcionando, há muito tempo acumulado que isso economizaria. + +A partir daí, perto do final do `Dockerfile`, copiamos todo o código. Como isso é o que **muda com mais frequência**, colocamos perto do final, porque quase sempre, qualquer coisa depois desse passo não será capaz de usar o cache. + +```Dockerfile +COPY ./app /code/app +``` + +### Construindo a Imagem Docker + +Agora que todos os arquivos estão no lugar, vamos construir a imagem do contêiner. + +* Vá para o diretório do projeto (onde está o seu `Dockerfile`, contendo o diretório `app`). +* Construa sua imagem FastAPI: + +
+ +```console +$ docker build -t myimage . + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +!!! tip + Note o `.` no final, é equivalente a `./`, ele diz ao Docker o diretório a ser usado para construir a imagem do contêiner. + + Nesse caso, é o mesmo diretório atual (`.`). + +### Inicie o contêiner Docker + +* Execute um contêiner baseado na sua imagem: + +
+ +```console +$ docker run -d --name mycontêiner -p 80:80 myimage +``` + +
+ +## Verifique + +Você deve ser capaz de verificar isso no URL do seu contêiner Docker, por exemplo: http://192.168.99.100/items/5?q=somequery ou http://127.0.0.1/items/5?q=somequery (ou equivalente, usando seu host Docker). + +Você verá algo como: + +```JSON +{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} +``` + +## Documentação interativa da API + +Agora você pode ir para http://192.168.99.100/docs ou http://127.0.0.1/docs (ou equivalente, usando seu host Docker). + +Você verá a documentação interativa automática da API (fornecida pelo Swagger UI): + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +## Documentação alternativa da API + +E você também pode ir para http://192.168.99.100/redoc ou http://127.0.0.1/redoc (ou equivalente, usando seu host Docker). + +Você verá a documentação alternativa automática (fornecida pela ReDoc): + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +## Construindo uma Imagem Docker com um Arquivo Único FastAPI + +Se seu FastAPI for um único arquivo, por exemplo, `main.py` sem um diretório `./app`, sua estrutura de arquivos poderia ser assim: + +``` +. +├── Dockerfile +├── main.py +└── requirements.txt +``` + +Então você só teria que alterar os caminhos correspondentes para copiar o arquivo dentro do `Dockerfile`: + +```{ .dockerfile .annotate hl_lines="10 13" } +FROM python:3.9 + +WORKDIR /code + +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +# (1) +COPY ./main.py /code/ + +# (2) +CMD ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +1. Copie o arquivo `main.py` para o diretório `/code` diretamente (sem nenhum diretório `./app`). + +2. Execute o Uvicorn e diga a ele para importar o objeto `app` de `main` (em vez de importar de `app.main`). + +Então ajuste o comando Uvicorn para usar o novo módulo `main` em vez de `app.main` para importar o objeto FastAPI `app`. + +## Conceitos de Implantação + +Vamos falar novamente sobre alguns dos mesmos [Conceitos de Implantação](./concepts.md){.internal-link target=_blank} em termos de contêineres. + +Contêineres são principalmente uma ferramenta para simplificar o processo de **construção e implantação** de um aplicativo, mas eles não impõem uma abordagem particular para lidar com esses **conceitos de implantação** e existem várias estratégias possíveis. + +A **boa notícia** é que com cada estratégia diferente há uma maneira de cobrir todos os conceitos de implantação. 🎉 + +Vamos revisar esses **conceitos de implantação** em termos de contêineres: + +* HTTPS +* Executando na inicialização +* Reinicializações +* Replicação (número de processos rodando) +* Memória +* Passos anteriores antes de começar + +## HTTPS + +Se nos concentrarmos apenas na **imagem do contêiner** para um aplicativo FastAPI (e posteriormente no **contêiner** em execução), o HTTPS normalmente seria tratado **externamente** por outra ferramenta. + +Isso poderia ser outro contêiner, por exemplo, com Traefik, lidando com **HTTPS** e aquisição **automática** de **certificados**. + +!!! tip + Traefik tem integrações com Docker, Kubernetes e outros, portanto, é muito fácil configurar e configurar o HTTPS para seus contêineres com ele. + +Alternativamente, o HTTPS poderia ser tratado por um provedor de nuvem como um de seus serviços (enquanto ainda executasse o aplicativo em um contêiner). + +## Executando na inicialização e reinicializações + +Normalmente, outra ferramenta é responsável por **iniciar e executar** seu contêiner. + +Ela poderia ser o **Docker** diretamente, **Docker Compose**, **Kubernetes**, um **serviço de nuvem**, etc. + +Na maioria (ou em todos) os casos, há uma opção simples para habilitar a execução do contêiner na inicialização e habilitar reinicializações em falhas. Por exemplo, no Docker, é a opção de linha de comando `--restart`. + +Sem usar contêineres, fazer aplicativos executarem na inicialização e com reinicializações pode ser trabalhoso e difícil. Mas quando **trabalhando com contêineres** em muitos casos essa funcionalidade é incluída por padrão. ✨ + +## Replicação - Número de Processos + +Se você tiver um cluster de máquinas com **Kubernetes**, Docker Swarm Mode, Nomad ou outro sistema complexo semelhante para gerenciar contêineres distribuídos em várias máquinas, então provavelmente desejará **lidar com a replicação** no **nível do cluster** em vez de usar um **gerenciador de processos** (como o Gunicorn com workers) em cada contêiner. + +Um desses sistemas de gerenciamento de contêineres distribuídos como o Kubernetes normalmente tem alguma maneira integrada de lidar com a **replicação de contêineres** enquanto ainda oferece **balanceamento de carga** para as solicitações recebidas. Tudo no **nível do cluster**. + +Nesses casos, você provavelmente desejará criar uma **imagem do contêiner do zero** como [explicado acima](#dockerfile), instalando suas dependências e executando **um único processo Uvicorn** em vez de executar algo como Gunicorn com trabalhadores Uvicorn. + +### Balanceamento de Carga + +Quando usando contêineres, normalmente você terá algum componente **escutando na porta principal**. Poderia ser outro contêiner que também é um **Proxy de Terminação TLS** para lidar com **HTTPS** ou alguma ferramenta semelhante. + +Como esse componente assumiria a **carga** de solicitações e distribuiria isso entre os trabalhadores de uma maneira (esperançosamente) **balanceada**, ele também é comumente chamado de **Balanceador de Carga**. + +!!! tip + O mesmo componente **Proxy de Terminação TLS** usado para HTTPS provavelmente também seria um **Balanceador de Carga**. + +E quando trabalhar com contêineres, o mesmo sistema que você usa para iniciar e gerenciá-los já terá ferramentas internas para transmitir a **comunicação de rede** (por exemplo, solicitações HTTP) do **balanceador de carga** (que também pode ser um **Proxy de Terminação TLS**) para o(s) contêiner(es) com seu aplicativo. + +### Um Balanceador de Carga - Múltiplos Contêineres de Workers + +Quando trabalhando com **Kubernetes** ou sistemas similares de gerenciamento de contêiner distribuído, usando seus mecanismos de rede internos permitiria que o único **balanceador de carga** que estivesse escutando na **porta principal** transmitisse comunicação (solicitações) para possivelmente **múltiplos contêineres** executando seu aplicativo. + +Cada um desses contêineres executando seu aplicativo normalmente teria **apenas um processo** (ex.: um processo Uvicorn executando seu aplicativo FastAPI). Todos seriam **contêineres idênticos**, executando a mesma coisa, mas cada um com seu próprio processo, memória, etc. Dessa forma, você aproveitaria a **paralelização** em **núcleos diferentes** da CPU, ou até mesmo em **máquinas diferentes**. + +E o sistema de contêiner com o **balanceador de carga** iria **distribuir as solicitações** para cada um dos contêineres com seu aplicativo **em turnos**. Portanto, cada solicitação poderia ser tratada por um dos múltiplos **contêineres replicados** executando seu aplicativo. + +E normalmente esse **balanceador de carga** seria capaz de lidar com solicitações que vão para *outros* aplicativos em seu cluster (por exemplo, para um domínio diferente, ou sob um prefixo de URL diferente), e transmitiria essa comunicação para os contêineres certos para *esse outro* aplicativo em execução em seu cluster. + +### Um Processo por Contêiner + +Nesse tipo de cenário, provavelmente você desejará ter **um único processo (Uvicorn) por contêiner**, pois já estaria lidando com a replicação no nível do cluster. + +Então, nesse caso, você **não** desejará ter um gerenciador de processos como o Gunicorn com trabalhadores Uvicorn, ou o Uvicorn usando seus próprios trabalhadores Uvicorn. Você desejará ter apenas um **único processo Uvicorn** por contêiner (mas provavelmente vários contêineres). + +Tendo outro gerenciador de processos dentro do contêiner (como seria com o Gunicorn ou o Uvicorn gerenciando trabalhadores Uvicorn) só adicionaria **complexidade desnecessária** que você provavelmente já está cuidando com seu sistema de cluster. + +### Contêineres com Múltiplos Processos e Casos Especiais + +Claro, existem **casos especiais** em que você pode querer ter um **contêiner** com um **gerenciador de processos Gunicorn** iniciando vários **processos trabalhadores Uvicorn** dentro. + +Nesses casos, você pode usar a **imagem oficial do Docker** que inclui o **Gunicorn** como um gerenciador de processos executando vários **processos trabalhadores Uvicorn**, e algumas configurações padrão para ajustar o número de trabalhadores com base nos atuais núcleos da CPU automaticamente. Eu vou te contar mais sobre isso abaixo em [Imagem Oficial do Docker com Gunicorn - Uvicorn](#imagem-oficial-do-docker-com-gunicorn-uvicorn). + +Aqui estão alguns exemplos de quando isso pode fazer sentido: + +#### Um Aplicativo Simples + +Você pode querer um gerenciador de processos no contêiner se seu aplicativo for **simples o suficiente** para que você não precise (pelo menos não agora) ajustar muito o número de processos, e você pode simplesmente usar um padrão automatizado (com a imagem oficial do Docker), e você está executando em um **único servidor**, não em um cluster. + +#### Docker Compose + +Você pode estar implantando em um **único servidor** (não em um cluster) com o **Docker Compose**, então você não teria uma maneira fácil de gerenciar a replicação de contêineres (com o Docker Compose) enquanto preserva a rede compartilhada e o **balanceamento de carga**. + +Então você pode querer ter **um único contêiner** com um **gerenciador de processos** iniciando **vários processos trabalhadores** dentro. + +#### Prometheus and Outros Motivos + +Você também pode ter **outros motivos** que tornariam mais fácil ter um **único contêiner** com **múltiplos processos** em vez de ter **múltiplos contêineres** com **um único processo** em cada um deles. + +Por exemplo (dependendo de sua configuração), você poderia ter alguma ferramenta como um exportador do Prometheus no mesmo contêiner que deve ter acesso a **cada uma das solicitações** que chegam. + +Nesse caso, se você tivesse **múltiplos contêineres**, por padrão, quando o Prometheus fosse **ler as métricas**, ele receberia as métricas de **um único contêiner cada vez** (para o contêiner que tratou essa solicitação específica), em vez de receber as **métricas acumuladas** de todos os contêineres replicados. + +Então, nesse caso, poderia ser mais simples ter **um único contêiner** com **múltiplos processos**, e uma ferramenta local (por exemplo, um exportador do Prometheus) no mesmo contêiner coletando métricas do Prometheus para todos os processos internos e expor essas métricas no único contêiner. + +--- + +O ponto principal é que **nenhum** desses são **regras escritas em pedra** que você deve seguir cegamente. Você pode usar essas idéias para **avaliar seu próprio caso de uso** e decidir qual é a melhor abordagem para seu sistema, verificando como gerenciar os conceitos de: + +* Segurança - HTTPS +* Executando na inicialização +* Reinicializações +* Replicação (o número de processos em execução) +* Memória +* Passos anteriores antes de inicializar + +## Memória + +Se você executar **um único processo por contêiner**, terá uma quantidade mais ou menos bem definida, estável e limitada de memória consumida por cada um desses contêineres (mais de um se eles forem replicados). + +E então você pode definir esses mesmos limites e requisitos de memória em suas configurações para seu sistema de gerenciamento de contêineres (por exemplo, no **Kubernetes**). Dessa forma, ele poderá **replicar os contêineres** nas **máquinas disponíveis** levando em consideração a quantidade de memória necessária por eles e a quantidade disponível nas máquinas no cluster. + +Se sua aplicação for **simples**, isso provavelmente **não será um problema**, e você pode não precisar especificar limites de memória rígidos. Mas se você estiver **usando muita memória** (por exemplo, com **modelos de aprendizado de máquina**), deve verificar quanta memória está consumindo e ajustar o **número de contêineres** que executa em **cada máquina** (e talvez adicionar mais máquinas ao seu cluster). + +Se você executar **múltiplos processos por contêiner** (por exemplo, com a imagem oficial do Docker), deve garantir que o número de processos iniciados não **consuma mais memória** do que o disponível. + +## Passos anteriores antes de inicializar e contêineres + +Se você estiver usando contêineres (por exemplo, Docker, Kubernetes), existem duas abordagens principais que você pode usar. + +### Contêineres Múltiplos + +Se você tiver **múltiplos contêineres**, provavelmente cada um executando um **único processo** (por exemplo, em um cluster do **Kubernetes**), então provavelmente você gostaria de ter um **contêiner separado** fazendo o trabalho dos **passos anteriores** em um único contêiner, executando um único processo, **antes** de executar os contêineres trabalhadores replicados. + +!!! info + Se você estiver usando o Kubernetes, provavelmente será um Init Container. + +Se no seu caso de uso não houver problema em executar esses passos anteriores **em paralelo várias vezes** (por exemplo, se você não estiver executando migrações de banco de dados, mas apenas verificando se o banco de dados está pronto), então você também pode colocá-los em cada contêiner logo antes de iniciar o processo principal. + +### Contêiner Único + +Se você tiver uma configuração simples, com um **único contêiner** que então inicia vários **processos trabalhadores** (ou também apenas um processo), então poderia executar esses passos anteriores no mesmo contêiner, logo antes de iniciar o processo com o aplicativo. A imagem oficial do Docker suporta isso internamente. + +## Imagem Oficial do Docker com Gunicorn - Uvicorn + +Há uma imagem oficial do Docker que inclui o Gunicorn executando com trabalhadores Uvicorn, conforme detalhado em um capítulo anterior: [Server Workers - Gunicorn com Uvicorn](./server-workers.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Essa imagem seria útil principalmente nas situações descritas acima em: [Contêineres com Múltiplos Processos e Casos Especiais](#contêineres-com-múltiplos-processos-e-casos-Especiais). + +* tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi. + +!!! warning + Existe uma grande chance de que você **não** precise dessa imagem base ou de qualquer outra semelhante, e seria melhor construir a imagem do zero, como [descrito acima em: Construa uma Imagem Docker para o FastAPI](#construa-uma-imagem-docker-para-o-fastapi). + +Essa imagem tem um mecanismo de **auto-ajuste** incluído para definir o **número de processos trabalhadores** com base nos núcleos de CPU disponíveis. + +Isso tem **padrões sensíveis**, mas você ainda pode alterar e atualizar todas as configurações com **variáveis de ambiente** ou arquivos de configuração. + +Há também suporte para executar **passos anteriores antes de iniciar** com um script. + +!!! tip + Para ver todas as configurações e opções, vá para a página da imagem Docker: tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi. + +### Número de Processos na Imagem Oficial do Docker + +O **número de processos** nesta imagem é **calculado automaticamente** a partir dos **núcleos de CPU** disponíveis. + +Isso significa que ele tentará **aproveitar** o máximo de **desempenho** da CPU possível. + +Você também pode ajustá-lo com as configurações usando **variáveis de ambiente**, etc. + +Mas isso também significa que, como o número de processos depende da CPU do contêiner em execução, a **quantidade de memória consumida** também dependerá disso. + +Então, se seu aplicativo consumir muito memória (por exemplo, com modelos de aprendizado de máquina), e seu servidor tiver muitos núcleos de CPU **mas pouca memória**, então seu contêiner pode acabar tentando usar mais memória do que está disponível e degradar o desempenho muito (ou até mesmo travar). 🚨 + +### Criando um `Dockerfile` + +Aqui está como você criaria um `Dockerfile` baseado nessa imagem: + +```Dockerfile +FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.9 + +COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /app/requirements.txt + +COPY ./app /app +``` + +### Aplicações Maiores + +Se você seguiu a seção sobre a criação de [Aplicações Maiores com Múltiplos Arquivos](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, seu `Dockerfile` pode parecer com isso: + +```Dockerfile + +```Dockerfile hl_lines="7" +FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.9 + +COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /app/requirements.txt + +COPY ./app /app/app +``` + +### Quando Usar + +Você provavelmente **não** deve usar essa imagem base oficial (ou qualquer outra semelhante) se estiver usando **Kubernetes** (ou outros) e já estiver definindo **replicação** no nível do cluster, com vários **contêineres**. Nesses casos, é melhor **construir uma imagem do zero** conforme descrito acima: [Construindo uma Imagem Docker para FastAPI](#construindo-uma-imagem-docker-para-fastapi). + +Essa imagem seria útil principalmente nos casos especiais descritos acima em [Contêineres com Múltiplos Processos e Casos Especiais](#contêineres-com-múltiplos-processos-e-casos-Especiais). Por exemplo, se sua aplicação for **simples o suficiente** para que a configuração padrão de número de processos com base na CPU funcione bem, você não quer se preocupar com a configuração manual da replicação no nível do cluster e não está executando mais de um contêiner com seu aplicativo. Ou se você estiver implantando com **Docker Compose**, executando em um único servidor, etc. + +## Deploy da Imagem do Contêiner + +Depois de ter uma imagem de contêiner (Docker), existem várias maneiras de implantá-la. + +Por exemplo: + +* Com **Docker Compose** em um único servidor +* Com um cluster **Kubernetes** +* Com um cluster Docker Swarm Mode +* Com outra ferramenta como o Nomad +* Com um serviço de nuvem que pega sua imagem de contêiner e a implanta + +## Imagem Docker com Poetry + +Se você usa Poetry para gerenciar as dependências do seu projeto, pode usar a construção multi-estágio do Docker: + +```{ .dockerfile .annotate } +# (1) +FROM python:3.9 as requirements-stage + +# (2) +WORKDIR /tmp + +# (3) +RUN pip install poetry + +# (4) +COPY ./pyproject.toml ./poetry.lock* /tmp/ + +# (5) +RUN poetry export -f requirements.txt --output requirements.txt --without-hashes + +# (6) +FROM python:3.9 + +# (7) +WORKDIR /code + +# (8) +COPY --from=requirements-stage /tmp/requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +# (9) +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +# (10) +COPY ./app /code/app + +# (11) +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +1. Esse é o primeiro estágio, ele é chamado `requirements-stage`. + +2. Defina `/tmp` como o diretório de trabalho atual. + + Aqui é onde geraremos o arquivo `requirements.txt` + +3. Instale o Poetry nesse estágio do Docker. + +4. Copie os arquivos `pyproject.toml` e `poetry.lock` para o diretório `/tmp`. + + Porque está usando `./poetry.lock*` (terminando com um `*`), não irá falhar se esse arquivo ainda não estiver disponível. + +5. Gere o arquivo `requirements.txt`. + +6. Este é o estágio final, tudo aqui será preservado na imagem final do contêiner. + +7. Defina o diretório de trabalho atual como `/code`. + +8. Copie o arquivo `requirements.txt` para o diretório `/code`. + + Essse arquivo só existe no estágio anterior do Docker, é por isso que usamos `--from-requirements-stage` para copiá-lo. + +9. Instale as dependências de pacote do arquivo `requirements.txt` gerado. + +10. Copie o diretório `app` para o diretório `/code`. + +11. Execute o comando `uvicorn`, informando-o para usar o objeto `app` importado de `app.main`. + +!!! tip + Clique nos números das bolhas para ver o que cada linha faz. + +Um **estágio do Docker** é uma parte de um `Dockerfile` que funciona como uma **imagem temporária do contêiner** que só é usada para gerar alguns arquivos para serem usados posteriormente. + +O primeiro estágio será usado apenas para **instalar Poetry** e para **gerar o `requirements.txt`** com as dependências do seu projeto a partir do arquivo `pyproject.toml` do Poetry. + +Esse arquivo `requirements.txt` será usado com `pip` mais tarde no **próximo estágio**. + +Na imagem final do contêiner, **somente o estágio final** é preservado. Os estágios anteriores serão descartados. + +Quando usar Poetry, faz sentido usar **construções multi-estágio do Docker** porque você realmente não precisa ter o Poetry e suas dependências instaladas na imagem final do contêiner, você **apenas precisa** ter o arquivo `requirements.txt` gerado para instalar as dependências do seu projeto. + +Então, no próximo (e último) estágio, você construiria a imagem mais ou menos da mesma maneira descrita anteriormente. + +### Por trás de um proxy de terminação TLS - Poetry + +Novamente, se você estiver executando seu contêiner atrás de um proxy de terminação TLS (balanceador de carga) como Nginx ou Traefik, adicione a opção `--proxy-headers` ao comando: + +```Dockerfile +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--proxy-headers", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +## Recapitulando + +Usando sistemas de contêiner (por exemplo, com **Docker** e **Kubernetes**), torna-se bastante simples lidar com todos os **conceitos de implantação**: + +* HTTPS +* Executando na inicialização +* Reinícios +* Replicação (o número de processos rodando) +* Memória +* Passos anteriores antes de inicializar + +Na maioria dos casos, você provavelmente não desejará usar nenhuma imagem base e, em vez disso, **construir uma imagem de contêiner do zero** baseada na imagem oficial do Docker Python. + +Tendo cuidado com a **ordem** das instruções no `Dockerfile` e o **cache do Docker**, você pode **minimizar os tempos de construção**, para maximizar sua produtividade (e evitar a tédio). 😎 + +Em alguns casos especiais, você pode querer usar a imagem oficial do Docker para o FastAPI. 🤓 diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/deployment/index.md b/docs/pt/docs/deployment/index.md index 1ff0e44a0..6b4290d1d 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/deployment/index.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/deployment/index.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Implantação - Introdução +# Implantação A implantação de uma aplicação **FastAPI** é relativamente simples. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/external-links.md b/docs/pt/docs/external-links.md index 6ec6c3a27..77ec32351 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/external-links.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/external-links.md @@ -9,70 +9,21 @@ Aqui tem uma lista, incompleta, de algumas delas. !!! tip "Dica" Se você tem um artigo, projeto, ferramenta ou qualquer coisa relacionada ao **FastAPI** que ainda não está listada aqui, crie um _Pull Request_ adicionando ele. -## Artigos +{% for section_name, section_content in external_links.items() %} -### Inglês +## {{ section_name }} -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.english %} +{% for lang_name, lang_content in section_content.items() %} + +### {{ lang_name }} + +{% for item in lang_content %} + +* {{ item.title }} by {{ item.author }}. -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. {% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -### Japonês - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.japanese %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. {% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -### Vietnamita - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.vietnamese %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. {% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -### Russo - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.russian %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -### Alemão - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.german %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -## Podcasts - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.podcasts.english %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -## Palestras - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.talks.english %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} ## Projetos diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/features.md b/docs/pt/docs/features.md index 20014fe2d..822992c5b 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/features.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/features.md @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Documentação interativa da API e navegação _web_ da interface de usuário. C ### Apenas Python moderno -Tudo é baseado no padrão das declarações de **tipos do Python 3.6** (graças ao Pydantic). Nenhuma sintaxe nova para aprender. Apenas o padrão moderno do Python. +Tudo é baseado no padrão das declarações de **tipos do Python 3.8** (graças ao Pydantic). Nenhuma sintaxe nova para aprender. Apenas o padrão moderno do Python. Se você precisa refrescar a memória rapidamente sobre como usar tipos do Python (mesmo que você não use o FastAPI), confira esse rápido tutorial: [Tipos do Python](python-types.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ Com **FastAPI**, você terá todos os recursos do **Starlette** (já que FastAPI * Suporte a **GraphQL**. * Tarefas em processo _background_. * Eventos na inicialização e encerramento. -* Cliente de testes construído sobre `requests`. +* Cliente de testes construído sobre HTTPX. * Respostas em **CORS**, GZip, Static Files, Streaming. * Suporte a **Session e Cookie**. * 100% de cobertura de testes. @@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ Com **FastAPI** você terá todos os recursos do **Pydantic** (já que FastAPI u * Vai bem com o/a seu/sua **IDE/linter/cérebro**: * Como as estruturas de dados do Pydantic são apenas instâncias de classes que você define, a auto completação, _linting_, _mypy_ e a sua intuição devem funcionar corretamente com seus dados validados. * **Rápido**: - * em _benchmarks_, o Pydantic é mais rápido que todas as outras bibliotecas testadas. + * em _benchmarks_, o Pydantic é mais rápido que todas as outras bibliotecas testadas. * Valida **estruturas complexas**: * Use modelos hierárquicos do Pydantic, `List` e `Dict` do `typing` do Python, etc. * Validadores permitem que esquemas de dados complexos sejam limpos e facilmente definidos, conferidos e documentados como JSON Schema. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/help-fastapi.md b/docs/pt/docs/help-fastapi.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d04905197 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/help-fastapi.md @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +# Ajuda FastAPI - Obter Ajuda + +Você gosta do **FastAPI**? + +Você gostaria de ajudar o FastAPI, outros usários, e o autor? + +Ou você gostaria de obter ajuda relacionada ao **FastAPI**?? + +Existem métodos muito simples de ajudar (A maioria das ajudas podem ser feitas com um ou dois cliques). + +E também existem vários modos de se conseguir ajuda. + +## Inscreva-se na newsletter + +Você pode se inscrever (pouco frequente) [**FastAPI e amigos** newsletter](/newsletter/){.internal-link target=_blank} para receber atualizações: + +* Notícias sobre FastAPI e amigos 🚀 +* Tutoriais 📝 +* Recursos ✨ +* Mudanças de última hora 🚨 +* Truques e dicas ✅ + +## Siga o FastAPI no twitter + +Siga @fastapi no **Twitter** para receber as últimas notícias sobre o **FastAPI**. 🐦 + +## Favorite o **FastAPI** no GitHub + +Você pode "favoritar" o FastAPI no GitHub (clicando na estrela no canto superior direito): https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. ⭐️ + +Favoritando, outros usuários poderão encontrar mais facilmente e verão que já foi útil para muita gente. + +## Acompanhe novos updates no repositorio do GitHub + +Você pode "acompanhar" (watch) o FastAPI no GitHub (clicando no botão com um "olho" no canto superior direito): https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. 👀 + +Podendo selecionar apenas "Novos Updates". + +Fazendo isto, serão enviadas notificações (em seu email) sempre que tiver novos updates (uma nova versão) com correções de bugs e novos recursos no **FastAPI** + +## Conect-se com o autor + +Você pode se conectar comigo (Sebastián Ramírez / `tiangolo`), o autor. + +Você pode: + +* Me siga no **GitHub**. + * Ver também outros projetos Open Source criados por mim que podem te ajudar. + * Me seguir para saber quando um novo projeto Open Source for criado. +* Me siga no **Twitter**. + * Me dizer o motivo pelo o qual você está usando o FastAPI(Adoro ouvir esse tipo de comentário). + * Saber quando eu soltar novos anúncios ou novas ferramentas. + * Também é possivel seguir o @fastapi no Twitter (uma conta aparte). +* Conect-se comigo no **Linkedin**. + * Saber quando eu fizer novos anúncios ou novas ferramentas (apesar de que uso o twitter com mais frequência 🤷‍♂). +* Ler meus artigos (ou me seguir) no **Dev.to** ou no **Medium**. + * Ficar por dentro de novas ideias, artigos, e ferramentas criadas por mim. + * Me siga para saber quando eu publicar algo novo. + +## Tweete sobre **FastAPI** + +Tweete sobre o **FastAPI** e compartilhe comigo e com os outros o porque de gostar do FastAPI. 🎉 + +Adoro ouvir sobre como o **FastAPI** é usado, o que você gosta nele, em qual projeto/empresa está sendo usado, etc. + +## Vote no FastAPI + +* Vote no **FastAPI** no Slant. +* Vote no **FastAPI** no AlternativeTo. + +## Responda perguntas no GitHub + +Você pode acompanhar as perguntas existentes e tentar ajudar outros, . 🤓 + +Ajudando a responder as questões de varias pessoas, você pode se tornar um [Expert em FastAPI](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank} oficial. 🎉 + +## Acompanhe o repositório do GitHub + +Você pode "acompanhar" (watch) o FastAPI no GitHub (clicando no "olho" no canto superior direito): https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. 👀 + +Se você selecionar "Acompanhando" (Watching) em vez de "Apenas Lançamentos" (Releases only) você receberá notificações quando alguém tiver uma nova pergunta. + +Assim podendo tentar ajudar a resolver essas questões. + +## Faça perguntas + +É possível criar uma nova pergunta no repositório do GitHub, por exemplo: + +* Faça uma **pergunta** ou pergunte sobre um **problema**. +* Sugira novos **recursos**. + +**Nota**: Se você fizer uma pergunta, então eu gostaria de pedir que você também ajude os outros com suas respectivas perguntas. 😉 + +## Crie um Pull Request + +É possível [contribuir](contributing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} no código fonte fazendo Pull Requests, por exemplo: + +* Para corrigir um erro de digitação que você encontrou na documentação. +* Para compartilhar um artigo, video, ou podcast criados por você sobre o FastAPI editando este arquivo. + * Não se esqueça de adicionar o link no começo da seção correspondente. +* Para ajudar [traduzir a documentação](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank} para sua lingua. + * Também é possivel revisar as traduções já existentes. +* Para propor novas seções na documentação. +* Para corrigir um bug/questão. +* Para adicionar um novo recurso. + +## Entre no chat + +Entre no 👥 server de conversa do Discord 👥 e conheça novas pessoas da comunidade +do FastAPI. + +!!! dica + Para perguntas, pergunte nas questões do GitHub, lá tem um chance maior de você ser ajudado sobre o FastAPI [FastAPI Experts](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. + + Use o chat apenas para outro tipo de assunto. + +### Não faça perguntas no chat + +Tenha em mente que os chats permitem uma "conversa mais livre", dessa forma é muito fácil fazer perguntas que são muito genéricas e dificeís de responder, assim você pode acabar não sendo respondido. + +Nas questões do GitHub o template irá te guiar para que você faça a sua pergunta de um jeito mais correto, fazendo com que você receba respostas mais completas, e até mesmo que você mesmo resolva o problema antes de perguntar. E no GitHub eu garanto que sempre irei responder todas as perguntas, mesmo que leve um tempo. Eu pessoalmente não consigo fazer isso via chat. 😅 + +Conversas no chat não são tão fáceis de serem encontrados quanto no GitHub, então questões e respostas podem se perder dentro da conversa. E apenas as que estão nas questões do GitHub contam para você se tornar um [Expert em FastAPI](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}, então você receberá mais atenção nas questões do GitHub. + +Por outro lado, existem milhares de usuários no chat, então tem uma grande chance de você encontrar alguém para trocar uma idéia por lá em qualquer horário. 😄 + +## Patrocine o autor + +Você também pode ajudar o autor financeiramente (eu) através do GitHub sponsors. + +Lá você pode me pagar um cafézinho ☕️ como agradecimento. 😄 + +E você também pode se tornar um patrocinador Prata ou Ouro do FastAPI. 🏅🎉 + +## Patrocine as ferramente que potencializam o FastAPI + +Como você viu na documentação, o FastAPI se apoia em nos gigantes, Starlette e Pydantic. + +Patrocine também: + +* Samuel Colvin (Pydantic) +* Encode (Starlette, Uvicorn) + +--- + +Muito Obrigado! 🚀 diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/index.md b/docs/pt/docs/index.md index 848fff08a..d1e64b3b9 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/index.md @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ --- -FastAPI é um moderno e rápido (alta performance) _framework web_ para construção de APIs com Python 3.6 ou superior, baseado nos _type hints_ padrões do Python. +FastAPI é um moderno e rápido (alta performance) _framework web_ para construção de APIs com Python 3.8 ou superior, baseado nos _type hints_ padrões do Python. Os recursos chave são: @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ Se você estiver construindo uma aplicação ```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ $ pip install uvicorn[standard] * Crie um arquivo `main.py` com: ```Python -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` @@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): Se seu código utiliza `async` / `await`, use `async def`: ```Python hl_lines="9 14" -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ async def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` @@ -253,6 +253,8 @@ Agora modifique o arquivo `main.py` para receber um corpo para uma requisição Declare o corpo utilizando tipos padrão Python, graças ao Pydantic. ```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" +from typing import Union + from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -262,7 +264,7 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str price: float - is_offer: Optional[bool] = None + is_offer: Union[bool] = None @app.get("/") @@ -271,7 +273,7 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} @@ -290,7 +292,7 @@ Agora vá para ujson - para JSON mais rápido "parsing". * email_validator - para validação de email. Usados por Starlette: -* requests - Necessário se você quiser utilizar o `TestClient`. -* aiofiles - Necessário se você quiser utilizar o `FileResponse` ou `StaticFiles`. +* httpx - Necessário se você quiser utilizar o `TestClient`. * jinja2 - Necessário se você quiser utilizar a configuração padrão de templates. * python-multipart - Necessário se você quiser suporte com "parsing" de formulário, com `request.form()`. * itsdangerous - Necessário para suporte a `SessionMiddleware`. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/python-types.md b/docs/pt/docs/python-types.md index df70afd40..9f12211c7 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/python-types.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/python-types.md @@ -313,4 +313,3 @@ O importante é que, usando tipos padrão de Python, em um único local (em vez !!! info "Informação" Se você já passou por todo o tutorial e voltou para ver mais sobre os tipos, um bom recurso é a "cheat sheet" do `mypy` . - diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..625fa2b11 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +# Tarefas em segundo plano + +Você pode definir tarefas em segundo plano a serem executadas _ após _ retornar uma resposta. + +Isso é útil para operações que precisam acontecer após uma solicitação, mas que o cliente realmente não precisa esperar a operação ser concluída para receber a resposta. + +Isso inclui, por exemplo: + +- Envio de notificações por email após a realização de uma ação: + - Como conectar-se a um servidor de e-mail e enviar um e-mail tende a ser "lento" (vários segundos), você pode retornar a resposta imediatamente e enviar a notificação por e-mail em segundo plano. +- Processando dados: + - Por exemplo, digamos que você receba um arquivo que deve passar por um processo lento, você pode retornar uma resposta de "Aceito" (HTTP 202) e processá-lo em segundo plano. + +## Usando `BackgroundTasks` + +Primeiro, importe `BackgroundTasks` e defina um parâmetro em sua _função de operação de caminho_ com uma declaração de tipo de `BackgroundTasks`: + +```Python hl_lines="1 13" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +O **FastAPI** criará o objeto do tipo `BackgroundTasks` para você e o passará como esse parâmetro. + +## Criar uma função de tarefa + +Crie uma função a ser executada como tarefa em segundo plano. + +É apenas uma função padrão que pode receber parâmetros. + +Pode ser uma função `async def` ou `def` normal, o **FastAPI** saberá como lidar com isso corretamente. + +Nesse caso, a função de tarefa gravará em um arquivo (simulando o envio de um e-mail). + +E como a operação de gravação não usa `async` e `await`, definimos a função com `def` normal: + +```Python hl_lines="6-9" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## Adicionar a tarefa em segundo plano + +Dentro de sua _função de operação de caminho_, passe sua função de tarefa para o objeto _tarefas em segundo plano_ com o método `.add_task()`: + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`.add_task()` recebe como argumentos: + +- Uma função de tarefa a ser executada em segundo plano (`write_notification`). +- Qualquer sequência de argumentos que deve ser passada para a função de tarefa na ordem (`email`). +- Quaisquer argumentos nomeados que devem ser passados ​​para a função de tarefa (`mensagem = "alguma notificação"`). + +## Injeção de dependência + +Usar `BackgroundTasks` também funciona com o sistema de injeção de dependência, você pode declarar um parâmetro do tipo `BackgroundTasks` em vários níveis: em uma _função de operação de caminho_, em uma dependência (confiável), em uma subdependência, etc. + +O **FastAPI** sabe o que fazer em cada caso e como reutilizar o mesmo objeto, de forma que todas as tarefas em segundo plano sejam mescladas e executadas em segundo plano posteriormente: + +```Python hl_lines="13 15 22 25" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +Neste exemplo, as mensagens serão gravadas no arquivo `log.txt` _após_ o envio da resposta. + +Se houver uma consulta na solicitação, ela será gravada no log em uma tarefa em segundo plano. + +E então outra tarefa em segundo plano gerada na _função de operação de caminho_ escreverá uma mensagem usando o parâmetro de caminho `email`. + +## Detalhes técnicos + +A classe `BackgroundTasks` vem diretamente de `starlette.background`. + +Ela é importada/incluída diretamente no FastAPI para que você possa importá-la do `fastapi` e evitar a importação acidental da alternativa `BackgroundTask` (sem o `s` no final) de `starlette.background`. + +Usando apenas `BackgroundTasks` (e não `BackgroundTask`), é então possível usá-la como um parâmetro de _função de operação de caminho_ e deixar o **FastAPI** cuidar do resto para você, assim como ao usar o objeto `Request` diretamente. + +Ainda é possível usar `BackgroundTask` sozinho no FastAPI, mas você deve criar o objeto em seu código e retornar uma Starlette `Response` incluindo-o. + +Você pode ver mais detalhes na documentação oficiais da Starlette para tarefas em segundo plano . + +## Ressalva + +Se você precisa realizar cálculos pesados ​​em segundo plano e não necessariamente precisa que seja executado pelo mesmo processo (por exemplo, você não precisa compartilhar memória, variáveis, etc), você pode se beneficiar do uso de outras ferramentas maiores, como Celery . + +Eles tendem a exigir configurações mais complexas, um gerenciador de fila de mensagens/tarefas, como RabbitMQ ou Redis, mas permitem que você execute tarefas em segundo plano em vários processos e, especialmente, em vários servidores. + +Para ver um exemplo, verifique os [Geradores de projeto](../project-generation.md){.internal-link target=\_blank}, todos incluem celery já configurado. + +Mas se você precisa acessar variáveis ​​e objetos do mesmo aplicativo **FastAPI**, ou precisa realizar pequenas tarefas em segundo plano (como enviar uma notificação por e-mail), você pode simplesmente usar `BackgroundTasks`. + +## Recapitulando + +Importe e use `BackgroundTasks` com parâmetros em _funções de operação de caminho_ e dependências para adicionar tarefas em segundo plano. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0eaa9664c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,213 @@ +# Corpo - Múltiplos parâmetros + +Agora que nós vimos como usar `Path` e `Query`, veremos usos mais avançados de declarações no corpo da requisição. + +## Misture `Path`, `Query` e parâmetros de corpo + +Primeiro, é claro, você pode misturar `Path`, `Query` e declarações de parâmetro no corpo da requisição livremente e o **FastAPI** saberá o que fazer. + +E você também pode declarar parâmetros de corpo como opcionais, definindo o valor padrão com `None`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17-19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +!!! nota + Repare que, neste caso, o `item` que seria capturado a partir do corpo é opcional. Visto que ele possui `None` como valor padrão. + +## Múltiplos parâmetros de corpo + +No exemplo anterior, as *operações de rota* esperariam um JSON no corpo contendo os atributos de um `Item`, exemplo: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 +} +``` + +Mas você pode também declarar múltiplos parâmetros de corpo, por exemplo, `item` e `user`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +Neste caso, o **FastAPI** perceberá que existe mais de um parâmetro de corpo na função (dois parâmetros que são modelos Pydantic). + +Então, ele usará o nome dos parâmetros como chaves (nome dos campos) no corpo, e espera um corpo como: + +```JSON +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + }, + "user": { + "username": "dave", + "full_name": "Dave Grohl" + } +} +``` + +!!! nota + Repare que mesmo que o `item` esteja declarado da mesma maneira que antes, agora é esperado que ele esteja dentro do corpo com uma chave `item`. + + +O **FastAPI** fará a conversão automática a partir da requisição, assim esse parâmetro `item` receberá seu respectivo conteúdo e o mesmo ocorrerá com `user`. + +Ele executará a validação dos dados compostos e irá documentá-los de maneira compatível com o esquema OpenAPI e documentação automática. + +## Valores singulares no corpo + +Assim como existem uma `Query` e uma `Path` para definir dados adicionais para parâmetros de consulta e de rota, o **FastAPI** provê o equivalente para `Body`. + +Por exemplo, extendendo o modelo anterior, você poder decidir por ter uma outra chave `importance` no mesmo corpo, além de `item` e `user`. + +Se você declará-lo como é, porque é um valor singular, o **FastAPI** assumirá que se trata de um parâmetro de consulta. + +Mas você pode instruir o **FastAPI** para tratá-lo como outra chave do corpo usando `Body`: + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +Neste caso, o **FastAPI** esperará um corpo como: + +```JSON +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + }, + "user": { + "username": "dave", + "full_name": "Dave Grohl" + }, + "importance": 5 +} +``` + +Mais uma vez, ele converterá os tipos de dados, validar, documentar, etc. + +## Múltiplos parâmetros de corpo e consulta + +Obviamente, você também pode declarar parâmetros de consulta assim que você precisar, de modo adicional a quaisquer parâmetros de corpo. + +Dado que, por padrão, valores singulares são interpretados como parâmetros de consulta, você não precisa explicitamente adicionar uma `Query`, você pode somente: + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = None +``` + +Ou como em Python 3.10 e versões superiores: + +```Python +q: str | None = None +``` + +Por exemplo: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="26" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +!!! info "Informação" + `Body` também possui todas as validações adicionais e metadados de parâmetros como em `Query`,`Path` e outras que você verá depois. + +## Declare um único parâmetro de corpo indicando sua chave + +Suponha que você tem um único parâmetro de corpo `item`, a partir de um modelo Pydantic `Item`. + +Por padrão, o **FastAPI** esperará que seu conteúdo venha no corpo diretamente. + +Mas se você quiser que ele espere por um JSON com uma chave `item` e dentro dele os conteúdos do modelo, como ocorre ao declarar vários parâmetros de corpo, você pode usar o parâmetro especial de `Body` chamado `embed`: + +```Python +item: Item = Body(embed=True) +``` + +como em: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +Neste caso o **FastAPI** esperará um corpo como: + +```JSON hl_lines="2" +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + } +} +``` + +ao invés de: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 +} +``` + +## Recapitulando + +Você pode adicionar múltiplos parâmetros de corpo para sua *função de operação de rota*, mesmo que a requisição possa ter somente um único corpo. + +E o **FastAPI** vai manipulá-los, mandar para você os dados corretos na sua função, e validar e documentar o schema correto na *operação de rota*. + +Você também pode declarar valores singulares para serem recebidos como parte do corpo. + +E você pode instruir o **FastAPI** para requisitar no corpo a indicação de chave mesmo quando existe somente um único parâmetro declarado. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ab77173e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ +# Corpo - Modelos aninhados + +Com o **FastAPI**, você pode definir, validar, documentar e usar modelos profundamente aninhados de forma arbitrária (graças ao Pydantic). + +## Campos do tipo Lista + +Você pode definir um atributo como um subtipo. Por exemplo, uma `list` do Python: + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Isso fará com que tags seja uma lista de itens mesmo sem declarar o tipo dos elementos desta lista. + +## Campos do tipo Lista com um parâmetro de tipo + +Mas o Python tem uma maneira específica de declarar listas com tipos internos ou "parâmetros de tipo": + +### Importe `List` do typing + +Primeiramente, importe `List` do módulo `typing` que já vem por padrão no Python: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +### Declare a `List` com um parâmetro de tipo + +Para declarar tipos que têm parâmetros de tipo(tipos internos), como `list`, `dict`, `tuple`: + +* Importe os do modulo `typing` +* Passe o(s) tipo(s) interno(s) como "parâmetros de tipo" usando colchetes: `[` e `]` + +```Python +from typing import List + +my_list: List[str] +``` + +Essa é a sintaxe padrão do Python para declarações de tipo. + +Use a mesma sintaxe padrão para atributos de modelo com tipos internos. + +Portanto, em nosso exemplo, podemos fazer com que `tags` sejam especificamente uma "lista de strings": + + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## Tipo "set" + + +Mas então, quando nós pensamos mais, percebemos que as tags não devem se repetir, elas provavelmente devem ser strings únicas. + +E que o Python tem um tipo de dados especial para conjuntos de itens únicos, o `set`. + +Então podemos importar `Set` e declarar `tags` como um `set` de `str`s: + + +```Python hl_lines="1 14" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +Com isso, mesmo que você receba uma requisição contendo dados duplicados, ela será convertida em um conjunto de itens exclusivos. + +E sempre que você enviar esses dados como resposta, mesmo se a fonte tiver duplicatas, eles serão gerados como um conjunto de itens exclusivos. + +E também teremos anotações/documentação em conformidade. + +## Modelos aninhados + +Cada atributo de um modelo Pydantic tem um tipo. + +Mas esse tipo pode ser outro modelo Pydantic. + +Portanto, você pode declarar "objects" JSON profundamente aninhados com nomes, tipos e validações de atributos específicos. + +Tudo isso, aninhado arbitrariamente. + +### Defina um sub-modelo + +Por exemplo, nós podemos definir um modelo `Image`: + +```Python hl_lines="9-11" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +### Use o sub-modelo como um tipo + +E então podemos usa-lo como o tipo de um atributo: + +```Python hl_lines="20" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +Isso significa que o **FastAPI** vai esperar um corpo similar à: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2, + "tags": ["rock", "metal", "bar"], + "image": { + "url": "http://example.com/baz.jpg", + "name": "The Foo live" + } +} +``` + +Novamente, apenas fazendo essa declaração, com o **FastAPI**, você ganha: + +* Suporte do editor de texto (compleção, etc), inclusive para modelos aninhados +* Conversão de dados +* Validação de dados +* Documentação automatica + +## Tipos especiais e validação + +Além dos tipos singulares normais como `str`, `int`, `float`, etc. Você também pode usar tipos singulares mais complexos que herdam de `str`. + +Para ver todas as opções possíveis, cheque a documentação para ostipos exoticos do Pydantic. Você verá alguns exemplos no próximo capitulo. + +Por exemplo, no modelo `Image` nós temos um campo `url`, nós podemos declara-lo como um `HttpUrl` do Pydantic invés de como uma `str`: + +```Python hl_lines="4 10" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +A string será verificada para se tornar uma URL válida e documentada no esquema JSON/1OpenAPI como tal. + +## Atributos como listas de submodelos + +Você também pode usar modelos Pydantic como subtipos de `list`, `set`, etc: + +```Python hl_lines="20" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +Isso vai esperar(converter, validar, documentar, etc) um corpo JSON tal qual: + +```JSON hl_lines="11" +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2, + "tags": [ + "rock", + "metal", + "bar" + ], + "images": [ + { + "url": "http://example.com/baz.jpg", + "name": "The Foo live" + }, + { + "url": "http://example.com/dave.jpg", + "name": "The Baz" + } + ] +} +``` + +!!! Informação + Note como o campo `images` agora tem uma lista de objetos de image. + +## Modelos profundamente aninhados + +Você pode definir modelos profundamente aninhados de forma arbitrária: + +```Python hl_lines="9 14 20 23 27" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +!!! Informação + Note como `Offer` tem uma lista de `Item`s, que por sua vez possui opcionalmente uma lista `Image`s + +## Corpos de listas puras + +Se o valor de primeiro nível do corpo JSON que você espera for um `array` do JSON (uma` lista` do Python), você pode declarar o tipo no parâmetro da função, da mesma forma que nos modelos do Pydantic: + + +```Python +images: List[Image] +``` + +como em: + +```Python hl_lines="15" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial008.py!} +``` + +## Suporte de editor em todo canto + +E você obtém suporte do editor em todos os lugares. + +Mesmo para itens dentro de listas: + + + +Você não conseguiria este tipo de suporte de editor se estivesse trabalhando diretamente com `dict` em vez de modelos Pydantic. + +Mas você também não precisa se preocupar com eles, os dicts de entrada são convertidos automaticamente e sua saída é convertida automaticamente para JSON também. + +## Corpos de `dict`s arbitrários + +Você também pode declarar um corpo como um `dict` com chaves de algum tipo e valores de outro tipo. + +Sem ter que saber de antemão quais são os nomes de campos/atributos válidos (como seria o caso dos modelos Pydantic). + +Isso seria útil se você deseja receber chaves que ainda não conhece. + +--- + +Outro caso útil é quando você deseja ter chaves de outro tipo, por exemplo, `int`. + +É isso que vamos ver aqui. + +Neste caso, você aceitaria qualquer `dict`, desde que tenha chaves` int` com valores `float`: + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009.py!} +``` + +!!! Dica + Leve em condideração que o JSON só suporta `str` como chaves. + + Mas o Pydantic tem conversão automática de dados. + + Isso significa que, embora os clientes da API só possam enviar strings como chaves, desde que essas strings contenham inteiros puros, o Pydantic irá convertê-los e validá-los. + + E o `dict` que você recebe como `weights` terá, na verdade, chaves `int` e valores` float`. + +## Recapitulação + +Com **FastAPI** você tem a flexibilidade máxima fornecida pelos modelos Pydantic, enquanto seu código é mantido simples, curto e elegante. + +Mas com todos os benefícios: + +* Suporte do editor (compleção em todo canto!) +* Conversão de dados (leia-se parsing/serialização) +* Validação de dados +* Documentação dos esquemas +* Documentação automática diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/body.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/body.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..99e05ab77 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/body.md @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +# Corpo da Requisição + +Quando você precisa enviar dados de um cliente (como de um navegador web) para sua API, você o envia como um **corpo da requisição**. + +O corpo da **requisição** é a informação enviada pelo cliente para sua API. O corpo da **resposta** é a informação que sua API envia para o cliente. + +Sua API quase sempre irá enviar um corpo na **resposta**. Mas os clientes não necessariamente precisam enviar um corpo em toda **requisição**. + +Para declarar um corpo da **requisição**, você utiliza os modelos do Pydantic com todos os seus poderes e benefícios. + +!!! info "Informação" + Para enviar dados, você deve usar utilizar um dos métodos: `POST` (Mais comum), `PUT`, `DELETE` ou `PATCH`. + + Enviar um corpo em uma requisição `GET` não tem um comportamento definido nas especificações, porém é suportado pelo FastAPI, apenas para casos de uso bem complexos/extremos. + + Como é desencorajado, a documentação interativa com Swagger UI não irá mostrar a documentação para o corpo da requisição para um `GET`, e proxies que intermediarem podem não suportar o corpo da requisição. + +## Importe o `BaseModel` do Pydantic + +Primeiro, você precisa importar `BaseModel` do `pydantic`: + +```Python hl_lines="4" +{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## Crie seu modelo de dados + +Então você declara seu modelo de dados como uma classe que herda `BaseModel`. + +Utilize os tipos Python padrão para todos os atributos: + +```Python hl_lines="7-11" +{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Assim como quando declaramos parâmetros de consulta, quando um atributo do modelo possui um valor padrão, ele se torna opcional. Caso contrário, se torna obrigatório. Use `None` para torná-lo opcional. + +Por exemplo, o modelo acima declara um JSON "`object`" (ou `dict` no Python) como esse: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "Uma descrição opcional", + "price": 45.2, + "tax": 3.5 +} +``` + +...como `description` e `tax` são opcionais (Com um valor padrão de `None`), esse JSON "`object`" também é válido: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "price": 45.2 +} +``` + +## Declare como um parâmetro + +Para adicionar o corpo na *função de operação de rota*, declare-o da mesma maneira que você declarou parâmetros de rota e consulta: + +```Python hl_lines="18" +{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +...E declare o tipo como o modelo que você criou, `Item`. + +## Resultados + +Apenas com esse declaração de tipos do Python, o **FastAPI** irá: + +* Ler o corpo da requisição como um JSON. +* Converter os tipos correspondentes (se necessário). +* Validar os dados. + * Se algum dados for inválido, irá retornar um erro bem claro, indicando exatamente onde e o que está incorreto. +* Entregar a você a informação recebida no parâmetro `item`. + * Como você o declarou na função como do tipo `Item`, você também terá o suporte do editor (completação, etc) para todos os atributos e seus tipos. +* Gerar um Esquema JSON com as definições do seu modelo, você também pode utilizá-lo em qualquer lugar que quiser, se fizer sentido para seu projeto. +* Esses esquemas farão parte do esquema OpenAPI, e utilizados nas UIs de documentação automática. + +## Documentação automática + +Os esquemas JSON dos seus modelos farão parte do esquema OpenAPI gerado para sua aplicação, e aparecerão na documentação interativa da API: + + + +E também serão utilizados em cada *função de operação de rota* que utilizá-los: + + + +## Suporte do editor de texto: + +No seu editor de texto, dentro da função você receberá dicas de tipos e completação em todo lugar (isso não aconteceria se você recebesse um `dict` em vez de um modelo Pydantic): + + + +Você também poderá receber verificações de erros para operações de tipos incorretas: + + + +Isso não é por acaso, todo o framework foi construído em volta deste design. + +E foi imensamente testado na fase de design, antes de qualquer implementação, para garantir que funcionaria para todos os editores de texto. + +Houveram mudanças no próprio Pydantic para que isso fosse possível. + +As capturas de tela anteriores foram capturas no Visual Studio Code. + +Mas você terá o mesmo suporte do editor no PyCharm e na maioria dos editores Python: + + + +!!! tip "Dica" + Se você utiliza o PyCharm como editor, você pode utilizar o Plugin do Pydantic para o PyCharm . + + Melhora o suporte do editor para seus modelos Pydantic com:: + + * completação automática + * verificação de tipos + * refatoração + * buscas + * inspeções + +## Use o modelo + +Dentro da função, você pode acessar todos os atributos do objeto do modelo diretamente: + +```Python hl_lines="21" +{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## Corpo da requisição + parâmetros de rota + +Você pode declarar parâmetros de rota e corpo da requisição ao mesmo tempo. + +O **FastAPI** irá reconhecer que os parâmetros da função que combinam com parâmetros de rota devem ser **retirados da rota**, e parâmetros da função que são declarados como modelos Pydantic sejam **retirados do corpo da requisição**. + +```Python hl_lines="17-18" +{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +## Corpo da requisição + parâmetros de rota + parâmetros de consulta + +Você também pode declarar parâmetros de **corpo**, **rota** e **consulta**, ao mesmo tempo. + +O **FastAPI** irá reconhecer cada um deles e retirar a informação do local correto. + +```Python hl_lines="18" +{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +Os parâmetros da função serão reconhecidos conforme abaixo: + +* Se o parâmetro também é declarado na **rota**, será utilizado como um parâmetro de rota. +* Se o parâmetro é de um **tipo único** (como `int`, `float`, `str`, `bool`, etc) será interpretado como um parâmetro de **consulta**. +* Se o parâmetro é declarado como um **modelo Pydantic**, será interpretado como o **corpo** da requisição. + +!!! note "Observação" + O FastAPI saberá que o valor de `q` não é obrigatório por causa do valor padrão `= None`. + + O `Union` em `Union[str, None]` não é utilizado pelo FastAPI, mas permite ao seu editor de texto lhe dar um suporte melhor e detectar erros. + +## Sem o Pydantic + +Se você não quer utilizar os modelos Pydantic, você também pode utilizar o parâmetro **Body**. Veja a documentação para [Body - Parâmetros múltiplos: Valores singulares no body](body-multiple-params.md#singular-values-in-body){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a60e3571 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# Parâmetros de Cookie + +Você pode definir parâmetros de Cookie da mesma maneira que define paramêtros com `Query` e `Path`. + +## Importe `Cookie` + +Primeiro importe `Cookie`: + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## Declare parâmetros de `Cookie` + +Então declare os paramêtros de cookie usando a mesma estrutura que em `Path` e `Query`. + +O primeiro valor é o valor padrão, você pode passar todas as validações adicionais ou parâmetros de anotação: + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "Detalhes Técnicos" + `Cookie` é uma classe "irmã" de `Path` e `Query`. Ela também herda da mesma classe em comum `Param`. + + Mas lembre-se que quando você importa `Query`, `Path`, `Cookie` e outras de `fastapi`, elas são na verdade funções que retornam classes especiais. + +!!! info "Informação" + Para declarar cookies, você precisa usar `Cookie`, caso contrário, os parâmetros seriam interpretados como parâmetros de consulta. + +## Recapitulando + +Declare cookies com `Cookie`, usando o mesmo padrão comum que utiliza-se em `Query` e `Path`. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/encoder.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/encoder.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b9bfbf63b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/encoder.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +# Codificador Compatível com JSON + +Existem alguns casos em que você pode precisar converter um tipo de dados (como um modelo Pydantic) para algo compatível com JSON (como um `dict`, `list`, etc). + +Por exemplo, se você precisar armazená-lo em um banco de dados. + +Para isso, **FastAPI** fornece uma função `jsonable_encoder()`. + +## Usando a função `jsonable_encoder` + +Vamos imaginar que você tenha um banco de dados `fake_db` que recebe apenas dados compatíveis com JSON. + +Por exemplo, ele não recebe objetos `datetime`, pois estes objetos não são compatíveis com JSON. + +Então, um objeto `datetime` teria que ser convertido em um `str` contendo os dados no formato ISO. + +Da mesma forma, este banco de dados não receberia um modelo Pydantic (um objeto com atributos), apenas um `dict`. + +Você pode usar a função `jsonable_encoder` para resolver isso. + +A função recebe um objeto, como um modelo Pydantic e retorna uma versão compatível com JSON: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="5 22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +Neste exemplo, ele converteria o modelo Pydantic em um `dict`, e o `datetime` em um `str`. + +O resultado de chamar a função é algo que pode ser codificado com o padrão do Python `json.dumps()`. + +A função não retorna um grande `str` contendo os dados no formato JSON (como uma string). Mas sim, retorna uma estrutura de dados padrão do Python (por exemplo, um `dict`) com valores e subvalores compatíveis com JSON. + +!!! nota + `jsonable_encoder` é realmente usado pelo **FastAPI** internamente para converter dados. Mas também é útil em muitos outros cenários. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e4b9913dc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +# Tipos de dados extras + +Até agora, você tem usado tipos de dados comuns, tais como: + +* `int` +* `float` +* `str` +* `bool` + +Mas você também pode usar tipos de dados mais complexos. + +E você ainda terá os mesmos recursos que viu até agora: + +* Ótimo suporte do editor. +* Conversão de dados das requisições recebidas. +* Conversão de dados para os dados da resposta. +* Validação de dados. +* Anotação e documentação automáticas. + +## Outros tipos de dados + +Aqui estão alguns dos tipos de dados adicionais que você pode usar: + +* `UUID`: + * Um "Identificador Universalmente Único" padrão, comumente usado como ID em muitos bancos de dados e sistemas. + * Em requisições e respostas será representado como uma `str`. +* `datetime.datetime`: + * O `datetime.datetime` do Python. + * Em requisições e respostas será representado como uma `str` no formato ISO 8601, exemplo: `2008-09-15T15:53:00+05:00`. +* `datetime.date`: + * O `datetime.date` do Python. + * Em requisições e respostas será representado como uma `str` no formato ISO 8601, exemplo: `2008-09-15`. +* `datetime.time`: + * O `datetime.time` do Python. + * Em requisições e respostas será representado como uma `str` no formato ISO 8601, exemplo: `14:23:55.003`. +* `datetime.timedelta`: + * O `datetime.timedelta` do Python. + * Em requisições e respostas será representado como um `float` de segundos totais. + * O Pydantic também permite representá-lo como uma "codificação ISO 8601 diferença de tempo", cheque a documentação para mais informações. +* `frozenset`: + * Em requisições e respostas, será tratado da mesma forma que um `set`: + * Nas requisições, uma lista será lida, eliminando duplicadas e convertendo-a em um `set`. + * Nas respostas, o `set` será convertido para uma `list`. + * O esquema gerado vai especificar que os valores do `set` são unicos (usando o `uniqueItems` do JSON Schema). +* `bytes`: + * O `bytes` padrão do Python. + * Em requisições e respostas será representado como uma `str`. + * O esquema gerado vai especificar que é uma `str` com o "formato" `binary`. +* `Decimal`: + * O `Decimal` padrão do Python. + * Em requisições e respostas será representado como um `float`. +* Você pode checar todos os tipos de dados válidos do Pydantic aqui: Tipos de dados do Pydantic. + +## Exemplo + +Aqui está um exemplo de *operação de rota* com parâmetros utilizando-se de alguns dos tipos acima. + +```Python hl_lines="1 3 12-16" +{!../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Note que os parâmetros dentro da função tem seu tipo de dados natural, e você pode, por exemplo, realizar manipulações normais de data, como: + +```Python hl_lines="18-19" +{!../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!} +``` diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1343a3ae4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md @@ -0,0 +1,252 @@ +# Modelos Adicionais + +Continuando com o exemplo anterior, será comum ter mais de um modelo relacionado. + +Isso é especialmente o caso para modelos de usuários, porque: + +* O **modelo de entrada** precisa ser capaz de ter uma senha. +* O **modelo de saída** não deve ter uma senha. +* O **modelo de banco de dados** provavelmente precisaria ter uma senha criptografada. + +!!! danger + Nunca armazene senhas em texto simples dos usuários. Sempre armazene uma "hash segura" que você pode verificar depois. + + Se não souber, você aprenderá o que é uma "senha hash" nos [capítulos de segurança](security/simple-oauth2.md#password-hashing){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## Múltiplos modelos + +Aqui está uma ideia geral de como os modelos poderiam parecer com seus campos de senha e os lugares onde são usados: + +=== "Python 3.8 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 11 16 22 24 29-30 33-35 40-41" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="7 9 14 20 22 27-28 31-33 38-39" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +### Sobre `**user_in.dict()` + +#### O `.dict()` do Pydantic + +`user_in` é um modelo Pydantic da classe `UserIn`. + +Os modelos Pydantic possuem um método `.dict()` que retorna um `dict` com os dados do modelo. + +Então, se criarmos um objeto Pydantic `user_in` como: + +```Python +user_in = UserIn(username="john", password="secret", email="john.doe@example.com") +``` + +e depois chamarmos: + +```Python +user_dict = user_in.dict() +``` + +agora temos um `dict` com os dados na variável `user_dict` (é um `dict` em vez de um objeto de modelo Pydantic). + +E se chamarmos: + +```Python +print(user_dict) +``` + +teríamos um `dict` Python com: + +```Python +{ + 'username': 'john', + 'password': 'secret', + 'email': 'john.doe@example.com', + 'full_name': None, +} +``` + +#### Desembrulhando um `dict` + +Se tomarmos um `dict` como `user_dict` e passarmos para uma função (ou classe) com `**user_dict`, o Python irá "desembrulhá-lo". Ele passará as chaves e valores do `user_dict` diretamente como argumentos chave-valor. + +Então, continuando com o `user_dict` acima, escrevendo: + +```Python +UserInDB(**user_dict) +``` + +Resultaria em algo equivalente a: + +```Python +UserInDB( + username="john", + password="secret", + email="john.doe@example.com", + full_name=None, +) +``` + +Ou mais exatamente, usando `user_dict` diretamente, com qualquer conteúdo que ele possa ter no futuro: + +```Python +UserInDB( + username = user_dict["username"], + password = user_dict["password"], + email = user_dict["email"], + full_name = user_dict["full_name"], +) +``` + +#### Um modelo Pydantic a partir do conteúdo de outro + +Como no exemplo acima, obtivemos o `user_dict` a partir do `user_in.dict()`, este código: + +```Python +user_dict = user_in.dict() +UserInDB(**user_dict) +``` + +seria equivalente a: + +```Python +UserInDB(**user_in.dict()) +``` + +...porque `user_in.dict()` é um `dict`, e depois fazemos o Python "desembrulhá-lo" passando-o para UserInDB precedido por `**`. + +Então, obtemos um modelo Pydantic a partir dos dados em outro modelo Pydantic. + +#### Desembrulhando um `dict` e palavras-chave extras + +E, então, adicionando o argumento de palavra-chave extra `hashed_password=hashed_password`, como em: + +```Python +UserInDB(**user_in.dict(), hashed_password=hashed_password) +``` + +...acaba sendo como: + +```Python +UserInDB( + username = user_dict["username"], + password = user_dict["password"], + email = user_dict["email"], + full_name = user_dict["full_name"], + hashed_password = hashed_password, +) +``` + +!!! warning + As funções adicionais de suporte são apenas para demonstração de um fluxo possível dos dados, mas é claro que elas não fornecem segurança real. + +## Reduzir duplicação + +Reduzir a duplicação de código é uma das ideias principais no **FastAPI**. + +A duplicação de código aumenta as chances de bugs, problemas de segurança, problemas de desincronização de código (quando você atualiza em um lugar, mas não em outros), etc. + +E esses modelos estão compartilhando muitos dos dados e duplicando nomes e tipos de atributos. + +Nós poderíamos fazer melhor. + +Podemos declarar um modelo `UserBase` que serve como base para nossos outros modelos. E então podemos fazer subclasses desse modelo que herdam seus atributos (declarações de tipo, validação, etc.). + +Toda conversão de dados, validação, documentação, etc. ainda funcionará normalmente. + +Dessa forma, podemos declarar apenas as diferenças entre os modelos (com `password` em texto claro, com `hashed_password` e sem senha): + +=== "Python 3.8 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 15-16 19-20 23-24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="7 13-14 17-18 21-22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +## `Union` ou `anyOf` + +Você pode declarar uma resposta como o `Union` de dois tipos, o que significa que a resposta seria qualquer um dos dois. + +Isso será definido no OpenAPI com `anyOf`. + +Para fazer isso, use a dica de tipo padrão do Python `typing.Union`: + +!!! note + Ao definir um `Union`, inclua o tipo mais específico primeiro, seguido pelo tipo menos específico. No exemplo abaixo, o tipo mais específico `PlaneItem` vem antes de `CarItem` em `Union[PlaneItem, CarItem]`. + +=== "Python 3.8 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 14-15 18-20 33" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 14-15 18-20 33" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +### `Union` no Python 3.10 + +Neste exemplo, passamos `Union[PlaneItem, CarItem]` como o valor do argumento `response_model`. + +Dado que estamos passando-o como um **valor para um argumento** em vez de colocá-lo em uma **anotação de tipo**, precisamos usar `Union` mesmo no Python 3.10. + +Se estivesse em uma anotação de tipo, poderíamos ter usado a barra vertical, como: + +```Python +some_variable: PlaneItem | CarItem +``` + +Mas se colocarmos isso em `response_model=PlaneItem | CarItem` teríamos um erro, pois o Python tentaria executar uma **operação inválida** entre `PlaneItem` e `CarItem` em vez de interpretar isso como uma anotação de tipo. + +## Lista de modelos + +Da mesma forma, você pode declarar respostas de listas de objetos. + +Para isso, use o padrão Python `typing.List` (ou simplesmente `list` no Python 3.9 e superior): + +=== "Python 3.8 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial004_py39.py!} + ``` + +## Resposta com `dict` arbitrário + +Você também pode declarar uma resposta usando um simples `dict` arbitrário, declarando apenas o tipo das chaves e valores, sem usar um modelo Pydantic. + +Isso é útil se você não souber os nomes de campo / atributo válidos (que seriam necessários para um modelo Pydantic) antecipadamente. + +Neste caso, você pode usar `typing.Dict` (ou simplesmente dict no Python 3.9 e superior): + +=== "Python 3.8 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="6" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial005_py39.py!} + ``` + +## Em resumo + +Use vários modelos Pydantic e herde livremente para cada caso. + +Não é necessário ter um único modelo de dados por entidade se essa entidade precisar ter diferentes "estados". No caso da "entidade" de usuário com um estado que inclui `password`, `password_hash` e sem senha. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..97a2e3eac --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md @@ -0,0 +1,251 @@ +# Manipulação de erros + +Há diversas situações em que você precisa notificar um erro a um cliente que está utilizando a sua API. + +Esse cliente pode ser um browser com um frontend, o código de outra pessoa, um dispositivo IoT, etc. + +Pode ser que você precise comunicar ao cliente que: + +* O cliente não tem direitos para realizar aquela operação. +* O cliente não tem acesso aquele recurso. +* O item que o cliente está tentando acessar não existe. +* etc. + + +Nesses casos, você normalmente retornaria um **HTTP status code** próximo ao status code na faixa do status code **400** (do 400 ao 499). + +Isso é bastante similar ao caso do HTTP status code 200 (do 200 ao 299). Esses "200" status codes significam que, de algum modo, houve sucesso na requisição. + +Os status codes na faixa dos 400 significam que houve um erro por parte do cliente. + +Você se lembra de todos aqueles erros (e piadas) a respeito do "**404 Not Found**"? + +## Use o `HTTPException` + +Para retornar ao cliente *responses* HTTP com erros, use o `HTTPException`. + +### Import `HTTPException` + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### Lance o `HTTPException` no seu código. + +`HTTPException`, ao fundo, nada mais é do que a conjunção entre uma exceção comum do Python e informações adicionais relevantes para APIs. + +E porque é uma exceção do Python, você não **retorna** (return) o `HTTPException`, você lança o (raise) no seu código. + +Isso também significa que, se você está escrevendo uma função de utilidade, a qual você está chamando dentro da sua função de operações de caminhos, e você lança o `HTTPException` dentro da função de utilidade, o resto do seu código não será executado dentro da função de operações de caminhos. Ao contrário, o `HTTPException` irá finalizar a requisição no mesmo instante e enviará o erro HTTP oriundo do `HTTPException` para o cliente. + +O benefício de lançar uma exceção em vez de retornar um valor ficará mais evidente na seção sobre Dependências e Segurança. + +Neste exemplo, quando o cliente pede, na requisição, por um item cujo ID não existe, a exceção com o status code `404` é lançada: + +```Python hl_lines="11" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### A response resultante + + +Se o cliente faz uma requisição para `http://example.com/items/foo` (um `item_id` `"foo"`), esse cliente receberá um HTTP status code 200, e uma resposta JSON: + + +``` +{ + "item": "The Foo Wrestlers" +} +``` + +Mas se o cliente faz uma requisição para `http://example.com/items/bar` (ou seja, um não existente `item_id "bar"`), esse cliente receberá um HTTP status code 404 (o erro "não encontrado" — *not found error*), e uma resposta JSON: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": "Item not found" +} +``` + +!!! tip "Dica" + Quando você lançar um `HTTPException`, você pode passar qualquer valor convertível em JSON como parâmetro de `detail`, e não apenas `str`. + + Você pode passar um `dict` ou um `list`, etc. + Esses tipos de dados são manipulados automaticamente pelo **FastAPI** e convertidos em JSON. + + +## Adicione headers customizados + +Há certas situações em que é bastante útil poder adicionar headers customizados no HTTP error. Exemplo disso seria adicionar headers customizados para tipos de segurança. + +Você provavelmente não precisará utilizar esses headers diretamente no seu código. + +Mas caso você precise, para um cenário mais complexo, você pode adicionar headers customizados: + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## Instalando manipuladores de exceções customizados + +Você pode adicionar manipuladores de exceção customizados com a mesma seção de utilidade de exceções presentes no Starlette + +Digamos que você tenha uma exceção customizada `UnicornException` que você (ou uma biblioteca que você use) precise lançar (`raise`). + +Nesse cenário, se você precisa manipular essa exceção de modo global com o FastAPI, você pode adicionar um manipulador de exceção customizada com `@app.exception_handler()`. + +```Python hl_lines="5-7 13-18 24" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +Nesse cenário, se você fizer uma requisição para `/unicorns/yolo`, a *operação de caminho* vai lançar (`raise`) o `UnicornException`. + +Essa exceção será manipulada, contudo, pelo `unicorn_exception_handler`. + +Dessa forma você receberá um erro "limpo", com o HTTP status code `418` e um JSON com o conteúdo: + +```JSON +{"message": "Oops! yolo did something. There goes a rainbow..."} +``` + +!!! note "Detalhes Técnicos" + Você também pode usar `from starlette.requests import Request` and `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`. + + **FastAPI** disponibiliza o mesmo `starlette.responses` através do `fastapi.responses` por conveniência ao desenvolvedor. Contudo, a maior parte das respostas disponíveis vem diretamente do Starlette. O mesmo acontece com o `Request`. + +## Sobrescreva o manipulador padrão de exceções + +**FastAPI** tem alguns manipuladores padrão de exceções. + +Esses manipuladores são os responsáveis por retornar o JSON padrão de respostas quando você lança (`raise`) o `HTTPException` e quando a requisição tem dados invalidos. + +Você pode sobrescrever esses manipuladores de exceção com os seus próprios manipuladores. + +## Sobrescreva exceções de validação da requisição + +Quando a requisição contém dados inválidos, **FastAPI** internamente lança para o `RequestValidationError`. + +Para sobrescrevê-lo, importe o `RequestValidationError` e use-o com o `@app.exception_handler(RequestValidationError)` para decorar o manipulador de exceções. + +```Python hl_lines="2 14-16" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +Se você for ao `/items/foo`, em vez de receber o JSON padrão com o erro: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "path", + "item_id" + ], + "msg": "value is not a valid integer", + "type": "type_error.integer" + } + ] +} +``` + +você receberá a versão em texto: + +``` +1 validation error +path -> item_id + value is not a valid integer (type=type_error.integer) +``` + +### `RequestValidationError` vs `ValidationError` + +!!! warning "Aviso" + Você pode pular estes detalhes técnicos caso eles não sejam importantes para você neste momento. + +`RequestValidationError` é uma subclasse do `ValidationError` existente no Pydantic. + +**FastAPI** faz uso dele para que você veja o erro no seu log, caso você utilize um modelo de Pydantic em `response_model`, e seus dados tenham erro. + +Contudo, o cliente ou usuário não terão acesso a ele. Ao contrário, o cliente receberá um "Internal Server Error" com o HTTP status code `500`. + +E assim deve ser porque seria um bug no seu código ter o `ValidationError` do Pydantic na sua *response*, ou em qualquer outro lugar do seu código (que não na requisição do cliente). + +E enquanto você conserta o bug, os clientes / usuários não deveriam ter acesso às informações internas do erro, porque, desse modo, haveria exposição de uma vulnerabilidade de segurança. + +Do mesmo modo, você pode sobreescrever o `HTTPException`. + +Por exemplo, você pode querer retornar uma *response* em *plain text* ao invés de um JSON para os seguintes erros: + +```Python hl_lines="3-4 9-11 22" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +!!! note "Detalhes Técnicos" + Você pode usar `from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse`. + + **FastAPI** disponibiliza o mesmo `starlette.responses` como `fastapi.responses`, como conveniência a você, desenvolvedor. Contudo, a maior parte das respostas disponíveis vem diretamente do Starlette. + + +### Use o body do `RequestValidationError`. + +O `RequestValidationError` contém o `body` que ele recebeu de dados inválidos. + +Você pode utilizá-lo enquanto desenvolve seu app para conectar o *body* e debugá-lo, e assim retorná-lo ao usuário, etc. + +Tente enviar um item inválido como este: + +```JSON +{ + "title": "towel", + "size": "XL" +} +``` + +Você receberá uma *response* informando-o de que a data é inválida, e contendo o *body* recebido: + +```JSON hl_lines="12-15" +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "body", + "size" + ], + "msg": "value is not a valid integer", + "type": "type_error.integer" + } + ], + "body": { + "title": "towel", + "size": "XL" + } +} +``` + +#### O `HTTPException` do FastAPI vs o `HTTPException` do Starlette. + +O **FastAPI** tem o seu próprio `HTTPException`. + +E a classe de erro `HTTPException` do **FastAPI** herda da classe de erro do `HTTPException` do Starlette. + +A diferença entre os dois é a de que o `HTTPException` do **FastAPI** permite que você adicione *headers* que serão incluídos nas *responses*. + +Esses *headers* são necessários/utilizados internamente pelo OAuth 2.0 e também por outras utilidades de segurança. + +Portanto, você pode continuar lançando o `HTTPException` do **FastAPI** normalmente no seu código. + +Porém, quando você registrar um manipulador de exceção, você deve registrá-lo através do `HTTPException` do Starlette. + +Dessa forma, se qualquer parte do código interno, extensão ou plug-in do Starlette lançar o `HTTPException`, o seu manipulador de exceção poderá capturar esse lançamento e tratá-lo. + +```Python +from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException as StarletteHTTPException +``` + +### Re-use os manipulares de exceção do **FastAPI** + +Se você quer usar a exceção em conjunto com o mesmo manipulador de exceção *default* do **FastAPI**, você pode importar e re-usar esses manipuladores de exceção do `fastapi.exception_handlers`: + +```Python hl_lines="2-5 15 21" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +Nesse exemplo você apenas imprime (`print`) o erro com uma mensagem expressiva. Mesmo assim, dá para pegar a ideia. Você pode usar a exceção e então apenas re-usar o manipulador de exceção *default*. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/header-params.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/header-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4bdfb7e9c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/header-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +# Parâmetros de Cabeçalho + +Você pode definir parâmetros de Cabeçalho da mesma maneira que define paramêtros com `Query`, `Path` e `Cookie`. + +## importe `Header` + +Primeiro importe `Header`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +## Declare parâmetros de `Header` + +Então declare os paramêtros de cabeçalho usando a mesma estrutura que em `Path`, `Query` e `Cookie`. + +O primeiro valor é o valor padrão, você pode passar todas as validações adicionais ou parâmetros de anotação: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +!!! note "Detalhes Técnicos" + `Header` é uma classe "irmã" de `Path`, `Query` e `Cookie`. Ela também herda da mesma classe em comum `Param`. + + Mas lembre-se que quando você importa `Query`, `Path`, `Header`, e outras de `fastapi`, elas são na verdade funções que retornam classes especiais. + +!!! info + Para declarar headers, você precisa usar `Header`, caso contrário, os parâmetros seriam interpretados como parâmetros de consulta. + +## Conversão automática + +`Header` tem algumas funcionalidades a mais em relação a `Path`, `Query` e `Cookie`. + +A maioria dos cabeçalhos padrão são separados pelo caractere "hífen", também conhecido como "sinal de menos" (`-`). + +Mas uma variável como `user-agent` é inválida em Python. + +Portanto, por padrão, `Header` converterá os caracteres de nomes de parâmetros de sublinhado (`_`) para hífen (`-`) para extrair e documentar os cabeçalhos. + +Além disso, os cabeçalhos HTTP não diferenciam maiúsculas de minúsculas, portanto, você pode declará-los com o estilo padrão do Python (também conhecido como "snake_case"). + +Portanto, você pode usar `user_agent` como faria normalmente no código Python, em vez de precisar colocar as primeiras letras em maiúsculas como `User_Agent` ou algo semelhante. + +Se por algum motivo você precisar desabilitar a conversão automática de sublinhados para hífens, defina o parâmetro `convert_underscores` de `Header` para `False`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +!!! warning "Aviso" + Antes de definir `convert_underscores` como `False`, lembre-se de que alguns proxies e servidores HTTP não permitem o uso de cabeçalhos com sublinhados. + +## Cabeçalhos duplicados + +É possível receber cabeçalhos duplicados. Isso significa, o mesmo cabeçalho com vários valores. + +Você pode definir esses casos usando uma lista na declaração de tipo. + +Você receberá todos os valores do cabeçalho duplicado como uma `list` Python. + +Por exemplo, para declarar um cabeçalho de `X-Token` que pode aparecer mais de uma vez, você pode escrever: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +Se você se comunicar com essa *operação de caminho* enviando dois cabeçalhos HTTP como: + +``` +X-Token: foo +X-Token: bar +``` + +A resposta seria como: + +```JSON +{ + "X-Token values": [ + "bar", + "foo" + ] +} +``` + +## Recapitulando + +Declare cabeçalhos com `Header`, usando o mesmo padrão comum que utiliza-se em `Query`, `Path` e `Cookie`. + +E não se preocupe com sublinhados em suas variáveis, FastAPI cuidará da conversão deles. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/index.md index f93fd8d75..5fc0485a0 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/index.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Tutorial - Guia de Usuário - Introdução +# Tutorial - Guia de Usuário Esse tutorial mostra como usar o **FastAPI** com a maior parte de seus recursos, passo a passo. @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ Para o tutorial, você deve querer instalá-lo com todas as dependências e recu
```console -$ pip install fastapi[all] +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" ---> 100% ``` @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi[all] Também instale o `uvicorn` para funcionar como servidor: ``` - pip install uvicorn[standard] + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ``` E o mesmo para cada dependência opcional que você quiser usar. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..13a87240f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ +# Configuração da Operação de Rota + +Existem vários parâmetros que você pode passar para o seu *decorador de operação de rota* para configurá-lo. + +!!! warning "Aviso" + Observe que esses parâmetros são passados diretamente para o *decorador de operação de rota*, não para a sua *função de operação de rota*. + +## Código de Status da Resposta + +Você pode definir o `status_code` (HTTP) para ser usado na resposta da sua *operação de rota*. + +Você pode passar diretamente o código `int`, como `404`. + +Mas se você não se lembrar o que cada código numérico significa, pode usar as constantes de atalho em `status`: + +=== "Python 3.8 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="3 17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="3 17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +Esse código de status será usado na resposta e será adicionado ao esquema OpenAPI. + +!!! note "Detalhes Técnicos" + Você também poderia usar `from starlette import status`. + + **FastAPI** fornece o mesmo `starlette.status` como `fastapi.status` apenas como uma conveniência para você, o desenvolvedor. Mas vem diretamente do Starlette. + +## Tags + +Você pode adicionar tags para sua *operação de rota*, passe o parâmetro `tags` com uma `list` de `str` (comumente apenas um `str`): + +=== "Python 3.8 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="17 22 27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="17 22 27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="15 20 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +Eles serão adicionados ao esquema OpenAPI e usados pelas interfaces de documentação automática: + + + +### Tags com Enums + +Se você tem uma grande aplicação, você pode acabar acumulando **várias tags**, e você gostaria de ter certeza de que você sempre usa a **mesma tag** para *operações de rota* relacionadas. + +Nestes casos, pode fazer sentido armazenar as tags em um `Enum`. + +**FastAPI** suporta isso da mesma maneira que com strings simples: + +```Python hl_lines="1 8-10 13 18" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002b.py!} +``` + +## Resumo e descrição + +Você pode adicionar um `summary` e uma `description`: + +=== "Python 3.8 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="20-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="20-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="18-19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +## Descrição do docstring + +Como as descrições tendem a ser longas e cobrir várias linhas, você pode declarar a descrição da *operação de rota* na docstring da função e o **FastAPI** irá lê-la de lá. + +Você pode escrever Markdown na docstring, ele será interpretado e exibido corretamente (levando em conta a indentação da docstring). + +=== "Python 3.8 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="19-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="19-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="17-25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +Ela será usada nas documentações interativas: + + + + +## Descrição da resposta + +Você pode especificar a descrição da resposta com o parâmetro `response_description`: + +=== "Python 3.8 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 and above" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! info "Informação" + Note que `response_description` se refere especificamente à resposta, a `description` se refere à *operação de rota* em geral. + +!!! check + OpenAPI especifica que cada *operação de rota* requer uma descrição de resposta. + + Então, se você não fornecer uma, o **FastAPI** irá gerar automaticamente uma de "Resposta bem-sucedida". + + + +## Depreciar uma *operação de rota* + +Se você precisar marcar uma *operação de rota* como descontinuada, mas sem removê-la, passe o parâmetro `deprecated`: + +```Python hl_lines="16" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +Ela será claramente marcada como descontinuada nas documentações interativas: + + + +Verifique como *operações de rota* descontinuadas e não descontinuadas se parecem: + + + +## Resumindo + +Você pode configurar e adicionar metadados para suas *operações de rota* facilmente passando parâmetros para os *decoradores de operação de rota*. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eb0d31dc3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +# Parâmetros da Rota e Validações Numéricas + +Do mesmo modo que você pode declarar mais validações e metadados para parâmetros de consulta com `Query`, você pode declarar os mesmos tipos de validações e metadados para parâmetros de rota com `Path`. + +## Importe `Path` + +Primeiro, importe `Path` de `fastapi`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +## Declare metadados + +Você pode declarar todos os parâmetros da mesma maneira que na `Query`. + +Por exemplo para declarar um valor de metadado `title` para o parâmetro de rota `item_id` você pode digitar: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +!!! note "Nota" + Um parâmetro de rota é sempre obrigatório, como se fizesse parte da rota. + + Então, você deve declará-lo com `...` para marcá-lo como obrigatório. + + Mesmo que você declare-o como `None` ou defina um valor padrão, isso não teria efeito algum, o parâmetro ainda seria obrigatório. + +## Ordene os parâmetros de acordo com sua necessidade + +Suponha que você queira declarar o parâmetro de consulta `q` como uma `str` obrigatória. + +E você não precisa declarar mais nada em relação a este parâmetro, então você não precisa necessariamente usar `Query`. + +Mas você ainda precisa usar `Path` para o parâmetro de rota `item_id`. + +O Python irá acusar se você colocar um elemento com um valor padrão definido antes de outro que não tenha um valor padrão. + +Mas você pode reordená-los, colocando primeiro o elemento sem o valor padrão (o parâmetro de consulta `q`). + +Isso não faz diferença para o **FastAPI**. Ele vai detectar os parâmetros pelos seus nomes, tipos e definições padrão (`Query`, `Path`, etc), sem se importar com a ordem. + +Então, você pode declarar sua função assim: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## Ordene os parâmetros de a acordo com sua necessidade, truques + +Se você quiser declarar o parâmetro de consulta `q` sem um `Query` nem um valor padrão, e o parâmetro de rota `item_id` usando `Path`, e definí-los em uma ordem diferente, Python tem um pequeno truque na sintaxe para isso. + +Passe `*`, como o primeiro parâmetro da função. + +O Python não vai fazer nada com esse `*`, mas ele vai saber que a partir dali os parâmetros seguintes deverão ser chamados argumentos nomeados (pares chave-valor), também conhecidos como kwargs. Mesmo que eles não possuam um valor padrão. + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +## Validações numéricas: maior que ou igual + +Com `Query` e `Path` (e outras que você verá mais tarde) você pode declarar restrições numéricas. + +Aqui, com `ge=1`, `item_id` precisará ser um número inteiro maior que ("`g`reater than") ou igual ("`e`qual") a 1. + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +## Validações numéricas: maior que e menor que ou igual + +O mesmo se aplica para: + +* `gt`: maior que (`g`reater `t`han) +* `le`: menor que ou igual (`l`ess than or `e`qual) + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +## Validações numéricas: valores do tipo float, maior que e menor que + +Validações numéricas também funcionam para valores do tipo `float`. + +Aqui é onde se torna importante a possibilidade de declarar gt e não apenas ge. Com isso você pode especificar, por exemplo, que um valor deve ser maior que `0`, ainda que seja menor que `1`. + +Assim, `0.5` seria um valor válido. Mas `0.0` ou `0` não seria. + +E o mesmo para lt. + +```Python hl_lines="11" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +## Recapitulando + +Com `Query`, `Path` (e outras que você ainda não viu) você pode declarar metadados e validações de texto do mesmo modo que com [Parâmetros de consulta e validações de texto](query-params-str-validations.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +E você também pode declarar validações numéricas: + +* `gt`: maior que (`g`reater `t`han) +* `ge`: maior que ou igual (`g`reater than or `e`qual) +* `lt`: menor que (`l`ess `t`han) +* `le`: menor que ou igual (`l`ess than or `e`qual) + +!!! info "Informação" + `Query`, `Path` e outras classes que você verá a frente são subclasses de uma classe comum `Param`. + + Todas elas compartilham os mesmos parâmetros para validação adicional e metadados que você viu. + +!!! note "Detalhes Técnicos" + Quando você importa `Query`, `Path` e outras de `fastapi`, elas são na verdade funções. + + Que quando chamadas, retornam instâncias de classes de mesmo nome. + + Então, você importa `Query`, que é uma função. E quando você a chama, ela retorna uma instância de uma classe também chamada `Query`. + + Estas funções são assim (ao invés de apenas usar as classes diretamente) para que seu editor não acuse erros sobre seus tipos. + + Dessa maneira você pode user seu editor e ferramentas de desenvolvimento sem precisar adicionar configurações customizadas para ignorar estes erros. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-params.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-params.md index 20913a564..cd8c18858 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-params.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/path-params.md @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ O mesmo erro apareceria se você tivesse fornecido um `float` ao invés de um `i ## Documentação -Quando você abrir o seu navegador em http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs, você verá de forma automática e interativa a documtação da API como: +Quando você abrir o seu navegador em http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs, você verá de forma automática e interativa a documentação da API como: @@ -236,7 +236,6 @@ Então, você poderia usar ele com: Com o **FastAPI**, usando as declarações de tipo do Python, você obtém: * Suporte no editor: verificação de erros, e opção de autocompletar, etc. -* Parsing de dados * "Parsing" de dados * Validação de dados * Anotação da API e documentação automática diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9a9e071db --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md @@ -0,0 +1,303 @@ +# Parâmetros de consulta e validações de texto + +O **FastAPI** permite que você declare informações adicionais e validações aos seus parâmetros. + +Vamos utilizar essa aplicação como exemplo: + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +O parâmetro de consulta `q` é do tipo `Union[str, None]`, o que significa que é do tipo `str` mas que também pode ser `None`, e de fato, o valor padrão é `None`, então o FastAPI saberá que não é obrigatório. + +!!! note "Observação" + O FastAPI saberá que o valor de `q` não é obrigatório por causa do valor padrão `= None`. + + O `Union` em `Union[str, None]` não é usado pelo FastAPI, mas permitirá que seu editor lhe dê um melhor suporte e detecte erros. + +## Validação adicional + +Nós iremos forçar que mesmo o parâmetro `q` seja opcional, sempre que informado, **seu tamanho não exceda 50 caracteres**. + +### Importe `Query` + +Para isso, primeiro importe `Query` de `fastapi`: + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## Use `Query` como o valor padrão + +Agora utilize-o como valor padrão do seu parâmetro, definindo o parâmetro `max_length` para 50: + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +Note que substituímos o valor padrão de `None` para `Query(default=None)`, o primeiro parâmetro de `Query` serve para o mesmo propósito: definir o valor padrão do parâmetro. + +Então: + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None) +``` + +...Torna o parâmetro opcional, da mesma maneira que: + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = None +``` + +Mas o declara explicitamente como um parâmetro de consulta. + +!!! info "Informação" + Tenha em mente que o FastAPI se preocupa com a parte: + + ```Python + = None + ``` + + Ou com: + + ```Python + = Query(default=None) + ``` + + E irá utilizar o `None` para detectar que o parâmetro de consulta não é obrigatório. + + O `Union` é apenas para permitir que seu editor de texto lhe dê um melhor suporte. + +Então, podemos passar mais parâmetros para `Query`. Neste caso, o parâmetro `max_length` que se aplica a textos: + +```Python +q: str = Query(default=None, max_length=50) +``` + +Isso irá validar os dados, mostrar um erro claro quando os dados forem inválidos, e documentar o parâmetro na *operação de rota* do esquema OpenAPI.. + +## Adicionando mais validações + +Você também pode incluir um parâmetro `min_length`: + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +## Adicionando expressões regulares + +Você pode definir uma expressão regular que combine com um padrão esperado pelo parâmetro: + +```Python hl_lines="11" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +Essa expressão regular específica verifica se o valor recebido no parâmetro: + +* `^`: Inicia com os seguintes caracteres, ou seja, não contém caracteres anteriores. +* `fixedquery`: contém o valor exato `fixedquery`. +* `$`: termina aqui, não contém nenhum caractere após `fixedquery`. + +Se você se sente perdido com todo esse assunto de **"expressão regular"**, não se preocupe. Esse é um assunto complicado para a maioria das pessoas. Você ainda pode fazer muitas coisas sem utilizar expressões regulares. + +Mas assim que você precisar e já tiver aprendido sobre, saiba que você poderá usá-las diretamente no **FastAPI**. + +## Valores padrão + +Da mesma maneira que você utiliza `None` como o primeiro argumento para ser utilizado como um valor padrão, você pode usar outros valores. + +Vamos dizer que você queira que o parâmetro de consulta `q` tenha um `min_length` de `3`, e um valor padrão de `"fixedquery"`, então declararíamos assim: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +!!! note "Observação" + O parâmetro torna-se opcional quando possui um valor padrão. + +## Torne-o obrigatório + +Quando você não necessita de validações ou de metadados adicionais, podemos fazer com que o parâmetro de consulta `q` seja obrigatório por não declarar um valor padrão, dessa forma: + +```Python +q: str +``` + +em vez desta: + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = None +``` + +Mas agora nós o estamos declarando como `Query`, conforme abaixo: + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, min_length=3) +``` + +Então, quando você precisa declarar um parâmetro obrigatório utilizando o `Query`, você pode utilizar `...` como o primeiro argumento: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +!!! info "Informação" + Se você nunca viu os `...` antes: é um valor único especial, faz parte do Python e é chamado "Ellipsis". + +Dessa forma o **FastAPI** saberá que o parâmetro é obrigatório. + +## Lista de parâmetros de consulta / múltiplos valores + +Quando você declara explicitamente um parâmetro com `Query` você pode declará-lo para receber uma lista de valores, ou podemos dizer, que irá receber mais de um valor. + +Por exemplo, para declarar que o parâmetro `q` pode aparecer diversas vezes na URL, você escreveria: + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011.py!} +``` + +Então, com uma URL assim: + +``` +http://localhost:8000/items/?q=foo&q=bar +``` + +você receberá os múltiplos *parâmetros de consulta* `q` com os valores (`foo` e `bar`) em uma lista (`list`) Python dentro da *função de operação de rota*, no *parâmetro da função* `q`. + +Assim, a resposta para essa URL seria: + +```JSON +{ + "q": [ + "foo", + "bar" + ] +} +``` + +!!! tip "Dica" + Para declarar um parâmetro de consulta com o tipo `list`, como no exemplo acima, você precisa usar explicitamente o `Query`, caso contrário será interpretado como um corpo da requisição. + +A documentação interativa da API irá atualizar de acordo, permitindo múltiplos valores: + + + +### Lista de parâmetros de consulta / múltiplos valores por padrão + +E você também pode definir uma lista (`list`) de valores padrão caso nenhum seja informado: + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012.py!} +``` + +Se você for até: + +``` +http://localhost:8000/items/ +``` + +O valor padrão de `q` será: `["foo", "bar"]` e sua resposta será: + +```JSON +{ + "q": [ + "foo", + "bar" + ] +} +``` + +#### Usando `list` + +Você também pode utilizar o tipo `list` diretamente em vez de `List[str]`: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013.py!} +``` + +!!! note "Observação" + Tenha em mente que neste caso, o FastAPI não irá validar os conteúdos da lista. + + Por exemplo, um `List[int]` iria validar (e documentar) que os contéudos da lista são números inteiros. Mas apenas `list` não. + +## Declarando mais metadados + +Você pode adicionar mais informações sobre o parâmetro. + +Essa informações serão inclusas no esquema do OpenAPI e utilizado pela documentação interativa e ferramentas externas. + +!!! note "Observação" + Tenha em mente que cada ferramenta oferece diferentes níveis de suporte ao OpenAPI. + + Algumas delas não exibem todas as informações extras que declaramos, ainda que na maioria dos casos, esses recursos estão planejados para desenvolvimento. + +Você pode adicionar um `title`: + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +E uma `description`: + +```Python hl_lines="13" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008.py!} +``` + +## Apelidos (alias) de parâmetros + +Imagine que você queira que um parâmetro tenha o nome `item-query`. + +Desta maneira: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?item-query=foobaritems +``` + +Mas o nome `item-query` não é um nome de váriavel válido no Python. + +O que mais se aproxima é `item_query`. + +Mas ainda você precisa que o nome seja exatamente `item-query`... + +Então você pode declarar um `alias`, e esse apelido (alias) que será utilizado para encontrar o valor do parâmetro: + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009.py!} +``` + +## Parâmetros descontinuados + +Agora vamos dizer que você não queria mais utilizar um parâmetro. + +Você tem que deixá-lo ativo por um tempo, já que existem clientes o utilizando. Mas você quer que a documentação deixe claro que este parâmetro será descontinuado. + +Então você passa o parâmetro `deprecated=True` para `Query`: + +```Python hl_lines="18" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010.py!} +``` + +Na documentação aparecerá assim: + + + +## Recapitulando + +Você pode adicionar validações e metadados adicionais aos seus parâmetros. + +Validações genéricas e metadados: + +* `alias` +* `title` +* `description` +* `deprecated` + +Validações específicas para textos: + +* `min_length` +* `max_length` +* `regex` + +Nesses exemplos você viu como declarar validações em valores do tipo `str`. + +Leia os próximos capítulos para ver como declarar validação de outros tipos, como números. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/query-params.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/query-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..08bb99dbc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/query-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,225 @@ +# Parâmetros de Consulta + +Quando você declara outros parâmetros na função que não fazem parte dos parâmetros da rota, esses parâmetros são automaticamente interpretados como parâmetros de "consulta". + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +A consulta é o conjunto de pares chave-valor que vai depois de `?` na URL, separado pelo caractere `&`. + +Por exemplo, na URL: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10 +``` + +...os parâmetros da consulta são: + +* `skip`: com o valor `0` +* `limit`: com o valor `10` + +Como eles são parte da URL, eles são "naturalmente" strings. + +Mas quando você declara eles com os tipos do Python (no exemplo acima, como `int`), eles são convertidos para aquele tipo e validados em relação a ele. + +Todo o processo que era aplicado para parâmetros de rota também é aplicado para parâmetros de consulta: + +* Suporte do editor (obviamente) +* "Parsing" de dados +* Validação de dados +* Documentação automática + +## Valores padrão + +Como os parâmetros de consulta não são uma parte fixa da rota, eles podem ser opcionais e podem ter valores padrão. + +No exemplo acima eles tem valores padrão de `skip=0` e `limit=10`. + +Então, se você for até a URL: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/ +``` + +Seria o mesmo que ir para: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10 +``` + +Mas, se por exemplo você for para: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=20 +``` + +Os valores dos parâmetros na sua função serão: + +* `skip=20`: Por que você definiu isso na URL +* `limit=10`: Por que esse era o valor padrão + +## Parâmetros opcionais + +Da mesma forma, você pode declarar parâmetros de consulta opcionais, definindo o valor padrão para `None`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +Nesse caso, o parâmetro da função `q` será opcional, e `None` será o padrão. + +!!! check "Verificar" + Você também pode notar que o **FastAPI** é esperto o suficiente para perceber que o parâmetro da rota `item_id` é um parâmetro da rota, e `q` não é, portanto, `q` é o parâmetro de consulta. + + +## Conversão dos tipos de parâmetros de consulta + +Você também pode declarar tipos `bool`, e eles serão convertidos: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +Nesse caso, se você for para: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=1 +``` + +ou + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=True +``` + +ou + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=true +``` + +ou + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=on +``` + +ou + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=yes +``` + +ou qualquer outra variação (tudo em maiúscula, primeira letra em maiúscula, etc), a sua função vai ver o parâmetro `short` com um valor `bool` de `True`. Caso contrário `False`. + +## Múltiplos parâmetros de rota e consulta + +Você pode declarar múltiplos parâmetros de rota e parâmetros de consulta ao mesmo tempo, o **FastAPI** vai saber o quê é o quê. + +E você não precisa declarar eles em nenhuma ordem específica. + +Eles serão detectados pelo nome: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="6 8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +## Parâmetros de consulta obrigatórios + +Quando você declara um valor padrão para parâmetros que não são de rota (até agora, nós vimos apenas parâmetros de consulta), então eles não são obrigatórios. + +Caso você não queira adicionar um valor específico mas queira apenas torná-lo opcional, defina o valor padrão como `None`. + +Porém, quando você quiser fazer com que o parâmetro de consulta seja obrigatório, você pode simplesmente não declarar nenhum valor como padrão. + +```Python hl_lines="6-7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +Aqui o parâmetro de consulta `needy` é um valor obrigatório, do tipo `str`. + +Se você abrir no seu navegador a URL: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item +``` + +... sem adicionar o parâmetro obrigatório `needy`, você verá um erro como: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "query", + "needy" + ], + "msg": "field required", + "type": "value_error.missing" + } + ] +} +``` + +Como `needy` é um parâmetro obrigatório, você precisaria defini-lo na URL: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item?needy=sooooneedy +``` + +...isso deve funcionar: + +```JSON +{ + "item_id": "foo-item", + "needy": "sooooneedy" +} +``` + +E claro, você pode definir alguns parâmetros como obrigatórios, alguns possuindo um valor padrão, e outros sendo totalmente opcionais: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + +Nesse caso, existem 3 parâmetros de consulta: + +* `needy`, um `str` obrigatório. +* `skip`, um `int` com o valor padrão `0`. +* `limit`, um `int` opcional. + +!!! tip "Dica" + Você também poderia usar `Enum` da mesma forma que com [Path Parameters](path-params.md#predefined-values){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..259f262f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +# Formulários e Arquivos da Requisição + +Você pode definir arquivos e campos de formulário ao mesmo tempo usando `File` e `Form`. + +!!! info "Informação" + Para receber arquivos carregados e/ou dados de formulário, primeiro instale `python-multipart`. + + Por exemplo: `pip install python-multipart`. + + +## Importe `File` e `Form` + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## Defina parâmetros de `File` e `Form` + +Crie parâmetros de arquivo e formulário da mesma forma que você faria para `Body` ou `Query`: + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Os arquivos e campos de formulário serão carregados como dados de formulário e você receberá os arquivos e campos de formulário. + +E você pode declarar alguns dos arquivos como `bytes` e alguns como `UploadFile`. + +!!! warning "Aviso" + Você pode declarar vários parâmetros `File` e `Form` em uma *operação de caminho*, mas não é possível declarar campos `Body` para receber como JSON, pois a requisição terá o corpo codificado usando `multipart/form-data` ao invés de `application/json`. + + Isso não é uma limitação do **FastAPI** , é parte do protocolo HTTP. + +## Recapitulando + +Usar `File` e `Form` juntos quando precisar receber dados e arquivos na mesma requisição. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b6c1b0e75 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +# Dados do formulário + +Quando você precisar receber campos de formulário ao invés de JSON, você pode usar `Form`. + +!!! info "Informação" + Para usar formulários, primeiro instale `python-multipart`. + + Ex: `pip install python-multipart`. + +## Importe `Form` + +Importe `Form` de `fastapi`: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## Declare parâmetros de `Form` + +Crie parâmetros de formulário da mesma forma que você faria para `Body` ou `Query`: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Por exemplo, em uma das maneiras que a especificação OAuth2 pode ser usada (chamada "fluxo de senha"), é necessário enviar um `username` e uma `password` como campos do formulário. + +A spec exige que os campos sejam exatamente nomeados como `username` e `password` e sejam enviados como campos de formulário, não JSON. + +Com `Form` você pode declarar os mesmos metadados e validação que com `Body` (e `Query`, `Path`, `Cookie`). + +!!! info "Informação" + `Form` é uma classe que herda diretamente de `Body`. + +!!! tip "Dica" + Para declarar corpos de formulário, você precisa usar `Form` explicitamente, porque sem ele os parâmetros seriam interpretados como parâmetros de consulta ou parâmetros de corpo (JSON). + +## Sobre "Campos de formulário" + +A forma como os formulários HTML (`
`) enviam os dados para o servidor normalmente usa uma codificação "especial" para esses dados, é diferente do JSON. + +O **FastAPI** fará a leitura desses dados no lugar certo em vez de JSON. + +!!! note "Detalhes técnicos" + Os dados dos formulários são normalmente codificados usando o "tipo de mídia" `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`. + + Mas quando o formulário inclui arquivos, ele é codificado como `multipart/form-data`. Você lerá sobre como lidar com arquivos no próximo capítulo. + + Se você quiser ler mais sobre essas codificações e campos de formulário, vá para o MDN web docs para POST. + +!!! warning "Aviso" + Você pode declarar vários parâmetros `Form` em uma *operação de caminho*, mas não pode declarar campos `Body` que espera receber como JSON, pois a solicitação terá o corpo codificado usando `application/x-www- form-urlencoded` em vez de `application/json`. + + Esta não é uma limitação do **FastAPI**, é parte do protocolo HTTP. + +## Recapitulando + +Use `Form` para declarar os parâmetros de entrada de dados de formulário. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2df17d4ea --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +# Código de status de resposta + +Da mesma forma que você pode especificar um modelo de resposta, você também pode declarar o código de status HTTP usado para a resposta com o parâmetro `status_code` em qualquer uma das *operações de caminho*: + +* `@app.get()` +* `@app.post()` +* `@app.put()` +* `@app.delete()` +* etc. + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "Nota" + Observe que `status_code` é um parâmetro do método "decorador" (get, post, etc). Não da sua função de *operação de caminho*, como todos os parâmetros e corpo. + +O parâmetro `status_code` recebe um número com o código de status HTTP. + +!!! info "Informação" + `status_code` também pode receber um `IntEnum`, como o do Python `http.HTTPStatus`. + +Dessa forma: + +* Este código de status será retornado na resposta. +* Será documentado como tal no esquema OpenAPI (e, portanto, nas interfaces do usuário): + + + +!!! note "Nota" + Alguns códigos de resposta (consulte a próxima seção) indicam que a resposta não possui um corpo. + + O FastAPI sabe disso e produzirá documentos OpenAPI informando que não há corpo de resposta. + +## Sobre os códigos de status HTTP + +!!! note "Nota" + Se você já sabe o que são códigos de status HTTP, pule para a próxima seção. + +Em HTTP, você envia um código de status numérico de 3 dígitos como parte da resposta. + +Esses códigos de status têm um nome associado para reconhecê-los, mas o importante é o número. + +Resumidamente: + + +* `100` e acima são para "Informações". Você raramente os usa diretamente. As respostas com esses códigos de status não podem ter um corpo. +* **`200`** e acima são para respostas "Bem-sucedidas". Estes são os que você mais usaria. + * `200` é o código de status padrão, o que significa que tudo estava "OK". + * Outro exemplo seria `201`, "Criado". É comumente usado após a criação de um novo registro no banco de dados. + * Um caso especial é `204`, "Sem Conteúdo". Essa resposta é usada quando não há conteúdo para retornar ao cliente e, portanto, a resposta não deve ter um corpo. +* **`300`** e acima são para "Redirecionamento". As respostas com esses códigos de status podem ou não ter um corpo, exceto `304`, "Não modificado", que não deve ter um. +* **`400`** e acima são para respostas de "Erro do cliente". Este é o segundo tipo que você provavelmente mais usaria. + * Um exemplo é `404`, para uma resposta "Não encontrado". + * Para erros genéricos do cliente, você pode usar apenas `400`. +* `500` e acima são para erros do servidor. Você quase nunca os usa diretamente. Quando algo der errado em alguma parte do código do seu aplicativo ou servidor, ele retornará automaticamente um desses códigos de status. + +!!! tip "Dica" + Para saber mais sobre cada código de status e qual código serve para quê, verifique o MDN documentação sobre códigos de status HTTP. + +## Atalho para lembrar os nomes + +Vamos ver o exemplo anterior novamente: + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`201` é o código de status para "Criado". + +Mas você não precisa memorizar o que cada um desses códigos significa. + +Você pode usar as variáveis de conveniência de `fastapi.status`. + +```Python hl_lines="1 6" +{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +Eles são apenas uma conveniência, eles possuem o mesmo número, mas dessa forma você pode usar o autocomplete do editor para encontrá-los: + + + +!!! note "Detalhes técnicos" + Você também pode usar `from starlette import status`. + + **FastAPI** fornece o mesmo `starlette.status` como `fastapi.status` apenas como uma conveniência para você, o desenvolvedor. Mas vem diretamente da Starlette. + + +## Alterando o padrão + +Mais tarde, no [Guia do usuário avançado](../advanced/response-change-status-code.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, você verá como retornar um código de status diferente do padrão que você está declarando aqui. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0355450fa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +# Declare um exemplo dos dados da requisição + +Você pode declarar exemplos dos dados que a sua aplicação pode receber. + +Aqui estão várias formas de se fazer isso. + +## `schema_extra` do Pydantic + +Você pode declarar um `example` para um modelo Pydantic usando `Config` e `schema_extra`, conforme descrito em Documentação do Pydantic: Schema customization: + +```Python hl_lines="15-23" +{!../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Essas informações extras serão adicionadas como se encontram no **JSON Schema** de resposta desse modelo e serão usadas na documentação da API. + +!!! tip "Dica" + Você pode usar a mesma técnica para estender o JSON Schema e adicionar suas próprias informações extras de forma personalizada. + + Por exemplo, você pode usar isso para adicionar metadados para uma interface de usuário de front-end, etc. + +## `Field` de argumentos adicionais + +Ao usar `Field ()` com modelos Pydantic, você também pode declarar informações extras para o **JSON Schema** passando quaisquer outros argumentos arbitrários para a função. + +Você pode usar isso para adicionar um `example` para cada campo: + +```Python hl_lines="4 10-13" +{!../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +!!! warning "Atenção" + Lembre-se de que esses argumentos extras passados ​​não adicionarão nenhuma validação, apenas informações extras, para fins de documentação. + +## `example` e `examples` no OpenAPI + +Ao usar quaisquer dos: + +* `Path()` +* `Query()` +* `Header()` +* `Cookie()` +* `Body()` +* `Form()` +* `File()` + +você também pode declarar um dado `example` ou um grupo de `examples` com informações adicionais que serão adicionadas ao **OpenAPI**. + +### `Body` com `example` + +Aqui nós passamos um `example` dos dados esperados por `Body()`: + +```Python hl_lines="21-26" +{!../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +### Exemplo na UI da documentação + +Com qualquer um dos métodos acima, os `/docs` vão ficar assim: + + + +### `Body` com vários `examples` + +Alternativamente ao único `example`, você pode passar `examples` usando um `dict` com **vários examples**, cada um com informações extras que serão adicionadas no **OpenAPI** também. + +As chaves do `dict` identificam cada exemplo, e cada valor é outro `dict`. + +Cada `dict` de exemplo específico em `examples` pode conter: + +* `summary`: Pequena descrição do exemplo. +* `description`: Uma descrição longa que pode conter texto em Markdown. +* `value`: O próprio exemplo mostrado, ex: um `dict`. +* `externalValue`: alternativa ao `value`, uma URL apontando para o exemplo. Embora isso possa não ser suportado por tantas ferramentas quanto `value`. + +```Python hl_lines="22-48" +{!../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +### Exemplos na UI da documentação + +Com `examples` adicionado a `Body()`, os `/docs` vão ficar assim: + + + +## Detalhes técnicos + +!!! warning "Atenção" + Esses são detalhes muito técnicos sobre os padrões **JSON Schema** e **OpenAPI**. + + Se as ideias explicadas acima já funcionam para você, isso pode ser o suficiente, e você provavelmente não precisa desses detalhes, fique à vontade para pular. + +Quando você adiciona um exemplo dentro de um modelo Pydantic, usando `schema_extra` ou` Field(example="something") `esse exemplo é adicionado ao **JSON Schema** para esse modelo Pydantic. + +E esse **JSON Schema** do modelo Pydantic está incluído no **OpenAPI** da sua API e, em seguida, é usado na UI da documentação. + +O **JSON Schema** na verdade não tem um campo `example` nos padrões. Versões recentes do JSON Schema definem um campo `examples`, mas o OpenAPI 3.0.3 é baseado numa versão mais antiga do JSON Schema que não tinha `examples`. + +Por isso, o OpenAPI 3.0.3 definiu o seu próprio `example` para a versão modificada do **JSON Schema** que é usada, para o mesmo próposito (mas é apenas `example` no singular, não `examples`), e é isso que é usado pela UI da documentação da API(usando o Swagger UI). + +Portanto, embora `example` não seja parte do JSON Schema, é parte da versão customizada do JSON Schema usada pelo OpenAPI, e é isso que vai ser usado dentro da UI de documentação. + +Mas quando você usa `example` ou `examples` com qualquer um dos outros utilitários (`Query()`, `Body()`, etc.) esses exemplos não são adicionados ao JSON Schema que descreve esses dados (nem mesmo para versão própria do OpenAPI do JSON Schema), eles são adicionados diretamente à declaração da *operação de rota* no OpenAPI (fora das partes do OpenAPI que usam o JSON Schema). + +Para `Path()`, `Query()`, `Header()`, e `Cookie()`, o `example` e `examples` são adicionados a definição do OpenAPI, dentro do `Parameter Object` (na especificação). + +E para `Body()`, `File()`, e `Form()`, o `example` e `examples` são de maneira equivalente adicionados para a definição do OpenAPI, dentro do `Request Body Object`, no campo `content`, no `Media Type Object` (na especificação). + +Por outro lado, há uma versão mais recente do OpenAPI: **3.1.0**, lançada recentemente. Baseado no JSON Schema mais recente e a maioria das modificações da versão customizada do OpenAPI do JSON Schema são removidas, em troca dos recursos das versões recentes do JSON Schema, portanto, todas essas pequenas diferenças são reduzidas. No entanto, a UI do Swagger atualmente não oferece suporte a OpenAPI 3.1.0, então, por enquanto, é melhor continuar usando as opções acima. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ed07d1c96 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md @@ -0,0 +1,181 @@ +# Segurança - Primeiros Passos + +Vamos imaginar que você tem a sua API **backend** em algum domínio. + +E você tem um **frontend** em outro domínio ou em um path diferente no mesmo domínio (ou em uma aplicação mobile). + +E você quer uma maneira de o frontend autenticar o backend, usando um **username** e **senha**. + +Nós podemos usar o **OAuth2** junto com o **FastAPI**. + +Mas, vamos poupar-lhe o tempo de ler toda a especificação apenas para achar as pequenas informações que você precisa. + +Vamos usar as ferramentas fornecidas pela **FastAPI** para lidar com segurança. + +## Como Parece + +Vamos primeiro usar o código e ver como funciona, e depois voltaremos para entender o que está acontecendo. + +## Crie um `main.py` +Copie o exemplo em um arquivo `main.py`: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## Execute-o + +!!! informação + Primeiro, instale `python-multipart`. + + Ex: `pip install python-multipart`. + + Isso ocorre porque o **OAuth2** usa "dados de um formulário" para mandar o **username** e **senha**. + +Execute esse exemplo com: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +## Verifique-o + +Vá até a documentação interativa em: http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +Você verá algo deste tipo: + + + +!!! marque o "botão de Autorizar!" + Você já tem um novo "botão de autorizar!". + + E seu *path operation* tem um pequeno cadeado no canto superior direito que você pode clicar. + +E se você clicar, você terá um pequeno formulário de autorização para digitar o `username` e `senha` (e outros campos opcionais): + + + +!!! nota + Não importa o que você digita no formulário, não vai funcionar ainda. Mas nós vamos chegar lá. + +Claro que este não é o frontend para os usuários finais, mas é uma ótima ferramenta automática para documentar interativamente toda sua API. + +Pode ser usado pelo time de frontend (que pode ser você no caso). + +Pode ser usado por aplicações e sistemas third party (de terceiros). + +E também pode ser usada por você mesmo, para debugar, checar e testar a mesma aplicação. + +## O Fluxo da `senha` + +Agora vamos voltar um pouco e entender o que é isso tudo. + +O "fluxo" da `senha` é um dos caminhos ("fluxos") definidos no OAuth2, para lidar com a segurança e autenticação. + +OAuth2 foi projetado para que o backend ou a API pudesse ser independente do servidor que autentica o usuário. + +Mas nesse caso, a mesma aplicação **FastAPI** irá lidar com a API e a autenticação. + +Então, vamos rever de um ponto de vista simplificado: + +* O usuário digita o `username` e a `senha` no frontend e aperta `Enter`. +* O frontend (rodando no browser do usuário) manda o `username` e a `senha` para uma URL específica na sua API (declarada com `tokenUrl="token"`). +* A API checa aquele `username` e `senha`, e responde com um "token" (nós não implementamos nada disso ainda). + * Um "token" é apenas uma string com algum conteúdo que nós podemos utilizar mais tarde para verificar o usuário. + * Normalmente, um token é definido para expirar depois de um tempo. + * Então, o usuário terá que se logar de novo depois de um tempo. + * E se o token for roubado, o risco é menor. Não é como se fosse uma chave permanente que vai funcionar para sempre (na maioria dos casos). + * O frontend armazena aquele token temporariamente em algum lugar. + * O usuário clica no frontend para ir à outra seção daquele frontend do aplicativo web. + * O frontend precisa buscar mais dados daquela API. + * Mas precisa de autenticação para aquele endpoint em específico. + * Então, para autenticar com nossa API, ele manda um header de `Autorização` com o valor `Bearer` mais o token. + * Se o token contém `foobar`, o conteúdo do header de `Autorização` será: `Bearer foobar`. + +## **FastAPI**'s `OAuth2PasswordBearer` + +**FastAPI** fornece várias ferramentas, em diferentes níveis de abstração, para implementar esses recursos de segurança. + +Neste exemplo, nós vamos usar o **OAuth2** com o fluxo de **Senha**, usando um token **Bearer**. Fazemos isso usando a classe `OAuth2PasswordBearer`. + +!!! informação + Um token "bearer" não é a única opção. + + Mas é a melhor no nosso caso. + + E talvez seja a melhor para a maioria dos casos, a não ser que você seja um especialista em OAuth2 e saiba exatamente o porquê de existir outras opções que se adequam melhor às suas necessidades. + + Nesse caso, **FastAPI** também fornece as ferramentas para construir. + +Quando nós criamos uma instância da classe `OAuth2PasswordBearer`, nós passamos pelo parâmetro `tokenUrl` Esse parâmetro contém a URL que o client (o frontend rodando no browser do usuário) vai usar para mandar o `username` e `senha` para obter um token. + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! dica + Esse `tokenUrl="token"` se refere a uma URL relativa que nós não criamos ainda. Como é uma URL relativa, é equivalente a `./token`. + + Porque estamos usando uma URL relativa, se sua API estava localizada em `https://example.com/`, então irá referir-se à `https://example.com/token`. Mas se sua API estava localizada em `https://example.com/api/v1/`, então irá referir-se à `https://example.com/api/v1/token`. + + Usar uma URL relativa é importante para garantir que sua aplicação continue funcionando, mesmo em um uso avançado tipo [Atrás de um Proxy](../../advanced/behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Esse parâmetro não cria um endpoint / *path operation*, mas declara que a URL `/token` vai ser aquela que o client deve usar para obter o token. Essa informação é usada no OpenAPI, e depois na API Interativa de documentação de sistemas. + +Em breve também criaremos o atual path operation. + +!!! informação + Se você é um "Pythonista" muito rigoroso, você pode não gostar do estilo do nome do parâmetro `tokenUrl` em vez de `token_url`. + + Isso ocorre porque está utilizando o mesmo nome que está nas especificações do OpenAPI. Então, se você precisa investigar mais sobre qualquer um desses esquemas de segurança, você pode simplesmente copiar e colar para encontrar mais informações sobre isso. + +A variável `oauth2_scheme` é um instância de `OAuth2PasswordBearer`, mas também é um "callable". + +Pode ser chamada de: + +```Python +oauth2_scheme(some, parameters) +``` + +Então, pode ser usado com `Depends`. + +## Use-o + +Agora você pode passar aquele `oauth2_scheme` em uma dependência com `Depends`. + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Esse dependência vai fornecer uma `str` que é atribuído ao parâmetro `token da *função do path operation* + +A **FastAPI** saberá que pode usar essa dependência para definir um "esquema de segurança" no esquema da OpenAPI (e na documentação da API automática). + +!!! informação "Detalhes técnicos" + **FastAPI** saberá que pode usar a classe `OAuth2PasswordBearer` (declarada na dependência) para definir o esquema de segurança na OpenAPI porque herda de `fastapi.security.oauth2.OAuth2`, que por sua vez herda de `fastapi.security.base.Securitybase`. + + Todos os utilitários de segurança que se integram com OpenAPI (e na documentação da API automática) herdam de `SecurityBase`, é assim que **FastAPI** pode saber como integrá-los no OpenAPI. + +## O que ele faz + +Ele irá e olhará na requisição para aquele header de `Autorização`, verificará se o valor é `Bearer` mais algum token, e vai retornar o token como uma `str` + +Se ele não ver o header de `Autorização` ou o valor não tem um token `Bearer`, vai responder com um código de erro 401 (`UNAUTHORIZED`) diretamente. + +Você nem precisa verificar se o token existe para retornar um erro. Você pode ter certeza de que se a sua função for executada, ela terá um `str` nesse token. + +Você já pode experimentar na documentação interativa: + + + +Não estamos verificando a validade do token ainda, mas isso já é um começo + +## Recapitulando + +Então, em apenas 3 ou 4 linhas extras, você já tem alguma forma primitiva de segurança. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/security/index.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/security/index.md index 70f864040..f94a8ab62 100644 --- a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/security/index.md +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/security/index.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Introdução à segurança +# Segurança Há várias formas de lidar segurança, autenticação e autorização. diff --git a/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/static-files.md b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/static-files.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..009158fc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pt/docs/tutorial/static-files.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +# Arquivos Estáticos + +Você pode servir arquivos estáticos automaticamente de um diretório usando `StaticFiles`. + +## Use `StaticFiles` + +* Importe `StaticFiles`. +* "Monte" uma instância de `StaticFiles()` em um caminho específico. + +```Python hl_lines="2 6" +{!../../../docs_src/static_files/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "Detalhes técnicos" + Você também pode usar `from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles`. + + O **FastAPI** fornece o mesmo que `starlette.staticfiles` como `fastapi.staticfiles` apenas como uma conveniência para você, o desenvolvedor. Mas na verdade vem diretamente da Starlette. + +### O que é "Montagem" + +"Montagem" significa adicionar um aplicativo completamente "independente" em uma rota específica, que então cuida de todas as subrotas. + +Isso é diferente de usar um `APIRouter`, pois um aplicativo montado é completamente independente. A OpenAPI e a documentação do seu aplicativo principal não incluirão nada do aplicativo montado, etc. + +Você pode ler mais sobre isso no **Guia Avançado do Usuário**. + +## Detalhes + +O primeiro `"/static"` refere-se à subrota em que este "subaplicativo" será "montado". Portanto, qualquer caminho que comece com `"/static"` será tratado por ele. + +O `directory="static"` refere-se ao nome do diretório que contém seus arquivos estáticos. + +O `name="static"` dá a ela um nome que pode ser usado internamente pelo FastAPI. + +Todos esses parâmetros podem ser diferentes de "`static`", ajuste-os de acordo com as necessidades e detalhes específicos de sua própria aplicação. + +## Mais informações + +Para mais detalhes e opções, verifique Starlette's docs about Static Files. diff --git a/docs/pt/mkdocs.yml b/docs/pt/mkdocs.yml index 219f41b81..de18856f4 100644 --- a/docs/pt/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/pt/mkdocs.yml @@ -1,147 +1 @@ -site_name: FastAPI -site_description: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production -site_url: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/pt/ -theme: - name: material - custom_dir: overrides - palette: - - scheme: default - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb - name: Switch to light mode - - scheme: slate - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb-outline - name: Switch to dark mode - features: - - search.suggest - - search.highlight - - content.tabs.link - icon: - repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - logo: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/icon-white.svg - favicon: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png - language: pt -repo_name: tiangolo/fastapi -repo_url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi -edit_uri: '' -google_analytics: -- UA-133183413-1 -- auto -plugins: -- search -- markdownextradata: - data: data -nav: -- FastAPI: index.md -- Languages: - - en: / - - az: /az/ - - de: /de/ - - es: /es/ - - fr: /fr/ - - id: /id/ - - it: /it/ - - ja: /ja/ - - ko: /ko/ - - pl: /pl/ - - pt: /pt/ - - ru: /ru/ - - sq: /sq/ - - tr: /tr/ - - uk: /uk/ - - zh: /zh/ -- features.md -- fastapi-people.md -- Tutorial - Guia de Usuário: - - tutorial/index.md - - tutorial/first-steps.md - - tutorial/path-params.md - - tutorial/body-fields.md - - Segurança: - - tutorial/security/index.md - - Guia de Usuário Avançado: - - advanced/index.md -- Implantação: - - deployment/index.md - - deployment/versions.md - - deployment/https.md -- alternatives.md -- history-design-future.md -- external-links.md -- benchmarks.md -markdown_extensions: -- toc: - permalink: true -- markdown.extensions.codehilite: - guess_lang: false -- mdx_include: - base_path: docs -- admonition -- codehilite -- extra -- pymdownx.superfences: - custom_fences: - - name: mermaid - class: mermaid - format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' -- pymdownx.tabbed -extra: - social: - - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/discord - link: https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf - - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter - link: https://twitter.com/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin - link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/dev - link: https://dev.to/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/medium - link: https://medium.com/@tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/solid/globe - link: https://tiangolo.com - alternate: - - link: / - name: en - English - - link: /az/ - name: az - - link: /de/ - name: de - - link: /es/ - name: es - español - - link: /fr/ - name: fr - français - - link: /id/ - name: id - - link: /it/ - name: it - italiano - - link: /ja/ - name: ja - 日本語 - - link: /ko/ - name: ko - 한국어 - - link: /pl/ - name: pl - - link: /pt/ - name: pt - português - - link: /ru/ - name: ru - русский язык - - link: /sq/ - name: sq - shqip - - link: /tr/ - name: tr - Türkçe - - link: /uk/ - name: uk - українська мова - - link: /zh/ - name: zh - 汉语 -extra_css: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/termynal.css -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/custom.css -extra_javascript: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/termynal.js -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/custom.js +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/alternatives.md b/docs/ru/docs/alternatives.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9e3c497d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/alternatives.md @@ -0,0 +1,460 @@ +# Альтернативы, источники вдохновения и сравнения + +Что вдохновило на создание **FastAPI**, сравнение его с альтернативами и чему он научился у них. + +## Введение + +**FastAPI** не существовал бы, если б не было более ранних работ других людей. + +Они создали большое количество инструментов, которые вдохновили меня на создание **FastAPI**. + +Я всячески избегал создания нового фреймворка в течение нескольких лет. +Сначала я пытался собрать все нужные функции, которые ныне есть в **FastAPI**, используя множество различных фреймворков, плагинов и инструментов. + +Но в какой-то момент не осталось другого выбора, кроме как создать что-то, что предоставляло бы все эти функции сразу. +Взять самые лучшие идеи из предыдущих инструментов и, используя новые возможности Python (которых не было до версии 3.6, то есть подсказки типов), объединить их. + +## Предшествующие инструменты + +### Django + +Это самый популярный Python-фреймворк, и он пользуется доверием. +Он используется для создания проектов типа Instagram. + +Django довольно тесно связан с реляционными базами данных (такими как MySQL или PostgreSQL), потому использовать NoSQL базы данных (например, Couchbase, MongoDB, Cassandra и т.п.) в качестве основного хранилища данных - непросто. + +Он был создан для генерации HTML-страниц на сервере, а не для создания API, используемых современными веб-интерфейсами (React, Vue.js, Angular и т.п.) или другими системами (например, IoT) взаимодействующими с сервером. + +### Django REST Framework + +Фреймворк Django REST был создан, как гибкий инструментарий для создания веб-API на основе Django. + +DRF использовался многими компаниями, включая Mozilla, Red Hat и Eventbrite. + +Это был один из первых примеров **автоматического документирования API** и это была одна из первых идей, вдохновивших на создание **FastAPI**. + +!!! note "Заметка" + Django REST Framework был создан Tom Christie. + Он же создал Starlette и Uvicorn, на которых основан **FastAPI**. + +!!! check "Идея для **FastAPI**" + Должно быть автоматическое создание документации API с пользовательским веб-интерфейсом. + +### Flask + +Flask - это "микрофреймворк", в нём нет интеграции с базами данных и многих других вещей, которые предустановлены в Django. + +Его простота и гибкость дают широкие возможности, такие как использование баз данных NoSQL в качестве основной системы хранения данных. + +Он очень прост, его изучение интуитивно понятно, хотя в некоторых местах документация довольно техническая. + +Flask часто используется и для приложений, которым не нужна база данных, настройки прав доступа для пользователей и прочие из множества функций, предварительно встроенных в Django. +Хотя многие из этих функций могут быть добавлены с помощью плагинов. + +Такое разделение на части и то, что это "микрофреймворк", который можно расширить, добавляя необходимые возможности, было ключевой особенностью, которую я хотел сохранить. + +Простота Flask, показалась мне подходящей для создания API. +Но ещё нужно было найти "Django REST Framework" для Flask. + +!!! check "Идеи для **FastAPI**" + Это будет микрофреймворк. К нему легко будет добавить необходимые инструменты и части. + + Должна быть простая и лёгкая в использовании система маршрутизации запросов. + + +### Requests + +На самом деле **FastAPI** не является альтернативой **Requests**. +Их область применения очень разная. + +В принципе, можно использовать Requests *внутри* приложения FastAPI. + +Но всё же я использовал в FastAPI некоторые идеи из Requests. + +**Requests** - это библиотека для взаимодействия с API в качестве клиента, +в то время как **FastAPI** - это библиотека для *создания* API (то есть сервера). + +Они, так или иначе, диаметрально противоположны и дополняют друг друга. + +Requests имеет очень простой и понятный дизайн, очень прост в использовании и имеет разумные значения по умолчанию. +И в то же время он очень мощный и настраиваемый. + +Вот почему на официальном сайте написано: + +> Requests - один из самых загружаемых пакетов Python всех времен + + +Использовать его очень просто. Например, чтобы выполнить запрос `GET`, Вы бы написали: + +```Python +response = requests.get("http://example.com/some/url") +``` + +Противоположная *операция пути* в FastAPI может выглядеть следующим образом: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +@app.get("/some/url") +def read_url(): + return {"message": "Hello World"} +``` + +Глядите, как похоже `requests.get(...)` и `@app.get(...)`. + +!!! check "Идеи для **FastAPI**" + * Должен быть простой и понятный API. + * Нужно использовать названия HTTP-методов (операций) для упрощения понимания происходящего. + * Должны быть разумные настройки по умолчанию и широкие возможности их кастомизации. + + +### Swagger / OpenAPI + +Главной функцией, которую я хотел унаследовать от Django REST Framework, была автоматическая документация API. + +Но потом я обнаружил, что существует стандарт документирования API, использующий JSON (или YAML, расширение JSON) под названием Swagger. + +И к нему уже был создан пользовательский веб-интерфейс. +Таким образом, возможность генерировать документацию Swagger для API позволила бы использовать этот интерфейс. + +В какой-то момент Swagger был передан Linux Foundation и переименован в OpenAPI. + +Вот почему, когда говорят о версии 2.0, обычно говорят "Swagger", а для версии 3+ "OpenAPI". + +!!! check "Идеи для **FastAPI**" + Использовать открытые стандарты для спецификаций API вместо самодельных схем. + + Совместимость с основанными на стандартах пользовательскими интерфейсами: + + * Swagger UI + * ReDoc + + Они были выбраны за популярность и стабильность. + Но сделав беглый поиск, Вы можете найти десятки альтернативных пользовательских интерфейсов для OpenAPI, которые Вы можете использовать с **FastAPI**. + +### REST фреймворки для Flask + +Существует несколько REST фреймворков для Flask, но потратив время и усилия на их изучение, я обнаружил, что многие из них не обновляются или заброшены и имеют нерешённые проблемы из-за которых они непригодны к использованию. + +### Marshmallow + +Одной из основных функций, необходимых системам API, является "сериализация" данных, то есть преобразование данных из кода (Python) во что-то, что может быть отправлено по сети. +Например, превращение объекта содержащего данные из базы данных в объект JSON, конвертация объекта `datetime` в строку и т.п. + +Еще одна важная функция, необходимая API — проверка данных, позволяющая убедиться, что данные действительны и соответствуют заданным параметрам. +Как пример, можно указать, что ожидаются данные типа `int`, а не какая-то произвольная строка. +Это особенно полезно для входящих данных. + +Без системы проверки данных Вам пришлось бы прописывать все проверки вручную. + +Именно для обеспечения этих функций и была создана Marshmallow. +Это отличная библиотека и я много раз пользовался ею раньше. + +Но она была создана до того, как появились подсказки типов Python. +Итак, чтобы определить каждую схему, +Вам нужно использовать определенные утилиты и классы, предоставляемые Marshmallow. + +!!! check "Идея для **FastAPI**" + Использовать код программы для автоматического создания "схем", определяющих типы данных и их проверку. + +### Webargs + +Другая немаловажная функция API - парсинг данных из входящих запросов. + +Webargs - это инструмент, который был создан для этого и поддерживает несколько фреймворков, включая Flask. + +Для проверки данных он использует Marshmallow и создан теми же авторами. + +Это превосходный инструмент и я тоже часто пользовался им до **FastAPI**. + +!!! info "Информация" + Webargs бы создан разработчиками Marshmallow. + +!!! check "Идея для **FastAPI**" + Должна быть автоматическая проверка входных данных. + +### APISpec + +Marshmallow и Webargs осуществляют проверку, анализ и сериализацию данных как плагины. + +Но документации API всё ещё не было. Тогда был создан APISpec. + +Это плагин для множества фреймворков, в том числе и для Starlette. + +Он работает так - Вы записываете определение схем, используя формат YAML, внутри докстринга каждой функции, обрабатывающей маршрут. + +Используя эти докстринги, он генерирует схему OpenAPI. + +Так это работает для Flask, Starlette, Responder и т.п. + +Но теперь у нас возникает новая проблема - наличие постороннего микро-синтаксиса внутри кода Python (большие YAML). + +Редактор кода не особо может помочь в такой парадигме. +А изменив какие-то параметры или схемы для Marshmallow можно забыть отредактировать докстринг с YAML и сгенерированная схема становится недействительной. + +!!! info "Информация" + APISpec тоже был создан авторами Marshmallow. + +!!! check "Идея для **FastAPI**" + Необходима поддержка открытого стандарта для API - OpenAPI. + +### Flask-apispec + +Это плагин для Flask, который связан с Webargs, Marshmallow и APISpec. + +Он получает информацию от Webargs и Marshmallow, а затем использует APISpec для автоматического создания схемы OpenAPI. + +Это отличный, но крайне недооценённый инструмент. +Он должен быть более популярен, чем многие плагины для Flask. +Возможно, это связано с тем, что его документация слишком скудна и абстрактна. + +Он избавил от необходимости писать чужеродный синтаксис YAML внутри докстрингов. + +Такое сочетание Flask, Flask-apispec, Marshmallow и Webargs было моим любимым стеком при построении бэкенда до появления **FastAPI**. + +Использование этого стека привело к созданию нескольких генераторов проектов. Я и некоторые другие команды до сих пор используем их: + +* https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack +* https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchbase +* https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchdb + +Эти генераторы проектов также стали основой для [Генераторов проектов с **FastAPI**](project-generation.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +!!! info "Информация" + Как ни странно, но Flask-apispec тоже создан авторами Marshmallow. + +!!! check "Идея для **FastAPI**" + Схема OpenAPI должна создаваться автоматически и использовать тот же код, который осуществляет сериализацию и проверку данных. + +### NestJS (и Angular) + +Здесь даже не используется Python. NestJS - этот фреймворк написанный на JavaScript (TypeScript), основанный на NodeJS и вдохновлённый Angular. + +Он позволяет получить нечто похожее на то, что можно сделать с помощью Flask-apispec. + +В него встроена система внедрения зависимостей, ещё одна идея взятая от Angular. +Однако требуется предварительная регистрация "внедрений" (как и во всех других известных мне системах внедрения зависимостей), что увеличивает количество и повторяемость кода. + +Так как параметры в нём описываются с помощью типов TypeScript (аналогично подсказкам типов в Python), поддержка редактора работает довольно хорошо. + +Но поскольку данные из TypeScript не сохраняются после компиляции в JavaScript, он не может полагаться на подсказки типов для определения проверки данных, сериализации и документации. +Из-за этого и некоторых дизайнерских решений, для валидации, сериализации и автоматической генерации схем, приходится во многих местах добавлять декораторы. +Таким образом, это становится довольно многословным. + +Кроме того, он не очень хорошо справляется с вложенными моделями. +Если в запросе имеется объект JSON, внутренние поля которого, в свою очередь, являются вложенными объектами JSON, это не может быть должным образом задокументировано и проверено. + +!!! check "Идеи для **FastAPI** " + Нужно использовать подсказки типов, чтоб воспользоваться поддержкой редактора кода. + + Нужна мощная система внедрения зависимостей. Необходим способ для уменьшения повторов кода. + +### Sanic + +Sanic был одним из первых чрезвычайно быстрых Python-фреймворков основанных на `asyncio`. +Он был сделан очень похожим на Flask. + +!!! note "Технические детали" + В нём использован `uvloop` вместо стандартного цикла событий `asyncio`, что и сделало его таким быстрым. + + Он явно вдохновил создателей Uvicorn и Starlette, которые в настоящее время быстрее Sanic в открытых бенчмарках. + +!!! check "Идеи для **FastAPI**" + Должна быть сумасшедшая производительность. + + Для этого **FastAPI** основан на Starlette, самом быстром из доступных фреймворков (по замерам незаинтересованных лиц). + +### Falcon + +Falcon - ещё один высокопроизводительный Python-фреймворк. +В нём минимум функций и он создан, чтоб быть основой для других фреймворков, например, Hug. + +Функции в нём получают два параметра - "запрос к серверу" и "ответ сервера". +Затем Вы "читаете" часть запроса и "пишите" часть ответа. +Из-за такой конструкции невозможно объявить параметры запроса и тела сообщения со стандартными подсказками типов Python в качестве параметров функции. + +Таким образом, и валидацию данных, и их сериализацию, и документацию нужно прописывать вручную. +Либо эти функции должны быть встроены во фреймворк, сконструированный поверх Falcon, как в Hug. +Такая же особенность присутствует и в других фреймворках, вдохновлённых идеей Falcon, использовать только один объект запроса и один объект ответа. + +!!! check "Идея для **FastAPI**" + Найдите способы добиться отличной производительности. + + Объявлять параметры `ответа сервера` в функциях, как в Hug. + + Хотя в FastAPI это необязательно и используется в основном для установки заголовков, куки и альтернативных кодов состояния. + +### Molten + +Molten мне попался на начальной стадии написания **FastAPI**. В нём были похожие идеи: + +* Использование подсказок типов. +* Валидация и документация исходя из этих подсказок. +* Система внедрения зависимостей. + +В нём не используются сторонние библиотеки (такие, как Pydantic) для валидации, сериализации и документации. +Поэтому переиспользовать эти определения типов непросто. + +Также требуется более подробная конфигурация и используется стандарт WSGI, который не предназначен для использования с высокопроизводительными инструментами, такими как Uvicorn, Starlette и Sanic, в отличие от ASGI. + +Его система внедрения зависимостей требует предварительной регистрации, и зависимости определяются, как объявления типов. +Из-за этого невозможно объявить более одного "компонента" (зависимости), который предоставляет определенный тип. + +Маршруты объявляются в единственном месте с использованием функций, объявленных в других местах (вместо использования декораторов, в которые могут быть обёрнуты функции, обрабатывающие конкретные ресурсы). +Это больше похоже на Django, чем на Flask и Starlette. +Он разделяет в коде вещи, которые довольно тесно связаны. + +!!! check "Идея для **FastAPI**" + Определить дополнительные проверки типов данных, используя значения атрибутов модели "по умолчанию". + Это улучшает помощь редактора и раньше это не было доступно в Pydantic. + + Фактически это подтолкнуло на обновление Pydantic для поддержки одинакового стиля проверок (теперь этот функционал уже доступен в Pydantic). + +### Hug + +Hug был одним из первых фреймворков, реализовавших объявление параметров API с использованием подсказок типов Python. +Эта отличная идея была использована и другими инструментами. + +При объявлении параметров вместо стандартных типов Python использовались собственные типы, но всё же это был огромный шаг вперед. + +Это также был один из первых фреймворков, генерировавших полную API-схему в формате JSON. + +Данная схема не придерживалась стандартов вроде OpenAPI и JSON Schema. +Поэтому было бы непросто совместить её с другими инструментами, такими как Swagger UI. +Но опять же, это была очень инновационная идея. + +Ещё у него есть интересная и необычная функция: используя один и тот же фреймворк можно создавать и API, и CLI. + +Поскольку он основан на WSGI, старом стандарте для синхронных веб-фреймворков, он не может работать с веб-сокетами и другими модными штуками, но всё равно обладает высокой производительностью. + +!!! info "Информация" + Hug создан Timothy Crosley, автором `isort`, отличного инструмента для автоматической сортировки импортов в Python-файлах. + +!!! check "Идеи для **FastAPI**" + Hug повлиял на создание некоторых частей APIStar и был одним из инструментов, которые я счел наиболее многообещающими, наряду с APIStar. + + Hug натолкнул на мысли использовать в **FastAPI** подсказки типов Python для автоматического создания схемы, определяющей API и его параметры. + + Hug вдохновил **FastAPI** объявить параметр `ответа` в функциях для установки заголовков и куки. + +### APIStar (<= 0.5) + +Непосредственно перед тем, как принять решение о создании **FastAPI**, я обнаружил **APIStar**. +В нем было почти все, что я искал и у него был отличный дизайн. + +Это была одна из первых реализаций фреймворка, использующего подсказки типов для объявления параметров и запросов, которые я когда-либо видел (до NestJS и Molten). +Я нашёл его примерно в то же время, что и Hug, но APIStar использовал стандарт OpenAPI. + +В нём были автоматические проверка и сериализация данных и генерация схемы OpenAPI основанные на подсказках типов в нескольких местах. + +При определении схемы тела сообщения не использовались подсказки типов, как в Pydantic, это больше похоже на Marshmallow, поэтому помощь редактора была недостаточно хорошей, но всё же APIStar был лучшим доступным вариантом. + +На тот момент у него были лучшие показатели производительности (проигрывающие только Starlette). + +Изначально у него не было автоматической документации API для веб-интерфейса, но я знал, что могу добавить к нему Swagger UI. + +В APIStar была система внедрения зависимостей, которая тоже требовала предварительную регистрацию компонентов, как и ранее описанные инструменты. +Но, тем не менее, это была отличная штука. + +Я не смог использовать его в полноценном проекте, так как были проблемы со встраиванием функций безопасности в схему OpenAPI, из-за которых невозможно было встроить все функции, применяемые в генераторах проектов на основе Flask-apispec. +Я добавил в свой список задач создание пул-реквеста, добавляющего эту функциональность. + +В дальнейшем фокус проекта сместился. + +Это больше не был API-фреймворк, так как автор сосредоточился на Starlette. + +Ныне APIStar - это набор инструментов для проверки спецификаций OpenAPI. + +!!! info "Информация" + APIStar был создан Tom Christie. Тот самый парень, который создал: + + * Django REST Framework + * Starlette (на котором основан **FastAPI**) + * Uvicorn (используемый в Starlette и **FastAPI**) + +!!! check "Идеи для **FastAPI**" + Воплощение. + + Мне казалось блестящей идеей объявлять множество функций (проверка данных, сериализация, документация) с помощью одних и тех же типов Python, которые при этом обеспечивают ещё и помощь редактора кода. + + После долгих поисков среди похожих друг на друга фреймворков и сравнения их различий, APIStar стал самым лучшим выбором. + + Но APIStar перестал быть фреймворком для создания веб-сервера, зато появился Starlette, новая и лучшая основа для построения подобных систем. + Это была последняя капля, сподвигнувшая на создание **FastAPI**. + + Я считаю **FastAPI** "духовным преемником" APIStar, улучившим его возможности благодаря урокам, извлечённым из всех упомянутых выше инструментов. + +## Что используется в **FastAPI** + +### Pydantic + +Pydantic - это библиотека для валидации данных, сериализации и документирования (используя JSON Schema), основываясь на подсказках типов Python, что делает его чрезвычайно интуитивным. + +Его можно сравнить с Marshmallow, хотя в бенчмарках Pydantic быстрее, чем Marshmallow. +И он основан на тех же подсказках типов, которые отлично поддерживаются редакторами кода. + +!!! check "**FastAPI** использует Pydantic" + Для проверки данных, сериализации данных и автоматической документации моделей (на основе JSON Schema). + + Затем **FastAPI** берёт эти схемы JSON и помещает их в схему OpenAPI, не касаясь других вещей, которые он делает. + +### Starlette + +Starlette - это легковесный ASGI фреймворк/набор инструментов, который идеален для построения высокопроизводительных асинхронных сервисов. + +Starlette очень простой и интуитивный. +Он разработан таким образом, чтобы быть легко расширяемым и иметь модульные компоненты. + +В нём есть: + +* Впечатляющая производительность. +* Поддержка веб-сокетов. +* Фоновые задачи. +* Обработка событий при старте и финише приложения. +* Тестовый клиент на основе HTTPX. +* Поддержка CORS, сжатие GZip, статические файлы, потоковая передача данных. +* Поддержка сессий и куки. +* 100% покрытие тестами. +* 100% аннотированный код. +* Несколько жёстких зависимостей. + +В настоящее время Starlette показывает самую высокую скорость среди Python-фреймворков в тестовых замерах. +Быстрее только Uvicorn, который является сервером, а не фреймворком. + +Starlette обеспечивает весь функционал микрофреймворка, но не предоставляет автоматическую валидацию данных, сериализацию и документацию. + +**FastAPI** добавляет эти функции используя подсказки типов Python и Pydantic. +Ещё **FastAPI** добавляет систему внедрения зависимостей, утилиты безопасности, генерацию схемы OpenAPI и т.д. + +!!! note "Технические детали" + ASGI - это новый "стандарт" разработанный участниками команды Django. + Он пока что не является "стандартом в Python" (то есть принятым PEP), но процесс принятия запущен. + + Тем не менее он уже используется в качестве "стандарта" несколькими инструментами. + Это значительно улучшает совместимость, поскольку Вы можете переключиться с Uvicorn на любой другой ASGI-сервер (например, Daphne или Hypercorn) или Вы можете добавить ASGI-совместимые инструменты, такие как `python-socketio`. + +!!! check "**FastAPI** использует Starlette" + В качестве ядра веб-сервиса для обработки запросов, добавив некоторые функции сверху. + + Класс `FastAPI` наследуется напрямую от класса `Starlette`. + + Таким образом, всё что Вы могли делать со Starlette, Вы можете делать с **FastAPI**, по сути это прокачанный Starlette. + +### Uvicorn + +Uvicorn - это молниеносный ASGI-сервер, построенный на uvloop и httptools. + +Uvicorn является сервером, а не фреймворком. +Например, он не предоставляет инструментов для маршрутизации запросов по ресурсам. +Для этого нужна надстройка, такая как Starlette (или **FastAPI**). + +Он рекомендуется в качестве сервера для Starlette и **FastAPI**. + +!!! check "**FastAPI** рекомендует его" + Как основной сервер для запуска приложения **FastAPI**. + + Вы можете объединить его с Gunicorn, чтобы иметь асинхронный многопроцессный сервер. + + Узнать больше деталей можно в разделе [Развёртывание](deployment/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## Тестовые замеры и скорость + +Чтобы понять, сравнить и увидеть разницу между Uvicorn, Starlette и FastAPI, ознакомьтесь с разделом [Тестовые замеры](benchmarks.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/async.md b/docs/ru/docs/async.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c44fc22d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/async.md @@ -0,0 +1,505 @@ +# Конкурентность и async / await + +Здесь приведена подробная информация об использовании синтаксиса `async def` при написании *функций обработки пути*, а также рассмотрены основы асинхронного программирования, конкурентности и параллелизма. + +## Нет времени? + +TL;DR: + +Допустим, вы используете сторонюю библиотеку, которая требует вызова с ключевым словом `await`: + +```Python +results = await some_library() +``` + +В этом случае *функции обработки пути* необходимо объявлять с использованием синтаксиса `async def`: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +@app.get('/') +async def read_results(): + results = await some_library() + return results +``` + +!!! note + `await` можно использовать только внутри функций, объявленных с использованием `async def`. + +--- + +Если вы обращаетесь к сторонней библиотеке, которая с чем-то взаимодействует +(с базой данных, API, файловой системой и т. д.), и не имеет поддержки синтаксиса `await` +(что относится сейчас к большинству библиотек для работы с базами данных), то +объявляйте *функции обработки пути* обычным образом с помощью `def`, например: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +@app.get('/') +def results(): + results = some_library() + return results +``` + +--- + +Если вашему приложению (странным образом) не нужно ни с чем взаимодействовать и, соответственно, +ожидать ответа, используйте `async def`. + +--- + +Если вы не уверены, используйте обычный синтаксис `def`. + +--- + +**Примечание**: при необходимости можно смешивать `def` и `async def` в *функциях обработки пути* +и использовать в каждом случае наиболее подходящий синтаксис. А FastAPI сделает с этим всё, что нужно. + +В любом из описанных случаев FastAPI работает асинхронно и очень быстро. + +Однако придерживаясь указанных советов, можно получить дополнительную оптимизацию производительности. + +## Технические подробности + +Современные версии Python поддерживают разработку так называемого **"асинхронного кода"** посредством написания **"сопрограмм"** с использованием синтаксиса **`async` и `await`**. + +Ниже разберём эту фразу по частям: + +* **Асинхронный код** +* **`async` и `await`** +* **Сопрограммы** + +## Асинхронный код + +Асинхронный код означает, что в языке 💬 есть возможность сообщить машине / программе 🤖, +что в определённой точке кода ей 🤖 нужно будет ожидать завершения выполнения *чего-то ещё* в другом месте. Допустим это *что-то ещё* называется "медленный файл" 📝. + +И пока мы ждём завершения работы с "медленным файлом" 📝, компьютер может переключиться для выполнения других задач. + +Но при каждой возможности компьютер / программа 🤖 будет возвращаться обратно. Например, если он 🤖 опять окажется в режиме ожидания, или когда закончит всю работу. В этом случае компьютер 🤖 проверяет, не завершена ли какая-нибудь из текущих задач. + +Потом он 🤖 берёт первую выполненную задачу (допустим, наш "медленный файл" 📝) и продолжает работу, производя с ней необходимые действия. + +Вышеупомянутое "что-то ещё", завершения которого приходится ожидать, обычно относится к достаточно "медленным" операциям I/O (по сравнению со скоростью работы процессора и оперативной памяти), например: + +* отправка данных от клиента по сети +* получение клиентом данных, отправленных вашей программой по сети +* чтение системой содержимого файла с диска и передача этих данных программе +* запись на диск данных, которые программа передала системе +* обращение к удалённому API +* ожидание завершения операции с базой данных +* получение результатов запроса к базе данных +* и т. д. + +Поскольку в основном время тратится на ожидание выполнения операций I/O, +их обычно называют операциями, ограниченными скоростью ввода-вывода. + +Код называют "асинхронным", потому что компьютеру / программе не требуется "синхронизироваться" с медленной задачей и, +будучи в простое, ожидать момента её завершения, с тем чтобы забрать результат и продолжить работу. + +Вместо этого в "асинхронной" системе завершённая задача может немного подождать (буквально несколько микросекунд), +пока компьютер / программа занимается другими важными вещами, с тем чтобы потом вернуться, +забрать результаты выполнения и начать их обрабатывать. + +"Синхронное" исполнение (в противовес "асинхронному") также называют "последовательным", +потому что компьютер / программа последовательно выполняет все требуемые шаги перед тем, как перейти к следующей задаче, +даже если в процессе приходится ждать. + +### Конкурентность и бургеры + +Тот **асинхронный** код, о котором идёт речь выше, иногда называют **"конкурентностью"**. Она отличается от **"параллелизма"**. + +Да, **конкурентность** и **параллелизм** подразумевают, что разные вещи происходят примерно в одно время. + +Но внутреннее устройство **конкурентности** и **параллелизма** довольно разное. + +Чтобы это понять, представьте такую картину: + +### Конкурентные бургеры + + + +Вы идёте со своей возлюбленной 😍 в фастфуд 🍔 и становитесь в очередь, в это время кассир 💁 принимает заказы у посетителей перед вами. + +Когда наконец подходит очередь, вы заказываете парочку самых вкусных и навороченных бургеров 🍔, один для своей возлюбленной 😍, а другой себе. + +Отдаёте деньги 💸. + +Кассир 💁 что-то говорит поварам на кухне 👨‍🍳, теперь они знают, какие бургеры нужно будет приготовить 🍔 +(но пока они заняты бургерами предыдущих клиентов). + +Кассир 💁 отдаёт вам чек с номером заказа. + +В ожидании еды вы идёте со своей возлюбленной 😍 выбрать столик, садитесь и довольно продолжительное время общаетесь 😍 +(поскольку ваши бургеры самые навороченные, готовятся они не так быстро ✨🍔✨). + +Сидя за столиком с возлюбленной 😍 в ожидании бургеров 🍔, вы отлично проводите время, +восхищаясь её великолепием, красотой и умом ✨😍✨. + +Всё ещё ожидая заказ и болтая со своей возлюбленной 😍, время от времени вы проверяете, +какой номер горит над прилавком, и не подошла ли уже ваша очередь. + +И вот наконец настаёт этот момент, и вы идёте к стойке, чтобы забрать бургеры 🍔 и вернуться за столик. + +Вы со своей возлюбленной 😍 едите бургеры 🍔 и отлично проводите время ✨. + +--- + +А теперь представьте, что в этой небольшой истории вы компьютер / программа 🤖. + +В очереди вы просто глазеете по сторонам 😴, ждёте и ничего особо "продуктивного" не делаете. +Но очередь движется довольно быстро, поскольку кассир 💁 только принимает заказы (а не занимается приготовлением еды), так что ничего страшного. + +Когда подходит очередь вы наконец предпринимаете "продуктивные" действия 🤓: просматриваете меню, выбираете в нём что-то, узнаёте, что хочет ваша возлюбленная 😍, собираетесь оплатить 💸, смотрите, какую достали карту, проверяете, чтобы с вас списали верную сумму, и что в заказе всё верно и т. д. + +И хотя вы всё ещё не получили бургеры 🍔, ваша работа с кассиром 💁 ставится "на паузу" ⏸, +поскольку теперь нужно ждать 🕙, когда заказ приготовят. + +Но отойдя с номерком от прилавка, вы садитесь за столик и можете переключить 🔀 внимание +на свою возлюбленную 😍 и "работать" ⏯ 🤓 уже над этим. И вот вы снова очень +"продуктивны" 🤓, мило болтаете вдвоём и всё такое 😍. + +В какой-то момент кассир 💁 поместит на табло ваш номер, подразумевая, что бургеры готовы 🍔, но вы не станете подскакивать как умалишённый, лишь только увидев на экране свою очередь. Вы уверены, что ваши бургеры 🍔 никто не утащит, ведь у вас свой номерок, а у других свой. + +Поэтому вы подождёте, пока возлюбленная 😍 закончит рассказывать историю (закончите текущую работу ⏯ / задачу в обработке 🤓), +и мило улыбнувшись, скажете, что идёте забирать заказ ⏸. + +И вот вы подходите к стойке 🔀, к первоначальной задаче, которая уже завершена ⏯, берёте бургеры 🍔, говорите спасибо и относите заказ за столик. На этом заканчивается этап / задача взаимодействия с кассой ⏹. +В свою очередь порождается задача "поедание бургеров" 🔀 ⏯, но предыдущая ("получение бургеров") завершена ⏹. + +### Параллельные бургеры + +Теперь представим, что вместо бургерной "Конкурентные бургеры" вы решили сходить в "Параллельные бургеры". + +И вот вы идёте со своей возлюбленной 😍 отведать параллельного фастфуда 🍔. + +Вы становитесь в очередь пока несколько (пусть будет 8) кассиров, которые по совместительству ещё и повары 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳, принимают заказы у посетителей перед вами. + +При этом клиенты не отходят от стойки и ждут 🕙 получения еды, поскольку каждый +из 8 кассиров идёт на кухню готовить бургеры 🍔, а только потом принимает следующий заказ. + +Наконец настаёт ваша очередь, и вы просите два самых навороченных бургера 🍔, один для дамы сердца 😍, а другой себе. + +Ни о чём не жалея, расплачиваетесь 💸. + +И кассир уходит на кухню 👨‍🍳. + +Вам приходится ждать перед стойкой 🕙, чтобы никто по случайности не забрал ваши бургеры 🍔, ведь никаких номерков у вас нет. + +Поскольку вы с возлюбленной 😍 хотите получить заказ вовремя 🕙, и следите за тем, чтобы никто не вклинился в очередь, +у вас не получается уделять должного внимание своей даме сердца 😞. + +Это "синхронная" работа, вы "синхронизированы" с кассиром/поваром 👨‍🍳. Приходится ждать 🕙 у стойки, +когда кассир/повар 👨‍🍳 закончит делать бургеры 🍔 и вручит вам заказ, иначе его случайно может забрать кто-то другой. + +Наконец кассир/повар 👨‍🍳 возвращается с бургерами 🍔 после невыносимо долгого ожидания 🕙 за стойкой. + +Вы скорее забираете заказ 🍔 и идёте с возлюбленной 😍 за столик. + +Там вы просто едите эти бургеры, и на этом всё 🍔 ⏹. + +Вам не особо удалось пообщаться, потому что большую часть времени 🕙 пришлось провести у кассы 😞. + +--- + +В описанном сценарии вы компьютер / программа 🤖 с двумя исполнителями (вы и ваша возлюбленная 😍), +на протяжении долгого времени 🕙 вы оба уделяете всё внимание ⏯ задаче "ждать на кассе". + +В этом ресторане быстрого питания 8 исполнителей (кассиров/поваров) 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳. +Хотя в бургерной конкурентного типа было всего два (один кассир и один повар) 💁 👨‍🍳. + +Несмотря на обилие работников, опыт в итоге получился не из лучших 😞. + +--- + +Так бы выглядел аналог истории про бургерную 🍔 в "параллельном" мире. + +Вот более реалистичный пример. Представьте себе банк. + +До недавних пор в большинстве банков было несколько кассиров 👨‍💼👨‍💼👨‍💼👨‍💼 и длинные очереди 🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙. + +Каждый кассир обслуживал одного клиента, потом следующего 👨‍💼⏯. + +Нужно было долгое время 🕙 стоять перед окошком вместе со всеми, иначе пропустишь свою очередь. + +Сомневаюсь, что у вас бы возникло желание прийти с возлюбленной 😍 в банк 🏦 оплачивать налоги. + +### Выводы о бургерах + +В нашей истории про поход в фастфуд за бургерами приходится много ждать 🕙, +поэтому имеет смысл организовать конкурентную систему ⏸🔀⏯. + +И то же самое с большинством веб-приложений. + +Пользователей очень много, но ваш сервер всё равно вынужден ждать 🕙 запросы по их слабому интернет-соединению. + +Потом снова ждать 🕙, пока вернётся ответ. + + +Это ожидание 🕙 измеряется микросекундами, но если всё сложить, то набегает довольно много времени. + +Вот почему есть смысл использовать асинхронное ⏸🔀⏯ программирование при построении веб-API. + +Большинство популярных фреймворков (включая Flask и Django) создавались +до появления в Python новых возможностей асинхронного программирования. Поэтому +их можно разворачивать с поддержкой параллельного исполнения или асинхронного +программирования старого типа, которое не настолько эффективно. + +При том, что основная спецификация асинхронного взаимодействия Python с веб-сервером +(ASGI) +была разработана командой Django для внедрения поддержки веб-сокетов. + +Именно асинхронность сделала NodeJS таким популярным (несмотря на то, что он не параллельный), +и в этом преимущество Go как языка программирования. + +И тот же уровень производительности даёт **FastAPI**. + +Поскольку можно использовать преимущества параллелизма и асинхронности вместе, +вы получаете производительность лучше, чем у большинства протестированных NodeJS фреймворков +и на уровне с Go, который является компилируемым языком близким к C (всё благодаря Starlette). + +### Получается, конкурентность лучше параллелизма? + +Нет! Мораль истории совсем не в этом. + +Конкурентность отличается от параллелизма. Она лучше в **конкретных** случаях, где много времени приходится на ожидание. +Вот почему она зачастую лучше параллелизма при разработке веб-приложений. Но это не значит, что конкурентность лучше в любых сценариях. + +Давайте посмотрим с другой стороны, представьте такую картину: + +> Вам нужно убраться в большом грязном доме. + +*Да, это вся история*. + +--- + +Тут не нужно нигде ждать 🕙, просто есть куча работы в разных частях дома. + +Можно организовать очередь как в примере с бургерами, сначала гостиная, потом кухня, +но это ни на что не повлияет, поскольку вы нигде не ждёте 🕙, а просто трёте да моете. + +И понадобится одинаковое количество времени с очередью (конкурентностью) и без неё, +и работы будет сделано тоже одинаковое количество. + +Однако в случае, если бы вы могли привести 8 бывших кассиров/поваров, а ныне уборщиков 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳, +и каждый из них (вместе с вами) взялся бы за свой участок дома, +с такой помощью вы бы закончили намного быстрее, делая всю работу **параллельно**. + +В описанном сценарии каждый уборщик (включая вас) был бы исполнителем, занятым на своём участке работы. + +И поскольку большую часть времени выполнения занимает реальная работа (а не ожидание), +а работу в компьютере делает ЦП, +такие задачи называют ограниченными производительностью процессора. + +--- + +Ограничение по процессору проявляется в операциях, где требуется выполнять сложные математические вычисления. + +Например: + +* Обработка **звука** или **изображений**. +* **Компьютерное зрение**: изображение состоит из миллионов пикселей, в каждом пикселе 3 составляющих цвета, +обработка обычно требует проведения расчётов по всем пикселям сразу. +* **Машинное обучение**: здесь обычно требуется умножение "матриц" и "векторов". +Представьте гигантскую таблицу с числами в Экселе, и все их надо одновременно перемножить. +* **Глубокое обучение**: это область *машинного обучения*, поэтому сюда подходит то же описание. +Просто у вас будет не одна таблица в Экселе, а множество. В ряде случаев используется +специальный процессор для создания и / или использования построенных таким образом моделей. + +### Конкурентность + параллелизм: Веб + машинное обучение + +**FastAPI** предоставляет возможности конкуретного программирования, +которое очень распространено в веб-разработке (именно этим славится NodeJS). + +Кроме того вы сможете использовать все преимущества параллелизма и +многопроцессорности (когда несколько процессов работают параллельно), +если рабочая нагрузка предполагает **ограничение по процессору**, +как, например, в системах машинного обучения. + +Необходимо также отметить, что Python является главным языком в области +**дата-сайенс**, +машинного обучения и, особенно, глубокого обучения. Всё это делает FastAPI +отличным вариантом (среди многих других) для разработки веб-API и приложений +в области дата-сайенс / машинного обучения. + +Как добиться такого параллелизма в эксплуатации описано в разделе [Развёртывание](deployment/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## `async` и `await` + +В современных версиях Python разработка асинхронного кода реализована очень интуитивно. +Он выглядит как обычный "последовательный" код и самостоятельно выполняет "ожидание", когда это необходимо. + +Если некая операция требует ожидания перед тем, как вернуть результат, и +поддерживает современные возможности Python, код можно написать следующим образом: + +```Python +burgers = await get_burgers(2) +``` + +Главное здесь слово `await`. Оно сообщает интерпретатору, что необходимо дождаться ⏸ +пока `get_burgers(2)` закончит свои дела 🕙, и только после этого сохранить результат в `burgers`. +Зная это, Python может пока переключиться на выполнение других задач 🔀 ⏯ +(например получение следующего запроса). + +Чтобы ключевое слово `await` сработало, оно должно находиться внутри функции, +которая поддерживает асинхронность. Для этого вам просто нужно объявить её как `async def`: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +async def get_burgers(number: int): + # Готовим бургеры по специальному асинхронному рецепту + return burgers +``` + +...вместо `def`: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +# Это не асинхронный код +def get_sequential_burgers(number: int): + # Готовим бургеры последовательно по шагам + return burgers +``` + +Объявление `async def` указывает интерпретатору, что внутри этой функции +следует ожидать выражений `await`, и что можно поставить выполнение такой функции на "паузу" ⏸ и +переключиться на другие задачи 🔀, с тем чтобы вернуться сюда позже. + +Если вы хотите вызвать функцию с `async def`, вам нужно "ожидать" её. +Поэтому такое не сработает: + +```Python +# Это не заработает, поскольку get_burgers объявлена с использованием async def +burgers = get_burgers(2) +``` + +--- + +Если сторонняя библиотека требует вызывать её с ключевым словом `await`, +необходимо писать *функции обработки пути* с использованием `async def`, например: + +```Python hl_lines="2-3" +@app.get('/burgers') +async def read_burgers(): + burgers = await get_burgers(2) + return burgers +``` + +### Технические подробности + +Как вы могли заметить, `await` может применяться только в функциях, объявленных с использованием `async def`. + + +Но выполнение такой функции необходимо "ожидать" с помощью `await`. +Это означает, что её можно вызвать только из другой функции, которая тоже объявлена с `async def`. + +Но как же тогда появилась первая курица? В смысле... как нам вызвать первую асинхронную функцию? + +При работе с **FastAPI** просто не думайте об этом, потому что "первой" функцией является ваша *функция обработки пути*, +и дальше с этим разберётся FastAPI. + +Кроме того, если хотите, вы можете использовать синтаксис `async` / `await` и без FastAPI. + +### Пишите свой асинхронный код + +Starlette (и **FastAPI**) основаны на AnyIO, что делает их совместимыми как со стандартной библиотекой asyncio в Python, так и с Trio. + +В частности, вы можете напрямую использовать AnyIO в тех проектах, где требуется более сложная логика работы с конкурентностью. + +Даже если вы не используете FastAPI, вы можете писать асинхронные приложения с помощью AnyIO, чтобы они были максимально совместимыми и получали его преимущества (например *структурную конкурентность*). + +### Другие виды асинхронного программирования + +Стиль написания кода с `async` и `await` появился в языке Python относительно недавно. + +Но он сильно облегчает работу с асинхронным кодом. + +Ровно такой же синтаксис (ну или почти такой же) недавно был включён в современные версии JavaScript (в браузере и NodeJS). + +До этого поддержка асинхронного кода была реализована намного сложнее, и его было труднее воспринимать. + +В предыдущих версиях Python для этого использовались потоки или Gevent. Но такой код намного сложнее понимать, отлаживать и мысленно представлять. + +Что касается JavaScript (в браузере и NodeJS), раньше там использовали для этой цели +"обратные вызовы". Что выливалось в +ад обратных вызовов. + +## Сопрограммы + +**Корути́на** (или же сопрограмма) — это крутое словечко для именования той сущности, +которую возвращает функция `async def`. Python знает, что её можно запустить, как и обычную функцию, +но кроме того сопрограмму можно поставить на паузу ⏸ в том месте, где встретится слово `await`. + +Всю функциональность асинхронного программирования с использованием `async` и `await` +часто обобщают словом "корутины". Они аналогичны "горутинам", ключевой особенности +языка Go. + +## Заключение + +В самом начале была такая фраза: + +> Современные версии Python поддерживают разработку так называемого +**"асинхронного кода"** посредством написания **"сопрограмм"** с использованием +синтаксиса **`async` и `await`**. + +Теперь всё должно звучать понятнее. ✨ + +На этом основана работа FastAPI (посредством Starlette), и именно это +обеспечивает его высокую производительность. + +## Очень технические подробности + +!!! warning + Этот раздел читать не обязательно. + + Здесь приводятся подробности внутреннего устройства **FastAPI**. + + Но если вы обладаете техническими знаниями (корутины, потоки, блокировка и т. д.) + и вам интересно, как FastAPI обрабатывает `async def` в отличие от обычных `def`, + читайте дальше. + +### Функции обработки пути + +Когда вы объявляете *функцию обработки пути* обычным образом с ключевым словом `def` +вместо `async def`, FastAPI ожидает её выполнения, запустив функцию во внешнем +пуле потоков, а не напрямую (это бы заблокировало сервер). + +Если ранее вы использовали другой асинхронный фреймворк, который работает иначе, +и привыкли объявлять простые вычислительные *функции* через `def` ради +незначительного прироста скорости (порядка 100 наносекунд), обратите внимание, +что с **FastAPI** вы получите противоположный эффект. В таком случае больше подходит +`async def`, если только *функция обработки пути* не использует код, приводящий +к блокировке I/O. + + + +Но в любом случае велика вероятность, что **FastAPI** [окажется быстрее](/#performance){.internal-link target=_blank} +другого фреймворка (или хотя бы на уровне с ним). + +### Зависимости + +То же относится к зависимостям. Если это обычная функция `def`, а не `async def`, +она запускается во внешнем пуле потоков. + +### Подзависимости + +Вы можете объявить множество ссылающихся друг на друга зависимостей и подзависимостей +(в виде параметров при определении функции). Какие-то будут созданы с помощью `async def`, +другие обычным образом через `def`, и такая схема вполне работоспособна. Функции, +объявленные с помощью `def` будут запускаться на внешнем потоке (из пула), +а не с помощью `await`. + +### Другие служебные функции + +Любые другие служебные функции, которые вы вызываете напрямую, можно объявлять +с использованием `def` или `async def`. FastAPI не будет влиять на то, как вы +их запускаете. + +Этим они отличаются от функций, которые FastAPI вызывает самостоятельно: +*функции обработки пути* и зависимости. + +Если служебная функция объявлена с помощью `def`, она будет вызвана напрямую +(как вы и написали в коде), а не в отдельном потоке. Если же она объявлена с +помощью `async def`, её вызов должен осуществляться с ожиданием через `await`. + +--- + + +Ещё раз повторим, что все эти технические подробности полезны, только если вы специально их искали. + +В противном случае просто ознакомьтесь с основными принципами в разделе выше: Нет времени?. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/benchmarks.md b/docs/ru/docs/benchmarks.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..259dca8e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/benchmarks.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# Замеры производительности + +Независимые тесты производительности приложений от TechEmpower показывают, что **FastAPI** под управлением Uvicorn один из самых быстрых Python-фреймворков и уступает только Starlette и Uvicorn (которые используются в FastAPI). (*) + +Но при просмотре и сравнении замеров производительности следует иметь в виду нижеописанное. + +## Замеры производительности и скорости + +В подобных тестах часто можно увидеть, что инструменты разного типа сравнивают друг с другом, как аналогичные. + +В частности, сравнивают вместе Uvicorn, Starlette и FastAPI (среди многих других инструментов). + +Чем проще проблема, которую решает инструмент, тем выше его производительность. И большинство тестов не проверяют дополнительные функции, предоставляемые инструментом. + +Иерархия инструментов имеет следующий вид: + +* **Uvicorn**: ASGI-сервер + * **Starlette** (использует Uvicorn): веб-микрофреймворк + * **FastAPI** (использует Starlette): API-микрофреймворк с дополнительными функциями для создания API, с валидацией данных и т.д. + +* **Uvicorn**: + * Будет иметь наилучшую производительность, так как не имеет большого количества дополнительного кода, кроме самого сервера. + * Вы не будете писать приложение на Uvicorn напрямую. Это означало бы, что Ваш код должен включать как минимум весь + код, предоставляемый Starlette (или **FastAPI**). И если Вы так сделаете, то в конечном итоге Ваше приложение будет иметь те же накладные расходы, что и при использовании фреймворка, минимизирующего код Вашего приложения и Ваши ошибки. + * Uvicorn подлежит сравнению с Daphne, Hypercorn, uWSGI и другими веб-серверами. + +* **Starlette**: + * Будет уступать Uvicorn по производительности. Фактически Starlette управляется Uvicorn и из-за выполнения большего количества кода он не может быть быстрее, чем Uvicorn. + * Зато он предоставляет Вам инструменты для создания простых веб-приложений с обработкой маршрутов URL и т.д. + * Starlette следует сравнивать с Sanic, Flask, Django и другими веб-фреймворками (или микрофреймворками). + +* **FastAPI**: + * Так же как Starlette использует Uvicorn и не может быть быстрее него, **FastAPI** использует Starlette, то есть он не может быть быстрее Starlette. + * FastAPI предоставляет больше возможностей поверх Starlette, которые наверняка Вам понадобятся при создании API, такие как проверка данных и сериализация. В довесок Вы ещё и получаете автоматическую документацию (автоматическая документация даже не увеличивает накладные расходы при работе приложения, так как она создается при запуске). + * Если Вы не используете FastAPI, а используете Starlette напрямую (или другой инструмент вроде Sanic, Flask, Responder и т.д.), Вам пришлось бы самостоятельно реализовать валидацию и сериализацию данных. То есть, в итоге, Ваше приложение имело бы такие же накладные расходы, как если бы оно было создано с использованием FastAPI. И во многих случаях валидация и сериализация данных представляют собой самый большой объём кода, написанного в приложениях. + * Таким образом, используя FastAPI Вы потратите меньше времени на разработку, уменьшите количество ошибок, строк кода и, вероятно, получите ту же производительность (или лучше), как и если бы не использовали его (поскольку Вам пришлось бы реализовать все его возможности в своем коде). + * FastAPI должно сравнивать с фреймворками веб-приложений (или наборами инструментов), которые обеспечивают валидацию и сериализацию данных, а также предоставляют автоматическую документацию, такими как Flask-apispec, NestJS, Molten и им подобные. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/contributing.md b/docs/ru/docs/contributing.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f9b8912e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/contributing.md @@ -0,0 +1,469 @@ +# Участие в разработке фреймворка + +Возможно, для начала Вам стоит ознакомиться с основными способами [помочь FastAPI или получить помощь](help-fastapi.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## Разработка + +Если Вы уже склонировали репозиторий и знаете, что Вам нужно более глубокое погружение в код фреймворка, то здесь представлены некоторые инструкции по настройке виртуального окружения. + +### Виртуальное окружение с помощью `venv` + +Находясь в нужной директории, Вы можете создать виртуальное окружение при помощи Python модуля `venv`. + +
+ +```console +$ python -m venv env +``` + +
+ +Эта команда создаст директорию `./env/` с бинарными (двоичными) файлами Python, а затем Вы сможете скачивать и устанавливать необходимые библиотеки в изолированное виртуальное окружение. + +### Активация виртуального окружения + +Активируйте виртуально окружение командой: + +=== "Linux, macOS" + +
+ + ```console + $ source ./env/bin/activate + ``` + +
+ +=== "Windows PowerShell" + +
+ + ```console + $ .\env\Scripts\Activate.ps1 + ``` + +
+ +=== "Windows Bash" + + Если Вы пользуетесь Bash для Windows (например: Git Bash): + +
+ + ```console + $ source ./env/Scripts/activate + ``` + +
+ +Проверьте, что всё сработало: + +=== "Linux, macOS, Windows Bash" + +
+ + ```console + $ which pip + + some/directory/fastapi/env/bin/pip + ``` + +
+ +=== "Windows PowerShell" + +
+ + ```console + $ Get-Command pip + + some/directory/fastapi/env/bin/pip + ``` + +
+ +Если в терминале появится ответ, что бинарник `pip` расположен по пути `.../env/bin/pip`, значит всё в порядке. 🎉 + +Во избежание ошибок в дальнейших шагах, удостоверьтесь, что в Вашем виртуальном окружении установлена последняя версия `pip`: + +
+ +```console +$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Каждый раз, перед установкой новой библиотеки в виртуальное окружение при помощи `pip`, не забудьте активировать это виртуальное окружение. + + Это гарантирует, что если Вы используете библиотеку, установленную этим пакетом, то Вы используете библиотеку из Вашего локального окружения, а не любую другую, которая может быть установлена глобально. + +### pip + +После активации виртуального окружения, как было указано ранее, введите следующую команду: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install -r requirements.txt + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +Это установит все необходимые зависимости в локальное окружение для Вашего локального FastAPI. + +#### Использование локального FastAPI + +Если Вы создаёте Python файл, который импортирует и использует FastAPI,а затем запускаете его интерпретатором Python из Вашего локального окружения, то он будет использовать код из локального FastAPI. + +И, так как при вводе вышеупомянутой команды был указан флаг `-e`, если Вы измените код локального FastAPI, то при следующем запуске этого файла, он будет использовать свежую версию локального FastAPI, который Вы только что изменили. + +Таким образом, Вам не нужно "переустанавливать" Вашу локальную версию, чтобы протестировать каждое изменение. + +### Форматировние + +Скачанный репозиторий содержит скрипт, который может отформатировать и подчистить Ваш код: + +
+ +```console +$ bash scripts/format.sh +``` + +
+ +Заодно он упорядочит Ваши импорты. + +Чтобы он сортировал их правильно, необходимо, чтобы FastAPI был установлен локально в Вашей среде, с помощью команды из раздела выше, использующей флаг `-e`. + +## Документация + +Прежде всего, убедитесь, что Вы настроили своё окружение, как описано выше, для установки всех зависимостей. + +Документация использует MkDocs. + +Также существуют дополнительные инструменты/скрипты для работы с переводами в `./scripts/docs.py`. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + + Нет необходимости заглядывать в `./scripts/docs.py`, просто используйте это в командной строке. + +Вся документация имеет формат Markdown и расположена в директории `./docs/en/`. + +Многие руководства содержат блоки кода. + +В большинстве случаев эти блоки кода представляют собой вполне законченные приложения, которые можно запускать как есть. + +На самом деле, эти блоки кода не написаны внутри Markdown, это Python файлы в директории `./docs_src/`. + +И эти Python файлы включаются/вводятся в документацию при создании сайта. + +### Тестирование документации + + +Фактически, большинство тестов запускаются с примерами исходных файлов в документации. + +Это помогает убедиться, что: + +* Документация находится в актуальном состоянии. +* Примеры из документации могут быть запущены как есть. +* Большинство функций описаны в документации и покрыты тестами. + +Существует скрипт, который во время локальной разработки создаёт сайт и проверяет наличие любых изменений, перезагружая его в реальном времени: + +
+ +```console +$ python ./scripts/docs.py live + +[INFO] Serving on http://127.0.0.1:8008 +[INFO] Start watching changes +[INFO] Start detecting changes +``` + +
+ +Он запустит сайт документации по адресу: `http://127.0.0.1:8008`. + + +Таким образом, Вы сможете редактировать файлы с документацией или кодом и наблюдать изменения вживую. + +#### Typer CLI (опционально) + + +Приведенная ранее инструкция показала Вам, как запускать скрипт `./scripts/docs.py` непосредственно через интерпретатор `python` . + +Но также можно использовать Typer CLI, что позволит Вам воспользоваться автозаполнением команд в Вашем терминале. + +Если Вы установили Typer CLI, то для включения функции автозаполнения, введите эту команду: + +
+ +```console +$ typer --install-completion + +zsh completion installed in /home/user/.bashrc. +Completion will take effect once you restart the terminal. +``` + +
+ +### Приложения и документация одновременно + +Если Вы запускаете приложение, например так: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn tutorial001:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +По умолчанию Uvicorn будет использовать порт `8000` и не будет конфликтовать с сайтом документации, использующим порт `8008`. + +### Переводы на другие языки + +Помощь с переводами ценится КРАЙНЕ ВЫСОКО! И переводы не могут быть сделаны без помощи сообщества. 🌎 🚀 + +Ниже приведены шаги, как помочь с переводами. + +#### Подсказки и инструкции + +* Проверьте существующие пул-реквесты для Вашего языка. Добавьте отзывы с просьбой внести изменения, если они необходимы, или одобрите их. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Вы можете добавлять комментарии с предложениями по изменению в существующие пул-реквесты. + + Ознакомьтесь с документацией о добавлении отзыва к пул-реквесту, чтобы утвердить его или запросить изменения. + +* Проверьте проблемы и вопросы, чтобы узнать, есть ли кто-то, координирующий переводы для Вашего языка. + +* Добавляйте один пул-реквест для каждой отдельной переведённой страницы. Это значительно облегчит другим его просмотр. + +Для языков, которые я не знаю, прежде чем добавить перевод в основную ветку, я подожду пока несколько других участников сообщества проверят его. + +* Вы также можете проверить, есть ли переводы для Вашего языка и добавить к ним отзыв, который поможет мне убедиться в правильности перевода. Тогда я смогу объединить его с основной веткой. + +* Используйте те же самые примеры кода Python. Переводите только текст документации. Вам не нужно ничего менять, чтобы эти примеры работали. + +* Используйте те же самые изображения, имена файлов и ссылки. Вы не должны менять ничего для сохранения работоспособности. + +* Чтобы узнать 2-буквенный код языка, на который Вы хотите сделать перевод, Вы можете воспользоваться таблицей Список кодов языков ISO 639-1. + +#### Существующий язык + +Допустим, Вы хотите перевести страницу на язык, на котором уже есть какие-то переводы, например, на испанский. + +Кодом испанского языка является `es`. А значит директория для переводов на испанский язык: `docs/es/`. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Главный ("официальный") язык - английский, директория для него `docs/en/`. + +Вы можете запустить сервер документации на испанском: + +
+ +```console +// Используйте команду "live" и передайте код языка в качестве аргумента командной строки +$ python ./scripts/docs.py live es + +[INFO] Serving on http://127.0.0.1:8008 +[INFO] Start watching changes +[INFO] Start detecting changes +``` + +
+ +Теперь Вы можете перейти по адресу: http://127.0.0.1:8008 и наблюдать вносимые Вами изменения вживую. + + +Если Вы посмотрите на сайт документации FastAPI, то увидите, что все страницы есть на каждом языке. Но некоторые страницы не переведены и имеют уведомление об отсутствующем переводе. + +Но когда Вы запускаете сайт локально, Вы видите только те страницы, которые уже переведены. + + +Предположим, что Вы хотите добавить перевод страницы [Основные свойства](features.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +* Скопируйте файл: + +``` +docs/en/docs/features.md +``` + +* Вставьте его точно в то же место, но в директорию языка, на который Вы хотите сделать перевод, например: + +``` +docs/es/docs/features.md +``` + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Заметьте, что в пути файла мы изменили только код языка с `en` на `es`. + +* Теперь откройте файл конфигурации MkDocs для английского языка, расположенный тут: + +``` +docs/en/mkdocs.yml +``` + +* Найдите в файле конфигурации место, где расположена строка `docs/features.md`. Похожее на это: + +```YAML hl_lines="8" +site_name: FastAPI +# More stuff +nav: +- FastAPI: index.md +- Languages: + - en: / + - es: /es/ +- features.md +``` + +* Откройте файл конфигурации MkDocs для языка, на который Вы переводите, например: + +``` +docs/es/mkdocs.yml +``` + +* Добавьте строку `docs/features.md` точно в то же место, как и в случае для английского, как-то так: + +```YAML hl_lines="8" +site_name: FastAPI +# More stuff +nav: +- FastAPI: index.md +- Languages: + - en: / + - es: /es/ +- features.md +``` + +Убедитесь, что при наличии других записей, новая запись с Вашим переводом находится точно в том же порядке, что и в английской версии. + +Если Вы зайдёте в свой браузер, то увидите, что в документации стал отображаться Ваш новый раздел.🎉 + +Теперь Вы можете переводить эту страницу и смотреть, как она выглядит при сохранении файла. + +#### Новый язык + +Допустим, Вы хотите добавить перевод для языка, на который пока что не переведена ни одна страница. + +Скажем, Вы решили сделать перевод для креольского языка, но его еще нет в документации. + +Перейдите в таблицу кодов языков по ссылке указанной выше, где найдёте, что кодом креольского языка является `ht`. + +Затем запустите скрипт, генерирующий директорию для переводов на новые языки: + +
+ +```console +// Используйте команду new-lang и передайте код языка в качестве аргумента командной строки +$ python ./scripts/docs.py new-lang ht + +Successfully initialized: docs/ht +Updating ht +Updating en +``` + +
+ +После чего Вы можете проверить в своем редакторе кода, что появился новый каталог `docs/ht/`. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Создайте первый пул-реквест, который будет содержать только пустую директорию для нового языка, прежде чем добавлять переводы. + + Таким образом, другие участники могут переводить другие страницы, пока Вы работаете над одной. 🚀 + +Начните перевод с главной страницы `docs/ht/index.md`. + +В дальнейшем можно действовать, как указано в предыдущих инструкциях для "существующего языка". + +##### Новый язык не поддерживается + +Если при запуске скрипта `./scripts/docs.py live` Вы получаете сообщение об ошибке, что язык не поддерживается, что-то вроде: + +``` + raise TemplateNotFound(template) +jinja2.exceptions.TemplateNotFound: partials/language/xx.html +``` + +Сие означает, что тема не поддерживает этот язык (в данном случае с поддельным 2-буквенным кодом `xx`). + +Но не стоит переживать. Вы можете установить языком темы английский, а затем перевести текст документации. + +Если возникла такая необходимость, отредактируйте `mkdocs.yml` для Вашего нового языка. Это будет выглядеть как-то так: + +```YAML hl_lines="5" +site_name: FastAPI +# More stuff +theme: + # More stuff + language: xx +``` + +Измените `xx` (код Вашего языка) на `en` и перезапустите сервер. + +#### Предпросмотр результата + +Когда Вы запускаете скрипт `./scripts/docs.py` с командой `live`, то будут показаны файлы и переводы для указанного языка. + +Но когда Вы закончите, то можете посмотреть, как это будет выглядеть по-настоящему. + +Для этого сначала создайте всю документацию: + +
+ +```console +// Используйте команду "build-all", это займёт немного времени +$ python ./scripts/docs.py build-all + +Updating es +Updating en +Building docs for: en +Building docs for: es +Successfully built docs for: es +Copying en index.md to README.md +``` + +
+ +Скрипт сгенерирует `./docs_build/` для каждого языка. Он добавит все файлы с отсутствующими переводами с пометкой о том, что "у этого файла еще нет перевода". Но Вам не нужно ничего делать с этим каталогом. + +Затем он создаст независимые сайты MkDocs для каждого языка, объединит их и сгенерирует конечный результат на `./site/`. + +После чего Вы сможете запустить сервер со всеми языками командой `serve`: + +
+ +```console +// Используйте команду "serve" после того, как отработает команда "build-all" +$ python ./scripts/docs.py serve + +Warning: this is a very simple server. For development, use mkdocs serve instead. +This is here only to preview a site with translations already built. +Make sure you run the build-all command first. +Serving at: http://127.0.0.1:8008 +``` + +
+ +## Тесты + +Также в репозитории есть скрипт, который Вы можете запустить локально, чтобы протестировать весь код и сгенерировать отчеты о покрытии тестами в HTML: + +
+ +```console +$ bash scripts/test-cov-html.sh +``` + +
+ +Эта команда создаст директорию `./htmlcov/`, в которой будет файл `./htmlcov/index.html`. Открыв его в Вашем браузере, Вы можете в интерактивном режиме изучить, все ли части кода охвачены тестами. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/deployment/concepts.md b/docs/ru/docs/deployment/concepts.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..681acf15e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/deployment/concepts.md @@ -0,0 +1,311 @@ +# Концепции развёртывания + +Существует несколько концепций, применяемых для развёртывания приложений **FastAPI**, равно как и для любых других типов веб-приложений, среди которых Вы можете выбрать **наиболее подходящий** способ. + +Самые важные из них: + +* Использование более безопасного протокола HTTPS +* Настройки запуска приложения +* Перезагрузка приложения +* Запуск нескольких экземпляров приложения +* Управление памятью +* Использование перечисленных функций перед запуском приложения. + +Рассмотрим ниже влияние каждого из них на процесс **развёртывания**. + +Наша конечная цель - **обслуживать клиентов Вашего API безопасно** и **бесперебойно**, с максимально эффективным использованием **вычислительных ресурсов** (например, удалённых серверов/виртуальных машин). 🚀 + +Здесь я немного расскажу Вам об этих **концепциях** и надеюсь, что у Вас сложится **интуитивное понимание**, какой способ выбрать при развертывании Вашего API в различных окружениях, возможно, даже **ещё не существующих**. + +Ознакомившись с этими концепциями, Вы сможете **оценить и выбрать** лучший способ развёртывании **Вашего API**. + +В последующих главах я предоставлю Вам **конкретные рецепты** развёртывания приложения FastAPI. + +А сейчас давайте остановимся на важных **идеях этих концепций**. Эти идеи можно также применить и к другим типам веб-приложений. 💡 + +## Использование более безопасного протокола HTTPS + +В [предыдущей главе об HTTPS](./https.md){.internal-link target=_blank} мы рассмотрели, как HTTPS обеспечивает шифрование для Вашего API. + +Также мы заметили, что обычно для работы с HTTPS Вашему приложению нужен **дополнительный** компонент - **прокси-сервер завершения работы TLS**. + +И если прокси-сервер не умеет сам **обновлять сертификаты HTTPS**, то нужен ещё один компонент для этого действия. + +### Примеры инструментов для работы с HTTPS + +Вот некоторые инструменты, которые Вы можете применять как прокси-серверы: + +* Traefik + * С автоматическим обновлением сертификатов ✨ +* Caddy + * С автоматическим обновлением сертификатов ✨ +* Nginx + * С дополнительным компонентом типа Certbot для обновления сертификатов +* HAProxy + * С дополнительным компонентом типа Certbot для обновления сертификатов +* Kubernetes с Ingress Controller похожим на Nginx + * С дополнительным компонентом типа cert-manager для обновления сертификатов +* Использование услуг облачного провайдера (читайте ниже 👇) + +В последнем варианте Вы можете воспользоваться услугами **облачного сервиса**, который сделает большую часть работы, включая настройку HTTPS. Это может наложить дополнительные ограничения или потребовать дополнительную плату и т.п. Зато Вам не понадобится самостоятельно заниматься настройками прокси-сервера. + +В дальнейшем я покажу Вам некоторые конкретные примеры их применения. + +--- + +Следующие концепции рассматривают применение программы, запускающей Ваш API (такой как Uvicorn). + +## Программа и процесс + +Мы часто будем встречать слова **процесс** и **программа**, потому следует уяснить отличия между ними. + +### Что такое программа + +Термином **программа** обычно описывают множество вещей: + +* **Код**, который Вы написали, в нашем случае **Python-файлы**. +* **Файл**, который может быть **исполнен** операционной системой, например `python`, `python.exe` или `uvicorn`. +* Конкретная программа, **запущенная** операционной системой и использующая центральный процессор и память. В таком случае это также называется **процесс**. + +### Что такое процесс + +Термин **процесс** имеет более узкое толкование, подразумевая что-то, запущенное операционной системой (как в последнем пункте из вышестоящего абзаца): + +* Конкретная программа, **запущенная** операционной системой. + * Это не имеет отношения к какому-либо файлу или коду, но нечто **определённое**, управляемое и **выполняемое** операционной системой. +* Любая программа, любой код, **могут делать что-то** только когда они **выполняются**. То есть, когда являются **работающим процессом**. +* Процесс может быть **прерван** (или "убит") Вами или Вашей операционной системой. В результате чего он перестанет исполняться и **не будет продолжать делать что-либо**. +* Каждое приложение, которое Вы запустили на своём компьютере, каждая программа, каждое "окно" запускает какой-то процесс. И обычно на включенном компьютере **одновременно** запущено множество процессов. +* И **одна программа** может запустить **несколько параллельных процессов**. + +Если Вы заглянете в "диспетчер задач" или "системный монитор" (или аналогичные инструменты) Вашей операционной системы, то увидите множество работающих процессов. + +Вполне вероятно, что Вы увидите несколько процессов с одним и тем же названием браузерной программы (Firefox, Chrome, Edge и т. Д.). Обычно браузеры запускают один процесс на вкладку и вдобавок некоторые дополнительные процессы. + + + +--- + +Теперь, когда нам известна разница между **процессом** и **программой**, давайте продолжим обсуждение развёртывания. + +## Настройки запуска приложения + +В большинстве случаев когда Вы создаёте веб-приложение, то желаете, чтоб оно **работало постоянно** и непрерывно, предоставляя клиентам доступ в любое время. Хотя иногда у Вас могут быть причины, чтоб оно запускалось только при определённых условиях. + +### Удалённый сервер + +Когда Вы настраиваете удалённый сервер (облачный сервер, виртуальную машину и т.п.), самое простое, что можно сделать, запустить Uvicorn (или его аналог) вручную, как Вы делаете при локальной разработке. + +Это рабочий способ и он полезен **во время разработки**. + +Но если Вы потеряете соединение с сервером, то не сможете отслеживать - работает ли всё ещё **запущенный Вами процесс**. + +И если сервер перезагрузится (например, после обновления или каких-то действий облачного провайдера), Вы скорее всего **этого не заметите**, чтобы снова запустить процесс вручную. Вследствие этого Ваш API останется мёртвым. 😱 + +### Автоматический запуск программ + +Вероятно Вы пожелаете, чтоб Ваша серверная программа (такая как Uvicorn) стартовала автоматически при включении сервера, без **человеческого вмешательства** и всегда могла управлять Вашим API (так как Uvicorn запускает приложение FastAPI). + +### Отдельная программа + +Для этого у обычно используют отдельную программу, которая следит за тем, чтобы Ваши приложения запускались при включении сервера. Такой подход гарантирует, что другие компоненты или приложения также будут запущены, например, база данных + +### Примеры инструментов, управляющих запуском программ + +Вот несколько примеров, которые могут справиться с такой задачей: + +* Docker +* Kubernetes +* Docker Compose +* Docker в режиме Swarm +* Systemd +* Supervisor +* Использование услуг облачного провайдера +* Прочие... + +Я покажу Вам некоторые примеры их использования в следующих главах. + +## Перезапуск + +Вы, вероятно, также пожелаете, чтоб Ваше приложение **перезапускалось**, если в нём произошёл сбой. + +### Мы ошибаемся + +Все люди совершают **ошибки**. Программное обеспечение почти *всегда* содержит **баги** спрятавшиеся в разных местах. 🐛 + +И мы, будучи разработчиками, продолжаем улучшать код, когда обнаруживаем в нём баги или добавляем новый функционал (возможно, добавляя при этом баги 😅). + +### Небольшие ошибки обрабатываются автоматически + +Когда Вы создаёте свои API на основе FastAPI и допускаете в коде ошибку, то FastAPI обычно остановит её распространение внутри одного запроса, при обработке которого она возникла. 🛡 + +Клиент получит ошибку **500 Internal Server Error** в ответ на свой запрос, но приложение не сломается и будет продолжать работать с последующими запросами. + +### Большие ошибки - Падение приложений + +Тем не менее, может случиться так, что ошибка вызовет **сбой всего приложения** или даже сбой в Uvicorn, а то и в самом Python. 💥 + +Но мы всё ещё хотим, чтобы приложение **продолжало работать** несмотря на эту единственную ошибку, обрабатывая, как минимум, запросы к *операциям пути* не имеющим ошибок. + +### Перезапуск после падения + +Для случаев, когда ошибки приводят к сбою в запущенном **процессе**, Вам понадобится добавить компонент, который **перезапустит** процесс хотя бы пару раз... + +!!! tip "Заметка" + ... Если приложение падает сразу же после запуска, вероятно бесполезно его бесконечно перезапускать. Но полагаю, Вы заметите такое поведение во время разработки или, по крайней мере, сразу после развёртывания. + + Так что давайте сосредоточимся на конкретных случаях, когда приложение может полностью выйти из строя, но всё ещё есть смысл его запустить заново. + +Возможно Вы захотите, чтоб был некий **внешний компонент**, ответственный за перезапуск Вашего приложения даже если уже не работает Uvicorn или Python. То есть ничего из того, что написано в Вашем коде внутри приложения, не может быть выполнено в принципе. + +### Примеры инструментов для автоматического перезапуска + +В большинстве случаев инструменты **запускающие программы при старте сервера** умеют **перезапускать** эти программы. + +В качестве примера можно взять те же: + +* Docker +* Kubernetes +* Docker Compose +* Docker в режиме Swarm +* Systemd +* Supervisor +* Использование услуг облачного провайдера +* Прочие... + +## Запуск нескольких экземпляров приложения (Репликация) - Процессы и память + +Приложение FastAPI, управляемое серверной программой (такой как Uvicorn), запускается как **один процесс** и может обслуживать множество клиентов одновременно. + +Но часто Вам может понадобиться несколько одновременно работающих одинаковых процессов. + +### Множество процессов - Воркеры (Workers) + +Если количество Ваших клиентов больше, чем может обслужить один процесс (допустим, что виртуальная машина не слишком мощная), но при этом Вам доступно **несколько ядер процессора**, то Вы можете запустить **несколько процессов** одного и того же приложения параллельно и распределить запросы между этими процессами. + +**Несколько запущенных процессов** одной и той же API-программы часто называют **воркерами**. + +### Процессы и порты́ + +Помните ли Вы, как на странице [Об HTTPS](./https.md){.internal-link target=_blank} мы обсуждали, что на сервере только один процесс может слушать одну комбинацию IP-адреса и порта? + +С тех пор ничего не изменилось. + +Соответственно, чтобы иметь возможность работать с **несколькими процессами** одновременно, должен быть **один процесс, прослушивающий порт** и затем каким-либо образом передающий данные каждому рабочему процессу. + +### У каждого процесса своя память + +Работающая программа загружает в память данные, необходимые для её работы, например, переменные содержащие модели машинного обучения или большие файлы. Каждая переменная **потребляет некоторое количество оперативной памяти (RAM)** сервера. + +Обычно процессы **не делятся памятью друг с другом**. Сие означает, что каждый работающий процесс имеет свои данные, переменные и свой кусок памяти. И если для выполнения Вашего кода процессу нужно много памяти, то **каждый такой же процесс** запущенный дополнительно, потребует такого же количества памяти. + +### Память сервера + +Допустим, что Ваш код загружает модель машинного обучения **размером 1 ГБ**. Когда Вы запустите своё API как один процесс, он займёт в оперативной памяти не менее 1 ГБ. А если Вы запустите **4 таких же процесса** (4 воркера), то каждый из них займёт 1 ГБ оперативной памяти. В результате Вашему API потребуется **4 ГБ оперативной памяти (RAM)**. + +И если Ваш удалённый сервер или виртуальная машина располагает только 3 ГБ памяти, то попытка загрузить в неё 4 ГБ данных вызовет проблемы. 🚨 + +### Множество процессов - Пример + +В этом примере **менеджер процессов** запустит и будет управлять двумя **воркерами**. + +Менеджер процессов будет слушать определённый **сокет** (IP:порт) и передавать данные работающим процессам. + +Каждый из этих процессов будет запускать Ваше приложение для обработки полученного **запроса** и возвращения вычисленного **ответа** и они будут использовать оперативную память. + + + +Безусловно, на этом же сервере будут работать и **другие процессы**, которые не относятся к Вашему приложению. + +Интересная деталь - обычно в течение времени процент **использования центрального процессора (CPU)** каждым процессом может очень сильно **изменяться**, но объём занимаемой **оперативной памяти (RAM)** остаётся относительно **стабильным**. + +Если у Вас есть API, который каждый раз выполняет сопоставимый объем вычислений, и у Вас много клиентов, то **загрузка процессора**, вероятно, *также будет стабильной* (вместо того, чтобы постоянно быстро увеличиваться и уменьшаться). + +### Примеры стратегий и инструментов для запуска нескольких экземпляров приложения + +Существует несколько подходов для достижения целей репликации и я расскажу Вам больше о конкретных стратегиях в следующих главах, например, когда речь пойдет о Docker и контейнерах. + +Основное ограничение при этом - только **один** компонент может работать с определённым **портом публичного IP**. И должен быть способ **передачи** данных между этим компонентом и копиями **процессов/воркеров**. + +Вот некоторые возможные комбинации и стратегии: + +* **Gunicorn** управляющий **воркерами Uvicorn** + * Gunicorn будет выступать как **менеджер процессов**, прослушивая **IP:port**. Необходимое количество запущенных экземпляров приложения будет осуществляться посредством запуска **множества работающих процессов Uvicorn**. +* **Uvicorn** управляющий **воркерами Uvicorn** + * Один процесс Uvicorn будет выступать как **менеджер процессов**, прослушивая **IP:port**. Он будет запускать **множество работающих процессов Uvicorn**. +* **Kubernetes** и аналогичные **контейнерные системы** + * Какой-то компонент в **Kubernetes** будет слушать **IP:port**. Необходимое количество запущенных экземпляров приложения будет осуществляться посредством запуска **нескольких контейнеров**, в каждом из которых работает **один процесс Uvicorn**. +* **Облачные сервисы**, которые позаботятся обо всём за Вас + * Возможно, что облачный сервис умеет **управлять запуском дополнительных экземпляров приложения**. Вероятно, он потребует, чтоб Вы указали - какой **процесс** или **образ** следует клонировать. Скорее всего, Вы укажете **один процесс Uvicorn** и облачный сервис будет запускать его копии при необходимости. + +!!! tip "Заметка" + Если Вы не знаете, что такое **контейнеры**, Docker или Kubernetes, не переживайте. + + Я поведаю Вам о контейнерах, образах, Docker, Kubernetes и т.п. в главе: [FastAPI внутри контейнеров - Docker](./docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## Шаги, предшествующие запуску + +Часто бывает, что Вам необходимо произвести какие-то подготовительные шаги **перед запуском** своего приложения. + +Например, запустить **миграции базы данных**. + +Но в большинстве случаев такие действия достаточно произвести **однократно**. + +Поэтому Вам нужен будет **один процесс**, выполняющий эти **подготовительные шаги** до запуска приложения. + +Также Вам нужно будет убедиться, что этот процесс выполнил подготовительные шаги *даже* если впоследствии Вы запустите **несколько процессов** (несколько воркеров) самого приложения. Если бы эти шаги выполнялись в каждом **клонированном процессе**, они бы **дублировали** работу, пытаясь выполнить её **параллельно**. И если бы эта работа была бы чем-то деликатным, вроде миграции базы данных, то это может вызвать конфликты между ними. + +Безусловно, возможны случаи, когда нет проблем при выполнении предварительной подготовки параллельно или несколько раз. Тогда Вам повезло, работать с ними намного проще. + +!!! tip "Заметка" + Имейте в виду, что в некоторых случаях запуск Вашего приложения **может не требовать каких-либо предварительных шагов вовсе**. + + Что ж, тогда Вам не нужно беспокоиться об этом. 🤷 + +### Примеры стратегий запуска предварительных шагов + +Существует **сильная зависимость** от того, как Вы **развёртываете свою систему**, запускаете программы, обрабатываете перезапуски и т.д. + +Вот некоторые возможные идеи: + +* При использовании Kubernetes нужно предусмотреть "инициализирующий контейнер", запускаемый до контейнера с приложением. +* Bash-скрипт, выполняющий предварительные шаги, а затем запускающий приложение. + * При этом Вам всё ещё нужно найти способ - как запускать/перезапускать *такой* bash-скрипт, обнаруживать ошибки и т.п. + +!!! tip "Заметка" + Я приведу Вам больше конкретных примеров работы с контейнерами в главе: [FastAPI внутри контейнеров - Docker](./docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## Утилизация ресурсов + +Ваш сервер располагает ресурсами, которые Ваши программы могут потреблять или **утилизировать**, а именно - время работы центрального процессора и объём оперативной памяти. + +Как много системных ресурсов Вы предполагаете потребить/утилизировать? Если не задумываться, то можно ответить - "немного", но на самом деле Вы, вероятно, пожелаете использовать **максимально возможное количество**. + +Если Вы платите за содержание трёх серверов, но используете лишь малую часть системных ресурсов каждого из них, то Вы **выбрасываете деньги на ветер**, а также **впустую тратите электроэнергию** и т.п. + +В таком случае было бы лучше обойтись двумя серверами, но более полно утилизировать их ресурсы (центральный процессор, оперативную память, жёсткий диск, сети передачи данных и т.д). + +С другой стороны, если Вы располагаете только двумя серверами и используете **на 100% их процессоры и память**, но какой-либо процесс запросит дополнительную память, то операционная система сервера будет использовать жёсткий диск для расширения оперативной памяти (а диск работает в тысячи раз медленнее), а то вовсе **упадёт**. Или если какому-то процессу понадобится произвести вычисления, то ему придётся подождать, пока процессор освободится. + +В такой ситуации лучше подключить **ещё один сервер** и перераспределить процессы между серверами, чтоб всем **хватало памяти и процессорного времени**. + +Также есть вероятность, что по какой-то причине возник **всплеск** запросов к Вашему API. Возможно, это был вирус, боты или другие сервисы начали пользоваться им. И для таких происшествий Вы можете захотеть иметь дополнительные ресурсы. + +При настройке логики развёртываний, Вы можете указать **целевое значение** утилизации ресурсов, допустим, **от 50% до 90%**. Обычно эти метрики и используют. + +Вы можете использовать простые инструменты, такие как `htop`, для отслеживания загрузки центрального процессора и оперативной памяти сервера, в том числе каждым процессом. Или более сложные системы мониторинга нескольких серверов. + +## Резюме + +Вы прочитали некоторые из основных концепций, которые необходимо иметь в виду при принятии решения о развертывании приложений: + +* Использование более безопасного протокола HTTPS +* Настройки запуска приложения +* Перезагрузка приложения +* Запуск нескольких экземпляров приложения +* Управление памятью +* Использование перечисленных функций перед запуском приложения. + +Осознание этих идей и того, как их применять, должно дать Вам интуитивное понимание, необходимое для принятия решений при настройке развертываний. 🤓 + +В следующих разделах я приведу более конкретные примеры возможных стратегий, которым Вы можете следовать. 🚀 diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/deployment/docker.md b/docs/ru/docs/deployment/docker.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f045ca944 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/deployment/docker.md @@ -0,0 +1,700 @@ +# FastAPI и Docker-контейнеры + +При развёртывании приложений FastAPI, часто начинают с создания **образа контейнера на основе Linux**. Обычно для этого используют **Docker**. Затем можно развернуть такой контейнер на сервере одним из нескольких способов. + +Использование контейнеров на основе Linux имеет ряд преимуществ, включая **безопасность**, **воспроизводимость**, **простоту** и прочие. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Торопитесь или уже знакомы с этой технологией? Перепрыгните на раздел [Создать Docker-образ для FastAPI 👇](#docker-fastapi) + +
+Развернуть Dockerfile 👀 + +```Dockerfile +FROM python:3.9 + +WORKDIR /code + +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +COPY ./app /code/app + +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] + +# Если используете прокси-сервер, такой как Nginx или Traefik, добавьте --proxy-headers +# CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80", "--proxy-headers"] +``` + +
+ +## Что такое "контейнер" + +Контейнеризация - это **легковесный** способ упаковать приложение, включая все его зависимости и необходимые файлы, чтобы изолировать его от других контейнеров (других приложений и компонентов) работающих на этой же системе. + +Контейнеры, основанные на Linux, запускаются используя ядро Linux хоста (машины, виртуальной машины, облачного сервера и т.п.). Это значит, что они очень легковесные (по сравнению с полноценными виртуальными машинами, полностью эмулирующими работу операционной системы). + +Благодаря этому, контейнеры потребляют **малое количество ресурсов**, сравнимое с процессом запущенным напрямую (виртуальная машина потребует гораздо больше ресурсов). + +Контейнеры также имеют собственные запущенные **изолированные** процессы (но часто только один процесс), файловую систему и сеть, что упрощает развёртывание, разработку, управление доступом и т.п. + +## Что такое "образ контейнера" + +Для запуска **контейнера** нужен **образ контейнера**. + +Образ контейнера - это **замороженная** версия всех файлов, переменных окружения, программ и команд по умолчанию, необходимых для работы приложения. **Замороженный** - означает, что **образ** не запущен и не выполняется, это всего лишь упакованные вместе файлы и метаданные. + +В отличие от **образа контейнера**, хранящего неизменное содержимое, под термином **контейнер** подразумевают запущенный образ, то есть объёкт, который **исполняется**. + +Когда **контейнер** запущен (на основании **образа**), он может создавать и изменять файлы, переменные окружения и т.д. Эти изменения будут существовать только внутри контейнера, но не будут сохраняться в образе контейнера (не будут сохранены на диск). + +Образ контейнера можно сравнить с файлом, содержащем **программу**, например, как файл `main.py`. + +И **контейнер** (в отличие от **образа**) - это на самом деле выполняемый экземпляр образа, примерно как **процесс**. По факту, контейнер запущен только когда запущены его процессы (чаще, всего один процесс) и остановлен, когда запущенных процессов нет. + +## Образы контейнеров + +Docker является одним оз основных инструментов для создания **образов** и **контейнеров** и управления ими. + +Существует общедоступный Docker Hub с подготовленными **официальными образами** многих инструментов, окружений, баз данных и приложений. + +К примеру, есть официальный образ Python. + +Также там представлены и другие полезные образы, такие как базы данных: + +* PostgreSQL +* MySQL +* MongoDB +* Redis + +и т.п. + +Использование подготовленных образов значительно упрощает **комбинирование** и использование разных инструментов. Например, Вы можете попытаться использовать новую базу данных. В большинстве случаев можно использовать **официальный образ** и всего лишь указать переменные окружения. + +Таким образом, Вы можете изучить, что такое контейнеризация и Docker, и использовать полученные знания с разными инструментами и компонентами. + +Так, Вы можете запустить одновременно **множество контейнеров** с базой данных, Python-приложением, веб-сервером, React-приложением и соединить их вместе через внутреннюю сеть. + +Все системы управления контейнерами (такие, как Docker или Kubernetes) имеют встроенные возможности для организации такого сетевого взаимодействия. + +## Контейнеры и процессы + +Обычно **образ контейнера** содержит метаданные предустановленной программы или команду, которую следует выполнить при запуске **контейнера**. Также он может содержать параметры, передаваемые предустановленной программе. Похоже на то, как если бы Вы запускали такую программу через терминал. + +Когда **контейнер** запущен, он будет выполнять прописанные в нём команды и программы. Но Вы можете изменить его так, чтоб он выполнял другие команды и программы. + +Контейнер буде работать до тех пор, пока выполняется его **главный процесс** (команда или программа). + +В контейнере обычно выполняется **только один процесс**, но от его имени можно запустить другие процессы, тогда в этом же в контейнере будет выполняться **множество процессов**. + +Контейнер не считается запущенным, если в нём **не выполняется хотя бы один процесс**. Если главный процесс остановлен, значит и контейнер остановлен. + +## Создать Docker-образ для FastAPI + +Что ж, давайте ужё создадим что-нибудь! 🚀 + +Я покажу Вам, как собирать **Docker-образ** для FastAPI **с нуля**, основываясь на **официальном образе Python**. + +Такой подход сгодится для **большинства случаев**, например: + +* Использование с **Kubernetes** или аналогичным инструментом +* Запуск в **Raspberry Pi** +* Использование в облачных сервисах, запускающих образы контейнеров для Вас и т.п. + +### Установить зависимости + +Обычно Вашему приложению необходимы **дополнительные библиотеки**, список которых находится в отдельном файле. + +На название и содержание такого файла влияет выбранный Вами инструмент **установки** этих библиотек (зависимостей). + +Чаще всего это простой файл `requirements.txt` с построчным перечислением библиотек и их версий. + +При этом Вы, для выбора версий, будете использовать те же идеи, что упомянуты на странице [О версиях FastAPI](./versions.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Ваш файл `requirements.txt` может выглядеть как-то так: + +``` +fastapi>=0.68.0,<0.69.0 +pydantic>=1.8.0,<2.0.0 +uvicorn>=0.15.0,<0.16.0 +``` + +Устанавливать зависимости проще всего с помощью `pip`: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install -r requirements.txt +---> 100% +Successfully installed fastapi pydantic uvicorn +``` + +
+ +!!! info "Информация" + Существуют и другие инструменты управления зависимостями. + + В этом же разделе, но позже, я покажу Вам пример использования Poetry. 👇 + +### Создать приложение **FastAPI** + +* Создайте директорию `app` и перейдите в неё. +* Создайте пустой файл `__init__.py`. +* Создайте файл `main.py` и заполните его: + +```Python +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +### Dockerfile + +В этой же директории создайте файл `Dockerfile` и заполните его: + +```{ .dockerfile .annotate } +# (1) +FROM python:3.9 + +# (2) +WORKDIR /code + +# (3) +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +# (4) +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +# (5) +COPY ./app /code/app + +# (6) +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +1. Начните с официального образа Python, который будет основой для образа приложения. + +2. Укажите, что в дальнейшем команды запускаемые в контейнере, будут выполняться в директории `/code`. + + Инструкция создаст эту директорию внутри контейнера и мы поместим в неё файл `requirements.txt` и директорию `app`. + +3. Скопируете файл с зависимостями из текущей директории в `/code`. + + Сначала копируйте **только** файл с зависимостями. + + Этот файл **изменяется довольно редко**, Docker ищет изменения при постройке образа и если не находит, то использует **кэш**, в котором хранятся предыдущии версии сборки образа. + +4. Установите библиотеки перечисленные в файле с зависимостями. + + Опция `--no-cache-dir` указывает `pip` не сохранять загружаемые библиотеки на локальной машине для использования их в случае повторной загрузки. В контейнере, в случае пересборки этого шага, они всё равно будут удалены. + + !!! note "Заметка" + Опция `--no-cache-dir` нужна только для `pip`, она никак не влияет на Docker или контейнеры. + + Опция `--upgrade` указывает `pip` обновить библиотеки, емли они уже установлены. + + Ка и в предыдущем шаге с копированием файла, этот шаг также будет использовать **кэш Docker** в случае отсутствия изменений. + + Использрвание кэша, особенно на этом шаге, позволит Вам **сэкономить** кучу времени при повторной сборке образа, так как зависимости будут сохранены в кеше, а не **загружаться и устанавливаться каждый раз**. + +5. Скопируйте директорию `./app` внутрь директории `/code` (в контейнере). + + Так как в этой директории расположен код, который **часто изменяется**, то использование **кэша** на этом шаге будет наименее эффективно, а значит лучше поместить этот шаг **ближе к концу** `Dockerfile`, дабы не терять выгоду от оптимизации предыдущих шагов. + +6. Укажите **команду**, запускающую сервер `uvicorn`. + + `CMD` принимает список строк, разделённых запятыми, но при выполнении объединит их через пробел, собрав из них одну команду, которую Вы могли бы написать в терминале. + + Эта команда будет выполнена в **текущей рабочей директории**, а именно в директории `/code`, котоая указана командой `WORKDIR /code`. + + Так как команда выполняется внутрии директории `/code`, в которую мы поместили папку `./app` с приложением, то **Uvicorn** сможет найти и **импортировать** объект `app` из файла `app.main`. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Если ткнёте на кружок с плюсом, то увидите пояснения. 👆 + +На данном этапе структура проекта должны выглядеть так: + +``` +. +├── app +│   ├── __init__.py +│ └── main.py +├── Dockerfile +└── requirements.txt +``` + +#### Использование прокси-сервера + +Если Вы запускаете контейнер за прокси-сервером завершения TLS (балансирующего нагрузку), таким как Nginx или Traefik, добавьте опцию `--proxy-headers`, которая укажет Uvicorn, что он работает позади прокси-сервера и может доверять заголовкам отправляемым им. + +```Dockerfile +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--proxy-headers", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +#### Кэш Docker'а + +В нашем `Dockerfile` использована полезная хитрость, когда сначала копируется **только файл с зависимостями**, а не вся папка с кодом приложения. + +```Dockerfile +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt +``` + +Docker и подобные ему инструменты **создают** образы контейнеров **пошагово**, добавляя **один слой над другим**, начиная с первой строки `Dockerfile` и добавляя файлы, создаваемые при выполнении каждой инструкции из `Dockerfile`. + +При создании образа используется **внутренний кэш** и если в файлах нет изменений с момента последней сборки образа, то будет **переиспользован** ранее созданный слой образа, а не повторное копирование файлов и создание слоя с нуля. +Заметьте, что так как слой следующего шага зависит от слоя предыдущего, то изменения внесённые в промежуточный слой, также повлияют на последующие. + +Избегание копирования файлов не обязательно улучшит ситуацию, но использование кэша на одном шаге, позволит **использовать кэш и на следующих шагах**. Например, можно использовать кэш при установке зависимостей: + +```Dockerfile +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt +``` + +Файл со списком зависимостей **изменяется довольно редко**. Так что выполнив команду копирования только этого файла, Docker сможет **использовать кэш** на этом шаге. + +А затем **использовать кэш и на следующем шаге**, загружающем и устанавливающем зависимости. И вот тут-то мы и **сэкономим много времени**. ✨ ...а не будем томиться в тягостном ожидании. 😪😆 + +Для загрузки и установки необходимых библиотек **может понадобиться несколько минут**, но использование **кэша** занимает несколько **секунд** максимум. + +И так как во время разработки Вы будете часто пересобирать контейнер для проверки работоспособности внесённых изменений, то сэкономленные минуты сложатся в часы, а то и дни. + +Так как папка с кодом приложения **изменяется чаще всего**, то мы расположили её в конце `Dockerfile`, ведь после внесённых в код изменений кэш не будет использован на этом и следующих шагах. + +```Dockerfile +COPY ./app /code/app +``` + +### Создать Docker-образ + +Теперь, когда все файлы на своих местах, давайте создадим образ контейнера. + +* Перейдите в директорию проекта (в ту, где расположены `Dockerfile` и папка `app` с приложением). +* Создай образ приложения FastAPI: + +
+ +```console +$ docker build -t myimage . + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Обратите внимание, что в конце написана точка - `.`, это то же самое что и `./`, тем самым мы указываем Docker директорию, из которой нужно выполнять сборку образа контейнера. + + В данном случае это та же самая директория (`.`). + +### Запуск Docker-контейнера + +* Запустите контейнер, основанный на Вашем образе: + +
+ +```console +$ docker run -d --name mycontainer -p 80:80 myimage +``` + +
+ +## Проверка + +Вы можете проверить, что Ваш Docker-контейнер работает перейдя по ссылке: http://192.168.99.100/items/5?q=somequery или http://127.0.0.1/items/5?q=somequery (или похожей, которую использует Ваш Docker-хост). + +Там Вы увидите: + +```JSON +{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} +``` + +## Интерактивная документация API + +Теперь перейдите по ссылке http://192.168.99.100/docs или http://127.0.0.1/docs (или похожей, которую использует Ваш Docker-хост). + +Здесь Вы увидите автоматическую интерактивную документацию API (предоставляемую Swagger UI): + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +## Альтернативная документация API + +Также Вы можете перейти по ссылке http://192.168.99.100/redoc or http://127.0.0.1/redoc (или похожей, которую использует Ваш Docker-хост). + +Здесь Вы увидите альтернативную автоматическую документацию API (предоставляемую ReDoc): + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +## Создание Docker-образа на основе однофайлового приложения FastAPI + +Если Ваше приложение FastAPI помещено в один файл, например, `main.py` и структура Ваших файлов похожа на эту: + +``` +. +├── Dockerfile +├── main.py +└── requirements.txt +``` + +Вам нужно изменить в `Dockerfile` соответствующие пути копирования файлов: + +```{ .dockerfile .annotate hl_lines="10 13" } +FROM python:3.9 + +WORKDIR /code + +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +# (1) +COPY ./main.py /code/ + +# (2) +CMD ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +1. Скопируйте непосредственно файл `main.py` в директорию `/code` (не указывайте `./app`). + +2. При запуске Uvicorn укажите ему, что объект `app` нужно импортировать из файла `main` (вместо импортирования из `app.main`). + +Настройте Uvicorn на использование `main` вместо `app.main` для импорта объекта `app`. + +## Концепции развёртывания + +Давайте вспомним о [Концепциях развёртывания](./concepts.md){.internal-link target=_blank} и применим их к контейнерам. + +Контейнеры - это, в основном, инструмент упрощающий **сборку и развёртывание** приложения и они не обязыают к применению какой-то определённой **концепции развёртывания**, а значит мы можем выбирать нужную стратегию. + +**Хорошая новость** в том, что независимо от выбранной стратегии, мы всё равно можем покрыть все концепции развёртывания. 🎉 + +Рассмотрим эти **концепции развёртывания** применительно к контейнерам: + +* Использование более безопасного протокола HTTPS +* Настройки запуска приложения +* Перезагрузка приложения +* Запуск нескольких экземпляров приложения +* Управление памятью +* Использование перечисленных функций перед запуском приложения + +## Использование более безопасного протокола HTTPS + +Если мы определимся, что **образ контейнера** будет содержать только приложение FastAPI, то работу с HTTPS можно организовать **снаружи** контейнера при помощи другого инструмента. + +Это может быть другой контейнер, в котором есть, например, Traefik, работающий с **HTTPS** и **самостоятельно** обновляющий **сертификаты**. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Traefik совместим с Docker, Kubernetes и им подобными инструментами. Он очень прост в установке и настройке использования HTTPS для Ваших контейнеров. + +В качестве альтернативы, работу с HTTPS можно доверить облачному провайдеру, если он предоставляет такую услугу. + +## Настройки запуска и перезагрузки приложения + +Обычно **запуском контейнера с приложением** занимается какой-то отдельный инструмент. + +Это может быть сам **Docker**, **Docker Compose**, **Kubernetes**, **облачный провайдер** и т.п. + +В большинстве случаев это простейшие настройки запуска и перезагрузки приложения (при падении). Например, команде запуска Docker-контейнера можно добавить опцию `--restart`. + +Управление запуском и перезагрузкой приложений без использования контейнеров - весьма затруднительно. Но при **работе с контейнерами** - это всего лишь функционал доступный по умолчанию. ✨ + +## Запуск нескольких экземпляров приложения - Указание количества процессов + +Если у Вас есть кластер машин под управлением **Kubernetes**, Docker Swarm Mode, Nomad или аналогичной сложной системой оркестрации контейнеров, скорее всего, вместо использования менеджера процессов (типа Gunicorn и его воркеры) в каждом контейнере, Вы захотите **управлять количеством запущенных экземпляров приложения** на **уровне кластера**. + +В любую из этих систем управления контейнерами обычно встроен способ управления **количеством запущенных контейнеров** для распределения **нагрузки** от входящих запросов на **уровне кластера**. + +В такой ситуации Вы, вероятно, захотите создать **образ Docker**, как [описано выше](#dockerfile), с установленными зависимостями и запускающий **один процесс Uvicorn** вместо того, чтобы запускать Gunicorn управляющий несколькими воркерами Uvicorn. + +### Балансировщик нагрузки + +Обычно при использовании контейнеров один компонент **прослушивает главный порт**. Это может быть контейнер содержащий **прокси-сервер завершения работы TLS** для работы с **HTTPS** или что-то подобное. + +Поскольку этот компонент **принимает запросы** и равномерно **распределяет** их между компонентами, его также называют **балансировщиком нагрузки**. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + **Прокси-сервер завершения работы TLS** одновременно может быть **балансировщиком нагрузки**. + +Система оркестрации, которую Вы используете для запуска и управления контейнерами, имеет встроенный инструмент **сетевого взаимодействия** (например, для передачи HTTP-запросов) между контейнерами с Вашими приложениями и **балансировщиком нагрузки** (который также может быть **прокси-сервером**). + +### Один балансировщик - Множество контейнеров + +При работе с **Kubernetes** или аналогичными системами оркестрации использование их внутреннней сети позволяет иметь один **балансировщик нагрузки**, который прослушивает **главный** порт и передаёт запросы **множеству запущенных контейнеров** с Вашими приложениями. + +В каждом из контейнеров обычно работает **только один процесс** (например, процесс Uvicorn управляющий Вашим приложением FastAPI). Контейнеры могут быть **идентичными**, запущенными на основе одного и того же образа, но у каждого будут свои отдельные процесс, память и т.п. Таким образом мы получаем преимущества **распараллеливания** работы по **разным ядрам** процессора или даже **разным машинам**. + +Система управления контейнерами с **балансировщиком нагрузки** будет **распределять запросы** к контейнерам с приложениями **по очереди**. То есть каждый запрос будет обработан одним из множества **одинаковых контейнеров** с одним и тем же приложением. + +**Балансировщик нагрузки** может обрабатывать запросы к *разным* приложениям, расположенным в Вашем кластере (например, если у них разные домены или префиксы пути) и передавать запросы нужному контейнеру с требуемым приложением. + +### Один процесс на контейнер + +В этом варианте **в одном контейнере будет запущен только один процесс (Uvicorn)**, а управление изменением количества запущенных копий приложения происходит на уровне кластера. + +Здесь **не нужен** менеджер процессов типа Gunicorn, управляющий процессами Uvicorn, или же Uvicorn, управляющий другими процессами Uvicorn. Достаточно **только одного процесса Uvicorn** на контейнер (но запуск нескольких процессов не запрещён). + +Использование менеджера процессов (Gunicorn или Uvicorn) внутри контейнера только добавляет **излишнее усложнение**, так как управление следует осуществлять системой оркестрации. + +### Множество процессов внутри контейнера для особых случаев + +Безусловно, бывают **особые случаи**, когда может понадобится внутри контейнера запускать **менеджер процессов Gunicorn**, управляющий несколькими **процессами Uvicorn**. + +Для таких случаев Вы можете использовать **официальный Docker-образ** (прим. пер: - *здесь и далее на этой странице, если Вы встретите сочетание "официальный Docker-образ" без уточнений, то автор имеет в виду именно предоставляемый им образ*), где в качестве менеджера процессов используется **Gunicorn**, запускающий несколько **процессов Uvicorn** и некоторые настройки по умолчанию, автоматически устанавливающие количество запущенных процессов в зависимости от количества ядер Вашего процессора. Я расскажу Вам об этом подробнее тут: [Официальный Docker-образ со встроенными Gunicorn и Uvicorn](#docker-gunicorn-uvicorn). + +Некоторые примеры подобных случаев: + +#### Простое приложение + +Вы можете использовать менеджер процессов внутри контейнера, если Ваше приложение **настолько простое**, что у Вас нет необходимости (по крайней мере, пока нет) в тщательных настройках количества процессов и Вам достаточно имеющихся настроек по умолчанию (если используется официальный Docker-образ) для запуска приложения **только на одном сервере**, а не в кластере. + +#### Docker Compose + +С помощью **Docker Compose** можно разворачивать несколько контейнеров на **одном сервере** (не кластере), но при это у Вас не будет простого способа управления количеством запущенных контейнеров с одновременным сохранением общей сети и **балансировки нагрузки**. + +В этом случае можно использовать **менеджер процессов**, управляющий **несколькими процессами**, внутри **одного контейнера**. + +#### Prometheus и прочие причины + +У Вас могут быть и **другие причины**, когда использование **множества процессов** внутри **одного контейнера** будет проще, нежели запуск **нескольких контейнеров** с **единственным процессом** в каждом из них. + +Например (в зависимости от конфигурации), у Вас могут быть инструменты подобные экспортёру Prometheus, которые должны иметь доступ к **каждому запросу** приходящему в контейнер. + +Если у Вас будет **несколько контейнеров**, то Prometheus, по умолчанию, **при сборе метрик** получит их **только с одного контейнера**, который обрабатывает конкретный запрос, вместо **сбора метрик** со всех работающих контейнеров. + +В таком случае может быть проще иметь **один контейнер** со **множеством процессов**, с нужным инструментом (таким как экспортёр Prometheus) в этом же контейнере и собирающем метрики со всех внутренних процессов этого контейнера. + +--- + +Самое главное - **ни одно** из перечисленных правил не является **высеченным в камне** и Вы не обязаны слепо их повторять. Вы можете использовать эти идеи при **рассмотрении Вашего конкретного случая** и самостоятельно решать, какая из концепции подходит лучше: + +* Использование более безопасного протокола HTTPS +* Настройки запуска приложения +* Перезагрузка приложения +* Запуск нескольких экземпляров приложения +* Управление памятью +* Использование перечисленных функций перед запуском приложения + +## Управление памятью + +При **запуске одного процесса на контейнер** Вы получаете относительно понятный, стабильный и ограниченный объём памяти, потребляемый одним контейнером. + +Вы можете установить аналогичные ограничения по памяти при конфигурировании своей системы управления контейнерами (например, **Kubernetes**). Таким образом система сможет **изменять количество контейнеров** на **доступных ей машинах** приводя в соответствие количество памяти нужной контейнерам с количеством памяти доступной в кластере (наборе доступных машин). + +Если у Вас **простенькое** приложение, вероятно у Вас не будет **необходимости** устанавливать жёсткие ограничения на выделяемую ему память. Но если приложение **использует много памяти** (например, оно использует модели **машинного обучения**), Вам следует проверить, как много памяти ему требуется и отрегулировать **количество контейнеров** запущенных на **каждой машине** (может быть даже добавить машин в кластер). + +Если Вы запускаете **несколько процессов в контейнере**, то должны быть уверены, что эти процессы не **займут памяти больше**, чем доступно для контейнера. + +## Подготовительные шаги при запуске контейнеров + +Есть два основных подхода, которые Вы можете использовать при запуске контейнеров (Docker, Kubernetes и т.п.). + +### Множество контейнеров + +Когда Вы запускаете **множество контейнеров**, в каждом из которых работает **только один процесс** (например, в кластере **Kubernetes**), может возникнуть необходимость иметь **отдельный контейнер**, который осуществит **предварительные шаги перед запуском** остальных контейнеров (например, применяет миграции к базе данных). + +!!! info "Информация" + При использовании Kubernetes, это может быть Инициализирующий контейнер. + +При отсутствии такой необходимости (допустим, не нужно применять миграции к базе данных, а только проверить, что она готова принимать соединения), Вы можете проводить такую проверку в каждом контейнере перед запуском его основного процесса и запускать все контейнеры **одновременно**. + +### Только один контейнер + +Если у Вас несложное приложение для работы которого достаточно **одного контейнера**, но в котором работает **несколько процессов** (или один процесс), то прохождение предварительных шагов можно осуществить в этом же контейнере до запуска основного процесса. Официальный Docker-образ поддерживает такие действия. + +## Официальный Docker-образ с Gunicorn и Uvicorn + +Я подготовил для Вас Docker-образ, в который включён Gunicorn управляющий процессами (воркерами) Uvicorn, в соответствии с концепциями рассмотренными в предыдущей главе: [Рабочие процессы сервера (воркеры) - Gunicorn совместно с Uvicorn](./server-workers.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Этот образ может быть полезен для ситуаций описанных тут: [Множество процессов внутри контейнера для особых случаев](#special-cases). + +* tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi. + +!!! warning "Предупреждение" + Скорее всего у Вас **нет необходимости** в использовании этого образа или подобного ему и лучше создать свой образ с нуля как описано тут: [Создать Docker-образ для FastAPI](#docker-fastapi). + +В этом образе есть **автоматический** механизм подстройки для запуска **необходимого количества процессов** в соответствии с доступным количеством ядер процессора. + +В нём установлены **разумные значения по умолчанию**, но можно изменять и обновлять конфигурацию с помощью **переменных окружения** или конфигурационных файлов. + +Он также поддерживает прохождение **Подготовительных шагов при запуске контейнеров** при помощи скрипта. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Для просмотра всех возможных настроек перейдите на страницу этого Docker-образа: tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi. + +### Количество процессов в официальном Docker-образе + +**Количество процессов** в этом образе **вычисляется автоматически** и зависит от доступного количества **ядер** центрального процессора. + +Это означает, что он будет пытаться **выжать** из процессора как можно больше **производительности**. + +Но Вы можете изменять и обновлять конфигурацию с помощью **переменных окружения** и т.п. + +Поскольку количество процессов зависит от процессора, на котором работает контейнер, **объём потребляемой памяти** также будет зависеть от этого. + +А значит, если Вашему приложению требуется много оперативной памяти (например, оно использует модели машинного обучения) и Ваш сервер имеет центральный процессор с большим количеством ядер, но **не слишком большим объёмом оперативной памяти**, то может дойти до того, что контейнер попытается занять памяти больше, чем доступно, из-за чего будет падение производительности (или сервер вовсе упадёт). 🚨 + + +### Написание `Dockerfile` + +Итак, теперь мы можем написать `Dockerfile` основанный на этом официальном Docker-образе: + +```Dockerfile +FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.9 + +COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /app/requirements.txt + +COPY ./app /app +``` + +### Большие приложения + +Если Вы успели ознакомиться с разделом [Приложения содержащие много файлов](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, состоящие из множества файлов, Ваш Dockerfile может выглядеть так: + +```Dockerfile hl_lines="7" +FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.9 + +COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /app/requirements.txt + +COPY ./app /app/app +``` + +### Как им пользоваться + +Если Вы используете **Kubernetes** (или что-то вроде того), скорее всего Вам **не нужно** использовать официальный Docker-образ (или другой похожий) в качестве основы, так как управление **количеством запущенных контейнеров** должно быть настроено на уровне кластера. В таком случае лучше **создать образ с нуля**, как описано в разделе Создать [Docker-образ для FastAPI](#docker-fastapi). + +Официальный образ может быть полезен в отдельных случаях, описанных выше в разделе [Множество процессов внутри контейнера для особых случаев](#special-cases). Например, если Ваше приложение **достаточно простое**, не требует запуска в кластере и способно уместиться в один контейнер, то его настройки по умолчанию будут работать довольно хорошо. Или же Вы развертываете его с помощью **Docker Compose**, работаете на одном сервере и т. д + +## Развёртывание образа контейнера + +После создания образа контейнера существует несколько способов его развёртывания. + +Например: + +* С использованием **Docker Compose** при развёртывании на одном сервере +* С использованием **Kubernetes** в кластере +* С использованием режима Docker Swarm в кластере +* С использованием других инструментов, таких как Nomad +* С использованием облачного сервиса, который будет управлять разворачиванием Вашего контейнера + +## Docker-образ и Poetry + +Если Вы пользуетесь Poetry для управления зависимостями Вашего проекта, то можете использовать многоэтапную сборку образа: + +```{ .dockerfile .annotate } +# (1) +FROM python:3.9 as requirements-stage + +# (2) +WORKDIR /tmp + +# (3) +RUN pip install poetry + +# (4) +COPY ./pyproject.toml ./poetry.lock* /tmp/ + +# (5) +RUN poetry export -f requirements.txt --output requirements.txt --without-hashes + +# (6) +FROM python:3.9 + +# (7) +WORKDIR /code + +# (8) +COPY --from=requirements-stage /tmp/requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +# (9) +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +# (10) +COPY ./app /code/app + +# (11) +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +1. Это первый этап, которому мы дадим имя `requirements-stage`. + +2. Установите директорию `/tmp` в качестве рабочей директории. + + В ней будет создан файл `requirements.txt` + +3. На этом шаге установите Poetry. + +4. Скопируйте файлы `pyproject.toml` и `poetry.lock` в директорию `/tmp`. + + Поскольку название файла написано как `./poetry.lock*` (с `*` в конце), то ничего не сломается, если такой файл не будет найден. + +5. Создайте файл `requirements.txt`. + +6. Это второй (и последний) этап сборки, который и создаст окончательный образ контейнера. + +7. Установите директорию `/code` в качестве рабочей. + +8. Скопируйте файл `requirements.txt` в директорию `/code`. + + Этот файл находится в образе, созданном на предыдущем этапе, которому мы дали имя requirements-stage, потому при копировании нужно написать `--from-requirements-stage`. + +9. Установите зависимости, указанные в файле `requirements.txt`. + +10. Скопируйте папку `app` в папку `/code`. + +11. Запустите `uvicorn`, указав ему использовать объект `app`, расположенный в `app.main`. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Если ткнёте на кружок с плюсом, то увидите объяснения, что происходит в этой строке. + +**Этапы сборки Docker-образа** являются частью `Dockerfile` и работают как **временные образы контейнеров**. Они нужны только для создания файлов, используемых в дальнейших этапах. + +Первый этап был нужен только для **установки Poetry** и **создания файла `requirements.txt`**, в которым прописаны зависимости Вашего проекта, взятые из файла `pyproject.toml`. + +На **следующем этапе** `pip` будет использовать файл `requirements.txt`. + +В итоговом образе будет содержаться **только последний этап сборки**, предыдущие этапы будут отброшены. + +При использовании Poetry, имеет смысл использовать **многоэтапную сборку Docker-образа**, потому что на самом деле Вам не нужен Poetry и его зависимости в окончательном образе контейнера, Вам **нужен только** сгенерированный файл `requirements.txt` для установки зависимостей Вашего проекта. + +А на последнем этапе, придерживаясь описанных ранее правил, создаётся итоговый образ + +### Использование прокси-сервера завершения TLS и Poetry + +И снова повторюсь, если используете прокси-сервер (балансировщик нагрузки), такой, как Nginx или Traefik, добавьте в команду запуска опцию `--proxy-headers`: + +```Dockerfile +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--proxy-headers", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +## Резюме + +При помощи систем контейнеризации (таких, как **Docker** и **Kubernetes**), становится довольно просто обрабатывать все **концепции развертывания**: + +* Использование более безопасного протокола HTTPS +* Настройки запуска приложения +* Перезагрузка приложения +* Запуск нескольких экземпляров приложения +* Управление памятью +* Использование перечисленных функций перед запуском приложения + +В большинстве случаев Вам, вероятно, не нужно использовать какой-либо базовый образ, **лучше создать образ контейнера с нуля** на основе официального Docker-образа Python. + +Позаботившись о **порядке написания** инструкций в `Dockerfile`, Вы сможете использовать **кэш Docker'а**, **минимизировав время сборки**, максимально повысив свою производительность (и избежать скуки). 😎 + +В некоторых особых случаях вы можете использовать официальный образ Docker для FastAPI. 🤓 diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/deployment/https.md b/docs/ru/docs/deployment/https.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a53ab6927 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/deployment/https.md @@ -0,0 +1,198 @@ +# Об HTTPS + +Обычно представляется, что HTTPS это некая опция, которая либо "включена", либо нет. + +Но всё несколько сложнее. + +!!! tip "Заметка" + Если Вы торопитесь или Вам не интересно, можете перейти на следующую страницу этого пошагового руководства по размещению приложений на серверах с использованием различных технологий. + +Чтобы **изучить основы HTTPS** для клиента, перейдите по ссылке https://howhttps.works/. + +Здесь же представлены некоторые концепции, которые **разработчик** должен иметь в виду при размышлениях об HTTPS: + +* Протокол HTTPS предполагает, что **серверу** нужно **располагать "сертификатами"** сгенерированными **третьей стороной**. + * На самом деле эти сертификаты **приобретены** у третьей стороны, а не "сгенерированы". +* У сертификатов есть **срок годности**. + * Срок годности **истекает**. + * По истечении срока годности их нужно **обновить**, то есть **снова получить** у третьей стороны. +* Шифрование соединения происходит **на уровне протокола TCP**. + * Протокол TCP находится на один уровень **ниже протокола HTTP**. + * Поэтому **проверка сертификатов и шифрование** происходит **до HTTP**. +* **TCP не знает о "доменах"**, но знает об IP-адресах. + * Информация о **запрашиваемом домене** извлекается из запроса **на уровне HTTP**. +* **Сертификаты HTTPS** "сертифицируют" **конкретный домен**, но проверка сертификатов и шифрование данных происходит на уровне протокола TCP, то есть **до того**, как станет известен домен-получатель данных. +* **По умолчанию** это означает, что у Вас может быть **только один сертификат HTTPS на один IP-адрес**. + * Не важно, насколько большой у Вас сервер и насколько маленькие приложения на нём могут быть. + * Однако, у этой проблемы есть **решение**. +* Существует **расширение** протокола **TLS** (который работает на уровне TCP, то есть до HTTP) называемое **SNI**. + * Расширение SNI позволяет одному серверу (с **одним IP-адресом**) иметь **несколько сертификатов HTTPS** и обслуживать **множество HTTPS-доменов/приложений**. + * Чтобы эта конструкция работала, **один** её компонент (программа) запущенный на сервере и слушающий **публичный IP-адрес**, должен иметь **все сертификаты HTTPS** для этого сервера. +* **После** установления защищённого соединения, протоколом передачи данных **остаётся HTTP**. + * Но данные теперь **зашифрованы**, несмотря на то, что они передаются по **протоколу HTTP**. + +Обычной практикой является иметь **одну программу/HTTP-сервер** запущенную на сервере (машине, хосте и т.д.) и **ответственную за всю работу с HTTPS**: + +* получение **зашифрованных HTTPS-запросов** +* отправка **расшифрованных HTTP запросов** в соответствующее HTTP-приложение, работающее на том же сервере (в нашем случае, это приложение **FastAPI**) +* получние **HTTP-ответа** от приложения +* **шифрование ответа** используя подходящий **сертификат HTTPS** +* отправка зашифрованного **HTTPS-ответа клиенту**. +Такой сервер часто называют **Прокси-сервер завершения работы TLS** или просто "прокси-сервер". + +Вот некоторые варианты, которые Вы можете использовать в качестве такого прокси-сервера: + +* Traefik (может обновлять сертификаты) +* Caddy (может обновлять сертификаты) +* Nginx +* HAProxy + +## Let's Encrypt (центр сертификации) + +До появления Let's Encrypt **сертификаты HTTPS** приходилось покупать у третьих сторон. + +Процесс получения такого сертификата был трудоёмким, требовал предоставления подтверждающих документов и сертификаты стоили дорого. + +Но затем консорциумом Linux Foundation был создан проект **Let's Encrypt**. + +Он автоматически предоставляет **бесплатные сертификаты HTTPS**. Эти сертификаты используют все стандартные криптографические способы шифрования. Они имеют небольшой срок годности (около 3 месяцев), благодаря чему они даже **более безопасны**. + +При запросе на получение сертификата, он автоматически генерируется и домен проверяется на безопасность. Это позволяет обновлять сертификаты автоматически. + +Суть идеи в автоматическом получении и обновлении этих сертификатов, чтобы все могли пользоваться **безопасным HTTPS. Бесплатно. В любое время.** + +## HTTPS для разработчиков + +Ниже, шаг за шагом, с заострением внимания на идеях, важных для разработчика, описано, как может выглядеть HTTPS API. + +### Имя домена + +Чаще всего, всё начинается с **приобретения имени домена**. Затем нужно настроить DNS-сервер (вероятно у того же провайдера, который выдал Вам домен). + +Далее, возможно, Вы получаете "облачный" сервер (виртуальную машину) или что-то типа этого, у которого есть постоянный **публичный IP-адрес**. + +На DNS-сервере (серверах) Вам следует настроить соответствующую ресурсную запись ("`запись A`"), указав, что **Ваш домен** связан с публичным **IP-адресом Вашего сервера**. + +Обычно эту запись достаточно указать один раз, при первоначальной настройке всего сервера. + +!!! tip "Заметка" + Уровни протоколов, работающих с именами доменов, намного ниже HTTPS, но об этом следует упомянуть здесь, так как всё зависит от доменов и IP-адресов. + +### DNS + +Теперь давайте сфокусируемся на работе с HTTPS. + +Всё начинается с того, что браузер спрашивает у **DNS-серверов**, какой **IP-адрес связан с доменом**, для примера возьмём домен `someapp.example.com`. + +DNS-сервера присылают браузеру определённый **IP-адрес**, тот самый публичный IP-адрес Вашего сервера, который Вы указали в ресурсной "записи А" при настройке. + + + +### Рукопожатие TLS + +В дальнейшем браузер будет взаимодействовать с этим IP-адресом через **port 443** (общепринятый номер порта для HTTPS). + +Первым шагом будет установление соединения между клиентом (браузером) и сервером и выбор криптографического ключа (для шифрования). + + + +Эта часть клиент-серверного взаимодействия устанавливает TLS-соединение и называется **TLS-рукопожатием**. + +### TLS с расширением SNI + +На сервере **только один процесс** может прослушивать определённый **порт** определённого **IP-адреса**. На сервере могут быть и другие процессы, слушающие другие порты этого же IP-адреса, но никакой процесс не может быть привязан к уже занятой комбинации IP-адрес:порт. Эта комбинация называется "сокет". + +По умолчанию TLS (HTTPS) использует порт `443`. Потому этот же порт будем использовать и мы. + +И раз уж только один процесс может слушать этот порт, то это будет процесс **прокси-сервера завершения работы TLS**. + +Прокси-сервер завершения работы TLS будет иметь доступ к одному или нескольким **TLS-сертификатам** (сертификаты HTTPS). + +Используя **расширение SNI** упомянутое выше, прокси-сервер из имеющихся сертификатов TLS (HTTPS) выберет тот, который соответствует имени домена, указанному в запросе от клиента. + +То есть будет выбран сертификат для домена `someapp.example.com`. + + + +Клиент уже **доверяет** тому, кто выдал этот TLS-сертификат (в нашем случае - Let's Encrypt, но мы ещё обсудим это), потому может **проверить**, действителен ли полученный от сервера сертификат. + +Затем, используя этот сертификат, клиент и прокси-сервер **выбирают способ шифрования** данных для устанавливаемого **TCP-соединения**. На этом операция **TLS-рукопожатия** завершена. + +В дальнейшем клиент и сервер будут взаимодействовать по **зашифрованному TCP-соединению**, как предлагается в протоколе TLS. И на основе этого TCP-соедениния будет создано **HTTP-соединение**. + +Таким образом, **HTTPS** это тот же **HTTP**, но внутри **безопасного TLS-соединения** вместо чистого (незашифрованного) TCP-соединения. + +!!! tip "Заметка" + Обратите внимание, что шифрование происходит на **уровне TCP**, а не на более высоком уровне HTTP. + +### HTTPS-запрос + +Теперь, когда между клиентом и сервером (в нашем случае, браузером и прокси-сервером) создано **зашифрованное TCP-соединение**, они могут начать **обмен данными по протоколу HTTP**. + +Так клиент отправляет **HTTPS-запрос**. То есть обычный HTTP-запрос, но через зашифрованное TLS-содинение. + + + +### Расшифровка запроса + +Прокси-сервер, используя согласованный с клиентом ключ, расшифрует полученный **зашифрованный запрос** и передаст **обычный (незашифрованный) HTTP-запрос** процессу, запускающему приложение (например, процессу Uvicorn запускающему приложение FastAPI). + + + +### HTTP-ответ + +Приложение обработает запрос и вернёт **обычный (незашифрованный) HTTP-ответ** прокси-серверу. + + + +### HTTPS-ответ + +Пркоси-сервер **зашифрует ответ** используя ранее согласованный с клиентом способ шифрования (которые содержатся в сертификате для домена `someapp.example.com`) и отправит его браузеру. + +Наконец, браузер проверит ответ, в том числе, что тот зашифрован с нужным ключом, **расшифрует его** и обработает. + + + +Клиент (браузер) знает, что ответ пришёл от правильного сервера, так как использует методы шифрования, согласованные ими раннее через **HTTPS-сертификат**. + +### Множество приложений + +На одном и том же сервере (или серверах) можно разместить **множество приложений**, например, другие программы с API или базы данных. + +Напомню, что только один процесс (например, прокси-сервер) может прослушивать определённый порт определённого IP-адреса. +Но другие процессы и приложения тоже могут работать на этом же сервере (серверах), если они не пытаются использовать уже занятую **комбинацию IP-адреса и порта** (сокет). + + + +Таким образом, сервер завершения TLS может обрабатывать HTTPS-запросы и использовать сертификаты для **множества доменов** или приложений и передавать запросы правильным адресатам (другим приложениям). + +### Обновление сертификата + +В недалёком будущем любой сертификат станет **просроченным** (примерно через три месяца после получения). + +Когда это произойдёт, можно запустить другую программу, которая подключится к Let's Encrypt и обновит сертификат(ы). Существуют прокси-серверы, которые могут сделать это действие самостоятельно. + + + +**TLS-сертификаты** не привязаны к IP-адресу, но **связаны с именем домена**. + +Так что при обновлении сертификатов программа должна **подтвердить** центру сертификации (Let's Encrypt), что обновление запросил **"владелец", который контролирует этот домен**. + +Есть несколько путей осуществления этого. Самые популярные из них: + +* **Изменение записей DNS**. + * Для такого варианта Ваша программа обновления должна уметь работать с API DNS-провайдера, обслуживающего Ваши DNS-записи. Не у всех провайдеров есть такой API, так что этот способ не всегда применим. +* **Запуск в качестве программы-сервера** (как минимум, на время обновления сертификатов) на публичном IP-адресе домена. + * Как уже не раз упоминалось, только один процесс может прослушивать определённый порт определённого IP-адреса. + * Это одна из причин использования прокси-сервера ещё и в качестве программы обновления сертификатов. + * В случае, если обновлением сертификатов занимается другая программа, Вам понадобится остановить прокси-сервер, запустить программу обновления сертификатов на сокете, предназначенном для прокси-сервера, настроить прокси-сервер на работу с новыми сертификатами и перезапустить его. Эта схема далека от идеальной, так как Ваши приложения будут недоступны на время отключения прокси-сервера. + +Весь этот процесс обновления, одновременный с обслуживанием запросов, является одной из основных причин, по которой желательно иметь **отдельную систему для работы с HTTPS** в виде прокси-сервера завершения TLS, а не просто использовать сертификаты TLS непосредственно с сервером приложений (например, Uvicorn). + +## Резюме + +Наличие **HTTPS** очень важно и довольно **критично** в большинстве случаев. Однако, Вам, как разработчику, не нужно тратить много сил на это, достаточно **понимать эти концепции** и принципы их работы. + +Но узнав базовые основы **HTTPS** Вы можете легко совмещать разные инструменты, которые помогут Вам в дальнейшей разработке. + +В следующих главах я покажу Вам несколько примеров, как настраивать **HTTPS** для приложений **FastAPI**. 🔒 diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/deployment/index.md b/docs/ru/docs/deployment/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d214a9d62 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/deployment/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Развёртывание + +Развернуть приложение **FastAPI** довольно просто. + +## Да что такое это ваше - "развёртывание"?! + +Термин **развёртывание** (приложения) означает выполнение необходимых шагов, чтобы сделать приложение **доступным для пользователей**. + +Обычно **веб-приложения** размещают на удалённом компьютере с серверной программой, которая обеспечивает хорошую производительность, стабильность и т. д., Чтобы ваши пользователи могли эффективно, беспрерывно и беспроблемно обращаться к приложению. + +Это отличется от **разработки**, когда вы постоянно меняете код, делаете в нём намеренные ошибки и исправляете их, останавливаете и перезапускаете сервер разработки и т. д. + +## Стратегии развёртывания + +В зависимости от вашего конкретного случая, есть несколько способов сделать это. + +Вы можете **развернуть сервер** самостоятельно, используя различные инструменты. Например, можно использовать **облачный сервис**, который выполнит часть работы за вас. Также возможны и другие варианты. + +В этом блоке я покажу вам некоторые из основных концепций, которые вы, вероятно, должны иметь в виду при развертывании приложения **FastAPI** (хотя большинство из них применимо к любому другому типу веб-приложений). + +В последующих разделах вы узнаете больше деталей и методов, необходимых для этого. ✨ diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/deployment/manually.md b/docs/ru/docs/deployment/manually.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1d00b3086 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/deployment/manually.md @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +# Запуск сервера вручную - Uvicorn + +Для запуска приложения **FastAPI** на удалённой серверной машине Вам необходим программный сервер, поддерживающий протокол ASGI, такой как **Uvicorn**. + +Существует три наиболее распространённые альтернативы: + +* Uvicorn: высокопроизводительный ASGI сервер. +* Hypercorn: ASGI сервер, помимо прочего поддерживающий HTTP/2 и Trio. +* Daphne: ASGI сервер, созданный для Django Channels. + +## Сервер как машина и сервер как программа + +В этих терминах есть некоторые различия и Вам следует запомнить их. 💡 + +Слово "**сервер**" чаще всего используется в двух контекстах: + +- удалённый или расположенный в "облаке" компьютер (физическая или виртуальная машина). +- программа, запущенная на таком компьютере (например, Uvicorn). + +Просто запомните, если Вам встретился термин "сервер", то обычно он подразумевает что-то из этих двух смыслов. + +Когда имеют в виду именно удалённый компьютер, часто говорят просто **сервер**, но ещё его называют **машина**, **ВМ** (виртуальная машина), **нода**. Все эти термины обозначают одно и то же - удалённый компьютер, обычно под управлением Linux, на котором Вы запускаете программы. + +## Установка программного сервера + +Вы можете установить сервер, совместимый с протоколом ASGI, так: + +=== "Uvicorn" + + * Uvicorn, молниесный ASGI сервер, основанный на библиотеках uvloop и httptools. + +
+ + ```console + $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + + ---> 100% + ``` + +
+ + !!! tip "Подсказка" + С опцией `standard`, Uvicorn будет установливаться и использоваться с некоторыми дополнительными рекомендованными зависимостями. + + В них входит `uvloop`, высокопроизводительная замена `asyncio`, которая значительно ускоряет работу асинхронных программ. + +=== "Hypercorn" + + * Hypercorn, ASGI сервер, поддерживающий протокол HTTP/2. + +
+ + ```console + $ pip install hypercorn + + ---> 100% + ``` + +
+ + ...или какой-либо другой ASGI сервер. + +## Запуск серверной программы + +Затем запустите Ваше приложение так же, как было указано в руководстве ранее, но без опции `--reload`: + +=== "Uvicorn" + +
+ + ```console + $ uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 80 + + INFO: Uvicorn running on http://0.0.0.0:80 (Press CTRL+C to quit) + ``` + +
+ +=== "Hypercorn" + +
+ + ```console + $ hypercorn main:app --bind 0.0.0.0:80 + + Running on 0.0.0.0:8080 over http (CTRL + C to quit) + ``` + +
+ +!!! warning "Предупреждение" + + Не забудьте удалить опцию `--reload`, если ранее пользовались ею. + + Включение опции `--reload` требует дополнительных ресурсов, влияет на стабильность работы приложения и может повлечь прочие неприятности. + + Она сильно помогает во время **разработки**, но **не следует** использовать её при **реальной работе** приложения. + +## Hypercorn с Trio + +Starlette и **FastAPI** основаны на AnyIO, которая делает их совместимыми как с asyncio - стандартной библиотекой Python, так и с Trio. + + +Тем не менее Uvicorn совместим только с asyncio и обычно используется совместно с `uvloop`, высокопроизводительной заменой `asyncio`. + +Но если Вы хотите использовать **Trio** напрямую, то можете воспользоваться **Hypercorn**, так как они совместимы. ✨ + +### Установка Hypercorn с Trio + +Для начала, Вам нужно установить Hypercorn с поддержкой Trio: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "hypercorn[trio]" +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +### Запуск с Trio + +Далее запустите Hypercorn с опцией `--worker-class` и аргументом `trio`: + +
+ +```console +$ hypercorn main:app --worker-class trio +``` + +
+ +Hypercorn, в свою очередь, запустит Ваше приложение использующее Trio. + +Таким образом, Вы сможете использовать Trio в своём приложении. Но лучше использовать AnyIO, для сохранения совместимости и с Trio, и с asyncio. 🎉 + +## Концепции развёртывания + +В вышеприведённых примерах серверные программы (например Uvicorn) запускали только **один процесс**, принимающий входящие запросы с любого IP (на это указывал аргумент `0.0.0.0`) на определённый порт (в примерах мы указывали порт `80`). + +Это основная идея. Но возможно, Вы озаботитесь добавлением дополнительных возможностей, таких как: + +* Использование более безопасного протокола HTTPS +* Настройки запуска приложения +* Перезагрузка приложения +* Запуск нескольких экземпляров приложения +* Управление памятью +* Использование перечисленных функций перед запуском приложения. + +Я поведаю Вам больше о каждой из этих концепций в следующих главах, с конкретными примерами стратегий работы с ними. 🚀 diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/deployment/versions.md b/docs/ru/docs/deployment/versions.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..91b9038e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/deployment/versions.md @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +# О версиях FastAPI + +**FastAPI** уже используется в продакшене во многих приложениях и системах. Покрытие тестами поддерживается на уровне 100%. Однако его разработка все еще продолжается. + +Часто добавляются новые функции, регулярно исправляются баги, код продолжает постоянно совершенствоваться. + +По указанным причинам текущие версии до сих пор `0.x.x`. Это говорит о том, что каждая версия может содержать обратно несовместимые изменения, следуя соглашению о Семантическом Версионировании. + +Уже сейчас вы можете создавать приложения в продакшене, используя **FastAPI** (и скорее всего так и делаете), главное убедиться в том, что вы используете версию, которая корректно работает с вашим кодом. + +## Закрепите вашу версию `fastapi` + +Первым делом вам следует "закрепить" конкретную последнюю используемую версию **FastAPI**, которая корректно работает с вашим приложением. + +Например, в своём приложении вы используете версию `0.45.0`. + +Если вы используете файл `requirements.txt`, вы можете указать версию следующим способом: + +```txt +fastapi==0.45.0 +``` + +это означает, что вы будете использовать именно версию `0.45.0`. + +Или вы можете закрепить версию следующим способом: + +```txt +fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0 +``` + +это значит, что вы используете версии `0.45.0` или выше, но меньше чем `0.46.0`. Например, версия `0.45.2` все еще будет подходить. + +Если вы используете любой другой инструмент для управления зависимостями, например Poetry, Pipenv или др., у них у всех имеется способ определения специфической версии для ваших пакетов. + +## Доступные версии + +Вы можете посмотреть доступные версии (например, проверить последнюю на данный момент) в [примечаниях к выпуску](../release-notes.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## О версиях + +Следуя соглашению о Семантическом Версионировании, любые версии ниже `1.0.0` потенциально могут добавить обратно несовместимые изменения. + +FastAPI следует соглашению в том, что любые изменения "ПАТЧ"-версии предназначены для исправления багов и внесения обратно совместимых изменений. + +!!! Подсказка + "ПАТЧ" - это последнее число. Например, в `0.2.3`, ПАТЧ-версия - это `3`. + +Итак, вы можете закрепить версию следующим образом: + +```txt +fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0 +``` + +Обратно несовместимые изменения и новые функции добавляются в "МИНОРНЫЕ" версии. + +!!! Подсказка + "МИНОРНАЯ" версия - это число в середине. Например, в `0.2.3` МИНОРНАЯ версия - это `2`. + +## Обновление версий FastAPI + +Вам следует добавить тесты для вашего приложения. + +С помощью **FastAPI** это очень просто (благодаря Starlette), см. документацию: [Тестирование](../tutorial/testing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} + +После создания тестов вы можете обновить свою версию **FastAPI** до более новой. После этого следует убедиться, что ваш код работает корректно, запустив тесты. + +Если все работает корректно, или после внесения необходимых изменений все ваши тесты проходят, только тогда вы можете закрепить вашу новую версию `fastapi`. + +## О Starlette + +Не следует закреплять версию `starlette`. + +Разные версии **FastAPI** будут использовать более новые версии Starlette. + +Так что решение об используемой версии Starlette, вы можете оставить **FastAPI**. + +## О Pydantic + +Pydantic включает свои собственные тесты для **FastAPI**, так что новые версии Pydantic (выше `1.0.0`) всегда совместимы с FastAPI. + +Вы можете закрепить любую версию Pydantic, которая вам подходит, выше `1.0.0` и ниже `2.0.0`. + +Например: + +```txt +pydantic>=1.2.0,<2.0.0 +``` diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/external-links.md b/docs/ru/docs/external-links.md index 4daf65898..2448ef82e 100644 --- a/docs/ru/docs/external-links.md +++ b/docs/ru/docs/external-links.md @@ -9,70 +9,21 @@ !!! tip Если у вас есть статья, проект, инструмент или что-либо, связанное с **FastAPI**, что еще не перечислено здесь, создайте Pull Request. -## Статьи +{% for section_name, section_content in external_links.items() %} -### На английском +## {{ section_name }} -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.english %} +{% for lang_name, lang_content in section_content.items() %} + +### {{ lang_name }} + +{% for item in lang_content %} + +* {{ item.title }} by {{ item.author }}. -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. {% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -### На японском - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.japanese %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. {% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -### На вьетнамском - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.vietnamese %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. {% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -### На русском - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.russian %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -### На немецком - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.articles.german %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -## Подкасты - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.podcasts.english %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} - -## Talks - -{% if external_links %} -{% for article in external_links.talks.english %} - -* {{ article.title }} by {{ article.author }}. -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} ## Проекты diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/fastapi-people.md b/docs/ru/docs/fastapi-people.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6778cceab --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/fastapi-people.md @@ -0,0 +1,180 @@ + +# Люди, поддерживающие FastAPI + +У FastAPI замечательное сообщество, которое доброжелательно к людям с любым уровнем знаний. + +## Создатель и хранитель + +Хай! 👋 + +Это я: + +{% if people %} +
+{% for user in people.maintainers %} + +
@{{ user.login }}
Answers: {{ user.answers }}
Pull Requests: {{ user.prs }}
+{% endfor %} + +
+{% endif %} + +Я создал и продолжаю поддерживать **FastAPI**. Узнать обо мне больше можно тут [Помочь FastAPI - Получить помощь - Связаться с автором](help-fastapi.md#connect-with-the-author){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +... но на этой странице я хочу показать вам наше сообщество. + +--- + +**FastAPI** получает огромную поддержку от своего сообщества. И я хочу отметить вклад его участников. + +Это люди, которые: + +* [Помогают другим с их проблемами (вопросами) на GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank}. +* [Создают пул-реквесты](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank}. +* Делают ревью пул-реквестов, [что особенно важно для переводов на другие языки](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Поаплодируем им! 👏 🙇 + +## Самые активные участники за прошедший месяц + +Эти участники [оказали наибольшую помощь другим с решением их проблем (вопросов) на GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} в течение последнего месяца. ☕ + +{% if people %} +
+{% for user in people.last_month_active %} + +
@{{ user.login }}
Issues replied: {{ user.count }}
+{% endfor %} + +
+{% endif %} + +## Эксперты + +Здесь представлены **Эксперты FastAPI**. 🤓 + +Эти участники [оказали наибольшую помощь другим с решением их проблем (вопросов) на GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} за *всё время*. + +Оказывая помощь многим другим, они подтвердили свой уровень знаний. ✨ + +{% if people %} +
+{% for user in people.experts %} + +
@{{ user.login }}
Issues replied: {{ user.count }}
+{% endfor %} + +
+{% endif %} + +## Рейтинг участников, внёсших вклад в код + +Здесь представлен **Рейтинг участников, внёсших вклад в код**. 👷 + +Эти люди [сделали наибольшее количество пул-реквестов](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank}, *включённых в основной код*. + +Они сделали наибольший вклад в исходный код, документацию, переводы и т.п. 📦 + +{% if people %} +
+{% for user in people.top_contributors %} + +
@{{ user.login }}
Pull Requests: {{ user.count }}
+{% endfor %} + +
+{% endif %} + +На самом деле таких людей довольно много (более сотни), вы можете увидеть всех на этой странице FastAPI GitHub Contributors page. 👷 + +## Рейтинг ревьюеров + +Здесь представлен **Рейтинг ревьюеров**. 🕵️ + +### Проверки переводов на другие языки + +Я знаю не очень много языков (и не очень хорошо 😅). +Итак, ревьюеры - это люди, которые могут [**подтвердить предложенный вами перевод** документации](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank}. Без них не было бы документации на многих языках. + +--- + +В **Рейтинге ревьюеров** 🕵️ представлены те, кто проверил наибольшее количество пул-реквестов других участников, обеспечивая качество кода, документации и, особенно, **переводов на другие языки**. + +{% if people %} +
+{% for user in people.top_reviewers %} + +
@{{ user.login }}
Reviews: {{ user.count }}
+{% endfor %} + +
+{% endif %} + +## Спонсоры + +Здесь представлены **Спонсоры**. 😎 + +Спонсоры поддерживают мою работу над **FastAPI** (и другими проектами) главным образом через GitHub Sponsors. + +{% if sponsors %} + +{% if sponsors.gold %} + +### Золотые спонсоры + +{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%} + +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + +{% if sponsors.silver %} + +### Серебрянные спонсоры + +{% for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%} + +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + +{% if sponsors.bronze %} + +### Бронзовые спонсоры + +{% for sponsor in sponsors.bronze -%} + +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + +{% endif %} + +### Индивидуальные спонсоры + +{% if github_sponsors %} +{% for group in github_sponsors.sponsors %} + +
+ +{% for user in group %} +{% if user.login not in sponsors_badge.logins %} + +
@{{ user.login }}
+ +{% endif %} +{% endfor %} + +
+ +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + +## О данных - технические детали + +Основная цель этой страницы - подчеркнуть усилия сообщества по оказанию помощи другим. + +Особенно это касается усилий, которые обычно менее заметны и во многих случаях более трудоемки, таких как помощь другим в решении проблем и проверка пул-реквестов с переводами. + +Данные рейтинги подсчитываются каждый месяц, ознакомиться с тем, как это работает можно тут. + +Кроме того, я также подчеркиваю вклад спонсоров. + +И я оставляю за собой право обновлять алгоритмы подсчёта, виды рейтингов, пороговые значения и т.д. (так, на всякий случай 🤷). diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/features.md b/docs/ru/docs/features.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..97841cc83 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/features.md @@ -0,0 +1,203 @@ +# Основные свойства + +## Основные свойства FastAPI + +**FastAPI** предлагает вам следующее: + +### Использование открытых стандартов + +* OpenAPI для создания API, включая объявления операций пути, параметров, тела запроса, безопасности и т.д. + + +* Автоматическое документирование моделей данных в соответствии с JSON Schema (так как спецификация OpenAPI сама основана на JSON Schema). +* Разработан, придерживаясь этих стандартов, после тщательного их изучения. Эти стандарты изначально включены во фреймфорк, а не являются дополнительной надстройкой. +* Это также позволяет использовать автоматическую **генерацию клиентского кода** на многих языках. + +### Автоматически генерируемая документация + +Интерактивная документация для API и исследования пользовательских веб-интерфейсов. Поскольку этот фреймворк основан на OpenAPI, существует несколько вариантов документирования, 2 из которых включены по умолчанию. + +* Swagger UI, с интерактивным взаимодействием, вызывает и тестирует ваш API прямо из браузера. + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) + +* Альтернативная документация API в ReDoc. + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) + +### Только современный Python + +Все эти возможности основаны на стандартных **аннотациях типов Python 3.8** (благодаря Pydantic). Не нужно изучать новый синтаксис. Только лишь стандартный современный Python. + +Если вам нужно освежить знания, как использовать аннотации типов в Python (даже если вы не используете FastAPI), выделите 2 минуты и просмотрите краткое руководство: [Введение в аннотации типов Python¶ +](python-types.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Вы пишете на стандартном Python с аннотациями типов: + +```Python +from datetime import date + +from pydantic import BaseModel + +# Объявляем параметр user_id с типом `str` +# и получаем поддержку редактора внутри функции +def main(user_id: str): + return user_id + + +# Модель Pydantic +class User(BaseModel): + id: int + name: str + joined: date +``` + +Это можно использовать так: + +```Python +my_user: User = User(id=3, name="John Doe", joined="2018-07-19") + +second_user_data = { + "id": 4, + "name": "Mary", + "joined": "2018-11-30", +} + +my_second_user: User = User(**second_user_data) +``` + +!!! Информация + `**second_user_data` означает: + + Передать ключи и значения словаря `second_user_data`, в качестве аргументов типа "ключ-значение", это эквивалентно: `User(id=4, name="Mary", joined="2018-11-30")` . + +### Поддержка редакторов (IDE) + +Весь фреймворк был продуман так, чтобы быть простым и интуитивно понятным в использовании, все решения были проверены на множестве редакторов еще до начала разработки, чтобы обеспечить наилучшие условия при написании кода. + +В опросе Python-разработчиков было выяснено, что наиболее часто используемой функцией редакторов, является "автодополнение". + +Вся структура **FastAPI** основана на удовлетворении этой возможности. Автодополнение работает везде. + +Вам редко нужно будет возвращаться к документации. + +Вот как ваш редактор может вам помочь: + +* в Visual Studio Code: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) + +* в PyCharm: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/pycharm-completion.png) + +Вы будете получать автодополнение кода даже там, где вы считали это невозможным раньше. +Как пример, ключ `price` внутри тела JSON (который может быть вложенным), приходящего в запросе. + +Больше никаких неправильных имён ключей, метания по документации или прокручивания кода вверх и вниз, в попытках узнать - использовали вы ранее `username` или `user_name`. + +### Краткость +FastAPI имеет продуманные значения **по умолчанию** для всего, с произвольными настройками везде. Все параметры могут быть тонко подстроены так, чтобы делать то, что вам нужно и определять необходимый вам API. + +Но, по умолчанию, всё это **"и так работает"**. + +### Проверка значений + +* Проверка значений для большинства (или всех?) **типов данных** Python, включая: + * Объекты JSON (`dict`). + * Массивы JSON (`list`) с установленными типами элементов. + * Строковые (`str`) поля с ограничением минимальной и максимальной длины. + * Числа (`int`, `float`) с минимальными и максимальными значениями и т.п. + +* Проверка для более экзотических типов, таких как: + * URL. + * Email. + * UUID. + * ...и другие. + +Все проверки обрабатываются хорошо зарекомендовавшим себя и надежным **Pydantic**. + +### Безопасность и аутентификация + +Встроеные функции безопасности и аутентификации. Без каких-либо компромиссов с базами данных или моделями данных. + +Все схемы безопасности, определённые в OpenAPI, включая: + +* HTTP Basic. +* **OAuth2** (также с **токенами JWT**). Ознакомьтесь с руководством [OAuth2 с JWT](tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. +* Ключи API в: + * Заголовках. + * Параметрах запросов. + * Cookies и т.п. + +Вдобавок все функции безопасности от Starlette (включая **сессионные cookies**). + +Все инструменты и компоненты спроектированы для многократного использования и легко интегрируются с вашими системами, хранилищами данных, реляционными и NoSQL базами данных и т. д. + +### Внедрение зависимостей + +FastAPI включает в себя чрезвычайно простую в использовании, но чрезвычайно мощную систему Внедрения зависимостей. + +* Даже зависимости могут иметь зависимости, создавая иерархию или **"графы" зависимостей**. +* Всё **автоматически обрабатывается** фреймворком. +* Все зависимости могут запрашивать данные из запросов и **дополнять операции пути** ограничениями и автоматической документацией. +* **Автоматическая проверка** даже для параметров *операций пути*, определенных в зависимостях. +* Поддержка сложных систем аутентификации пользователей, **соединений с базами данных** и т.д. +* **Никаких компромиссов** с базами данных, интерфейсами и т.д. Но легкая интеграция со всеми ними. + +### Нет ограничений на "Плагины" + +Или, другими словами, нет сложностей с ними, импортируйте и используйте нужный вам код. + +Любая интеграция разработана настолько простой в использовании (с зависимостями), что вы можете создать "плагин" для своего приложения в пару строк кода, используя ту же структуру и синтаксис, что и для ваших *операций пути*. + +### Проверен + +* 100% покрытие тестами. +* 100% аннотирование типов в кодовой базе. +* Используется в реально работающих приложениях. + +## Основные свойства Starlette + +**FastAPI** основан на Starlette и полностью совместим с ним. Так что, любой дополнительный код Starlette, который у вас есть, будет также работать. + +На самом деле, `FastAPI` - это класс, унаследованный от `Starlette`. Таким образом, если вы уже знаете или используете Starlette, большая часть функционала будет работать так же. + +С **FastAPI** вы получаете все возможности **Starlette** (так как FastAPI это всего лишь Starlette на стероидах): + +* Серьёзно впечатляющая производительность. Это один из самых быстрых фреймворков на Python, наравне с приложениями использующими **NodeJS** или **Go**. +* Поддержка **WebSocket**. +* Фоновые задачи для процессов. +* События запуска и выключения. +* Тестовый клиент построен на библиотеке HTTPX. +* **CORS**, GZip, статические файлы, потоковые ответы. +* Поддержка **сессий и cookie**. +* 100% покрытие тестами. +* 100% аннотирование типов в кодовой базе. + +## Особенности и возможности Pydantic + +**FastAPI** основан на Pydantic и полностью совместим с ним. Так что, любой дополнительный код Pydantic, который у вас есть, будет также работать. + +Включая внешние библиотеки, также основанные на Pydantic, такие как: ORM'ы, ODM'ы для баз данных. + +Это также означает, что во многих случаях вы можете передавать тот же объект, который получили из запроса, **непосредственно в базу данных**, так как всё проверяется автоматически. + +И наоборот, во многих случаях вы можете просто передать объект, полученный из базы данных, **непосредственно клиенту**. + +С **FastAPI** вы получаете все возможности **Pydantic** (так как, FastAPI основан на Pydantic, для обработки данных): + +* **Никакой нервотрёпки** : + * Не нужно изучать новых схем в микроязыках. + * Если вы знаете аннотации типов в Python, вы знаете, как использовать Pydantic. +* Прекрасно сочетается с вашими **IDE/linter/мозгом**: + * Потому что структуры данных pydantic - это всего лишь экземпляры классов, определённых вами. Автодополнение, проверка кода, mypy и ваша интуиция - всё будет работать с вашими проверенными данными. +* **Быстродействие**: + * В тестовых замерах Pydantic быстрее, чем все другие проверенные библиотеки. +* Проверка **сложных структур**: + * Использование иерархических моделей Pydantic; `List`, `Dict` и т.п. из модуля `typing` (входит в стандартную библиотеку Python). + * Валидаторы позволяют четко и легко определять, проверять и документировать сложные схемы данных в виде JSON Schema. + * У вас могут быть глубоко **вложенные объекты JSON** и все они будут проверены и аннотированы. +* **Расширяемость**: + * Pydantic позволяет определять пользовательские типы данных или расширять проверку методами модели, с помощью проверочных декораторов. +* 100% покрытие тестами. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/help-fastapi.md b/docs/ru/docs/help-fastapi.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..65ff768d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/help-fastapi.md @@ -0,0 +1,255 @@ +# Помочь FastAPI - Получить помощь + +Нравится ли Вам **FastAPI**? + +Хотели бы Вы помочь FastAPI, его пользователям и автору? + +Может быть у Вас возникли трудности с **FastAPI** и Вам нужна помощь? + +Есть несколько очень простых способов оказания помощи (иногда достаточно всего лишь одного или двух кликов). + +И также есть несколько способов получить помощь. + +## Подписаться на новостную рассылку + +Вы можете подписаться на редкую [новостную рассылку **FastAPI и его друзья**](/newsletter/){.internal-link target=_blank} и быть в курсе о: + +* Новостях о FastAPI и его друзьях 🚀 +* Руководствах 📝 +* Возможностях ✨ +* Исправлениях 🚨 +* Подсказках и хитростях ✅ + +## Подписаться на FastAPI в Twitter + +Подписаться на @fastapi в **Twitter** для получения наисвежайших новостей о **FastAPI**. 🐦 + +## Добавить **FastAPI** звезду на GitHub + +Вы можете добавить FastAPI "звезду" на GitHub (кликнуть на кнопку звезды в верхнем правом углу экрана): https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. ⭐️ + +Чем больше звёзд, тем легче другим пользователям найти нас и увидеть, что проект уже стал полезным для многих. + +## Отслеживать свежие выпуски в репозитории на GitHub + +Вы можете "отслеживать" FastAPI на GitHub (кликните по кнопке "watch" наверху справа): https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. 👀 + +Там же Вы можете указать в настройках - "Releases only". + +С такой настройкой Вы будете получать уведомления на вашу электронную почту каждый раз, когда появится новый релиз (новая версия) **FastAPI** с исправлениями ошибок и новыми возможностями. + +## Связаться с автором + +Можно связаться со мной (Себястьян Рамирез / `tiangolo`), автором FastAPI. + +Вы можете: + +* Подписаться на меня на **GitHub**. + * Посмотреть другие мои проекты с открытым кодом, которые могут быть полезны Вам. + * Подписавшись на меня Вы сможете получать уведомления, что я создал новый проект с открытым кодом,. +* Подписаться на меня в **Twitter** или в Mastodon. + * Поделиться со мной, как Вы используете FastAPI (я обожаю читать про это). + * Получать уведомления, когда я делаю объявления и представляю новые инструменты. + * Вы также можете подписаться на @fastapi в Twitter (это отдельный аккаунт). +* Подписаться на меня в **Linkedin**. + * Получать уведомления, когда я делаю объявления и представляю новые инструменты (правда чаще всего я использую Twitter 🤷‍♂). +* Читать, что я пишу (или подписаться на меня) в **Dev.to** или в **Medium**. + * Читать другие идеи, статьи и читать об инструментах созданных мной. + * Подпишитесь на меня, чтобы прочитать, когда я опубликую что-нибудь новое. + +## Оставить сообщение в Twitter о **FastAPI** + +Оставьте сообщение в Twitter о **FastAPI** и позвольте мне и другим узнать - почему он Вам нравится. 🎉 + +Я люблю узнавать о том, как **FastAPI** используется, что Вам понравилось в нём, в каких проектах/компаниях Вы используете его и т.п. + +## Оставить голос за FastAPI + +* Голосуйте за **FastAPI** в Slant. +* Голосуйте за **FastAPI** в AlternativeTo. +* Расскажите, как Вы используете **FastAPI** на StackShare. + +## Помочь другим с их проблемами на GitHub + +Вы можете посмотреть, какие проблемы испытывают другие люди и попытаться помочь им. Чаще всего это вопросы, на которые, весьма вероятно, Вы уже знаете ответ. 🤓 + +Если Вы будете много помогать людям с решением их проблем, Вы можете стать официальным [Экспертом FastAPI](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🎉 + +Только помните, самое важное при этом - доброта. Столкнувшись с проблемой, люди расстраиваются и часто задают вопросы не лучшим образом, но постарайтесь быть максимально доброжелательным. 🤗 + +Идея сообщества **FastAPI** в том, чтобы быть добродушным и гостеприимными. Не допускайте издевательств или неуважительного поведения по отношению к другим. Мы должны заботиться друг о друге. + +--- + +Как помочь другим с их проблемами: + +### Понять вопрос + +* Удостоверьтесь, что поняли **цель** и обстоятельства случая вопрошающего. + +* Затем проверьте, что вопрос (в подавляющем большинстве - это вопросы) Вам **ясен**. + +* Во многих случаях вопрос касается решения, которое пользователь придумал сам, но может быть и решение **получше**. Если Вы поймёте проблему и обстоятельства случая, то сможете предложить **альтернативное решение**. + +* Ежели вопрос Вам непонятен, запросите больше **деталей**. + +### Воспроизвести проблему + +В большинстве случаев есть что-то связанное с **исходным кодом** вопрошающего. + +И во многих случаях будет предоставлен только фрагмент этого кода, которого недостаточно для **воспроизведения проблемы**. + +* Попросите предоставить минимальный воспроизводимый пример, который можно **скопировать** и запустить локально дабы увидеть такую же ошибку, или поведение, или лучше понять обстоятельства случая. + +* Если на Вас нахлынуло великодушие, то можете попытаться **создать похожий пример** самостоятельно, основываясь только на описании проблемы. Но имейте в виду, что это может занять много времени и, возможно, стоит сначала позадавать вопросы для прояснения проблемы. + +### Предложить решение + +* После того как Вы поняли вопрос, Вы можете дать **ответ**. + +* Следует понять **основную проблему и обстоятельства случая**, потому что может быть решение лучше, чем то, которое пытались реализовать. + +### Попросить закрыть проблему + +Если Вам ответили, высоки шансы, что Вам удалось решить проблему, поздравляю, **Вы - герой**! 🦸 + +* В таком случае, если вопрос решён, попросите **закрыть проблему**. + +## Отслеживать репозиторий на GitHub + +Вы можете "отслеживать" FastAPI на GitHub (кликните по кнопке "watch" наверху справа): https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. 👀 + +Если Вы выберете "Watching" вместо "Releases only", то будете получать уведомления когда кто-либо попросит о помощи с решением его проблемы. + +Тогда Вы можете попробовать решить эту проблему. + +## Запросить помощь с решением проблемы + +Вы можете создать новый запрос с просьбой о помощи в репозитории на GitHub, например: + +* Задать **вопрос** или попросить помощи в решении **проблемы**. +* Предложить новое **улучшение**. + +**Заметка**: Если Вы создаёте подобные запросы, то я попрошу Вас также оказывать аналогичную помощь другим. 😉 + +## Проверять пул-реквесты + +Вы можете помочь мне проверять пул-реквесты других участников. + +И повторюсь, постарайтесь быть доброжелательным. 🤗 + +--- + +О том, что нужно иметь в виду при проверке пул-реквестов: + +### Понять проблему + +* Во-первых, убедитесь, что **поняли проблему**, которую пул-реквест пытается решить. Для этого может потребоваться продолжительное обсуждение. + +* Также есть вероятность, что пул-реквест не актуален, так как проблему можно решить **другим путём**. В таком случае Вы можете указать на этот факт. + +### Не переживайте о стиле + +* Не стоит слишком беспокоиться о таких вещах, как стиль сообщений в коммитах или количество коммитов. При слиянии пул-реквеста с основной веткой, я буду сжимать и настраивать всё вручную. + +* Также не беспокойтесь о правилах стиля, для проверки сего есть автоматизированные инструменты. + +И если всё же потребуется какой-то другой стиль, я попрошу Вас об этом напрямую или добавлю сам коммиты с необходимыми изменениями. + +### Проверить код + +* Проверьте и прочитайте код, посмотрите, какой он имеет смысл, **запустите его локально** и посмотрите, действительно ли он решает поставленную задачу. + +* Затем, используя **комментарий**, сообщите, что Вы сделали проверку, тогда я буду знать, что Вы действительно проверили код. + +!!! Информация + К сожалению, я не могу так просто доверять пул-реквестам, у которых уже есть несколько одобрений. + + Бывали случаи, что пул-реквесты имели 3, 5 или больше одобрений, вероятно из-за привлекательного описания, но когда я проверял эти пул-реквесты, они оказывались сломаны, содержали ошибки или вовсе не решали проблему, которую, как они утверждали, должны были решить. 😅 + + Потому это действительно важно - проверять и запускать код, и комментарием уведомлять меня, что Вы проделали эти действия. 🤓 + +* Если Вы считаете, что пул-реквест можно упростить, то можете попросить об этом, но не нужно быть слишком придирчивым, может быть много субъективных точек зрения (и у меня тоже будет своя 🙈), поэтому будет лучше, если Вы сосредоточитесь на фундаментальных вещах. + +### Тестировать + +* Помогите мне проверить, что у пул-реквеста есть **тесты**. + +* Проверьте, что тесты **падали** до пул-реквеста. 🚨 + +* Затем проверьте, что тесты **не валятся** после пул-реквеста. ✅ + +* Многие пул-реквесты не имеют тестов, Вы можете **напомнить** о необходимости добавления тестов или даже **предложить** какие-либо свои тесты. Это одна из тех вещей, которые отнимают много времени и Вы можете помочь с этим. + +* Затем добавьте комментарий, что Вы испробовали в ходе проверки. Таким образом я буду знать, как Вы произвели проверку. 🤓 + +## Создать пул-реквест + +Вы можете [сделать вклад](contributing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} в код фреймворка используя пул-реквесты, например: + +* Исправить опечатку, которую Вы нашли в документации. +* Поделиться статьёй, видео или подкастом о FastAPI, которые Вы создали или нашли изменив этот файл. + * Убедитесь, что Вы добавили свою ссылку в начало соответствующего раздела. +* Помочь с [переводом документации](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank} на Ваш язык. + * Вы также можете проверять переводы сделанные другими. +* Предложить новые разделы документации. +* Исправить существующуе проблемы/баги. + * Убедитесь, что добавили тесты. +* Добавить новую возможность. + * Убедитесь, что добавили тесты. + * Убедитесь, что добавили документацию, если она необходима. + +## Помочь поддерживать FastAPI + +Помогите мне поддерживать **FastAPI**! 🤓 + +Предстоит ещё много работы и, по большей части, **ВЫ** можете её сделать. + +Основные задачи, которые Вы можете выполнить прямо сейчас: + +* [Помочь другим с их проблемами на GitHub](#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} (смотрите вышестоящую секцию). +* [Проверить пул-реквесты](#review-pull-requests){.internal-link target=_blank} (смотрите вышестоящую секцию). + +Эти две задачи **отнимают больше всего времени**. Это основная работа по поддержке FastAPI. + +Если Вы можете помочь мне с этим, **Вы помогаете поддерживать FastAPI** и следить за тем, чтобы он продолжал **развиваться быстрее и лучше**. 🚀 + +## Подключиться к чату + +Подключайтесь к 👥 чату в Discord 👥 и общайтесь с другими участниками сообщества FastAPI. + +!!! Подсказка + Вопросы по проблемам с фреймворком лучше задавать в GitHub issues, так больше шансов, что Вы получите помощь от [Экспертов FastAPI](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. + + Используйте этот чат только для бесед на отвлечённые темы. + +### Не использовать чаты для вопросов + +Имейте в виду, что чаты позволяют больше "свободного общения", потому там легко задавать вопросы, которые слишком общие и на которые труднее ответить, так что Вы можете не получить нужные Вам ответы. + +В разделе "проблемы" на GitHub, есть шаблон, который поможет Вам написать вопрос правильно, чтобы Вам было легче получить хороший ответ или даже решить проблему самостоятельно, прежде чем Вы зададите вопрос. В GitHub я могу быть уверен, что всегда отвечаю на всё, даже если это займет какое-то время. И я не могу сделать то же самое в чатах. 😅 + +Кроме того, общение в чатах не так легкодоступно для поиска, как в GitHub, потому вопросы и ответы могут потеряться среди другого общения. И только проблемы решаемые на GitHub учитываются в получении лычки [Эксперт FastAPI](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}, так что весьма вероятно, что Вы получите больше внимания на GitHub. + +С другой стороны, в чатах тысячи пользователей, а значит есть большие шансы в любое время найти там кого-то, с кем можно поговорить. 😄 + +## Спонсировать автора + +Вы также можете оказать мне финансовую поддержку посредством спонсорства через GitHub. + +Там можно просто купить мне кофе ☕️ в знак благодарности. 😄 + +А ещё Вы можете стать Серебряным или Золотым спонсором для FastAPI. 🏅🎉 + +## Спонсировать инструменты, на которых зиждется мощь FastAPI + +Как Вы могли заметить в документации, FastAPI опирается на плечи титанов: Starlette и Pydantic. + +Им тоже можно оказать спонсорскую поддержку: + +* Samuel Colvin (Pydantic) +* Encode (Starlette, Uvicorn) + +--- + +Благодарствую! 🚀 diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/history-design-future.md b/docs/ru/docs/history-design-future.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2a5e428b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/history-design-future.md @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +# История создания и дальнейшее развитие + +Однажды, один из пользователей **FastAPI** задал вопрос: + +> Какова история этого проекта? Создаётся впечатление, что он явился из ниоткуда и завоевал мир за несколько недель [...] + +Что ж, вот небольшая часть истории проекта. + +## Альтернативы + +В течение нескольких лет я, возглавляя различные команды разработчиков, создавал довольно сложные API для машинного обучения, распределённых систем, асинхронных задач, баз данных NoSQL и т.д. + +В рамках работы над этими проектами я исследовал, проверял и использовал многие фреймворки. + +Во многом история **FastAPI** - история его предшественников. + +Как написано в разделе [Альтернативы](alternatives.md){.internal-link target=_blank}: + +
+ +**FastAPI** не существовал бы, если б не было более ранних работ других людей. + +Они создали большое количество инструментов, которые и вдохновили меня на создание **FastAPI**. + +Я всячески избегал создания нового фреймворка в течение нескольких лет. Сначала я пытался собрать все нужные возможности, которые ныне есть в **FastAPI**, используя множество различных фреймворков, плагинов и инструментов. + +Но в какой-то момент не осталось другого выбора, кроме как создать что-то, что предоставляло бы все эти возможности сразу. Взять самые лучшие идеи из предыдущих инструментов и, используя введённые в Python подсказки типов (которых не было до версии 3.6), объединить их. + +
+ +## Исследования + +Благодаря опыту использования существующих альтернатив, мы с коллегами изучили их основные идеи и скомбинировали собранные знания наилучшим образом. + +Например, стало ясно, что необходимо брать за основу стандартные подсказки типов Python, а самым лучшим подходом является использование уже существующих стандартов. + +Итак, прежде чем приступить к написанию **FastAPI**, я потратил несколько месяцев на изучение OpenAPI, JSON Schema, OAuth2, и т.п. для понимания их взаимосвязей, совпадений и различий. + +## Дизайн + +Затем я потратил некоторое время на придумывание "API" разработчика, который я хотел иметь как пользователь (как разработчик, использующий FastAPI). + +Я проверил несколько идей на самых популярных редакторах кода среди Python-разработчиков: PyCharm, VS Code, Jedi. + +Данные по редакторам я взял из опроса Python-разработчиков, который охватываает около 80% пользователей. + +Это означает, что **FastAPI** был специально проверен на редакторах, используемых 80% Python-разработчиками. И поскольку большинство других редакторов, как правило, работают аналогичным образом, все его преимущества должны работать практически для всех редакторов. + +Таким образом, я смог найти наилучшие способы сократить дублирование кода, обеспечить повсеместное автодополнение, проверку типов и ошибок и т.д. + +И все это, чтобы все пользователи могли получать наилучший опыт разработки. + +## Зависимости + +Протестировав несколько вариантов, я решил, что в качестве основы буду использовать **Pydantic** и его преимущества. + +По моим предложениям был изменён код этого фреймворка, чтобы сделать его полностью совместимым с JSON Schema, поддержать различные способы определения ограничений и улучшить помощь редакторов (проверки типов, автозаполнение). + +В то же время, я принимал участие в разработке **Starlette**, ещё один из основных компонентов FastAPI. + +## Разработка + +К тому времени, когда я начал создавать **FastAPI**, большинство необходимых деталей уже существовало, дизайн был определён, зависимости и прочие инструменты были готовы, а знания о стандартах и спецификациях были четкими и свежими. + +## Будущее + +Сейчас уже ясно, что **FastAPI** со своими идеями стал полезен многим людям. + +При сравнении с альтернативами, выбор падает на него, поскольку он лучше подходит для множества вариантов использования. + +Многие разработчики и команды уже используют **FastAPI** в своих проектах (включая меня и мою команду). + +Но, тем не менее, грядёт добавление ещё многих улучшений и возможностей. + +У **FastAPI** великое будущее. + +И [ваш вклад в это](help-fastapi.md){.internal-link target=_blank} - очень ценнен. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/index.md b/docs/ru/docs/index.md index 0c2506b87..6c99f623d 100644 --- a/docs/ru/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/ru/docs/index.md @@ -1,50 +1,48 @@ - -{!../../../docs/missing-translation.md!} - -

FastAPI

- FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production + Готовый к внедрению высокопроизводительный фреймворк, простой в изучении и разработке.

- - Build Status + + Test - Coverage + Coverage - Package version + Package version + + + Supported Python versions

--- -**Documentation**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com +**Документация**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com -**Source Code**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi +**Исходный код**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi --- -FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints. +FastAPI — это современный, быстрый (высокопроизводительный) веб-фреймворк для создания API используя Python 3.8+, в основе которого лежит стандартная аннотация типов Python. -The key features are: +Ключевые особенности: -* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance). +* **Скорость**: Очень высокая производительность, на уровне **NodeJS** и **Go** (благодаря Starlette и Pydantic). [Один из самых быстрых фреймворков Python](#_10). +* **Быстрота разработки**: Увеличьте скорость разработки примерно на 200–300%. * +* **Меньше ошибок**: Сократите примерно на 40% количество ошибок, вызванных человеком (разработчиком). * +* **Интуитивно понятный**: Отличная поддержка редактора. Автозавершение везде. Меньше времени на отладку. +* **Лёгкость**: Разработан так, чтобы его было легко использовать и осваивать. Меньше времени на чтение документации. +* **Краткость**: Сведите к минимуму дублирование кода. Каждый объявленный параметр - определяет несколько функций. Меньше ошибок. +* **Надежность**: Получите готовый к работе код. С автоматической интерактивной документацией. +* **На основе стандартов**: Основан на открытых стандартах API и полностью совместим с ними: OpenAPI (ранее известном как Swagger) и JSON Schema. -* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * -* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. * -* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. Completion everywhere. Less time debugging. -* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs. -* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs. -* **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation. -* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: OpenAPI (previously known as Swagger) and JSON Schema. +* оценка на основе тестов внутренней команды разработчиков, создающих производственные приложения. -* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications. - -## Sponsors +## Спонсоры @@ -59,66 +57,66 @@ The key features are: -Other sponsors +Другие спонсоры -## Opinions +## Отзывы -"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._" +"_В последнее время я много где использую **FastAPI**. [...] На самом деле я планирую использовать его для всех **сервисов машинного обучения моей команды в Microsoft**. Некоторые из них интегрируются в основной продукт **Windows**, а некоторые — в продукты **Office**._"
Kabir Khan - Microsoft (ref)
--- -"_We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]_" +"_Мы использовали библиотеку **FastAPI** для создания сервера **REST**, к которому можно делать запросы для получения **прогнозов**. [для Ludwig]_"
Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - Uber (ref)
--- -"_**Netflix** is pleased to announce the open-source release of our **crisis management** orchestration framework: **Dispatch**! [built with **FastAPI**]_" +"_**Netflix** рада объявить о выпуске опенсорсного фреймворка для оркестровки **антикризисного управления**: **Dispatch**! [создана с помощью **FastAPI**]_"
Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - Netflix (ref)
--- -"_I’m over the moon excited about **FastAPI**. It’s so fun!_" +"_Я в полном восторге от **FastAPI**. Это так весело!_"
Brian Okken - Python Bytes podcast host (ref)
--- -"_Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that._" +"_Честно говоря, то, что вы создали, выглядит очень солидно и отполировано. Во многих смыслах я хотел, чтобы **Hug** был именно таким — это действительно вдохновляет, когда кто-то создаёт такое._"
Timothy Crosley - Hug creator (ref)
--- -"_If you're looking to learn one **modern framework** for building REST APIs, check out **FastAPI** [...] It's fast, easy to use and easy to learn [...]_" +"_Если вы хотите изучить какой-нибудь **современный фреймворк** для создания REST API, ознакомьтесь с **FastAPI** [...] Он быстрый, лёгкий и простой в изучении [...]_" -"_We've switched over to **FastAPI** for our **APIs** [...] I think you'll like it [...]_" +"_Мы перешли на **FastAPI** для наших **API** [...] Я думаю, вам тоже понравится [...]_"
Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - Explosion AI founders - spaCy creators (ref) - (ref)
--- -## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs +## **Typer**, интерфейс командной строки для FastAPI -If you are building a CLI app to be used in the terminal instead of a web API, check out **Typer**. +Если вы создаете приложение CLI для использования в терминале вместо веб-API, ознакомьтесь с **Typer**. -**Typer** is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the **FastAPI of CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀 +**Typer** — младший брат FastAPI. И он предназначен для использования в качестве **интерфейса командной строки для FastAPI**. ⌨️ 🚀 -## Requirements +## Зависимости -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.8+ -FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: +FastAPI стоит на плечах гигантов: -* Starlette for the web parts. -* Pydantic for the data parts. +* Starlette для части связанной с вебом. +* Pydantic для части связанной с данными. -## Installation +## Установка
@@ -130,26 +128,26 @@ $ pip install fastapi
-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn. +Вам также понадобится сервер ASGI для производства, такой как Uvicorn или Hypercorn.
```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ```
-## Example +## Пример -### Create it +### Создание -* Create a file `main.py` with: +* Создайте файл `main.py` со следующим содержимым: ```Python -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -162,17 +160,17 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ```
-Or use async def... +Или используйте async def... -If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`: +Если ваш код использует `async` / `await`, используйте `async def`: ```Python hl_lines="9 14" -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -185,19 +183,19 @@ async def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` -**Note**: +**Примечание**: -If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about `async` and `await` in the docs. +Если вы не знаете, проверьте раздел _"Торопитесь?"_ в документации об `async` и `await`.
-### Run it +### Запуск -Run the server with: +Запустите сервер с помощью:
@@ -214,57 +212,57 @@ INFO: Application startup complete.
-About the command uvicorn main:app --reload... +О команде uvicorn main:app --reload... -The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to: +Команда `uvicorn main:app` относится к: -* `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module"). -* `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`. -* `--reload`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development. +* `main`: файл `main.py` (модуль Python). +* `app`: объект, созданный внутри `main.py` с помощью строки `app = FastAPI()`. +* `--reload`: перезапуск сервера после изменения кода. Делайте это только во время разработки.
-### Check it +### Проверка -Open your browser at http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. +Откройте браузер на http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. -You will see the JSON response as: +Вы увидите следующий JSON ответ: ```JSON {"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} ``` -You already created an API that: +Вы уже создали API, который: -* Receives HTTP requests in the _paths_ `/` and `/items/{item_id}`. -* Both _paths_ take `GET` operations (also known as HTTP _methods_). -* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has a _path parameter_ `item_id` that should be an `int`. -* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has an optional `str` _query parameter_ `q`. +* Получает HTTP-запросы по _путям_ `/` и `/items/{item_id}`. +* И первый и второй _путь_ используют `GET` операции (также известные как HTTP _методы_). +* _путь_ `/items/{item_id}` имеет _параметр пути_ `item_id`, который должен быть `int`. +* _путь_ `/items/{item_id}` имеет необязательный `str` _параметр запроса_ `q`. -### Interactive API docs +### Интерактивная документация по API -Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. +Перейдите на http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. -You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by Swagger UI): +Вы увидите автоматическую интерактивную документацию API (предоставленную Swagger UI): ![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) -### Alternative API docs +### Альтернативная документация по API -And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. +А теперь перейдите на http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. -You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by ReDoc): +Вы увидите альтернативную автоматическую документацию (предоставленную ReDoc): ![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) -## Example upgrade +## Пример обновления -Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request. +Теперь измените файл `main.py`, чтобы получить тело ответа из `PUT` запроса. -Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic. +Объявите тело, используя стандартную типизацию Python, спасибо Pydantic. ```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -275,7 +273,7 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str price: float - is_offer: Optional[bool] = None + is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None @app.get("/") @@ -284,7 +282,7 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} @@ -293,175 +291,172 @@ def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} ``` -The server should reload automatically (because you added `--reload` to the `uvicorn` command above). +Сервер должен перезагрузиться автоматически (потому что вы добавили `--reload` к команде `uvicorn` выше). -### Interactive API docs upgrade +### Интерактивное обновление документации API -Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. +Перейдите на http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. -* The interactive API documentation will be automatically updated, including the new body: +* Интерактивная документация API будет автоматически обновляться, включая новое тело: ![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) -* Click on the button "Try it out", it allows you to fill the parameters and directly interact with the API: +* Нажмите на кнопку "Try it out", это позволит вам заполнить параметры и напрямую взаимодействовать с API: ![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) -* Then click on the "Execute" button, the user interface will communicate with your API, send the parameters, get the results and show them on the screen: +* Затем нажмите кнопку "Execute", пользовательский интерфейс свяжется с вашим API, отправит параметры, получит результаты и отобразит их на экране: ![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) -### Alternative API docs upgrade +### Альтернативное обновление документации API -And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. +А теперь перейдите на http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. -* The alternative documentation will also reflect the new query parameter and body: +* Альтернативная документация также будет отражать новый параметр и тело запроса: ![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) -### Recap +### Подведём итоги -In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters. +Таким образом, вы объявляете **один раз** типы параметров, тело и т. д. в качестве параметров функции. -You do that with standard modern Python types. +Вы делаете это используя стандартную современную типизацию Python. -You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc. +Вам не нужно изучать новый синтаксис, методы или классы конкретной библиотеки и т. д. -Just standard **Python 3.6+**. +Только стандартный **Python 3.8+**. -For example, for an `int`: +Например, для `int`: ```Python item_id: int ``` -or for a more complex `Item` model: +или для более сложной модели `Item`: ```Python item: Item ``` -...and with that single declaration you get: +... и с этим единственным объявлением вы получаете: -* Editor support, including: - * Completion. - * Type checks. -* Validation of data: - * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid. - * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects. -* Conversion of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from: +* Поддержка редактора, в том числе: + * Автозавершение. + * Проверка типов. +* Валидация данных: + * Автоматические и четкие ошибки, когда данные недействительны. + * Проверка даже для глубоко вложенных объектов JSON. +* Преобразование входных данных: поступающие из сети в объекты Python с соблюдением типов. Чтение из: * JSON. - * Path parameters. - * Query parameters. + * Параметров пути. + * Параметров запроса. * Cookies. - * Headers. - * Forms. - * Files. -* Conversion of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON): - * Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc). - * `datetime` objects. - * `UUID` objects. - * Database models. - * ...and many more. -* Automatic interactive API documentation, including 2 alternative user interfaces: + * Заголовков. + * Форм. + * Файлов. +* Преобразование выходных данных: преобразование объектов Python в данные передаваемые по сети интернет (такие как JSON): + * Преобразование типов Python (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, и т.д.). + * Объекты `datetime`. + * Объекты `UUID`. + * Модели баз данных. + * ...и многое другое. +* Автоматическая интерактивная документация по API, включая 2 альтернативных пользовательских интерфейса: * Swagger UI. * ReDoc. --- -Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will: +Возвращаясь к предыдущему примеру кода, **FastAPI** будет: -* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests. -* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests. - * If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error. -* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests. - * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional. - * Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`). -* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, Read the body as JSON: - * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`. - * Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`. - * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present. - * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects. -* Convert from and to JSON automatically. -* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by: - * Interactive documentation systems. - * Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages. -* Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly. +* Проверять наличие `item_id` в пути для запросов `GET` и `PUT`. +* Проверять, что `item_id` имеет тип `int` для запросов `GET` и `PUT`. + * Если это не так, клиент увидит полезную чёткую ошибку. +* Проверять, есть ли необязательный параметр запроса с именем `q` (например, `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) для `GET` запросов. + * Поскольку параметр `q` объявлен с `= None`, он является необязательным. + * Без `None` он был бы необходим (как тело в случае с `PUT`). +* Для `PUT` запросов к `/items/{item_id}` читать тело как JSON: + * Проверять, что у него есть обязательный атрибут `name`, который должен быть `str`. + * Проверять, что у него есть обязательный атрибут `price`, который должен быть `float`. + * Проверять, что у него есть необязательный атрибут `is_offer`, который должен быть `bool`, если он присутствует. + * Все это также будет работать для глубоко вложенных объектов JSON. +* Преобразовывать из и в JSON автоматически. +* Документировать с помощью OpenAPI все, что может быть использовано: + * Системы интерактивной документации. + * Системы автоматической генерации клиентского кода для многих языков. +* Обеспечит 2 интерактивных веб-интерфейса документации напрямую. --- -We just scratched the surface, but you already get the idea of how it all works. +Мы только немного копнули поверхность, но вы уже поняли, как все это работает. -Try changing the line with: +Попробуйте изменить строку с помощью: ```Python return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} ``` -...from: +...из: ```Python ... "item_name": item.name ... ``` -...to: +...в: ```Python ... "item_price": item.price ... ``` -...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types: +... и посмотрите, как ваш редактор будет автоматически заполнять атрибуты и узнавать их типы: ![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) -For a more complete example including more features, see the Tutorial - User Guide. +Более полный пример с дополнительными функциями см. в Учебное руководство - Руководство пользователя. -**Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes: +**Осторожно, спойлер**: руководство пользователя включает в себя: -* Declaration of **parameters** from other different places as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**. -* How to set **validation constraints** as `maximum_length` or `regex`. -* A very powerful and easy to use **Dependency Injection** system. -* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth. -* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic). -* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as: - * **WebSockets** - * **GraphQL** - * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest` +* Объявление **параметров** из других мест, таких как: **заголовки**, **cookies**, **поля формы** и **файлы**. +* Как установить **ограничительные проверки** такие как `maximum_length` или `regex`. +* Очень мощная и простая в использовании система **внедрения зависимостей**. +* Безопасность и аутентификация, включая поддержку **OAuth2** с **токенами JWT** и **HTTP Basic** аутентификацию. +* Более продвинутые (но столь же простые) методы объявления **глубоко вложенных моделей JSON** (спасибо Pydantic). +* **GraphQL** интеграция с Strawberry и другими библиотеками. +* Множество дополнительных функций (благодаря Starlette), таких как: + * **Веб-сокеты** + * очень простые тесты на основе HTTPX и `pytest` * **CORS** - * **Cookie Sessions** - * ...and more. + * **Cookie сеансы(сессии)** + * ...и многое другое. -## Performance +## Производительность -Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as one of the fastest Python frameworks available, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*) +Независимые тесты TechEmpower показывают приложения **FastAPI**, работающие под управлением Uvicorn, как один из самых быстрых доступных фреймворков Python, уступающий только самим Starlette и Uvicorn (используемых внутри FastAPI). (*) -To understand more about it, see the section Benchmarks. +Чтобы узнать больше об этом, см. раздел Тесты производительности. -## Optional Dependencies +## Необязательные зависимости -Used by Pydantic: +Используется Pydantic: -* ujson - for faster JSON "parsing". -* email_validator - for email validation. +* email_validator - для проверки электронной почты. -Used by Starlette: +Используется Starlette: -* requests - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. -* aiofiles - Required if you want to use `FileResponse` or `StaticFiles`. -* jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. -* python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with `request.form()`. -* itsdangerous - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support. -* pyyaml - Required for Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI). -* graphene - Required for `GraphQLApp` support. -* ujson - Required if you want to use `UJSONResponse`. +* HTTPX - Обязательно, если вы хотите использовать `TestClient`. +* jinja2 - Обязательно, если вы хотите использовать конфигурацию шаблона по умолчанию. +* python-multipart - Обязательно, если вы хотите поддерживать форму "парсинга" с помощью `request.form()`. +* itsdangerous - Обязательно, для поддержки `SessionMiddleware`. +* pyyaml - Обязательно, для поддержки `SchemaGenerator` Starlette (возможно, вам это не нужно с FastAPI). +* ujson - Обязательно, если вы хотите использовать `UJSONResponse`. -Used by FastAPI / Starlette: +Используется FastAPI / Starlette: -* uvicorn - for the server that loads and serves your application. -* orjson - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`. +* uvicorn - сервер, который загружает и обслуживает ваше приложение. +* orjson - Обязательно, если вы хотите использовать `ORJSONResponse`. -You can install all of these with `pip install fastapi[all]`. +Вы можете установить все это с помощью `pip install "fastapi[all]"`. -## License +## Лицензия -This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license. +Этот проект распространяется на условиях лицензии MIT. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/learn/index.md b/docs/ru/docs/learn/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b2e4cabc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/learn/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# Обучение + +Здесь представлены вводные разделы и учебные пособия для изучения **FastAPI**. + +Вы можете считать это **книгой**, **курсом**, **официальным** и рекомендуемым способом изучения FastAPI. 😎 diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/project-generation.md b/docs/ru/docs/project-generation.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..76253d6f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/project-generation.md @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +# Генераторы проектов - Шаблоны + +Чтобы начать работу быстрее, Вы можете использовать "генераторы проектов", в которые включены множество начальных настроек для функций безопасности, баз данных и некоторые эндпоинты API. + +В генераторе проектов всегда будут предустановлены какие-то настройки, которые Вам следует обновить и подогнать под свои нужды, но это может быть хорошей отправной точкой для Вашего проекта. + +## Full Stack FastAPI PostgreSQL + +GitHub: https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql + +### Full Stack FastAPI PostgreSQL - Особенности + +* Полностью интегрирован с **Docker** (основан на Docker). +* Развёртывается в режиме Docker Swarm. +* Интегрирован с **Docker Compose** и оптимизирован для локальной разработки. +* **Готовый к реальной работе** веб-сервер Python использующий Uvicorn и Gunicorn. +* Бэкенд построен на фреймворке **FastAPI**: + * **Быстрый**: Высокопроизводительный, на уровне **NodeJS** и **Go** (благодаря Starlette и Pydantic). + * **Интуитивно понятный**: Отличная поддержка редактора. Автодополнение кода везде. Меньше времени на отладку. + * **Простой**: Разработан так, чтоб быть простым в использовании и изучении. Меньше времени на чтение документации. + * **Лаконичный**: Минимизировано повторение кода. Каждый объявленный параметр определяет несколько функций. + * **Надёжный**: Получите готовый к работе код. С автоматической интерактивной документацией. + * **Стандартизированный**: Основан на открытых стандартах API (OpenAPI и JSON Schema) и полностью совместим с ними. + * **Множество других возможностей** включая автоматическую проверку и сериализацию данных, интерактивную документацию, аутентификацию с помощью OAuth2 JWT-токенов и т.д. +* **Безопасное хранение паролей**, которые хэшируются по умолчанию. +* Аутентификация посредством **JWT-токенов**. +* Модели **SQLAlchemy** (независящие от расширений Flask, а значит могут быть непосредственно использованы процессами Celery). +* Базовая модель пользователя (измените или удалите её по необходимости). +* **Alembic** для организации миграций. +* **CORS** (Совместное использование ресурсов из разных источников). +* **Celery**, процессы которого могут выборочно импортировать и использовать модели и код из остальной части бэкенда. +* Тесты, на основе **Pytest**, интегрированные в Docker, чтобы Вы могли полностью проверить Ваше API, независимо от базы данных. Так как тесты запускаются в Docker, для них может создаваться новое хранилище данных каждый раз (Вы можете, по своему желанию, использовать ElasticSearch, MongoDB, CouchDB или другую СУБД, только лишь для проверки - будет ли Ваше API работать с этим хранилищем). +* Простая интеграция Python с **Jupyter Kernels** для разработки удалённо или в Docker с расширениями похожими на Atom Hydrogen или Visual Studio Code Jupyter. +* Фронтенд построен на фреймворке **Vue**: + * Сгенерирован с помощью Vue CLI. + * Поддерживает **аутентификацию с помощью JWT-токенов**. + * Страница логина. + * Перенаправление на страницу главной панели мониторинга после логина. + * Главная страница мониторинга с возможностью создания и изменения пользователей. + * Пользователь может изменять свои данные. + * **Vuex**. + * **Vue-router**. + * **Vuetify** для конструирования красивых компонентов страниц. + * **TypeScript**. + * Сервер Docker основан на **Nginx** (настроен для удобной работы с Vue-router). + * Многоступенчатая сборка Docker, то есть Вам не нужно сохранять или коммитить скомпилированный код. + * Тесты фронтенда запускаются во время сборки (можно отключить). + * Сделан настолько модульно, насколько возможно, поэтому работает "из коробки", но Вы можете повторно сгенерировать фронтенд с помощью Vue CLI или создать то, что Вам нужно и повторно использовать то, что захотите. +* **PGAdmin** для СУБД PostgreSQL, которые легко можно заменить на PHPMyAdmin и MySQL. +* **Flower** для отслеживания работы Celery. +* Балансировка нагрузки между фронтендом и бэкендом с помощью **Traefik**, а значит, Вы можете расположить их на одном домене, разделив url-пути, так как они обслуживаются разными контейнерами. +* Интеграция с Traefik включает автоматическую генерацию сертификатов Let's Encrypt для поддержки протокола **HTTPS**. +* GitLab **CI** (непрерывная интеграция), которая включает тестирование фронтенда и бэкенда. + +## Full Stack FastAPI Couchbase + +GitHub: https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-couchbase + +⚠️ **ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ** ⚠️ + +Если Вы начинаете новый проект, ознакомьтесь с представленными здесь альтернативами. + +Например, генератор проектов Full Stack FastAPI PostgreSQL может быть более подходящей альтернативой, так как он активно поддерживается и используется. И он включает в себя все новые возможности и улучшения. + +Но никто не запрещает Вам использовать генератор с СУБД Couchbase, возможно, он всё ещё работает нормально. Или у Вас уже есть проект, созданный с помощью этого генератора ранее, и Вы, вероятно, уже обновили его в соответствии со своими потребностями. + +Вы можете прочитать о нём больше в документации соответствующего репозитория. + +## Full Stack FastAPI MongoDB + +...может быть когда-нибудь появится, в зависимости от наличия у меня свободного времени и прочих факторов. 😅 🎉 + +## Модели машинного обучения на основе spaCy и FastAPI + +GitHub: https://github.com/microsoft/cookiecutter-spacy-fastapi + +### Модели машинного обучения на основе spaCy и FastAPI - Особенности + +* Интеграция с моделями **spaCy** NER. +* Встроенный формат запросов к **когнитивному поиску Azure**. +* **Готовый к реальной работе** веб-сервер Python использующий Uvicorn и Gunicorn. +* Встроенное развёртывание на основе **Azure DevOps** Kubernetes (AKS) CI/CD. +* **Многоязычность**. Лёгкий выбор одного из встроенных в spaCy языков во время настройки проекта. +* **Легко подключить** модели из других фреймворков (Pytorch, Tensorflow) не ограничиваясь spaCy. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/python-types.md b/docs/ru/docs/python-types.md index 99670363c..7523083c8 100644 --- a/docs/ru/docs/python-types.md +++ b/docs/ru/docs/python-types.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Введение в аннотации типов Python -Python имеет поддержку необязательных аннотаций типов. +Python имеет поддержку необязательных аннотаций типов. **Аннотации типов** являются специальным синтаксисом, который позволяет определять тип переменной. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..73ba860bc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +# Фоновые задачи + +Вы можете создавать фоновые задачи, которые будут выполнятся *после* возвращения ответа сервером. + +Это может быть полезно для функций, которые должны выполниться после получения запроса, но ожидание их выполнения необязательно для пользователя. + +К примеру: + +* Отправка писем на почту после выполнения каких-либо действий: + * Т.к. соединение с почтовым сервером и отправка письма идут достаточно "долго" (несколько секунд), вы можете отправить ответ пользователю, а отправку письма выполнить в фоне. +* Обработка данных: + * К примеру, если вы получаете файл, который должен пройти через медленный процесс, вы можете отправить ответ "Accepted" (HTTP 202) и отправить работу с файлом в фон. + +## Использование класса `BackgroundTasks` + +Сначала импортируйте `BackgroundTasks`, потом добавьте в функцию параметр с типом `BackgroundTasks`: + +```Python hl_lines="1 13" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +**FastAPI** создаст объект класса `BackgroundTasks` для вас и запишет его в параметр. + +## Создание функции для фоновой задачи + +Создайте функцию, которую хотите запустить в фоне. + +Это совершенно обычная функция, которая может принимать параметры. + +Она может быть как асинхронной `async def`, так и обычной `def` функцией, **FastAPI** знает, как правильно ее выполнить. + +В нашем примере фоновая задача будет вести запись в файл (симулируя отправку письма). + +Так как операция записи не использует `async` и `await`, мы определим ее как обычную `def`: + +```Python hl_lines="6-9" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## Добавление фоновой задачи + +Внутри функции вызовите метод `.add_task()` у объекта *background tasks* и передайте ему функцию, которую хотите выполнить в фоне: + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`.add_task()` принимает следующие аргументы: + +* Функцию, которая будет выполнена в фоне (`write_notification`). Обратите внимание, что передается объект функции, без скобок. +* Любое упорядоченное количество аргументов, которые принимает функция (`email`). +* Любое количество именованных аргументов, которые принимает функция (`message="some notification"`). + +## Встраивание зависимостей + +Класс `BackgroundTasks` также работает с системой встраивания зависимостей, вы можете определить `BackgroundTasks` на разных уровнях: как параметр функции, как завимость, как подзависимость и так далее. + +**FastAPI** знает, что нужно сделать в каждом случае и как переиспользовать тот же объект `BackgroundTasks`, так чтобы все фоновые задачи собрались и запустились вместе в фоне: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11 13 20 23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="13 15 22 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +В этом примере сообщения будут записаны в `log.txt` *после* того, как ответ сервера был отправлен. + +Если бы в запрос был передан query-параметр `q`, он бы первыми записался в `log.txt` фоновой задачей (потому что вызывается в зависимости `get_query`). + +После другая фоновая задача, которая была сгенерирована в функции, запишет сообщение из параметра `email`. + +## Технические детали + +Класс `BackgroundTasks` основан на `starlette.background`. + +Он интегрирован в FastAPI, так что вы можете импортировать его прямо из `fastapi` и избежать случайного импорта `BackgroundTask` (без `s` на конце) из `starlette.background`. + +При использовании `BackgroundTasks` (а не `BackgroundTask`), вам достаточно только определить параметр функции с типом `BackgroundTasks` и **FastAPI** сделает все за вас, также как при использовании объекта `Request`. + +Вы все равно можете использовать `BackgroundTask` из `starlette` в FastAPI, но вам придется самостоятельно создавать объект фоновой задачи и вручную обработать `Response` внутри него. + +Вы можете подробнее изучить его в Официальной документации Starlette для BackgroundTasks. + +## Предостережение + +Если вам нужно выполнить тяжелые вычисления в фоне, которым необязательно быть запущенными в одном процессе с приложением **FastAPI** (к примеру, вам не нужны обрабатываемые переменные или вы не хотите делиться памятью процесса и т.д.), вы можете использовать более серьезные инструменты, такие как Celery. + +Их тяжелее настраивать, также им нужен брокер сообщений наподобие RabbitMQ или Redis, но зато они позволяют вам запускать фоновые задачи в нескольких процессах и даже на нескольких серверах. + +Для примера, посмотрите [Project Generators](../project-generation.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, там есть проект с уже настроенным Celery. + +Но если вам нужен доступ к общим переменным и объектам вашего **FastAPI** приложения или вам нужно выполнять простые фоновые задачи (наподобие отправки письма из примера) вы можете просто использовать `BackgroundTasks`. + +## Резюме + +Для создания фоновых задач вам необходимо импортировать `BackgroundTasks` и добавить его в функцию, как параметр с типом `BackgroundTasks`. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..02a598004 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +# Body - Поля + +Таким же способом, как вы объявляете дополнительную валидацию и метаданные в параметрах *функции обработки пути* с помощью функций `Query`, `Path` и `Body`, вы можете объявлять валидацию и метаданные внутри Pydantic моделей, используя функцию `Field` из Pydantic. + +## Импорт `Field` + +Сначала вы должны импортировать его: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="2" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +!!! warning "Внимание" + Обратите внимание, что функция `Field` импортируется непосредственно из `pydantic`, а не из `fastapi`, как все остальные функции (`Query`, `Path`, `Body` и т.д.). + +## Объявление атрибутов модели + +Вы можете использовать функцию `Field` с атрибутами модели: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11-14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +Функция `Field` работает так же, как `Query`, `Path` и `Body`, у неё такие же параметры и т.д. + +!!! note "Технические детали" + На самом деле, `Query`, `Path` и другие функции, которые вы увидите в дальнейшем, создают объекты подклассов общего класса `Param`, который сам по себе является подклассом `FieldInfo` из Pydantic. + + И `Field` (из Pydantic), и `Body`, оба возвращают объекты подкласса `FieldInfo`. + + У класса `Body` есть и другие подклассы, с которыми вы ознакомитесь позже. + + Помните, что когда вы импортируете `Query`, `Path` и другое из `fastapi`, это фактически функции, которые возвращают специальные классы. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Обратите внимание, что каждый атрибут модели с типом, значением по умолчанию и `Field` имеет ту же структуру, что и параметр *функции обработки пути* с `Field` вместо `Path`, `Query` и `Body`. + +## Добавление дополнительной информации + +Вы можете объявлять дополнительную информацию в `Field`, `Query`, `Body` и т.п. Она будет включена в сгенерированную JSON схему. + +Вы узнаете больше о добавлении дополнительной информации позже в документации, когда будете изучать, как задавать примеры принимаемых данных. + + +!!! warning "Внимание" + Дополнительные ключи, переданные в функцию `Field`, также будут присутствовать в сгенерированной OpenAPI схеме вашего приложения. + Поскольку эти ключи не являются обязательной частью спецификации OpenAPI, некоторые инструменты OpenAPI, например, [валидатор OpenAPI](https://validator.swagger.io/), могут не работать с вашей сгенерированной схемой. + +## Резюме + +Вы можете использовать функцию `Field` из Pydantic, чтобы задавать дополнительную валидацию и метаданные для атрибутов модели. + +Вы также можете использовать дополнительные ключевые аргументы, чтобы добавить метаданные JSON схемы. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e52ef6f6f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,309 @@ +# Body - Множество параметров + +Теперь, когда мы увидели, как использовать `Path` и `Query` параметры, давайте рассмотрим более продвинутые примеры обьявления тела запроса. + +## Обьединение `Path`, `Query` и параметров тела запроса + +Во-первых, конечно, вы можете объединять параметры `Path`, `Query` и объявления тела запроса в своих функциях обработки, **FastAPI** автоматически определит, что с ними нужно делать. + +Вы также можете объявить параметры тела запроса как необязательные, установив значение по умолчанию, равное `None`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18-20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18-20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! Заметка + Рекомендуется использовать `Annotated` версию, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="17-19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! Заметка + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated`, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="19-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +!!! Заметка + Заметьте, что в данном случае параметр `item`, который будет взят из тела запроса, необязателен. Так как было установлено значение `None` по умолчанию. + +## Несколько параметров тела запроса + +В предыдущем примере, *операции пути* ожидали тело запроса в формате JSON-тело с параметрами, соответствующими атрибутам `Item`, например: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 +} +``` + +Но вы также можете объявить множество параметров тела запроса, например `item` и `user`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +В этом случае **FastAPI** заметит, что в функции есть более одного параметра тела (два параметра, которые являются моделями Pydantic). + +Таким образом, имена параметров будут использоваться в качестве ключей (имён полей) в теле запроса, и будет ожидаться запрос следующего формата: + +```JSON +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + }, + "user": { + "username": "dave", + "full_name": "Dave Grohl" + } +} +``` + +!!! Внимание + Обратите внимание, что хотя параметр `item` был объявлен таким же способом, как и раньше, теперь предпологается, что он находится внутри тела с ключом `item`. + + +**FastAPI** сделает автоматические преобразование из запроса, так что параметр `item` получит своё конкретное содержимое, и то же самое происходит с пользователем `user`. + +Произойдёт проверка составных данных, и создание документации в схеме OpenAPI и автоматических документах. + +## Отдельные значения в теле запроса + +Точно так же, как `Query` и `Path` используются для определения дополнительных данных для query и path параметров, **FastAPI** предоставляет аналогичный инструмент - `Body`. + +Например, расширяя предыдущую модель, вы можете решить, что вам нужен еще один ключ `importance` в том же теле запроса, помимо параметров `item` и `user`. + +Если вы объявите его без указания, какой именно объект (Path, Query, Body и .т.п.) ожидаете, то, поскольку это является простым типом данных, **FastAPI** будет считать, что это query-параметр. + +Но вы можете указать **FastAPI** обрабатывать его, как ещё один ключ тела запроса, используя `Body`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! Заметка + Рекомендуется использовать `Annotated` версию, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! Заметка + Рекомендуется использовать `Annotated` версию, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +В этом случае, **FastAPI** будет ожидать тело запроса в формате: + +```JSON +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + }, + "user": { + "username": "dave", + "full_name": "Dave Grohl" + }, + "importance": 5 +} +``` + +И всё будет работать так же - преобразование типов данных, валидация, документирование и т.д. + +## Множество body и query параметров + +Конечно, вы также можете объявлять query-параметры в любое время, дополнительно к любым body-параметрам. + +Поскольку по умолчанию, отдельные значения интерпретируются как query-параметры, вам не нужно явно добавлять `Query`, вы можете просто сделать так: + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = None +``` + +Или в Python 3.10 и выше: + +```Python +q: str | None = None +``` + +Например: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="28" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! Заметка + Рекомендуется использовать `Annotated` версию, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! Заметка + Рекомендуется использовать `Annotated` версию, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +!!! Информация + `Body` также имеет все те же дополнительные параметры валидации и метаданных, как у `Query`,`Path` и других, которые вы увидите позже. + +## Добавление одного body-параметра + +Предположим, у вас есть только один body-параметр `item` из Pydantic модели `Item`. + +По умолчанию, **FastAPI** ожидает получить тело запроса напрямую. + +Но если вы хотите чтобы он ожидал JSON с ключом `item` с содержимым модели внутри, также как это происходит при объявлении дополнительных body-параметров, вы можете использовать специальный параметр `embed` у типа `Body`: + +```Python +item: Item = Body(embed=True) +``` + +так же, как в этом примере: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! Заметка + Рекомендуется использовать `Annotated` версию, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! Заметка + Рекомендуется использовать `Annotated` версию, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +В этом случае **FastAPI** будет ожидать тело запроса в формате: + +```JSON hl_lines="2" +{ + "item": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 + } +} +``` + +вместо этого: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2 +} +``` + +## Резюме + +Вы можете добавлять несколько body-параметров вашей *функции операции пути*, несмотря даже на то, что запрос может содержать только одно тело. + +Но **FastAPI** справится с этим, предоставит правильные данные в вашей функции, а также сделает валидацию и документацию правильной схемы *операции пути*. + +Вы также можете объявить отдельные значения для получения в рамках тела запроса. + +И вы можете настроить **FastAPI** таким образом, чтобы включить тело запроса в ключ, даже если объявлен только один параметр. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bbf9b7685 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md @@ -0,0 +1,382 @@ +# Body - Вложенные модели + +С помощью **FastAPI**, вы можете определять, валидировать, документировать и использовать модели произвольной вложенности (благодаря библиотеке Pydantic). + +## Определение полей содержащих списки + +Вы можете определять атрибут как подтип. Например, тип `list` в Python: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +Это приведёт к тому, что обьект `tags` преобразуется в список, несмотря на то что тип его элементов не объявлен. + +## Определение полей содержащих список с определением типов его элементов + +Однако в Python есть способ объявления списков с указанием типов для вложенных элементов: + +### Импортируйте `List` из модуля typing + +В Python 3.9 и выше вы можете использовать стандартный тип `list` для объявления аннотаций типов, как мы увидим ниже. 💡 + +Но в версиях Python до 3.9 (начиная с 3.6) сначала вам необходимо импортировать `List` из стандартного модуля `typing` в Python: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +### Объявление `list` с указанием типов для вложенных элементов + +Объявление типов для элементов (внутренних типов) вложенных в такие типы как `list`, `dict`, `tuple`: + +* Если у вас Python версии ниже чем 3.9, импортируйте их аналог из модуля `typing` +* Передайте внутренний(ие) тип(ы) как "параметры типа", используя квадратные скобки: `[` и `]` + +В Python версии 3.9 это будет выглядеть так: + +```Python +my_list: list[str] +``` + +В версиях Python до 3.9 это будет выглядеть так: + +```Python +from typing import List + +my_list: List[str] +``` + +Это всё стандартный синтаксис Python для объявления типов. + +Используйте этот же стандартный синтаксис для атрибутов модели с внутренними типами. + +Таким образом, в нашем примере мы можем явно указать тип данных для поля `tags` как "список строк": + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +## Типы множеств + +Но затем мы подумали и поняли, что теги не должны повторяться и, вероятно, они должны быть уникальными строками. + +И в Python есть специальный тип данных для множеств уникальных элементов - `set`. + +Тогда мы можем обьявить поле `tags` как множество строк: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +С помощью этого, даже если вы получите запрос с повторяющимися данными, они будут преобразованы в множество уникальных элементов. + +И когда вы выводите эти данные, даже если исходный набор содержал дубликаты, они будут выведены в виде множества уникальных элементов. + +И они также будут соответствующим образом аннотированы / задокументированы. + +## Вложенные Модели + +У каждого атрибута Pydantic-модели есть тип. + +Но этот тип может сам быть другой моделью Pydantic. + +Таким образом вы можете объявлять глубоко вложенные JSON "объекты" с определёнными именами атрибутов, типами и валидацией. + +Всё это может быть произвольно вложенным. + +### Определение подмодели + +Например, мы можем определить модель `Image`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7-9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +### Использование вложенной модели в качестве типа + +Также мы можем использовать эту модель как тип атрибута: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +Это означает, что **FastAPI** будет ожидать тело запроса, аналогичное этому: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2, + "tags": ["rock", "metal", "bar"], + "image": { + "url": "http://example.com/baz.jpg", + "name": "The Foo live" + } +} +``` + +Ещё раз: сделав такое объявление, с помощью **FastAPI** вы получите: + +* Поддержку редакторов IDE (автодополнение и т.д), даже для вложенных моделей +* Преобразование данных +* Валидацию данных +* Автоматическую документацию + +## Особые типы и валидация + +Помимо обычных простых типов, таких как `str`, `int`, `float`, и т.д. Вы можете использовать более сложные базовые типы, которые наследуются от типа `str`. + +Чтобы увидеть все варианты, которые у вас есть, ознакомьтесь с документацией по необычным типам Pydantic. Вы увидите некоторые примеры в следующей главе. + +Например, так как в модели `Image` у нас есть поле `url`, то мы можем объявить его как тип `HttpUrl` из модуля Pydantic вместо типа `str`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="2 8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +Строка будет проверена на соответствие допустимому URL-адресу и задокументирована в JSON схему / OpenAPI. + +## Атрибуты, содержащие списки подмоделей + +Вы также можете использовать модели Pydantic в качестве типов вложенных в `list`, `set` и т.д: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + +Такая реализация будет ожидать (конвертировать, валидировать, документировать и т.д) JSON-содержимое в следующем формате: + +```JSON hl_lines="11" +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "The pretender", + "price": 42.0, + "tax": 3.2, + "tags": [ + "rock", + "metal", + "bar" + ], + "images": [ + { + "url": "http://example.com/baz.jpg", + "name": "The Foo live" + }, + { + "url": "http://example.com/dave.jpg", + "name": "The Baz" + } + ] +} +``` + +!!! info "Информация" + Заметьте, что теперь у ключа `images` есть список объектов изображений. + +## Глубоко вложенные модели + +Вы можете определять модели с произвольным уровнем вложенности: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7 12 18 21 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 14 20 23 27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 14 20 23 27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007.py!} + ``` + +!!! info "Информация" + Заметьте, что у объекта `Offer` есть список объектов `Item`, которые, в свою очередь, могут содержать необязательный список объектов `Image` + +## Тела с чистыми списками элементов + +Если верхний уровень значения тела JSON-объекта представляет собой JSON `array` (в Python - `list`), вы можете объявить тип в параметре функции, так же, как в моделях Pydantic: + +```Python +images: List[Image] +``` + +в Python 3.9 и выше: + +```Python +images: list[Image] +``` + +например так: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial008_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial008.py!} + ``` + +## Универсальная поддержка редактора + +И вы получаете поддержку редактора везде. + +Даже для элементов внутри списков: + + + +Вы не могли бы получить такую поддержку редактора, если бы работали напрямую с `dict`, а не с моделями Pydantic. + +Но вы также не должны беспокоиться об этом, входящие словари автоматически конвертируются, а ваш вывод также автоматически преобразуется в формат JSON. + +## Тела запросов с произвольными словарями (`dict` ) + +Вы также можете объявить тело запроса как `dict` с ключами определенного типа и значениями другого типа данных. + +Без необходимости знать заранее, какие значения являются допустимыми для имён полей/атрибутов (как это было бы в случае с моделями Pydantic). + +Это было бы полезно, если вы хотите получить ключи, которые вы еще не знаете. + +--- + +Другой полезный случай - когда вы хотите чтобы ключи были другого типа данных, например, `int`. + +Именно это мы сейчас и увидим здесь. + +В этом случае вы принимаете `dict`, пока у него есть ключи типа `int` со значениями типа `float`: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009.py!} + ``` + +!!! tip "Совет" + Имейте в виду, что JSON поддерживает только ключи типа `str`. + + Но Pydantic обеспечивает автоматическое преобразование данных. + + Это значит, что даже если пользователи вашего API могут отправлять только строки в качестве ключей, при условии, что эти строки содержат целые числа, Pydantic автоматический преобразует и валидирует эти данные. + + А `dict`, с именем `weights`, который вы получите в качестве ответа Pydantic, действительно будет иметь ключи типа `int` и значения типа `float`. + +## Резюме + +С помощью **FastAPI** вы получаете максимальную гибкость, предоставляемую моделями Pydantic, сохраняя при этом простоту, краткость и элегантность вашего кода. + +И дополнительно вы получаете: + +* Поддержку редактора (автодополнение доступно везде!) +* Преобразование данных (также известно как парсинг / сериализация) +* Валидацию данных +* Документацию схемы данных +* Автоматическую генерацию документации diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body-updates.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body-updates.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4998ab31a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body-updates.md @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +# Body - Обновления + +## Полное обновление с помощью `PUT` + +Для полного обновления элемента можно воспользоваться операцией HTTP `PUT`. + +Вы можете использовать функцию `jsonable_encoder` для преобразования входных данных в JSON, так как нередки случаи, когда работать можно только с простыми типами данных (например, для хранения в NoSQL-базе данных). + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="28-33" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="30-35" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="30-35" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +`PUT` используется для получения данных, которые должны полностью заменить существующие данные. + +### Предупреждение о замене + +Это означает, что если вы хотите обновить элемент `bar`, используя `PUT` с телом, содержащим: + +```Python +{ + "name": "Barz", + "price": 3, + "description": None, +} +``` + +поскольку оно не включает уже сохраненный атрибут `"tax": 20.2`, входная модель примет значение по умолчанию `"tax": 10.5`. + +И данные будут сохранены с этим "новым" `tax`, равным `10,5`. + +## Частичное обновление с помощью `PATCH` + +Также можно использовать HTTP `PATCH` операцию для *частичного* обновления данных. + +Это означает, что можно передавать только те данные, которые необходимо обновить, оставляя остальные нетронутыми. + +!!! note "Технические детали" + `PATCH` менее распространен и известен, чем `PUT`. + + А многие команды используют только `PUT`, даже для частичного обновления. + + Вы можете **свободно** использовать их как угодно, **FastAPI** не накладывает никаких ограничений. + + Но в данном руководстве более или менее понятно, как они должны использоваться. + +### Использование параметра `exclude_unset` в Pydantic + +Если необходимо выполнить частичное обновление, то очень полезно использовать параметр `exclude_unset` в методе `.dict()` модели Pydantic. + +Например, `item.dict(exclude_unset=True)`. + +В результате будет сгенерирован словарь, содержащий только те данные, которые были заданы при создании модели `item`, без учета значений по умолчанию. Затем вы можете использовать это для создания словаря только с теми данными, которые были установлены (отправлены в запросе), опуская значения по умолчанию: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="32" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="34" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="34" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +### Использование параметра `update` в Pydantic + +Теперь можно создать копию существующей модели, используя `.copy()`, и передать параметр `update` с `dict`, содержащим данные для обновления. + +Например, `stored_item_model.copy(update=update_data)`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="33" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="35" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="35" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +### Кратко о частичном обновлении + +В целом, для применения частичных обновлений необходимо: + +* (Опционально) использовать `PATCH` вместо `PUT`. +* Извлечь сохранённые данные. +* Поместить эти данные в Pydantic модель. +* Сгенерировать `dict` без значений по умолчанию из входной модели (с использованием `exclude_unset`). + * Таким образом, можно обновлять только те значения, которые действительно установлены пользователем, вместо того чтобы переопределять значения, уже сохраненные в модели по умолчанию. +* Создать копию хранимой модели, обновив ее атрибуты полученными частичными обновлениями (с помощью параметра `update`). +* Преобразовать скопированную модель в то, что может быть сохранено в вашей БД (например, с помощью `jsonable_encoder`). + * Это сравнимо с повторным использованием метода модели `.dict()`, но при этом происходит проверка (и преобразование) значений в типы данных, которые могут быть преобразованы в JSON, например, `datetime` в `str`. +* Сохранить данные в своей БД. +* Вернуть обновленную модель. + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="28-35" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="30-37" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="30-37" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Эту же технику можно использовать и для операции HTTP `PUT`. + + Но в приведенном примере используется `PATCH`, поскольку он был создан именно для таких случаев использования. + +!!! note "Технические детали" + Обратите внимание, что входная модель по-прежнему валидируется. + + Таким образом, если вы хотите получать частичные обновления, в которых могут быть опущены все атрибуты, вам необходимо иметь модель, в которой все атрибуты помечены как необязательные (со значениями по умолчанию или `None`). + + Чтобы отличить модели со всеми необязательными значениями для **обновления** от моделей с обязательными значениями для **создания**, можно воспользоваться идеями, описанными в [Дополнительные модели](extra-models.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c03d40c3f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/body.md @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +# Тело запроса + +Когда вам необходимо отправить данные из клиента (допустим, браузера) в ваш API, вы отправляете их как **тело запроса**. + +Тело **запроса** --- это данные, отправляемые клиентом в ваш API. Тело **ответа** --- это данные, которые ваш API отправляет клиенту. + +Ваш API почти всегда отправляет тело **ответа**. Но клиентам не обязательно всегда отправлять тело **запроса**. + +Чтобы объявить тело **запроса**, необходимо использовать модели Pydantic, со всей их мощью и преимуществами. + +!!! info "Информация" + Чтобы отправить данные, необходимо использовать один из методов: `POST` (обычно), `PUT`, `DELETE` или `PATCH`. + + Отправка тела с запросом `GET` имеет неопределенное поведение в спецификациях, тем не менее, оно поддерживается FastAPI только для очень сложных/экстремальных случаев использования. + + Поскольку это не рекомендуется, интерактивная документация со Swagger UI не будет отображать информацию для тела при использовании метода GET, а промежуточные прокси-серверы могут не поддерживать такой вариант запроса. + +## Импортирование `BaseModel` из Pydantic + +Первое, что вам необходимо сделать, это импортировать `BaseModel` из пакета `pydantic`: + +```Python hl_lines="4" +{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## Создание вашей собственной модели + +После этого вы описываете вашу модель данных как класс, наследующий от `BaseModel`. + +Используйте аннотации типов Python для всех атрибутов: + +```Python hl_lines="7-11" +{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Также как и при описании параметров запроса, когда атрибут модели имеет значение по умолчанию, он является необязательным. Иначе он обязателен. Используйте `None`, чтобы сделать его необязательным без использования конкретных значений по умолчанию. + +Например, модель выше описывает вот такой JSON "объект" (или словарь Python): + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "An optional description", + "price": 45.2, + "tax": 3.5 +} +``` + +...поскольку `description` и `tax` являются необязательными (с `None` в качестве значения по умолчанию), вот такой JSON "объект" также подходит: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "price": 45.2 +} +``` + +## Объявление как параметра функции + +Чтобы добавить параметр к вашему *обработчику*, объявите его также, как вы объявляли параметры пути или параметры запроса: + +```Python hl_lines="18" +{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +...и укажите созданную модель в качестве типа параметра, `Item`. + +## Результаты + +Всего лишь с помощью аннотации типов Python, **FastAPI**: + +* Читает тело запроса как JSON. +* Приводит к соответствующим типам (если есть необходимость). +* Проверяет корректность данных. + * Если данные некорректны, будет возращена читаемая и понятная ошибка, показывающая что именно и в каком месте некорректно в данных. +* Складывает полученные данные в параметр `item`. + * Поскольку внутри функции вы объявили его с типом `Item`, то теперь у вас есть поддержка со стороны редактора (автодополнение и т.п.) для всех атрибутов и их типов. +* Генерирует декларативное описание модели в виде JSON Schema, так что вы можете его использовать где угодно, если это имеет значение для вашего проекта. +* Эти схемы являются частью сгенерированной схемы OpenAPI и используются для автоматического документирования UI. + +## Автоматическое документирование + +Схема JSON ваших моделей будет частью сгенерированной схемы OpenAPI и будет отображена в интерактивной документации API: + + + +Также она будет указана в документации по API внутри каждой *операции пути*, в которой используются: + + + +## Поддержка редактора + +В вашем редакторе внутри вашей функции у вас будут подсказки по типам и автодополнение (это не будет работать, если вы получаете словарь вместо модели Pydantic): + + + +Также вы будете получать ошибки в случае несоответствия типов: + + + +Это не случайно, весь фреймворк построен вокруг такого дизайна. + +И это все тщательно протестировано еще на этапе разработки дизайна, до реализации, чтобы это работало со всеми редакторами. + +Для поддержки этого даже были внесены некоторые изменения в сам Pydantic. + +На всех предыдущих скриншотах используется Visual Studio Code. + +Но у вас будет такая же поддержка и с PyCharm, и вообще с любым редактором Python: + + + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Если вы используете PyCharm в качестве редактора, то вам стоит попробовать плагин Pydantic PyCharm Plugin. + + Он улучшает поддержку редактором моделей Pydantic в части: + + * автодополнения, + * проверки типов, + * рефакторинга, + * поиска, + * инспектирования. + +## Использование модели + +Внутри функции вам доступны все атрибуты объекта модели напрямую: + +```Python hl_lines="21" +{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## Тело запроса + параметры пути + +Вы можете одновременно объявлять параметры пути и тело запроса. + +**FastAPI** распознает, какие параметры функции соответствуют параметрам пути и должны быть **получены из пути**, а какие параметры функции, объявленные как модели Pydantic, должны быть **получены из тела запроса**. + +```Python hl_lines="17-18" +{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +## Тело запроса + параметры пути + параметры запроса + +Вы также можете одновременно объявить параметры для **пути**, **запроса** и **тела запроса**. + +**FastAPI** распознает каждый из них и возьмет данные из правильного источника. + +```Python hl_lines="18" +{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +Параметры функции распознаются следующим образом: + +* Если параметр также указан в **пути**, то он будет использоваться как параметр пути. +* Если аннотация типа параметра содержит **примитивный тип** (`int`, `float`, `str`, `bool` и т.п.), он будет интерпретирован как параметр **запроса**. +* Если аннотация типа параметра представляет собой **модель Pydantic**, он будет интерпретирован как параметр **тела запроса**. + +!!! note "Заметка" + FastAPI понимает, что значение параметра `q` не является обязательным, потому что имеет значение по умолчанию `= None`. + + Аннотация `Optional` в `Optional[str]` не используется FastAPI, но помогает вашему редактору лучше понимать ваш код и обнаруживать ошибки. + +## Без Pydantic + +Если вы не хотите использовать модели Pydantic, вы все еще можете использовать параметры **тела запроса**. Читайте в документации раздел [Тело - Несколько параметров: Единичные значения в теле](body-multiple-params.md#singular-values-in-body){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5f99458b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +# Параметры Cookie + +Вы можете задать параметры Cookie таким же способом, как `Query` и `Path` параметры. + +## Импорт `Cookie` + +Сначала импортируйте `Cookie`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +## Объявление параметров `Cookie` + +Затем объявляйте параметры cookie, используя ту же структуру, что и с `Path` и `Query`. + +Первое значение - это значение по умолчанию, вы можете передать все дополнительные параметры проверки или аннотации: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +!!! note "Технические детали" + `Cookie` - это класс, родственный `Path` и `Query`. Он также наследуется от общего класса `Param`. + + Но помните, что когда вы импортируете `Query`, `Path`, `Cookie` и другое из `fastapi`, это фактически функции, которые возвращают специальные классы. + +!!! info "Дополнительная информация" + Для объявления cookies, вам нужно использовать `Cookie`, иначе параметры будут интерпретированы как параметры запроса. + +## Резюме + +Объявляйте cookies с помощью `Cookie`, используя тот же общий шаблон, что и `Query`, и `Path`. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/cors.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/cors.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8c7fbc046 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/cors.md @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +# CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) + +Понятие CORS или "Cross-Origin Resource Sharing" относится к ситуациям, при которых запущенный в браузере фронтенд содержит JavaScript-код, который взаимодействует с бэкендом, находящимся на другом "источнике" ("origin"). + +## Источник + +Источник - это совокупность протокола (`http`, `https`), домена (`myapp.com`, `localhost`, `localhost.tiangolo.com`) и порта (`80`, `443`, `8080`). + +Поэтому это три разных источника: + +* `http://localhost` +* `https://localhost` +* `http://localhost:8080` + +Даже если они все расположены в `localhost`, они используют разные протоколы и порты, а значит, являются разными источниками. + +## Шаги + +Допустим, у вас есть фронтенд, запущенный в браузере по адресу `http://localhost:8080`, и его JavaScript-код пытается взаимодействовать с бэкендом, запущенным по адресу `http://localhost` (поскольку мы не указали порт, браузер по умолчанию будет использовать порт `80`). + +Затем браузер отправит бэкенду HTTP-запрос `OPTIONS`, и если бэкенд вернёт соответствующие заголовки для авторизации взаимодействия с другим источником (`http://localhost:8080`), то браузер разрешит JavaScript-коду на фронтенде отправить запрос на этот бэкенд. + +Чтобы это работало, у бэкенда должен быть список "разрешённых источников" ("allowed origins"). + +В таком случае этот список должен содержать `http://localhost:8080`, чтобы фронтенд работал корректно. + +## Подстановочный символ `"*"` + +В качестве списка источников можно указать подстановочный символ `"*"` ("wildcard"), чтобы разрешить любые источники. + +Но тогда не будут разрешены некоторые виды взаимодействия, включая всё связанное с учётными данными: куки, заголовки Authorization с Bearer-токенами наподобие тех, которые мы использовали ранее и т.п. + +Поэтому, чтобы всё работало корректно, лучше явно указывать список разрешённых источников. + +## Использование `CORSMiddleware` + +Вы можете настроить этот механизм в вашем **FastAPI** приложении, используя `CORSMiddleware`. + +* Импортируйте `CORSMiddleware`. +* Создайте список разрешённых источников (в виде строк). +* Добавьте его как "middleware" к вашему **FastAPI** приложению. + +Вы также можете указать, разрешает ли ваш бэкенд использование: + +* Учётных данных (включая заголовки Authorization, куки и т.п.). +* Отдельных HTTP-методов (`POST`, `PUT`) или всех вместе, используя `"*"`. +* Отдельных HTTP-заголовков или всех вместе, используя `"*"`. + +```Python hl_lines="2 6-11 13-19" +{!../../../docs_src/cors/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`CORSMiddleware` использует для параметров "запрещающие" значения по умолчанию, поэтому вам нужно явным образом разрешить использование отдельных источников, методов или заголовков, чтобы браузеры могли использовать их в кросс-доменном контексте. + +Поддерживаются следующие аргументы: + +* `allow_origins` - Список источников, на которые разрешено выполнять кросс-доменные запросы. Например, `['https://example.org', 'https://www.example.org']`. Можно использовать `['*']`, чтобы разрешить любые источники. +* `allow_origin_regex` - Регулярное выражение для определения источников, на которые разрешено выполнять кросс-доменные запросы. Например, `'https://.*\.example\.org'`. +* `allow_methods` - Список HTTP-методов, которые разрешены для кросс-доменных запросов. По умолчанию равно `['GET']`. Можно использовать `['*']`, чтобы разрешить все стандартные методы. +* `allow_headers` - Список HTTP-заголовков, которые должны поддерживаться при кросс-доменных запросах. По умолчанию равно `[]`. Можно использовать `['*']`, чтобы разрешить все заголовки. Заголовки `Accept`, `Accept-Language`, `Content-Language` и `Content-Type` всегда разрешены для простых CORS-запросов. +* `allow_credentials` - указывает, что куки разрешены в кросс-доменных запросах. По умолчанию равно `False`. Также, `allow_origins` нельзя присвоить `['*']`, если разрешено использование учётных данных. В таком случае должен быть указан список источников. +* `expose_headers` - Указывает любые заголовки ответа, которые должны быть доступны браузеру. По умолчанию равно `[]`. +* `max_age` - Устанавливает максимальное время в секундах, в течение которого браузер кэширует CORS-ответы. По умолчанию равно `600`. + +`CORSMiddleware` отвечает на два типа HTTP-запросов... + +### CORS-запросы с предварительной проверкой + +Это любые `OPTIONS` запросы с заголовками `Origin` и `Access-Control-Request-Method`. + +В этом случае middleware перехватит входящий запрос и отправит соответствующие CORS-заголовки в ответе, а также ответ `200` или `400` в информационных целях. + +### Простые запросы + +Любые запросы с заголовком `Origin`. В этом случае middleware передаст запрос дальше как обычно, но добавит соответствующие CORS-заголовки к ответу. + +## Больше информации + +Для получения более подробной информации о CORS, обратитесь к Документации CORS от Mozilla. + +!!! note "Технические детали" + Вы также можете использовать `from starlette.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware`. + + **FastAPI** предоставляет несколько middleware в `fastapi.middleware` только для вашего удобства как разработчика. Но большинство доступных middleware взяты напрямую из Starlette. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/debugging.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/debugging.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..38709e56d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/debugging.md @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +# Отладка + +Вы можете подключить отладчик в своем редакторе, например, в Visual Studio Code или PyCharm. + +## Вызов `uvicorn` + +В вашем FastAPI приложении, импортируйте и вызовите `uvicorn` напрямую: + +```Python hl_lines="1 15" +{!../../../docs_src/debugging/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### Описание `__name__ == "__main__"` + +Главная цель использования `__name__ == "__main__"` в том, чтобы код выполнялся при запуске файла с помощью: + +
+ +```console +$ python myapp.py +``` + +
+ +но не вызывался, когда другой файл импортирует это, например: + +```Python +from myapp import app +``` + +#### Больше деталей + +Давайте назовём ваш файл `myapp.py`. + +Если вы запустите его с помощью: + +
+ +```console +$ python myapp.py +``` + +
+ +то встроенная переменная `__name__`, автоматически создаваемая Python в вашем файле, будет иметь значение строкового типа `"__main__"`. + +Тогда выполнится условие и эта часть кода: + +```Python + uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000) +``` + +будет запущена. + +--- + +Но этого не произойдет, если вы импортируете этот модуль (файл). + +Таким образом, если у вас есть файл `importer.py` с таким импортом: + +```Python +from myapp import app + +# Some more code +``` + +то автоматическая создаваемая внутри файла `myapp.py` переменная `__name__` будет иметь значение отличающееся от `"__main__"`. + +Следовательно, строка: + +```Python + uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000) +``` + +не будет выполнена. + +!!! Информация + Для получения дополнительной информации, ознакомьтесь с официальной документацией Python. + +## Запуск вашего кода с помощью отладчика + +Так как вы запускаете сервер Uvicorn непосредственно из вашего кода, вы можете вызвать Python программу (ваше FastAPI приложение) напрямую из отладчика. + +--- + +Например, в Visual Studio Code вы можете выполнить следующие шаги: + +* Перейдите на панель "Debug". +* Выберите "Add configuration...". +* Выберите "Python" +* Запустите отладчик "`Python: Current File (Integrated Terminal)`". + +Это запустит сервер с вашим **FastAPI** кодом, остановится на точках останова, и т.д. + +Вот как это может выглядеть: + + + +--- + +Если используете Pycharm, вы можете выполнить следующие шаги: + +* Открыть "Run" меню. +* Выбрать опцию "Debug...". +* Затем в появившемся контекстном меню. +* Выбрать файл для отладки (в данном случае, `main.py`). + +Это запустит сервер с вашим **FastAPI** кодом, остановится на точках останова, и т.д. + +Вот как это может выглядеть: + + diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b6ad25daf --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md @@ -0,0 +1,478 @@ +# Классы как зависимости + +Прежде чем углубиться в систему **Внедрения Зависимостей**, давайте обновим предыдущий пример. + +## `Словарь` из предыдущего примера + +В предыдущем примере мы возвращали `словарь` из нашей зависимости: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +Но затем мы получаем `словарь` в параметре `commons` *функции операции пути*. И мы знаем, что редакторы не могут обеспечить достаточную поддержку для `словаря`, поскольку они не могут знать их ключи и типы значений. + +Мы можем сделать лучше... + +## Что делает зависимость + +До сих пор вы видели зависимости, объявленные как функции. + +Но это не единственный способ объявления зависимостей (хотя, вероятно, более распространенный). + +Ключевым фактором является то, что зависимость должна быть "вызываемой". + +В Python "**вызываемый**" - это все, что Python может "вызвать", как функцию. + +Так, если у вас есть объект `something` (который может _не_ быть функцией) и вы можете "вызвать" его (выполнить) как: + +```Python +something() +``` + +или + +```Python +something(some_argument, some_keyword_argument="foo") +``` + +в таком случае он является "вызываемым". + +## Классы как зависимости + +Вы можете заметить, что для создания экземпляра класса в Python используется тот же синтаксис. + +Например: + +```Python +class Cat: + def __init__(self, name: str): + self.name = name + + +fluffy = Cat(name="Mr Fluffy") +``` + +В данном случае `fluffy` является экземпляром класса `Cat`. + +А чтобы создать `fluffy`, вы "вызываете" `Cat`. + +Таким образом, класс в Python также является **вызываемым**. + +Тогда в **FastAPI** в качестве зависимости можно использовать класс Python. + +На самом деле FastAPI проверяет, что переданный объект является "вызываемым" (функция, класс или что-либо еще) и указаны необходимые для его вызова параметры. + +Если вы передаёте что-то, что можно "вызывать" в качестве зависимости в **FastAPI**, то он будет анализировать параметры, необходимые для "вызова" этого объекта и обрабатывать их так же, как параметры *функции операции пути*. Включая подзависимости. + +Это относится и к вызываемым объектам без параметров. Работа с ними происходит точно так же, как и для *функций операции пути* без параметров. + +Теперь мы можем изменить зависимость `common_parameters`, указанную выше, на класс `CommonQueryParams`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11-15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11-15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12-16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="9-13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="11-15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +Обратите внимание на метод `__init__`, используемый для создания экземпляра класса: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +...имеет те же параметры, что и ранее используемая функция `common_parameters`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="6" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +Эти параметры и будут использоваться **FastAPI** для "решения" зависимости. + +В обоих случаях она будет иметь: + +* Необязательный параметр запроса `q`, представляющий собой `str`. +* Параметр запроса `skip`, представляющий собой `int`, по умолчанию `0`. +* Параметр запроса `limit`, представляющий собой `int`, по умолчанию равный `100`. + +В обоих случаях данные будут конвертированы, валидированы, документированы по схеме OpenAPI и т.д. + +## Как это использовать + +Теперь вы можете объявить свою зависимость, используя этот класс. + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +**FastAPI** вызывает класс `CommonQueryParams`. При этом создается "экземпляр" этого класса, который будет передан в качестве параметра `commons` в вашу функцию. + +## Аннотация типа или `Depends` + +Обратите внимание, что в приведенном выше коде мы два раза пишем `CommonQueryParams`: + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python + commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams) + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python + commons: Annotated[CommonQueryParams, Depends(CommonQueryParams)] + ``` + +Последний параметр `CommonQueryParams`, в: + +```Python +... Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +...это то, что **FastAPI** будет использовать, чтобы узнать, что является зависимостью. + +Из него FastAPI извлечёт объявленные параметры и именно их будет вызывать. + +--- + +В этом случае первый `CommonQueryParams`, в: + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python + commons: Annotated[CommonQueryParams, ... + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python + commons: CommonQueryParams ... + ``` + +...не имеет никакого специального значения для **FastAPI**. FastAPI не будет использовать его для преобразования данных, валидации и т.д. (поскольку для этого используется `Depends(CommonQueryParams)`). + +На самом деле можно написать просто: + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python + commons: Annotated[Any, Depends(CommonQueryParams)] + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python + commons = Depends(CommonQueryParams) + ``` + +...как тут: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +Но объявление типа приветствуется, так как в этом случае ваш редактор будет знать, что будет передано в качестве параметра `commons`, и тогда он сможет помочь вам с автодополнением, проверкой типов и т.д: + + + +## Сокращение + +Но вы видите, что здесь мы имеем некоторое повторение кода, дважды написав `CommonQueryParams`: + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python + commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams) + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python + commons: Annotated[CommonQueryParams, Depends(CommonQueryParams)] + ``` + +Для случаев, когда зависимостью является *конкретный* класс, который **FastAPI** "вызовет" для создания экземпляра этого класса, можно использовать укороченную запись. + + +Вместо того чтобы писать: + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python + commons: Annotated[CommonQueryParams, Depends(CommonQueryParams)] + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python + commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams) + ``` + +...следует написать: + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python + commons: Annotated[CommonQueryParams, Depends()] + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6 без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python + commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends() + ``` + +Вы объявляете зависимость как тип параметра и используете `Depends()` без какого-либо параметра, вместо того чтобы *снова* писать полный класс внутри `Depends(CommonQueryParams)`. + +Аналогичный пример будет выглядеть следующим образом: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +...и **FastAPI** будет знать, что делать. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Если это покажется вам более запутанным, чем полезным, не обращайте внимания, это вам не *нужно*. + + Это просто сокращение. Потому что **FastAPI** заботится о том, чтобы помочь вам свести к минимуму повторение кода. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eb1b4d7c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies.md @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +# Глобальные зависимости + +Для некоторых типов приложений может потребоваться добавить зависимости ко всему приложению. + +Подобно тому, как вы можете [добавлять зависимости через параметр `dependencies` в *декораторах операций пути*](dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, вы можете добавлять зависимости сразу ко всему `FastAPI` приложению. + +В этом случае они будут применяться ко всем *операциям пути* в приложении: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8 non-Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать 'Annotated' версию, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012.py!} + ``` + +Все способы [добавления зависимостей в *декораторах операций пути*](dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md){.internal-link target=_blank} по-прежнему применимы, но в данном случае зависимости применяются ко всем *операциям пути* приложения. + +## Зависимости для групп *операций пути* + +Позднее, читая о том, как структурировать более крупные [приложения, содержащие много файлов](../../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, вы узнаете, как объявить один параметр dependencies для целой группы *операций пути*. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/encoder.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/encoder.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c26b2c941 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/encoder.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +# JSON кодировщик + +В некоторых случаях может потребоваться преобразование типа данных (например, Pydantic-модели) в тип, совместимый с JSON (например, `dict`, `list` и т.д.). + +Например, если необходимо хранить его в базе данных. + +Для этого **FastAPI** предоставляет функцию `jsonable_encoder()`. + +## Использование `jsonable_encoder` + +Представим, что у вас есть база данных `fake_db`, которая принимает только JSON-совместимые данные. + +Например, он не принимает объекты `datetime`, так как они не совместимы с JSON. + +В таком случае объект `datetime` следует преобразовать в строку соответствующую формату ISO. + +Точно так же эта база данных не может принять Pydantic модель (объект с атрибутами), а только `dict`. + +Для этого можно использовать функцию `jsonable_encoder`. + +Она принимает объект, например, модель Pydantic, и возвращает его версию, совместимую с JSON: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="5 22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +В данном примере она преобразует Pydantic модель в `dict`, а `datetime` - в `str`. + +Результатом её вызова является объект, который может быть закодирован с помощью функции из стандартной библиотеки Python – `json.dumps()`. + +Функция не возвращает большой `str`, содержащий данные в формате JSON (в виде строки). Она возвращает стандартную структуру данных Python (например, `dict`) со значениями и подзначениями, которые совместимы с JSON. + +!!! note "Технические детали" + `jsonable_encoder` фактически используется **FastAPI** внутри системы для преобразования данных. Однако он полезен и во многих других сценариях. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0f613a6b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +# Дополнительные типы данных + +До сих пор вы использовали простые типы данных, такие как: + +* `int` +* `float` +* `str` +* `bool` + +Но вы также можете использовать и более сложные типы. + +При этом у вас останутся те же возможности , что и до сих пор: + +* Отличная поддержка редактора. +* Преобразование данных из входящих запросов. +* Преобразование данных для ответа. +* Валидация данных. +* Автоматическая аннотация и документация. + +## Другие типы данных + +Ниже перечислены некоторые из дополнительных типов данных, которые вы можете использовать: + +* `UUID`: + * Стандартный "Универсальный уникальный идентификатор", используемый в качестве идентификатора во многих базах данных и системах. + * В запросах и ответах будет представлен как `str`. +* `datetime.datetime`: + * Встроенный в Python `datetime.datetime`. + * В запросах и ответах будет представлен как `str` в формате ISO 8601, например: `2008-09-15T15:53:00+05:00`. +* `datetime.date`: + * Встроенный в Python `datetime.date`. + * В запросах и ответах будет представлен как `str` в формате ISO 8601, например: `2008-09-15`. +* `datetime.time`: + * Встроенный в Python `datetime.time`. + * В запросах и ответах будет представлен как `str` в формате ISO 8601, например: `14:23:55.003`. +* `datetime.timedelta`: + * Встроенный в Python `datetime.timedelta`. + * В запросах и ответах будет представлен в виде общего количества секунд типа `float`. + * Pydantic также позволяет представить его как "Кодировку разницы во времени ISO 8601", см. документацию для получения дополнительной информации. +* `frozenset`: + * В запросах и ответах обрабатывается так же, как и `set`: + * В запросах будет прочитан список, исключены дубликаты и преобразован в `set`. + * В ответах `set` будет преобразован в `list`. + * В сгенерированной схеме будет указано, что значения `set` уникальны (с помощью JSON-схемы `uniqueItems`). +* `bytes`: + * Встроенный в Python `bytes`. + * В запросах и ответах будет рассматриваться как `str`. + * В сгенерированной схеме будет указано, что это `str` в формате `binary`. +* `Decimal`: + * Встроенный в Python `Decimal`. + * В запросах и ответах обрабатывается так же, как и `float`. +* Вы можете проверить все допустимые типы данных pydantic здесь: Типы данных Pydantic. + +## Пример + +Вот пример *операции пути* с параметрами, который демонстрирует некоторые из вышеперечисленных типов. + +=== "Python 3.8 и выше" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 3 12-16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 и выше" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 2 11-15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +Обратите внимание, что параметры внутри функции имеют свой естественный тип данных, и вы, например, можете выполнять обычные манипуляции с датами, такие как: + +=== "Python 3.8 и выше" + + ```Python hl_lines="18-19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 и выше" + + ```Python hl_lines="17-18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..30176b4e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md @@ -0,0 +1,252 @@ +# Дополнительные модели + +В продолжение прошлого примера будет уже обычным делом иметь несколько связанных между собой моделей. + +Это особенно применимо в случае моделей пользователя, потому что: + +* **Модель для ввода** должна иметь возможность содержать пароль. +* **Модель для вывода** не должна содержать пароль. +* **Модель для базы данных**, возможно, должна содержать хэшированный пароль. + +!!! danger "Внимание" + Никогда не храните пароли пользователей в чистом виде. Всегда храните "безопасный хэш", который вы затем сможете проверить. + + Если вам это не знакомо, вы можете узнать про "хэш пароля" в [главах о безопасности](security/simple-oauth2.md#password-hashing){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## Множественные модели + +Ниже изложена основная идея того, как могут выглядеть эти модели с полями для паролей, а также описаны места, где они используются: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7 9 14 20 22 27-28 31-33 38-39" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 11 16 22 24 29-30 33-35 40-41" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +### Про `**user_in.dict()` + +#### `.dict()` из Pydantic + +`user_in` - это Pydantic-модель класса `UserIn`. + +У Pydantic-моделей есть метод `.dict()`, который возвращает `dict` с данными модели. + +Поэтому, если мы создадим Pydantic-объект `user_in` таким способом: + +```Python +user_in = UserIn(username="john", password="secret", email="john.doe@example.com") +``` + +и затем вызовем: + +```Python +user_dict = user_in.dict() +``` + +то теперь у нас есть `dict` с данными модели в переменной `user_dict` (это `dict` вместо объекта Pydantic-модели). + +И если мы вызовем: + +```Python +print(user_dict) +``` + +мы можем получить `dict` с такими данными: + +```Python +{ + 'username': 'john', + 'password': 'secret', + 'email': 'john.doe@example.com', + 'full_name': None, +} +``` + +#### Распаковка `dict` + +Если мы возьмём `dict` наподобие `user_dict` и передадим его в функцию (или класс), используя `**user_dict`, Python распакует его. Он передаст ключи и значения `user_dict` напрямую как аргументы типа ключ-значение. + +Поэтому, продолжая описанный выше пример с `user_dict`, написание такого кода: + +```Python +UserInDB(**user_dict) +``` + +Будет работать так же, как примерно такой код: + +```Python +UserInDB( + username="john", + password="secret", + email="john.doe@example.com", + full_name=None, +) +``` + +Или, если для большей точности мы напрямую используем `user_dict` с любым потенциальным содержимым, то этот пример будет выглядеть так: + +```Python +UserInDB( + username = user_dict["username"], + password = user_dict["password"], + email = user_dict["email"], + full_name = user_dict["full_name"], +) +``` + +#### Pydantic-модель из содержимого другой модели + +Как в примере выше мы получили `user_dict` из `user_in.dict()`, этот код: + +```Python +user_dict = user_in.dict() +UserInDB(**user_dict) +``` + +будет равнозначен такому: + +```Python +UserInDB(**user_in.dict()) +``` + +...потому что `user_in.dict()` - это `dict`, и затем мы указываем, чтобы Python его "распаковал", когда передаём его в `UserInDB` и ставим перед ним `**`. + +Таким образом мы получаем Pydantic-модель на основе данных из другой Pydantic-модели. + +#### Распаковка `dict` и дополнительные именованные аргументы + +И затем, если мы добавим дополнительный именованный аргумент `hashed_password=hashed_password` как здесь: + +```Python +UserInDB(**user_in.dict(), hashed_password=hashed_password) +``` + +... то мы получим что-то подобное: + +```Python +UserInDB( + username = user_dict["username"], + password = user_dict["password"], + email = user_dict["email"], + full_name = user_dict["full_name"], + hashed_password = hashed_password, +) +``` + +!!! warning "Предупреждение" + Цель использованных в примере вспомогательных функций - не более чем демонстрация возможных операций с данными, но, конечно, они не обеспечивают настоящую безопасность. + +## Сократите дублирование + +Сокращение дублирования кода - это одна из главных идей **FastAPI**. + +Поскольку дублирование кода повышает риск появления багов, проблем с безопасностью, проблем десинхронизации кода (когда вы обновляете код в одном месте, но не обновляете в другом), и т.д. + +А все описанные выше модели используют много общих данных и дублируют названия атрибутов и типов. + +Мы можем это улучшить. + +Мы можем определить модель `UserBase`, которая будет базовой для остальных моделей. И затем мы можем создать подклассы этой модели, которые будут наследовать её атрибуты (объявления типов, валидацию, и т.п.). + +Все операции конвертации, валидации, документации, и т.п. будут по-прежнему работать нормально. + +В этом случае мы можем определить только различия между моделями (с `password` в чистом виде, с `hashed_password` и без пароля): + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7 13-14 17-18 21-22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 15-16 19-20 23-24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +## `Union` или `anyOf` + +Вы можете определить ответ как `Union` из двух типов. Это означает, что ответ должен соответствовать одному из них. + +Он будет определён в OpenAPI как `anyOf`. + +Для этого используйте стандартные аннотации типов в Python `typing.Union`: + +!!! note "Примечание" + При объявлении `Union`, сначала указывайте наиболее детальные типы, затем менее детальные. В примере ниже более детальный `PlaneItem` стоит перед `CarItem` в `Union[PlaneItem, CarItem]`. + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 14-15 18-20 33" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 14-15 18-20 33" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +### `Union` в Python 3.10 + +В этом примере мы передаём `Union[PlaneItem, CarItem]` в качестве значения аргумента `response_model`. + +Поскольку мы передаём его как **значение аргумента** вместо того, чтобы поместить его в **аннотацию типа**, нам придётся использовать `Union` даже в Python 3.10. + +Если оно было бы указано в аннотации типа, то мы могли бы использовать вертикальную черту как в примере: + +```Python +some_variable: PlaneItem | CarItem +``` + +Но если мы помещаем его в `response_model=PlaneItem | CarItem` мы получим ошибку, потому что Python попытается произвести **некорректную операцию** между `PlaneItem` и `CarItem` вместо того, чтобы интерпретировать это как аннотацию типа. + +## Список моделей + +Таким же образом вы можете определять ответы как списки объектов. + +Для этого используйте `typing.List` из стандартной библиотеки Python (или просто `list` в Python 3.9 и выше): + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial004_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +## Ответ с произвольным `dict` + +Вы также можете определить ответ, используя произвольный одноуровневый `dict` и определяя только типы ключей и значений без использования Pydantic-моделей. + +Это полезно, если вы заранее не знаете корректных названий полей/атрибутов (которые будут нужны при использовании Pydantic-модели). + +В этом случае вы можете использовать `typing.Dict` (или просто `dict` в Python 3.9 и выше): + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="6" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial005_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +## Резюме + +Используйте несколько Pydantic-моделей и свободно применяйте наследование для каждой из них. + +Вам не обязательно иметь единственную модель данных для каждой сущности, если эта сущность должна иметь возможность быть в разных "состояниях". Как в случае с "сущностью" пользователя, у которого есть состояния с полями `password`, `password_hash` и без пароля. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b46f235bc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md @@ -0,0 +1,333 @@ +# Первые шаги + +Самый простой FastAPI файл может выглядеть так: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Скопируйте в файл `main.py`. + +Запустите сервер в режиме реального времени: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +!!! note "Технические детали" + Команда `uvicorn main:app` обращается к: + + * `main`: файл `main.py` (модуль Python). + * `app`: объект, созданный внутри файла `main.py` в строке `app = FastAPI()`. + * `--reload`: перезапускает сервер после изменения кода. Используйте только для разработки. + +В окне вывода появится следующая строка: + +```hl_lines="4" +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +Эта строка показывает URL-адрес, по которому приложение доступно на локальной машине. + +### Проверьте + +Откройте браузер по адресу: http://127.0.0.1:8000. + +Вы увидите JSON-ответ следующего вида: + +```JSON +{"message": "Hello World"} +``` + +### Интерактивная документация API + +Перейдите по адресу: http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +Вы увидите автоматически сгенерированную, интерактивную документацию по API (предоставленную Swagger UI): + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +### Альтернативная документация API + +Теперь перейдите по адресу http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. + +Вы увидите альтернативную автоматически сгенерированную документацию (предоставленную ReDoc): + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +### OpenAPI + +**FastAPI** генерирует "схему" всего API, используя стандарт **OpenAPI**. + +#### "Схема" + +"Схема" - это определение или описание чего-либо. Не код, реализующий это, а только абстрактное описание. + +#### API "схема" + +OpenAPI - это спецификация, которая определяет, как описывать схему API. + +Определение схемы содержит пути (paths) API, их параметры и т.п. + +#### "Схема" данных + +Термин "схема" также может относиться к формату или структуре некоторых данных, например, JSON. + +Тогда, подразумеваются атрибуты JSON, их типы данных и т.п. + +#### OpenAPI и JSON Schema + +OpenAPI описывает схему API. Эта схема содержит определения (или "схемы") данных, отправляемых и получаемых API. Для описания структуры данных в JSON используется стандарт **JSON Schema**. + +#### Рассмотрим `openapi.json` + +Если Вас интересует, как выглядит исходная схема OpenAPI, то FastAPI автоматически генерирует JSON-схему со всеми описаниями API. + +Можете посмотреть здесь: http://127.0.0.1:8000/openapi.json. + +Вы увидите примерно такой JSON: + +```JSON +{ + "openapi": "3.0.2", + "info": { + "title": "FastAPI", + "version": "0.1.0" + }, + "paths": { + "/items/": { + "get": { + "responses": { + "200": { + "description": "Successful Response", + "content": { + "application/json": { + + + +... +``` + +#### Для чего нужен OpenAPI + +Схема OpenAPI является основой для обеих систем интерактивной документации. + +Существуют десятки альтернативных инструментов, основанных на OpenAPI. Вы можете легко добавить любой из них к **FastAPI** приложению. + +Вы также можете использовать OpenAPI для автоматической генерации кода для клиентов, которые взаимодействуют с API. Например, для фронтенд-, мобильных или IoT-приложений. + +## Рассмотрим поэтапно + +### Шаг 1: импортируйте `FastAPI` + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`FastAPI` это класс в Python, который предоставляет всю функциональность для API. + +!!! note "Технические детали" + `FastAPI` это класс, который наследуется непосредственно от `Starlette`. + + Вы можете использовать всю функциональность Starlette в `FastAPI`. + +### Шаг 2: создайте экземпляр `FastAPI` + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Переменная `app` является экземпляром класса `FastAPI`. + +Это единая точка входа для создания и взаимодействия с API. + +Именно к этой переменной `app` обращается `uvicorn` в команде: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +Если создать такое приложение: + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +И поместить его в `main.py`, тогда вызов `uvicorn` будет таким: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:my_awesome_api --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +### Шаг 3: определите *операцию пути (path operation)* + +#### Путь (path) + +"Путь" это часть URL, после первого символа `/`, следующего за именем домена. + +Для URL: + +``` +https://example.com/items/foo +``` + +...путь выглядит так: + +``` +/items/foo +``` + +!!! info "Дополнительная иформация" + Термин "path" также часто называется "endpoint" или "route". + +При создании API, "путь" является основным способом разделения "задач" и "ресурсов". + +#### Операция (operation) + +"Операция" это один из "методов" HTTP. + +Таких, как: + +* `POST` +* `GET` +* `PUT` +* `DELETE` + +...и более экзотических: + +* `OPTIONS` +* `HEAD` +* `PATCH` +* `TRACE` + +По протоколу HTTP можно обращаться к каждому пути, используя один (или несколько) из этих "методов". + +--- + +При создании API принято использовать конкретные HTTP-методы для выполнения определенных действий. + +Обычно используют: + +* `POST`: создать данные. +* `GET`: прочитать. +* `PUT`: изменить (обновить). +* `DELETE`: удалить. + +В OpenAPI каждый HTTP метод называется "**операция**". + +Мы также будем придерживаться этого термина. + +#### Определите *декоратор операции пути (path operation decorator)* + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Декоратор `@app.get("/")` указывает **FastAPI**, что функция, прямо под ним, отвечает за обработку запросов, поступающих по адресу: + +* путь `/` +* использующих get операцию + +!!! info "`@decorator` Дополнительная информация" + Синтаксис `@something` в Python называется "декоратор". + + Вы помещаете его над функцией. Как красивую декоративную шляпу (думаю, что оттуда и происходит этот термин). + + "Декоратор" принимает функцию ниже и выполняет с ней какое-то действие. + + В нашем случае, этот декоратор сообщает **FastAPI**, что функция ниже соответствует **пути** `/` и **операции** `get`. + + Это и есть "**декоратор операции пути**". + +Можно также использовать операции: + +* `@app.post()` +* `@app.put()` +* `@app.delete()` + +И более экзотические: + +* `@app.options()` +* `@app.head()` +* `@app.patch()` +* `@app.trace()` + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Вы можете использовать каждую операцию (HTTP-метод) по своему усмотрению. + + **FastAPI** не навязывает определенного значения для каждого метода. + + Информация здесь представлена как рекомендация, а не требование. + + Например, при использовании GraphQL обычно все действия выполняются только с помощью POST операций. + +### Шаг 4: определите **функцию операции пути** + +Вот "**функция операции пути**": + +* **путь**: `/`. +* **операция**: `get`. +* **функция**: функция ниже "декоратора" (ниже `@app.get("/")`). + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Это обычная Python функция. + +**FastAPI** будет вызывать её каждый раз при получении `GET` запроса к URL "`/`". + +В данном случае это асинхронная функция. + +--- + +Вы также можете определить ее как обычную функцию вместо `async def`: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +!!! note "Технические детали" + Если не знаете в чём разница, посмотрите [Конкурентность: *"Нет времени?"*](../async.md#in-a-hurry){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +### Шаг 5: верните результат + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Вы можете вернуть `dict`, `list`, отдельные значения `str`, `int` и т.д. + +Также можно вернуть модели Pydantic (рассмотрим это позже). + +Многие объекты и модели будут автоматически преобразованы в JSON (включая ORM). Пробуйте использовать другие объекты, которые предпочтительней для Вас, вероятно, они уже поддерживаются. + +## Резюме + +* Импортируем `FastAPI`. +* Создаём экземпляр `app`. +* Пишем **декоратор операции пути** (такой как `@app.get("/")`). +* Пишем **функцию операции пути** (`def root(): ...`). +* Запускаем сервер в режиме разработки (`uvicorn main:app --reload`). diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f578cf198 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md @@ -0,0 +1,261 @@ +# Обработка ошибок + +Существует множество ситуаций, когда необходимо сообщить об ошибке клиенту, использующему ваш API. + +Таким клиентом может быть браузер с фронтендом, чужой код, IoT-устройство и т.д. + +Возможно, вам придется сообщить клиенту о следующем: + +* Клиент не имеет достаточных привилегий для выполнения данной операции. +* Клиент не имеет доступа к данному ресурсу. +* Элемент, к которому клиент пытался получить доступ, не существует. +* и т.д. + +В таких случаях обычно возвращается **HTTP-код статуса ответа** в диапазоне **400** (от 400 до 499). + +Они похожи на двухсотые HTTP статус-коды (от 200 до 299), которые означают, что запрос обработан успешно. + +Четырёхсотые статус-коды означают, что ошибка произошла по вине клиента. + +Помните ли ошибки **"404 Not Found "** (и шутки) ? + +## Использование `HTTPException` + +Для возврата клиенту HTTP-ответов с ошибками используется `HTTPException`. + +### Импортируйте `HTTPException` + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### Вызовите `HTTPException` в своем коде + +`HTTPException` - это обычное исключение Python с дополнительными данными, актуальными для API. + +Поскольку это исключение Python, то его не `возвращают`, а `вызывают`. + +Это также означает, что если вы находитесь внутри функции, которая вызывается внутри вашей *функции операции пути*, и вы поднимаете `HTTPException` внутри этой функции, то она не будет выполнять остальной код в *функции операции пути*, а сразу завершит запрос и отправит HTTP-ошибку из `HTTPException` клиенту. + +О том, насколько выгоднее `вызывать` исключение, чем `возвращать` значение, будет рассказано в разделе, посвященном зависимостям и безопасности. + +В данном примере, когда клиент запрашивает элемент по несуществующему ID, возникает исключение со статус-кодом `404`: + +```Python hl_lines="11" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### Возвращаемый ответ + +Если клиент запросит `http://example.com/items/foo` (`item_id` `"foo"`), то он получит статус-код 200 и ответ в формате JSON: + +```JSON +{ + "item": "The Foo Wrestlers" +} +``` + +Но если клиент запросит `http://example.com/items/bar` (несуществующий `item_id` `"bar"`), то он получит статус-код 404 (ошибка "не найдено") и JSON-ответ в виде: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": "Item not found" +} +``` + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + При вызове `HTTPException` в качестве параметра `detail` можно передавать любое значение, которое может быть преобразовано в JSON, а не только `str`. + + Вы можете передать `dict`, `list` и т.д. + + Они автоматически обрабатываются **FastAPI** и преобразуются в JSON. + +## Добавление пользовательских заголовков + +В некоторых ситуациях полезно иметь возможность добавлять пользовательские заголовки к ошибке HTTP. Например, для некоторых типов безопасности. + +Скорее всего, вам не потребуется использовать его непосредственно в коде. + +Но в случае, если это необходимо для продвинутого сценария, можно добавить пользовательские заголовки: + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +## Установка пользовательских обработчиков исключений + +Вы можете добавить пользовательские обработчики исключений с помощью то же самое исключение - утилиты от Starlette. + +Допустим, у вас есть пользовательское исключение `UnicornException`, которое вы (или используемая вами библиотека) можете `вызвать`. + +И вы хотите обрабатывать это исключение глобально с помощью FastAPI. + +Можно добавить собственный обработчик исключений с помощью `@app.exception_handler()`: + +```Python hl_lines="5-7 13-18 24" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +Здесь, если запросить `/unicorns/yolo`, то *операция пути* вызовет `UnicornException`. + +Но оно будет обработано `unicorn_exception_handler`. + +Таким образом, вы получите чистую ошибку с кодом состояния HTTP `418` и содержимым JSON: + +```JSON +{"message": "Oops! yolo did something. There goes a rainbow..."} +``` + +!!! note "Технические детали" + Также можно использовать `from starlette.requests import Request` и `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`. + + **FastAPI** предоставляет тот же `starlette.responses`, что и `fastapi.responses`, просто для удобства разработчика. Однако большинство доступных ответов поступает непосредственно из Starlette. То же самое касается и `Request`. + +## Переопределение стандартных обработчиков исключений + +**FastAPI** имеет некоторые обработчики исключений по умолчанию. + +Эти обработчики отвечают за возврат стандартных JSON-ответов при `вызове` `HTTPException` и при наличии в запросе недопустимых данных. + +Вы можете переопределить эти обработчики исключений на свои собственные. + +### Переопределение исключений проверки запроса + +Когда запрос содержит недопустимые данные, **FastAPI** внутренне вызывает ошибку `RequestValidationError`. + +А также включает в себя обработчик исключений по умолчанию. + +Чтобы переопределить его, импортируйте `RequestValidationError` и используйте его с `@app.exception_handler(RequestValidationError)` для создания обработчика исключений. + +Обработчик исключения получит объект `Request` и исключение. + +```Python hl_lines="2 14-16" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +Теперь, если перейти к `/items/foo`, то вместо стандартной JSON-ошибки с: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "path", + "item_id" + ], + "msg": "value is not a valid integer", + "type": "type_error.integer" + } + ] +} +``` + +вы получите текстовую версию: + +``` +1 validation error +path -> item_id + value is not a valid integer (type=type_error.integer) +``` + +#### `RequestValidationError` или `ValidationError` + +!!! warning "Внимание" + Это технические детали, которые можно пропустить, если они не важны для вас сейчас. + +`RequestValidationError` является подклассом Pydantic `ValidationError`. + +**FastAPI** использует его для того, чтобы, если вы используете Pydantic-модель в `response_model`, и ваши данные содержат ошибку, вы увидели ошибку в журнале. + +Но клиент/пользователь этого не увидит. Вместо этого клиент получит сообщение "Internal Server Error" с кодом состояния HTTP `500`. + +Так и должно быть, потому что если в вашем *ответе* или где-либо в вашем коде (не в *запросе* клиента) возникает Pydantic `ValidationError`, то это действительно ошибка в вашем коде. + +И пока вы не устраните ошибку, ваши клиенты/пользователи не должны иметь доступа к внутренней информации о ней, так как это может привести к уязвимости в системе безопасности. + +### Переопределите обработчик ошибок `HTTPException` + +Аналогичным образом можно переопределить обработчик `HTTPException`. + +Например, для этих ошибок можно вернуть обычный текстовый ответ вместо JSON: + +```Python hl_lines="3-4 9-11 22" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +!!! note "Технические детали" + Можно также использовать `from starlette.responses import PlainTextResponse`. + + **FastAPI** предоставляет тот же `starlette.responses`, что и `fastapi.responses`, просто для удобства разработчика. Однако большинство доступных ответов поступает непосредственно из Starlette. + +### Используйте тело `RequestValidationError` + +Ошибка `RequestValidationError` содержит полученное `тело` с недопустимыми данными. + +Вы можете использовать его при разработке приложения для регистрации тела и его отладки, возврата пользователю и т.д. + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +Теперь попробуйте отправить недействительный элемент, например: + +```JSON +{ + "title": "towel", + "size": "XL" +} +``` + +Вы получите ответ о том, что данные недействительны, содержащий следующее тело: + +```JSON hl_lines="12-15" +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "body", + "size" + ], + "msg": "value is not a valid integer", + "type": "type_error.integer" + } + ], + "body": { + "title": "towel", + "size": "XL" + } +} +``` + +#### `HTTPException` в FastAPI или в Starlette + +**FastAPI** имеет собственный `HTTPException`. + +Класс ошибок **FastAPI** `HTTPException` наследует от класса ошибок Starlette `HTTPException`. + +Единственное отличие заключается в том, что `HTTPException` от **FastAPI** позволяет добавлять заголовки, которые будут включены в ответ. + +Он необходим/используется внутри системы для OAuth 2.0 и некоторых утилит безопасности. + +Таким образом, вы можете продолжать вызывать `HTTPException` от **FastAPI** как обычно в своем коде. + +Но когда вы регистрируете обработчик исключений, вы должны зарегистрировать его для `HTTPException` от Starlette. + +Таким образом, если какая-либо часть внутреннего кода Starlette, расширение или плагин Starlette вызовет исключение Starlette `HTTPException`, ваш обработчик сможет перехватить и обработать его. + +В данном примере, чтобы иметь возможность использовать оба `HTTPException` в одном коде, исключения Starlette переименованы в `StarletteHTTPException`: + +```Python +from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException as StarletteHTTPException +``` + +### Переиспользование обработчиков исключений **FastAPI** + +Если вы хотите использовать исключение вместе с теми же обработчиками исключений по умолчанию из **FastAPI**, вы можете импортировать и повторно использовать обработчики исключений по умолчанию из `fastapi.exception_handlers`: + +```Python hl_lines="2-5 15 21" +{!../../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +В этом примере вы просто `выводите в терминал` ошибку с очень выразительным сообщением, но идея вам понятна. Вы можете использовать исключение, а затем просто повторно использовать стандартные обработчики исключений. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/header-params.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/header-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1be4ac707 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/header-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,227 @@ +# Header-параметры + +Вы можете определить параметры заголовка таким же образом, как вы определяете параметры `Query`, `Path` и `Cookie`. + +## Импорт `Header` + +Сперва импортируйте `Header`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +## Объявление параметров `Header` + +Затем объявите параметры заголовка, используя ту же структуру, что и с `Path`, `Query` и `Cookie`. + +Первое значение является значением по умолчанию, вы можете передать все дополнительные параметры валидации или аннотации: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +!!! note "Технические детали" + `Header` - это "родственный" класс `Path`, `Query` и `Cookie`. Он также наследуется от того же общего класса `Param`. + + Но помните, что когда вы импортируете `Query`, `Path`, `Header` и другие из `fastapi`, на самом деле это функции, которые возвращают специальные классы. + +!!! info "Дополнительная информация" + Чтобы объявить заголовки, важно использовать `Header`, иначе параметры интерпретируются как query-параметры. + +## Автоматическое преобразование + +`Header` обладает небольшой дополнительной функциональностью в дополнение к тому, что предоставляют `Path`, `Query` и `Cookie`. + +Большинство стандартных заголовков разделены символом "дефис", также известным как "минус" (`-`). + +Но переменная вроде `user-agent` недопустима в Python. + +По умолчанию `Header` преобразует символы имен параметров из символа подчеркивания (`_`) в дефис (`-`) для извлечения и документирования заголовков. + +Кроме того, HTTP-заголовки не чувствительны к регистру, поэтому вы можете объявить их в стандартном стиле Python (также известном как "snake_case"). + +Таким образом вы можете использовать `user_agent`, как обычно, в коде Python, вместо того, чтобы вводить заглавные буквы как `User_Agent` или что-то подобное. + +Если по какой-либо причине вам необходимо отключить автоматическое преобразование подчеркиваний в дефисы, установите для параметра `convert_underscores` в `Header` значение `False`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +!!! warning "Внимание" + Прежде чем установить для `convert_underscores` значение `False`, имейте в виду, что некоторые HTTP-прокси и серверы запрещают использование заголовков с подчеркиванием. + +## Повторяющиеся заголовки + +Есть возможность получать несколько заголовков с одним и тем же именем, но разными значениями. + +Вы можете определить эти случаи, используя список в объявлении типа. + +Вы получите все значения из повторяющегося заголовка в виде `list` Python. + +Например, чтобы объявить заголовок `X-Token`, который может появляться более одного раза, вы можете написать: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +Если вы взаимодействуете с этой *операцией пути*, отправляя два HTTP-заголовка, таких как: + +``` +X-Token: foo +X-Token: bar +``` + +Ответ был бы таким: + +```JSON +{ + "X-Token values": [ + "bar", + "foo" + ] +} +``` + +## Резюме + +Объявляйте заголовки с помощью `Header`, используя тот же общий шаблон, как при `Query`, `Path` и `Cookie`. + +И не беспокойтесь о символах подчеркивания в ваших переменных, **FastAPI** позаботится об их преобразовании. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea3a1c37a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +# Учебник - Руководство пользователя + +В этом руководстве шаг за шагом показано, как использовать **FastApi** с большинством его функций. + +Каждый раздел постепенно основывается на предыдущих, но он структурирован по отдельным темам, так что вы можете перейти непосредственно к конкретной теме для решения ваших конкретных потребностей в API. + +Он также создан для использования в качестве будущего справочника. + +Так что вы можете вернуться и посмотреть именно то, что вам нужно. + +## Запустите код + +Все блоки кода можно копировать и использовать напрямую (на самом деле это проверенные файлы Python). + +Чтобы запустить любой из примеров, скопируйте код в файл `main.py` и запустите `uvicorn` с параметрами: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +**НАСТОЯТЕЛЬНО рекомендуется**, чтобы вы написали или скопировали код, отредактировали его и запустили локально. + +Использование кода в вашем редакторе — это то, что действительно показывает вам преимущества FastAPI, видя, как мало кода вам нужно написать, все проверки типов, автодополнение и т.д. + +--- + +## Установка FastAPI + +Первый шаг — установить FastAPI. + +Для руководства вы, возможно, захотите установить его со всеми дополнительными зависимостями и функциями: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +...это также включает `uvicorn`, который вы можете использовать в качестве сервера, который запускает ваш код. + +!!! note "Технические детали" + Вы также можете установить его по частям. + + Это то, что вы, вероятно, сделаете, когда захотите развернуть свое приложение в рабочей среде: + + ``` + pip install fastapi + ``` + + Также установите `uvicorn` для работы в качестве сервера: + + ``` + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + ``` + + И то же самое для каждой из необязательных зависимостей, которые вы хотите использовать. + +## Продвинутое руководство пользователя + +Существует также **Продвинутое руководство пользователя**, которое вы сможете прочитать после руководства **Учебник - Руководство пользователя**. + +**Продвинутое руководство пользователя** основано на этом, использует те же концепции и учит вас некоторым дополнительным функциям. + +Но вы должны сначала прочитать **Учебник - Руководство пользователя** (то, что вы читаете прямо сейчас). + +Он разработан таким образом, что вы можете создать полноценное приложение, используя только **Учебник - Руководство пользователя**, а затем расширить его различными способами, в зависимости от ваших потребностей, используя некоторые дополнительные идеи из **Продвинутого руководства пользователя**. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/metadata.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/metadata.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..331c96734 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/metadata.md @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +# URL-адреса метаданных и документации + +Вы можете настроить несколько конфигураций метаданных в вашем **FastAPI** приложении. + +## Метаданные для API + +Вы можете задать следующие поля, которые используются в спецификации OpenAPI и в UI автоматической документации API: + +| Параметр | Тип | Описание | +|------------|--|-------------| +| `title` | `str` | Заголовок API. | +| `description` | `str` | Краткое описание API. Может быть использован Markdown. | +| `version` | `string` | Версия API. Версия вашего собственного приложения, а не OpenAPI. К примеру `2.5.0`. | +| `terms_of_service` | `str` | Ссылка к условиям пользования API. Если указано, то это должен быть URL-адрес. | +| `contact` | `dict` | Контактная информация для открытого API. Может содержать несколько полей.
поля contact
ПараметрТипОписание
namestrИдентификационное имя контактного лица/организации.
urlstrURL указывающий на контактную информацию. ДОЛЖЕН быть в формате URL.
emailstrEmail адрес контактного лица/организации. ДОЛЖЕН быть в формате email адреса.
| +| `license_info` | `dict` | Информация о лицензии открытого API. Может содержать несколько полей.
поля license_info
ПараметрТипОписание
namestrОБЯЗАТЕЛЬНО (если установлен параметр license_info). Название лицензии, используемой для API
urlstrURL, указывающий на лицензию, используемую для API. ДОЛЖЕН быть в формате URL.
| + +Вы можете задать их следующим образом: + +```Python hl_lines="3-16 19-31" +{!../../../docs_src/metadata/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Вы можете использовать Markdown в поле `description`, и оно будет отображено в выводе. + +С этой конфигурацией автоматическая документация API будут выглядеть так: + + + +## Метаданные для тегов + +Вы также можете добавить дополнительные метаданные для различных тегов, используемых для группировки ваших операций пути с помощью параметра `openapi_tags`. + +Он принимает список, содержащий один словарь для каждого тега. + +Каждый словарь может содержать в себе: + +* `name` (**обязательно**): `str`-значение с тем же именем тега, которое вы используете в параметре `tags` в ваших *операциях пути* и `APIRouter`ах. +* `description`: `str`-значение с кратким описанием для тега. Может содержать Markdown и будет отображаться в UI документации. +* `externalDocs`: `dict`-значение описывающее внешнюю документацию. Включает в себя: + * `description`: `str`-значение с кратким описанием для внешней документации. + * `url` (**обязательно**): `str`-значение с URL-адресом для внешней документации. + +### Создание метаданных для тегов + +Давайте попробуем сделать это на примере с тегами для `users` и `items`. + +Создайте метаданные для ваших тегов и передайте их в параметре `openapi_tags`: + +```Python hl_lines="3-16 18" +{!../../../docs_src/metadata/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +Помните, что вы можете использовать Markdown внутри описания, к примеру "login" будет отображен жирным шрифтом (**login**) и "fancy" будет отображаться курсивом (_fancy_). + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Вам необязательно добавлять метаданные для всех используемых тегов + +### Используйте собственные теги +Используйте параметр `tags` с вашими *операциями пути* (и `APIRouter`ами), чтобы присвоить им различные теги: + +```Python hl_lines="21 26" +{!../../../docs_src/metadata/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +!!! info "Дополнительная информация" + Узнайте больше о тегах в [Конфигурации операции пути](../path-operation-configuration/#tags){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +### Проверьте документацию + +Теперь, если вы проверите документацию, вы увидите всю дополнительную информацию: + + + +### Порядок расположения тегов + +Порядок расположения словарей метаданных для каждого тега определяет также порядок, отображаемый в документах UI + +К примеру, несмотря на то, что `users` будут идти после `items` в алфавитном порядке, они отображаются раньше, потому что мы добавляем свои метаданные в качестве первого словаря в списке. + +## URL-адреса OpenAPI + +По умолчанию схема OpenAPI отображена по адресу `/openapi.json`. + +Но вы можете изменить это с помощью параметра `openapi_url`. + +К примеру, чтобы задать её отображение по адресу `/api/v1/openapi.json`: + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/metadata/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +Если вы хотите отключить схему OpenAPI полностью, вы можете задать `openapi_url=None`, это также отключит пользовательские интерфейсы документации, которые его использует. + +## URL-адреса документации + +Вы можете изменить конфигурацию двух пользовательских интерфейсов документации, среди которых + +* **Swagger UI**: отображаемый по адресу `/docs`. + * Вы можете задать его URL с помощью параметра `docs_url`. + * Вы можете отключить это с помощью настройки `docs_url=None`. +* **ReDoc**: отображаемый по адресу `/redoc`. + * Вы можете задать его URL с помощью параметра `redoc_url`. + * Вы можете отключить это с помощью настройки `redoc_url=None`. + +К примеру, чтобы задать отображение Swagger UI по адресу `/documentation` и отключить ReDoc: + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/metadata/tutorial003.py!} +``` diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..db99409f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ +# Конфигурация операций пути + +Существует несколько параметров, которые вы можете передать вашему *декоратору операций пути* для его настройки. + +!!! warning "Внимание" + Помните, что эти параметры передаются непосредственно *декоратору операций пути*, а не вашей *функции-обработчику операций пути*. + +## Коды состояния + +Вы можете определить (HTTP) `status_code`, который будет использован в ответах вашей *операции пути*. + +Вы можете передать только `int`-значение кода, например `404`. + +Но если вы не помните, для чего нужен каждый числовой код, вы можете использовать сокращенные константы в параметре `status`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3 17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3 17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +Этот код состояния будет использован в ответе и будет добавлен в схему OpenAPI. + +!!! note "Технические детали" + Вы также можете использовать `from starlette import status`. + + **FastAPI** предоставляет тот же `starlette.status` под псевдонимом `fastapi.status` для удобства разработчика. Но его источник - это непосредственно Starlette. + +## Теги + +Вы можете добавлять теги к вашим *операциям пути*, добавив параметр `tags` с `list` заполненным `str`-значениями (обычно в нём только одна строка): + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="15 20 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17 22 27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17 22 27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +Они будут добавлены в схему OpenAPI и будут использованы в автоматической документации интерфейса: + + + +### Теги с перечислениями + +Если у вас большое приложение, вы можете прийти к необходимости добавить **несколько тегов**, и возможно, вы захотите убедиться в том, что всегда используете **один и тот же тег** для связанных *операций пути*. + +В этих случаях, имеет смысл хранить теги в классе `Enum`. + +**FastAPI** поддерживает это так же, как и в случае с обычными строками: + +```Python hl_lines="1 8-10 13 18" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002b.py!} +``` + +## Краткое и развёрнутое содержание + +Вы можете добавить параметры `summary` и `description`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18-19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +## Описание из строк документации + +Так как описания обычно длинные и содержат много строк, вы можете объявить описание *операции пути* в функции строки документации и **FastAPI** прочитает её отсюда. + +Вы можете использовать Markdown в строке документации, и он будет интерпретирован и отображён корректно (с учетом отступа в строке документации). + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17-25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +Он будет использован в интерактивной документации: + + + +## Описание ответа + +Вы можете указать описание ответа с помощью параметра `response_description`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +!!! info "Дополнительная информация" + Помните, что `response_description` относится конкретно к ответу, а `description` относится к *операции пути* в целом. + +!!! check "Технические детали" + OpenAPI указывает, что каждой *операции пути* необходимо описание ответа. + + Если вдруг вы не укажете его, то **FastAPI** автоматически сгенерирует это описание с текстом "Successful response". + + + +## Обозначение *операции пути* как устаревшей + +Если вам необходимо пометить *операцию пути* как устаревшую, при этом не удаляя её, передайте параметр `deprecated`: + +```Python hl_lines="16" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +Он будет четко помечен как устаревший в интерактивной документации: + + + +Проверьте, как будут выглядеть устаревшие и не устаревшие *операции пути*: + + + +## Резюме + +Вы можете легко конфигурировать и добавлять метаданные в ваши *операции пути*, передавая параметры *декораторам операций пути*. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bd2c29d0a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md @@ -0,0 +1,292 @@ +# Path-параметры и валидация числовых данных + +Так же, как с помощью `Query` вы можете добавлять валидацию и метаданные для query-параметров, так и с помощью `Path` вы можете добавлять такую же валидацию и метаданные для path-параметров. + +## Импорт Path + +Сначала импортируйте `Path` из `fastapi`, а также импортируйте `Annotated`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3-4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +!!! info "Информация" + Поддержка `Annotated` была добавлена в FastAPI начиная с версии 0.95.0 (и с этой версии рекомендуется использовать этот подход). + + Если вы используете более старую версию, вы столкнётесь с ошибками при попытке использовать `Annotated`. + + Убедитесь, что вы [обновили версию FastAPI](../deployment/versions.md#upgrading-the-fastapi-versions){.internal-link target=_blank} как минимум до 0.95.1 перед тем, как использовать `Annotated`. + +## Определите метаданные + +Вы можете указать все те же параметры, что и для `Query`. + +Например, чтобы указать значение метаданных `title` для path-параметра `item_id`, вы можете написать: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +!!! note "Примечание" + Path-параметр всегда является обязательным, поскольку он составляет часть пути. + + Поэтому следует объявить его с помощью `...`, чтобы обозначить, что этот параметр обязательный. + + Тем не менее, даже если вы объявите его как `None` или установите для него значение по умолчанию, это ни на что не повлияет и параметр останется обязательным. + +## Задайте нужный вам порядок параметров + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Это не имеет большого значения, если вы используете `Annotated`. + +Допустим, вы хотите объявить query-параметр `q` как обязательный параметр типа `str`. + +И если вам больше ничего не нужно указывать для этого параметра, то нет необходимости использовать `Query`. + +Но вам по-прежнему нужно использовать `Path` для path-параметра `item_id`. И если по какой-либо причине вы не хотите использовать `Annotated`, то могут возникнуть небольшие сложности. + +Если вы поместите параметр со значением по умолчанию перед другим параметром, у которого нет значения по умолчанию, то Python укажет на ошибку. + +Но вы можете изменить порядок параметров, чтобы параметр без значения по умолчанию (query-параметр `q`) шёл первым. + +Это не имеет значения для **FastAPI**. Он распознает параметры по их названиям, типам и значениям по умолчанию (`Query`, `Path`, и т.д.), ему не важен их порядок. + +Поэтому вы можете определить функцию так: + +=== "Python 3.8 без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +Но имейте в виду, что если вы используете `Annotated`, вы не столкнётесь с этой проблемой, так как вы не используете `Query()` или `Path()` в качестве значения по умолчанию для параметра функции. + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002_an.py!} + ``` + +## Задайте нужный вам порядок параметров, полезные приёмы + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Это не имеет большого значения, если вы используете `Annotated`. + +Здесь описан **небольшой приём**, который может оказаться удобным, хотя часто он вам не понадобится. + +Если вы хотите: + +* объявить query-параметр `q` без `Query` и без значения по умолчанию +* объявить path-параметр `item_id` с помощью `Path` +* указать их в другом порядке +* не использовать `Annotated` + +...то вы можете использовать специальную возможность синтаксиса Python. + +Передайте `*` в качестве первого параметра функции. + +Python не будет ничего делать с `*`, но он будет знать, что все следующие параметры являются именованными аргументами (парами ключ-значение), также известными как kwargs, даже если у них нет значений по умолчанию. + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +### Лучше с `Annotated` + +Имейте в виду, что если вы используете `Annotated`, то, поскольку вы не используете значений по умолчанию для параметров функции, то у вас не возникнет подобной проблемы и вам не придётся использовать `*`. + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003_an.py!} + ``` + +## Валидация числовых данных: больше или равно + +С помощью `Query` и `Path` (и других классов, которые мы разберём позже) вы можете добавлять ограничения для числовых данных. + +В этом примере при указании `ge=1`, параметр `item_id` должен быть больше или равен `1` ("`g`reater than or `e`qual"). + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +## Валидация числовых данных: больше и меньше или равно + +То же самое применимо к: + +* `gt`: больше (`g`reater `t`han) +* `le`: меньше или равно (`l`ess than or `e`qual) + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +## Валидация числовых данных: числа с плавающей точкой, больше и меньше + +Валидация также применима к значениям типа `float`. + +В этом случае становится важной возможность добавить ограничение gt, вместо ge, поскольку в таком случае вы можете, например, создать ограничение, чтобы значение было больше `0`, даже если оно меньше `1`. + +Таким образом, `0.5` будет корректным значением. А `0.0` или `0` — нет. + +То же самое справедливо и для lt. + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + +## Резюме + +С помощью `Query`, `Path` (и других классов, которые мы пока не затронули) вы можете добавлять метаданные и строковую валидацию тем же способом, как и в главе [Query-параметры и валидация строк](query-params-str-validations.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +А также вы можете добавить валидацию числовых данных: + +* `gt`: больше (`g`reater `t`han) +* `ge`: больше или равно (`g`reater than or `e`qual) +* `lt`: меньше (`l`ess `t`han) +* `le`: меньше или равно (`l`ess than or `e`qual) + +!!! info "Информация" + `Query`, `Path` и другие классы, которые мы разберём позже, являются наследниками общего класса `Param`. + + Все они используют те же параметры для дополнительной валидации и метаданных, которые вы видели ранее. + +!!! note "Технические детали" + `Query`, `Path` и другие "классы", которые вы импортируете из `fastapi`, на самом деле являются функциями, которые при вызове возвращают экземпляры одноимённых классов. + + Объект `Query`, который вы импортируете, является функцией. И при вызове она возвращает экземпляр одноимённого класса `Query`. + + Использование функций (вместо использования классов напрямую) нужно для того, чтобы ваш редактор не подсвечивал ошибки, связанные с их типами. + + Таким образом вы можете использовать привычный вам редактор и инструменты разработки, не добавляя дополнительных конфигураций для игнорирования подобных ошибок. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/path-params.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/path-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..55b498ef0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/path-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,251 @@ +# Path-параметры + +Вы можете определить "параметры" или "переменные" пути, используя синтаксис форматированных строк Python: + +```Python hl_lines="6-7" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Значение параметра пути `item_id` будет передано в функцию в качестве аргумента `item_id`. + +Если запустите этот пример и перейдёте по адресу: http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo, то увидите ответ: + +```JSON +{"item_id":"foo"} +``` + +## Параметры пути с типами + +Вы можете объявить тип параметра пути в функции, используя стандартные аннотации типов Python. + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +Здесь, `item_id` объявлен типом `int`. + +!!! check "Заметка" + Это обеспечит поддержку редактора внутри функции (проверка ошибок, автодополнение и т.п.). + +## Преобразование данных + +Если запустите этот пример и перейдёте по адресу: http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/3, то увидите ответ: + +```JSON +{"item_id":3} +``` + +!!! check "Заметка" + Обратите внимание на значение `3`, которое получила (и вернула) функция. Это целочисленный Python `int`, а не строка `"3"`. + + Используя определения типов, **FastAPI** выполняет автоматический "парсинг" запросов. + +## Проверка данных + +Если откроете браузер по адресу http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo, то увидите интересную HTTP-ошибку: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "path", + "item_id" + ], + "msg": "value is not a valid integer", + "type": "type_error.integer" + } + ] +} +``` + +из-за того, что параметр пути `item_id` имеет значение `"foo"`, которое не является типом `int`. + +Та же ошибка возникнет, если вместо `int` передать `float` , например: http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/4.2 + +!!! check "Заметка" + **FastAPI** обеспечивает проверку типов, используя всё те же определения типов. + + Обратите внимание, что в тексте ошибки явно указано место не прошедшее проверку. + + Это очень полезно при разработке и отладке кода, который взаимодействует с API. + +## Документация + +И теперь, когда откроете браузер по адресу: http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs, то увидите вот такую автоматически сгенерированную документацию API: + + + +!!! check "Заметка" + Ещё раз, просто используя определения типов, **FastAPI** обеспечивает автоматическую интерактивную документацию (с интеграцией Swagger UI). + + Обратите внимание, что параметр пути объявлен целочисленным. + +## Преимущества стандартизации, альтернативная документация + +Поскольку сгенерированная схема соответствует стандарту OpenAPI, её можно использовать со множеством совместимых инструментов. + +Именно поэтому, FastAPI сам предоставляет альтернативную документацию API (используя ReDoc), которую можно получить по адресу: http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. + + + +По той же причине, есть множество совместимых инструментов, включая инструменты генерации кода для многих языков. + +## Pydantic + +Вся проверка данных выполняется под капотом с помощью Pydantic. Поэтому вы можете быть уверены в качестве обработки данных. + +Вы можете использовать в аннотациях как простые типы данных, вроде `str`, `float`, `bool`, так и более сложные типы. + +Некоторые из них рассматриваются в следующих главах данного руководства. + +## Порядок имеет значение + +При создании *операций пути* можно столкнуться с ситуацией, когда путь является фиксированным. + +Например, `/users/me`. Предположим, что это путь для получения данных о текущем пользователе. + +У вас также может быть путь `/users/{user_id}`, чтобы получить данные о конкретном пользователе по его ID. + +Поскольку *операции пути* выполняются в порядке их объявления, необходимо, чтобы путь для `/users/me` был объявлен раньше, чем путь для `/users/{user_id}`: + + +```Python hl_lines="6 11" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +Иначе путь для `/users/{user_id}` также будет соответствовать `/users/me`, "подразумевая", что он получает параметр `user_id` со значением `"me"`. + +Аналогично, вы не можете переопределить операцию с путем: + +```Python hl_lines="6 11" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial003b.py!} +``` + +Первый будет выполняться всегда, так как путь совпадает первым. + +## Предопределенные значения + +Что если нам нужно заранее определить допустимые *параметры пути*, которые *операция пути* может принимать? В таком случае можно использовать стандартное перечисление `Enum` Python. + +### Создание класса `Enum` + +Импортируйте `Enum` и создайте подкласс, который наследуется от `str` и `Enum`. + +Мы наследуемся от `str`, чтобы документация API могла понять, что значения должны быть типа `string` и отображалась правильно. + +Затем создайте атрибуты класса с фиксированными допустимыми значениями: + +```Python hl_lines="1 6-9" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +!!! info "Дополнительная информация" + Перечисления (enum) доступны в Python начиная с версии 3.4. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Если интересно, то "AlexNet", "ResNet" и "LeNet" - это названия моделей машинного обучения. + +### Определение *параметра пути* + +Определите *параметр пути*, используя в аннотации типа класс перечисления (`ModelName`), созданный ранее: + +```Python hl_lines="16" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +### Проверьте документацию + +Поскольку доступные значения *параметра пути* определены заранее, интерактивная документация может наглядно их отображать: + + + +### Работа с *перечислениями* в Python + +Значение *параметра пути* будет *элементом перечисления*. + +#### Сравнение *элементов перечисления* + +Вы можете сравнить это значение с *элементом перечисления* класса `ModelName`: + +```Python hl_lines="17" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +#### Получение *значения перечисления* + +Можно получить фактическое значение (в данном случае - `str`) с помощью `model_name.value` или в общем случае `your_enum_member.value`: + +```Python hl_lines="20" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Значение `"lenet"` также можно получить с помощью `ModelName.lenet.value`. + +#### Возврат *элементов перечисления* + +Из *операции пути* можно вернуть *элементы перечисления*, даже вложенные в тело JSON (например в `dict`). + +Они будут преобразованы в соответствующие значения (в данном случае - строки) перед их возвратом клиенту: + +```Python hl_lines="18 21 23" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` +Вы отправите клиенту такой JSON-ответ: + +```JSON +{ + "model_name": "alexnet", + "message": "Deep Learning FTW!" +} +``` + +## Path-параметры, содержащие пути + +Предположим, что есть *операция пути* с путем `/files/{file_path}`. + +Но вам нужно, чтобы `file_path` сам содержал *путь*, например, `home/johndoe/myfile.txt`. + +Тогда URL для этого файла будет такой: `/files/home/johndoe/myfile.txt`. + +### Поддержка OpenAPI + +OpenAPI не поддерживает способов объявления *параметра пути*, содержащего внутри *путь*, так как это может привести к сценариям, которые сложно определять и тестировать. + +Тем не менее это можно сделать в **FastAPI**, используя один из внутренних инструментов Starlette. + +Документация по-прежнему будет работать, хотя и не добавит никакой информации о том, что параметр должен содержать путь. + +### Конвертер пути + +Благодаря одной из опций Starlette, можете объявить *параметр пути*, содержащий *путь*, используя URL вроде: + +``` +/files/{file_path:path} +``` + +В этом случае `file_path` - это имя параметра, а часть `:path`, указывает, что параметр должен соответствовать любому *пути*. + +Можете использовать так: + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Возможно, вам понадобится, чтобы параметр содержал `/home/johndoe/myfile.txt` с ведущим слэшем (`/`). + + В этом случае URL будет таким: `/files//home/johndoe/myfile.txt`, с двойным слэшем (`//`) между `files` и `home`. + +## Резюме +Используя **FastAPI** вместе со стандартными объявлениями типов Python (короткими и интуитивно понятными), вы получаете: + +* Поддержку редактора (проверку ошибок, автозаполнение и т.п.) +* "Парсинг" данных +* Валидацию данных +* Автоматическую документацию API с указанием типов параметров. + +И объявлять типы достаточно один раз. + +Это, вероятно, является главным заметным преимуществом **FastAPI** по сравнению с альтернативными фреймворками (кроме сырой производительности). diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc826b871 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md @@ -0,0 +1,919 @@ +# Query-параметры и валидация строк + +**FastAPI** позволяет определять дополнительную информацию и валидацию для ваших параметров. + +Давайте рассмотрим следующий пример: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +Query-параметр `q` имеет тип `Union[str, None]` (или `str | None` в Python 3.10). Это означает, что входной параметр будет типа `str`, но может быть и `None`. Ещё параметр имеет значение по умолчанию `None`, из-за чего FastAPI определит параметр как необязательный. + +!!! note "Технические детали" + FastAPI определит параметр `q` как необязательный, потому что его значение по умолчанию `= None`. + + `Union` в `Union[str, None]` позволит редактору кода оказать вам лучшую поддержку и найти ошибки. + +## Расширенная валидация + +Добавим дополнительное условие валидации параметра `q` - **длина строки не более 50 символов** (условие проверяется всякий раз, когда параметр `q` не является `None`). + +### Импорт `Query` и `Annotated` + +Чтобы достичь этого, первым делом нам нужно импортировать: + +* `Query` из пакета `fastapi`: +* `Annotated` из пакета `typing` (или из `typing_extensions` для Python ниже 3.9) + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + В Python 3.9 или выше, `Annotated` является частью стандартной библиотеки, таким образом вы можете импортировать его из `typing`. + + ```Python hl_lines="1 3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + В версиях Python ниже Python 3.9 `Annotation` импортируется из `typing_extensions`. + + Эта библиотека будет установлена вместе с FastAPI. + + ```Python hl_lines="3-4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_an.py!} + ``` + +## `Annotated` как тип для query-параметра `q` + +Помните, как ранее я говорил об Annotated? Он может быть использован для добавления метаданных для ваших параметров в разделе [Введение в аннотации типов Python](../python-types.md#type-hints-with-metadata-annotations){.internal-link target=_blank}? + +Пришло время использовать их в FastAPI. 🚀 + +У нас была аннотация следующего типа: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python + q: str | None = None + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python + q: Union[str, None] = None + ``` + +Вот что мы получим, если обернём это в `Annotated`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python + q: Annotated[str | None] = None + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python + q: Annotated[Union[str, None]] = None + ``` + +Обе эти версии означают одно и тоже. `q` - это параметр, который может быть `str` или `None`, и по умолчанию он будет принимать `None`. + +Давайте повеселимся. 🎉 + +## Добавим `Query` в `Annotated` для query-параметра `q` + +Теперь, когда у нас есть `Annotated`, где мы можем добавить больше метаданных, добавим `Query` со значением параметра `max_length` равным 50: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_an.py!} + ``` + +Обратите внимание, что значение по умолчанию всё ещё `None`, так что параметр остаётся необязательным. + +Однако теперь, имея `Query(max_length=50)` внутри `Annotated`, мы говорим FastAPI, что мы хотим извлечь это значение из параметров query-запроса (что произойдёт в любом случае 🤷), и что мы хотим иметь **дополнительные условия валидации** для этого значения (для чего мы и делаем это - чтобы получить дополнительную валидацию). 😎 + +Теперь FastAPI: + +* **Валидирует** (проверяет), что полученные данные состоят максимум из 50 символов +* Показывает **исчерпывающую ошибку** (будет описание местонахождения ошибки и её причины) для клиента в случаях, когда данные не валидны +* **Задокументирует** параметр в схему OpenAPI *операции пути* (что будет отображено в **UI автоматической документации**) + +## Альтернативный (устаревший) способ задать `Query` как значение по умолчанию + +В предыдущих версиях FastAPI (ниже 0.95.0) необходимо было использовать `Query` как значение по умолчанию для query-параметра. Так было вместо размещения его в `Annotated`, так что велика вероятность, что вам встретится такой код. Сейчас объясню. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + При написании нового кода и везде где это возможно, используйте `Annotated`, как было описано ранее. У этого способа есть несколько преимуществ (о них дальше) и никаких недостатков. 🍰 + +Вот как вы могли бы использовать `Query()` в качестве значения по умолчанию параметра вашей функции, установив для параметра `max_length` значение 50: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +В таком случае (без использования `Annotated`), мы заменили значение по умолчанию с `None` на `Query()` в функции. Теперь нам нужно установить значение по умолчанию для query-параметра `Query(default=None)`, что необходимо для тех же целей, как когда ранее просто указывалось значение по умолчанию (по крайней мере, для FastAPI). + +Таким образом: + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None) +``` + +...делает параметр необязательным со значением по умолчанию `None`, также как это делает: + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = None +``` + +И для Python 3.10 и выше: + +```Python +q: str | None = Query(default=None) +``` + +...делает параметр необязательным со значением по умолчанию `None`, также как это делает: + +```Python +q: str | None = None +``` + +Но он явно объявляет его как query-параметр. + +!!! info "Дополнительная информация" + Запомните, важной частью объявления параметра как необязательного является: + + ```Python + = None + ``` + + или: + + ```Python + = Query(default=None) + ``` + + так как `None` указан в качестве значения по умолчанию, параметр будет **необязательным**. + + `Union[str, None]` позволит редактору кода оказать вам лучшую поддержку. Но это не то, на что обращает внимание FastAPI для определения необязательности параметра. + +Теперь, мы можем указать больше параметров для `Query`. В данном случае, параметр `max_length` применяется к строкам: + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, max_length=50) +``` + +Входные данные будут проверены. Если данные недействительны, тогда будет указано на ошибку в запросе (будет описание местонахождения ошибки и её причины). Кроме того, параметр задокументируется в схеме OpenAPI данной *операции пути*. + +### Использовать `Query` как значение по умолчанию или добавить в `Annotated` + +Когда `Query` используется внутри `Annotated`, вы не можете использовать параметр `default` у `Query`. + +Вместо этого, используйте обычное указание значения по умолчанию для параметра функции. Иначе, это будет несовместимо. + +Следующий пример не рабочий: + +```Python +q: Annotated[str, Query(default="rick")] = "morty" +``` + +...потому что нельзя однозначно определить, что именно должно быть значением по умолчанию: `"rick"` или `"morty"`. + +Вам следует использовать (предпочтительно): + +```Python +q: Annotated[str, Query()] = "rick" +``` + +...или как в старом коде, который вам может попасться: + +```Python +q: str = Query(default="rick") +``` + +### Преимущества `Annotated` + +**Рекомендуется использовать `Annotated`** вместо значения по умолчанию в параметрах функции, потому что так **лучше** по нескольким причинам. 🤓 + +Значение **по умолчанию** у **параметров функции** - это **действительно значение по умолчанию**, что более интуитивно понятно для пользователей Python. 😌 + +Вы можете **вызвать** ту же функцию в **иных местах** без FastAPI, и она **сработает как ожидается**. Если это **обязательный** параметр (без значения по умолчанию), ваш **редактор кода** сообщит об ошибке. **Python** также укажет на ошибку, если вы вызовете функцию без передачи ей обязательного параметра. + +Если вы вместо `Annotated` используете **(устаревший) стиль значений по умолчанию**, тогда при вызове этой функции без FastAPI в **другом месте** вам необходимо **помнить** о передаче аргументов функции, чтобы она работала корректно. В противном случае, значения будут отличаться от тех, что вы ожидаете (например, `QueryInfo` или что-то подобное вместо `str`). И ни ваш редактор кода, ни Python не будут жаловаться на работу этой функции, только когда вычисления внутри дадут сбой. + +Так как `Annotated` может принимать более одной аннотации метаданных, то теперь вы можете использовать ту же функцию с другими инструментами, например Typer. 🚀 + +## Больше валидации + +Вы также можете добавить параметр `min_length`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +## Регулярные выражения + +Вы можете определить регулярное выражение, которому должен соответствовать параметр: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +Данное регулярное выражение проверяет, что полученное значение параметра: + +* `^`: начало строки. +* `fixedquery`: в точности содержит строку `fixedquery`. +* `$`: конец строки, не имеет символов после `fixedquery`. + +Не переживайте, если **"регулярное выражение"** вызывает у вас трудности. Это достаточно сложная тема для многих людей. Вы можете сделать множество вещей без использования регулярных выражений. + +Но когда они вам понадобятся, и вы закончите их освоение, то не будет проблемой использовать их в **FastAPI**. + +## Значения по умолчанию + +Вы точно также можете указать любое значение `по умолчанию`, как ранее указывали `None`. + +Например, вы хотите для параметра запроса `q` указать, что он должен состоять минимум из 3 символов (`min_length=3`) и иметь значение по умолчанию `"fixedquery"`: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +!!! note "Технические детали" + Наличие значения по умолчанию делает параметр необязательным. + +## Обязательный параметр + +Когда вам не требуется дополнительная валидация или дополнительные метаданные для параметра запроса, вы можете сделать параметр `q` обязательным просто не указывая значения по умолчанию. Например: + +```Python +q: str +``` + +вместо: + +```Python +q: Union[str, None] = None +``` + +Но у нас query-параметр определён как `Query`. Например: + +=== "Annotated" + + ```Python + q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(min_length=3)] = None + ``` + +=== "без Annotated" + + ```Python + q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, min_length=3) + ``` + +В таком случае, чтобы сделать query-параметр `Query` обязательным, вы можете просто не указывать значение по умолчанию: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Обратите внимание, что даже когда `Query()` используется как значение по умолчанию для параметра функции, мы не передаём `default=None` в `Query()`. + + Лучше будет использовать версию с `Annotated`. 😉 + +### Обязательный параметр с Ellipsis (`...`) + +Альтернативный способ указать обязательность параметра запроса - это указать параметр `default` через многоточие `...`: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b.py!} + ``` + +!!! info "Дополнительная информация" + Если вы ранее не сталкивались с `...`: это специальное значение, часть языка Python и называется "Ellipsis". + + Используется в Pydantic и FastAPI для определения, что значение требуется обязательно. + +Таким образом, **FastAPI** определяет, что параметр является обязательным. + +### Обязательный параметр с `None` + +Вы можете определить, что параметр может принимать `None`, но всё ещё является обязательным. Это может потребоваться для того, чтобы пользователи явно указали параметр, даже если его значение будет `None`. + +Чтобы этого добиться, вам нужно определить `None` как валидный тип для параметра запроса, но также указать `default=...`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c.py!} + ``` + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Pydantic, мощь которого используется в FastAPI для валидации и сериализации, имеет специальное поведение для `Optional` или `Union[Something, None]` без значения по умолчанию. Вы можете узнать об этом больше в документации Pydantic, раздел Обязательные Опциональные поля. + +### Использование Pydantic's `Required` вместо Ellipsis (`...`) + +Если вас смущает `...`, вы можете использовать `Required` из Pydantic: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="2 9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="2 8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d.py!} + ``` + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Запомните, когда вам необходимо объявить query-параметр обязательным, вы можете просто не указывать параметр `default`. Таким образом, вам редко придётся использовать `...` или `Required`. + +## Множество значений для query-параметра + +Для query-параметра `Query` можно указать, что он принимает список значений (множество значений). + +Например, query-параметр `q` может быть указан в URL несколько раз. И если вы ожидаете такой формат запроса, то можете указать это следующим образом: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011.py!} + ``` + +Затем, получив такой URL: + +``` +http://localhost:8000/items/?q=foo&q=bar +``` + +вы бы получили несколько значений (`foo` и `bar`), которые относятся к параметру `q`, в виде Python `list` внутри вашей *функции обработки пути*, в *параметре функции* `q`. + +Таким образом, ответ на этот URL будет: + +```JSON +{ + "q": [ + "foo", + "bar" + ] +} +``` + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Чтобы объявить query-параметр типом `list`, как в примере выше, вам нужно явно использовать `Query`, иначе он будет интерпретирован как тело запроса. + +Интерактивная документация API будет обновлена соответствующим образом, где будет разрешено множество значений: + + + +### Query-параметр со множеством значений по умолчанию + +Вы также можете указать тип `list` со списком значений по умолчанию на случай, если вам их не предоставят: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012.py!} + ``` + +Если вы перейдёте по ссылке: + +``` +http://localhost:8000/items/ +``` + +значение по умолчанию для `q` будет: `["foo", "bar"]` и ответом для вас будет: + +```JSON +{ + "q": [ + "foo", + "bar" + ] +} +``` + +#### Использование `list` + +Вы также можете использовать `list` напрямую вместо `List[str]` (или `list[str]` в Python 3.9+): + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013.py!} + ``` + +!!! note "Технические детали" + Запомните, что в таком случае, FastAPI не будет проверять содержимое списка. + + Например, для List[int] список будет провалидирован (и задокументирован) на содержание только целочисленных элементов. Но для простого `list` такой проверки не будет. + +## Больше метаданных + +Вы можете добавить больше информации об query-параметре. + +Указанная информация будет включена в генерируемую OpenAPI документацию и использована в пользовательском интерфейсе и внешних инструментах. + +!!! note "Технические детали" + Имейте в виду, что разные инструменты могут иметь разные уровни поддержки OpenAPI. + + Некоторые из них могут не отображать (на данный момент) всю заявленную дополнительную информацию, хотя в большинстве случаев отсутствующая функция уже запланирована к разработке. + +Вы можете указать название query-параметра, используя параметр `title`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007.py!} + ``` + +Добавить описание, используя параметр `description`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008.py!} + ``` + +## Псевдонимы параметров + +Представьте, что вы хотите использовать query-параметр с названием `item-query`. + +Например: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?item-query=foobaritems +``` + +Но `item-query` является невалидным именем переменной в Python. + +Наиболее похожее валидное имя `item_query`. + +Но вам всё равно необходим `item-query`... + +Тогда вы можете объявить `псевдоним`, и этот псевдоним будет использоваться для поиска значения параметра запроса: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009.py!} + ``` + +## Устаревшие параметры + +Предположим, вы больше не хотите использовать какой-либо параметр. + +Вы решили оставить его, потому что клиенты всё ещё им пользуются. Но вы хотите отобразить это в документации как устаревший функционал. + +Тогда для `Query` укажите параметр `deprecated=True`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010.py!} + ``` + +В документации это будет отображено следующим образом: + + + +## Исключить из OpenAPI + +Чтобы исключить query-параметр из генерируемой OpenAPI схемы (а также из системы автоматической генерации документации), укажите в `Query` параметр `include_in_schema=False`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated` если возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014.py!} + ``` + +## Резюме + +Вы можете объявлять дополнительные правила валидации и метаданные для ваших параметров запроса. + +Общие метаданные: + +* `alias` +* `title` +* `description` +* `deprecated` +* `include_in_schema` + +Специфичные правила валидации для строк: + +* `min_length` +* `max_length` +* `regex` + +В рассмотренных примерах показано объявление правил валидации для строковых значений `str`. + +В следующих главах вы увидете, как объявлять правила валидации для других типов (например, чисел). diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/query-params.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/query-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6e885cb65 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/query-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,225 @@ +# Query-параметры + +Когда вы объявляете параметры функции, которые не являются параметрами пути, они автоматически интерпретируются как "query"-параметры. + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Query-параметры представляют из себя набор пар ключ-значение, которые идут после знака `?` в URL-адресе, разделенные символами `&`. + +Например, в этом URL-адресе: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10 +``` + +...параметры запроса такие: + +* `skip`: со значением `0` +* `limit`: со значением `10` + +Будучи частью URL-адреса, они "по умолчанию" являются строками. + +Но когда вы объявляете их с использованием аннотаций (в примере выше, как `int`), они конвертируются в указанный тип данных и проходят проверку на соответствие ему. + +Все те же правила, которые применяются к path-параметрам, также применяются и query-параметрам: + +* Поддержка от редактора кода (очевидно) +* "Парсинг" данных +* Проверка на соответствие данных (Валидация) +* Автоматическая документация + +## Значения по умолчанию + +Поскольку query-параметры не являются фиксированной частью пути, они могут быть не обязательными и иметь значения по умолчанию. + +В примере выше значения по умолчанию равны `skip=0` и `limit=10`. + +Таким образом, результат перехода по URL-адресу: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/ +``` + +будет таким же, как если перейти используя параметры по умолчанию: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10 +``` + +Но если вы введёте, например: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=20 +``` + +Значения параметров в вашей функции будут: + +* `skip=20`: потому что вы установили это в URL-адресе +* `limit=10`: т.к это было значение по умолчанию + +## Необязательные параметры + +Аналогично, вы можете объявлять необязательные query-параметры, установив их значение по умолчанию, равное `None`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +В этом случае, параметр `q` будет не обязательным и будет иметь значение `None` по умолчанию. + +!!! Важно + Также обратите внимание, что **FastAPI** достаточно умён чтобы заметить, что параметр `item_id` является path-параметром, а `q` нет, поэтому, это параметр запроса. + +## Преобразование типа параметра запроса + +Вы также можете объявлять параметры с типом `bool`, которые будут преобразованы соответственно: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +В этом случае, если вы сделаете запрос: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=1 +``` + +или + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=True +``` + +или + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=true +``` + +или + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=on +``` + +или + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?short=yes +``` + +или в любом другом варианте написания (в верхнем регистре, с заглавной буквой, и т.п), внутри вашей функции параметр `short` будет иметь значение `True` типа данных `bool` . В противном случае - `False`. + + +## Смешивание query-параметров и path-параметров + +Вы можете объявлять несколько query-параметров и path-параметров одновременно,**FastAPI** сам разберётся, что чем является. + +И вы не обязаны объявлять их в каком-либо определенном порядке. + +Они будут обнаружены по именам: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="6 8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +## Обязательные query-параметры + +Когда вы объявляете значение по умолчанию для параметра, который не является path-параметром (в этом разделе, мы пока что познакомились только с path-параметрами), то это значение не является обязательным. + +Если вы не хотите задавать конкретное значение, но хотите сделать параметр необязательным, вы можете установить значение по умолчанию равным `None`. + +Но если вы хотите сделать query-параметр обязательным, вы можете просто не указывать значение по умолчанию: + +```Python hl_lines="6-7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +Здесь параметр запроса `needy` является обязательным параметром с типом данных `str`. + +Если вы откроете в браузере URL-адрес, например: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item +``` + +...без добавления обязательного параметра `needy`, вы увидите подобного рода ошибку: + +```JSON +{ + "detail": [ + { + "loc": [ + "query", + "needy" + ], + "msg": "field required", + "type": "value_error.missing" + } + ] +} +``` + +Поскольку `needy` является обязательным параметром, вам необходимо указать его в URL-адресе: + +``` +http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item?needy=sooooneedy +``` + +...это будет работать: + +```JSON +{ + "item_id": "foo-item", + "needy": "sooooneedy" +} +``` + +Конечно, вы можете определить некоторые параметры как обязательные, некоторые - со значением по умполчанию, а некоторые - полностью необязательные: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + +В этом примере, у нас есть 3 параметра запроса: + +* `needy`, обязательный `str`. +* `skip`, типа `int` и со значением по умолчанию `0`. +* `limit`, необязательный `int`. + +!!! подсказка + Вы можете использовать класс `Enum` также, как ранее применяли его с [Path-параметрами](path-params.md#predefined-values){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/request-files.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/request-files.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..00f8c8377 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/request-files.md @@ -0,0 +1,314 @@ +# Загрузка файлов + +Используя класс `File`, мы можем позволить клиентам загружать файлы. + +!!! info "Дополнительная информация" + Чтобы получать загруженные файлы, сначала установите `python-multipart`. + + Например: `pip install python-multipart`. + + Это связано с тем, что загружаемые файлы передаются как данные формы. + +## Импорт `File` + +Импортируйте `File` и `UploadFile` из модуля `fastapi`: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +## Определите параметры `File` + +Создайте параметры `File` так же, как вы это делаете для `Body` или `Form`: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +!!! info "Дополнительная информация" + `File` - это класс, который наследуется непосредственно от `Form`. + + Но помните, что когда вы импортируете `Query`, `Path`, `File` и другие из `fastapi`, на самом деле это функции, которые возвращают специальные классы. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Для объявления тела файла необходимо использовать `File`, поскольку в противном случае параметры будут интерпретироваться как параметры запроса или параметры тела (JSON). + +Файлы будут загружены как данные формы. + +Если вы объявите тип параметра у *функции операции пути* как `bytes`, то **FastAPI** прочитает файл за вас, и вы получите его содержимое в виде `bytes`. + +Следует иметь в виду, что все содержимое будет храниться в памяти. Это хорошо подходит для небольших файлов. + +Однако возможны случаи, когда использование `UploadFile` может оказаться полезным. + +## Загрузка файла с помощью `UploadFile` + +Определите параметр файла с типом `UploadFile`: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +Использование `UploadFile` имеет ряд преимуществ перед `bytes`: + +* Использовать `File()` в значении параметра по умолчанию не обязательно. +* При этом используется "буферный" файл: + * Файл, хранящийся в памяти до максимального предела размера, после преодоления которого он будет храниться на диске. +* Это означает, что он будет хорошо работать с большими файлами, такими как изображения, видео, большие бинарные файлы и т.д., не потребляя при этом всю память. +* Из загруженного файла можно получить метаданные. +* Он реализует file-like `async` интерфейс. +* Он предоставляет реальный объект Python `SpooledTemporaryFile` который вы можете передать непосредственно другим библиотекам, которые ожидают файл в качестве объекта. + +### `UploadFile` + +`UploadFile` имеет следующие атрибуты: + +* `filename`: Строка `str` с исходным именем файла, который был загружен (например, `myimage.jpg`). +* `content_type`: Строка `str` с типом содержимого (MIME type / media type) (например, `image/jpeg`). +* `file`: `SpooledTemporaryFile` (a file-like объект). Это фактический файл Python, который можно передавать непосредственно другим функциям или библиотекам, ожидающим файл в качестве объекта. + +`UploadFile` имеет следующие методы `async`. Все они вызывают соответствующие файловые методы (используя внутренний SpooledTemporaryFile). + +* `write(data)`: Записать данные `data` (`str` или `bytes`) в файл. +* `read(size)`: Прочитать количество `size` (`int`) байт/символов из файла. +* `seek(offset)`: Перейти к байту на позиции `offset` (`int`) в файле. + * Наример, `await myfile.seek(0)` перейдет к началу файла. + * Это особенно удобно, если вы один раз выполнили команду `await myfile.read()`, а затем вам нужно прочитать содержимое файла еще раз. +* `close()`: Закрыть файл. + +Поскольку все эти методы являются `async` методами, вам следует использовать "await" вместе с ними. + +Например, внутри `async` *функции операции пути* можно получить содержимое с помощью: + +```Python +contents = await myfile.read() +``` + +Если вы находитесь внутри обычной `def` *функции операции пути*, можно получить прямой доступ к файлу `UploadFile.file`, например: + +```Python +contents = myfile.file.read() +``` + +!!! note "Технические детали `async`" + При использовании методов `async` **FastAPI** запускает файловые методы в пуле потоков и ожидает их. + +!!! note "Технические детали Starlette" + **FastAPI** наследует `UploadFile` непосредственно из **Starlette**, но добавляет некоторые детали для совместимости с **Pydantic** и другими частями FastAPI. + +## Про данные формы ("Form Data") + +Способ, которым HTML-формы (`
`) отправляют данные на сервер, обычно использует "специальную" кодировку для этих данных, отличную от JSON. + +**FastAPI** позаботится о том, чтобы считать эти данные из нужного места, а не из JSON. + +!!! note "Технические детали" + Данные из форм обычно кодируются с использованием "media type" `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` когда он не включает файлы. + + Но когда форма включает файлы, она кодируется как multipart/form-data. Если вы используете `File`, **FastAPI** будет знать, что ему нужно получить файлы из нужной части тела. + + Если вы хотите узнать больше об этих кодировках и полях форм, перейдите по ссылке MDN web docs for POST. + +!!! warning "Внимание" + В операции *функции операции пути* можно объявить несколько параметров `File` и `Form`, но нельзя также объявлять поля `Body`, которые предполагается получить в виде JSON, поскольку тело запроса будет закодировано с помощью `multipart/form-data`, а не `application/json`. + + Это не является ограничением **FastAPI**, это часть протокола HTTP. + +## Необязательная загрузка файлов + +Вы можете сделать загрузку файла необязательной, используя стандартные аннотации типов и установив значение по умолчанию `None`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10 18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="7 15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="9 17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02.py!} + ``` + +## `UploadFile` с дополнительными метаданными + +Вы также можете использовать `File()` вместе с `UploadFile`, например, для установки дополнительных метаданных: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8 14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="7 13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03.py!} + ``` + +## Загрузка нескольких файлов + +Можно одновременно загружать несколько файлов. + +Они будут связаны с одним и тем же "полем формы", отправляемым с помощью данных формы. + +Для этого необходимо объявить список `bytes` или `UploadFile`: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10 15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11 16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="8 13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="10 15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +Вы получите, как и было объявлено, список `list` из `bytes` или `UploadFile`. + +!!! note "Technical Details" + Можно также использовать `from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse`. + + **FastAPI** предоставляет тот же `starlette.responses`, что и `fastapi.responses`, просто для удобства разработчика. Однако большинство доступных ответов поступает непосредственно из Starlette. + +### Загрузка нескольких файлов с дополнительными метаданными + +Так же, как и раньше, вы можете использовать `File()` для задания дополнительных параметров, даже для `UploadFile`: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11 18-20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12 19-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="9 16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="11 18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +## Резюме + +Используйте `File`, `bytes` и `UploadFile` для работы с файлами, которые будут загружаться и передаваться в виде данных формы. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3f587c38a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +# Файлы и формы в запросе + +Вы можете определять файлы и поля формы одновременно, используя `File` и `Form`. + +!!! info "Дополнительная информация" + Чтобы получать загруженные файлы и/или данные форм, сначала установите `python-multipart`. + + Например: `pip install python-multipart`. + +## Импортируйте `File` и `Form` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +## Определите параметры `File` и `Form` + +Создайте параметры файла и формы таким же образом, как для `Body` или `Query`: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10-12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +Файлы и поля формы будут загружены в виде данных формы, и вы получите файлы и поля формы. + +Вы можете объявить некоторые файлы как `bytes`, а некоторые - как `UploadFile`. + +!!! warning "Внимание" + Вы можете объявить несколько параметров `File` и `Form` в операции *path*, но вы не можете также объявить поля `Body`, которые вы ожидаете получить в виде JSON, так как запрос будет иметь тело, закодированное с помощью `multipart/form-data` вместо `application/json`. + + Это не ограничение **Fast API**, это часть протокола HTTP. + +## Резюме + +Используйте `File` и `Form` вместе, когда необходимо получить данные и файлы в одном запросе. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0fc9e4eda --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +# Данные формы + +Когда вам нужно получить поля формы вместо JSON, вы можете использовать `Form`. + +!!! info "Дополнительная информация" + Чтобы использовать формы, сначала установите `python-multipart`. + + Например, выполните команду `pip install python-multipart`. + +## Импорт `Form` + +Импортируйте `Form` из `fastapi`: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать 'Annotated' версию, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +## Определение параметров `Form` + +Создайте параметры формы так же, как это делается для `Body` или `Query`: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Рекомендуется использовать 'Annotated' версию, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +Например, в одном из способов использования спецификации OAuth2 (называемом "потоком пароля") требуется отправить `username` и `password` в виде полей формы. + +Данный способ требует отправку данных для авторизации посредством формы (а не JSON) и обязательного наличия в форме строго именованных полей `username` и `password`. + +Вы можете настроить `Form` точно так же, как настраиваете и `Body` ( `Query`, `Path`, `Cookie`), включая валидации, примеры, псевдонимы (например, `user-name` вместо `username`) и т.д. + +!!! info "Дополнительная информация" + `Form` - это класс, который наследуется непосредственно от `Body`. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Вам необходимо явно указывать параметр `Form` при объявлении каждого поля, иначе поля будут интерпретироваться как параметры запроса или параметры тела (JSON). + +## О "полях формы" + +Обычно способ, которым HTML-формы (`
`) отправляют данные на сервер, использует "специальное" кодирование для этих данных, отличное от JSON. + +**FastAPI** гарантирует правильное чтение этих данных из соответствующего места, а не из JSON. + +!!! note "Технические детали" + Данные из форм обычно кодируются с использованием "типа медиа" `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`. + + Но когда форма содержит файлы, она кодируется как `multipart/form-data`. Вы узнаете о работе с файлами в следующей главе. + + Если вы хотите узнать больше про кодировки и поля формы, ознакомьтесь с документацией MDN для `POST` на веб-сайте. + +!!! warning "Предупреждение" + Вы можете объявлять несколько параметров `Form` в *операции пути*, но вы не можете одновременно с этим объявлять поля `Body`, которые вы ожидаете получить в виде JSON, так как запрос будет иметь тело, закодированное с использованием `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`, а не `application/json`. + + Это не ограничение **FastAPI**, это часть протокола HTTP. + +## Резюме + +Используйте `Form` для объявления входных параметров данных формы. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/response-model.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/response-model.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..38b45e2a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/response-model.md @@ -0,0 +1,480 @@ +# Модель ответа - Возвращаемый тип + +Вы можете объявить тип ответа, указав аннотацию **возвращаемого значения** для *функции операции пути*. + +FastAPI позволяет использовать **аннотации типов** таким же способом, как и для ввода данных в **параметры** функции, вы можете использовать модели Pydantic, списки, словари, скалярные типы (такие, как int, bool и т.д.). + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="16 21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18 23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18 23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01.py!} + ``` + +FastAPI будет использовать этот возвращаемый тип для: + +* **Валидации** ответа. + * Если данные невалидны (например, отсутствует одно из полей), это означает, что код *вашего* приложения работает некорректно и функция возвращает не то, что вы ожидаете. В таком случае приложение вернет server error вместо того, чтобы отправить неправильные данные. Таким образом, вы и ваши пользователи можете быть уверены, что получите корректные данные в том виде, в котором они ожидаются. +* Добавьте **JSON схему** для ответа внутри *операции пути* OpenAPI. + * Она будет использована для **автоматически генерируемой документации**. + * А также - для автоматической кодогенерации пользователями. + +Но самое важное: + +* Ответ будет **ограничен и отфильтрован** - т.е. в нем останутся только те данные, которые определены в возвращаемом типе. + * Это особенно важно для **безопасности**, далее мы рассмотрим эту тему подробнее. + +## Параметр `response_model` + +Бывают случаи, когда вам необходимо (или просто хочется) возвращать данные, которые не полностью соответствуют объявленному типу. + +Допустим, вы хотите, чтобы ваша функция **возвращала словарь (dict)** или объект из базы данных, но при этом **объявляете выходной тип как модель Pydantic**. Тогда именно указанная модель будет использована для автоматической документации, валидации и т.п. для объекта, который вы вернули (например, словаря или объекта из базы данных). + +Но если указать аннотацию возвращаемого типа, статическая проверка типов будет выдавать ошибку (абсолютно корректную в данном случае). Она будет говорить о том, что ваша функция должна возвращать данные одного типа (например, dict), а в аннотации вы объявили другой тип (например, модель Pydantic). + +В таком случае можно использовать параметр `response_model` внутри *декоратора операции пути* вместо аннотации возвращаемого значения функции. + +Параметр `response_model` может быть указан для любой *операции пути*: + +* `@app.get()` +* `@app.post()` +* `@app.put()` +* `@app.delete()` +* и др. + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17 22 24-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17 22 24-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17 22 24-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +!!! note "Технические детали" + Помните, что параметр `response_model` является параметром именно декоратора http-методов (`get`, `post`, и т.п.). Не следует его указывать для *функций операций пути*, как вы бы поступили с другими параметрами или с телом запроса. + +`response_model` принимает те же типы, которые можно указать для какого-либо поля в модели Pydantic. Таким образом, это может быть как одиночная модель Pydantic, так и `список (list)` моделей Pydantic. Например, `List[Item]`. + +FastAPI будет использовать значение `response_model` для того, чтобы автоматически генерировать документацию, производить валидацию и т.п. А также для **конвертации и фильтрации выходных данных** в объявленный тип. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Если вы используете анализаторы типов со строгой проверкой (например, mypy), можно указать `Any` в качестве типа возвращаемого значения функции. + + Таким образом вы информируете ваш редактор кода, что намеренно возвращаете данные неопределенного типа. Но возможности FastAPI, такие как автоматическая генерация документации, валидация, фильтрация и т.д. все так же будут работать, просто используя параметр `response_model`. + +### Приоритет `response_model` + +Если одновременно указать аннотацию типа для ответа функции и параметр `response_model` - последний будет иметь больший приоритет и FastAPI будет использовать именно его. + +Таким образом вы можете объявить корректные аннотации типов к вашим функциям, даже если они возвращают тип, отличающийся от указанного в `response_model`. Они будут считаны во время статической проверки типов вашими помощниками, например, mypy. При этом вы все так же используете возможности FastAPI для автоматической документации, валидации и т.д. благодаря `response_model`. + +Вы можете указать значение `response_model=None`, чтобы отключить создание модели ответа для данной *операции пути*. Это может понадобиться, если вы добавляете аннотации типов для данных, не являющихся валидными полями Pydantic. Мы увидим пример кода для такого случая в одном из разделов ниже. + +## Получить и вернуть один и тот же тип данных + +Здесь мы объявили модель `UserIn`, которая хранит пользовательский пароль в открытом виде: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7 9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +!!! info "Информация" + Чтобы использовать `EmailStr`, прежде необходимо установить `email_validator`. + Используйте `pip install email-validator` + или `pip install pydantic[email]`. + +Далее мы используем нашу модель в аннотациях типа как для аргумента функции, так и для выходного значения: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +Теперь всякий раз, когда клиент создает пользователя с паролем, API будет возвращать его пароль в ответе. + +В данном случае это не такая уж большая проблема, поскольку ответ получит тот же самый пользователь, который и создал пароль. + +Но что если мы захотим использовать эту модель для какой-либо другой *операции пути*? Мы можем, сами того не желая, отправить пароль любому другому пользователю. + +!!! danger "Осторожно" + Никогда не храните пароли пользователей в открытом виде, а также никогда не возвращайте их в ответе, как в примере выше. В противном случае - убедитесь, что вы хорошо продумали и учли все возможные риски такого подхода и вам известно, что вы делаете. + +## Создание модели для ответа + +Вместо этого мы можем создать входную модель, хранящую пароль в открытом виде и выходную модель без пароля: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 11 16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 11 16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +В таком случае, даже несмотря на то, что наша *функция операции пути* возвращает тот же самый объект пользователя с паролем, полученным на вход: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +...мы указали в `response_model` модель `UserOut`, в которой отсутствует поле, содержащее пароль - и он будет исключен из ответа: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +Таким образом **FastAPI** позаботится о фильтрации ответа и исключит из него всё, что не указано в выходной модели (при помощи Pydantic). + +### `response_model` или возвращаемый тип данных + +В нашем примере модели входных данных и выходных данных различаются. И если мы укажем аннотацию типа выходного значения функции как `UserOut` - проверка типов выдаст ошибку из-за того, что мы возвращаем некорректный тип. Поскольку это 2 разных класса. + +Поэтому в нашем примере мы можем объявить тип ответа только в параметре `response_model`. + +...но продолжайте читать дальше, чтобы узнать как можно это обойти. + +## Возвращаемый тип и Фильтрация данных + +Продолжим рассматривать предыдущий пример. Мы хотели **аннотировать входные данные одним типом**, а выходное значение - **другим типом**. + +Мы хотим, чтобы FastAPI продолжал **фильтровать** данные, используя `response_model`. + +В прошлом примере, т.к. входной и выходной типы являлись разными классами, мы были вынуждены использовать параметр `response_model`. И как следствие, мы лишались помощи статических анализаторов для проверки ответа функции. + +Но в подавляющем большинстве случаев мы будем хотеть, чтобы модель ответа лишь **фильтровала/удаляла** некоторые данные из ответа, как в нашем примере. + +И в таких случаях мы можем использовать классы и наследование, чтобы пользоваться преимуществами **аннотаций типов** и получать более полную статическую проверку типов. Но при этом все так же получать **фильтрацию ответа** от FastAPI. + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7-10 13-14 18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_01_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-13 15-16 20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_01.py!} + ``` + +Таким образом, мы получаем поддержку редактора кода и mypy в части типов, сохраняя при этом фильтрацию данных от FastAPI. + +Как это возможно? Давайте разберемся. 🤓 + +### Аннотации типов и инструменты для их проверки + +Для начала давайте рассмотрим как наш редактор кода, mypy и другие помощники разработчика видят аннотации типов. + +У модели `BaseUser` есть некоторые поля. Затем `UserIn` наследуется от `BaseUser` и добавляет новое поле `password`. Таким образом модель будет включать в себя все поля из первой модели (родителя), а также свои собственные. + +Мы аннотируем возвращаемый тип функции как `BaseUser`, но фактически мы будем возвращать объект типа `UserIn`. + +Редакторы, mypy и другие инструменты не будут иметь возражений против такого подхода, поскольку `UserIn` является подклассом `BaseUser`. Это означает, что такой тип будет *корректным*, т.к. ответ может быть чем угодно, если это будет `BaseUser`. + +### Фильтрация Данных FastAPI + +FastAPI знает тип ответа функции, так что вы можете быть уверены, что на выходе будут **только** те поля, которые вы указали. + +FastAPI совместно с Pydantic выполнит некоторую магию "под капотом", чтобы убедиться, что те же самые правила наследования классов не используются для фильтрации возвращаемых данных, в противном случае вы могли бы в конечном итоге вернуть гораздо больше данных, чем ожидали. + +Таким образом, вы можете получить все самое лучшее из обоих миров: аннотации типов с **поддержкой инструментов для разработки** и **фильтрацию данных**. + +## Автоматическая документация + +Если посмотреть на сгенерированную документацию, вы можете убедиться, что в ней присутствуют обе JSON схемы - как для входной модели, так и для выходной: + + + +И также обе модели будут использованы в интерактивной документации API: + + + +## Другие аннотации типов + +Бывают случаи, когда вы возвращаете что-то, что не является валидным типом для Pydantic и вы указываете аннотацию ответа функции только для того, чтобы работала поддержка различных инструментов (редактор кода, mypy и др.). + +### Возвращаем Response + +Самый частый сценарий использования - это [возвращать Response напрямую, как описано в расширенной документации](../advanced/response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +```Python hl_lines="8 10-11" +{!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_02.py!} +``` + +Это поддерживается FastAPI по-умолчанию, т.к. аннотация проставлена в классе (или подклассе) `Response`. + +И ваши помощники разработки также будут счастливы, т.к. оба класса `RedirectResponse` и `JSONResponse` являются подклассами `Response`. Таким образом мы получаем корректную аннотацию типа. + +### Подкласс Response в аннотации типа + +Вы также можете указать подкласс `Response` в аннотации типа: + +```Python hl_lines="8-9" +{!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_03.py!} +``` + +Это сработает, потому что `RedirectResponse` является подклассом `Response` и FastAPI автоматически обработает этот простейший случай. + +### Некорректные аннотации типов + +Но когда вы возвращаете какой-либо другой произвольный объект, который не является допустимым типом Pydantic (например, объект из базы данных), и вы аннотируете его подобным образом для функции, FastAPI попытается создать из этого типа модель Pydantic и потерпит неудачу. + +То же самое произошло бы, если бы у вас было что-то вроде Union различных типов и один или несколько из них не являлись бы допустимыми типами для Pydantic. Например, такой вариант приведет к ошибке 💥: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04.py!} + ``` + +...такой код вызовет ошибку, потому что в аннотации указан неподдерживаемый Pydantic тип. А также этот тип не является классом или подклассом `Response`. + +### Возможно ли отключить генерацию модели ответа? + +Продолжим рассматривать предыдущий пример. Допустим, что вы хотите отказаться от автоматической валидации ответа, документации, фильтрации и т.д. + +Но в то же время, хотите сохранить аннотацию возвращаемого типа для функции, чтобы обеспечить работу помощников и анализаторов типов (например, mypy). + +В таком случае, вы можете отключить генерацию модели ответа, указав `response_model=None`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_05_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_05.py!} + ``` + +Тогда FastAPI не станет генерировать модель ответа и вы сможете сохранить такую аннотацию типа, которая вам требуется, никак не влияя на работу FastAPI. 🤓 + +## Параметры модели ответа + +Модель ответа может иметь значения по умолчанию, например: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 11-12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11 13-14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11 13-14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +* `description: Union[str, None] = None` (или `str | None = None` в Python 3.10), где `None` является значением по умолчанию. +* `tax: float = 10.5`, где `10.5` является значением по умолчанию. +* `tags: List[str] = []`, где пустой список `[]` является значением по умолчанию. + +но вы, возможно, хотели бы исключить их из ответа, если данные поля не были заданы явно. + +Например, у вас есть модель с множеством необязательных полей в NoSQL базе данных, но вы не хотите отправлять в качестве ответа очень длинный JSON с множеством значений по умолчанию. + +### Используйте параметр `response_model_exclude_unset` + +Установите для *декоратора операции пути* параметр `response_model_exclude_unset=True`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +и тогда значения по умолчанию не будут включены в ответ. В нем будут только те поля, значения которых фактически были установлены. + +Итак, если вы отправите запрос на данную *операцию пути* для элемента, с ID = `Foo` - ответ (с исключенными значениями по-умолчанию) будет таким: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "price": 50.2 +} +``` + +!!! info "Информация" + "Под капотом" FastAPI использует метод `.dict()` у объектов моделей Pydantic с параметром `exclude_unset`, чтобы достичь такого эффекта. + +!!! info "Информация" + Вы также можете использовать: + + * `response_model_exclude_defaults=True` + * `response_model_exclude_none=True` + + как описано в документации Pydantic для параметров `exclude_defaults` и `exclude_none`. + +#### Если значение поля отличается от значения по-умолчанию + +Если для некоторых полей модели, имеющих значения по-умолчанию, значения были явно установлены - как для элемента с ID = `Bar`, ответ будет таким: + +```Python hl_lines="3 5" +{ + "name": "Bar", + "description": "The bartenders", + "price": 62, + "tax": 20.2 +} +``` + +они не будут исключены из ответа. + +#### Если значение поля совпадает с его значением по умолчанию + +Если данные содержат те же значения, которые являются для этих полей по умолчанию, но были установлены явно - как для элемента с ID = `baz`, ответ будет таким: + +```Python hl_lines="3 5-6" +{ + "name": "Baz", + "description": None, + "price": 50.2, + "tax": 10.5, + "tags": [] +} +``` + +FastAPI достаточно умен (на самом деле, это заслуга Pydantic), чтобы понять, что, хотя `description`, `tax` и `tags` хранят такие же данные, какие должны быть по умолчанию - для них эти значения были установлены явно (а не получены из значений по умолчанию). + +И поэтому, они также будут включены в JSON ответа. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Значением по умолчанию может быть что угодно, не только `None`. + + Им может быть и список (`[]`), значение 10.5 типа `float`, и т.п. + +### `response_model_include` и `response_model_exclude` + +Вы также можете использовать параметры *декоратора операции пути*, такие, как `response_model_include` и `response_model_exclude`. + +Они принимают аргументы типа `set`, состоящий из строк (`str`) с названиями атрибутов, которые либо требуется включить в ответ (при этом исключив все остальные), либо наоборот исключить (оставив в ответе все остальные поля). + +Это можно использовать как быстрый способ исключить данные из ответа, не создавая отдельную модель Pydantic. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Но по-прежнему рекомендуется следовать изложенным выше советам и использовать несколько моделей вместо данных параметров. + + Потому как JSON схема OpenAPI, генерируемая вашим приложением (а также документация) все еще будет содержать все поля, даже если вы использовали `response_model_include` или `response_model_exclude` и исключили некоторые атрибуты. + + То же самое применимо к параметру `response_model_by_alias`. + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="29 35" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="31 37" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial005.py!} + ``` + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + При помощи кода `{"name","description"}` создается объект множества (`set`) с двумя строковыми значениями. + + Того же самого можно достичь используя `set(["name", "description"])`. + +#### Что если использовать `list` вместо `set`? + +Если вы забыли про `set` и использовали структуру `list` или `tuple`, FastAPI автоматически преобразует этот объект в `set`, чтобы обеспечить корректную работу: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="29 35" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial006_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="31 37" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + +## Резюме + +Используйте параметр `response_model` у *декоратора операции пути* для того, чтобы задать модель ответа и в большей степени для того, чтобы быть уверенным, что приватная информация будет отфильтрована. + +А также используйте `response_model_exclude_unset`, чтобы возвращать только те значения, которые были заданы явно. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b2f9b7704 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/response-status-code.md @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +# HTTP коды статуса ответа + +Вы можете задать HTTP код статуса ответа с помощью параметра `status_code` подобно тому, как вы определяете схему ответа в любой из *операций пути*: + +* `@app.get()` +* `@app.post()` +* `@app.put()` +* `@app.delete()` +* и других. + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "Примечание" + Обратите внимание, что `status_code` является атрибутом метода-декоратора (`get`, `post` и т.д.), а не *функции-обработчика пути* в отличие от всех остальных параметров и тела запроса. + +Параметр `status_code` принимает число, обозначающее HTTP код статуса ответа. + +!!! info "Информация" + В качестве значения параметра `status_code` также может использоваться `IntEnum`, например, из библиотеки `http.HTTPStatus` в Python. + +Это позволит: + +* Возвращать указанный код статуса в ответе. +* Документировать его как код статуса ответа в OpenAPI схеме (а значит, и в пользовательском интерфейсе): + + + +!!! note "Примечание" + Некоторые коды статуса ответа (см. следующий раздел) указывают на то, что ответ не имеет тела. + + FastAPI знает об этом и создаст документацию OpenAPI, в которой будет указано, что тело ответа отсутствует. + +## Об HTTP кодах статуса ответа + +!!! note "Примечание" + Если вы уже знаете, что представляют собой HTTP коды статуса ответа, можете перейти к следующему разделу. + +В протоколе HTTP числовой код состояния из 3 цифр отправляется как часть ответа. + +У кодов статуса есть названия, чтобы упростить их распознавание, но важны именно числовые значения. + +Кратко о значениях кодов: + +* `1XX` – статус-коды информационного типа. Они редко используются разработчиками напрямую. Ответы с этими кодами не могут иметь тела. +* **`2XX`** – статус-коды, сообщающие об успешной обработке запроса. Они используются чаще всего. + * `200` – это код статуса ответа по умолчанию, который означает, что все прошло "OK". + * Другим примером может быть статус `201`, "Created". Он обычно используется после создания новой записи в базе данных. + * Особый случай – `204`, "No Content". Этот статус ответа используется, когда нет содержимого для возврата клиенту, и поэтому ответ не должен иметь тела. +* **`3XX`** – статус-коды, сообщающие о перенаправлениях. Ответы с этими кодами статуса могут иметь или не иметь тело, за исключением ответов со статусом `304`, "Not Modified", у которых не должно быть тела. +* **`4XX`** – статус-коды, сообщающие о клиентской ошибке. Это ещё одна наиболее часто используемая категория. + * Пример – код `404` для статуса "Not Found". + * Для общих ошибок со стороны клиента можно просто использовать код `400`. +* `5XX` – статус-коды, сообщающие о серверной ошибке. Они почти никогда не используются разработчиками напрямую. Когда что-то идет не так в какой-то части кода вашего приложения или на сервере, он автоматически вернёт один из 5XX кодов. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Чтобы узнать больше о HTTP кодах статуса и о том, для чего каждый из них предназначен, ознакомьтесь с документацией MDN об HTTP кодах статуса ответа. + +## Краткие обозначения для запоминания названий кодов + +Рассмотрим предыдущий пример еще раз: + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`201` – это код статуса "Создано". + +Но вам не обязательно запоминать, что означает каждый из этих кодов. + +Для удобства вы можете использовать переменные из `fastapi.status`. + +```Python hl_lines="1 6" +{!../../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +Они содержат те же числовые значения, но позволяют использовать подсказки редактора для выбора кода статуса: + + + +!!! note "Технические детали" + Вы также можете использовать `from starlette import status` вместо `from fastapi import status`. + + **FastAPI** позволяет использовать как `starlette.status`, так и `fastapi.status` исключительно для удобства разработчиков. Но поставляется fastapi.status непосредственно из Starlette. + +## Изменение кода статуса по умолчанию + +Позже, в [Руководстве для продвинутых пользователей](../advanced/response-change-status-code.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, вы узнаете, как возвращать HTTP коды статуса, отличные от используемого здесь кода статуса по умолчанию. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a13ab5935 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +# Объявление примера запроса данных + +Вы можете объявлять примеры данных, которые ваше приложение может получать. + +Вот несколько способов, как это можно сделать. + +## Pydantic `schema_extra` + +Вы можете объявить ключ `example` для модели Pydantic, используя класс `Config` и переменную `schema_extra`, как описано в Pydantic документации: Настройка схемы: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="13-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="15-23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +Эта дополнительная информация будет включена в **JSON Schema** выходных данных для этой модели, и она будет использоваться в документации к API. + +!!! tip Подсказка + Вы можете использовать тот же метод для расширения JSON-схемы и добавления своей собственной дополнительной информации. + + Например, вы можете использовать это для добавления дополнительной информации для пользовательского интерфейса в вашем веб-приложении и т.д. + +## Дополнительные аргументы поля `Field` + +При использовании `Field()` с моделями Pydantic, вы также можете объявлять дополнительную информацию для **JSON Schema**, передавая любые другие произвольные аргументы в функцию. + +Вы можете использовать это, чтобы добавить аргумент `example` для каждого поля: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="2 8-11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 10-13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +!!! warning Внимание + Имейте в виду, что эти дополнительные переданные аргументы не добавляют никакой валидации, только дополнительную информацию для документации. + +## Использование `example` и `examples` в OpenAPI + +При использовании любой из этих функций: + +* `Path()` +* `Query()` +* `Header()` +* `Cookie()` +* `Body()` +* `Form()` +* `File()` + +вы также можете добавить аргумент, содержащий `example` или группу `examples` с дополнительной информацией, которая будет добавлена в **OpenAPI**. + +### Параметр `Body` с аргументом `example` + +Здесь мы передаём аргумент `example`, как пример данных ожидаемых в параметре `Body()`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="22-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="22-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="23-28" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip Заметка + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated`, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="18-23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip Заметка + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated`, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="20-25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +### Аргумент "example" в UI документации + +С любым из вышеуказанных методов это будет выглядеть так в `/docs`: + + + +### `Body` с аргументом `examples` + +В качестве альтернативы одному аргументу `example`, вы можете передавать `examples` используя тип данных `dict` с **несколькими примерами**, каждый из которых содержит дополнительную информацию, которая также будет добавлена в **OpenAPI**. + +Ключи `dict` указывают на каждый пример, а значения для каждого из них - на еще один тип `dict` с дополнительной информацией. + +Каждый конкретный пример типа `dict` в аргументе `examples` может содержать: + +* `summary`: Краткое описание для примера. +* `description`: Полное описание, которое может содержать текст в формате Markdown. +* `value`: Это конкретный пример, который отображается, например, в виде типа `dict`. +* `externalValue`: альтернатива параметру `value`, URL-адрес, указывающий на пример. Хотя это может не поддерживаться таким же количеством инструментов разработки и тестирования API, как параметр `value`. + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="23-49" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="23-49" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="24-50" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip Заметка + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated`, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="19-45" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip Заметка + Рекомендуется использовать версию с `Annotated`, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="21-47" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +### Аргумент "examples" в UI документации + +С аргументом `examples`, добавленным в `Body()`, страница документации `/docs` будет выглядеть так: + + + +## Технические Детали + +!!! warning Внимание + Эти технические детали относятся к стандартам **JSON Schema** и **OpenAPI**. + + Если предложенные выше идеи уже работают для вас, возможно этого будет достаточно и эти детали вам не потребуются, можете спокойно их пропустить. + +Когда вы добавляете пример внутрь модели Pydantic, используя `schema_extra` или `Field(example="something")`, этот пример добавляется в **JSON Schema** для данной модели Pydantic. + +И эта **JSON Schema** модели Pydantic включается в **OpenAPI** вашего API, а затем используется в UI документации. + +Поля `example` как такового не существует в стандартах **JSON Schema**. В последних версиях JSON-схемы определено поле `examples`, но OpenAPI 3.0.3 основан на более старой версии JSON-схемы, которая не имела поля `examples`. + +Таким образом, OpenAPI 3.0.3 определяет своё собственное поле `example` для модифицированной версии **JSON Schema**, которую он использует чтобы достичь той же цели (однако это именно поле `example`, а не `examples`), и именно это используется API в UI документации (с интеграцией Swagger UI). + +Итак, хотя поле `example` не является частью JSON-схемы, оно является частью настраиваемой версии JSON-схемы в OpenAPI, и именно это поле будет использоваться в UI документации. + +Однако, когда вы используете поле `example` или `examples` с любой другой функцией (`Query()`, `Body()`, и т.д.), эти примеры не добавляются в JSON-схему, которая описывает эти данные (даже в собственную версию JSON-схемы OpenAPI), они добавляются непосредственно в объявление *операции пути* в OpenAPI (вне частей OpenAPI, которые используют JSON-схему). + +Для функций `Path()`, `Query()`, `Header()`, и `Cookie()`, аргументы `example` или `examples` добавляются в определение OpenAPI, к объекту `Parameter Object` (в спецификации). + +И для функций `Body()`, `File()` и `Form()` аргументы `example` или `examples` аналогично добавляются в определение OpenAPI, к объекту `Request Body Object`, в поле `content` в объекте `Media Type Object` (в спецификации). + +С другой стороны, существует более новая версия OpenAPI: **3.1.0**, недавно выпущенная. Она основана на последней версии JSON-схемы и большинство модификаций из OpenAPI JSON-схемы удалены в обмен на новые возможности из последней версии JSON-схемы, так что все эти мелкие отличия устранены. Тем не менее, Swagger UI в настоящее время не поддерживает OpenAPI 3.1.0, поэтому пока лучше продолжать использовать вышеупомянутые методы. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b70a60a38 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ +# Безопасность - первые шаги + +Представим, что у вас есть свой **бэкенд** API на некотором домене. + +И у вас есть **фронтенд** на другом домене или на другом пути того же домена (или в мобильном приложении). + +И вы хотите иметь возможность аутентификации фронтенда с бэкендом, используя **имя пользователя** и **пароль**. + +Мы можем использовать **OAuth2** для создания такой системы с помощью **FastAPI**. + +Но давайте избавим вас от необходимости читать всю длинную спецификацию, чтобы найти те небольшие кусочки информации, которые вам нужны. + +Для работы с безопасностью воспользуемся средствами, предоставленными **FastAPI**. + +## Как это выглядит + +Давайте сначала просто воспользуемся кодом и посмотрим, как он работает, а затем детально разберём, что происходит. + +## Создание `main.py` + +Скопируйте пример в файл `main.py`: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + + +## Запуск + +!!! info "Дополнительная информация" + Вначале, установите библиотеку `python-multipart`. + + А именно: `pip install python-multipart`. + + Это связано с тем, что **OAuth2** использует "данные формы" для передачи `имени пользователя` и `пароля`. + +Запустите ваш сервер: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +## Проверка + +Перейдите к интерактивной документации по адресу: http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +Вы увидите примерно следующее: + + + +!!! check "Кнопка авторизации!" + У вас уже появилась новая кнопка "Authorize". + + А у *операции пути* теперь появился маленький замочек в правом верхнем углу, на который можно нажать. + +При нажатии на нее появляется небольшая форма авторизации, в которую нужно ввести `имя пользователя` и `пароль` (и другие необязательные поля): + + + +!!! note "Технические детали" + Неважно, что вы введете в форму, она пока не будет работать. Но мы к этому еще придем. + +Конечно, это не фронтенд для конечных пользователей, но это отличный автоматический инструмент для интерактивного документирования всех ваших API. + +Он может использоваться командой фронтенда (которой можете быть и вы сами). + +Он может быть использован сторонними приложениями и системами. + +Кроме того, его можно использовать самостоятельно для отладки, проверки и тестирования одного и того же приложения. + +## Аутентификация по паролю + +Теперь давайте вернемся немного назад и разберемся, что же это такое. + +Аутентификация по паролю является одним из способов, определенных в OAuth2, для обеспечения безопасности и аутентификации. + +OAuth2 был разработан для того, чтобы бэкэнд или API были независимы от сервера, который аутентифицирует пользователя. + +Но в нашем случае одно и то же приложение **FastAPI** будет работать с API и аутентификацией. + +Итак, рассмотрим его с этой упрощенной точки зрения: + +* Пользователь вводит на фронтенде `имя пользователя` и `пароль` и нажимает `Enter`. +* Фронтенд (работающий в браузере пользователя) отправляет эти `имя пользователя` и `пароль` на определенный URL в нашем API (объявленный с помощью параметра `tokenUrl="token"`). +* API проверяет эти `имя пользователя` и `пароль` и выдает в ответ "токен" (мы еще не реализовали ничего из этого). + * "Токен" - это просто строка с некоторым содержимым, которое мы можем использовать позже для верификации пользователя. + * Обычно срок действия токена истекает через некоторое время. + * Таким образом, пользователю придется снова войти в систему в какой-то момент времени. + * И если токен будет украден, то риск будет меньше, так как он не похож на постоянный ключ, который будет работать вечно (в большинстве случаев). +* Фронтенд временно хранит этот токен в каком-то месте. +* Пользователь щелкает мышью на фронтенде, чтобы перейти в другой раздел на фронтенде. +* Фронтенду необходимо получить дополнительные данные из API. + * Но для этого необходима аутентификация для конкретной конечной точки. + * Поэтому для аутентификации в нашем API он посылает заголовок `Authorization` со значением `Bearer` плюс сам токен. + * Если токен содержит `foobar`, то содержание заголовка `Authorization` будет таким: `Bearer foobar`. + +## Класс `OAuth2PasswordBearer` в **FastAPI** + +**FastAPI** предоставляет несколько средств на разных уровнях абстракции для реализации этих функций безопасности. + +В данном примере мы будем использовать **OAuth2**, с аутентификацией по паролю, используя токен **Bearer**. Для этого мы используем класс `OAuth2PasswordBearer`. + +!!! info "Дополнительная информация" + Токен "bearer" - не единственный вариант, но для нашего случая он является наилучшим. + + И это может быть лучшим вариантом для большинства случаев использования, если только вы не являетесь экспертом в области OAuth2 и точно знаете, почему вам лучше подходит какой-то другой вариант. + + В этом случае **FastAPI** также предоставляет инструменты для его реализации. + +При создании экземпляра класса `OAuth2PasswordBearer` мы передаем в него параметр `tokenUrl`. Этот параметр содержит URL, который клиент (фронтенд, работающий в браузере пользователя) будет использовать для отправки `имени пользователя` и `пароля` с целью получения токена. + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="6" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Здесь `tokenUrl="token"` ссылается на относительный URL `token`, который мы еще не создали. Поскольку это относительный URL, он эквивалентен `./token`. + + Поскольку мы используем относительный URL, если ваш API расположен по адресу `https://example.com/`, то он будет ссылаться на `https://example.com/token`. Если же ваш API расположен по адресу `https://example.com/api/v1/`, то он будет ссылаться на `https://example.com/api/v1/token`. + + Использование относительного URL важно для того, чтобы ваше приложение продолжало работать даже в таких сложных случаях, как оно находится [за прокси-сервером](../../advanced/behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Этот параметр не создает конечную точку / *операцию пути*, а объявляет, что URL `/token` будет таким, который клиент должен использовать для получения токена. Эта информация используется в OpenAPI, а затем в интерактивных системах документации API. + +Вскоре мы создадим и саму операцию пути. + +!!! info "Дополнительная информация" + Если вы очень строгий "питонист", то вам может не понравиться стиль названия параметра `tokenUrl` вместо `token_url`. + + Это связано с тем, что тут используется то же имя, что и в спецификации OpenAPI. Таким образом, если вам необходимо более подробно изучить какую-либо из этих схем безопасности, вы можете просто использовать копирование/вставку, чтобы найти дополнительную информацию о ней. + +Переменная `oauth2_scheme` является экземпляром `OAuth2PasswordBearer`, но она также является "вызываемой". + +Ее можно вызвать следующим образом: + +```Python +oauth2_scheme(some, parameters) +``` + +Поэтому ее можно использовать вместе с `Depends`. + +### Использование + +Теперь вы можете передать ваш `oauth2_scheme` в зависимость с помощью `Depends`. + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + Предпочтительнее использовать версию с аннотацией, если это возможно. + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +Эта зависимость будет предоставлять `строку`, которая присваивается параметру `token` в *функции операции пути*. + +**FastAPI** будет знать, что он может использовать эту зависимость для определения "схемы безопасности" в схеме OpenAPI (и автоматической документации по API). + +!!! info "Технические детали" + **FastAPI** будет знать, что он может использовать класс `OAuth2PasswordBearer` (объявленный в зависимости) для определения схемы безопасности в OpenAPI, поскольку он наследуется от `fastapi.security.oauth2.OAuth2`, который, в свою очередь, наследуется от `fastapi.security.base.SecurityBase`. + + Все утилиты безопасности, интегрируемые в OpenAPI (и автоматическая документация по API), наследуются от `SecurityBase`, поэтому **FastAPI** может знать, как интегрировать их в OpenAPI. + +## Что он делает + +Он будет искать в запросе заголовок `Authorization` и проверять, содержит ли он значение `Bearer` с некоторым токеном, и возвращать токен в виде `строки`. + +Если он не видит заголовка `Authorization` или значение не имеет токена `Bearer`, то в ответ будет выдана ошибка с кодом состояния 401 (`UNAUTHORIZED`). + +Для возврата ошибки даже не нужно проверять, существует ли токен. Вы можете быть уверены, что если ваша функция будет выполнилась, то в этом токене есть `строка`. + +Проверить это можно уже сейчас в интерактивной документации: + + + +Мы пока не проверяем валидность токена, но для начала неплохо. + +## Резюме + +Таким образом, всего за 3-4 дополнительные строки вы получаете некую примитивную форму защиты. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/security/index.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/security/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d5fe4e76f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/security/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +# Настройка авторизации + +Существует множество способов обеспечения безопасности, аутентификации и авторизации. + +Обычно эта тема является достаточно сложной и трудной. + +Во многих фреймворках и системах только работа с определением доступов к приложению и аутентификацией требует значительных затрат усилий и написания множества кода (во многих случаях его объём может составлять более 50% от всего написанного кода). + +**FastAPI** предоставляет несколько инструментов, которые помогут вам настроить **Авторизацию** легко, быстро, стандартным способом, без необходимости изучать все её тонкости. + +Но сначала давайте рассмотрим некоторые небольшие концепции. + +## Куда-то торопишься? + +Если вам не нужна информация о каких-либо из следующих терминов и вам просто нужно добавить защиту с аутентификацией на основе логина и пароля *прямо сейчас*, переходите к следующим главам. + +## OAuth2 + +OAuth2 - это протокол, который определяет несколько способов обработки аутентификации и авторизации. + +Он довольно обширен и охватывает несколько сложных вариантов использования. + +OAuth2 включает в себя способы аутентификации с использованием "третьей стороны". + +Это то, что используют под собой все кнопки "вход с помощью Facebook, Google, Twitter, GitHub" на страницах авторизации. + +### OAuth 1 + +Ранее использовался протокол OAuth 1, который сильно отличается от OAuth2 и является более сложным, поскольку он включал прямые описания того, как шифровать сообщение. + +В настоящее время он не очень популярен и не используется. + +OAuth2 не указывает, как шифровать сообщение, он ожидает, что ваше приложение будет обслуживаться по протоколу HTTPS. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + В разделе **Развертывание** вы увидите [как настроить протокол HTTPS бесплатно, используя Traefik и Let's Encrypt.](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/ru/deployment/https/) + + +## OpenID Connect + +OpenID Connect - это еще один протокол, основанный на **OAuth2**. + +Он просто расширяет OAuth2, уточняя некоторые вещи, не имеющие однозначного определения в OAuth2, в попытке сделать его более совместимым. + +Например, для входа в Google используется OpenID Connect (который под собой использует OAuth2). + +Но вход в Facebook не поддерживает OpenID Connect. У него есть собственная вариация OAuth2. + +### OpenID (не "OpenID Connect") + +Также ранее использовался стандарт "OpenID", который пытался решить ту же проблему, что и **OpenID Connect**, но не был основан на OAuth2. + +Таким образом, это была полноценная дополнительная система. + +В настоящее время не очень популярен и не используется. + +## OpenAPI + +OpenAPI (ранее известный как Swagger) - это открытая спецификация для создания API (в настоящее время является частью Linux Foundation). + +**FastAPI** основан на **OpenAPI**. + +Это то, что делает возможным наличие множества автоматических интерактивных интерфейсов документирования, сгенерированного кода и т.д. + +В OpenAPI есть способ использовать несколько "схем" безопасности. + +Таким образом, вы можете воспользоваться преимуществами Всех этих стандартных инструментов, включая интерактивные системы документирования. + +OpenAPI может использовать следующие схемы авторизации: + +* `apiKey`: уникальный идентификатор для приложения, который может быть получен из: + * Параметров запроса. + * Заголовка. + * Cookies. +* `http`: стандартные системы аутентификации по протоколу HTTP, включая: + * `bearer`: заголовок `Authorization` со значением `Bearer {уникальный токен}`. Это унаследовано от OAuth2. + * Базовая аутентификация по протоколу HTTP. + * HTTP Digest и т.д. +* `oauth2`: все способы обеспечения безопасности OAuth2 называемые "потоки" (англ. "flows"). + * Некоторые из этих "потоков" подходят для реализации аутентификации через сторонний сервис использующий OAuth 2.0 (например, Google, Facebook, Twitter, GitHub и т.д.): + * `implicit` + * `clientCredentials` + * `authorizationCode` + * Но есть один конкретный "поток", который может быть идеально использован для обработки аутентификации непосредственно в том же приложении: + * `password`: в некоторых следующих главах будут рассмотрены примеры этого. +* `openIdConnect`: способ определить, как автоматически обнаруживать данные аутентификации OAuth2. + * Это автоматическое обнаружение определено в спецификации OpenID Connect. + + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Интеграция сторонних сервисов для аутентификации/авторизации таких как Google, Facebook, Twitter, GitHub и т.д. осуществляется достаточно легко. + + Самой сложной проблемой является создание такого провайдера аутентификации/авторизации, но **FastAPI** предоставляет вам инструменты, позволяющие легко это сделать, выполняя при этом всю тяжелую работу за вас. + +## Преимущества **FastAPI** + +Fast API предоставляет несколько инструментов для каждой из этих схем безопасности в модуле `fastapi.security`, которые упрощают использование этих механизмов безопасности. + +В следующих главах вы увидите, как обезопасить свой API, используя инструменты, предоставляемые **FastAPI**. + +И вы также увидите, как он автоматически интегрируется в систему интерактивной документации. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/static-files.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/static-files.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec09eb5a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/static-files.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +# Статические Файлы + +Вы можете предоставлять статические файлы автоматически из директории, используя `StaticFiles`. + +## Использование `StaticFiles` + +* Импортируйте `StaticFiles`. +* "Примонтируйте" экземпляр `StaticFiles()` с указанием определенной директории. + +```Python hl_lines="2 6" +{!../../../docs_src/static_files/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! заметка "Технические детали" + Вы также можете использовать `from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles`. + + **FastAPI** предоставляет `starlette.staticfiles` под псевдонимом `fastapi.staticfiles`, просто для вашего удобства, как разработчика. Но на самом деле это берётся напрямую из библиотеки Starlette. + +### Что такое "Монтирование" + +"Монтирование" означает добавление полноценного "независимого" приложения в определенную директорию, которое затем обрабатывает все подпути. + +Это отличается от использования `APIRouter`, так как примонтированное приложение является полностью независимым. +OpenAPI и документация из вашего главного приложения не будет содержать ничего из примонтированного приложения, и т.д. + +Вы можете прочитать больше об этом в **Расширенном руководстве пользователя**. + +## Детали + +Первый параметр `"/static"` относится к подпути, по которому это "подприложение" будет "примонтировано". Таким образом, любой путь начинающийся со `"/static"` будет обработан этим приложением. + +Параметр `directory="static"` относится к имени директории, которая содержит ваши статические файлы. + +`name="static"` даёт имя маршруту, которое может быть использовано внутри **FastAPI**. + +Все эти параметры могут отличаться от "`static`", настройте их в соответствии с вашими нуждами и конкретными деталями вашего собственного приложения. + +## Больше информации + +Для получения дополнительной информации о деталях и настройках ознакомьтесь с Документацией Starlette о статических файлах. diff --git a/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/testing.md b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/testing.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ca47a6f51 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ru/docs/tutorial/testing.md @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +# Тестирование + +Благодаря Starlette, тестировать приложения **FastAPI** легко и приятно. + +Тестирование основано на библиотеке HTTPX, которая в свою очередь основана на библиотеке Requests, так что все действия знакомы и интуитивно понятны. + +Используя эти инструменты, Вы можете напрямую задействовать pytest с **FastAPI**. + +## Использование класса `TestClient` + +!!! info "Информация" + Для использования класса `TestClient` необходимо установить библиотеку `httpx`. + + Например, так: `pip install httpx`. + +Импортируйте `TestClient`. + +Создайте объект `TestClient`, передав ему в качестве параметра Ваше приложение **FastAPI**. + +Создайте функцию, название которой должно начинаться с `test_` (это стандарт из соглашений `pytest`). + +Используйте объект `TestClient` так же, как Вы используете `httpx`. + +Напишите простое утверждение с `assert` дабы проверить истинность Python-выражения (это тоже стандарт `pytest`). + +```Python hl_lines="2 12 15-18" +{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Обратите внимание, что тестирующая функция является обычной `def`, а не асинхронной `async def`. + + И вызов клиента также осуществляется без `await`. + + Это позволяет вам использовать `pytest` без лишних усложнений. + +!!! note "Технические детали" + Также можно написать `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`. + + **FastAPI** предоставляет тот же самый `starlette.testclient` как `fastapi.testclient`. Это всего лишь небольшое удобство для Вас, как разработчика. + +!!! tip "Подсказка" + Если для тестирования Вам, помимо запросов к приложению FastAPI, необходимо вызывать асинхронные функции (например, для подключения к базе данных с помощью асинхронного драйвера), то ознакомьтесь со страницей [Асинхронное тестирование](../advanced/async-tests.md){.internal-link target=_blank} в расширенном руководстве. + +## Разделение тестов и приложения + +В реальном приложении Вы, вероятно, разместите тесты в отдельном файле. + +Кроме того, Ваше приложение **FastAPI** может состоять из нескольких файлов, модулей и т.п. + +### Файл приложения **FastAPI** + +Допустим, структура файлов Вашего приложения похожа на ту, что описана на странице [Более крупные приложения](./bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}: + +``` +. +├── app +│   ├── __init__.py +│   └── main.py +``` + +Здесь файл `main.py` является "точкой входа" в Ваше приложение и содержит инициализацию Вашего приложения **FastAPI**: + + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/main.py!} +``` + +### Файл тестов + +Также у Вас может быть файл `test_main.py` содержащий тесты. Можно разместить тестовый файл и файл приложения в одной директории (в директориях для Python-кода желательно размещать и файл `__init__.py`): + +``` hl_lines="5" +. +├── app +│   ├── __init__.py +│   ├── main.py +│   └── test_main.py +``` + +Так как оба файла находятся в одной директории, для импорта объекта приложения из файла `main` в файл `test_main` Вы можете использовать относительный импорт: + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/test_main.py!} +``` + +...и писать дальше тесты, как и раньше. + +## Тестирование: расширенный пример + +Теперь давайте расширим наш пример и добавим деталей, чтоб посмотреть, как тестировать различные части приложения. + +### Расширенный файл приложения **FastAPI** + +Мы продолжим работу с той же файловой структурой, что и ранее: + +``` +. +├── app +│   ├── __init__.py +│   ├── main.py +│   └── test_main.py +``` + +Предположим, что в файле `main.py` с приложением **FastAPI** есть несколько **операций пути**. + +В нём описана операция `GET`, которая может вернуть ошибку. + +Ещё есть операция `POST` и она тоже может вернуть ошибку. + +Обе *операции пути* требуют наличия в запросе заголовка `X-Token`. + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py310/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + По возможности используйте версию с `Annotated`. + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_py310/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ без Annotated" + + !!! tip "Подсказка" + По возможности используйте версию с `Annotated`. + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b/main.py!} + ``` + +### Расширенный файл тестов + +Теперь обновим файл `test_main.py`, добавив в него тестов: + +```Python +{!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b/test_main.py!} +``` + +Если Вы не знаете, как передать информацию в запросе, можете воспользоваться поисковиком (погуглить) и задать вопрос: "Как передать информацию в запросе с помощью `httpx`", можно даже спросить: "Как передать информацию в запросе с помощью `requests`", поскольку дизайн HTTPX основан на дизайне Requests. + +Затем Вы просто применяете найденные ответы в тестах. + +Например: + +* Передаёте *path*-параметры или *query*-параметры, вписав их непосредственно в строку URL. +* Передаёте JSON в теле запроса, передав Python-объект (например: `dict`) через именованный параметр `json`. +* Если же Вам необходимо отправить *форму с данными* вместо JSON, то используйте параметр `data` вместо `json`. +* Для передачи *заголовков*, передайте объект `dict` через параметр `headers`. +* Для передачи *cookies* также передайте `dict`, но через параметр `cookies`. + +Для получения дополнительной информации о передаче данных на бэкенд с помощью `httpx` или `TestClient` ознакомьтесь с документацией HTTPX. + +!!! info "Информация" + Обратите внимание, что `TestClient` принимает данные, которые можно конвертировать в JSON, но не модели Pydantic. + + Если в Ваших тестах есть модели Pydantic и Вы хотите отправить их в тестируемое приложение, то можете использовать функцию `jsonable_encoder`, описанную на странице [Кодировщик совместимый с JSON](encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## Запуск тестов + +Далее Вам нужно установить `pytest`: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install pytest + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +Он автоматически найдёт все файлы и тесты, выполнит их и предоставит Вам отчёт о результатах тестирования. + +Запустите тесты командой `pytest` и увидите результат: + +
+ +```console +$ pytest + +================ test session starts ================ +platform linux -- Python 3.6.9, pytest-5.3.5, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 +rootdir: /home/user/code/superawesome-cli/app +plugins: forked-1.1.3, xdist-1.31.0, cov-2.8.1 +collected 6 items + +---> 100% + +test_main.py ...... [100%] + +================= 1 passed in 0.03s ================= +``` + +
diff --git a/docs/ru/mkdocs.yml b/docs/ru/mkdocs.yml index e15a36bf2..de18856f4 100644 --- a/docs/ru/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/ru/mkdocs.yml @@ -1,128 +1 @@ -site_name: FastAPI -site_description: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production -site_url: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/ru/ -theme: - name: material - custom_dir: overrides - palette: - - scheme: default - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb - name: Switch to light mode - - scheme: slate - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb-outline - name: Switch to dark mode - features: - - search.suggest - - search.highlight - - content.tabs.link - icon: - repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - logo: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/icon-white.svg - favicon: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png - language: ru -repo_name: tiangolo/fastapi -repo_url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi -edit_uri: '' -google_analytics: -- UA-133183413-1 -- auto -plugins: -- search -- markdownextradata: - data: data -nav: -- FastAPI: index.md -- Languages: - - en: / - - az: /az/ - - de: /de/ - - es: /es/ - - fr: /fr/ - - id: /id/ - - it: /it/ - - ja: /ja/ - - ko: /ko/ - - pl: /pl/ - - pt: /pt/ - - ru: /ru/ - - sq: /sq/ - - tr: /tr/ - - uk: /uk/ - - zh: /zh/ -markdown_extensions: -- toc: - permalink: true -- markdown.extensions.codehilite: - guess_lang: false -- mdx_include: - base_path: docs -- admonition -- codehilite -- extra -- pymdownx.superfences: - custom_fences: - - name: mermaid - class: mermaid - format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' -- pymdownx.tabbed -extra: - social: - - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/discord - link: https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf - - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter - link: https://twitter.com/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin - link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/dev - link: https://dev.to/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/medium - link: https://medium.com/@tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/solid/globe - link: https://tiangolo.com - alternate: - - link: / - name: en - English - - link: /az/ - name: az - - link: /de/ - name: de - - link: /es/ - name: es - español - - link: /fr/ - name: fr - français - - link: /id/ - name: id - - link: /it/ - name: it - italiano - - link: /ja/ - name: ja - 日本語 - - link: /ko/ - name: ko - 한국어 - - link: /pl/ - name: pl - - link: /pt/ - name: pt - português - - link: /ru/ - name: ru - русский язык - - link: /sq/ - name: sq - shqip - - link: /tr/ - name: tr - Türkçe - - link: /uk/ - name: uk - українська мова - - link: /zh/ - name: zh - 汉语 -extra_css: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/termynal.css -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/custom.css -extra_javascript: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/termynal.js -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/custom.js +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/sq/docs/index.md b/docs/sq/docs/index.md deleted file mode 100644 index 95fb7ae21..000000000 --- a/docs/sq/docs/index.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,467 +0,0 @@ - -{!../../../docs/missing-translation.md!} - - -

- FastAPI -

-

- FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production -

-

- - Test - - - Coverage - - - Package version - -

- ---- - -**Documentation**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com - -**Source Code**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi - ---- - -FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints. - -The key features are: - -* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance). - -* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * -* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. * -* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. Completion everywhere. Less time debugging. -* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs. -* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs. -* **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation. -* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: OpenAPI (previously known as Swagger) and JSON Schema. - -* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications. - -## Sponsors - - - -{% if sponsors %} -{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%} - -{% endfor -%} -{%- for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%} - -{% endfor %} -{% endif %} - - - -Other sponsors - -## Opinions - -"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._" - -
Kabir Khan - Microsoft (ref)
- ---- - -"_We adopted the **FastAPI** library to spawn a **REST** server that can be queried to obtain **predictions**. [for Ludwig]_" - -
Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - Uber (ref)
- ---- - -"_**Netflix** is pleased to announce the open-source release of our **crisis management** orchestration framework: **Dispatch**! [built with **FastAPI**]_" - -
Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - Netflix (ref)
- ---- - -"_I’m over the moon excited about **FastAPI**. It’s so fun!_" - -
Brian Okken - Python Bytes podcast host (ref)
- ---- - -"_Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted **Hug** to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that._" - -
Timothy Crosley - Hug creator (ref)
- ---- - -"_If you're looking to learn one **modern framework** for building REST APIs, check out **FastAPI** [...] It's fast, easy to use and easy to learn [...]_" - -"_We've switched over to **FastAPI** for our **APIs** [...] I think you'll like it [...]_" - -
Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - Explosion AI founders - spaCy creators (ref) - (ref)
- ---- - -## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs - - - -If you are building a CLI app to be used in the terminal instead of a web API, check out **Typer**. - -**Typer** is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the **FastAPI of CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀 - -## Requirements - -Python 3.6+ - -FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: - -* Starlette for the web parts. -* Pydantic for the data parts. - -## Installation - -
- -```console -$ pip install fastapi - ----> 100% -``` - -
- -You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn. - -
- -```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] - ----> 100% -``` - -
- -## Example - -### Create it - -* Create a file `main.py` with: - -```Python -from typing import Optional - -from fastapi import FastAPI - -app = FastAPI() - - -@app.get("/") -def read_root(): - return {"Hello": "World"} - - -@app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): - return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} -``` - -
-Or use async def... - -If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`: - -```Python hl_lines="9 14" -from typing import Optional - -from fastapi import FastAPI - -app = FastAPI() - - -@app.get("/") -async def read_root(): - return {"Hello": "World"} - - -@app.get("/items/{item_id}") -async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): - return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} -``` - -**Note**: - -If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about `async` and `await` in the docs. - -
- -### Run it - -Run the server with: - -
- -```console -$ uvicorn main:app --reload - -INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) -INFO: Started reloader process [28720] -INFO: Started server process [28722] -INFO: Waiting for application startup. -INFO: Application startup complete. -``` - -
- -
-About the command uvicorn main:app --reload... - -The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to: - -* `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module"). -* `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`. -* `--reload`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development. - -
- -### Check it - -Open your browser at http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. - -You will see the JSON response as: - -```JSON -{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} -``` - -You already created an API that: - -* Receives HTTP requests in the _paths_ `/` and `/items/{item_id}`. -* Both _paths_ take `GET` operations (also known as HTTP _methods_). -* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has a _path parameter_ `item_id` that should be an `int`. -* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has an optional `str` _query parameter_ `q`. - -### Interactive API docs - -Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. - -You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by Swagger UI): - -![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) - -### Alternative API docs - -And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. - -You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by ReDoc): - -![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) - -## Example upgrade - -Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request. - -Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic. - -```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" -from typing import Optional - -from fastapi import FastAPI -from pydantic import BaseModel - -app = FastAPI() - - -class Item(BaseModel): - name: str - price: float - is_offer: Optional[bool] = None - - -@app.get("/") -def read_root(): - return {"Hello": "World"} - - -@app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): - return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} - - -@app.put("/items/{item_id}") -def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): - return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} -``` - -The server should reload automatically (because you added `--reload` to the `uvicorn` command above). - -### Interactive API docs upgrade - -Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. - -* The interactive API documentation will be automatically updated, including the new body: - -![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) - -* Click on the button "Try it out", it allows you to fill the parameters and directly interact with the API: - -![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) - -* Then click on the "Execute" button, the user interface will communicate with your API, send the parameters, get the results and show them on the screen: - -![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) - -### Alternative API docs upgrade - -And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. - -* The alternative documentation will also reflect the new query parameter and body: - -![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) - -### Recap - -In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters. - -You do that with standard modern Python types. - -You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc. - -Just standard **Python 3.6+**. - -For example, for an `int`: - -```Python -item_id: int -``` - -or for a more complex `Item` model: - -```Python -item: Item -``` - -...and with that single declaration you get: - -* Editor support, including: - * Completion. - * Type checks. -* Validation of data: - * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid. - * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects. -* Conversion of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from: - * JSON. - * Path parameters. - * Query parameters. - * Cookies. - * Headers. - * Forms. - * Files. -* Conversion of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON): - * Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc). - * `datetime` objects. - * `UUID` objects. - * Database models. - * ...and many more. -* Automatic interactive API documentation, including 2 alternative user interfaces: - * Swagger UI. - * ReDoc. - ---- - -Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will: - -* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests. -* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests. - * If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error. -* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests. - * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional. - * Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`). -* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, Read the body as JSON: - * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`. - * Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`. - * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present. - * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects. -* Convert from and to JSON automatically. -* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by: - * Interactive documentation systems. - * Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages. -* Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly. - ---- - -We just scratched the surface, but you already get the idea of how it all works. - -Try changing the line with: - -```Python - return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} -``` - -...from: - -```Python - ... "item_name": item.name ... -``` - -...to: - -```Python - ... "item_price": item.price ... -``` - -...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types: - -![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) - -For a more complete example including more features, see the Tutorial - User Guide. - -**Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes: - -* Declaration of **parameters** from other different places as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**. -* How to set **validation constraints** as `maximum_length` or `regex`. -* A very powerful and easy to use **Dependency Injection** system. -* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth. -* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic). -* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as: - * **WebSockets** - * **GraphQL** - * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest` - * **CORS** - * **Cookie Sessions** - * ...and more. - -## Performance - -Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as one of the fastest Python frameworks available, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*) - -To understand more about it, see the section Benchmarks. - -## Optional Dependencies - -Used by Pydantic: - -* ujson - for faster JSON "parsing". -* email_validator - for email validation. - -Used by Starlette: - -* requests - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. -* aiofiles - Required if you want to use `FileResponse` or `StaticFiles`. -* jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. -* python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with `request.form()`. -* itsdangerous - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support. -* pyyaml - Required for Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI). -* graphene - Required for `GraphQLApp` support. -* ujson - Required if you want to use `UJSONResponse`. - -Used by FastAPI / Starlette: - -* uvicorn - for the server that loads and serves your application. -* orjson - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`. - -You can install all of these with `pip install fastapi[all]`. - -## License - -This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license. diff --git a/docs/sq/mkdocs.yml b/docs/sq/mkdocs.yml deleted file mode 100644 index a4879521e..000000000 --- a/docs/sq/mkdocs.yml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,128 +0,0 @@ -site_name: FastAPI -site_description: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production -site_url: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/sq/ -theme: - name: material - custom_dir: overrides - palette: - - scheme: default - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb - name: Switch to light mode - - scheme: slate - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb-outline - name: Switch to dark mode - features: - - search.suggest - - search.highlight - - content.tabs.link - icon: - repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - logo: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/icon-white.svg - favicon: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png - language: en -repo_name: tiangolo/fastapi -repo_url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi -edit_uri: '' -google_analytics: -- UA-133183413-1 -- auto -plugins: -- search -- markdownextradata: - data: data -nav: -- FastAPI: index.md -- Languages: - - en: / - - az: /az/ - - de: /de/ - - es: /es/ - - fr: /fr/ - - id: /id/ - - it: /it/ - - ja: /ja/ - - ko: /ko/ - - pl: /pl/ - - pt: /pt/ - - ru: /ru/ - - sq: /sq/ - - tr: /tr/ - - uk: /uk/ - - zh: /zh/ -markdown_extensions: -- toc: - permalink: true -- markdown.extensions.codehilite: - guess_lang: false -- mdx_include: - base_path: docs -- admonition -- codehilite -- extra -- pymdownx.superfences: - custom_fences: - - name: mermaid - class: mermaid - format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' -- pymdownx.tabbed -extra: - social: - - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/discord - link: https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf - - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter - link: https://twitter.com/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin - link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/dev - link: https://dev.to/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/medium - link: https://medium.com/@tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/solid/globe - link: https://tiangolo.com - alternate: - - link: / - name: en - English - - link: /az/ - name: az - - link: /de/ - name: de - - link: /es/ - name: es - español - - link: /fr/ - name: fr - français - - link: /id/ - name: id - - link: /it/ - name: it - italiano - - link: /ja/ - name: ja - 日本語 - - link: /ko/ - name: ko - 한국어 - - link: /pl/ - name: pl - - link: /pt/ - name: pt - português - - link: /ru/ - name: ru - русский язык - - link: /sq/ - name: sq - shqip - - link: /tr/ - name: tr - Türkçe - - link: /uk/ - name: uk - українська мова - - link: /zh/ - name: zh - 汉语 -extra_css: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/termynal.css -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/custom.css -extra_javascript: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/termynal.js -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/custom.js diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/about/index.md b/docs/tr/docs/about/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e9dee5217 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/tr/docs/about/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Hakkında + +FastAPI, tasarımı, ilham kaynağı ve daha fazlası hakkında. 🤓 diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/alternatives.md b/docs/tr/docs/alternatives.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9c69503c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/tr/docs/alternatives.md @@ -0,0 +1,409 @@ +# Alternatifler, İlham Kaynakları ve Karşılaştırmalar + +**FastAPI**'ya neler ilham verdi? Diğer alternatiflerle karşılaştırıldığında farkları neler? **FastAPI** diğer alternatiflerinden neler öğrendi? + +## Giriş + +Başkalarının daha önceki çalışmaları olmasaydı, **FastAPI** var olmazdı. + +Geçmişte oluşturulan pek çok araç **FastAPI**'a ilham kaynağı olmuştur. + +Yıllardır yeni bir framework oluşturmaktan kaçınıyordum. Başlangıçta **FastAPI**'ın çözdüğü sorunları çözebilmek için pek çok farklı framework, eklenti ve araç kullanmayı denedim. + +Ancak bir noktada, geçmişteki diğer araçlardan en iyi fikirleri alarak bütün bu çözümleri kapsayan, ayrıca bütün bunları Python'ın daha önce mevcut olmayan özelliklerini (Python 3.6+ ile gelen tip belirteçleri) kullanarak yapan bir şey üretmekten başka seçenek kalmamıştı. + +## Daha Önce Geliştirilen Araçlar + +### Django + +Django geniş çapta güvenilen, Python ekosistemindeki en popüler web framework'üdür. Instagram gibi sistemleri geliştirmede kullanılmıştır. + +MySQL ve PostgreSQL gibi ilişkisel veritabanlarıyla nispeten sıkı bir şekilde bağlantılıdır. Bu nedenle Couchbase, MongoDB ve Cassandra gibi NoSQL veritabanlarını ana veritabanı motoru olarak kullanmak pek de kolay değil. + +Modern ön uçlarda (React, Vue.js ve Angular gibi) veya diğer sistemler (örneğin nesnelerin interneti cihazları) tarafından kullanılan API'lar yerine arka uçta HTML üretmek için oluşturuldu. + +### Django REST Framework + +Django REST framework'ü, Django'nun API kabiliyetlerini arttırmak için arka planda Django kullanan esnek bir araç grubu olarak oluşturuldu. + +Üstelik Mozilla, Red Hat ve Eventbrite gibi pek çok şirket tarafından kullanılıyor. + +**Otomatik API dökümantasyonu**nun ilk örneklerinden biri olduğu için, **FastAPI** arayışına ilham veren ilk fikirlerden biri oldu. + +!!! note "Not" + Django REST Framework'ü, aynı zamanda **FastAPI**'ın dayandığı Starlette ve Uvicorn'un da yaratıcısı olan Tom Christie tarafından geliştirildi. + +!!! check "**FastAPI**'a nasıl ilham verdi?" + Kullanıcılar için otomatik API dökümantasyonu sunan bir web arayüzüne sahip olmalı. + +### Flask + +Flask bir mikro framework olduğundan Django gibi framework'lerin aksine veritabanı entegrasyonu gibi Django ile gelen pek çok özelliği direkt barındırmaz. + +Sağladığı basitlik ve esneklik NoSQL veritabanlarını ana veritabanı sistemi olarak kullanmak gibi şeyler yapmaya olanak sağlar. + +Yapısı oldukça basit olduğundan öğrenmesi de nispeten basittir, tabii dökümantasyonu bazı noktalarda biraz teknik hale geliyor. + +Ayrıca Django ile birlikte gelen veritabanı, kullanıcı yönetimi ve diğer pek çok özelliğe ihtiyaç duymayan uygulamalarda da yaygın olarak kullanılıyor. Ancak bu tür özelliklerin pek çoğu eklentiler ile eklenebiliyor. + +Uygulama parçalarının böyle ayrılıyor oluşu ve istenilen özelliklerle genişletilebilecek bir mikro framework olmak tam da benim istediğim bir özellikti. + +Flask'ın basitliği göz önünde bulundurulduğu zaman, API geliştirmek için iyi bir seçim gibi görünüyordu. Sıradaki şey ise Flask için bir "Django REST Framework"! + +!!! check "**FastAPI**'a nasıl ilham verdi?" + Gereken araçları ve parçaları birleştirip eşleştirmeyi kolaylaştıracak bir mikro framework olmalı. + + Basit ve kullanması kolay bir yönlendirme sistemine sahip olmalı. + +### Requests + +**FastAPI** aslında **Requests**'in bir alternatifi değil. İkisininde kapsamı oldukça farklı. + +Aslında Requests'i bir FastAPI uygulamasının *içinde* kullanmak daha olağan olurdu. + +Ama yine de, FastAPI, Requests'ten oldukça ilham aldı. + +**Requests**, API'lar ile bir istemci olarak *etkileşime geçmeyi* sağlayan bir kütüphaneyken **FastAPI** bir sunucu olarak API'lar oluşturmaya yarar. + +Öyle ya da böyle zıt uçlarda olmalarına rağmen birbirlerini tamamlıyorlar. + +Requests oldukça basit ve sezgisel bir tasarıma sahip, kullanması da mantıklı varsayılan değerlerle oldukça kolay. Ama aynı zamanda çok güçlü ve gayet özelleştirilebilir. + +Bu yüzden resmi web sitede de söylendiği gibi: + +> Requests, tüm zamanların en çok indirilen Python paketlerinden biridir. + +Kullanım şekli oldukça basit. Örneğin bir `GET` isteği yapmak için aşağıdaki yeterli: + +```Python +response = requests.get("http://example.com/some/url") +``` + +Bunun FastAPI'deki API *yol işlemi* şöyle görünür: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +@app.get("/some/url") +def read_url(): + return {"message": "Hello World!"} +``` + +`requests.get(...)` ile `@app.get(...)` arasındaki benzerliklere bakın. + +!!! check "**FastAPI**'a nasıl ilham verdi?" + * Basit ve sezgisel bir API'ya sahip olmalı. + * HTTP metot isimlerini (işlemlerini) anlaşılır olacak bir şekilde, direkt kullanmalı. + * Mantıklı varsayılan değerlere ve buna rağmen güçlü bir özelleştirme desteğine sahip olmalı. + +### Swagger / OpenAPI + +Benim Django REST Framework'ünden istediğim ana özellik otomatik API dökümantasyonuydu. + +Daha sonra API'ları dökümanlamak için Swagger adında JSON (veya JSON'un bir uzantısı olan YAML'ı) kullanan bir standart olduğunu buldum. + +Üstelik Swagger API'ları için zaten halihazırda oluşturulmuş bir web arayüzü vardı. Yani, bir API için Swagger dökümantasyonu oluşturmak bu arayüzü otomatik olarak kullanabilmek demekti. + +Swagger bir noktada Linux Foundation'a verildi ve adı OpenAPI olarak değiştirildi. + +İşte bu yüzden versiyon 2.0 hakkında konuşurken "Swagger", versiyon 3 ve üzeri için ise "OpenAPI" adını kullanmak daha yaygın. + +!!! check "**FastAPI**'a nasıl ilham verdi?" + API spesifikasyonları için özel bir şema yerine bir açık standart benimseyip kullanmalı. + + Ayrıca standarda bağlı kullanıcı arayüzü araçlarını entegre etmeli: + + * Swagger UI + * ReDoc + + Yukarıdaki ikisi oldukça popüler ve istikrarlı olduğu için seçildi, ancak hızlı bir araştırma yaparak **FastAPI** ile kullanabileceğiniz pek çok OpenAPI alternatifi arayüz bulabilirsiniz. + +### Flask REST framework'leri + +Pek çok Flask REST framework'ü var, fakat bunları biraz araştırdıktan sonra pek çoğunun artık geliştirilmediğini ve göze batan bazı sorunlarının olduğunu gördüm. + +### Marshmallow + +API sistemlerine gereken ana özelliklerden biri de koddan veriyi alıp ağ üzerinde gönderilebilecek bir şeye çevirmek, yani veri dönüşümü. Bu işleme veritabanındaki veriyi içeren bir objeyi JSON objesine çevirmek, `datetime` objelerini metinlere çevirmek gibi örnekler verilebilir. + +API'lara gereken bir diğer büyük özellik ise veri doğrulamadır, yani verinin çeşitli parametrelere bağlı olarak doğru ve tutarlı olduğundan emin olmaktır. Örneğin bir alanın `int` olmasına karar verdiniz, daha sonra rastgele bir metin değeri almasını istemezsiniz. Bu özellikle sisteme dışarıdan gelen veri için kullanışlı bir özellik oluyor. + +Bir veri doğrulama sistemi olmazsa bütün bu kontrolleri koda dökerek kendiniz yapmak zorunda kalırdınız. + +Marshmallow bu özellikleri sağlamak için geliştirilmişti. Benim de geçmişte oldukça sık kullandığım harika bir kütüphanedir. + +Ama... Python'un tip belirteçleri gelmeden önce oluşturulmuştu. Yani her şemayı tanımlamak için Marshmallow'un sunduğu spesifik araçları ve sınıfları kullanmanız gerekiyordu. + +!!! check "**FastAPI**'a nasıl ilham verdi?" + Kod kullanarak otomatik olarak veri tipini ve veri doğrulamayı belirten "şemalar" tanımlamalı. + +### Webargs + +API'ların ihtiyacı olan bir diğer önemli özellik ise gelen isteklerdeki verileri Python objelerine ayrıştırabilmektir. + +Webargs, Flask gibi bir kaç framework'ün üzerinde bunu sağlamak için geliştirilen bir araçtır. + +Veri doğrulama için arka planda Marshmallow kullanıyor, hatta aynı geliştiriciler tarafından oluşturuldu. + +Webargs da harika bir araç ve onu da geçmişte henüz **FastAPI** yokken çok kullandım. + +!!! info "Bilgi" + Webargs aynı Marshmallow geliştirileri tarafından oluşturuldu. + +!!! check "**FastAPI**'a nasıl ilham verdi?" + Gelen istek verisi için otomatik veri doğrulamaya sahip olmalı. + +### APISpec + +Marshmallow ve Webargs eklentiler olarak; veri doğrulama, ayrıştırma ve dönüştürmeyi sağlıyor. + +Ancak dökümantasyondan hala ses seda yok. Daha sonrasında ise APISpec geldi. + +APISpec pek çok framework için bir eklenti olarak kullanılıyor (Starlette için de bir eklentisi var). + +Şemanın tanımını yol'a istek geldiğinde çalışan her bir fonksiyonun döküman dizesinin içine YAML formatında olacak şekilde yazıyorsunuz o da OpenAPI şemaları üretiyor. + +Flask, Starlette, Responder ve benzerlerinde bu şekilde çalışıyor. + +Fakat sonrasında yine mikro sözdizimi problemiyle karşılaşıyoruz. Python metinlerinin içinde koskoca bir YAML oluyor. + +Editör bu konuda pek yardımcı olamaz. Üstelik eğer parametreleri ya da Marshmallow şemalarını değiştirip YAML kodunu güncellemeyi unutursak artık döküman geçerliliğini yitiriyor. + +!!! info "Bilgi" + APISpec de aynı Marshmallow geliştiricileri tarafından oluşturuldu. + +!!! check "**FastAPI**'a nasıl ilham verdi?" + API'lar için açık standart desteği olmalı (OpenAPI gibi). + +### Flask-apispec + +Flask-apispec ise Webargs, Marshmallow ve APISpec'i birbirine bağlayan bir Flask eklentisi. + +Webargs ve Marshmallow'daki bilgiyi APISpec ile otomatik OpenAPI şemaları üretmek için kullanıyor. + +Hak ettiği değeri görmeyen, harika bir araç. Piyasadaki çoğu Flask eklentisinden çok daha popüler olmalı. Hak ettiği değeri görmüyor oluşunun sebebi ise dökümantasyonun çok kısa ve soyut olması olabilir. + +Böylece Flask-apispec, Python döküman dizilerine YAML gibi farklı bir syntax yazma sorununu çözmüş oldu. + +**FastAPI**'ı geliştirene dek benim favori arka uç kombinasyonum Flask'in yanında Marshmallow ve Webargs ile birlikte Flask-apispec idi. + +Bunu kullanmak, bir kaç full-stack Flask projesi oluşturucusunun yaratılmasına yol açtı. Bunlar benim (ve bir kaç harici ekibin de) şimdiye kadar kullandığı asıl stackler: + +* https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack +* https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchbase +* https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchdb + +Aynı full-stack üreticiler [**FastAPI** Proje Üreticileri](project-generation.md){.internal-link target=_blank}'nin de temelini oluşturdu. + +!!! info "Bilgi" + Flask-apispec de aynı Marshmallow geliştiricileri tarafından üretildi. + +!!! check "**FastAPI**'a nasıl ilham oldu?" + Veri dönüşümü ve veri doğrulamayı tanımlayan kodu kullanarak otomatik olarak OpenAPI şeması oluşturmalı. + +### NestJS (and Angular) + +Bu Python teknolojisi bile değil. NestJS, Angulardan ilham almış olan bir JavaScript (TypeScript) NodeJS framework'ü. + +Flask-apispec ile yapılabileceklere nispeten benzeyen bir şey elde ediyor. + +Angular 2'den ilham alan, içine gömülü bir bağımlılık enjeksiyonu sistemi var. Bildiğim diğer tüm bağımlılık enjeksiyonu sistemlerinde olduğu gibi"bağımlılık"ları önceden kaydetmenizi gerektiriyor. Böylece projeyi daha detaylı hale getiriyor ve kod tekrarını da arttırıyor. + +Parametreler TypeScript tipleri (Python tip belirteçlerine benzer) ile açıklandığından editör desteği oldukça iyi. + +Ama TypeScript verileri kod JavaScript'e derlendikten sonra korunmadığından, bunlara dayanarak aynı anda veri doğrulaması, veri dönüşümü ve dökümantasyon tanımlanamıyor. Bundan ve bazı tasarım tercihlerinden dolayı veri doğrulaması, dönüşümü ve otomatik şema üretimi için pek çok yere dekorator eklemek gerekiyor. Bu da projeyi oldukça detaylandırıyor. + +İç içe geçen derin modelleri pek iyi işleyemiyor. Yani eğer istekteki JSON gövdesi derin bir JSON objesiyse düzgün bir şekilde dökümante edilip doğrulanamıyor. + +!!! check "**FastAPI**'a nasıl ilham oldu?" + Güzel bir editör desteği için Python tiplerini kullanmalı. + + Güçlü bir bağımlılık enjeksiyon sistemine sahip olmalı. Kod tekrarını minimuma indirecek bir yol bulmalı. + +### Sanic + +Sanic, `asyncio`'ya dayanan son derece hızlı Python kütüphanelerinden biriydi. Flask'a epey benzeyecek şekilde geliştirilmişti. + +!!! note "Teknik detaylar" + İçerisinde standart Python `asyncio` döngüsü yerine `uvloop` kullanıldı. Hızının asıl kaynağı buydu. + + Uvicorn ve Starlette'e ilham kaynağı olduğu oldukça açık, şu anda ikisi de açık karşılaştırmalarda Sanicten daha hızlı gözüküyor. + +!!! check "**FastAPI**'a nasıl ilham oldu?" + Uçuk performans sağlayacak bir yol bulmalı. + + Tam da bu yüzden **FastAPI** Starlette'e dayanıyor, çünkü Starlette şu anda kullanılabilir en hızlı framework. (üçüncü parti karşılaştırmalı testlerine göre) + +### Falcon + +Falcon ise bir diğer yüksek performanslı Python framework'ü. Minimal olacak şekilde Hug gibi diğer framework'lerin temeli olabilmek için tasarlandı. + +İki parametre kabul eden fonksiyonlar şeklinde tasarlandı, biri "istek" ve diğeri ise "cevap". Sonra isteğin çeşitli kısımlarını **okuyor**, cevaba ise bir şeyler **yazıyorsunuz**. Bu tasarımdan dolayı istek parametrelerini ve gövdelerini standart Python tip belirteçlerini kullanarak fonksiyon parametreleriyle belirtmek mümkün değil. + +Yani veri doğrulama, veri dönüştürme ve dökümantasyonun hepsi kodda yer almalı, otomatik halledemiyoruz. Ya da Falcon üzerine bir framework olarak uygulanmaları gerekiyor, aynı Hug'da olduğu gibi. Bu ayrım Falcon'un tasarımından esinlenen, istek ve cevap objelerini parametre olarak işleyen diğer kütüphanelerde de yer alıyor. + +!!! check "**FastAPI**'a nasıl ilham oldu?" + Harika bir performans'a sahip olmanın yollarını bulmalı. + + Hug ile birlikte (Hug zaten Falcon'a dayandığından) **FastAPI**'ın fonksiyonlarda `cevap` parametresi belirtmesinde ilham kaynağı oldu. + + FastAPI'da opsiyonel olmasına rağmen, daha çok header'lar, çerezler ve alternatif durum kodları belirlemede kullanılıyor. + +### Molten + +**FastAPI**'ı geliştirmenin ilk aşamalarında Molten'ı keşfettim. Pek çok ortak fikrimiz vardı: + +* Python'daki tip belirteçlerini baz alıyordu. +* Bunlara bağlı olarak veri doğrulaması ve dökümantasyon sağlıyordu. +* Bir bağımlılık enjeksiyonu sistemi vardı. + +Veri doğrulama, veri dönüştürme ve dökümantasyon için Pydantic gibi bir üçüncü parti kütüphane kullanmıyor, kendi içerisinde bunlara sahip. Yani bu veri tipi tanımlarını tekrar kullanmak pek de kolay değil. + +Biraz daha detaylı ayarlamalara gerek duyuyor. Ayrıca ASGI yerine WSGI'a dayanıyor. Yani Uvicorn, Starlette ve Sanic gibi araçların yüksek performansından faydalanacak şekilde tasarlanmamış. + +Bağımlılık enjeksiyonu sistemi bağımlılıkların önceden kaydedilmesini ve sonrasında belirlenen veri tiplerine göre çözülmesini gerektiriyor. Yani spesifik bir tip, birden fazla bileşen ile belirlenemiyor. + +Yol'lar fonksiyonun üstünde endpoint'i işleyen dekoratörler yerine farklı yerlerde tanımlanan fonksiyonlarla belirlenir. Bu Flask (ve Starlette) yerine daha çok Django'nun yaklaşımına daha yakın bir metot. Bu, kodda nispeten birbiriyle sıkı ilişkili olan şeyleri ayırmaya sebep oluyor. + +!!! check "**FastAPI**'a nasıl ilham oldu?" + Model özelliklerinin "standart" değerlerini kullanarak veri tipleri için ekstra veri doğrulama koşulları tanımlamalı. Bu editör desteğini geliştiriyor ve daha önceden Pydantic'te yoktu. + + Bu aslında Pydantic'in de aynı doğrulama stiline geçmesinde ilham kaynağı oldu. Şu anda bütün bu özellikler Pydantic'in yapısında yer alıyor. + +### Hug + +Hug, Python tip belirteçlerini kullanarak API parametrelerinin tipini belirlemeyi uygulayan ilk framework'lerdendi. Bu, diğer araçlara da ilham kaynağı olan harika bir fikirdi. + +Tip belirlerken standart Python veri tipleri yerine kendi özel tiplerini kullandı, yine de bu ileriye dönük devasa bir adımdı. + +Hug ayrıca tüm API'ı JSON ile ifade eden özel bir şema oluşturan ilk framework'lerdendir. + +OpenAPI veya JSON Şeması gibi bir standarda bağlı değildi. Yani Swagger UI gibi diğer araçlarla entegre etmek kolay olmazdı. Ama yine de, bu oldukça yenilikçi bir fikirdi. + +Ayrıca ilginç ve çok rastlanmayan bir özelliği vardı: aynı framework'ü kullanarak hem API'lar hem de CLI'lar oluşturmak mümkündü. + +Senkron çalışan Python web framework'lerinin standardına (WSGI) dayandığından dolayı Websocket'leri ve diğer şeyleri işleyemiyor, ancak yine de yüksek performansa sahip. + +!!! info "Bilgi" + Hug, Python dosyalarında bulunan dahil etme satırlarını otomatik olarak sıralayan harika bir araç olan `isort`'un geliştiricisi Timothy Crosley tarafından geliştirildi. + +!!! check "**FastAPI**'a nasıl ilham oldu?" + Hug, APIStar'ın çeşitli kısımlarında esin kaynağı oldu ve APIStar'la birlikte en umut verici bulduğum araçlardan biriydi. + + **FastAPI**, Python tip belirteçlerini kullanarak parametre belirlemede ve API'ı otomatık tanımlayan bir şema üretmede de Hug'a esinlendi. + + **FastAPI**'ın header ve çerez tanımlamak için fonksiyonlarda `response` parametresini belirtmesinde de Hug'dan ilham alındı. + +### APIStar (<= 0.5) + +**FastAPI**'ı geliştirmeye başlamadan hemen önce **APIStar** sunucusunu buldum. Benim aradığım şeylerin neredeyse hepsine sahipti ve harika bir tasarımı vardı. + +Benim şimdiye kadar gördüğüm Python tip belirteçlerini kullanarak parametre ve istekler belirlemeyi uygulayan ilk framework'lerdendi (Molten ve NestJS'den önce). APIStar'ı da aşağı yukarı Hug ile aynı zamanlarda buldum. Fakat APIStar OpenAPI standardını kullanıyordu. + +Farklı yerlerdeki tip belirteçlerine bağlı olarak otomatik veri doğrulama, veri dönüştürme ve OpenAPI şeması oluşturma desteği sunuyordu. + +Gövde şema tanımları Pydantic ile aynı Python tip belirteçlerini kullanmıyordu, biraz daha Marsmallow'a benziyordu. Dolayısıyla editör desteği de o kadar iyi olmazdı ama APIStar eldeki en iyi seçenekti. + +O dönemlerde karşılaştırmalarda en iyi performansa sahipti (yalnızca Starlette'e kaybediyordu). + +Başlangıçta otomatik API dökümantasyonu sunan bir web arayüzü yoktu, ama ben ona Swagger UI ekleyebileceğimi biliyordum. + +Bağımlılık enjeksiyon sistemi vardı. Yukarıda bahsettiğim diğer araçlar gibi bundaki sistem de bileşenlerin önceden kaydedilmesini gerektiriyordu. Yine de harika bir özellikti. + +Güvenlik entegrasyonu olmadığından dolayı APIStar'ı hiç bir zaman tam bir projede kullanamadım. Bu yüzden Flask-apispec'e bağlı full-stack proje üreticilerde sahip olduğum özellikleri tamamen değiştiremedim. Bu güvenlik entegrasyonunu ekleyen bir PR oluşturmak da projelerim arasında yer alıyordu. + +Sonrasında ise projenin odağı değişti. + +Geliştiricinin Starlette'e odaklanması gerekince proje de artık bir API web framework'ü olmayı bıraktı. + +Artık APIStar, OpenAPI özelliklerini doğrulamak için bir dizi araç sunan bir proje haline geldi. + +!!! info "Bilgi" + APIStar, aşağıdaki projeleri de üreten Tom Christie tarafından geliştirildi: + + * Django REST Framework + * **FastAPI**'ın da dayandığı Starlette + * Starlette ve **FastAPI** tarafından da kullanılan Uvicorn + +!!! check "**FastAPI**'a nasıl ilham oldu?" + Var oldu. + + Aynı Python veri tipleriyle birden fazla şeyi belirleme (veri doğrulama, veri dönüştürme ve dökümantasyon), bir yandan da harika bir editör desteği sunma, benim muhteşem bulduğum bir fikirdi. + + Uzunca bir süre boyunca benzer bir framework arayıp pek çok farklı alternatifi denedikten sonra, APIStar en iyi seçenekti. + + Sonra APIStar bir sunucu olmayı bıraktı ve Starlette oluşturuldu. Starlette, böyle bir sunucu sistemi için daha iyi bir temel sunuyordu. Bu da **FastAPI**'ın son esin kaynağıydı. + + Ben bu önceki araçlardan öğrendiklerime dayanarak **FastAPI**'ın özelliklerini arttırıp geliştiriyor, tip desteği sistemi ve diğer kısımları iyileştiriyorum ancak yine de **FastAPI**'ı APIStar'ın "ruhani varisi" olarak görüyorum. + +## **FastAPI** Tarafından Kullanılanlar + +### Pydantic + +Pydantic Python tip belirteçlerine dayanan; veri doğrulama, veri dönüştürme ve dökümantasyon tanımlamak (JSON Şema kullanarak) için bir kütüphanedir. + +Tip belirteçleri kullanıyor olması onu aşırı sezgisel yapıyor. + +Marshmallow ile karşılaştırılabilir. Ancak karşılaştırmalarda Marshmallowdan daha hızlı görünüyor. Aynı Python tip belirteçlerine dayanıyor ve editör desteği de harika. + +!!! check "**FastAPI** nerede kullanıyor?" + Bütün veri doğrulama, veri dönüştürme ve JSON Şemasına bağlı otomatik model dökümantasyonunu halletmek için! + + **FastAPI** yaptığı her şeyin yanı sıra bu JSON Şema verisini alıp daha sonra OpenAPI'ya yerleştiriyor. + +### Starlette + +Starlette hafif bir ASGI framework'ü ve yüksek performanslı asyncio servisleri oluşturmak için ideal. + +Kullanımı çok kolay ve sezgisel, kolaylıkla genişletilebilecek ve modüler bileşenlere sahip olacak şekilde tasarlandı. + +Sahip olduğu bir kaç özellik: + +* Cidden etkileyici bir performans. +* WebSocket desteği. +* İşlem-içi arka plan görevleri. +* Başlatma ve kapatma olayları. +* HTTPX ile geliştirilmiş bir test istemcisi. +* CORS, GZip, Static Files ve Streaming cevapları desteği. +* Session ve çerez desteği. +* Kodun %100'ü test kapsamında. +* Kodun %100'ü tip belirteçleriyle desteklenmiştir. +* Yalnızca bir kaç zorunlu bağımlılığa sahip. + +Starlette şu anda test edilen en hızlı Python framework'ü. Yalnızca bir sunucu olan Uvicorn'a yeniliyor, o da zaten bir framework değil. + +Starlette bütün temel web mikro framework işlevselliğini sağlıyor. + +Ancak otomatik veri doğrulama, veri dönüştürme ve dökümantasyon sağlamyor. + +Bu, **FastAPI**'ın onun üzerine tamamen Python tip belirteçlerine bağlı olarak eklediği (Pydantic ile) ana şeylerden biri. **FastAPI** bunun yanında artı olarak bağımlılık enjeksiyonu sistemi, güvenlik araçları, OpenAPI şema üretimi ve benzeri özellikler de ekliyor. + +!!! note "Teknik Detaylar" + ASGI, Django'nun ana ekibi tarafından geliştirilen yeni bir "standart". Bir "Python standardı" (PEP) olma sürecinde fakat henüz bir standart değil. + + Bununla birlikte, halihazırda birçok araç tarafından bir "standart" olarak kullanılmakta. Bu, Uvicorn'u farklı ASGI sunucularıyla (Daphne veya Hypercorn gibi) değiştirebileceğiniz veya `python-socketio` gibi ASGI ile uyumlu araçları ekleyebileciğiniz için birlikte çalışılabilirliği büyük ölçüde arttırıyor. + +!!! check "**FastAPI** nerede kullanıyor?" + + Tüm temel web kısımlarında üzerine özellikler eklenerek kullanılmakta. + + `FastAPI` sınıfının kendisi direkt olarak `Starlette` sınıfını miras alıyor! + + Yani, Starlette ile yapabileceğiniz her şeyi, Starlette'in bir nevi güçlendirilmiş hali olan **FastAPI** ile doğrudan yapabilirsiniz. + +### Uvicorn + +Uvicorn, uvlook ile httptools üzerine kurulu ışık hzında bir ASGI sunucusudur. + +Bir web framework'ünden ziyade bir sunucudur, yani yollara bağlı yönlendirme yapmanızı sağlayan araçları yoktur. Bu daha çok Starlette (ya da **FastAPI**) gibi bir framework'ün sunucuya ek olarak sağladığı bir şeydir. + +Starlette ve **FastAPI** için tavsiye edilen sunucu Uvicorndur. + +!!! check "**FastAPI** neden tavsiye ediyor?" + **FastAPI** uygulamalarını çalıştırmak için ana web sunucusu Uvicorn! + + Gunicorn ile birleştirdiğinizde asenkron ve çoklu işlem destekleyen bir sunucu elde ediyorsunuz! + + Daha fazla detay için [Deployment](deployment/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank} bölümünü inceleyebilirsiniz. + +## Karşılaştırma ve Hız + +Uvicorn, Starlette ve FastAPI arasındakı farkı daha iyi anlamak ve karşılaştırma yapmak için [Kıyaslamalar](benchmarks.md){.internal-link target=_blank} bölümüne bakın! diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/async.md b/docs/tr/docs/async.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2be594343 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/tr/docs/async.md @@ -0,0 +1,401 @@ +# Concurrency ve async / await + +*path operasyon fonksiyonu* için `async def `sözdizimi, asenkron kod, eşzamanlılık ve paralellik hakkında bazı ayrıntılar. + +## Aceleniz mi var? + +TL;DR: + +Eğer `await` ile çağrılması gerektiğini belirten üçüncü taraf kütüphaneleri kullanıyorsanız, örneğin: + +```Python +results = await some_library() +``` + +O zaman *path operasyon fonksiyonunu* `async def` ile tanımlayın örneğin: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +@app.get('/') +async def read_results(): + results = await some_library() + return results +``` + +!!! not + Sadece `async def` ile tanımlanan fonksiyonlar içinde `await` kullanabilirsiniz. + +--- + +Eğer bir veritabanı, bir API, dosya sistemi vb. ile iletişim kuran bir üçüncü taraf bir kütüphane kullanıyorsanız ve `await` kullanımını desteklemiyorsa, (bu şu anda çoğu veritabanı kütüphanesi için geçerli bir durumdur), o zaman *path operasyon fonksiyonunuzu* `def` kullanarak normal bir şekilde tanımlayın, örneğin: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +@app.get('/') +def results(): + results = some_library() + return results +``` + +--- + +Eğer uygulamanız (bir şekilde) başka bir şeyle iletişim kurmak ve onun cevap vermesini beklemek zorunda değilse, `async def` kullanın. + +--- + +Sadece bilmiyorsanız, normal `def` kullanın. + +--- + +**Not**: *path operasyon fonksiyonlarınızda* `def` ve `async def`'i ihtiyaç duyduğunuz gibi karıştırabilir ve her birini sizin için en iyi seçeneği kullanarak tanımlayabilirsiniz. FastAPI onlarla doğru olanı yapacaktır. + +Her neyse, yukarıdaki durumlardan herhangi birinde, FastAPI yine de asenkron olarak çalışacak ve son derece hızlı olacaktır. + +Ancak yukarıdaki adımları takip ederek, bazı performans optimizasyonları yapılabilecektir. + +## Teknik Detaylar + +Python'un modern versiyonlarında **`async` ve `await`** sözdizimi ile **"coroutines"** kullanan **"asenkron kod"** desteğine sahiptir. + +Bu ifadeyi aşağıdaki bölümlerde daha da ayrıntılı açıklayalım: + +* **Asenkron kod** +* **`async` ve `await`** +* **Coroutines** + +## Asenkron kod + +Asenkron kod programlama dilinin 💬 bilgisayara / programa 🤖 kodun bir noktasında, *başka bir kodun* bir yerde bitmesini 🤖 beklemesi gerektiğini söylemenin bir yoludur. Bu *başka koda* "slow-file" denir 📝. + +Böylece, bu süreçte bilgisayar "slow-file" 📝 tamamlanırken gidip başka işler yapabilir. + +Sonra bilgisayar / program 🤖 her fırsatı olduğunda o noktada yaptığı tüm işleri 🤖 bitirene kadar geri dönücek. Ve 🤖 yapması gerekeni yaparak, beklediği görevlerden herhangi birinin bitip bitmediğini görecek. + +Ardından, 🤖 bitirmek için ilk görevi alır ("slow-file" 📝) ve onunla ne yapması gerekiyorsa onu devam ettirir. + +Bu "başka bir şey için bekle" normalde, aşağıdakileri beklemek gibi (işlemcinin ve RAM belleğinin hızına kıyasla) nispeten "yavaş" olan I/O işlemlerine atıfta bulunur: + +* istemci tarafından ağ üzerinden veri göndermek +* ağ üzerinden istemciye gönderilen veriler +* sistem tarafından okunacak ve programınıza verilecek bir dosya içeriği +* programınızın diske yazılmak üzere sisteme verdiği dosya içerikleri +* uzak bir API işlemi +* bir veritabanı bitirme işlemi +* sonuçları döndürmek için bir veritabanı sorgusu +* vb. + +Yürütme süresi çoğunlukla I/O işlemleri beklenerek tüketildiğinden bunlara "I/O bağlantılı" işlemler denir. + +Buna "asenkron" denir, çünkü bilgisayar/program yavaş görevle "senkronize" olmak zorunda değildir, görevin tam olarak biteceği anı bekler, hiçbir şey yapmadan, görev sonucunu alabilmek ve çalışmaya devam edebilmek için . + +Bunun yerine, "asenkron" bir sistem olarak, bir kez bittiğinde, bilgisayarın / programın yapması gerekeni bitirmesi için biraz (birkaç mikrosaniye) sırada bekleyebilir ve ardından sonuçları almak için geri gelebilir ve onlarla çalışmaya devam edebilir. + +"Senkron" ("asenkron"un aksine) için genellikle "sıralı" terimini de kullanırlar, çünkü bilgisayar/program, bu adımlar beklemeyi içerse bile, farklı bir göreve geçmeden önce tüm adımları sırayla izler. + + +### Eşzamanlılık (Concurrency) ve Burgerler + + +Yukarıda açıklanan bu **asenkron** kod fikrine bazen **"eşzamanlılık"** da denir. **"Paralellikten"** farklıdır. + +**Eşzamanlılık** ve **paralellik**, "aynı anda az ya da çok olan farklı işler" ile ilgilidir. + +Ancak *eşzamanlılık* ve *paralellik* arasındaki ayrıntılar oldukça farklıdır. + + +Farkı görmek için burgerlerle ilgili aşağıdaki hikayeyi hayal edin: + +### Eşzamanlı Burgerler + + + +Aşkınla beraber 😍 dışarı hamburger yemeye çıktınız 🍔, kasiyer 💁 öndeki insanlardan sipariş alırken siz sıraya girdiniz. + +Sıra sizde ve sen aşkın 😍 ve kendin için 2 çılgın hamburger 🍔 söylüyorsun. + +Ödemeyi yaptın 💸. + +Kasiyer 💁 mutfakdaki aşçıya 👨‍🍳 hamburgerleri 🍔 hazırlaması gerektiğini söyler ve aşçı bunu bilir (o an önceki müşterilerin siparişlerini hazırlıyor olsa bile). + +Kasiyer 💁 size bir sıra numarası verir. + +Beklerken askınla 😍 bir masaya oturur ve uzun bir süre konuşursunuz(Burgerleriniz çok çılgın olduğundan ve hazırlanması biraz zaman alıyor ✨🍔✨). + +Hamburgeri beklerkenki zamanı 🍔, aşkının ne kadar zeki ve tatlı olduğuna hayran kalarak harcayabilirsin ✨😍✨. + +Aşkınla 😍 konuşurken arada sıranın size gelip gelmediğini kontrol ediyorsun. + +Nihayet sıra size geldi. Tezgaha gidip hamburgerleri 🍔kapıp masaya geri dönüyorsun. + +Aşkınla hamburgerlerinizi yiyor 🍔 ve iyi vakit geçiriyorsunuz ✨. + +--- + +Bu hikayedeki bilgisayar / program 🤖 olduğunuzu hayal edin. + +Sırada beklerken boştasın 😴, sıranı beklerken herhangi bir "üretim" yapmıyorsun. Ama bu sıra hızlı çünkü kasiyer sadece siparişleri alıyor (onları hazırlamıyor), burada bir sıknıtı yok. + +Sonra sıra size geldiğinde gerçekten "üretken" işler yapabilirsiniz 🤓, menüyü oku, ne istediğine larar ver, aşkının seçimini al 😍, öde 💸, doğru kartı çıkart, ödemeyi kontrol et, faturayı kontrol et, siparişin doğru olup olmadığını kontrol et, vb. + +Ama hamburgerler 🍔 hazır olmamasına rağmen Kasiyer 💁 ile işiniz "duraklıyor" ⏸, çünkü hamburgerlerin hazır olmasını bekliyoruz 🕙. + +Ama tezgahtan uzaklaşıp sıranız gelene kadarmasanıza dönebilir 🔀 ve dikkatinizi aşkınıza 😍 verebilirsiniz vr bunun üzerine "çalışabilirsiniz" ⏯ 🤓. Artık "üretken" birşey yapıyorsunuz 🤓, sevgilinle 😍 flört eder gibi. + +Kasiyer 💁 "Hamburgerler hazır !" 🍔 dediğinde ve görüntülenen numara sizin numaranız olduğunda hemen koşup hamburgerlerinizi almaya çalışmıyorsunuz. Biliyorsunuzki kimse sizin hamburgerlerinizi 🍔 çalmayacak çünkü sıra sizin. + +Yani Aşkınızın😍 hikayeyi bitirmesini bekliyorsunuz (çalışmayı bitir ⏯ / görev işleniyor.. 🤓), nazikçe gülümseyin ve hamburger yemeye gittiğinizi söyleyin ⏸. + +Ardından tezgaha 🔀, şimdi biten ilk göreve ⏯ gidin, Hamburgerleri 🍔 alın, teşekkür edin ve masaya götürün. sayacın bu adımı tamamlanır ⏹. Bu da yeni bir görev olan "hamburgerleri ye" 🔀 ⏯ görevini başlatırken "hamburgerleri al" ⏹ görevini bitirir. + +### Parallel Hamburgerler + +Şimdi bunların "Eşzamanlı Hamburger" değil, "Paralel Hamburger" olduğunu düşünelim. + +Hamburger 🍔 almak için 😍 aşkınla Paralel fast food'a gidiyorsun. + +Birden fazla kasiyer varken (varsayalım 8) sıraya girdiniz👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳 ve sıranız gelene kadar bekliyorsunuz. + +Sizden önceki herkez ayrılmadan önce hamburgerlerinin 🍔 hazır olmasını bekliyor 🕙. Çünkü kasiyerlerin her biri bir hamburger hazırlanmadan önce bir sonraki siparişe geçmiiyor. + +Sonunda senin sıran, aşkın 😍 ve kendin için 2 hamburger 🍔 siparişi verdiniz. + +Ödemeyi yaptınız 💸. + +Kasiyer mutfağa gider 👨‍🍳. + +Sırada bekliyorsunuz 🕙, kimse sizin burgerinizi 🍔 almaya çalışmıyor çünkü sıra sizin. + +Sen ve aşkın 😍 sıranızı korumak ve hamburgerleri almakla o kadar meşgulsünüz ki birbirinize vakit 🕙 ayıramıyorsunuz 😞. + +İşte bu "senkron" çalışmadır. Kasiyer/aşçı 👨‍🍳ile senkron hareket ediyorsunuz. Bu yüzden beklemek 🕙 ve kasiyer/aşçı burgeri 🍔bitirip size getirdiğinde orda olmak zorundasınız yoksa başka biri alabilir. + +Sonra kasiyeri/aşçı 👨‍🍳 nihayet hamburgerlerinizle 🍔, uzun bir süre sonra 🕙 tezgaha geri geliyor. + +Burgerlerinizi 🍔 al ve aşkınla masanıza doğru ilerle 😍. + +Sadece burgerini yiyorsun 🍔 ve bitti ⏹. + +Bekleyerek çok fazla zaman geçtiğinden 🕙 konuşmaya çok fazla vakit kalmadı 😞. + +--- + +Paralel burger senaryosunda ise, siz iki işlemcili birer robotsunuz 🤖 (sen ve sevgilin 😍), Beklıyorsunuz 🕙 hem konuşarak güzel vakit geçirirken ⏯ hem de sıranızı bekliyorsunuz 🕙. + +Mağazada ise 8 işlemci bulunuyor (Kasiyer/aşçı) 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳. Eşzamanlı burgerde yalnızca 2 kişi olabiliyordu (bir kasiyer ve bir aşçı) 💁 👨‍🍳. + +Ama yine de bu en iyisi değil 😞. + +--- + +Bu hikaye burgerler 🍔 için paralel. + +Bir gerçek hayat örneği verelim. Bir banka hayal edin. + +Bankaların çoğunda birkaç kasiyer 👨‍💼👨‍💼👨‍💼👨‍💼 ve uzun bir sıra var 🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙. + +Tüm işi sırayla bir müşteri ile yapan tüm kasiyerler 👨‍💼⏯. + +Ve uzun süre kuyrukta beklemek 🕙 zorundasın yoksa sıranı kaybedersin. + +Muhtemelen ayak işlerı yaparken sevgilini 😍 bankaya 🏦 getirmezsin. + +### Burger Sonucu + +Bu "aşkınla fast food burgerleri" senaryosunda, çok fazla bekleme olduğu için 🕙, eşzamanlı bir sisteme sahip olmak çok daha mantıklı ⏸🔀⏯. + +Web uygulamalarının çoğu için durum böyledir. + +Pek çok kullanıcı var, ama sunucunuz pek de iyi olmayan bir bağlantı ile istek atmalarını bekliyor. + +Ve sonra yanıtların geri gelmesi için tekrar 🕙 bekliyor + +Bu "bekleme" 🕙 mikrosaniye cinsinden ölçülür, yine de, hepsini toplarsak çok fazla bekleme var. + +Bu nedenle, web API'leri için asenkron ⏸🔀⏯ kod kullanmak çok daha mantıklı. + +Mevcut popüler Python frameworklerinin çoğu (Flask ve Django gibi), Python'daki yeni asenkron özellikler mevcut olmadan önce yazıldı. Bu nedenle, dağıtılma biçimleri paralel yürütmeyi ve yenisi kadar güçlü olmayan eski bir eşzamansız yürütme biçimini destekler. + +Asenkron web (ASGI) özelliği, WebSockets için destek eklemek için Django'ya eklenmiş olsa da. + +Asenkron çalışabilme NodeJS in popüler olmasının sebebi (paralel olamasa bile) ve Go dilini güçlü yapan özelliktir. + +Ve bu **FastAPI** ile elde ettiğiniz performans düzeyiyle aynıdır. + +Aynı anda paralellik ve asenkronluğa sahip olabildiğiniz için, test edilen NodeJS çerçevelerinin çoğundan daha yüksek performans elde edersiniz ve C'ye daha yakın derlenmiş bir dil olan Go ile eşit bir performans elde edersiniz (bütün teşekkürler Starlette'e ). + +### Eşzamanlılık paralellikten daha mı iyi? + +Hayır! Hikayenin ahlakı bu değil. + +Eşzamanlılık paralellikten farklıdır. Ve çok fazla bekleme içeren **belirli** senaryolarda daha iyidir. Bu nedenle, genellikle web uygulamaları için paralellikten çok daha iyidir. Ama her şey için değil. + +Yanı, bunu aklınızda oturtmak için aşağıdaki kısa hikayeyi hayal edin: + +> Büyük, kirli bir evi temizlemelisin. + +*Evet, tüm hikaye bu*. + +--- + +Beklemek yok 🕙. Hiçbir yerde. Sadece evin birden fazla yerinde yapılacak fazlasıyla iş var. + +You could have turns as in the burgers example, first the living room, then the kitchen, but as you are not waiting 🕙 for anything, just cleaning and cleaning, the turns wouldn't affect anything. +Hamburger örneğindeki gibi dönüşleriniz olabilir, önce oturma odası, sonra mutfak, ama hiçbir şey için 🕙 beklemediğinizden, sadece temizlik, temizlik ve temizlik, dönüşler hiçbir şeyi etkilemez. + +Sıralı veya sırasız (eşzamanlılık) bitirmek aynı zaman alır ve aynı miktarda işi yaparsınız. + +Ama bu durumda, 8 eski kasiyer/aşçı - yeni temizlikçiyi getirebilseydiniz 👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳👩‍🍳👨‍🍳 ve her birini (artı siz) evin bir bölgesini temizlemek için görevlendirseydiniz, ekstra yardımla tüm işleri **paralel** olarak yapabilir ve çok daha erken bitirebilirdiniz. + +Bu senaryoda, temizlikçilerin her biri (siz dahil) birer işlemci olacak ve üzerine düşeni yapacaktır. + +Yürütme süresinin çoğu (beklemek yerine) iş yapıldığından ve bilgisayardaki iş bir CPU tarafından yapıldığından, bu sorunlara "CPU bound" diyorlar". + +--- + +CPU'ya bağlı işlemlerin yaygın örnekleri, karmaşık matematik işlemleri gerektiren işlerdir. + +Örneğin: + +* **Ses** veya **görüntü işleme**. +* **Bilgisayar görüsü**: bir görüntü milyonlarca pikselden oluşur, her pikselin 3 değeri / rengi vardır, bu pikseller üzerinde aynı anda bir şeyler hesaplamayı gerektiren işleme. +* **Makine Öğrenimi**: Çok sayıda "matris" ve "vektör" çarpımı gerektirir. Sayıları olan ve hepsini aynı anda çarpan büyük bir elektronik tablo düşünün. +* **Derin Öğrenme**: Bu, Makine Öğreniminin bir alt alanıdır, dolayısıyla aynısı geçerlidir. Sadece çarpılacak tek bir sayı tablosu değil, büyük bir sayı kümesi vardır ve çoğu durumda bu modelleri oluşturmak ve/veya kullanmak için özel işlemciler kullanırsınız. + +### Eşzamanlılık + Paralellik: Web + Makine Öğrenimi + +**FastAPI** ile web geliştirme için çok yaygın olan eşzamanlılıktan yararlanabilirsiniz (NodeJS'in aynı çekiciliği). + +Ancak, Makine Öğrenimi sistemlerindekile gibi **CPU'ya bağlı** iş yükleri için paralellik ve çoklu işlemenin (birden çok işlemin paralel olarak çalışması) avantajlarından da yararlanabilirsiniz. + +Buna ek olarak Python'un **Veri Bilimi**, Makine Öğrenimi ve özellikle Derin Öğrenme için ana dil olduğu gerçeği, FastAPI'yi Veri Bilimi / Makine Öğrenimi web API'leri ve uygulamaları için çok iyi bir seçenek haline getirir. + +Production'da nasıl oldugunu görmek için şu bölüme bakın [Deployment](deployment/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## `async` ve `await` + +Python'un modern sürümleri, asenkron kodu tanımlamanın çok sezgisel bir yoluna sahiptir. Bu, normal "sequentıal" (sıralı) kod gibi görünmesini ve doğru anlarda sizin için "awaıt" ile bekleme yapmasını sağlar. + +Sonuçları vermeden önce beklemeyi gerektirecek ve yeni Python özelliklerini destekleyen bir işlem olduğunda aşağıdaki gibi kodlayabilirsiniz: + +```Python +burgers = await get_burgers(2) +``` + +Buradaki `await` anahtari Python'a, sonuçları `burgers` degiskenine atamadan önce `get_burgers(2)` kodunun işini bitirmesini 🕙 beklemesi gerektiğini söyler. Bununla Python, bu ara zamanda başka bir şey 🔀 ⏯ yapabileceğini bilecektir (başka bir istek almak gibi). + + `await`kodunun çalışması için, eşzamansızlığı destekleyen bir fonksiyonun içinde olması gerekir. Bunu da yapmak için fonksiyonu `async def` ile tanımlamamız yeterlidir: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +async def get_burgers(number: int): + # burgerleri oluşturmak için asenkron birkaç iş + return burgers +``` + +...`def` yerine: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +# bu kod asenkron değil +def get_sequential_burgers(number: int): + # burgerleri oluşturmak için senkron bırkaç iş + return burgers +``` + +`async def` ile Python, bu fonksıyonun içinde, `await` ifadelerinin farkında olması gerektiğini ve çalışma zamanı gelmeden önce bu işlevin yürütülmesini "duraklatabileceğini" ve başka bir şey yapabileceğini 🔀 bilir. + +`async def` fonksiyonunu çağırmak istediğinizde, onu "awaıt" ıle kullanmanız gerekir. Yani, bu işe yaramaz: + +```Python +# Bu işe yaramaz, çünkü get_burgers, şu şekilde tanımlandı: async def +burgers = get_burgers(2) +``` + +--- + +Bu nedenle, size onu `await` ile çağırabileceğinizi söyleyen bir kitaplık kullanıyorsanız, onu `async def` ile tanımlanan *path fonksiyonu* içerisinde kullanmanız gerekir, örneğin: + +```Python hl_lines="2-3" +@app.get('/burgers') +async def read_burgers(): + burgers = await get_burgers(2) + return burgers +``` + +### Daha fazla teknik detay + +`await` in yalnızca `async def` ile tanımlanan fonksıyonların içinde kullanılabileceğini fark etmişsinizdir. + +Ama aynı zamanda, `async def` ile tanımlanan fonksiyonların "await" ile beklenmesi gerekir. Bu nedenle, "`async def` içeren fonksiyonlar yalnızca "`async def` ile tanımlanan fonksiyonların içinde çağrılabilir. + + +Yani yumurta mı tavukdan, tavuk mu yumurtadan gibi ilk `async` fonksiyonu nasıl çağırılır? + +**FastAPI** ile çalışıyorsanız bunun için endişelenmenize gerek yok, çünkü bu "ilk" fonksiyon sizin *path fonksiyonunuz* olacak ve FastAPI doğru olanı nasıl yapacağını bilecek. + +Ancak FastAPI olmadan `async` / `await` kullanmak istiyorsanız, resmi Python belgelerini kontrol edin. + +### Asenkron kodun diğer biçimleri + +Bu `async` ve `await` kullanimi oldukça yenidir. + +Ancak asenkron kodla çalışmayı çok daha kolay hale getirir. + +Aynı sözdizimi (hemen hemen aynı) son zamanlarda JavaScript'in modern sürümlerine de dahil edildi (Tarayıcı ve NodeJS'de). + +Ancak bundan önce, asenkron kodu işlemek oldukça karmaşık ve zordu. + +Python'un önceki sürümlerinde, threadlerı veya Gevent kullanıyor olabilirdin. Ancak kodu anlamak, hata ayıklamak ve düşünmek çok daha karmaşık olurdu. + +NodeJS / Browser JavaScript'in önceki sürümlerinde, "callback" kullanırdınız. Bu da callbacks cehennemine yol açar. + +## Coroutine'ler + +**Coroutine**, bir `async def` fonksiyonu tarafından döndürülen değer için çok süslü bir terimdir. Python bunun bir fonksiyon gibi bir noktada başlayıp biteceğini bilir, ancak içinde bir `await` olduğunda dahili olarak da duraklatılabilir ⏸. + +Ancak, `async` ve `await` ile asenkron kod kullanmanın tüm bu işlevselliği, çoğu zaman "Coroutine" kullanmak olarak adlandırılır. Go'nun ana özelliği olan "Goroutines" ile karşılaştırılabilir. + +## Sonuç + +Aynı ifadeyi yukarıdan görelim: + +> Python'ın modern sürümleri, **"async" ve "await"** sözdizimi ile birlikte **"coroutines"** adlı bir özelliği kullanan **"asenkron kod"** desteğine sahiptir. + +Şimdi daha mantıklı gelmeli. ✨ + +FastAPI'ye (Starlette aracılığıyla) güç veren ve bu kadar etkileyici bir performansa sahip olmasını sağlayan şey budur. + +## Çok Teknik Detaylar + +!!! warning + Muhtemelen burayı atlayabilirsiniz. + + Bunlar, **FastAPI**'nin altta nasıl çalıştığına dair çok teknik ayrıntılardır. + + Biraz teknik bilginiz varsa (co-routines, threads, blocking, vb)ve FastAPI'nin "async def" ile normal "def" arasındaki farkı nasıl işlediğini merak ediyorsanız, devam edin. + +### Path fonksiyonu + +"async def" yerine normal "def" ile bir *yol işlem işlevi* bildirdiğinizde, doğrudan çağrılmak yerine (sunucuyu bloke edeceğinden) daha sonra beklenen harici bir iş parçacığı havuzunda çalıştırılır. + +Yukarıda açıklanan şekilde çalışmayan başka bir asenkron framework'den geliyorsanız ve küçük bir performans kazancı (yaklaşık 100 nanosaniye) için "def" ile *path fonksiyonu* tanımlamaya alışkınsanız, **FastAPI**'de tam tersi olacağını unutmayın. Bu durumlarda, *path fonksiyonu* G/Ç engelleyen durum oluşturmadıkça "async def" kullanmak daha iyidir. + +Yine de, her iki durumda da, **FastAPI**'nin önceki frameworkden [hala daha hızlı](/#performance){.internal-link target=_blank} (veya en azından karşılaştırılabilir) olma olasılığı vardır. + +### Bagımlılıklar + +Aynısı bağımlılıklar için de geçerlidir. Bir bağımlılık, "async def" yerine standart bir "def" işleviyse, harici iş parçacığı havuzunda çalıştırılır. + +### Alt-bağımlıklar + +Birbirini gerektiren (fonksiyonlarin parametreleri olarak) birden fazla bağımlılık ve alt bağımlılıklarınız olabilir, bazıları 'async def' ve bazıları normal 'def' ile oluşturulabilir. Yine de normal 'def' ile oluşturulanlar, "await" kulanilmadan harici bir iş parçacığında (iş parçacığı havuzundan) çağrılır. + +### Diğer yardımcı fonksiyonlar + +Doğrudan çağırdığınız diğer herhangi bir yardımcı fonksiyonu, normal "def" veya "async def" ile tanimlayabilirsiniz. FastAPI onu çağırma şeklinizi etkilemez. + +Bu, FastAPI'nin sizin için çağırdığı fonksiyonlarin tam tersidir: *path fonksiyonu* ve bağımlılıklar. + +Yardımcı program fonksiyonunuz 'def' ile normal bir işlevse, bir iş parçacığı havuzunda değil doğrudan (kodunuzda yazdığınız gibi) çağrılır, işlev 'async def' ile oluşturulmuşsa çağırıldığı yerde 'await' ile beklemelisiniz. + +--- + +Yeniden, bunlar, onları aramaya geldiğinizde muhtemelen işinize yarayacak çok teknik ayrıntılardır. + +Aksi takdirde, yukarıdaki bölümdeki yönergeleri iyi bilmelisiniz: Aceleniz mi var?. diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/benchmarks.md b/docs/tr/docs/benchmarks.md index 1ce3c758f..eb5472869 100644 --- a/docs/tr/docs/benchmarks.md +++ b/docs/tr/docs/benchmarks.md @@ -1,34 +1,34 @@ # Kıyaslamalar -Bağımsız TechEmpower kıyaslamaları gösteriyor ki Uvicorn'la beraber çalışan **FastAPI** uygulamaları Python'un en hızlı frameworklerinden birisi , sadece Starlette ve Uvicorn'dan daha düşük sıralamada (FastAPI bu frameworklerin üzerine kurulu). (*) +Bağımsız TechEmpower kıyaslamaları gösteriyor ki en hızlı Python frameworklerinden birisi olan Uvicorn ile çalıştırılan **FastAPI** uygulamaları, sadece Starlette ve Uvicorn'dan daha düşük sıralamada (FastAPI bu frameworklerin üzerine kurulu) yer alıyor. (*) Fakat kıyaslamaları ve karşılaştırmaları incelerken şunları aklınızda bulundurmalısınız. -## Kıyaslamalar ve hız +## Kıyaslamalar ve Hız -Kıyaslamaları incelediğinizde, farklı özelliklere sahip birçok araçların eşdeğer olarak karşılaştırıldığını görmek yaygındır. +Kıyaslamaları incelediğinizde, farklı özelliklere sahip araçların eşdeğer olarak karşılaştırıldığını yaygın bir şekilde görebilirsiniz. -Özellikle, Uvicorn, Starlette ve FastAPI'ın birlikte karşılaştırıldığını görmek için (diğer birçok araç arasında). +Özellikle, (diğer birçok araç arasında) Uvicorn, Starlette ve FastAPI'ın birlikte karşılaştırıldığını görebilirsiniz. -Araç tarafından çözülen sorun ne kadar basitse, o kadar iyi performans alacaktır. Ve kıyaslamaların çoğu, araç tarafından sağlanan ek özellikleri test etmez. +Aracın çözdüğü problem ne kadar basitse, performansı o kadar iyi olacaktır. Ancak kıyaslamaların çoğu, aracın sağladığı ek özellikleri test etmez. Hiyerarşi şöyledir: * **Uvicorn**: bir ASGI sunucusu - * **Starlette**: (Uvicorn'u kullanır) bir web microframeworkü - * **FastAPI**: (Starlette'i kullanır) data validation vb. ile API'lar oluşturmak için çeşitli ek özelliklere sahip bir API frameworkü + * **Starlette**: (Uvicorn'u kullanır) bir web mikroframeworkü + * **FastAPI**: (Starlette'i kullanır) veri doğrulama vb. çeşitli ek özelliklere sahip, API oluşturmak için kullanılan bir API mikroframeworkü * **Uvicorn**: - * Sunucunun kendisi dışında ekstra bir kod içermediği için en iyi performansa sahip olacaktır - * Direkt olarak Uvicorn'da bir uygulama yazmazsınız. Bu, en azından Starlette tarafından sağlanan tüm kodu (veya **FastAPI**) az çok içermesi gerektiği anlamına gelir. Ve eğer bunu yaptıysanız, son uygulamanız bir framework kullanmak ve uygulama kodlarını ve bugları en aza indirmekle aynı ek yüke sahip olacaktır. + * Sunucunun kendisi dışında ekstra bir kod içermediği için en iyi performansa sahip olacaktır. + * Doğrudan Uvicorn ile bir uygulama yazmazsınız. Bu, yazdığınız kodun en azından Starlette tarafından sağlanan tüm kodu (veya **FastAPI**) az çok içermesi gerektiği anlamına gelir. Eğer bunu yaptıysanız, son uygulamanız bir framework kullanmak ve uygulama kodlarını ve hataları en aza indirmekle aynı ek yüke sahip olacaktır. * Eğer Uvicorn'u karşılaştırıyorsanız, Daphne, Hypercorn, uWSGI, vb. uygulama sunucuları ile karşılaştırın. * **Starlette**: - * Uvicorn'dan sonraki en iyi performansa sahip olacak. Aslında, Starlette çalışmak için Uvicorn'u kullanıyor. Dolayısıyla, muhtemelen daha fazla kod çalıştırmak zorunda kaldığında Uvicorn'dan sadece "daha yavaş" olabilir. - * Ancak routing based on paths ile vb. basit web uygulamaları oluşturmak için araçlar sağlar. - * Eğer Starlette'i karşılaştırıyorsanız, Sanic, Flask, Django, vb. frameworkler (veya microframeworkler) ile karşılaştırın. + * Uvicorn'dan sonraki en iyi performansa sahip olacaktır. İşin aslı, Starlette çalışmak için Uvicorn'u kullanıyor. Dolayısıyla, daha fazla kod çalıştırmaası gerektiğinden muhtemelen Uvicorn'dan sadece "daha yavaş" olabilir. + * Ancak yol bazlı yönlendirme vb. basit web uygulamaları oluşturmak için araçlar sağlar. + * Eğer Starlette'i karşılaştırıyorsanız, Sanic, Flask, Django, vb. frameworkler (veya mikroframeworkler) ile karşılaştırın. * **FastAPI**: - * Starlette'in Uvicorn'u kullandığı ve ondan daha hızlı olamayacağı gibi, **FastAPI** da Starlette'i kullanır, bu yüzden ondan daha hızlı olamaz. - * FastAPI, Starlette'e ek olarak daha fazla özellik sunar. Data validation ve serialization gibi API'lar oluştururken neredeyse ve her zaman ihtiyaç duyduğunuz özellikler. Ve bunu kullanarak, ücretsiz olarak otomatik dokümantasyon elde edersiniz (otomatik dokümantasyon çalışan uygulamalara ek yük getirmez, başlangıçta oluşturulur). - * FastAPI'ı kullanmadıysanız ve Starlette'i doğrudan kullandıysanız (veya başka bir araç, Sanic, Flask, Responder, vb.) tüm data validation'ı ve serialization'ı kendiniz sağlamanız gerekir. Dolayısıyla, son uygulamanız FastAPI kullanılarak oluşturulmuş gibi hâlâ aynı ek yüke sahip olacaktır. Çoğu durumda, uygulamalarda yazılan kodun büyük çoğunluğunu data validation ve serialization oluşturur. - * Dolayısıyla, FastAPI'ı kullanarak geliştirme süresinden, buglardan, kod satırlarından tasarruf edersiniz ve muhtemelen kullanmasaydınız aynı performansı (veya daha iyisini) elde edersiniz. (hepsini kodunuza uygulamak zorunda kalacağınız gibi) - * Eğer FastAPI'ı karşılaştırıyorsanız, Flask-apispec, NestJS, Molten, vb. gibi data validation, serialization ve dokümantasyon sağlayan bir web uygulaması frameworkü ile (veya araç setiyle) karşılaştırın. Entegre otomatik data validation, serialization ve dokümantasyon içeren frameworkler. + * Starlette'in Uvicorn'u kullandığı ve ondan daha hızlı olamayacağı gibi, **FastAPI**'da Starlette'i kullanır, dolayısıyla ondan daha hızlı olamaz. + * FastAPI, Starlette'e ek olarak daha fazla özellik sunar. Bunlar veri doğrulama ve dönüşümü gibi API'lar oluştururken neredeyse ve her zaman ihtiyaç duyduğunuz özelliklerdir. Ve bunu kullanarak, ücretsiz olarak otomatik dokümantasyon elde edersiniz (otomatik dokümantasyon çalışan uygulamalara ek yük getirmez, başlangıçta oluşturulur). + * FastAPI'ı kullanmadıysanız ve Starlette'i doğrudan kullandıysanız (veya başka bir araç, Sanic, Flask, Responder, vb.) tüm veri doğrulama ve dönüştürme araçlarını kendiniz geliştirmeniz gerekir. Dolayısıyla, son uygulamanız FastAPI kullanılarak oluşturulmuş gibi hâlâ aynı ek yüke sahip olacaktır. Çoğu durumda, uygulamalarda yazılan kodun büyük bir kısmını veri doğrulama ve dönüştürme kodları oluşturur. + * Dolayısıyla, FastAPI'ı kullanarak geliştirme süresinden, hatalardan, kod satırlarından tasarruf edersiniz ve kullanmadığınız durumda (birçok özelliği geliştirmek zorunda kalmakla birlikte) muhtemelen aynı performansı (veya daha iyisini) elde ederdiniz. + * Eğer FastAPI'ı karşılaştırıyorsanız, Flask-apispec, NestJS, Molten, vb. gibi veri doğrulama, dönüştürme ve dokümantasyon sağlayan bir web uygulaması frameworkü ile (veya araç setiyle) karşılaştırın. diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/external-links.md b/docs/tr/docs/external-links.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..78eaf1729 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/tr/docs/external-links.md @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# Harici Bağlantılar ve Makaleler + +**FastAPI** sürekli büyüyen harika bir topluluğa sahiptir. + +**FastAPI** ile alakalı birçok yazı, makale, araç ve proje bulunmaktadır. + +Bunlardan bazılarının tamamlanmamış bir listesi aşağıda bulunmaktadır. + +!!! tip "İpucu" + Eğer **FastAPI** ile alakalı henüz burada listelenmemiş bir makale, proje, araç veya başka bir şeyiniz varsa, bunu eklediğiniz bir Pull Request oluşturabilirsiniz. + +{% for section_name, section_content in external_links.items() %} + +## {{ section_name }} + +{% for lang_name, lang_content in section_content.items() %} + +### {{ lang_name }} + +{% for item in lang_content %} + +* {{ item.title }} by {{ item.author }}. + +{% endfor %} +{% endfor %} +{% endfor %} + +## Projeler + +`fastapi` konulu en son GitHub projeleri: + +
+
diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/fastapi-people.md b/docs/tr/docs/fastapi-people.md index 3e459036a..4ab43ac00 100644 --- a/docs/tr/docs/fastapi-people.md +++ b/docs/tr/docs/fastapi-people.md @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ +--- +hide: + - navigation +--- + # FastAPI Topluluğu FastAPI, her kökenden insanı ağırlayan harika bir topluluğa sahip. ## Yazan - Geliştiren -Hey! 👋 +Merhaba! 👋 İşte bu benim: @@ -12,38 +17,37 @@ Hey! 👋
{% for user in people.maintainers %} -
@{{ user.login }}
Answers: {{ user.answers }}
Pull Requests: {{ user.prs }}
+
@{{ user.login }}
Cevaplar: {{ user.answers }}
Pull Request'ler: {{ user.prs }}
{% endfor %}
{% endif %} -Ben **FastAPI** 'nin yazarı ve geliştiricisiyim. Bununla ilgili daha fazla bilgiyi şurada okuyabilirsiniz: - [FastAPI yardım - yardım al - Yazar ile iletişime geç](help-fastapi.md#connect-with-the-author){.internal-link target=_blank}. +Ben **FastAPI**'ın geliştiricisiyim. Bununla ilgili daha fazla bilgiyi şurada okuyabilirsiniz: [FastAPI yardım - yardım al - benimle iletişime geç](help-fastapi.md#connect-with-the-author){.internal-link target=_blank}. -... Burada size harika FastAPI topluluğunu göstermek istiyorum. +...burada size harika FastAPI topluluğunu göstermek istiyorum. --- -**FastAPI** topluluğundan destek alıyor. Ve katkıda bulunanları vurgulamak istiyorum. +**FastAPI**, topluluğundan çok destek alıyor. Ben de onların katkılarını vurgulamak istiyorum. -İşte o mükemmel insanlar: +Bu insanlar: -* [GitHubdaki sorunları (issues) çözmelerinde diğerlerine yardım et](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank}. -* [Pull Requests oluşturun](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank}. -* Pull Requests 'leri gözden geçirin, [özelliklede çevirileri](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank}. +* [GitHubdaki soruları cevaplayarak diğerlerine yardım ediyor](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank}. +* [Pull Request'ler oluşturuyor](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank}. +* Pull Request'leri gözden geçiriyorlar, [özellikle çeviriler için bu çok önemli](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank}. -Onlara bir alkış. 👏 🙇 +Onları bir alkışlayalım. 👏 🙇 -## Geçen ayın en aktif kullanıcıları +## Geçen Ayın En Aktif Kullanıcıları -Bunlar geçen ay boyunca [GitHub' da başkalarına sorunlarında (issues) en çok yardımcı olan ](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} kullanıcılar ☕ +Geçtiğimiz ay boyunca [GitHub'da diğerlerine en çok yardımcı olan](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} kullanıcılar. ☕ {% if people %}
{% for user in people.last_month_active %} -
@{{ user.login }}
Issues replied: {{ user.count }}
+
@{{ user.login }}
Cevaplanan soru sayısı: {{ user.count }}
{% endfor %}
@@ -53,57 +57,57 @@ Bunlar geçen ay boyunca [GitHub' da başkalarına sorunlarında (issues) en ço İşte **FastAPI Uzmanları**. 🤓 -Bunlar *tüm zamanlar boyunca* [GitHub' da başkalarına sorunlarında (issues) en çok yardımcı olan](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} kullanıcılar. +Uzmanlarımız ise *tüm zamanlar boyunca* [GitHub'da insanların sorularına en çok yardımcı olan](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} insanlar. -Başkalarına yardım ederek uzman olduklarını kanıtladılar. ✨ +Bir çok kullanıcıya yardım ederek uzman olduklarını kanıtladılar! ✨ {% if people %}
{% for user in people.experts %} -
@{{ user.login }}
Issues replied: {{ user.count }}
+
@{{ user.login }}
Cevaplanan soru sayısı: {{ user.count }}
{% endfor %}
{% endif %} -## En fazla katkıda bulunanlar +## En Fazla Katkıda Bulunanlar -işte **En fazla katkıda bulunanlar**. 👷 +Şimdi ise sıra **en fazla katkıda bulunanlar**da. 👷 -Bu kullanıcılar en çok [Pull Requests oluşturan](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank} ve onu kaynak koduna *birleştirenler*. +Bu kullanıcılar en fazla [kaynak koduyla birleştirilen Pull Request'lere](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank} sahip! -Kaynak koduna, belgelere, çevirilere vb. katkıda bulundular. 📦 +Kaynak koduna, dökümantasyona, çevirilere ve bir sürü şeye katkıda bulundular. 📦 {% if people %}
{% for user in people.top_contributors %} -
@{{ user.login }}
Pull Requests: {{ user.count }}
+
@{{ user.login }}
Pull Request sayısı: {{ user.count }}
{% endfor %}
{% endif %} -Çok fazla katkıda bulunan var (binden fazla), hepsini şurda görebilirsin: FastAPI GitHub Katkıda Bulunanlar. 👷 +Bunlar dışında katkıda bulunan, yüzden fazla, bir sürü insan var. Hepsini FastAPI GitHub Katkıda Bulunanlar sayfasında görebilirsin. 👷 -## En fazla inceleme yapanlar +## En Fazla Değerlendirme Yapanlar -İşte **En fazla inceleme yapanlar**. 🕵️ +İşte **en çok değerlendirme yapanlar**. 🕵️ -### Çeviri için İncelemeler +### Çeviri Değerlendirmeleri -Yalnızca birkaç dil konuşabiliyorum (ve çok da iyi değilim 😅). Bu yüzden döküman çevirilerini [**onaylama yetkisi**](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank} siz inceleyenlere aittir. Sizler olmadan diğer birkaç dilde dokümantasyon olmazdı. +Yalnızca birkaç dil konuşabiliyorum (ve çok da iyi değilim 😅). Bu yüzden değerlendirme yapanların da döküman çevirilerini [**onaylama yetkisi**](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank} var. Onlar olmasaydı çeşitli dillerde dökümantasyon da olmazdı. --- -**En fazla inceleme yapanlar** 🕵️ kodun, belgelerin ve özellikle **çevirilerin** kalitesini sağlamak için diğerlerinden daha fazla pull requests incelemiştir. +**En fazla değerlendirme yapanlar** 🕵️ kodun, dökümantasyonun ve özellikle **çevirilerin** Pull Request'lerini inceleyerek kalitesinden emin oldular. {% if people %}
{% for user in people.top_reviewers %} -
@{{ user.login }}
Reviews: {{ user.count }}
+
@{{ user.login }}
Değerlendirme sayısı: {{ user.count }}
{% endfor %}
@@ -113,66 +117,67 @@ Yalnızca birkaç dil konuşabiliyorum (ve çok da iyi değilim 😅). Bu yüzde işte **Sponsorlarımız**. 😎 -**FastAPI** ve diğer projelerde çalışmamı destekliyorlar, özellikle de GitHub Sponsorları. +Çoğunlukla GitHub Sponsorları aracılığıyla olmak üzere, **FastAPI** ve diğer projelerdeki çalışmalarımı destekliyorlar. + +{% if sponsors %} + +{% if sponsors.gold %} ### Altın Sponsorlar -{% if sponsors %} {% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%} {% endfor %} {% endif %} +{% if sponsors.silver %} + ### Gümüş Sponsorlar -{% if sponsors %} {% for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%} {% endfor %} {% endif %} +{% if sponsors.bronze %} + ### Bronz Sponsorlar -{% if sponsors %} {% for sponsor in sponsors.bronze -%} {% endfor %} {% endif %} +{% endif %} + ### Bireysel Sponsorlar -{% if people %} -{% if people.sponsors_50 %} +{% if github_sponsors %} +{% for group in github_sponsors.sponsors %}
-{% for user in people.sponsors_50 %} + +{% for user in group %} +{% if user.login not in sponsors_badge.logins %}
@{{ user.login }}
+ +{% endif %} {% endfor %}
-{% endif %} -{% endif %} - -{% if people %} -
-{% for user in people.sponsors %} - -
@{{ user.login }}
{% endfor %} - -
{% endif %} -## Veriler hakkında - Teknik detaylar +## Veriler - Teknik detaylar Bu sayfanın temel amacı, topluluğun başkalarına yardım etme çabasını vurgulamaktır. -Özellikle normalde daha az görünür olan ve çoğu durumda daha zahmetli olan, diğerlerine sorunlar konusunda yardımcı olmak ve pull requests'leri gözden geçirmek gibi çabalar dahil. +Özellikle normalde daha az görünür olan ve çoğu durumda daha zahmetli olan, diğerlerine sorularında yardımcı olmak, çevirileri ve Pull Request'leri gözden geçirmek gibi çabalar dahil. -Veriler ayda bir hesaplanır, işte kaynak kodu okuyabilirsin :source code here. +Veriler ayda bir hesaplanır, kaynak kodu buradan okuyabilirsin. -Burada sponsorların katkılarını da tekrardan vurgulamak isterim. +Burada sponsorların katkılarını da vurguluyorum. -Ayrıca algoritmayı, bölümleri, eşikleri vb. güncelleme hakkımı da saklı tutarım (her ihtimale karşı 🤷). +Ayrıca algoritmayı, bölümleri, eşikleri vb. güncelleme hakkımı da saklı tutuyorum (her ihtimale karşı 🤷). diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/features.md b/docs/tr/docs/features.md index c06c27c16..8b143ffe7 100644 --- a/docs/tr/docs/features.md +++ b/docs/tr/docs/features.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ ### Açık standartları temel alır -* API oluşturma işlemlerinde OpenAPI buna path operasyonları parametreleri, body talebi, güvenlik gibi şeyler dahil olmak üzere deklare bunların deklare edilmesi. +* API oluşturma işlemlerinde OpenAPI buna path operasyonları parametreleri, body talebi, güvenlik gibi şeyler dahil olmak üzere deklare bunların deklare edilmesi. * Otomatik olarak data modelinin JSON Schema ile beraber dokümante edilmesi (OpenAPI'n kendisi zaten JSON Schema'ya dayanıyor). * Titiz bir çalışmanın sonucunda yukarıdaki standartlara uygun bir framework oluşturduk. Standartları pastanın üzerine sonradan eklenmiş bir çilek olarak görmedik. * Ayrıca bu bir çok dilde kullanılabilecek **client code generator** kullanımına da izin veriyor. @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ OpenAPI standartlarına dayalı olan bir framework olarak, geliştiricilerin bir ### Sadece modern Python -Tamamiyle standartlar **Python 3.6**'nın type hintlerine dayanıyor (Pydantic'in sayesinde). Yeni bir syntax öğrenmene gerek yok. Sadece modern Python. +Tamamiyle standartlar **Python 3.8**'nın type hintlerine dayanıyor (Pydantic'in sayesinde). Yeni bir syntax öğrenmene gerek yok. Sadece modern Python. Eğer Python type hintlerini bilmiyorsan veya bir hatırlatmaya ihtiyacın var ise(FastAPI kullanmasan bile) şu iki dakikalık küçük bilgilendirici içeriğe bir göz at: [Python Types](python-types.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ my_second_user: User = User(**second_user_data) ### Editor desteği -Bütün framework kullanılması kolay ve sezgileri güçlü olması için tasarlandı, verilen bütün kararlar geliştiricilere en iyi geliştirme deneyimini yaşatmak üzere, bir çok editör üzerinde test edildi. +Bütün framework kullanılması kolay ve sezgileri güçlü olması için tasarlandı, verilen bütün kararlar geliştiricilere en iyi geliştirme deneyimini yaşatmak üzere, bir çok editör üzerinde test edildi. Son yapılan Python geliştiricileri anketinde, açık ara en çok kullanılan özellik "oto-tamamlama" idi.. @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ Bütün güvenlik şemaları OpenAPI'da tanımlanmış durumda, kapsadıkları: Bütün güvenlik özellikleri Starlette'den geliyor (**session cookies'de** dahil olmak üzere). -Bütün hepsi tekrardan kullanılabilir aletler ve bileşenler olarak, kolayca sistemlerinize, data depolarınıza, ilişkisel ve NoSQL databaselerinize entegre edebileceğiniz şekilde yapıldı. +Bütün hepsi tekrardan kullanılabilir aletler ve bileşenler olarak, kolayca sistemlerinize, data depolarınıza, ilişkisel ve NoSQL databaselerinize entegre edebileceğiniz şekilde yapıldı. ### Dependency injection @@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ Bütün entegrasyonlar kullanımı kolay olmak üzere (zorunluluklar ile beraber * **GraphQL** desteği. * Kullanım halinde arka plan işlevleri. * Başlatma ve kapatma eventleri(startup and shutdown). -* Test sunucusu `requests` üzerine kurulu. +* Test sunucusu HTTPX üzerine kurulu. * **CORS**, GZip, Static dosyalar, Streaming responseları. * **Session and Cookie** desteği. * 100% test kapsayıcılığı. @@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ Aynı şekilde, databaseden gelen objeyi de **direkt olarak isteğe** de tamamiy * Kullandığın geliştirme araçları ile iyi çalışır **IDE/linter/brain**: * Pydantic'in veri yapıları aslında sadece senin tanımladığın classlar; Bu yüzden doğrulanmış dataların ile otomatik tamamlama, linting ve mypy'ı kullanarak sorunsuz bir şekilde çalışabilirsin * **Hızlı**: - * Benchmarklarda, Pydantic'in diğer bütün test edilmiş bütün kütüphanelerden daha hızlı. + * Benchmarklarda, Pydantic'in diğer bütün test edilmiş bütün kütüphanelerden daha hızlı. * **En kompleks** yapıları bile doğrula: * Hiyerarşik Pydantic modellerinin kullanımı ile beraber, Python `typing`’s `List` and `Dict`, vs gibi şeyleri doğrula. * Doğrulayıcılar en kompleks data şemalarının bile temiz ve kolay bir şekilde tanımlanmasına izin veriyor, ve hepsi JSON şeması olarak dokümante ediliyor @@ -206,4 +206,3 @@ Aynı şekilde, databaseden gelen objeyi de **direkt olarak isteğe** de tamamiy * **Genişletilebilir**: * Pydantic özelleştirilmiş data tiplerinin tanımlanmasının yapılmasına izin veriyor ayrıca validator decoratorü ile senin doğrulamaları genişletip, kendi doğrulayıcılarını yazmana izin veriyor. * 100% test kapsayıcılığı. - diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/help/index.md b/docs/tr/docs/help/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cef0914ce --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/tr/docs/help/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Yardım + +Yardım alın, yardım edin, katkıda bulunun, dahil olun. 🤝 diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/history-design-future.md b/docs/tr/docs/history-design-future.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..950fcf37d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/tr/docs/history-design-future.md @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +# Geçmişi, Tasarımı ve Geleceği + +Bir süre önce, bir **FastAPI** kullanıcısı sordu: + +> Bu projenin geçmişi nedir? Birkaç hafta içinde hiçbir yerden harika bir şeye dönüşmüş gibi görünüyor [...] + +İşte o geçmişin bir kısmı. + +## Alternatifler + +Bir süredir karmaşık gereksinimlere sahip API'lar oluşturuyor (Makine Öğrenimi, dağıtık sistemler, asenkron işler, NoSQL veritabanları vb.) ve farklı geliştirici ekiplerini yönetiyorum. + +Bu süreçte birçok alternatifi araştırmak, test etmek ve kullanmak zorunda kaldım. + +**FastAPI**'ın geçmişi, büyük ölçüde önceden geliştirilen araçların geçmişini kapsıyor. + +[Alternatifler](alternatives.md){.internal-link target=_blank} bölümünde belirtildiği gibi: + +
+ +Başkalarının daha önceki çalışmaları olmasaydı, **FastAPI** var olmazdı. + +Geçmişte oluşturulan pek çok araç **FastAPI**'a ilham kaynağı olmuştur. + +Yıllardır yeni bir framework oluşturmaktan kaçınıyordum. Başlangıçta **FastAPI**'ın çözdüğü sorunları çözebilmek için pek çok farklı framework, eklenti ve araç kullanmayı denedim. + +Ancak bir noktada, geçmişteki diğer araçlardan en iyi fikirleri alarak bütün bu çözümleri kapsayan, ayrıca bütün bunları Python'ın daha önce mevcut olmayan özelliklerini (Python 3.6+ ile gelen tip belirteçleri) kullanarak yapan bir şey üretmekten başka bir seçenek kalmamıştı. + +
+ +## Araştırma + +Önceki alternatifleri kullanarak hepsinden bir şeyler öğrenip, fikirler alıp, bunları kendim ve çalıştığım geliştirici ekipler için en iyi şekilde birleştirebilme şansım oldu. + +Mesela, ideal olarak standart Python tip belirteçlerine dayanması gerektiği açıktı. + +Ayrıca, en iyi yaklaşım zaten mevcut olan standartları kullanmaktı. + +Sonuç olarak, **FastAPI**'ı kodlamaya başlamadan önce, birkaç ay boyunca OpenAPI, JSON Schema, OAuth2 ve benzerlerinin tanımlamalarını inceledim. İlişkilerini, örtüştükleri noktaları ve farklılıklarını anlamaya çalıştım. + +## Tasarım + +Sonrasında, (**FastAPI** kullanan bir geliştirici olarak) sahip olmak istediğim "API"ı tasarlamak için biraz zaman harcadım. + +Çeşitli fikirleri en popüler Python editörlerinde test ettim: PyCharm, VS Code, Jedi tabanlı editörler. + +Bu test, en son Python Developer Survey'ine göre, kullanıcıların yaklaşık %80'inin kullandığı editörleri kapsıyor. + +Bu da demek oluyor ki **FastAPI**, Python geliştiricilerinin %80'inin kullandığı editörlerle test edildi. Ve diğer editörlerin çoğu benzer şekilde çalıştığından, avantajları neredeyse tüm editörlerde çalışacaktır. + +Bu şekilde, kod tekrarını mümkün olduğunca azaltmak, her yerde otomatik tamamlama, tip ve hata kontrollerine sahip olmak için en iyi yolları bulabildim. + +Hepsi, tüm geliştiriciler için en iyi geliştirme deneyimini sağlayacak şekilde. + +## Gereksinimler + +Çeşitli alternatifleri test ettikten sonra, avantajlarından dolayı **Pydantic**'i kullanmaya karar verdim. + +Sonra, JSON Schema ile tamamen uyumlu olmasını sağlamak, kısıtlama bildirimlerini tanımlamanın farklı yollarını desteklemek ve birkaç editördeki testlere dayanarak editör desteğini (tip kontrolleri, otomatik tamamlama) geliştirmek için katkıda bulundum. + +Geliştirme sırasında, diğer ana gereksinim olan **Starlette**'e de katkıda bulundum. + +## Geliştirme + +**FastAPI**'ı oluşturmaya başladığımda, parçaların çoğu zaten yerindeydi, tasarım tanımlanmıştı, gereksinimler ve araçlar hazırdı, standartlar ve tanımlamalar hakkındaki bilgi net ve tazeydi. + +## Gelecek + +Şimdiye kadar, **FastAPI**'ın fikirleriyle birçok kişiye faydalı olduğu apaçık ortada. + +Birçok kullanım durumuna daha iyi uyduğu için, önceki alternatiflerin yerine seçiliyor. + +Ben ve ekibim dahil, birçok geliştirici ve ekip projelerinde **FastAPI**'ya bağlı. + +Tabi, geliştirilecek birçok özellik ve iyileştirme mevcut. + +**FastAPI**'ın önünde harika bir gelecek var. + +[Yardımlarınız](help-fastapi.md){.internal-link target=_blank} çok değerlidir. diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/how-to/index.md b/docs/tr/docs/how-to/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ece29515 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/tr/docs/how-to/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Nasıl Yapılır - Tarifler + +Burada çeşitli konular hakkında farklı tarifler veya "nasıl yapılır" kılavuzları yer alıyor. + +Bu fikirlerin büyük bir kısmı aşağı yukarı **bağımsız** olacaktır, çoğu durumda bunları sadece **projenize** hitap ediyorsa incelemelisiniz. + +Projeniz için ilginç ve yararlı görünen bir şey varsa devam edin ve inceleyin, aksi halde bunları atlayabilirsiniz. + +!!! tip "İpucu" + + **FastAPI**'ı düzgün (ve önerilen) şekilde öğrenmek istiyorsanız [Öğretici - Kullanıcı Rehberi](../tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}'ni bölüm bölüm okuyun. diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/index.md b/docs/tr/docs/index.md index 88660f7eb..ac8830880 100644 --- a/docs/tr/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/tr/docs/index.md @@ -1,50 +1,48 @@ - -{!../../../docs/missing-translation.md!} - -

FastAPI

- FastAPI framework, yüksek performanslı, öğrenmesi kolay, geliştirmesi hızlı, kullanıma sunulmaya hazır. + FastAPI framework, yüksek performanslı, öğrenmesi oldukça kolay, kodlaması hızlı, kullanıma hazır

- - Test + + Test - - Coverage + + Coverage Package version + + Supported Python versions +

--- -**dokümantasyon**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com +**Dokümantasyon**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com -**Kaynak kodu**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi +**Kaynak Kod**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi --- -FastAPI, Python 3.6+'nın standart type hintlerine dayanan modern ve hızlı (yüksek performanslı) API'lar oluşturmak için kullanılabilecek web framework'ü. +FastAPI, Python 3.8+'nin standart tip belirteçlerine dayalı, modern ve hızlı (yüksek performanslı) API'lar oluşturmak için kullanılabilecek web framework'tür. -Ana özellikleri: +Temel özellikleri şunlardır: -* **Hızlı**: çok yüksek performanslı, **NodeJS** ve **Go** ile eşdeğer seviyede performans sağlıyor, (Starlette ve Pydantic sayesinde.) [Python'un en hızlı frameworklerinden bir tanesi.](#performans). -* **Kodlaması hızlı**: Yeni özellikler geliştirmek neredeyse %200 - %300 daha hızlı. * -* **Daha az bug**: Geliştirici (insan) kaynaklı hatalar neredeyse %40 azaltıldı. * -* **Sezgileri güçlü**: Editor (otomatik-tamamlama) desteği harika. Otomatik tamamlama her yerde. Debuglamak ile daha az zaman harcayacaksınız. -* **Kolay**: Öğrenmesi ve kullanması kolay olacak şekilde. Doküman okumak için harcayacağınız süre azaltıldı. -* **Kısa**: Kod tekrarını minimuma indirdik. Fonksiyon parametrelerinin tiplerini belirtmede farklı yollar sunarak karşılaşacağınız bug'ları azalttık. -* **Güçlü**: Otomatik dokümantasyon ile beraber, kullanıma hazır kod yaz. +* **Hızlı**: Çok yüksek performanslı, **NodeJS** ve **Go** ile eşit düzeyde (Starlette ve Pydantic sayesinde). [En hızlı Python framework'lerinden bir tanesidir](#performans). +* **Kodlaması Hızlı**: Geliştirme hızını yaklaşık %200 ile %300 aralığında arttırır. * +* **Daha az hata**: İnsan (geliştirici) kaynaklı hataları yaklaşık %40 azaltır. * +* **Sezgisel**: Muhteşem bir editör desteği. Her yerde otomatik tamamlama. Hata ayıklama ile daha az zaman harcayacaksınız. +* **Kolay**: Öğrenmesi ve kullanması kolay olacak şekilde tasarlandı. Doküman okuma ile daha az zaman harcayacaksınız. +* **Kısa**: Kod tekrarı minimize edildi. Her parametre tanımlamasında birden fazla özellik ve daha az hatayla karşılaşacaksınız. +* **Güçlü**: Otomatik ve etkileşimli dokümantasyon ile birlikte, kullanıma hazır kod elde edebilirsiniz. +* **Standard öncelikli**: API'lar için açık standartlara dayalı (ve tamamen uyumlu); OpenAPI (eski adıyla Swagger) ve JSON Schema. -* **Standartlar belirli**: Tamamiyle API'ların açık standartlara bağlı ve (tam uyumlululuk içerisinde); OpenAPI (eski adıyla Swagger) ve JSON Schema. +* ilgili kanılar, dahili geliştirme ekibinin geliştirdikleri ürünlere yaptıkları testlere dayanmaktadır. -* Bahsi geçen rakamsal ifadeler tamamiyle, geliştirme takımının kendi sundukları ürünü geliştirirken yaptıkları testlere dayanmakta. - -## Sponsors +## Sponsorlar @@ -59,74 +57,72 @@ Ana özellikleri: -Other sponsors +Diğer Sponsorlar ## Görüşler - -"_[...] Bugünlerde **FastAPI**'ı çok fazla kullanıyorum [...] Aslına bakarsanız **Microsoft'taki Machine Learning servislerimizin** hepsinde kullanmayı düşünüyorum. FastAPI ile geliştirdiğimiz servislerin bazıları çoktan **Windows**'un ana ürünlerine ve **Office** ürünlerine entegre edilmeye başlandı bile._" +"_[...] Bugünlerde **FastAPI**'ı çok fazla kullanıyorum. [...] Aslında bunu ekibimin **Microsoft'taki Machine Learning servislerinin** tamamında kullanmayı planlıyorum. Bunlardan bazıları **Windows**'un ana ürünlerine ve **Office** ürünlerine entegre ediliyor._"
Kabir Khan - Microsoft (ref)
--- - -"_**FastAPI**'ı **tahminlerimiz**'i sorgulanabilir hale getirmek için **REST** mimarisı ile beraber server üzerinde kullanmaya başladık._" - +"_**FastAPI**'ı **tahminlerimiz**'i sorgulanabilir hale getirecek bir **REST** sunucu oluşturmak için benimsedik/kullanmaya başladık._"
Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - Uber (ref)
--- - -"_**Netflix** **kriz yönetiminde** orkestrasyon yapabilmek için geliştirdiği yeni framework'ü **Dispatch**'in, açık kaynak versiyonunu paylaşmaktan gurur duyuyor. [**FastAPI** ile yapıldı.]_" +"_**Netflix**, **kriz yönetiminde** orkestrasyon yapabilmek için geliştirdiği yeni framework'ü **Dispatch**'in, açık kaynak sürümünü paylaşmaktan gurur duyuyor. [**FastAPI** ile yapıldı.]_"
Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - Netflix (ref)
--- - "_**FastAPI** için ayın üzerindeymişcesine heyecanlıyım. Çok eğlenceli!_" -
Brian Okken - Python Bytes podcast host (ref)
--- -"_Dürüst olmak gerekirse, geliştirdiğin şey bir çok açıdan çok sağlam ve parlak gözüküyor. Açıkcası benim **Hug**'ı tasarlarken yapmaya çalıştığım şey buydu - bunu birisinin başardığını görmek gerçekten çok ilham verici._" +"_Dürüst olmak gerekirse, inşa ettiğiniz şey gerçekten sağlam ve profesyonel görünüyor. Birçok açıdan **Hug**'ın olmasını istediğim şey tam da bu - böyle bir şeyi inşa eden birini görmek gerçekten ilham verici._" -
Timothy Crosley - Hug'ın Yaratıcısı (ref)
+
Timothy Crosley - Hug'ın Yaratıcısı (ref)
--- -"_Eğer REST API geliştirmek için **modern bir framework** öğrenme arayışında isen, **FastAPI**'a bir göz at [...] Hızlı, kullanımı ve öğrenmesi kolay. [...]_" - -"_Biz **API** servislerimizi **FastAPI**'a geçirdik [...] Sizin de beğeneceğinizi düşünüyoruz. [...]_" - +"_Eğer REST API geliştirmek için **modern bir framework** öğrenme arayışında isen, **FastAPI**'a bir göz at [...] Hızlı, kullanımı ve öğrenmesi kolay. [...]_" +"_**API** servislerimizi **FastAPI**'a taşıdık [...] Sizin de beğeneceğinizi düşünüyoruz. [...]_"
Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - Explosion AI kurucuları - spaCy yaratıcıları (ref) - (ref)
--- -## **Typer**, komut satırı uygulamalarının FastAPI'ı +"_Python ile kullanıma hazır bir API oluşturmak isteyen herhangi biri için, **FastAPI**'ı şiddetle tavsiye ederim. **Harika tasarlanmış**, **kullanımı kolay** ve **yüksek ölçeklenebilir**, API odaklı geliştirme stratejimizin **ana bileşeni** haline geldi ve Virtual TAC Engineer gibi birçok otomasyon ve servisi yönetiyor._" + +
Deon Pillsbury - Cisco (ref)
+ +--- + +## Komut Satırı Uygulamalarının FastAPI'ı: **Typer** -Eğer API yerine komut satırı uygulaması geliştiriyor isen **Typer**'a bir göz at. +Eğer API yerine, terminalde kullanılmak üzere bir komut satırı uygulaması geliştiriyorsanız **Typer**'a göz atabilirsiniz. -**Typer** kısaca FastAPI'ın küçük kız kardeşi. Komut satırı uygulamalarının **FastAPI'ı** olması hedeflendi. ⌨️ 🚀 +**Typer** kısaca FastAPI'ın küçük kardeşi. Ve hedefi komut satırı uygulamalarının **FastAPI'ı** olmak. ⌨️ 🚀 ## Gereksinimler -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.8+ FastAPI iki devin omuzları üstünde duruyor: * Web tarafı için Starlette. * Data tarafı için Pydantic. -## Yükleme +## Kurulum
@@ -138,12 +134,12 @@ $ pip install fastapi
-Uygulamanı kullanılabilir hale getirmek için Uvicorn ya da Hypercorn gibi bir ASGI serverına ihtiyacın olacak. +Uygulamamızı kullanılabilir hale getirmek için Uvicorn ya da Hypercorn gibi bir ASGI sunucusuna ihtiyacımız olacak.
```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` @@ -152,12 +148,12 @@ $ pip install uvicorn[standard] ## Örnek -### Şimdi dene +### Kodu Oluşturalım -* `main.py` adında bir dosya oluştur : +* `main.py` adında bir dosya oluşturup içine şu kodu yapıştıralım: ```Python -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -170,17 +166,17 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ```
Ya da async def... -Eğer kodunda `async` / `await` var ise, `async def` kullan: +Eğer kodunuzda `async` / `await` varsa, `async def` kullanalım: -```Python hl_lines="9 14" -from typing import Optional +```Python hl_lines="9 14" +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -193,19 +189,19 @@ async def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` **Not**: -Eğer ne olduğunu bilmiyor isen _"Acelen mi var?"_ kısmını oku `async` ve `await`. +Eğer bu konu hakkında bilginiz yoksa `async` ve `await` dokümantasyonundaki _"Aceleniz mi var?"_ kısmını kontrol edebilirsiniz.
-### Çalıştır +### Kodu Çalıştıralım -Serverı aşağıdaki komut ile çalıştır: +Sunucuyu aşağıdaki komutla çalıştıralım:
@@ -222,57 +218,57 @@ INFO: Application startup complete.
-Çalıştırdığımız uvicorn main:app --reload hakkında... +uvicorn main:app --reload komutuyla ilgili... -`uvicorn main:app` şunları ifade ediyor: +`uvicorn main:app` komutunu şu şekilde açıklayabiliriz: * `main`: dosya olan `main.py` (yani Python "modülü"). -* `app`: ise `main.py` dosyasının içerisinde oluşturduğumuz `app = FastAPI()` 'a denk geliyor. -* `--reload`: ise kodda herhangi bir değişiklik yaptığımızda serverın yapılan değişiklerileri algılayıp, değişiklikleri siz herhangi bir şey yapmadan uygulamasını sağlıyor. +* `app`: ise `main.py` dosyasının içerisinde `app = FastAPI()` satırında oluşturduğumuz `FastAPI` nesnesi. +* `--reload`: kod değişikliklerinin ardından sunucuyu otomatik olarak yeniden başlatır. Bu parameteyi sadece geliştirme aşamasında kullanmalıyız.
-### Dokümantasyonu kontrol et +### Şimdi de Kontrol Edelim -Browserını aç ve şu linke git http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. +Tarayıcımızda şu bağlantıyı açalım http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. -Bir JSON yanıtı göreceksin: +Aşağıdaki gibi bir JSON yanıtıyla karşılaşacağız: ```JSON {"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} ``` -Az önce oluşturduğun API: +Az önce oluşturduğumuz API: -* `/` ve `/items/{item_id}` adreslerine HTTP talebi alabilir hale geldi. -* İki _adresde_ `GET` operasyonlarını (HTTP _metodları_ olarakta bilinen) yapabilir hale geldi. -* `/items/{item_id}` _adresi_ ayrıca bir `item_id` _adres parametresine_ sahip ve bu bir `int` olmak zorunda. -* `/items/{item_id}` _adresi_ opsiyonel bir `str` _sorgu paramtersine_ sahip bu da `q`. +* `/` ve `/items/{item_id}` _yollarına_ HTTP isteği alabilir. +* İki _yolda_ `GET` operasyonlarını (HTTP _metodları_ olarak da bilinen) kabul ediyor. +* `/items/{item_id}` _yolu_ `item_id` adında bir _yol parametresine_ sahip ve bu parametre `int` değer almak zorundadır. +* `/items/{item_id}` _yolu_ `q` adında bir _yol parametresine_ sahip ve bu parametre opsiyonel olmakla birlikte, `str` değer almak zorundadır. -### İnteraktif API dokümantasyonu +### Etkileşimli API Dokümantasyonu -Şimdi http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs adresine git. +Şimdi http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs bağlantısını açalım. -Senin için otomatik oluşturulmuş(Swagger UI tarafından sağlanan) interaktif bir API dokümanı göreceksin: +Swagger UI tarafından sağlanan otomatik etkileşimli bir API dokümantasyonu göreceğiz: ![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) -### Alternatif API dokümantasyonu +### Alternatif API Dokümantasyonu -Şimdi http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc adresine git. +Şimdi http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc bağlantısını açalım. -Senin için alternatif olarak (ReDoc tarafından sağlanan) bir API dokümantasyonu daha göreceksin: +ReDoc tarafından sağlanan otomatik dokümantasyonu göreceğiz: ![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) -## Örnek bir değişiklik +## Örneği Güncelleyelim -Şimdi `main.py` dosyasını değiştirelim ve body ile `PUT` talebi alabilir hale getirelim. +Şimdi `main.py` dosyasını, `PUT` isteğiyle birlikte bir gövde alacak şekilde değiştirelim. -Şimdi Pydantic sayesinde, Python'un standart tiplerini kullanarak bir body tanımlayacağız. +Gövdeyi Pydantic sayesinde standart python tiplerini kullanarak tanımlayalım. -```Python hl_lines="4 9 10 11 12 25 26 27" -from typing import Optional +```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -283,7 +279,7 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str price: float - is_offer: Optional[bool] = None + is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None @app.get("/") @@ -292,7 +288,7 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} @@ -301,41 +297,41 @@ def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} ``` -Server otomatik olarak yeniden başlamalı (çünkü yukarıda `uvicorn`'u çalıştırırken `--reload` parametresini kullandık.). +Sunucu otomatik olarak yeniden başlamış olmalı (çünkü yukarıda `uvicorn` komutuyla birlikte `--reload` parametresini kullandık). -### İnteraktif API dokümantasyonu'nda değiştirme yapmak +### Etkileşimli API Dokümantasyonundaki Değişimi Görelim -Şimdi http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs bağlantısına tekrar git. +Şimdi http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs bağlantısına tekrar gidelim. -* İnteraktif API dokümantasyonu, yeni body ile beraber çoktan yenilenmiş olması lazım: +* Etkileşimli API dokümantasyonu, yeni gövdede dahil olmak üzere otomatik olarak güncellenmiş olacak: ![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) -* "Try it out"a tıkla, bu senin API parametleri üzerinde deneme yapabilmene izin veriyor: +* "Try it out" butonuna tıklayalım, bu işlem API parametleri üzerinde değişiklik yapmamıza ve doğrudan API ile etkileşime geçmemize imkan sağlayacak: ![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) -* Şimdi "Execute" butonuna tıkla, kullanıcı arayüzü otomatik olarak API'ın ile bağlantı kurarak ona bu parametreleri gönderecek ve sonucu karşına getirecek. +* Şimdi "Execute" butonuna tıklayalım, kullanıcı arayüzü API'ımız ile bağlantı kurup parametreleri gönderecek ve sonucu ekranımıza getirecek: ![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) -### Alternatif API dokümantasyonunda değiştirmek +### Alternatif API Dokümantasyonundaki Değişimi Görelim -Şimdi ise http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc adresine git. +Şimdi ise http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc bağlantısına tekrar gidelim. -* Alternatif dokümantasyonda koddaki değişimler ile beraber kendini yeni query ve body ile güncelledi. +* Alternatif dokümantasyonda yaptığımız değişiklikler ile birlikte yeni sorgu parametresi ve gövde bilgisi ile güncelemiş olacak: ![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) ### Özet -Özetleyecek olursak, URL, sorgu veya request body'deki parametrelerini fonksiyon parametresi olarak kullanıyorsun. Bu parametrelerin veri tiplerini bir kere belirtmen yeterli. +Özetlemek gerekirse, parametrelerin, gövdenin, vb. veri tiplerini fonksiyon parametreleri olarak **bir kere** tanımlıyoruz. -Type-hinting işlemini Python dilindeki standart veri tipleri ile yapabilirsin +Bu işlemi standart modern Python tipleriyle yapıyoruz. -Yeni bir syntax'e alışmana gerek yok, metodlar ve classlar zaten spesifik kütüphanelere ait. +Yeni bir sözdizimi yapısını, bir kütüphane özel metod veya sınıfları öğrenmeye gerek yoktur. -Sadece standart **Python 3.6+**. +Hepsi sadece **Python 3.8+** standartlarına dayalıdır. Örnek olarak, `int` tanımlamak için: @@ -343,64 +339,64 @@ Sadece standart **Python 3.6+**. item_id: int ``` -ya da daha kompleks `Item` tipi: +ya da daha kompleks herhangi bir python modelini tanımlayabiliriz, örneğin `Item` modeli için: ```Python item: Item ``` -...sadece kısa bir parametre tipi belirtmekle beraber, sahip olacakların: +...ve sadece kısa bir parametre tipi belirterek elde ettiklerimiz: -* Editör desteği dahil olmak üzere: +* Editör desteğiyle birlikte: * Otomatik tamamlama. - * Tip sorguları. -* Datanın tipe uyumunun sorgulanması: - * Eğer data geçersiz ise, otomatik olarak hataları ayıklar. - * Çok derin JSON objelerinde bile veri tipi sorgusu yapar. -* Gelen verinin dönüşümünü aşağıdaki veri tiplerini kullanarak gerçekleştirebiliyor. + * Tip kontrolü. +* Veri Doğrulama: + * Veri geçerli değilse, otomatik olarak açıklayıcı hatalar gösterir. + * Çok derin JSON nesnelerinde bile doğrulama yapar. +* Gelen verinin dönüşümünü aşağıdaki veri tiplerini kullanarak gerçekleştirir: * JSON. - * Path parametreleri. - * Query parametreleri. - * Cookies. + * Yol parametreleri. + * Sorgu parametreleri. + * Çerezler. * Headers. - * Forms. - * Files. -* Giden verinin dönüşümünü aşağıdaki veri tiplerini kullanarak gerçekleştirebiliyor (JSON olarak): - * Python tiplerinin (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, vs) çevirisi. - * `datetime` objesi. - * `UUID` objesi. + * Formlar. + * Dosyalar. +* Giden verinin dönüşümünü aşağıdaki veri tiplerini kullanarak gerçekleştirir (JSON olarak): + * Python tiplerinin (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, vb) dönüşümü. + * `datetime` nesnesi. + * `UUID` nesnesi. * Veritabanı modelleri. - * ve daha fazlası... -* 2 alternatif kullanıcı arayüzü dahil olmak üzere, otomatik interaktif API dokümanu: + * ve çok daha fazlası... +* 2 alternatif kullanıcı arayüzü dahil olmak üzere, otomatik etkileşimli API dokümantasyonu sağlar: * Swagger UI. * ReDoc. --- -Az önceki kod örneğine geri dönelim, **FastAPI**'ın yapacaklarına bir bakış atalım: +Az önceki örneğe geri dönelim, **FastAPI**'ın yapacaklarına bir bakış atalım: -* `item_id`'nin `GET` ve `PUT` talepleri içinde olup olmadığının doğruluğunu kontol edecek. -* `item_id`'nin tipinin `int` olduğunu `GET` ve `PUT` talepleri içinde olup olmadığının doğruluğunu kontol edecek. - * Eğer `GET` ve `PUT` içinde yok ise ve `int` değil ise, sebebini belirten bir hata mesajı gösterecek -* Opsiyonel bir `q` parametresinin `GET` talebi için (`http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery` içinde) olup olmadığını kontrol edecek +* `item_id`'nin `GET` ve `PUT` istekleri için, yolda olup olmadığının kontol edecek. +* `item_id`'nin `GET` ve `PUT` istekleri için, tipinin `int` olduğunu doğrulayacak. + * Eğer değilse, sebebini belirten bir hata mesajı gösterecek. +* Opsiyonel bir `q` parametresinin `GET` isteği içinde (`http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery` gibi) olup olmadığını kontrol edecek * `q` parametresini `= None` ile oluşturduğumuz için, opsiyonel bir parametre olacak. - * Eğer `None` olmasa zorunlu bir parametre olacak idi (bu yüzden body'de `PUT` parametresi var). -* `PUT` talebi için `/items/{item_id}`'nin body'sini, JSON olarak okuyor: - * `name` adında bir parametetre olup olmadığını ve var ise onun `str` olup olmadığını kontol ediyor. - * `price` adında bir parametetre olup olmadığını ve var ise onun `float` olup olmadığını kontol ediyor. - * `is_offer` adında bir parametetre olup olmadığını ve var ise onun `bool` olup olmadığını kontol ediyor. - * Bunların hepsini en derin JSON modellerinde bile yapacaktır. -* Bütün veri tiplerini otomatik olarak JSON'a çeviriyor veya tam tersi. -* Her şeyi dokümanlayıp, çeşitli yerlerde: - * İnteraktif dokümantasyon sistemleri. - * Otomatik alıcı kodu üretim sistemlerinde ve çeşitli dillerde. -* İki ayrı web arayüzüyle direkt olarak interaktif bir dokümantasyon sunuyor. + * Eğer `None` olmasa zorunlu bir parametre olacaktı (`PUT` metodunun gövdesinde olduğu gibi). +* `PUT` isteği için `/items/{item_id}`'nin gövdesini, JSON olarak doğrulayıp okuyacak: + * `name` adında zorunlu bir parametre olup olmadığını ve varsa tipinin `str` olup olmadığını kontol edecek. + * `price` adında zorunlu bir parametre olup olmadığını ve varsa tipinin `float` olup olmadığını kontol edecek. + * `is_offer` adında opsiyonel bir parametre olup olmadığını ve varsa tipinin `float` olup olmadığını kontol edecek. + * Bunların hepsi en derin JSON nesnelerinde bile çalışacak. +* Verilerin JSON'a ve JSON'ın python nesnesine dönüşümü otomatik olarak yapılacak. +* Her şeyi OpenAPI ile uyumlu bir şekilde otomatik olarak dokümanlayacak ve bunlarda aşağıdaki gibi kullanılabilecek: + * Etkileşimli dokümantasyon sistemleri. + * Bir çok programlama dili için otomatik istemci kodu üretim sistemleri. +* İki ayrı etkileşimli dokümantasyon arayüzünü doğrudan sağlayacak. --- -Henüz yüzeysel bir bakış attık, fakat sen çoktan çalışma mantığını anladın. +Daha yeni başladık ama çalışma mantığını çoktan anlamış oldunuz. -Şimdi aşağıdaki satırı değiştirmeyi dene: +Şimdi aşağıdaki satırı değiştirmeyi deneyin: ```Python return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} @@ -418,58 +414,57 @@ Henüz yüzeysel bir bakış attık, fakat sen çoktan çalışma mantığını ... "item_price": item.price ... ``` -...şimdi editör desteğinin nasıl veri tiplerini bildiğini ve otomatik tamamladığını gör: +...ve editörünün veri tiplerini bildiğini ve otomatik tamamladığını göreceksiniz: ![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) -Daha fazla örnek ve özellik için Tutorial - User Guide sayfasını git. +Daha fazal özellik içeren, daha eksiksiz bir örnek için Öğretici - Kullanıcı Rehberi sayfasını ziyaret edebilirsin. -**Spoiler**: Öğretici - Kullanıcı rehberi şunları içeriyor: +**Spoiler**: Öğretici - Kullanıcı rehberi şunları içerir: -* **Parameterlerini** nasıl **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** ve **files** olarak deklare edebileceğini. -* `maximum_length` ya da `regex` gibi şeylerle nasıl **doğrulama** yapabileceğini. -* Çok güçlü ve kullanımı kolay **Zorunluluk Entegrasyonu** oluşturmayı. -* Güvenlik ve kimlik doğrulama, **JWT tokenleri**'yle beraber **OAuth2** desteği, ve **HTTP Basic** doğrulaması. -* İleri seviye fakat ona göre oldukça basit olan **derince oluşturulmuş JSON modelleri** (Pydantic sayesinde). +* **Parameterlerin**, **headers**, **çerezler**, **form alanları** ve **dosyalar** olarak tanımlanması. +* `maximum_length` ya da `regex` gibi **doğrulama kısıtlamalarının** nasıl yapılabileceği. +* Çok güçlü ve kullanımı kolay **Bağımlılık Enjeksiyonu** sistemi oluşturmayı. +* Güvenlik ve kimlik doğrulama, **JWT tokenleri** ile **OAuth2** desteği, ve **HTTP Basic** doğrulaması. +* İleri seviye fakat bir o kadarda basit olan **çok derin JSON modelleri** (Pydantic sayesinde). +* **GraphQL** entegrasyonu: Strawberry ve diğer kütüphaneleri kullanarak. * Diğer ekstra özellikler (Starlette sayesinde): - * **WebSockets** - * **GraphQL** - * `requests` ve `pytest` sayesinde aşırı kolay testler. + * **WebSocketler** + * HTTPX ve `pytest` sayesinde aşırı kolay testler. * **CORS** * **Cookie Sessions** * ...ve daha fazlası. ## Performans -Bağımsız TechEmpower kıyaslamaları gösteriyor ki, Uvicorn'la beraber çalışan **FastAPI** uygulamaları Python'un en hızlı frameworklerinden birisi , sadece Starlette ve Uvicorn'dan daha yavaş ki FastAPI bunların üzerine kurulu. +Bağımsız TechEmpower kıyaslamaları gösteriyor ki, Uvicorn ile çalıştırılan **FastAPI** uygulamaları en hızlı Python framework'lerinden birisi, sadece Starlette ve Uvicorn'dan yavaş, ki FastAPI bunların üzerine kurulu bir kütüphanedir. -Daha fazla bilgi için, bu bölüme bir göz at Benchmarks. +Daha fazla bilgi için, bu bölüme bir göz at Kıyaslamalar. -## Opsiyonel gereksinimler +## Opsiyonel Gereksinimler Pydantic tarafında kullanılan: -* ujson - daha hızlı JSON "dönüşümü" için. * email_validator - email doğrulaması için. +* pydantic-settings - ayar yönetimi için. +* pydantic-extra-types - Pydantic ile birlikte kullanılabilecek ek tipler için. Starlette tarafında kullanılan: -* requests - Eğer `TestClient` kullanmak istiyorsan gerekli. -* aiofiles - `FileResponse` ya da `StaticFiles` kullanmak istiyorsan gerekli. -* jinja2 - Eğer kendine ait template konfigürasyonu oluşturmak istiyorsan gerekli -* python-multipart - Form kullanmak istiyorsan gerekli ("dönüşümü"). +* httpx - Eğer `TestClient` yapısını kullanacaksanız gereklidir. +* jinja2 - Eğer varsayılan template konfigürasyonunu kullanacaksanız gereklidir. +* python-multipart - Eğer `request.form()` ile form dönüşümü desteğini kullanacaksanız gereklidir. * itsdangerous - `SessionMiddleware` desteği için gerekli. * pyyaml - `SchemaGenerator` desteği için gerekli (Muhtemelen FastAPI kullanırken ihtiyacınız olmaz). -* graphene - `GraphQLApp` desteği için gerekli. -* ujson - `UJSONResponse` kullanmak istiyorsan gerekli. +* ujson - `UJSONResponse` kullanacaksanız gerekli. Hem FastAPI hem de Starlette tarafından kullanılan: -* uvicorn - oluşturduğumuz uygulamayı bir web sunucusuna servis etmek için gerekli -* orjson - `ORJSONResponse` kullanmak istiyor isen gerekli. +* uvicorn - oluşturduğumuz uygulamayı servis edecek web sunucusu görevini üstlenir. +* orjson - `ORJSONResponse` kullanacaksanız gereklidir. Bunların hepsini `pip install fastapi[all]` ile yükleyebilirsin. ## Lisans -Bu proje, MIT lisansı şartlarına göre lisanslanmıştır. +Bu proje, MIT lisansı şartları altında lisanslanmıştır. diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/learn/index.md b/docs/tr/docs/learn/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52e3aa54d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/tr/docs/learn/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# Öğren + +**FastAPI** öğrenmek için giriş bölümleri ve öğreticiler burada yer alıyor. + +Burayı, bir **kitap**, bir **kurs**, ve FastAPI öğrenmenin **resmi** ve önerilen yolu olarak düşünülebilirsiniz. 😎 diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/newsletter.md b/docs/tr/docs/newsletter.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..22ca1b1e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/tr/docs/newsletter.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# FastAPI ve Arkadaşları Bülteni + + + + diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/project-generation.md b/docs/tr/docs/project-generation.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..75e3ae339 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/tr/docs/project-generation.md @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +# Proje oluşturma - Şablonlar + +Başlamak için bir proje oluşturucu kullanabilirsiniz, çünkü sizin için önceden yapılmış birçok başlangıç ​​kurulumu, güvenlik, veritabanı ve temel API endpoinlerini içerir. + +Bir proje oluşturucu, her zaman kendi ihtiyaçlarınıza göre güncellemeniz ve uyarlamanız gereken esnek bir kuruluma sahip olacaktır, ancak bu, projeniz için iyi bir başlangıç ​​noktası olabilir. + +## Full Stack FastAPI PostgreSQL + +GitHub: https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql + +### Full Stack FastAPI PostgreSQL - Özellikler + +* Full **Docker** entegrasyonu (Docker based). +* Docker Swarm Mode ile deployment. +* **Docker Compose** entegrasyonu ve lokal geliştirme için optimizasyon. +* Uvicorn ve Gunicorn ile **Production ready** Python web server'ı. +* Python **FastAPI** backend: + * **Hızlı**: **NodeJS** ve **Go** ile eşit, çok yüksek performans (Starlette ve Pydantic'e teşekkürler). + * **Sezgisel**: Editor desteğı. Otomatik tamamlama. Daha az debugging. + * **Kolay**: Kolay öğrenip kolay kullanmak için tasarlandı. Daha az döküman okuma daha çok iş. + * **Kısa**: Minimum kod tekrarı. Her parametre bildiriminde birden çok özellik. + * **Güçlü**: Production-ready. Otomatik interaktif dökümantasyon. + * **Standartlara dayalı**: API'ler için açık standartlara dayanır (ve tamamen uyumludur): OpenAPI ve JSON Şeması. + * **Birçok diger özelliği** dahili otomatik doğrulama, serialization, interaktif dokümantasyon, OAuth2 JWT token ile authentication, vb. +* **Güvenli şifreleme** . +* **JWT token** kimlik doğrulama. +* **SQLAlchemy** models (Flask dan bağımsızdır. Celery worker'ları ile kullanılabilir). +* Kullanıcılar için temel başlangıç ​​modeli (gerektiği gibi değiştirin ve kaldırın). +* **Alembic** migration. +* **CORS** (Cross Origin Resource Sharing). +* **Celery** worker'ları ile backend içerisinden seçilen işleri çalıştırabilirsiniz. +* **Pytest**'e dayalı, Docker ile entegre REST backend testleri ile veritabanından bağımsız olarak tam API etkileşimini test edebilirsiniz. Docker'da çalıştığı için her seferinde sıfırdan yeni bir veri deposu oluşturabilir (böylece ElasticSearch, MongoDB, CouchDB veya ne istersen kullanabilirsin ve sadece API'nin çalışıp çalışmadığını test edebilirsin). +* Atom Hydrogen veya Visual Studio Code Jupyter gibi uzantılarla uzaktan veya Docker içi geliştirme için **Jupyter Çekirdekleri** ile kolay Python entegrasyonu. +* **Vue** ile frontend: + * Vue CLI ile oluşturulmuş. + * Dahili **JWT kimlik doğrulama**. + * Dahili Login. + * Login sonrası, Kontrol paneli. + * Kullanıcı oluşturma ve düzenleme kontrol paneli + * Kendi kendine kullanıcı sürümü. + * **Vuex**. + * **Vue-router**. + * **Vuetify** güzel material design kompanentleri için. + * **TypeScript**. + * **Nginx** tabanlı Docker sunucusu (Vue-router için yapılandırılmış). + * Docker ile multi-stage yapı, böylece kodu derlemeniz, kaydetmeniz veya işlemeniz gerekmez. + * Derleme zamanında Frontend testi (devre dışı bırakılabilir). + * Mümkün olduğu kadar modüler yapılmıştır, bu nedenle kutudan çıktığı gibi çalışır, ancak Vue CLI ile yeniden oluşturabilir veya ihtiyaç duyduğunuz şekilde oluşturabilir ve istediğinizi yeniden kullanabilirsiniz. +* **PGAdmin** PostgreSQL database admin tool'u, PHPMyAdmin ve MySQL ile kolayca değiştirilebilir. +* **Flower** ile Celery job'larını monitörleme. +* **Traefik** ile backend ve frontend arasında yük dengeleme, böylece her ikisini de aynı domain altında, path ile ayrılmış, ancak farklı kapsayıcılar tarafından sunulabilirsiniz. +* Let's Encrypt **HTTPS** sertifikalarının otomatik oluşturulması dahil olmak üzere Traefik entegrasyonu. +* GitLab **CI** (sürekli entegrasyon), backend ve frontend testi dahil. + +## Full Stack FastAPI Couchbase + +GitHub: https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-couchbase + +⚠️ **UYARI** ⚠️ + +Sıfırdan bir projeye başlıyorsanız alternatiflerine bakın. + +Örneğin, Full Stack FastAPI PostgreSQL daha iyi bir alternatif olabilir, aktif olarak geliştiriliyor ve kullanılıyor. Ve yeni özellik ve ilerlemelere sahip. + +İsterseniz Couchbase tabanlı generator'ı kullanmakta özgürsünüz, hala iyi çalışıyor olmalı ve onunla oluşturulmuş bir projeniz varsa bu da sorun değil (ve muhtemelen zaten ihtiyaçlarınıza göre güncellediniz). + +Bununla ilgili daha fazla bilgiyi repo belgelerinde okuyabilirsiniz. + +## Full Stack FastAPI MongoDB + +... müsaitliğime ve diğer faktörlere bağlı olarak daha sonra gelebilir. 😅 🎉 + +## Machine Learning modelleri, spaCy ve FastAPI + +GitHub: https://github.com/microsoft/cookiecutter-spacy-fastapi + +### Machine Learning modelleri, spaCy ve FastAPI - Features + +* **spaCy** NER model entegrasyonu. +* **Azure Cognitive Search** yerleşik istek biçimi. +* Uvicorn ve Gunicorn ile **Production ready** Python web server'ı. +* Dahili **Azure DevOps** Kubernetes (AKS) CI/CD deployment. +* **Multilingual**, Proje kurulumu sırasında spaCy'nin yerleşik dillerinden birini kolayca seçin. +* **Esnetilebilir** diğer frameworkler (Pytorch, Tensorflow) ile de çalışır sadece spaCy değil. diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/python-types.md b/docs/tr/docs/python-types.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3b9ab9050 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/tr/docs/python-types.md @@ -0,0 +1,314 @@ +# Python Veri Tiplerine Giriş + +Python isteğe bağlı olarak "tip belirteçlerini" destekler. + + **"Tip belirteçleri"** bir değişkenin tipinin belirtilmesine olanak sağlayan özel bir sözdizimidir. + +Değişkenlerin tiplerini belirterek editör ve araçlardan daha fazla destek alabilirsiniz. + +Bu pythonda tip belirteçleri için **hızlı bir başlangıç / bilgi tazeleme** rehberidir . Bu rehber **FastAPI** kullanmak için gereken minimum konuyu kapsar ki bu da çok az bir miktardır. + +**FastAPI' nin** tamamı bu tür tip belirteçleri ile donatılmıştır ve birçok avantaj sağlamaktadır. + +**FastAPI** kullanmayacak olsanız bile tür belirteçleri hakkında bilgi edinmenizde fayda var. + +!!! not + Python uzmanıysanız ve tip belirteçleri ilgili her şeyi zaten biliyorsanız, sonraki bölüme geçin. + +## Motivasyon + +Basit bir örnek ile başlayalım: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Programın çıktısı: + +``` +John Doe +``` + +Fonksiyon sırayla şunları yapar: + +* `first_name` ve `last_name` değerlerini alır. +* `title()` ile değişkenlerin ilk karakterlerini büyütür. +* Değişkenleri aralarında bir boşlukla beraber Birleştirir. + +```Python hl_lines="2" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### Düzenle + +Bu çok basit bir program. + +Ama şimdi sıfırdan yazdığınızı hayal edin. + +Bir noktada fonksiyonun tanımına başlayacaktınız, parametreleri hazır hale getirdiniz... + +Ama sonra "ilk harfi büyük harfe dönüştüren yöntemi" çağırmanız gerekir. + + `upper` mıydı ? Yoksa `uppercase`' mi? `first_uppercase`? `capitalize`? + +Ardından, programcıların en iyi arkadaşı olan otomatik tamamlama ile denediniz. + +'first_name', ardından bir nokta ('.') yazıp otomatik tamamlamayı tetiklemek için 'Ctrl+Space' tuşlarına bastınız. + +Ancak, ne yazık ki, yararlı hiçbir şey elde edemediniz: + + + +### Tipleri ekle + +Önceki sürümden sadece bir satırı değiştirelim. + +Tam olarak bu parçayı, işlevin parametrelerini değiştireceğiz: + +```Python + first_name, last_name +``` + +ve bu hale getireceğiz: + +```Python + first_name: str, last_name: str +``` + +Bu kadar. + +İşte bunlar "tip belirteçleri": + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +Bu, aşağıdaki gibi varsayılan değerleri bildirmekle aynı şey değildir: + +```Python + first_name="john", last_name="doe" +``` + +Bu tamamen farklı birşey + +İki nokta üst üste (`:`) kullanıyoruz , eşittir (`=`) değil. + +Normalde tip belirteçleri eklemek, kod üzerinde olacakları değiştirmez. + +Şimdi programı sıfırdan birdaha yazdığınızı hayal edin. + +Aynı noktada, `Ctrl+Space` ile otomatik tamamlamayı tetiklediniz ve şunu görüyorsunuz: + + + +Aradığınızı bulana kadar seçenekleri kaydırabilirsiniz: + + + +## Daha fazla motivasyon + +Bu fonksiyon, zaten tür belirteçlerine sahip: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +Editör değişkenlerin tiplerini bildiğinden, yalnızca otomatik tamamlama değil, hata kontrolleri de sağlar: + + + +Artık `age` değişkenini `str(age)` olarak kullanmanız gerektiğini biliyorsunuz: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +## Tip bildirme + +Az önce tip belirteçlerinin en çok kullanıldığı yeri gördünüz. + + **FastAPI**ile çalışırken tip belirteçlerini en çok kullanacağımız yer yine fonksiyonlardır. + +### Basit tipler + +Yalnızca `str` değil, tüm standart Python tiplerinin bildirebilirsiniz. + +Örneğin şunları kullanabilirsiniz: + +* `int` +* `float` +* `bool` +* `bytes` + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +### Tip parametreleri ile Generic tipler + +"dict", "list", "set" ve "tuple" gibi diğer değerleri içerebilen bazı veri yapıları vardır. Ve dahili değerlerinin de tip belirtecleri olabilir. + +Bu tipleri ve dahili tpileri bildirmek için standart Python modülünü "typing" kullanabilirsiniz. + +Bu tür tip belirteçlerini desteklemek için özel olarak mevcuttur. + +#### `List` + +Örneğin `str` değerlerden oluşan bir `list` tanımlayalım. + +From `typing`, import `List` (büyük harf olan `L` ile): + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +Değişkenin tipini yine iki nokta üstüste (`:`) ile belirleyin. + +tip olarak `List` kullanın. + +Liste, bazı dahili tipleri içeren bir tür olduğundan, bunları köşeli parantez içine alırsınız: + +```Python hl_lines="4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +!!! ipucu + Köşeli parantez içindeki bu dahili tiplere "tip parametreleri" denir. + + Bu durumda `str`, `List`e iletilen tür parametresidir. + +Bunun anlamı şudur: "`items` değişkeni bir `list`tir ve bu listedeki öğelerin her biri bir `str`dir". + +Bunu yaparak, düzenleyicinizin listedeki öğeleri işlerken bile destek sağlamasını sağlayabilirsiniz: + + + +Tip belirteçleri olmadan, bunu başarmak neredeyse imkansızdır. + +`item` değişkeninin `items` listesindeki öğelerden biri olduğuna dikkat edin. + +Ve yine, editör bunun bir `str` ​​olduğunu biliyor ve bunun için destek sağlıyor. + +#### `Tuple` ve `Set` + +`Tuple` ve `set`lerin tiplerini bildirmek için de aynısını yapıyoruz: + +```Python hl_lines="1 4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +Bu şu anlama geliyor: + +* `items_t` değişkeni sırasıyla `int`, `int`, ve `str` tiplerinden oluşan bir `tuple` türündedir . +* `items_s` ise her öğesi `bytes` türünde olan bir `set` örneğidir. + +#### `Dict` + +Bir `dict` tanımlamak için virgülle ayrılmış iki parametre verebilirsiniz. + +İlk tip parametresi `dict` değerinin `key` değeri içindir. + +İkinci parametre ise `dict` değerinin `value` değeri içindir: + +```Python hl_lines="1 4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008.py!} +``` + +Bu şu anlama gelir: + +* `prices` değişkeni `dict` tipindedir: + * `dict` değişkeninin `key` değeri `str` tipindedir (herbir item'ın "name" değeri). + * `dict` değişkeninin `value` değeri `float` tipindedir (lherbir item'ın "price" değeri). + +#### `Optional` + +`Optional` bir değişkenin `str`gibi bir tipi olabileceğini ama isteğe bağlı olarak tipinin `None` olabileceğini belirtir: + +```Python hl_lines="1 4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!} +``` + +`str` yerine `Optional[str]` kullanmak editorün bu değerin her zaman `str` tipinde değil bazen `None` tipinde de olabileceğini belirtir ve hataları tespit etmemizde yardımcı olur. + +#### Generic tipler + +Köşeli parantez içinde tip parametreleri alan bu türler, örneğin: + +* `List` +* `Tuple` +* `Set` +* `Dict` +* `Optional` +* ...and others. + +**Generic types** yada **Generics** olarak adlandırılır. + +### Tip olarak Sınıflar + +Bir değişkenin tipini bir sınıf ile bildirebilirsiniz. + +Diyelim ki `name` değerine sahip `Person` sınıfınız var: + +```Python hl_lines="1-3" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial010.py!} +``` + +Sonra bir değişkeni 'Person' tipinde tanımlayabilirsiniz: + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial010.py!} +``` + +Ve yine bütün editör desteğini alırsınız: + + + +## Pydantic modelleri + +Pydantic veri doğrulaması yapmak için bir Python kütüphanesidir. + +Verilerin "biçimini" niteliklere sahip sınıflar olarak düzenlersiniz. + +Ve her niteliğin bir türü vardır. + +Sınıfın bazı değerlerle bir örneğini oluşturursunuz ve değerleri doğrular, bunları uygun türe dönüştürür ve size tüm verileri içeren bir nesne verir. + +Ve ortaya çıkan nesne üzerindeki bütün editör desteğini alırsınız. + +Resmi Pydantic dokümanlarından alınmıştır: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011.py!} +``` + +!!! info + Daha fazla şey öğrenmek için Pydantic'i takip edin. + +**FastAPI** tamamen Pydantic'e dayanmaktadır. + +Daha fazlasini görmek için [Tutorial - User Guide](tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## **FastAPI** tip belirteçleri + +**FastAPI** birkaç şey yapmak için bu tür tip belirteçlerinden faydalanır. + +**FastAPI** ile parametre tiplerini bildirirsiniz ve şunları elde edersiniz: + +* **Editor desteği**. +* **Tip kontrolü**. + +...ve **FastAPI** aynı belirteçleri şunlar için de kullanıyor: + +* **Gereksinimleri tanımlama**: request path parameters, query parameters, headers, bodies, dependencies, ve benzeri gereksinimlerden +* **Verileri çevirme**: Gönderilen veri tipinden istenilen veri tipine çevirme. +* **Verileri doğrulama**: Her gönderilen verinin: + * doğrulanması ve geçersiz olduğunda **otomatik hata** oluşturma. +* OpenAPI kullanarak apinizi **Belgeleyin** : + * bu daha sonra otomatik etkileşimli dokümantasyon kullanıcı arayüzü tarafından kullanılır. + +Bütün bunlar kulağa soyut gelebilir. Merak etme. Tüm bunları çalışırken göreceksiniz. [Tutorial - User Guide](tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Önemli olan, standart Python türlerini tek bir yerde kullanarak (daha fazla sınıf, dekoratör vb. eklemek yerine), **FastAPI**'nin bizim için işi yapmasını sağlamak. + +!!! info + Tüm öğreticiyi zaten okuduysanız ve türler hakkında daha fazla bilgi için geri döndüyseniz, iyi bir kaynak: the "cheat sheet" from `mypy`. diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/resources/index.md b/docs/tr/docs/resources/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fc71a9ca1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/tr/docs/resources/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +# Kaynaklar + +Ek kaynaklar, dış bağlantılar, makaleler ve daha fazlası. ✈️ diff --git a/docs/tr/docs/tutorial/first_steps.md b/docs/tr/docs/tutorial/first_steps.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b39802f5d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/tr/docs/tutorial/first_steps.md @@ -0,0 +1,336 @@ +# İlk Adımlar + +En basit FastAPI dosyası şu şekildedir: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Bunu bir `main.py` dosyasına kopyalayın. + +Projeyi çalıştırın: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +!!! note + `uvicorn main:app` komutu şunu ifade eder: + + * `main`: `main.py` dosyası (the Python "module"). + * `app`: `main.py` dosyası içerisinde `app = FastAPI()` satırıyla oluşturulan nesne. + * `--reload`: Kod değişikliği sonrasında sunucunun yeniden başlatılmasını sağlar. Yalnızca geliştirme için kullanın. + +Çıktıda şu şekilde bir satır vardır: + +```hl_lines="4" +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +Bu satır, yerel makinenizde uygulamanızın sunulduğu URL'yi gösterir. + +### Kontrol Et + +Tarayıcınızda http://127.0.0.1:8000 adresini açın. + +Bir JSON yanıtı göreceksiniz: + +```JSON +{"message": "Hello World"} +``` + +### İnteraktif API dokümantasyonu + +http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs adresine gidin. + +Otomatik oluşturulmuş( Swagger UI tarafından sağlanan) interaktif bir API dokümanı göreceksiniz: + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +### Alternatif API dokümantasyonu + +Şimdi, http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc adresine gidin. + +Otomatik oluşturulmuş(ReDoc tarafından sağlanan) bir API dokümanı göreceksiniz: + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +### OpenAPI + +**FastAPI**, **OpenAPI** standardını kullanarak tüm API'lerinizi açıklayan bir "şema" oluşturur. + +#### "Şema" + +Bir "şema", bir şeyin tanımı veya açıklamasıdır. Soyut bir açıklamadır, uygulayan kod değildir. + +#### API "şemaları" + +Bu durumda, OpenAPI, API şemasını nasıl tanımlayacağınızı belirten şartnamelerdir. + +Bu şema tanımı, API yollarınızı, aldıkları olası parametreleri vb. içerir. + +#### Data "şema" + +"Şema" terimi, JSON içeriği gibi bazı verilerin şeklini de ifade edebilir. + +Bu durumda, JSON öznitelikleri ve sahip oldukları veri türleri vb. anlamına gelir. + +#### OpenAPI and JSON Şema + +OpenAPI, API'niz için bir API şeması tanımlar. Ve bu şema, JSON veri şemaları standardı olan **JSON Şema** kullanılarak API'niz tarafından gönderilen ve alınan verilerin tanımlarını (veya "şemalarını") içerir. + +#### `openapi.json` kontrol et + +OpenAPI şemasının nasıl göründüğünü merak ediyorsanız, FastAPI otomatik olarak tüm API'nizin açıklamalarını içeren bir JSON (şema) oluşturur. + +Doğrudan şu adreste görebilirsiniz: http://127.0.0.1:8000/openapi.json. + +Aşağıdaki gibi bir şeyle başlayan bir JSON gösterecektir: + +```JSON +{ + "openapi": "3.0.2", + "info": { + "title": "FastAPI", + "version": "0.1.0" + }, + "paths": { + "/items/": { + "get": { + "responses": { + "200": { + "description": "Successful Response", + "content": { + "application/json": { + + + +... +``` + +#### OpenAPI ne içindir? + +OpenAPI şeması, dahili olarak bulunan iki etkileşimli dokümantasyon sistemine güç veren şeydir. + +Ve tamamen OpenAPI'ye dayalı düzinelerce alternatif vardır. **FastAPI** ile oluşturulmuş uygulamanıza bu alternatiflerden herhangi birini kolayca ekleyebilirsiniz. + +API'nizle iletişim kuran istemciler için otomatik olarak kod oluşturmak için de kullanabilirsiniz. Örneğin, frontend, mobil veya IoT uygulamaları. + +## Adım adım özet + +### Adım 1: `FastAPI`yi içe aktarın + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`FastAPI`, API'niz için tüm fonksiyonları sağlayan bir Python sınıfıdır. + +!!! note "Teknik Detaylar" + `FastAPI` doğrudan `Starlette` kalıtım alan bir sınıftır. + + Tüm Starlette fonksiyonlarını `FastAPI` ile de kullanabilirsiniz. + +### Adım 2: Bir `FastAPI` örneği oluşturun + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Burada `app` değişkeni `FastAPI` sınıfının bir örneği olacaktır. + +Bu tüm API'yi oluşturmak için ana etkileşim noktası olacaktır. + +`uvicorn` komutunda atıfta bulunulan `app` ile aynıdır. + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +Uygulamanızı aşağıdaki gibi oluşturursanız: + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +Ve bunu `main.py` dosyasına koyduktan sonra `uvicorn` komutunu şu şekilde çağırabilirsiniz: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:my_awesome_api --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +### Adım 3: *Path işlemleri* oluşturmak + +#### Path + +Burada "Path" URL'de ilk "\" ile başlayan son bölümü ifade eder. + +Yani, şu şekilde bir URL'de: + +``` +https://example.com/items/foo +``` + +... path şöyle olabilir: + +``` +/items/foo +``` + +!!! info + Genellikle bir "path", "endpoint" veya "route" olarak adlandırılabilir. + +Bir API oluştururken, "path", "resource" ile "concern" ayırmanın ana yoludur. + +#### İşlemler + +Burada "işlem" HTTP methodlarından birini ifade eder. + +Onlardan biri: + +* `POST` +* `GET` +* `PUT` +* `DELETE` + +... ve daha egzotik olanları: + +* `OPTIONS` +* `HEAD` +* `PATCH` +* `TRACE` + +HTTP protokolünde, bu "methodlardan" birini (veya daha fazlasını) kullanarak her path ile iletişim kurabilirsiniz. + +--- + +API'lerinizi oluştururkan, belirli bir işlemi gerçekleştirirken belirli HTTP methodlarını kullanırsınız. + +Normalde kullanılan: + +* `POST`: veri oluşturmak. +* `GET`: veri okumak. +* `PUT`: veriyi güncellemek. +* `DELETE`: veriyi silmek. + +Bu nedenle, OpenAPI'de HTTP methodlarından her birine "işlem" denir. + +Bizde onlara "**işlemler**" diyeceğiz. + +#### Bir *Path işlem decoratorleri* tanımlanmak + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`@app.get("/")` **FastAPI'ye** aşağıdaki fonksiyonun adresine giden istekleri işlemekten sorumlu olduğunu söyler: + +* path `/` +* get işlemi kullanılarak + + +!!! info "`@decorator` Bilgisi" + Python `@something` şeklinde ifadeleri "decorator" olarak adlandırır. + + Decoratoru bir fonksiyonun üzerine koyarsınız. Dekoratif bir şapka gibi (Sanırım terim buradan gelmektedir). + + Bir "decorator" fonksiyonu alır ve bazı işlemler gerçekleştir. + + Bizim durumumzda decarator **FastAPI'ye** fonksiyonun bir `get` işlemi ile `/` pathine geldiğini söyler. + + Bu **path işlem decoratordür** + +Ayrıca diğer işlemleri de kullanabilirsiniz: + +* `@app.post()` +* `@app.put()` +* `@app.delete()` + +Ve daha egzotik olanları: + +* `@app.options()` +* `@app.head()` +* `@app.patch()` +* `@app.trace()` + +!!! tip + Her işlemi (HTTP method) istediğiniz gibi kullanmakta özgürsünüz. + + **FastAPI** herhangi bir özel anlamı zorlamaz. + + Buradaki bilgiler bir gereklilik değil, bir kılavuz olarak sunulmaktadır. + + Örneğin, GraphQL kullanırkan normalde tüm işlemleri yalnızca `POST` işlemini kullanarak gerçekleştirirsiniz. + +### Adım 4: **path işlem fonksiyonunu** tanımlayın + +Aşağıdakiler bizim **path işlem fonksiyonlarımızdır**: + +* **path**: `/` +* **işlem**: `get` +* **function**: "decorator"ün altındaki fonksiyondur (`@app.get("/")` altında). + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Bu bir Python fonksiyonudur. + +Bir `GET` işlemi kullanarak "`/`" URL'sine bir istek geldiğinde **FastAPI** tarafından çağrılır. + +Bu durumda bir `async` fonksiyonudur. + +--- + +Bunu `async def` yerine normal bir fonksiyon olarakta tanımlayabilirsiniz. + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +!!! note + + Eğer farkı bilmiyorsanız, [Async: *"Acelesi var?"*](../async.md#in-a-hurry){.internal-link target=_blank} kontrol edebilirsiniz. + +### Adım 5: İçeriği geri döndürün + + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Bir `dict`, `list` döndürebilir veya `str`, `int` gibi tekil değerler döndürebilirsiniz. + +Ayrıca, Pydantic modellerini de döndürebilirsiniz. (Bununla ilgili daha sonra ayrıntılı bilgi göreceksiniz.) + +Otomatik olarak JSON'a dönüştürülecek(ORM'ler vb. dahil) başka birçok nesne ve model vardır. En beğendiklerinizi kullanmayı deneyin, yüksek ihtimalle destekleniyordur. + +## Özet + +* `FastAPI`'yi içe aktarın. +* Bir `app` örneği oluşturun. +* **path işlem decorator** yazın. (`@app.get("/")` gibi) +* **path işlem fonksiyonu** yazın. (`def root(): ...` gibi) +* Development sunucunuzu çalıştırın. (`uvicorn main:app --reload` gibi) diff --git a/docs/tr/mkdocs.yml b/docs/tr/mkdocs.yml index 6fe2b0b62..de18856f4 100644 --- a/docs/tr/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/tr/mkdocs.yml @@ -1,130 +1 @@ -site_name: FastAPI -site_description: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production -site_url: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tr/ -theme: - name: material - custom_dir: overrides - palette: - - scheme: default - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb - name: Switch to light mode - - scheme: slate - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb-outline - name: Switch to dark mode - features: - - search.suggest - - search.highlight - - content.tabs.link - icon: - repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - logo: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/icon-white.svg - favicon: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png - language: tr -repo_name: tiangolo/fastapi -repo_url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi -edit_uri: '' -google_analytics: -- UA-133183413-1 -- auto -plugins: -- search -- markdownextradata: - data: data -nav: -- FastAPI: index.md -- Languages: - - en: / - - az: /az/ - - de: /de/ - - es: /es/ - - fr: /fr/ - - id: /id/ - - it: /it/ - - ja: /ja/ - - ko: /ko/ - - pl: /pl/ - - pt: /pt/ - - ru: /ru/ - - sq: /sq/ - - tr: /tr/ - - uk: /uk/ - - zh: /zh/ -- features.md -- fastapi-people.md -markdown_extensions: -- toc: - permalink: true -- markdown.extensions.codehilite: - guess_lang: false -- mdx_include: - base_path: docs -- admonition -- codehilite -- extra -- pymdownx.superfences: - custom_fences: - - name: mermaid - class: mermaid - format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' -- pymdownx.tabbed -extra: - social: - - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/discord - link: https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf - - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter - link: https://twitter.com/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin - link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/dev - link: https://dev.to/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/medium - link: https://medium.com/@tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/solid/globe - link: https://tiangolo.com - alternate: - - link: / - name: en - English - - link: /az/ - name: az - - link: /de/ - name: de - - link: /es/ - name: es - español - - link: /fr/ - name: fr - français - - link: /id/ - name: id - - link: /it/ - name: it - italiano - - link: /ja/ - name: ja - 日本語 - - link: /ko/ - name: ko - 한국어 - - link: /pl/ - name: pl - - link: /pt/ - name: pt - português - - link: /ru/ - name: ru - русский язык - - link: /sq/ - name: sq - shqip - - link: /tr/ - name: tr - Türkçe - - link: /uk/ - name: uk - українська мова - - link: /zh/ - name: zh - 汉语 -extra_css: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/termynal.css -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/custom.css -extra_javascript: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/termynal.js -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/custom.js +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/uk/docs/alternatives.md b/docs/uk/docs/alternatives.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e71257976 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/uk/docs/alternatives.md @@ -0,0 +1,412 @@ +# Альтернативи, натхнення та порівняння + +Що надихнуло на створення **FastAPI**, який він у порінянні з іншими альтернативами та чого він у них навчився. + +## Вступ + +**FastAPI** не існувало б, якби не попередні роботи інших. + +Раніше було створено багато інструментів, які надихнули на його створення. + +Я кілька років уникав створення нового фреймворку. Спочатку я спробував вирішити всі функції, охоплені **FastAPI**, використовуючи багато різних фреймворків, плагінів та інструментів. + +Але в якийсь момент не було іншого виходу, окрім створення чогось, що надавало б усі ці функції, взявши найкращі ідеї з попередніх інструментів і поєднавши їх найкращим чином, використовуючи мовні функції, які навіть не були доступні раніше (Python 3.6+ підказки типів). + +## Попередні інструменти + +### Django + +Це найпопулярніший фреймворк Python, який користується широкою довірою. Він використовується для створення таких систем, як Instagram. + +Він відносно тісно пов’язаний з реляційними базами даних (наприклад, MySQL або PostgreSQL), тому мати базу даних NoSQL (наприклад, Couchbase, MongoDB, Cassandra тощо) як основний механізм зберігання не дуже просто. + +Він був створений для створення HTML у серверній частині, а не для створення API, які використовуються сучасним інтерфейсом (як-от React, Vue.js і Angular) або іншими системами (як-от IoT пристрої), які спілкуються з ним. + +### Django REST Framework + +Фреймворк Django REST був створений як гнучкий інструментарій для створення веб-інтерфейсів API використовуючи Django в основі, щоб покращити його можливості API. + +Його використовують багато компаній, включаючи Mozilla, Red Hat і Eventbrite. + +Це був один із перших прикладів **автоматичної документації API**, і саме це була одна з перших ідей, яка надихнула на «пошук» **FastAPI**. + +!!! Примітка + Django REST Framework створив Том Крісті. Той самий творець Starlette і Uvicorn, на яких базується **FastAPI**. + + +!!! Перегляньте "Надихнуло **FastAPI** на" + Мати автоматичний веб-інтерфейс документації API. + +### Flask + +Flask — це «мікрофреймворк», він не включає інтеграцію бази даних, а також багато речей, які за замовчуванням є в Django. + +Ця простота та гнучкість дозволяють використовувати бази даних NoSQL як основну систему зберігання даних. + +Оскільки він дуже простий, він порівняно легкий та інтуїтивний для освоєння, хоча в деяких моментах документація стає дещо технічною. + +Він також зазвичай використовується для інших програм, яким не обов’язково потрібна база даних, керування користувачами або будь-яка з багатьох функцій, які є попередньо вбудованими в Django. Хоча багато з цих функцій можна додати за допомогою плагінів. + +Відокремлення частин було ключовою особливістю, яку я хотів зберегти, при цьому залишаючись «мікрофреймворком», який можна розширити, щоб охопити саме те, що потрібно. + +Враховуючи простоту Flask, він здавався хорошим підходом для створення API. Наступним, що знайшов, був «Django REST Framework» для Flask. + +!!! Переглянте "Надихнуло **FastAPI** на" + Бути мікрофреймоворком. Зробити легким комбінування та поєднання необхідних інструментів та частин. + + Мати просту та легку у використанні систему маршрутизації. + + +### Requests + +**FastAPI** насправді не є альтернативою **Requests**. Сфера їх застосування дуже різна. + +Насправді цілком звична річ використовувати Requests *всередині* програми FastAPI. + +Але все ж FastAPI черпав натхнення з Requests. + +**Requests** — це бібліотека для *взаємодії* з API (як клієнт), а **FastAPI** — це бібліотека для *створення* API (як сервер). + +Вони більш-менш знаходяться на протилежних кінцях, доповнюючи одна одну. + +Requests мають дуже простий та інтуїтивно зрозумілий дизайн, дуже простий у використанні, з розумними параметрами за замовчуванням. Але в той же час він дуже потужний і налаштовується. + +Ось чому, як сказано на офіційному сайті: + +> Requests є одним із найбільш завантажуваних пакетів Python усіх часів + +Використовувати його дуже просто. Наприклад, щоб виконати запит `GET`, ви повинні написати: + +```Python +response = requests.get("http://example.com/some/url") +``` + +Відповідна операція *роуту* API FastAPI може виглядати так: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +@app.get("/some/url") +def read_url(): + return {"message": "Hello World"} +``` + +Зверніть увагу на схожість у `requests.get(...)` і `@app.get(...)`. + +!!! Перегляньте "Надихнуло **FastAPI** на" + * Майте простий та інтуїтивно зрозумілий API. + * Використовуйте імена (операції) методів HTTP безпосередньо, простим та інтуїтивно зрозумілим способом. + * Розумні параметри за замовчуванням, але потужні налаштування. + + +### Swagger / OpenAPI + +Головною функцією, яку я хотів від Django REST Framework, була автоматична API документація. + +Потім я виявив, що існує стандарт для документування API з використанням JSON (або YAML, розширення JSON) під назвою Swagger. + +І вже був створений веб-інтерфейс користувача для Swagger API. Отже, можливість генерувати документацію Swagger для API дозволить використовувати цей веб-інтерфейс автоматично. + +У якийсь момент Swagger було передано Linux Foundation, щоб перейменувати його на OpenAPI. + +Тому, коли говорять про версію 2.0, прийнято говорити «Swagger», а про версію 3+ «OpenAPI». + +!!! Перегляньте "Надихнуло **FastAPI** на" + Прийняти і використовувати відкритий стандарт для специфікацій API замість спеціальної схеми. + + Інтегрувати інструменти інтерфейсу на основі стандартів: + + * Інтерфейс Swagger + * ReDoc + + Ці два було обрано через те, що вони досить популярні та стабільні, але, виконавши швидкий пошук, ви можете знайти десятки додаткових альтернативних інтерфейсів для OpenAPI (які можна використовувати з **FastAPI**). + +### Фреймворки REST для Flask + +Існує кілька фреймворків Flask REST, але, витративши час і роботу на їх дослідження, я виявив, що багато з них припинено або залишено, з кількома постійними проблемами, які зробили їх непридатними. + +### Marshmallow + +Однією з головних функцій, необхідних для систем API, є "серіалізація", яка бере дані з коду (Python) і перетворює їх на щось, що можна надіслати через мережу. Наприклад, перетворення об’єкта, що містить дані з бази даних, на об’єкт JSON. Перетворення об’єктів `datetime` на строки тощо. + +Іншою важливою функцією, необхідною для API, є перевірка даних, яка забезпечує дійсність даних за певними параметрами. Наприклад, що деяке поле є `int`, а не деяка випадкова строка. Це особливо корисно для вхідних даних. + +Без системи перевірки даних вам довелося б виконувати всі перевірки вручну, у коді. + +Marshmallow створено для забезпечення цих функцій. Це чудова бібліотека, і я часто нею користувався раніше. + +Але він був створений до того, як існували підказки типу Python. Отже, щоб визначити кожну схему, вам потрібно використовувати спеціальні утиліти та класи, надані Marshmallow. + +!!! Перегляньте "Надихнуло **FastAPI** на" + Використовувати код для автоматичного визначення "схем", які надають типи даних і перевірку. + +### Webargs + +Іншою важливою функцією, необхідною для API, є аналіз даних із вхідних запитів. + +Webargs — це інструмент, створений, щоб забезпечити це поверх кількох фреймворків, включаючи Flask. + +Він використовує Marshmallow в основі для перевірки даних. І створений тими ж розробниками. + +Це чудовий інструмент, і я також часто використовував його, перш ніж створити **FastAPI**. + +!!! Інформація + Webargs був створений тими ж розробниками Marshmallow. + +!!! Перегляньте "Надихнуло **FastAPI** на" + Мати автоматичну перевірку даних вхідного запиту. + +### APISpec + +Marshmallow і Webargs забезпечують перевірку, аналіз і серіалізацію як плагіни. + +Але документація досі відсутня. Потім було створено APISpec. + +Це плагін для багатьох фреймворків (також є плагін для Starlette). + +Принцип роботи полягає в тому, що ви пишете визначення схеми, використовуючи формат YAML, у docstring кожної функції, що обробляє маршрут. + +І він генерує схеми OpenAPI. + +Так це працює у Flask, Starlette, Responder тощо. + +Але потім ми знову маємо проблему наявності мікросинтаксису всередині Python строки (великий YAML). + +Редактор тут нічим не може допомогти. І якщо ми змінимо параметри чи схеми Marshmallow і забудемо також змінити цю строку документа YAML, згенерована схема буде застарілою. + +!!! Інформація + APISpec був створений тими ж розробниками Marshmallow. + + +!!! Перегляньте "Надихнуло **FastAPI** на" + Підтримувати відкритий стандарт API, OpenAPI. + +### Flask-apispec + +Це плагін Flask, який об’єднує Webargs, Marshmallow і APISpec. + +Він використовує інформацію з Webargs і Marshmallow для автоматичного створення схем OpenAPI за допомогою APISpec. + +Це чудовий інструмент, дуже недооцінений. Він має бути набагато популярнішим, ніж багато плагінів Flask. Це може бути пов’язано з тим, що його документація надто стисла й абстрактна. + +Це вирішило необхідність писати YAML (інший синтаксис) всередині рядків документів Python. + +Ця комбінація Flask, Flask-apispec із Marshmallow і Webargs була моїм улюбленим бекенд-стеком до створення **FastAPI**. + +Їі використання призвело до створення кількох генераторів повного стека Flask. Це основний стек, який я (та кілька зовнішніх команд) використовував досі: + +* https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack +* https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchbase +* https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-flask-couchdb + +І ці самі генератори повного стеку були основою [**FastAPI** генераторів проектів](project-generation.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +!!! Інформація + Flask-apispec був створений тими ж розробниками Marshmallow. + +!!! Перегляньте "Надихнуло **FastAPI** на" + Створення схеми OpenAPI автоматично з того самого коду, який визначає серіалізацію та перевірку. + +### NestJS (та Angular) + +Це навіть не Python, NestJS — це фреймворк NodeJS JavaScript (TypeScript), натхненний Angular. + +Це досягає чогось подібного до того, що можна зробити з Flask-apispec. + +Він має інтегровану систему впровадження залежностей, натхненну Angular two. Він потребує попередньої реєстрації «injectables» (як і всі інші системи впровадження залежностей, які я знаю), тому це збільшує багатослівність та повторення коду. + +Оскільки параметри описані за допомогою типів TypeScript (подібно до підказок типу Python), підтримка редактора досить хороша. + +Але оскільки дані TypeScript не зберігаються після компіляції в JavaScript, вони не можуть покладатися на типи для визначення перевірки, серіалізації та документації одночасно. Через це та деякі дизайнерські рішення, щоб отримати перевірку, серіалізацію та автоматичну генерацію схеми, потрібно додати декоратори в багатьох місцях. Таким чином код стає досить багатослівним. + +Він не дуже добре обробляє вкладені моделі. Отже, якщо тіло JSON у запиті є об’єктом JSON із внутрішніми полями, які, у свою чергу, є вкладеними об’єктами JSON, його неможливо належним чином задокументувати та перевірити. + +!!! Перегляньте "Надихнуло **FastAPI** на" + Використовувати типи Python, щоб мати чудову підтримку редактора. + + Мати потужну систему впровадження залежностей. Знайдіть спосіб звести до мінімуму повторення коду. + +### Sanic + +Це був один із перших надзвичайно швидких фреймворків Python на основі `asyncio`. Він був дуже схожий на Flask. + +!!! Примітка "Технічні деталі" + Він використовував `uvloop` замість стандартного циклу Python `asyncio`. Ось що зробило його таким швидким. + + Це явно надихнуло Uvicorn і Starlette, які зараз швидші за Sanic у відкритих тестах. + +!!! Перегляньте "Надихнуло **FastAPI** на" + Знайти спосіб отримати божевільну продуктивність. + + Ось чому **FastAPI** базується на Starlette, оскільки це найшвидша доступна структура (перевірена тестами сторонніх розробників). + +### Falcon + +Falcon — ще один високопродуктивний фреймворк Python, він розроблений як мінімальний і працює як основа інших фреймворків, таких як Hug. + +Він розроблений таким чином, щоб мати функції, які отримують два параметри, один «запит» і один «відповідь». Потім ви «читаєте» частини запиту та «записуєте» частини у відповідь. Через такий дизайн неможливо оголосити параметри запиту та тіла за допомогою стандартних підказок типу Python як параметри функції. + +Таким чином, перевірка даних, серіалізація та документація повинні виконуватися в коді, а не автоматично. Або вони повинні бути реалізовані як фреймворк поверх Falcon, як Hug. Така сама відмінність спостерігається в інших фреймворках, натхненних дизайном Falcon, що мають один об’єкт запиту та один об’єкт відповіді як параметри. + +!!! Перегляньте "Надихнуло **FastAPI** на" + Знайти способи отримати чудову продуктивність. + + Разом із Hug (оскільки Hug базується на Falcon) надихнув **FastAPI** оголосити параметр `response` у функціях. + + Хоча у FastAPI це необов’язково, і використовується в основному для встановлення заголовків, файлів cookie та альтернативних кодів стану. + +### Molten + +Я відкрив для себе Molten на перших етапах створення **FastAPI**. І він має досить схожі ідеї: + +* Базується на підказках типу Python. +* Перевірка та документація цих типів. +* Система впровадження залежностей. + +Він не використовує перевірку даних, серіалізацію та бібліотеку документації сторонніх розробників, як Pydantic, він має свою власну. Таким чином, ці визначення типів даних не можна було б використовувати повторно так легко. + +Це вимагає трохи більш докладних конфігурацій. І оскільки він заснований на WSGI (замість ASGI), він не призначений для використання високопродуктивних інструментів, таких як Uvicorn, Starlette і Sanic. + +Система впровадження залежностей вимагає попередньої реєстрації залежностей, і залежності вирішуються на основі оголошених типів. Отже, неможливо оголосити більше ніж один «компонент», який надає певний тип. + +Маршрути оголошуються в одному місці з використанням функцій, оголошених в інших місцях (замість використання декораторів, які можна розмістити безпосередньо поверх функції, яка обробляє кінцеву точку). Це ближче до того, як це робить Django, ніж до Flask (і Starlette). Він розділяє в коді речі, які відносно тісно пов’язані. + +!!! Перегляньте "Надихнуло **FastAPI** на" + Визначити додаткові перевірки для типів даних, використовуючи значення "за замовчуванням" атрибутів моделі. Це покращує підтримку редактора, а раніше вона була недоступна в Pydantic. + + Це фактично надихнуло оновити частини Pydantic, щоб підтримувати той самий стиль оголошення перевірки (всі ці функції вже доступні в Pydantic). + +### Hug + +Hug був одним із перших фреймворків, який реалізував оголошення типів параметрів API за допомогою підказок типу Python. Це була чудова ідея, яка надихнула інші інструменти зробити те саме. + +Він використовував спеціальні типи у своїх оголошеннях замість стандартних типів Python, але це все одно був величезний крок вперед. + +Це також був один із перших фреймворків, який генерував спеціальну схему, що оголошувала весь API у JSON. + +Він не базувався на таких стандартах, як OpenAPI та JSON Schema. Тому було б непросто інтегрувати його з іншими інструментами, як-от Swagger UI. Але знову ж таки, це була дуже інноваційна ідея. + +Він має цікаву незвичайну функцію: використовуючи ту саму структуру, можна створювати API, а також CLI. + +Оскільки він заснований на попередньому стандарті для синхронних веб-фреймворків Python (WSGI), він не може працювати з Websockets та іншими речами, хоча він також має високу продуктивність. + +!!! Інформація + Hug створив Тімоті Крослі, той самий творець `isort`, чудовий інструмент для автоматичного сортування імпорту у файлах Python. + +!!! Перегляньте "Надихнуло **FastAPI** на" + Hug надихнув частину APIStar і був одним із найбільш перспективних інструментів, поряд із APIStar. + + Hug надихнув **FastAPI** на використання підказок типу Python для оголошення параметрів і автоматичного створення схеми, що визначає API. + + Hug надихнув **FastAPI** оголосити параметр `response` у функціях для встановлення заголовків і файлів cookie. + +### APIStar (<= 0,5) + +Безпосередньо перед тим, як вирішити створити **FastAPI**, я знайшов сервер **APIStar**. Він мав майже все, що я шукав, і мав чудовий дизайн. + +Це була одна з перших реалізацій фреймворку, що використовує підказки типу Python для оголошення параметрів і запитів, яку я коли-небудь бачив (до NestJS і Molten). Я знайшов його більш-менш одночасно з Hug. Але APIStar використовував стандарт OpenAPI. + +Він мав автоматичну перевірку даних, серіалізацію даних і генерацію схеми OpenAPI на основі підказок того самого типу в кількох місцях. + +Визначення схеми тіла не використовували ті самі підказки типу Python, як Pydantic, воно було трохи схоже на Marshmallow, тому підтримка редактора була б не такою хорошою, але все ж APIStar був найкращим доступним варіантом. + +Він мав найкращі показники продуктивності на той час (перевершив лише Starlette). + +Спочатку він не мав автоматичного веб-інтерфейсу документації API, але я знав, що можу додати до нього інтерфейс користувача Swagger. + +Він мав систему введення залежностей. Він вимагав попередньої реєстрації компонентів, як і інші інструменти, розглянуті вище. Але все одно це була чудова функція. + +Я ніколи не міг використовувати його в повноцінному проекті, оскільки він не мав інтеграції безпеки, тому я не міг замінити всі функції, які мав, генераторами повного стеку на основі Flask-apispec. У моїх невиконаних проектах я мав створити запит на вилучення, додавши цю функцію. + +Але потім фокус проекту змінився. + +Це вже не був веб-фреймворк API, оскільки творцю потрібно було зосередитися на Starlette. + +Тепер APIStar — це набір інструментів для перевірки специфікацій OpenAPI, а не веб-фреймворк. + +!!! Інформація + APIStar створив Том Крісті. Той самий хлопець, який створив: + + * Django REST Framework + * Starlette (на якому базується **FastAPI**) + * Uvicorn (використовується Starlette і **FastAPI**) + +!!! Перегляньте "Надихнуло **FastAPI** на" + Існувати. + + Ідею оголошення кількох речей (перевірки даних, серіалізації та документації) за допомогою тих самих типів Python, які в той же час забезпечували чудову підтримку редактора, я вважав геніальною ідеєю. + + І після тривалого пошуку подібної структури та тестування багатьох різних альтернатив, APIStar став найкращим доступним варіантом. + + Потім APIStar перестав існувати як сервер, і було створено Starlette, який став новою кращою основою для такої системи. Це стало останнім джерелом натхнення для створення **FastAPI**. Я вважаю **FastAPI** «духовним спадкоємцем» APIStar, удосконалюючи та розширюючи функції, систему введення тексту та інші частини на основі досвіду, отриманого від усіх цих попередніх інструментів. + +## Використовується **FastAPI** + +### Pydantic + +Pydantic — це бібліотека для визначення перевірки даних, серіалізації та документації (за допомогою схеми JSON) на основі підказок типу Python. + +Це робить його надзвичайно інтуїтивним. + +Його можна порівняти з Marshmallow. Хоча він швидший за Marshmallow у тестах. Оскільки він базується на тих самих підказках типу Python, підтримка редактора чудова. + +!!! Перегляньте "**FastAPI** використовує його для" + Виконання перевірки всіх даних, серіалізації даних і автоматичної документацію моделі (на основі схеми JSON). + + Потім **FastAPI** бере ці дані схеми JSON і розміщує їх у OpenAPI, окремо від усіх інших речей, які він робить. + +### Starlette + +Starlette — це легкий фреймворк/набір інструментів ASGI, який ідеально підходить для створення високопродуктивних asyncio сервісів. + +Він дуже простий та інтуїтивно зрозумілий. Його розроблено таким чином, щоб його можна було легко розширювати та мати модульні компоненти. + +Він має: + +* Серйозно вражаючу продуктивність. +* Підтримку WebSocket. +* Фонові завдання в процесі. +* Події запуску та завершення роботи. +* Тестового клієнта, побудований на HTTPX. +* CORS, GZip, статичні файли, потокові відповіді. +* Підтримку сеансів і файлів cookie. +* 100% покриття тестом. +* 100% анотовану кодову базу. +* Кілька жорстких залежностей. + +Starlette наразі є найшвидшим фреймворком Python із перевірених. Перевершує лише Uvicorn, який є не фреймворком, а сервером. + +Starlette надає всі основні функції веб-мікрофреймворку. + +Але він не забезпечує автоматичної перевірки даних, серіалізації чи документації. + +Це одна з головних речей, які **FastAPI** додає зверху, все на основі підказок типу Python (з використанням Pydantic). Це, а також система впровадження залежностей, утиліти безпеки, створення схеми OpenAPI тощо. + +!!! Примітка "Технічні деталі" + ASGI — це новий «стандарт», який розробляється членами основної команди Django. Це ще не «стандарт Python» (PEP), хоча вони в процесі цього. + + Тим не менш, він уже використовується як «стандарт» кількома інструментами. Це значно покращує сумісність, оскільки ви можете переключити Uvicorn на будь-який інший сервер ASGI (наприклад, Daphne або Hypercorn), або ви можете додати інструменти, сумісні з ASGI, як-от `python-socketio`. + +!!! Перегляньте "**FastAPI** використовує його для" + Керування всіма основними веб-частинами. Додавання функцій зверху. + + Сам клас `FastAPI` безпосередньо успадковує клас `Starlette`. + + Отже, усе, що ви можете робити зі Starlette, ви можете робити це безпосередньо за допомогою **FastAPI**, оскільки це, по суті, Starlette на стероїдах. + +### Uvicorn + +Uvicorn — це блискавичний сервер ASGI, побудований на uvloop і httptools. + +Це не веб-фреймворк, а сервер. Наприклад, він не надає інструментів для маршрутизації. Це те, що фреймворк на кшталт Starlette (або **FastAPI**) забезпечить поверх нього. + +Це рекомендований сервер для Starlette і **FastAPI**. + +!!! Перегляньте "**FastAPI** рекомендує це як" + Основний веб-сервер для запуску програм **FastAPI**. + + Ви можете поєднати його з Gunicorn, щоб мати асинхронний багатопроцесний сервер. + + Додаткову інформацію див. у розділі [Розгортання](deployment/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## Орієнтири та швидкість + +Щоб зрозуміти, порівняти та побачити різницю між Uvicorn, Starlette і FastAPI, перегляньте розділ про [Бенчмарки](benchmarks.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/uk/docs/fastapi-people.md b/docs/uk/docs/fastapi-people.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b32f0e5ce --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/uk/docs/fastapi-people.md @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ +# Люди FastAPI + +FastAPI має дивовижну спільноту, яка вітає людей різного походження. + +## Творець – Супроводжувач + +Привіт! 👋 + +Це я: + +{% if people %} +
+{% for user in people.maintainers %} + +
@{{ user.login }}
Answers: {{ user.answers }}
Pull Requests: {{ user.prs }}
+{% endfor %} + +
+{% endif %} + +Я - творець і супроводжувач **FastAPI**. Детальніше про це можна прочитати в [Довідка FastAPI - Отримати довідку - Зв'язатися з автором](help-fastapi.md#connect-with-the-author){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +...Але тут я хочу показати вам спільноту. + +--- + +**FastAPI** отримує велику підтримку від спільноти. І я хочу відзначити їхній внесок. + +Це люди, які: + +* [Допомагають іншим із проблемами (запитаннями) у GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank}. +* [Створюють пул реквести](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank}. +* Переглядають пул реквести, [особливо важливо для перекладів](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Оплески їм. 👏 🙇 + +## Найбільш активні користувачі минулого місяця + +Це користувачі, які [найбільше допомагали іншим із проблемами (запитаннями) у GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} протягом минулого місяця. ☕ + +{% if people %} +
+{% for user in people.last_month_active %} + +
@{{ user.login }}
Issues replied: {{ user.count }}
+{% endfor %} + +
+{% endif %} + +## Експерти + +Ось **експерти FastAPI**. 🤓 + +Це користувачі, які [найбільше допомагали іншим із проблемами (запитаннями) у GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-issues-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} протягом *всього часу*. + +Вони зарекомендували себе як експерти, допомагаючи багатьом іншим. ✨ + +{% if people %} +
+{% for user in people.experts %} + +
@{{ user.login }}
Issues replied: {{ user.count }}
+{% endfor %} + +
+{% endif %} + +## Найкращі контрибютори + +Ось **Найкращі контрибютори**. 👷 + +Ці користувачі [створили найбільшу кількість пул реквестів](help-fastapi.md#create-a-pull-request){.internal-link target=_blank} які були *змержені*. + +Вони надали програмний код, документацію, переклади тощо. 📦 + +{% if people %} +
+{% for user in people.top_contributors %} + +
@{{ user.login }}
Pull Requests: {{ user.count }}
+{% endfor %} + +
+{% endif %} + +Є багато інших контрибюторів (більше сотні), їх усіх можна побачити на сторінці FastAPI GitHub Contributors. 👷 + +## Найкращі рецензенти + +Ці користувачі є **Найкращими рецензентами**. 🕵️ + +### Рецензенти на переклади + +Я розмовляю лише кількома мовами (і не дуже добре 😅). Отже, рецензенти – це ті, хто має [**повноваження схвалювати переклади**](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank} документації. Без них не було б документації кількома іншими мовами. + +--- + +**Найкращі рецензенти** 🕵️ переглянули більшість пул реквестів від інших, забезпечуючи якість коду, документації і особливо **перекладів**. + +{% if people %} +
+{% for user in people.top_reviewers %} + +
@{{ user.login }}
Reviews: {{ user.count }}
+{% endfor %} + +
+{% endif %} + +## Спонсори + +Це **Спонсори**. 😎 + +Вони підтримують мою роботу з **FastAPI** (та іншими), переважно через GitHub Sponsors. + +{% if sponsors %} + +{% if sponsors.gold %} + +### Золоті спонсори + +{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%} + +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + +{% if sponsors.silver %} + +### Срібні спонсори + +{% for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%} + +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + +{% if sponsors.bronze %} + +### Бронзові спонсори + +{% for sponsor in sponsors.bronze -%} + +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + +{% endif %} + +### Індивідуальні спонсори + +{% if github_sponsors %} +{% for group in github_sponsors.sponsors %} + +
+ +{% for user in group %} +{% if user.login not in sponsors_badge.logins %} + +
@{{ user.login }}
+ +{% endif %} +{% endfor %} + +
+ +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + +## Про дані - технічні деталі + +Основна мета цієї сторінки – висвітлити зусилля спільноти, щоб допомогти іншим. + +Особливо враховуючи зусилля, які зазвичай менш помітні, а в багатьох випадках більш важкі, як-от допомога іншим із проблемами та перегляд пул реквестів перекладів. + +Дані розраховуються щомісяця, ви можете ознайомитися з вихідним кодом тут. + +Тут я також підкреслюю внески спонсорів. + +Я також залишаю за собою право оновлювати алгоритми підрахунку, види рейтингів, порогові значення тощо (про всяк випадок 🤷). diff --git a/docs/uk/docs/index.md b/docs/uk/docs/index.md index 95fb7ae21..fad693f79 100644 --- a/docs/uk/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/uk/docs/index.md @@ -1,50 +1,49 @@ - -{!../../../docs/missing-translation.md!} - -

FastAPI

- FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production + Готовий до продакшину, високопродуктивний, простий у вивченні та швидкий для написання коду фреймворк

- - Test + + Test - - Coverage + + Coverage Package version + + Supported Python versions +

--- -**Documentation**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com +**Документація**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com -**Source Code**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi +**Програмний код**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi --- -FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.6+ based on standard Python type hints. +FastAPI - це сучасний, швидкий (високопродуктивний), вебфреймворк для створення API за допомогою Python 3.8+,в основі якого лежить стандартна анотація типів Python. -The key features are: +Ключові особливості: -* **Fast**: Very high performance, on par with **NodeJS** and **Go** (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). [One of the fastest Python frameworks available](#performance). +* **Швидкий**: Дуже висока продуктивність, на рівні з **NodeJS** та **Go** (завдяки Starlette та Pydantic). [Один із найшвидших фреймворків](#performance). -* **Fast to code**: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * -* **Fewer bugs**: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. * -* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. Completion everywhere. Less time debugging. -* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs. -* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs. -* **Robust**: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation. -* **Standards-based**: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: OpenAPI (previously known as Swagger) and JSON Schema. +* **Швидке написання коду**: Пришвидшує розробку функціоналу приблизно на 200%-300%. * +* **Менше помилок**: Зменшить кількість помилок спричинених людиною (розробником) на 40%. * +* **Інтуїтивний**: Чудова підтримка редакторами коду. Доповнення всюди. Зменште час на налагодження. +* **Простий**: Спроектований, для легкого використання та навчання. Знадобиться менше часу на читання документації. +* **Короткий**: Зведе до мінімуму дублювання коду. Кожен оголошений параметр може виконувати кілька функцій. +* **Надійний**: Ви матимете стабільний код готовий до продакшину з автоматичною інтерактивною документацією. +* **Стандартизований**: Оснований та повністю сумісний з відкритими стандартами для API: OpenAPI (попередньо відомий як Swagger) та JSON Schema. -* estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications. +* оцінка на основі тестів внутрішньої команди розробників, створення продуктових застосунків. -## Sponsors +## Спонсори @@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ The key features are: Other sponsors -## Opinions +## Враження "_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._" @@ -101,24 +100,24 @@ The key features are: --- -## **Typer**, the FastAPI of CLIs +## **Typer**, FastAPI CLI -If you are building a CLI app to be used in the terminal instead of a web API, check out **Typer**. +Створюючи CLI застосунок для використання в терміналі, замість веб-API зверніть увагу на **Typer**. -**Typer** is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the **FastAPI of CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀 +**Typer** є молодшим братом FastAPI. І це **FastAPI для CLI**. ⌨️ 🚀 -## Requirements +## Вимоги -Python 3.6+ +Python 3.8+ -FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: +FastAPI стоїть на плечах гігантів: -* Starlette for the web parts. -* Pydantic for the data parts. +* Starlette для web частини. +* Pydantic для частини даних. -## Installation +## Вставновлення
@@ -130,7 +129,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
-You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn. +Вам також знадобиться сервер ASGI для продакшину, наприклад Uvicorn або Hypercorn.
@@ -142,14 +141,14 @@ $ pip install uvicorn[standard]
-## Example +## Приклад -### Create it +### Створіть -* Create a file `main.py` with: +* Створіть файл `main.py` з: ```Python -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -162,17 +161,17 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ```
-Or use async def... +Або використайте async def... -If your code uses `async` / `await`, use `async def`: +Якщо ваш код використовує `async` / `await`, скористайтеся `async def`: ```Python hl_lines="9 14" -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -185,19 +184,19 @@ async def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` -**Note**: +**Примітка**: -If you don't know, check the _"In a hurry?"_ section about `async` and `await` in the docs. +Стикнувшись з проблемами, не зайвим буде ознайомитися з розділом _"In a hurry?"_ про `async` та `await` у документації.
-### Run it +### Запустіть -Run the server with: +Запустіть server з:
@@ -214,57 +213,57 @@ INFO: Application startup complete.
-About the command uvicorn main:app --reload... +Про команди uvicorn main:app --reload... -The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to: +Команда `uvicorn main:app` посилається на: -* `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module"). -* `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`. -* `--reload`: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development. +* `main`: файл `main.py` ("Модуль" Python). +* `app`: об’єкт створений усередині `main.py` рядком `app = FastAPI()`. +* `--reload`: перезапускає сервер після зміни коду. Використовуйте виключно для розробки.
-### Check it +### Перевірте -Open your browser at http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. +Відкрийте браузер та введіть адресу http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. -You will see the JSON response as: +Ви побачите у відповідь подібний JSON: ```JSON {"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} ``` -You already created an API that: +Ви вже створили API, який: -* Receives HTTP requests in the _paths_ `/` and `/items/{item_id}`. -* Both _paths_ take `GET` operations (also known as HTTP _methods_). -* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has a _path parameter_ `item_id` that should be an `int`. -* The _path_ `/items/{item_id}` has an optional `str` _query parameter_ `q`. +* Отримує HTTP запити за _шляхами_ `/` та `/items/{item_id}`. +* Обидва _шляхи_ приймають `GET` операції (також відомі як HTTP _методи_). +* _Шлях_ `/items/{item_id}` містить _параметр шляху_ `item_id` який має бути типу `int`. +* _Шлях_ `/items/{item_id}` містить необовʼязковий `str` _параметр запиту_ `q`. -### Interactive API docs +### Інтерактивні документації API -Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. +Перейдемо сюди http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. -You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by Swagger UI): +Ви побачите автоматичну інтерактивну API документацію (створену завдяки Swagger UI): ![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) -### Alternative API docs +### Альтернативні документації API -And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. +Тепер перейдемо сюди http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. -You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by ReDoc): +Ви побачите альтернативну автоматичну документацію (створену завдяки ReDoc): ![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) -## Example upgrade +## Приклад оновлення -Now modify the file `main.py` to receive a body from a `PUT` request. +Тепер модифікуйте файл `main.py`, щоб отримати вміст запиту `PUT`. -Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic. +Оголошуйте вміст запиту за допомогою стандартних типів Python завдяки Pydantic. ```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -275,7 +274,7 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str price: float - is_offer: Optional[bool] = None + is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None @app.get("/") @@ -284,7 +283,7 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} @@ -293,175 +292,174 @@ def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} ``` -The server should reload automatically (because you added `--reload` to the `uvicorn` command above). +Сервер повинен автоматично перезавантажуватися (тому що Ви додали `--reload` до `uvicorn` команди вище). -### Interactive API docs upgrade +### Оновлення інтерактивної API документації -Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. +Тепер перейдемо сюди http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. -* The interactive API documentation will be automatically updated, including the new body: +* Інтерактивна документація API буде автоматично оновлена, включаючи новий вміст: ![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) -* Click on the button "Try it out", it allows you to fill the parameters and directly interact with the API: +* Натисніть кнопку "Try it out", це дозволить вам заповнити параметри та безпосередньо взаємодіяти з API: ![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) -* Then click on the "Execute" button, the user interface will communicate with your API, send the parameters, get the results and show them on the screen: +* Потім натисніть кнопку "Execute", інтерфейс користувача зв'яжеться з вашим API, надішле параметри, у відповідь отримає результати та покаже їх на екрані: ![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) -### Alternative API docs upgrade +### Оновлення альтернативної API документації -And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. +Зараз перейдемо http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. -* The alternative documentation will also reflect the new query parameter and body: +* Альтернативна документація також показуватиме новий параметр і вміст запиту: ![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) -### Recap +### Підсумки -In summary, you declare **once** the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters. +Таким чином, Ви **один раз** оголошуєте типи параметрів, тіла тощо, як параметри функції. -You do that with standard modern Python types. +Ви робите це за допомогою стандартних сучасних типів Python. -You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc. +Вам не потрібно вивчати новий синтаксис, методи чи класи конкретної бібліотеки тощо. -Just standard **Python 3.6+**. +Використовуючи стандартний **Python 3.8+**. -For example, for an `int`: +Наприклад, для `int`: ```Python item_id: int ``` -or for a more complex `Item` model: +або для більш складної моделі `Item`: ```Python item: Item ``` -...and with that single declaration you get: +...і з цим єдиним оголошенням Ви отримуєте: -* Editor support, including: - * Completion. - * Type checks. -* Validation of data: - * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid. - * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects. -* Conversion of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from: +* Підтримку редактора, включаючи: + * Варіанти заповнення. + * Перевірку типів. +* Перевірку даних: + * Автоматичні та зрозумілі помилки, у разі некоректних даних. + * Перевірка навіть для JSON з високим рівнем вкладеності. +* Перетворення вхідних даних: з мережі до даних і типів Python. Читання з: * JSON. - * Path parameters. - * Query parameters. + * Параметрів шляху. + * Параметрів запиту. * Cookies. * Headers. * Forms. - * Files. -* Conversion of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON): - * Convert Python types (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, etc). - * `datetime` objects. - * `UUID` objects. - * Database models. - * ...and many more. -* Automatic interactive API documentation, including 2 alternative user interfaces: + * Файлів. +* Перетворення вихідних даних: з типів і даних Python до мережевих даних (як JSON): + * Конвертація Python типів (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, тощо). + * `datetime` об'єкти. + * `UUID` об'єкти. + * Моделі бази даних. + * ...та багато іншого. +* Автоматичну інтерактивну документацію API, включаючи 2 альтернативні інтерфейси користувача: * Swagger UI. * ReDoc. --- -Coming back to the previous code example, **FastAPI** will: +Повертаючись до попереднього прикладу коду, **FastAPI**: -* Validate that there is an `item_id` in the path for `GET` and `PUT` requests. -* Validate that the `item_id` is of type `int` for `GET` and `PUT` requests. - * If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error. -* Check if there is an optional query parameter named `q` (as in `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) for `GET` requests. - * As the `q` parameter is declared with `= None`, it is optional. - * Without the `None` it would be required (as is the body in the case with `PUT`). -* For `PUT` requests to `/items/{item_id}`, Read the body as JSON: - * Check that it has a required attribute `name` that should be a `str`. - * Check that it has a required attribute `price` that has to be a `float`. - * Check that it has an optional attribute `is_offer`, that should be a `bool`, if present. - * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects. -* Convert from and to JSON automatically. -* Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by: - * Interactive documentation systems. - * Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages. -* Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly. +* Підтвердить наявність `item_id` у шляху для запитів `GET` та `PUT`. +* Підтвердить, що `item_id` має тип `int` для запитів `GET` and `PUT`. + * Якщо це не так, клієнт побачить корисну, зрозумілу помилку. +* Перевірить, чи є необов'язковий параметр запиту з назвою `q` (а саме `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) для запитів `GET`. + * Оскільки параметр `q` оголошено як `= None`, він необов'язковий. + * За відсутності `None` він був би обов'язковим (як і вміст у випадку з `PUT`). +* Для запитів `PUT` із `/items/{item_id}`, читає вміст як JSON: + * Перевірить, чи має обов'язковий атрибут `name` тип `str`. + * Перевірить, чи має обов'язковий атрибут `price` тип `float`. + * Перевірить, чи існує необов'язковий атрибут `is_offer` та чи має він тип `bool`. + * Усе це також працюватиме для глибоко вкладених об'єктів JSON. +* Автоматично конвертує із та в JSON. +* Документує все за допомогою OpenAPI, який може бути використано в: + * Інтерактивних системах документації. + * Системах автоматичної генерації клієнтського коду для багатьох мов. +* Надає безпосередньо 2 вебінтерфейси інтерактивної документації. --- -We just scratched the surface, but you already get the idea of how it all works. +Ми лише трішки доторкнулися до коду, але Ви вже маєте уявлення про те, як все працює. -Try changing the line with: +Спробуйте змінити рядок: ```Python return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} ``` -...from: +...із: ```Python ... "item_name": item.name ... ``` -...to: +...на: ```Python ... "item_price": item.price ... ``` -...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types: +...і побачите, як ваш редактор автоматично заповнюватиме атрибути та знатиме їхні типи: ![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) -For a more complete example including more features, see the Tutorial - User Guide. +Для більш повного ознайомлення з додатковими функціями, перегляньте Туторіал - Посібник Користувача. -**Spoiler alert**: the tutorial - user guide includes: +**Spoiler alert**: туторіал - посібник користувача містить: -* Declaration of **parameters** from other different places as: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** and **files**. -* How to set **validation constraints** as `maximum_length` or `regex`. -* A very powerful and easy to use **Dependency Injection** system. -* Security and authentication, including support for **OAuth2** with **JWT tokens** and **HTTP Basic** auth. -* More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring **deeply nested JSON models** (thanks to Pydantic). -* Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as: +* Оголошення **параметрів** з інших місць як: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** та **files**. +* Як встановити **перевірку обмежень** як `maximum_length` або `regex`. +* Дуже потужна і проста у використанні система **Ін'єкція Залежностей**. +* Безпека та автентифікація, включаючи підтримку **OAuth2** з **JWT tokens** та **HTTP Basic** автентифікацію. +* Досконаліші (але однаково прості) техніки для оголошення **глибоко вкладених моделей JSON** (завдяки Pydantic). +* Багато додаткових функцій (завдяки Starlette) як-от: * **WebSockets** - * **GraphQL** - * extremely easy tests based on `requests` and `pytest` + * надзвичайно прості тести на основі HTTPX та `pytest` * **CORS** * **Cookie Sessions** - * ...and more. + * ...та більше. -## Performance +## Продуктивність -Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show **FastAPI** applications running under Uvicorn as one of the fastest Python frameworks available, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*) +Незалежні тести TechEmpower показують що застосунки **FastAPI**, які працюють під керуванням Uvicorn є одними з найшвидших серед доступних фреймворків в Python, поступаючись лише Starlette та Uvicorn (які внутрішньо використовуються в FastAPI). (*) -To understand more about it, see the section Benchmarks. +Щоб дізнатися більше про це, перегляньте розділ Benchmarks. -## Optional Dependencies +## Необов'язкові залежності -Used by Pydantic: +Pydantic використовує: -* ujson - for faster JSON "parsing". -* email_validator - for email validation. +* email_validator - для валідації електронної пошти. +* pydantic-settings - для управління налаштуваннями. +* pydantic-extra-types - для додаткових типів, що можуть бути використані з Pydantic. -Used by Starlette: -* requests - Required if you want to use the `TestClient`. -* aiofiles - Required if you want to use `FileResponse` or `StaticFiles`. -* jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. -* python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with `request.form()`. -* itsdangerous - Required for `SessionMiddleware` support. -* pyyaml - Required for Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI). -* graphene - Required for `GraphQLApp` support. -* ujson - Required if you want to use `UJSONResponse`. +Starlette використовує: -Used by FastAPI / Starlette: +* httpx - Необхідно, якщо Ви хочете використовувати `TestClient`. +* jinja2 - Необхідно, якщо Ви хочете використовувати шаблони як конфігурацію за замовчуванням. +* python-multipart - Необхідно, якщо Ви хочете підтримувати "розбір" форми за допомогою `request.form()`. +* itsdangerous - Необхідно для підтримки `SessionMiddleware`. +* pyyaml - Необхідно для підтримки Starlette `SchemaGenerator` (ймовірно, вам це не потрібно з FastAPI). +* ujson - Необхідно, якщо Ви хочете використовувати `UJSONResponse`. -* uvicorn - for the server that loads and serves your application. -* orjson - Required if you want to use `ORJSONResponse`. +FastAPI / Starlette використовують: -You can install all of these with `pip install fastapi[all]`. +* uvicorn - для сервера, який завантажує та обслуговує вашу програму. +* orjson - Необхідно, якщо Ви хочете використовувати `ORJSONResponse`. -## License +Ви можете встановити все це за допомогою `pip install fastapi[all]`. -This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license. +## Ліцензія + +Цей проєкт ліцензовано згідно з умовами ліцензії MIT. diff --git a/docs/uk/docs/python-types.md b/docs/uk/docs/python-types.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c8e29016 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/uk/docs/python-types.md @@ -0,0 +1,448 @@ +# Вступ до типів Python + +Python підтримує додаткові "підказки типу" ("type hints") (також звані "анотаціями типу" ("type annotations")). + +Ці **"type hints"** є спеціальним синтаксисом, що дозволяє оголошувати тип змінної. + +За допомогою оголошення типів для ваших змінних, редактори та інструменти можуть надати вам кращу підтримку. + +Це просто **швидкий посібник / нагадування** про анотації типів у Python. Він покриває лише мінімум, необхідний щоб використовувати їх з **FastAPI**... що насправді дуже мало. + +**FastAPI** повністю базується на цих анотаціях типів, вони дають йому багато переваг. + +Але навіть якщо ви ніколи не використаєте **FastAPI**, вам буде корисно дізнатись трохи про них. + +!!! note + Якщо ви експерт у Python і ви вже знаєте усе про анотації типів - перейдіть до наступного розділу. + +## Мотивація + +Давайте почнемо з простого прикладу: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Виклик цієї програми виводить: + +``` +John Doe +``` + +Функція виконує наступне: + +* Бере `first_name` та `last_name`. +* Конвертує кожну літеру кожного слова у верхній регістр за допомогою `title()`. +* Конкатенує їх разом із пробілом по середині. + +```Python hl_lines="2" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### Редагуйте це + +Це дуже проста програма. + +Але тепер уявіть, що ви писали це з нуля. + +У певний момент ви розпочали б визначення функції, у вас були б готові параметри... + +Але тоді вам потрібно викликати "той метод, який переводить першу літеру у верхній регістр". + +Це буде `upper`? Чи `uppercase`? `first_uppercase`? `capitalize`? + +Тоді ви спробуєте давнього друга програміста - автозаповнення редактора коду. + +Ви надрукуєте перший параметр функції, `first_name`, тоді крапку (`.`), а тоді натиснете `Ctrl+Space`, щоб запустити автозаповнення. + +Але, на жаль, ви не отримаєте нічого корисного: + + + +### Додайте типи + +Давайте змінимо один рядок з попередньої версії. + +Ми змінимо саме цей фрагмент, параметри функції, з: + +```Python + first_name, last_name +``` + +на: + +```Python + first_name: str, last_name: str +``` + +Ось і все. + +Це "type hints": + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +Це не те саме, що оголошення значень за замовчуванням, як це було б з: + +```Python + first_name="john", last_name="doe" +``` + +Це зовсім інше. + +Ми використовуємо двокрапку (`:`), не дорівнює (`=`). + +І додавання анотації типу зазвичай не змінює того, що сталось би без них. + +Але тепер, уявіть що ви посеред процесу створення функції, але з анотаціями типів. + +В цей же момент, ви спробуєте викликати автозаповнення з допомогою `Ctrl+Space` і побачите: + + + +Разом з цим, ви можете прокручувати, переглядати опції, допоки ви не знайдете одну, що звучить схоже: + + + +## Більше мотивації + +Перевірте цю функцію, вона вже має анотацію типу: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +Оскільки редактор знає типи змінних, ви не тільки отримаєте автозаповнення, ви також отримаєте перевірку помилок: + + + +Тепер ви знаєте, щоб виправити це, вам потрібно перетворити `age` у строку з допомогою `str(age)`: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +## Оголошення типів + +Щойно ви побачили основне місце для оголошення анотацій типу. Як параметри функції. + +Це також основне місце, де ви б їх використовували у **FastAPI**. + +### Прості типи + +Ви можете оголошувати усі стандартні типи у Python, не тільки `str`. + +Ви можете використовувати, наприклад: + +* `int` +* `float` +* `bool` +* `bytes` + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +### Generic-типи з параметрами типів + +Існують деякі структури даних, які можуть містити інші значення, наприклад `dict`, `list`, `set` та `tuple`. І внутрішні значення також можуть мати свій тип. + +Ці типи, які мають внутрішні типи, називаються "**generic**" типами. І оголосити їх можна навіть із внутрішніми типами. + +Щоб оголосити ці типи та внутрішні типи, ви можете використовувати стандартний модуль Python `typing`. Він існує спеціально для підтримки анотацій типів. + +#### Новіші версії Python + +Синтаксис із використанням `typing` **сумісний** з усіма версіями, від Python 3.6 до останніх, включаючи Python 3.9, Python 3.10 тощо. + +У міру розвитку Python **новіші версії** мають покращену підтримку анотацій типів і в багатьох випадках вам навіть не потрібно буде імпортувати та використовувати модуль `typing` для оголошення анотацій типу. + +Якщо ви можете вибрати новішу версію Python для свого проекту, ви зможете скористатися цією додатковою простотою. Дивіться кілька прикладів нижче. + +#### List (список) + +Наприклад, давайте визначимо змінну, яка буде `list` із `str`. + +=== "Python 3.8 і вище" + + З модуля `typing`, імпортуємо `List` (з великої літери `L`): + + ``` Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + + Оголосимо змінну з тим самим синтаксисом двокрапки (`:`). + + Як тип вкажемо `List`, який ви імпортували з `typing`. + + Оскільки список є типом, який містить деякі внутрішні типи, ви поміщаєте їх у квадратні дужки: + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 і вище" + + Оголосимо змінну з тим самим синтаксисом двокрапки (`:`). + + Як тип вкажемо `list`. + + Оскільки список є типом, який містить деякі внутрішні типи, ви поміщаєте їх у квадратні дужки: + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006_py39.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + Ці внутрішні типи в квадратних дужках називаються "параметрами типу". + + У цьому випадку, `str` це параметр типу переданий у `List` (або `list` у Python 3.9 і вище). + +Це означає: "змінна `items` це `list`, і кожен з елементів у цьому списку - `str`". + +!!! tip + Якщо ви використовуєте Python 3.9 і вище, вам не потрібно імпортувати `List` з `typing`, ви можете використовувати натомість тип `list`. + +Зробивши це, ваш редактор може надати підтримку навіть під час обробки елементів зі списку: + + + +Без типів цього майже неможливо досягти. + +Зверніть увагу, що змінна `item` є одним із елементів у списку `items`. + +І все ж редактор знає, що це `str`, і надає підтримку для цього. + +#### Tuple and Set (кортеж та набір) + +Ви повинні зробити те ж саме, щоб оголосити `tuple` і `set`: + +=== "Python 3.8 і вище" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial007.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 і вище" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial007_py39.py!} + ``` + +Це означає: + +* Змінна `items_t` це `tuple` з 3 елементами, `int`, ще `int`, та `str`. +* Змінна `items_s` це `set`, і кожен його елемент типу `bytes`. + +#### Dict (словник) + +Щоб оголосити `dict`, вам потрібно передати 2 параметри типу, розділені комами. + +Перший параметр типу для ключа у `dict`. + +Другий параметр типу для значення у `dict`: + +=== "Python 3.8 і вище" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 і вище" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008_py39.py!} + ``` + +Це означає: + +* Змінна `prices` це `dict`: + * Ключі цього `dict` типу `str` (наприклад, назва кожного елементу). + * Значення цього `dict` типу `float` (наприклад, ціна кожного елементу). + +#### Union (об'єднання) + +Ви можете оголосити, що змінна може бути будь-яким із **кількох типів**, наприклад, `int` або `str`. + +У Python 3.6 і вище (включаючи Python 3.10) ви можете використовувати тип `Union` з `typing` і вставляти в квадратні дужки можливі типи, які можна прийняти. + +У Python 3.10 також є **альтернативний синтаксис**, у якому ви можете розділити можливі типи за допомогою вертикальної смуги (`|`). + +=== "Python 3.8 і вище" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008b.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 і вище" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008b_py310.py!} + ``` + +В обох випадках це означає, що `item` може бути `int` або `str`. + +#### Possibly `None` (Optional) + +Ви можете оголосити, що значення може мати тип, наприклад `str`, але також може бути `None`. + +У Python 3.6 і вище (включаючи Python 3.10) ви можете оголосити його, імпортувавши та використовуючи `Optional` з модуля `typing`. + +```Python hl_lines="1 4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!} +``` + +Використання `Optional[str]` замість просто `str` дозволить редактору допомогти вам виявити помилки, коли ви могли б вважати, що значенням завжди є `str`, хоча насправді воно також може бути `None`. + +`Optional[Something]` насправді є скороченням для `Union[Something, None]`, вони еквівалентні. + +Це також означає, що в Python 3.10 ви можете використовувати `Something | None`: + +=== "Python 3.8 і вище" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8 і вище - альтернатива" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009b.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 і вище" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!} + ``` + +#### Generic типи + +Ці типи, які приймають параметри типу у квадратних дужках, називаються **Generic types** or **Generics**, наприклад: + +=== "Python 3.8 і вище" + + * `List` + * `Tuple` + * `Set` + * `Dict` + * `Union` + * `Optional` + * ...та інші. + +=== "Python 3.9 і вище" + + Ви можете використовувати ті самі вбудовані типи, як generic (з квадратними дужками та типами всередині): + + * `list` + * `tuple` + * `set` + * `dict` + + І те саме, що й у Python 3.8, із модуля `typing`: + + * `Union` + * `Optional` + * ...та інші. + +=== "Python 3.10 і вище" + + Ви можете використовувати ті самі вбудовані типи, як generic (з квадратними дужками та типами всередині): + + * `list` + * `tuple` + * `set` + * `dict` + + І те саме, що й у Python 3.8, із модуля `typing`: + + * `Union` + * `Optional` (так само як у Python 3.8) + * ...та інші. + + У Python 3.10, як альтернатива використанню `Union` та `Optional`, ви можете використовувати вертикальну смугу (`|`) щоб оголосити об'єднання типів. + +### Класи як типи + +Ви також можете оголосити клас як тип змінної. + +Скажімо, у вас є клас `Person` з імʼям: + +```Python hl_lines="1-3" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial010.py!} +``` + +Потім ви можете оголосити змінну типу `Person`: + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial010.py!} +``` + +І знову ж таки, ви отримуєте всю підтримку редактора: + + + +## Pydantic моделі + +Pydantic це бібліотека Python для валідації даних. + +Ви оголошуєте «форму» даних як класи з атрибутами. + +І кожен атрибут має тип. + +Потім ви створюєте екземпляр цього класу з деякими значеннями, і він перевірить ці значення, перетворить їх у відповідний тип (якщо є потреба) і надасть вам об’єкт з усіма даними. + +І ви отримуєте всю підтримку редактора з цим отриманим об’єктом. + +Приклад з документації Pydantic: + +=== "Python 3.8 і вище" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9 і вище" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 і вище" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011_py310.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + Щоб дізнатись більше про Pydantic, перегляньте його документацію. + +**FastAPI** повністю базується на Pydantic. + +Ви побачите набагато більше цього всього на практиці в [Tutorial - User Guide](tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +## Анотації типів у **FastAPI** + +**FastAPI** використовує ці підказки для виконання кількох речей. + +З **FastAPI** ви оголошуєте параметри з підказками типу, і отримуєте: + +* **Підтримку редактора**. +* **Перевірку типів**. + +...і **FastAPI** використовує ті самі оголошення для: + +* **Визначення вимог**: з параметрів шляху запиту, параметрів запиту, заголовків, тіл, залежностей тощо. +* **Перетворення даних**: із запиту в необхідний тип. +* **Перевірка даних**: що надходять від кожного запиту: + * Генерування **автоматичних помилок**, що повертаються клієнту, коли дані недійсні. +* **Документування** API за допомогою OpenAPI: + * який потім використовується для автоматичної інтерактивної документації користувальницьких інтерфейсів. + +Все це може здатися абстрактним. Не хвилюйтеся. Ви побачите все це в дії в [Туторіал - Посібник користувача](tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Важливо те, що за допомогою стандартних типів Python в одному місці (замість того, щоб додавати більше класів, декораторів тощо), **FastAPI** зробить багато роботи за вас. + +!!! info + Якщо ви вже пройшли весь навчальний посібник і повернулися, щоб дізнатися більше про типи, ось хороший ресурс "шпаргалка" від `mypy`. diff --git a/docs/uk/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md b/docs/uk/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eee993cbe --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/uk/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +# Тіло - Поля + +Так само як ви можете визначати додаткову валідацію та метадані у параметрах *функції обробки шляху* за допомогою `Query`, `Path` та `Body`, ви можете визначати валідацію та метадані всередині моделей Pydantic за допомогою `Field` від Pydantic. + +## Імпорт `Field` + +Спочатку вам потрібно імпортувати це: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Варто користуватись `Annotated` версією, якщо це можливо. + + ```Python hl_lines="2" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Варто користуватись `Annotated` версією, якщо це можливо. + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +!!! warning + Зверніть увагу, що `Field` імпортується прямо з `pydantic`, а не з `fastapi`, як всі інші (`Query`, `Path`, `Body` тощо). + +## Оголошення атрибутів моделі + +Ви можете використовувати `Field` з атрибутами моделі: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11-14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11-14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12-15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Варто користуватись `Annotated` версією, якщо це можливо.. + + ```Python hl_lines="9-12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Варто користуватись `Annotated` версією, якщо це можливо.. + + ```Python hl_lines="11-14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +`Field` працює так само, як `Query`, `Path` і `Body`, у нього такі самі параметри тощо. + +!!! note "Технічні деталі" + Насправді, `Query`, `Path` та інші, що ви побачите далі, створюють об'єкти підкласів загального класу `Param`, котрий сам є підкласом класу `FieldInfo` з Pydantic. + + І `Field` від Pydantic також повертає екземпляр `FieldInfo`. + + `Body` також безпосередньо повертає об'єкти підкласу `FieldInfo`. І є інші підкласи, які ви побачите пізніше, що є підкласами класу Body. + + Пам'ятайте, що коли ви імпортуєте 'Query', 'Path' та інше з 'fastapi', вони фактично є функціями, які повертають спеціальні класи. + +!!! tip + Зверніть увагу, що кожен атрибут моделі із типом, значенням за замовчуванням та `Field` має ту саму структуру, що й параметр *функції обробки шляху*, з `Field` замість `Path`, `Query` і `Body`. + +## Додавання додаткової інформації + +Ви можете визначити додаткову інформацію у `Field`, `Query`, `Body` тощо. І вона буде включена у згенеровану JSON схему. + +Ви дізнаєтеся більше про додавання додаткової інформації пізніше у документації, коли вивчатимете визначення прикладів. + +!!! warning + Додаткові ключі, передані в `Field`, також будуть присутні у згенерованій схемі OpenAPI для вашого додатка. + Оскільки ці ключі не обов'язково можуть бути частиною специфікації OpenAPI, деякі інструменти OpenAPI, наприклад, [OpenAPI валідатор](https://validator.swagger.io/), можуть не працювати з вашою згенерованою схемою. + +## Підсумок + +Ви можете використовувати `Field` з Pydantic для визначення додаткових перевірок та метаданих для атрибутів моделі. + +Ви також можете використовувати додаткові іменовані аргументи для передачі додаткових метаданих JSON схеми. diff --git a/docs/uk/docs/tutorial/body.md b/docs/uk/docs/tutorial/body.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9759e7f45 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/uk/docs/tutorial/body.md @@ -0,0 +1,213 @@ +# Тіло запиту + +Коли вам потрібно надіслати дані з клієнта (скажімо, браузера) до вашого API, ви надсилаєте їх як **тіло запиту**. + +Тіло **запиту** — це дані, надіслані клієнтом до вашого API. Тіло **відповіді** — це дані, які ваш API надсилає клієнту. + +Ваш API майже завжди має надсилати тіло **відповіді**. Але клієнтам не обов’язково потрібно постійно надсилати тіла **запитів**. + +Щоб оголосити тіло **запиту**, ви використовуєте Pydantic моделі з усією їх потужністю та перевагами. + +!!! info + Щоб надіслати дані, ви повинні використовувати один із: `POST` (більш поширений), `PUT`, `DELETE` або `PATCH`. + + Надсилання тіла із запитом `GET` має невизначену поведінку в специфікаціях, проте воно підтримується FastAPI лише для дуже складних/екстремальних випадків використання. + + Оскільки це не рекомендується, інтерактивна документація з Swagger UI не відображатиме документацію для тіла запиту під час використання `GET`, і проксі-сервери в середині можуть не підтримувати її. + +## Імпортуйте `BaseModel` від Pydantic + +Спочатку вам потрібно імпортувати `BaseModel` з `pydantic`: + +=== "Python 3.8 і вище" + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 і вище" + + ```Python hl_lines="2" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +## Створіть свою модель даних + +Потім ви оголошуєте свою модель даних як клас, який успадковується від `BaseModel`. + +Використовуйте стандартні типи Python для всіх атрибутів: + +=== "Python 3.8 і вище" + + ```Python hl_lines="7-11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 і вище" + + ```Python hl_lines="5-9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +Так само, як і при оголошенні параметрів запиту, коли атрибут моделі має значення за замовчуванням, він не є обов’язковим. В іншому випадку це потрібно. Використовуйте `None`, щоб зробити його необов'язковим. + +Наприклад, ця модель вище оголошує JSON "`об'єкт`" (або Python `dict`), як: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "description": "An optional description", + "price": 45.2, + "tax": 3.5 +} +``` + +...оскільки `description` і `tax` є необов'язковими (зі значенням за замовчуванням `None`), цей JSON "`об'єкт`" також буде дійсним: + +```JSON +{ + "name": "Foo", + "price": 45.2 +} +``` + +## Оголоси її як параметр + +Щоб додати модель даних до вашої *операції шляху*, оголосіть її так само, як ви оголосили параметри шляху та запиту: + +=== "Python 3.8 і вище" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 і вище" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +...і вкажіть її тип як модель, яку ви створили, `Item`. + +## Результати + +Лише з цим оголошенням типу Python **FastAPI** буде: + +* Читати тіло запиту як JSON. +* Перетворювати відповідні типи (якщо потрібно). +* Валідувати дані. + * Якщо дані недійсні, він поверне гарну та чітку помилку, вказуючи, де саме і які дані були неправильними. +* Надавати отримані дані у параметрі `item`. + * Оскільки ви оголосили його у функції як тип `Item`, ви також матимете всю підтримку редактора (автозаповнення, тощо) для всіх атрибутів та їх типів. +* Генерувати JSON Schema визначення для вашої моделі, ви також можете використовувати їх де завгодно, якщо це має сенс для вашого проекту. +* Ці схеми будуть частиною згенерованої схеми OpenAPI і використовуватимуться автоматичною документацією інтерфейсу користувача. + +## Автоматична документація + +Схеми JSON ваших моделей будуть частиною вашої схеми, згенерованої OpenAPI, і будуть показані в інтерактивній API документації: + + + +А також використовуватимуться в API документації всередині кожної *операції шляху*, якій вони потрібні: + + + +## Підтримка редактора + +У вашому редакторі, всередині вашої функції, ви будете отримувати підказки типу та завершення скрізь (це б не сталося, якби ви отримали `dict` замість моделі Pydantic): + + + +Ви також отримуєте перевірку помилок на наявність операцій з неправильним типом: + + + +Це не випадково, весь каркас був побудований навколо цього дизайну. + +І він був ретельно перевірений на етапі проектування, перед будь-яким впровадженням, щоб переконатися, що він працюватиме з усіма редакторами. + +Були навіть деякі зміни в самому Pydantic, щоб підтримати це. + +Попередні скріншоти були зроблені у Visual Studio Code. + +Але ви отримаєте ту саму підтримку редактора у PyCharm та більшість інших редакторів Python: + + + +!!! tip + Якщо ви використовуєте PyCharm як ваш редактор, ви можете використати Pydantic PyCharm Plugin. + + Він покращує підтримку редакторів для моделей Pydantic за допомогою: + + * автозаповнення + * перевірки типу + * рефакторингу + * пошуку + * інспекції + +## Використовуйте модель + +Усередині функції ви можете отримати прямий доступ до всіх атрибутів об’єкта моделі: + +=== "Python 3.8 і вище" + + ```Python hl_lines="21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 і вище" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +## Тіло запиту + параметри шляху + +Ви можете одночасно оголошувати параметри шляху та тіло запиту. + +**FastAPI** розпізнає, що параметри функції, які відповідають параметрам шляху, мають бути **взяті з шляху**, а параметри функції, які оголошуються як моделі Pydantic, **взяті з тіла запиту**. + +=== "Python 3.8 і вище" + + ```Python hl_lines="17-18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 і вище" + + ```Python hl_lines="15-16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +## Тіло запиту + шлях + параметри запиту + +Ви також можете оголосити параметри **тіло**, **шлях** і **запит** одночасно. + +**FastAPI** розпізнає кожен з них і візьме дані з потрібного місця. + +=== "Python 3.8 і вище" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10 і вище" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +Параметри функції будуть розпізнаватися наступним чином: + +* Якщо параметр також оголошено в **шляху**, він використовуватиметься як параметр шляху. +* Якщо параметр має **сингулярний тип** (наприклад, `int`, `float`, `str`, `bool` тощо), він буде інтерпретуватися як параметр **запиту**. +* Якщо параметр оголошується як тип **Pydantic моделі**, він інтерпретується як **тіло** запиту. + +!!! note + FastAPI буде знати, що значення "q" не є обов'язковим через значення за замовчуванням "= None". + + `Optional` у `Optional[str]` не використовується FastAPI, але дозволить вашому редактору надати вам кращу підтримку та виявляти помилки. + +## Без Pydantic + +Якщо ви не хочете використовувати моделі Pydantic, ви також можете використовувати параметри **Body**. Перегляньте документацію для [Тіло – Кілька параметрів: сингулярні значення в тілі](body-multiple-params.md#singular-values-in-body){.internal-link target=_blank}. diff --git a/docs/uk/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md b/docs/uk/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..199b93839 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/uk/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +# Параметри Cookie + +Ви можете визначити параметри Cookie таким же чином, як визначаються параметри `Query` і `Path`. + +## Імпорт `Cookie` + +Спочатку імпортуйте `Cookie`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Бажано використовувати `Annotated` версію, якщо це можливо. + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Бажано використовувати `Annotated` версію, якщо це можливо. + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +## Визначення параметрів `Cookie` + +Потім визначте параметри cookie, використовуючи таку ж конструкцію як для `Path` і `Query`. + +Перше значення це значення за замовчуванням, ви можете також передати всі додаткові параметри валідації чи анотації: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Бажано використовувати `Annotated` версію, якщо це можливо. + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Бажано використовувати `Annotated` версію, якщо це можливо. + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +!!! note "Технічні Деталі" + `Cookie` це "сестра" класів `Path` і `Query`. Вони наслідуються від одного батьківського класу `Param`. + Але пам'ятайте, що коли ви імпортуєте `Query`, `Path`, `Cookie` та інше з `fastapi`, це фактично функції, що повертають спеціальні класи. + +!!! info + Для визначення cookies ви маєте використовувати `Cookie`, тому що в іншому випадку параметри будуть інтерпритовані, як параметри запиту. + +## Підсумки + +Визначайте cookies за допомогою `Cookie`, використовуючи той же спільний шаблон, що і `Query` та `Path`. diff --git a/docs/uk/docs/tutorial/encoder.md b/docs/uk/docs/tutorial/encoder.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b6583341f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/uk/docs/tutorial/encoder.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +# JSON Compatible Encoder + +Існують випадки, коли вам може знадобитися перетворити тип даних (наприклад, модель Pydantic) в щось сумісне з JSON (наприклад, `dict`, `list`, і т. д.). + +Наприклад, якщо вам потрібно зберегти це в базі даних. + +Для цього, **FastAPI** надає `jsonable_encoder()` функцію. + +## Використання `jsonable_encoder` + +Давайте уявимо, що у вас є база даних `fake_db`, яка приймає лише дані, сумісні з JSON. + +Наприклад, вона не приймає об'єкти типу `datetime`, оскільки вони не сумісні з JSON. + +Отже, об'єкт типу `datetime` потрібно перетворити в рядок `str`, який містить дані в ISO форматі. + +Тим самим способом ця база даних не прийматиме об'єкт типу Pydantic model (об'єкт з атрибутами), а лише `dict`. + +Ви можете використовувати `jsonable_encoder` для цього. + +Вона приймає об'єкт, такий як Pydantic model, і повертає його версію, сумісну з JSON: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="5 22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +У цьому прикладі вона конвертує Pydantic model у `dict`, а `datetime` у `str`. + +Результат виклику цієї функції - це щось, що можна кодувати з використанням стандарту Python `json.dumps()`. + +Вона не повертає велику строку `str`, яка містить дані у форматі JSON (як строка). Вона повертає стандартну структуру даних Python (наприклад `dict`) із значеннями та підзначеннями, які є сумісними з JSON. + +!!! Примітка + `jsonable_encoder` фактично використовується **FastAPI** внутрішньо для перетворення даних. Проте вона корисна в багатьох інших сценаріях. diff --git a/docs/uk/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md b/docs/uk/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec5ec0d18 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/uk/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md @@ -0,0 +1,130 @@ +# Додаткові типи даних + +До цього часу, ви використовували загальнопоширені типи даних, такі як: + +* `int` +* `float` +* `str` +* `bool` + +Але можна також використовувати більш складні типи даних. + +І ви все ще матимете ті ж можливості, які були показані до цього: + +* Чудова підтримка редактора. +* Конвертація даних з вхідних запитів. +* Конвертація даних для відповіді. +* Валідація даних. +* Автоматична анотація та документація. + +## Інші типи даних + +Ось додаткові типи даних для використання: + +* `UUID`: + * Стандартний "Універсальний Унікальний Ідентифікатор", який часто використовується як ідентифікатор у багатьох базах даних та системах. + * У запитах та відповідях буде представлений як `str`. +* `datetime.datetime`: + * Пайтонівський `datetime.datetime`. + * У запитах та відповідях буде представлений як `str` в форматі ISO 8601, як: `2008-09-15T15:53:00+05:00`. +* `datetime.date`: + * Пайтонівський `datetime.date`. + * У запитах та відповідях буде представлений як `str` в форматі ISO 8601, як: `2008-09-15`. +* `datetime.time`: + * Пайтонівський `datetime.time`. + * У запитах та відповідях буде представлений як `str` в форматі ISO 8601, як: `14:23:55.003`. +* `datetime.timedelta`: + * Пайтонівський `datetime.timedelta`. + * У запитах та відповідях буде представлений як `float` загальної кількості секунд. + * Pydantic також дозволяє представляти це як "ISO 8601 time diff encoding", більше інформації дивись у документації. +* `frozenset`: + * У запитах і відповідях це буде оброблено так само, як і `set`: + * У запитах список буде зчитано, дублікати будуть видалені та він буде перетворений на `set`. + * У відповідях, `set` буде перетворений на `list`. + * Згенерована схема буде вказувати, що значення `set` є унікальними (з використанням JSON Schema's `uniqueItems`). +* `bytes`: + * Стандартний Пайтонівський `bytes`. + * У запитах і відповідях це буде оброблено як `str`. + * Згенерована схема буде вказувати, що це `str` з "форматом" `binary`. +* `Decimal`: + * Стандартний Пайтонівський `Decimal`. + * У запитах і відповідях це буде оброблено так само, як і `float`. +* Ви можете перевірити всі дійсні типи даних Pydantic тут: типи даних Pydantic. + +## Приклад + +Ось приклад *path operation* з параметрами, використовуючи деякі з вищезазначених типів. + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 3 12-16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 3 12-16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 3 13-17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Бажано використовувати `Annotated` версію, якщо це можливо. + + ```Python hl_lines="1 2 11-15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Бажано використовувати `Annotated` версію, якщо це можливо. + + ```Python hl_lines="1 2 12-16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +Зверніть увагу, що параметри всередині функції мають свій звичайний тип даних, і ви можете, наприклад, виконувати звичайні маніпуляції з датами, такі як: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18-19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18-19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19-20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Бажано використовувати `Annotated` версію, якщо це можливо. + + ```Python hl_lines="17-18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Бажано використовувати `Annotated` версію, якщо це можливо. + + ```Python hl_lines="18-19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!} + ``` diff --git a/docs/uk/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/uk/docs/tutorial/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e5bae74bc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/uk/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +# Туторіал - Посібник користувача + +У цьому посібнику показано, як користуватися **FastAPI** з більшістю його функцій, крок за кроком. + +Кожен розділ поступово надбудовується на попередні, але він структурований на окремі теми, щоб ви могли перейти безпосередньо до будь-якої конкретної, щоб вирішити ваші конкретні потреби API. + +Він також створений як довідник для роботи у майбутньому. + +Тож ви можете повернутися і побачити саме те, що вам потрібно. + +## Запустіть код + +Усі блоки коду можна скопіювати та використовувати безпосередньо (це фактично перевірені файли Python). + +Щоб запустити будь-який із прикладів, скопіюйте код у файл `main.py` і запустіть `uvicorn` за допомогою: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +**ДУЖЕ радимо** написати або скопіювати код, відредагувати його та запустити локально. + +Використання його у своєму редакторі – це те, що дійсно показує вам переваги FastAPI, бачите, як мало коду вам потрібно написати, всі перевірки типів, автозаповнення тощо. + +--- + +## Встановлення FastAPI + +Першим кроком є встановлення FastAPI. + +Для туторіалу ви можете встановити його з усіма необов’язковими залежностями та функціями: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +...який також включає `uvicorn`, який ви можете використовувати як сервер, який запускає ваш код. + +!!! note + Ви також можете встановити його частина за частиною. + + Це те, що ви, ймовірно, зробили б, коли захочете розгорнути свою програму у виробничому середовищі: + + ``` + pip install fastapi + ``` + + Також встановіть `uvicorn`, щоб він працював як сервер: + + ``` + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + ``` + + І те саме для кожної з опціональних залежностей, які ви хочете використовувати. + +## Розширений посібник користувача + +Існує також **Розширений посібник користувача**, який ви зможете прочитати пізніше після цього **Туторіал - Посібник користувача**. + +**Розширений посібник користувача** засновано на цьому, використовує ті самі концепції та навчає вас деяким додатковим функціям. + +Але вам слід спочатку прочитати **Туторіал - Посібник користувача** (те, що ви зараз читаєте). + +Він розроблений таким чином, що ви можете створити повну програму лише за допомогою **Туторіал - Посібник користувача**, а потім розширити її різними способами, залежно від ваших потреб, використовуючи деякі з додаткових ідей з **Розширеного посібника користувача** . diff --git a/docs/uk/mkdocs.yml b/docs/uk/mkdocs.yml index 7f5785e3e..de18856f4 100644 --- a/docs/uk/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/uk/mkdocs.yml @@ -1,128 +1 @@ -site_name: FastAPI -site_description: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production -site_url: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/uk/ -theme: - name: material - custom_dir: overrides - palette: - - scheme: default - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb - name: Switch to light mode - - scheme: slate - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb-outline - name: Switch to dark mode - features: - - search.suggest - - search.highlight - - content.tabs.link - icon: - repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - logo: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/icon-white.svg - favicon: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png - language: uk -repo_name: tiangolo/fastapi -repo_url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi -edit_uri: '' -google_analytics: -- UA-133183413-1 -- auto -plugins: -- search -- markdownextradata: - data: data -nav: -- FastAPI: index.md -- Languages: - - en: / - - az: /az/ - - de: /de/ - - es: /es/ - - fr: /fr/ - - id: /id/ - - it: /it/ - - ja: /ja/ - - ko: /ko/ - - pl: /pl/ - - pt: /pt/ - - ru: /ru/ - - sq: /sq/ - - tr: /tr/ - - uk: /uk/ - - zh: /zh/ -markdown_extensions: -- toc: - permalink: true -- markdown.extensions.codehilite: - guess_lang: false -- mdx_include: - base_path: docs -- admonition -- codehilite -- extra -- pymdownx.superfences: - custom_fences: - - name: mermaid - class: mermaid - format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' -- pymdownx.tabbed -extra: - social: - - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/discord - link: https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf - - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter - link: https://twitter.com/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin - link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/dev - link: https://dev.to/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/medium - link: https://medium.com/@tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/solid/globe - link: https://tiangolo.com - alternate: - - link: / - name: en - English - - link: /az/ - name: az - - link: /de/ - name: de - - link: /es/ - name: es - español - - link: /fr/ - name: fr - français - - link: /id/ - name: id - - link: /it/ - name: it - italiano - - link: /ja/ - name: ja - 日本語 - - link: /ko/ - name: ko - 한국어 - - link: /pl/ - name: pl - - link: /pt/ - name: pt - português - - link: /ru/ - name: ru - русский язык - - link: /sq/ - name: sq - shqip - - link: /tr/ - name: tr - Türkçe - - link: /uk/ - name: uk - українська мова - - link: /zh/ - name: zh - 汉语 -extra_css: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/termynal.css -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/custom.css -extra_javascript: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/termynal.js -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/custom.js +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/ur/docs/benchmarks.md b/docs/ur/docs/benchmarks.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9fc793e6f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ur/docs/benchmarks.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +# بینچ مارکس + +انڈیپنڈنٹ ٹیک امپور بینچ مارک **FASTAPI** Uvicorn کے تحت چلنے والی ایپلی کیشنز کو ایک تیز رفتار Python فریم ورک میں سے ایک ، صرف Starlette اور Uvicorn کے نیچے ( FASTAPI کے ذریعہ اندرونی طور پر استعمال کیا جاتا ہے ) (*) + +لیکن جب بینچ مارک اور موازنہ کی جانچ پڑتال کرتے ہو تو آپ کو مندرجہ ذیل بات ذہن میں رکھنی چاہئے. + +## بینچ مارک اور رفتار + +جب آپ بینچ مارک کی جانچ کرتے ہیں تو ، مساوی کے مقابلے میں مختلف اقسام کے متعدد اوزار دیکھنا عام ہے. + +خاص طور پر ، Uvicorn, Starlette اور FastAPI کو دیکھنے کے لئے ( بہت سے دوسرے ٹولز ) کے ساتھ موازنہ کیا گیا. + +ٹول کے ذریعہ حل ہونے والا آسان مسئلہ ، اس کی بہتر کارکردگی ہوگی. اور زیادہ تر بینچ مارک ٹول کے ذریعہ فراہم کردہ اضافی خصوصیات کی جانچ نہیں کرتے ہیں. + +درجہ بندی کی طرح ہے: + +
    +
  • ASGI :Uvicorn سرور
    • +
      +
    • Starlette: (Uvicorn استعمال کرتا ہے) ایک ویب مائیکرو فریم ورک
      • +
        +
      • FastAPI: (Starlette کا استعمال کرتا ہے) ایک API مائکرو فریم ورک جس میں APIs بنانے کے لیے کئی اضافی خصوصیات ہیں، ڈیٹا کی توثیق وغیرہ کے ساتھ۔
        • +
      +
    +
+ +
    +
  • Uvicorn:
    • +
      +
    • بہترین کارکردگی ہوگی، کیونکہ اس میں سرور کے علاوہ زیادہ اضافی کوڈ نہیں ہے۔
      • +
    • آپ براہ راست Uvicorn میں درخواست نہیں لکھیں گے۔ اس کا مطلب یہ ہوگا کہ آپ کے کوڈ میں کم و بیش، کم از کم، Starlette (یا FastAPI) کی طرف سے فراہم کردہ تمام کوڈ شامل کرنا ہوں گے۔ اور اگر آپ نے ایسا کیا تو، آپ کی حتمی ایپلیکیشن کا وہی اوور ہیڈ ہوگا جیسا کہ ایک فریم ورک استعمال کرنے اور آپ کے ایپ کوڈ اور کیڑے کو کم سے کم کرنا۔
      • +
    • اگر آپ Uvicorn کا موازنہ کر رہے ہیں تو اس کا موازنہ Daphne، Hypercorn، uWSGI وغیرہ ایپلیکیشن سرورز سے کریں۔
      • +
    +
+
    +
  • Starlette:
    • +
      +
    • Uvicorn کے بعد اگلی بہترین کارکردگی ہوگی۔ درحقیقت، Starlette چلانے کے لیے Uvicorn کا استعمال کرتی ہے۔ لہذا، یہ شاید زیادہ کوڈ پر عمل درآمد کرکے Uvicorn سے "سست" ہوسکتا ہے۔
      • +
    • لیکن یہ آپ کو آسان ویب ایپلیکیشنز بنانے کے لیے ٹولز فراہم کرتا ہے، راستوں پر مبنی روٹنگ کے ساتھ، وغیرہ۔
      • +
    • اگر آپ سٹارلیٹ کا موازنہ کر رہے ہیں تو اس کا موازنہ Sanic، Flask، Django وغیرہ سے کریں۔ ویب فریم ورکس (یا مائیکرو فریم ورکس)
      • +
    +
+
    +
  • FastAPI:
    • +
      +
    • جس طرح سے Uvicorn Starlette کا استعمال کرتا ہے اور اس سے تیز نہیں ہو سکتا، Starlette FastAPI کا استعمال کرتا ہے، اس لیے یہ اس سے تیز نہیں ہو سکتا۔
      • +
    • Starlette FastAPI کے اوپری حصے میں مزید خصوصیات فراہم کرتا ہے۔ وہ خصوصیات جن کی آپ کو APIs بناتے وقت تقریباً ہمیشہ ضرورت ہوتی ہے، جیسے ڈیٹا کی توثیق اور سیریلائزیشن۔ اور اسے استعمال کرنے سے، آپ کو خودکار دستاویزات مفت میں مل جاتی ہیں (خودکار دستاویزات چلنے والی ایپلی کیشنز میں اوور ہیڈ کو بھی شامل نہیں کرتی ہیں، یہ اسٹارٹ اپ پر تیار ہوتی ہیں)۔
      • +
    • اگر آپ نے FastAPI کا استعمال نہیں کیا ہے اور Starlette کو براہ راست استعمال کیا ہے (یا کوئی دوسرا ٹول، جیسے Sanic، Flask، Responder، وغیرہ) آپ کو تمام ڈیٹا کی توثیق اور سیریلائزیشن کو خود نافذ کرنا ہوگا۔ لہذا، آپ کی حتمی ایپلیکیشن اب بھی وہی اوور ہیڈ ہوگی جیسا کہ اسے FastAPI کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے بنایا گیا تھا۔ اور بہت سے معاملات میں، یہ ڈیٹا کی توثیق اور سیریلائزیشن ایپلی کیشنز میں لکھے گئے کوڈ کی سب سے بڑی مقدار ہے۔
      • +
    • لہذا، FastAPI کا استعمال کرکے آپ ترقیاتی وقت، Bugs، کوڈ کی لائنوں کی بچت کر رہے ہیں، اور شاید آپ کو وہی کارکردگی (یا بہتر) ملے گی اگر آپ اسے استعمال نہیں کرتے (جیسا کہ آپ کو یہ سب اپنے کوڈ میں لاگو کرنا ہوگا۔ )
      • +
    • اگر آپ FastAPI کا موازنہ کر رہے ہیں، تو اس کا موازنہ ویب ایپلیکیشن فریم ورک (یا ٹولز کے سیٹ) سے کریں جو ڈیٹا کی توثیق، سیریلائزیشن اور دستاویزات فراہم کرتا ہے، جیسے Flask-apispec، NestJS، Molten، وغیرہ۔ مربوط خودکار ڈیٹا کی توثیق، سیریلائزیشن اور دستاویزات کے ساتھ فریم ورک۔
      • +
    +
diff --git a/docs/ur/mkdocs.yml b/docs/ur/mkdocs.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de18856f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/ur/mkdocs.yml @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/vi/docs/features.md b/docs/vi/docs/features.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..306aeb359 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/vi/docs/features.md @@ -0,0 +1,197 @@ +# Tính năng + +## Tính năng của FastAPI + +**FastAPI** cho bạn những tính năng sau: + +### Dựa trên những tiêu chuẩn mở + +* OpenAPI cho việc tạo API, bao gồm những khai báo về đường dẫn các toán tử, tham số, body requests, cơ chế bảo mật, etc. +* Tự động tài liệu hóa data model theo JSON Schema (OpenAPI bản thân nó được dựa trên JSON Schema). +* Được thiết kế xung quanh các tiêu chuẩn này sau khi nghiên cứu tỉ mỉ thay vì chỉ suy nghĩ đơn giản và sơ xài. +* Điều này cho phép tự động hóa **trình sinh code client** cho nhiều ngôn ngữ lập trình khác nhau. + +### Tự động hóa tài liệu + + +Tài liệu tương tác API và web giao diện người dùng. Là một framework được dựa trên OpenAPI do đó có nhiều tùy chọn giao diện cho tài liệu API, 2 giao diện bên dưới là mặc định. + +* Swagger UI, với giao diện khám phá, gọi và kiểm thử API trực tiếp từ trình duyệt. + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) + +* Thay thế với tài liệu API với ReDoc. + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) + +### Chỉ cần phiên bản Python hiện đại + +Tất cả được dựa trên khai báo kiểu dữ liệu chuẩn của **Python 3.8** (cảm ơn Pydantic). Bạn không cần học cú pháp mới, chỉ cần biết chuẩn Python hiện đại. + +Nếu bạn cần 2 phút để làm mới lại cách sử dụng các kiểu dữ liệu mới của Python (thậm chí nếu bạn không sử dụng FastAPI), xem hướng dẫn ngắn: [Kiểu dữ liệu Python](python-types.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Bạn viết chuẩn Python với kiểu dữ liệu như sau: + +```Python +from datetime import date + +from pydantic import BaseModel + +# Declare a variable as a str +# and get editor support inside the function +def main(user_id: str): + return user_id + + +# A Pydantic model +class User(BaseModel): + id: int + name: str + joined: date +``` + +Sau đó có thể được sử dụng: + +```Python +my_user: User = User(id=3, name="John Doe", joined="2018-07-19") + +second_user_data = { + "id": 4, + "name": "Mary", + "joined": "2018-11-30", +} + +my_second_user: User = User(**second_user_data) +``` + +!!! info + `**second_user_data` nghĩa là: + + Truyền các khóa và giá trị của dict `second_user_data` trực tiếp như các tham số kiểu key-value, tương đương với: `User(id=4, name="Mary", joined="2018-11-30")` + +### Được hỗ trợ từ các trình soạn thảo + + +Toàn bộ framework được thiết kế để sử dụng dễ dàng và trực quan, toàn bộ quyết định đã được kiểm thử trên nhiều trình soạn thảo thậm chí trước khi bắt đầu quá trình phát triển, để chắc chắn trải nghiệm phát triển là tốt nhất. + +Trong lần khảo sát cuối cùng dành cho các lập trình viên Python, đã rõ ràng rằng đa số các lập trình viên sử dụng tính năng "autocompletion". + +Toàn bộ framework "FastAPI" phải đảm bảo rằng: autocompletion hoạt động ở mọi nơi. Bạn sẽ hiếm khi cần quay lại để đọc tài liệu. + +Đây là các trình soạn thảo có thể giúp bạn: + +* trong Visual Studio Code: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) + +* trong PyCharm: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/pycharm-completion.png) + +Bạn sẽ có được auto-completion trong code, thậm chí trước đó là không thể. Như trong ví dụ, khóa `price` bên trong một JSON (đó có thể được lồng nhau) đến từ một request. + +Không còn nhập sai tên khóa, quay đi quay lại giữa các tài liệu hoặc cuộn lên cuộn xuống để tìm xem cuối cùng bạn đã sử dụng `username` hay `user_name`. + +### Ngắn gọn + +FastAPI có các giá trị mặc định hợp lý cho mọi thứ, với các cấu hình tùy chọn ở mọi nơi. Tất cả các tham số có thể được tinh chỉnh để thực hiện những gì bạn cần và để định nghĩa API bạn cần. + +Nhưng mặc định, tất cả **đều hoạt động**. + +### Validation + +* Validation cho đa số (hoặc tất cả?) **các kiểu dữ liệu** Python, bao gồm: + * JSON objects (`dict`). + * Mảng JSON (`list`) định nghĩa kiểu dữ liệu từng phần tử. + * Xâu (`str`), định nghĩa độ dài lớn nhất, nhỏ nhất. + * Số (`int`, `float`) với các giá trị lớn nhất, nhỏ nhất, etc. + +* Validation cho nhiều kiểu dữ liệu bên ngoài như: + * URL. + * Email. + * UUID. + * ...và nhiều cái khác. + +Tất cả validation được xử lí bằng những thiết lập tốt và mạnh mẽ của **Pydantic**. + +### Bảo mật và xác thực + +Bảo mật và xác thực đã tích hợp mà không làm tổn hại tới cơ sở dữ liệu hoặc data models. + +Tất cả cơ chế bảo mật định nghĩa trong OpenAPI, bao gồm: + +* HTTP Basic. +* **OAuth2** (với **JWT tokens**). Xem hướng dẫn [OAuth2 with JWT](tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. +* API keys in: + * Headers. + * Các tham số trong query string. + * Cookies, etc. + +Cộng với tất cả các tính năng bảo mật từ Starlette (bao gồm **session cookies**). + +Tất cả được xây dựng dưới dạng các công cụ và thành phần có thể tái sử dụng, dễ dàng tích hợp với hệ thống, kho lưu trữ dữ liệu, cơ sở dữ liệu quan hệ và NoSQL của bạn,... + +### Dependency Injection + +FastAPI bao gồm một hệ thống Dependency Injection vô cùng dễ sử dụng nhưng vô cùng mạnh mẽ. + +* Thậm chí, các dependency có thể có các dependency khác, tạo thành một phân cấp hoặc **"một đồ thị" của các dependency**. +* Tất cả **được xử lí tự động** bởi framework. +* Tất cả các dependency có thể yêu cầu dữ liệu từ request và **tăng cường các ràng buộc từ đường dẫn** và tự động tài liệu hóa. +* **Tự động hóa validation**, thậm chí với các tham số *đường dẫn* định nghĩa trong các dependency. +* Hỗ trợ hệ thống xác thực người dùng phức tạp, **các kết nối cơ sở dữ liệu**,... +* **Không làm tổn hại** cơ sở dữ liệu, frontends,... Nhưng dễ dàng tích hợp với tất cả chúng. + +### Không giới hạn "plug-ins" + +Hoặc theo một cách nào khác, không cần chúng, import và sử dụng code bạn cần. + +Bất kì tích hợp nào được thiết kế để sử dụng đơn giản (với các dependency), đến nỗi bạn có thể tạo một "plug-in" cho ứng dụng của mình trong 2 dòng code bằng cách sử dụng cùng một cấu trúc và cú pháp được sử dụng cho *path operations* của bạn. + +### Đã được kiểm thử + +* 100% test coverage. +* 100% type annotated code base. +* Được sử dụng cho các ứng dụng sản phẩm. + +## Tính năng của Starlette + +`FastAPI` is thực sự là một sub-class của `Starlette`. Do đó, nếu bạn đã biết hoặc đã sử dụng Starlette, đa số các chức năng sẽ làm việc giống như vậy. + +Với **FastAPI**, bạn có được tất cả những tính năng của **Starlette**: + +* Hiệu năng thực sự ấn tượng. Nó là một trong nhưng framework Python nhanh nhất, khi so sánh với **NodeJS** và **Go**. +* Hỗ trợ **WebSocket**. +* In-process background tasks. +* Startup and shutdown events. +* Client cho kiểm thử xây dựng trên HTTPX. +* **CORS**, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses. +* Hỗ trợ **Session and Cookie**. +* 100% test coverage. +* 100% type annotated codebase. + +## Tính năng của Pydantic + +**FastAPI** tương thích đầy đủ với (và dựa trên) Pydantic. Do đó, bất kì code Pydantic nào bạn thêm vào cũng sẽ hoạt động. + +Bao gồm các thư viện bên ngoài cũng dựa trên Pydantic, như ORMs, ODMs cho cơ sở dữ liệu. + +Nó cũng có nghĩa là trong nhiều trường hợp, bạn có thể truyền cùng object bạn có từ một request **trực tiếp cho cơ sở dữ liệu**, vì mọi thứ được validate tự động. + +Điều tương tự áp dụng cho các cách khác nhau, trong nhiều trường hợp, bạn có thể chỉ truyền object từ cơ sở dữ liêu **trực tiếp tới client**. + +Với **FastAPI**, bạn có tất cả những tính năng của **Pydantic** (FastAPI dựa trên Pydantic cho tất cả những xử lí về dữ liệu): + +* **Không gây rối não**: + * Không cần học ngôn ngữ mô tả cấu trúc mới. + * Nếu bạn biết kiểu dữ liệu Python, bạn biết cách sử dụng Pydantic. +* Sử dụng tốt với **IDE/linter/não của bạn**: + + * Bởi vì các cấu trúc dữ liệu của Pydantic chỉ là các instances của class bạn định nghĩa; auto-completion, linting, mypy và trực giác của bạn nên làm việc riêng biệt với những dữ liệu mà bạn đã validate. +* Validate **các cấu trúc phức tạp**: + * Sử dụng các models Pydantic phân tầng, `List` và `Dict` của Python `typing`,... + * Và các validators cho phép các cấu trúc dữ liệu phức tạp trở nên rõ ràng và dễ dàng để định nghĩa, kiểm tra và tài liệu hóa thành JSON Schema. + * Bạn có thể có các object **JSON lồng nhau** và tất cả chúng đã validate và annotated. +* **Có khả năng mở rộng**: + * Pydantic cho phép bạn tùy chỉnh kiểu dữ liệu bằng việc định nghĩa hoặc bạn có thể mở rộng validation với các decorator trong model. +* 100% test coverage. diff --git a/docs/vi/docs/index.md b/docs/vi/docs/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3f416dbec --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/vi/docs/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,472 @@ +

+ FastAPI +

+

+ FastAPI framework, hiệu năng cao, dễ học, dễ code, sẵn sàng để tạo ra sản phẩm +

+

+ + Test + + + Coverage + + + Package version + + + Supported Python versions + +

+ +--- + +**Tài liệu**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com + +**Mã nguồn**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi + +--- + +FastAPI là một web framework hiện đại, hiệu năng cao để xây dựng web APIs với Python 3.8+ dựa trên tiêu chuẩn Python type hints. + +Những tính năng như: + +* **Nhanh**: Hiệu năng rất cao khi so sánh với **NodeJS** và **Go** (cảm ơn Starlette và Pydantic). [Một trong những Python framework nhanh nhất](#performance). +* **Code nhanh**: Tăng tốc độ phát triển tính năng từ 200% tới 300%. * +* **Ít lỗi hơn**: Giảm khoảng 40% những lỗi phát sinh bởi con người (nhà phát triển). * +* **Trực giác tốt hơn**: Được các trình soạn thảo hỗ tuyệt vời. Completion mọi nơi. Ít thời gian gỡ lỗi. +* **Dễ dàng**: Được thiết kế để dễ dàng học và sử dụng. Ít thời gian đọc tài liệu. +* **Ngắn**: Tối thiểu code bị trùng lặp. Nhiều tính năng được tích hợp khi định nghĩa tham số. Ít lỗi hơn. +* **Tăng tốc**: Có được sản phẩm cùng với tài liệu (được tự động tạo) có thể tương tác. +* **Được dựa trên các tiêu chuẩn**: Dựa trên (và hoàn toàn tương thích với) các tiêu chuẩn mở cho APIs : OpenAPI (trước đó được biết đến là Swagger) và JSON Schema. + +* ước tính được dựa trên những kiểm chứng trong nhóm phát triển nội bộ, xây dựng các ứng dụng sản phẩm. + +## Nhà tài trợ + + + +{% if sponsors %} +{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%} + +{% endfor -%} +{%- for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%} + +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + + + +Những nhà tài trợ khác + +## Ý kiến đánh giá + +"_[...] Tôi đang sử dụng **FastAPI** vô cùng nhiều vào những ngày này. [...] Tôi thực sự đang lên kế hoạch sử dụng nó cho tất cả các nhóm **dịch vụ ML tại Microsoft**. Một vài trong số đó đang tích hợp vào sản phẩm lõi của **Window** và một vài sản phẩm cho **Office**._" + +
Kabir Khan - Microsoft (ref)
+ +--- + +"_Chúng tôi tích hợp thư viện **FastAPI** để sinh ra một **REST** server, nó có thể được truy vấn để thu được những **dự đoán**._ [bởi Ludwid] " + +
Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, và Sai Sumanth Miryala - Uber (ref)
+ +--- + +"_**Netflix** vui mừng thông báo việc phát hành framework mã nguồn mở của chúng tôi cho *quản lí khủng hoảng* tập trung: **Dispatch**! [xây dựng với **FastAPI**]_" + +
Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - Netflix (ref)
+ +--- + +"_Tôi vô cùng hào hứng về **FastAPI**. Nó rất thú vị_" + +
Brian Okken - Python Bytes podcast host (ref)
+ +--- + +"_Thành thật, những gì bạn đã xây dựng nhìn siêu chắc chắn và bóng bẩy. Theo nhiều cách, nó là những gì tôi đã muốn Hug trở thành - thật sự truyền cảm hứng để thấy ai đó xây dựng nó._" + +
Timothy Crosley - người tạo ra Hug (ref)
+ +--- + +"_Nếu bạn đang tìm kiếm một **framework hiện đại** để xây dựng một REST APIs, thử xem xét **FastAPI** [...] Nó nhanh, dễ dùng và dễ học [...]_" + +"_Chúng tôi đã chuyển qua **FastAPI cho **APIs** của chúng tôi [...] Tôi nghĩ bạn sẽ thích nó [...]_" + +
Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - Explosion AI founders - spaCy creators (ref) - (ref)
+
Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - nhà sáng lập Explosion AI - người tạo ra spaCy (ref) - (ref)
+ +--- + +"_Nếu ai đó đang tìm cách xây dựng sản phẩm API bằng Python, tôi sẽ đề xuất **FastAPI**. Nó **được thiết kế đẹp đẽ**, **sử dụng đơn giản** và **có khả năng mở rộng cao**, nó đã trở thành một **thành phần quan trọng** trong chiến lược phát triển API của chúng tôi và đang thúc đẩy nhiều dịch vụ và mảng tự động hóa như Kỹ sư TAC ảo của chúng tôi._" + +
Deon Pillsbury - Cisco (ref)
+ +--- + +## **Typer**, giao diện dòng lệnh của FastAPI + + + +Nếu bạn đang xây dựng một CLI - ứng dụng được sử dụng trong giao diện dòng lệnh, xem về **Typer**. + +**Typer** là một người anh em của FastAPI. Và nó được dự định trở thành **giao diện dòng lệnh cho FastAPI**. ⌨️ 🚀 + +## Yêu cầu + +Python 3.8+ + +FastAPI đứng trên vai những người khổng lồ: + +* Starlette cho phần web. +* Pydantic cho phần data. + +## Cài đặt + +
+ +```console +$ pip install fastapi + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +Bạn cũng sẽ cần một ASGI server cho production như Uvicorn hoặc Hypercorn. + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +## Ví dụ + +### Khởi tạo + +* Tạo một tệp tin `main.py` như sau: + +```Python +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +
+Hoặc sử dụng async def... + +Nếu code của bạn sử dụng `async` / `await`, hãy sử dụng `async def`: + +```Python hl_lines="9 14" +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +async def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +**Lưu ý**: + +Nếu bạn không biết, xem phần _"In a hurry?"_ về `async` và `await` trong tài liệu này. + +
+ +### Chạy ứng dụng + +Chạy server như sau: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +
+Về lệnh uvicorn main:app --reload... + +Lệnh `uvicorn main:app` tham chiếu tới những thành phần sau: + +* `main`: tệp tin `main.py` (một Python "module"). +* `app`: object được tạo trong tệp tin `main.py` tại dòng `app = FastAPI()`. +* `--reload`: chạy lại server sau khi code thay đổi. Chỉ sử dụng trong quá trình phát triển. + +
+ +### Kiểm tra + +Mở trình duyệt của bạn tại http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. + +Bạn sẽ thấy một JSON response: + +```JSON +{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} +``` + +Bạn đã sẵn sàng để tạo một API như sau: + +* Nhận HTTP request với _đường dẫn_ `/` và `/items/{item_id}`. +* Cả hai _đường dẫn_ sử dụng toán tử `GET` (cũng đươc biết đến là _phương thức_ HTTP). +* _Đường dẫn_ `/items/{item_id}` có một _tham số đường dẫn_ `item_id`, nó là một tham số kiểu `int`. +* _Đường dẫn_ `/items/{item_id}` có một _tham số query string_ `q`, nó là một tham số tùy chọn kiểu `str`. + +### Tài liệu tương tác API + +Truy cập http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +Bạn sẽ thấy tài liệu tương tác API được tạo tự động (cung cấp bởi Swagger UI): + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +### Tài liệu API thay thế + +Và bây giờ, hãy truy cập tới http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. + +Bạn sẽ thấy tài liệu được thay thế (cung cấp bởi ReDoc): + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +## Nâng cấp ví dụ + +Bây giờ sửa tệp tin `main.py` để nhận body từ một request `PUT`. + +Định nghĩa của body sử dụng kiểu dữ liệu chuẩn của Python, cảm ơn Pydantic. + +```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + price: float + is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} +``` + +Server nên tự động chạy lại (bởi vì bạn đã thêm `--reload` trong lệnh `uvicorn` ở trên). + +### Nâng cấp tài liệu API + +Bây giờ truy cập tới http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +* Tài liệu API sẽ được tự động cập nhật, bao gồm body mới: + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) + +* Click vào nút "Try it out", nó cho phép bạn điền những tham số và tương tác trực tiếp với API: + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) + +* Sau khi click vào nút "Execute", giao diện người dùng sẽ giao tiếp với API của bạn bao gồm: gửi các tham số, lấy kết quả và hiển thị chúng trên màn hình: + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) + +### Nâng cấp tài liệu API thay thế + +Và bây giờ truy cập tới http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. + +* Tài liệu thay thế cũng sẽ phản ánh tham số và body mới: + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) + +### Tóm lại + +Bạn khai báo **một lần** kiểu dữ liệu của các tham số, body, etc là các tham số của hàm số. + +Bạn định nghĩa bằng cách sử dụng các kiểu dữ liệu chuẩn của Python. + +Bạn không phải học một cú pháp mới, các phương thức và class của một thư viện cụ thể nào. + +Chỉ cần sử dụng các chuẩn của **Python 3.8+**. + +Ví dụ, với một tham số kiểu `int`: + +```Python +item_id: int +``` + +hoặc với một model `Item` phức tạp hơn: + +```Python +item: Item +``` + +...và với định nghĩa đơn giản đó, bạn có được: + +* Sự hỗ trợ từ các trình soạn thảo, bao gồm: + * Completion. + * Kiểm tra kiểu dữ liệu. +* Kiểm tra kiểu dữ liệu: + * Tự động sinh lỗi rõ ràng khi dữ liệu không hợp lệ . + * Kiểm tra JSON lồng nhau . +* Chuyển đổi dữ liệu đầu vào: tới từ network sang dữ liệu kiểu Python. Đọc từ: + * JSON. + * Các tham số trong đường dẫn. + * Các tham số trong query string. + * Cookies. + * Headers. + * Forms. + * Files. +* Chuyển đổi dữ liệu đầu ra: chuyển đổi từ kiểu dữ liệu Python sang dữ liệu network (như JSON): + * Chuyển đổi kiểu dữ liệu Python (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`,...). + * `datetime` objects. + * `UUID` objects. + * Database models. + * ...và nhiều hơn thế. +* Tự động tạo tài liệu tương tác API, bao gồm 2 giao diện người dùng: + * Swagger UI. + * ReDoc. + +--- + +Quay trở lại ví dụ trước, **FastAPI** sẽ thực hiện: + +* Kiểm tra xem có một `item_id` trong đường dẫn với các request `GET` và `PUT` không? +* Kiểm tra xem `item_id` có phải là kiểu `int` trong các request `GET` và `PUT` không? + * Nếu không, client sẽ thấy một lỗi rõ ràng và hữu ích. +* Kiểm tra xem nếu có một tham số `q` trong query string (ví dụ như `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) cho request `GET`. + * Tham số `q` được định nghĩa `= None`, nó là tùy chọn. + * Nếu không phải `None`, nó là bắt buộc (như body trong trường hợp của `PUT`). +* Với request `PUT` tới `/items/{item_id}`, đọc body như JSON: + * Kiểm tra xem nó có một thuộc tính bắt buộc kiểu `str` là `name` không? + * Kiểm tra xem nó có một thuộc tính bắt buộc kiểu `float` là `price` không? + * Kiểm tra xem nó có một thuộc tính tùy chọn là `is_offer` không? Nếu có, nó phải có kiểu `bool`. + * Tất cả những kiểm tra này cũng được áp dụng với các JSON lồng nhau. +* Chuyển đổi tự động các JSON object đến và JSON object đi. +* Tài liệu hóa mọi thứ với OpenAPI, tài liệu đó có thể được sử dụng bởi: + + * Các hệ thống tài liệu có thể tương tác. + * Hệ thống sinh code tự động, cho nhiều ngôn ngữ lập trình. +* Cung cấp trực tiếp 2 giao diện web cho tài liệu tương tác + +--- + +Chúng tôi chỉ trình bày những thứ cơ bản bên ngoài, nhưng bạn đã hiểu cách thức hoạt động của nó. + +Thử thay đổi dòng này: + +```Python + return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} +``` + +...từ: + +```Python + ... "item_name": item.name ... +``` + +...sang: + +```Python + ... "item_price": item.price ... +``` + +...và thấy trình soạn thảo của bạn nhận biết kiểu dữ liệu và gợi ý hoàn thiện các thuộc tính. + +![trình soạn thảo hỗ trợ](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) + +Ví dụ hoàn chỉnh bao gồm nhiều tính năng hơn, xem Tutorial - User Guide. + + +**Cảnh báo tiết lỗ**: Tutorial - User Guide: + +* Định nghĩa **tham số** từ các nguồn khác nhau như: **headers**, **cookies**, **form fields** và **files**. +* Cách thiết lập **các ràng buộc cho validation** như `maximum_length` hoặc `regex`. +* Một hệ thống **Dependency Injection vô cùng mạnh mẽ và dễ dàng sử dụng. +* Bảo mật và xác thực, hỗ trợ **OAuth2**(với **JWT tokens**) và **HTTP Basic**. +* Những kĩ thuật nâng cao hơn (nhưng tương đối dễ) để định nghĩa **JSON models lồng nhau** (cảm ơn Pydantic). +* Tích hợp **GraphQL** với Strawberry và các thư viện khác. +* Nhiều tính năng mở rộng (cảm ơn Starlette) như: + * **WebSockets** + * kiểm thử vô cùng dễ dàng dựa trên HTTPX và `pytest` + * **CORS** + * **Cookie Sessions** + * ...và nhiều hơn thế. + +## Hiệu năng + +Independent TechEmpower benchmarks cho thấy các ứng dụng **FastAPI** chạy dưới Uvicorn là một trong những Python framework nhanh nhất, chỉ đứng sau Starlette và Uvicorn (được sử dụng bên trong FastAPI). (*) + +Để hiểu rõ hơn, xem phần Benchmarks. + +## Các dependency tùy chọn + +Sử dụng bởi Pydantic: + +* ujson - "Parse" JSON nhanh hơn. +* email_validator - cho email validation. + +Sử dụng Starlette: + +* httpx - Bắt buộc nếu bạn muốn sử dụng `TestClient`. +* jinja2 - Bắt buộc nếu bạn muốn sử dụng cấu hình template engine mặc định. +* python-multipart - Bắt buộc nếu bạn muốn hỗ trợ "parsing", form với `request.form()`. +* itsdangerous - Bắt buộc để hỗ trợ `SessionMiddleware`. +* pyyaml - Bắt buộc để hỗ trợ `SchemaGenerator` cho Starlette (bạn có thể không cần nó trong FastAPI). +* ujson - Bắt buộc nếu bạn muốn sử dụng `UJSONResponse`. + +Sử dụng bởi FastAPI / Starlette: + +* uvicorn - Server để chạy ứng dụng của bạn. +* orjson - Bắt buộc nếu bạn muốn sử dụng `ORJSONResponse`. + +Bạn có thể cài đặt tất cả những dependency trên với `pip install "fastapi[all]"`. + +## Giấy phép + +Dự án này được cấp phép dưới những điều lệ của giấy phép MIT. diff --git a/docs/vi/docs/python-types.md b/docs/vi/docs/python-types.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4999caac3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/vi/docs/python-types.md @@ -0,0 +1,545 @@ +# Giới thiệu kiểu dữ liệu Python + +Python hỗ trợ tùy chọn "type hints" (còn được gọi là "type annotations"). + +Những **"type hints"** hay chú thích là một cú pháp đặc biệt cho phép khai báo kiểu dữ liệu của một biến. + +Bằng việc khai báo kiểu dữ liệu cho các biến của bạn, các trình soạn thảo và các công cụ có thể hỗ trợ bạn tốt hơn. + +Đây chỉ là một **hướng dẫn nhanh** về gợi ý kiểu dữ liệu trong Python. Nó chỉ bao gồm những điều cần thiết tối thiểu để sử dụng chúng với **FastAPI**... đó thực sự là rất ít. + +**FastAPI** hoàn toàn được dựa trên những gợi ý kiểu dữ liệu, chúng mang đến nhiều ưu điểm và lợi ích. + +Nhưng thậm chí nếu bạn không bao giờ sử dụng **FastAPI**, bạn sẽ được lợi từ việc học một ít về chúng. + +!!! note + Nếu bạn là một chuyên gia về Python, và bạn đã biết mọi thứ về gợi ý kiểu dữ liệu, bỏ qua và đi tới chương tiếp theo. + +## Động lực + +Hãy bắt đầu với một ví dụ đơn giản: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Kết quả khi gọi chương trình này: + +``` +John Doe +``` + +Hàm thực hiện như sau: + +* Lấy một `first_name` và `last_name`. +* Chuyển đổi kí tự đầu tiên của mỗi biến sang kiểu chữ hoa với `title()`. +* Nối chúng lại với nhau bằng một kí tự trắng ở giữa. + +```Python hl_lines="2" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### Sửa đổi + +Nó là một chương trình rất đơn giản. + +Nhưng bây giờ hình dung rằng bạn đang viết nó từ đầu. + +Tại một vài thời điểm, bạn sẽ bắt đầu định nghĩa hàm, bạn có các tham số... + +Nhưng sau đó bạn phải gọi "phương thức chuyển đổi kí tự đầu tiên sang kiểu chữ hoa". + +Có phải là `upper`? Có phải là `uppercase`? `first_uppercase`? `capitalize`? + +Sau đó, bạn thử hỏi người bạn cũ của mình, autocompletion của trình soạn thảo. + +Bạn gõ tham số đầu tiên của hàm, `first_name`, sau đó một dấu chấm (`.`) và sau đó ấn `Ctrl+Space` để kích hoạt bộ hoàn thành. + +Nhưng đáng buồn, bạn không nhận được điều gì hữu ích cả: + + + +### Thêm kiểu dữ liệu + +Hãy sửa một dòng từ phiên bản trước. + +Chúng ta sẽ thay đổi chính xác đoạn này, tham số của hàm, từ: + +```Python + first_name, last_name +``` + +sang: + +```Python + first_name: str, last_name: str +``` + +Chính là nó. + +Những thứ đó là "type hints": + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +Đó không giống như khai báo những giá trị mặc định giống như: + +```Python + first_name="john", last_name="doe" +``` + +Nó là một thứ khác. + +Chúng ta sử dụng dấu hai chấm (`:`), không phải dấu bằng (`=`). + +Và việc thêm gợi ý kiểu dữ liệu không làm thay đổi những gì xảy ra so với khi chưa thêm chúng. + +But now, imagine you are again in the middle of creating that function, but with type hints. + +Tại cùng một điểm, bạn thử kích hoạt autocomplete với `Ctrl+Space` và bạn thấy: + + + +Với cái đó, bạn có thể cuộn, nhìn thấy các lựa chọn, cho đến khi bạn tìm thấy một "tiếng chuông": + + + +## Động lực nhiều hơn + +Kiểm tra hàm này, nó đã có gợi ý kiểu dữ liệu: + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +Bởi vì trình soạn thảo biết kiểu dữ liệu của các biến, bạn không chỉ có được completion, bạn cũng được kiểm tra lỗi: + + + +Bây giờ bạn biết rằng bạn phải sửa nó, chuyển `age` sang một xâu với `str(age)`: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +## Khai báo các kiểu dữ liệu + +Bạn mới chỉ nhìn thấy những nơi chủ yếu để đặt khai báo kiểu dữ liệu. Như là các tham số của hàm. + +Đây cũng là nơi chủ yếu để bạn sử dụng chúng với **FastAPI**. + +### Kiểu dữ liệu đơn giản + +Bạn có thể khai báo tất cả các kiểu dữ liệu chuẩn của Python, không chỉ là `str`. + +Bạn có thể sử dụng, ví dụ: + +* `int` +* `float` +* `bool` +* `bytes` + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +### Các kiểu dữ liệu tổng quát với tham số kiểu dữ liệu + +Có một vài cấu trúc dữ liệu có thể chứa các giá trị khác nhau như `dict`, `list`, `set` và `tuple`. Và những giá trị nội tại cũng có thể có kiểu dữ liệu của chúng. + +Những kiểu dữ liệu nội bộ này được gọi là những kiểu dữ liệu "**tổng quát**". Và có khả năng khai báo chúng, thậm chí với các kiểu dữ liệu nội bộ của chúng. + +Để khai báo những kiểu dữ liệu và những kiểu dữ liệu nội bộ đó, bạn có thể sử dụng mô đun chuẩn của Python là `typing`. Nó có hỗ trợ những gợi ý kiểu dữ liệu này. + +#### Những phiên bản mới hơn của Python + +Cú pháp sử dụng `typing` **tương thích** với tất cả các phiên bản, từ Python 3.6 tới những phiên bản cuối cùng, bao gồm Python 3.9, Python 3.10,... + +As Python advances, **những phiên bản mới** mang tới sự hỗ trợ được cải tiến cho những chú thích kiểu dữ liệu và trong nhiều trường hợp bạn thậm chí sẽ không cần import và sử dụng mô đun `typing` để khai báo chú thích kiểu dữ liệu. + +Nếu bạn có thể chọn một phiên bản Python gần đây hơn cho dự án của bạn, ban sẽ có được những ưu điểm của những cải tiến đơn giản đó. + +Trong tất cả các tài liệu tồn tại những ví dụ tương thích với mỗi phiên bản Python (khi có một sự khác nhau). + +Cho ví dụ "**Python 3.6+**" có nghĩa là nó tương thích với Python 3.7 hoặc lớn hơn (bao gồm 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10,...). và "**Python 3.9+**" nghĩa là nó tương thích với Python 3.9 trở lên (bao gồm 3.10,...). + +Nếu bạn có thể sử dụng **phiên bản cuối cùng của Python**, sử dụng những ví dụ cho phiên bản cuối, những cái đó sẽ có **cú pháp đơn giản và tốt nhât**, ví dụ, "**Python 3.10+**". + +#### List + +Ví dụ, hãy định nghĩa một biến là `list` các `str`. + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + Khai báo biến với cùng dấu hai chấm (`:`). + + Tương tự kiểu dữ liệu `list`. + + Như danh sách là một kiểu dữ liệu chứa một vài kiểu dữ liệu có sẵn, bạn đặt chúng trong các dấu ngoặc vuông: + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + Từ `typing`, import `List` (với chữ cái `L` viết hoa): + + ``` Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + + Khai báo biến với cùng dấu hai chấm (`:`). + + Tương tự như kiểu dữ liệu, `List` bạn import từ `typing`. + + Như danh sách là một kiểu dữ liệu chứa các kiểu dữ liệu có sẵn, bạn đặt chúng bên trong dấu ngoặc vuông: + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + Các kiểu dữ liệu có sẵn bên trong dấu ngoặc vuông được gọi là "tham số kiểu dữ liệu". + + Trong trường hợp này, `str` là tham số kiểu dữ liệu được truyền tới `List` (hoặc `list` trong Python 3.9 trở lên). + +Có nghĩa là: "biến `items` là một `list`, và mỗi phần tử trong danh sách này là một `str`". + +!!! tip + Nếu bạn sử dụng Python 3.9 hoặc lớn hơn, bạn không phải import `List` từ `typing`, bạn có thể sử dụng `list` để thay thế. + +Bằng cách này, trình soạn thảo của bạn có thể hỗ trợ trong khi xử lí các phần tử trong danh sách: + + + +Đa phần đều không thể đạt được nếu không có các kiểu dữ liệu. + +Chú ý rằng, biến `item` là một trong các phần tử trong danh sách `items`. + +Và do vậy, trình soạn thảo biết nó là một `str`, và cung cấp sự hỗ trợ cho nó. + +#### Tuple and Set + +Bạn sẽ làm điều tương tự để khai báo các `tuple` và các `set`: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial007_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial007.py!} + ``` + +Điều này có nghĩa là: + +* Biến `items_t` là một `tuple` với 3 phần tử, một `int`, một `int` nữa, và một `str`. +* Biến `items_s` là một `set`, và mỗi phần tử của nó có kiểu `bytes`. + +#### Dict + +Để định nghĩa một `dict`, bạn truyền 2 tham số kiểu dữ liệu, phân cách bởi dấu phẩy. + +Tham số kiểu dữ liệu đầu tiên dành cho khóa của `dict`. + +Tham số kiểu dữ liệu thứ hai dành cho giá trị của `dict`. + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008.py!} + ``` + +Điều này có nghĩa là: + +* Biến `prices` là một `dict`: + * Khóa của `dict` này là kiểu `str` (đó là tên của mỗi vật phẩm). + * Giá trị của `dict` này là kiểu `float` (đó là giá của mỗi vật phẩm). + +#### Union + +Bạn có thể khai báo rằng một biến có thể là **một vài kiểu dữ liệu" bất kì, ví dụ, một `int` hoặc một `str`. + +Trong Python 3.6 hoặc lớn hơn (bao gồm Python 3.10) bạn có thể sử dụng kiểu `Union` từ `typing` và đặt trong dấu ngoặc vuông những giá trị được chấp nhận. + +In Python 3.10 there's also a **new syntax** where you can put the possible types separated by a vertical bar (`|`). + +Trong Python 3.10 cũng có một **cú pháp mới** mà bạn có thể đặt những kiểu giá trị khả thi phân cách bởi một dấu sổ dọc (`|`). + + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008b_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial008b.py!} + ``` + +Trong cả hai trường hợp có nghĩa là `item` có thể là một `int` hoặc `str`. + +#### Khả năng `None` + +Bạn có thể khai báo một giá trị có thể có một kiểu dữ liệu, giống như `str`, nhưng nó cũng có thể là `None`. + +Trong Python 3.6 hoặc lớn hơn (bao gồm Python 3.10) bạn có thể khai báo nó bằng các import và sử dụng `Optional` từ mô đun `typing`. + +```Python hl_lines="1 4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!} +``` + +Sử dụng `Optional[str]` thay cho `str` sẽ cho phép trình soạn thảo giúp bạn phát hiện các lỗi mà bạn có thể gặp như một giá trị luôn là một `str`, trong khi thực tế nó rất có thể là `None`. + +`Optional[Something]` là một cách viết ngắn gọn của `Union[Something, None]`, chúng là tương đương nhau. + +Điều này cũng có nghĩa là trong Python 3.10, bạn có thể sử dụng `Something | None`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ alternative" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009b.py!} + ``` + +#### Sử dụng `Union` hay `Optional` + +If you are using a Python version below 3.10, here's a tip from my very **subjective** point of view: + +Nếu bạn đang sử dụng phiên bản Python dưới 3.10, đây là một mẹo từ ý kiến rất "chủ quan" của tôi: + +* 🚨 Tránh sử dụng `Optional[SomeType]` +* Thay vào đó ✨ **sử dụng `Union[SomeType, None]`** ✨. + +Cả hai là tương đương và bên dưới chúng giống nhau, nhưng tôi sẽ đễ xuất `Union` thay cho `Optional` vì từ "**tùy chọn**" có vẻ ngầm định giá trị là tùy chọn, và nó thực sự có nghĩa rằng "nó có thể là `None`", do đó nó không phải là tùy chọn và nó vẫn được yêu cầu. + +Tôi nghĩ `Union[SomeType, None]` là rõ ràng hơn về ý nghĩa của nó. + +Nó chỉ là về các từ và tên. Nhưng những từ đó có thể ảnh hưởng cách bạn và những đồng đội của bạn suy nghĩ về code. + +Cho một ví dụ, hãy để ý hàm này: + +```Python hl_lines="1 4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009c.py!} +``` + +Tham số `name` được định nghĩa là `Optional[str]`, nhưng nó **không phải là tùy chọn**, bạn không thể gọi hàm mà không có tham số: + +```Python +say_hi() # Oh, no, this throws an error! 😱 +``` + +Tham số `name` **vẫn được yêu cầu** (không phải là *tùy chọn*) vì nó không có giá trị mặc định. Trong khi đó, `name` chấp nhận `None` như là giá trị: + +```Python +say_hi(name=None) # This works, None is valid 🎉 +``` + +Tin tốt là, khi bạn sử dụng Python 3.10, bạn sẽ không phải lo lắng về điều đó, bạn sẽ có thể sử dụng `|` để định nghĩa hợp của các kiểu dữ liệu một cách đơn giản: + +```Python hl_lines="1 4" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009c_py310.py!} +``` + +Và sau đó, bạn sẽ không phải lo rằng những cái tên như `Optional` và `Union`. 😎 + + +#### Những kiểu dữ liệu tổng quát + +Những kiểu dữ liệu này lấy tham số kiểu dữ liệu trong dấu ngoặc vuông được gọi là **Kiểu dữ liệu tổng quát**, cho ví dụ: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + Bạn có thể sử dụng các kiểu dữ liệu có sẵn như là kiểu dữ liệu tổng quát (với ngoặc vuông và kiểu dữ liệu bên trong): + + * `list` + * `tuple` + * `set` + * `dict` + + Và tương tự với Python 3.6, từ mô đun `typing`: + + * `Union` + * `Optional` (tương tự như Python 3.6) + * ...và các kiểu dữ liệu khác. + + Trong Python 3.10, thay vì sử dụng `Union` và `Optional`, bạn có thể sử dụng sổ dọc ('|') để khai báo hợp của các kiểu dữ liệu, điều đó tốt hơn và đơn giản hơn nhiều. + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + Bạn có thể sử dụng các kiểu dữ liệu có sẵn tương tự như (với ngoặc vuông và kiểu dữ liệu bên trong): + + * `list` + * `tuple` + * `set` + * `dict` + + Và tương tự với Python 3.6, từ mô đun `typing`: + + * `Union` + * `Optional` + * ...and others. + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + * `List` + * `Tuple` + * `Set` + * `Dict` + * `Union` + * `Optional` + * ...và các kiểu khác. + +### Lớp như kiểu dữ liệu + +Bạn cũng có thể khai báo một lớp như là kiểu dữ liệu của một biến. + +Hãy nói rằng bạn muốn có một lớp `Person` với một tên: + +```Python hl_lines="1-3" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial010.py!} +``` + +Sau đó bạn có thể khai báo một biến có kiểu là `Person`: + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial010.py!} +``` + +Và lại một lần nữa, bạn có được tất cả sự hỗ trợ từ trình soạn thảo: + + + +Lưu ý rằng, điều này có nghĩa rằng "`one_person`" là một **thực thể** của lớp `Person`. + +Nó không có nghĩa "`one_person`" là một **lớp** gọi là `Person`. + +## Pydantic models + +Pydantic là một thư viện Python để validate dữ liệu hiệu năng cao. + +Bạn có thể khai báo "hình dạng" của dữa liệu như là các lớp với các thuộc tính. + +Và mỗi thuộc tính có một kiểu dữ liệu. + +Sau đó bạn tạo một thực thể của lớp đó với một vài giá trị và nó sẽ validate các giá trị, chuyển đổi chúng sang kiểu dữ liệu phù hợp (nếu đó là trường hợp) và cho bạn một object với toàn bộ dữ liệu. + +Và bạn nhận được tất cả sự hỗ trợ của trình soạn thảo với object kết quả đó. + +Một ví dụ từ tài liệu chính thức của Pydantic: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + Để học nhiều hơn về Pydantic, tham khảo tài liệu của nó. + +**FastAPI** được dựa hoàn toàn trên Pydantic. + +Bạn sẽ thấy nhiều ví dụ thực tế hơn trong [Hướng dẫn sử dụng](tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +!!! tip + Pydantic có một hành vi đặc biệt khi bạn sử dụng `Optional` hoặc `Union[Something, None]` mà không có giá trị mặc dịnh, bạn có thể đọc nhiều hơn về nó trong tài liệu của Pydantic về Required Optional fields. + + +## Type Hints với Metadata Annotations + +Python cũng có một tính năng cho phép đặt **metadata bổ sung** trong những gợi ý kiểu dữ liệu này bằng cách sử dụng `Annotated`. + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + Trong Python 3.9, `Annotated` là một phần của thư viện chuẩn, do đó bạn có thể import nó từ `typing`. + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial013_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + Ở phiên bản dưới Python 3.9, bạn import `Annotated` từ `typing_extensions`. + + Nó đã được cài đặt sẵng cùng với **FastAPI**. + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial013.py!} + ``` + +Python bản thân nó không làm bất kì điều gì với `Annotated`. Với các trình soạn thảo và các công cụ khác, kiểu dữ liệu vẫn là `str`. + +Nhưng bạn có thể sử dụng `Annotated` để cung cấp cho **FastAPI** metadata bổ sung về cách mà bạn muốn ứng dụng của bạn xử lí. + +Điều quan trọng cần nhớ là ***tham số kiểu dữ liệu* đầu tiên** bạn truyền tới `Annotated` là **kiểu giá trị thực sự**. Phần còn lại chỉ là metadata cho các công cụ khác. + +Bây giờ, bạn chỉ cần biết rằng `Annotated` tồn tại, và nó là tiêu chuẩn của Python. 😎 + + +Sau đó, bạn sẽ thấy sự **mạnh mẽ** mà nó có thể làm. + +!!! tip + Thực tế, cái này là **tiêu chuẩn của Python**, nghĩa là bạn vẫn sẽ có được **trải nghiệm phát triển tốt nhất có thể** với trình soạn thảo của bạn, với các công cụ bạn sử dụng để phân tích và tái cấu trúc code của bạn, etc. ✨ + + Và code của bạn sẽ tương thích với nhiều công cụ và thư viện khác của Python. 🚀 + +## Các gợi ý kiểu dữ liệu trong **FastAPI** + +**FastAPI** lấy các ưu điểm của các gợi ý kiểu dữ liệu để thực hiện một số thứ. + +Với **FastAPI**, bạn khai báo các tham số với gợi ý kiểu và bạn có được: + +* **Sự hỗ trợ từ các trình soạn thảo**. +* **Kiểm tra kiểu dữ liệu (type checking)**. + +...và **FastAPI** sử dụng các khia báo để: + +* **Định nghĩa các yêu cầu**: từ tham số đường dẫn của request, tham số query, headers, bodies, các phụ thuộc (dependencies),... +* **Chuyển dổi dữ liệu*: từ request sang kiểu dữ liệu được yêu cầu. +* **Kiểm tra tính đúng đắn của dữ liệu**: tới từ mỗi request: + * Sinh **lỗi tự động** để trả về máy khác khi dữ liệu không hợp lệ. +* **Tài liệu hóa** API sử dụng OpenAPI: + * cái mà sau được được sử dụng bởi tài liệu tương tác người dùng. + +Điều này có thể nghe trừu tượng. Đừng lo lắng. Bạn sẽ thấy tất cả chúng trong [Hướng dẫn sử dụng](tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +Điều quan trọng là bằng việc sử dụng các kiểu dữ liệu chuẩn của Python (thay vì thêm các lớp, decorators,...), **FastAPI** sẽ thực hiện nhiều công việc cho bạn. + +!!! info + Nếu bạn đã đi qua toàn bộ các hướng dẫn và quay trở lại để tìm hiểu nhiều hơn về các kiểu dữ liệu, một tài nguyên tốt như "cheat sheet" từ `mypy`. diff --git a/docs/vi/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md b/docs/vi/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..712f00852 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/vi/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md @@ -0,0 +1,333 @@ +# Những bước đầu tiên + +Tệp tin FastAPI đơn giản nhất có thể trông như này: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Sao chép sang một tệp tin `main.py`. + +Chạy live server: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +!!! note + Câu lệnh `uvicorn main:app` được giải thích như sau: + + * `main`: tệp tin `main.py` (một Python "mô đun"). + * `app`: một object được tạo ra bên trong `main.py` với dòng `app = FastAPI()`. + * `--reload`: làm server khởi động lại sau mỗi lần thay đổi. Chỉ sử dụng trong môi trường phát triển. + +Trong output, có một dòng giống như: + +```hl_lines="4" +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +Dòng đó cho thấy URL, nơi mà app của bạn đang được chạy, trong máy local của bạn. + +### Kiểm tra + +Mở trình duyệt của bạn tại http://127.0.0.1:8000. + +Bạn sẽ thấy một JSON response như: + +```JSON +{"message": "Hello World"} +``` + +### Tài liệu tương tác API + +Bây giờ tới http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +Bạn sẽ thấy một tài liệu tương tác API (cung cấp bởi Swagger UI): + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +### Phiên bản thay thế của tài liệu API + +Và bây giờ tới http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. + +Bạn sẽ thấy một bản thay thế của tài liệu (cung cấp bởi ReDoc): + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +### OpenAPI + +**FastAPI** sinh một "schema" với tất cả API của bạn sử dụng tiêu chuẩn **OpenAPI** cho định nghĩa các API. + +#### "Schema" + +Một "schema" là một định nghĩa hoặc mô tả thứ gì đó. Không phải code triển khai của nó, nhưng chỉ là một bản mô tả trừu tượng. + +#### API "schema" + +Trong trường hợp này, OpenAPI là một bản mô tả bắt buộc cơ chế định nghĩa API của bạn. + +Định nghĩa cấu trúc này bao gồm những đường dẫn API của bạn, các tham số có thể có,... + +#### "Cấu trúc" dữ liệu + +Thuật ngữ "cấu trúc" (schema) cũng có thể được coi như là hình dạng của dữ liệu, tương tự như một JSON content. + +Trong trường hợp đó, nó có nghĩa là các thuộc tính JSON và các kiểu dữ liệu họ có,... + +#### OpenAPI và JSON Schema + +OpenAPI định nghĩa một cấu trúc API cho API của bạn. Và cấu trúc đó bao gồm các dịnh nghĩa (or "schema") về dữ liệu được gửi đi và nhận về bởi API của bạn, sử dụng **JSON Schema**, một tiêu chuẩn cho cấu trúc dữ liệu JSON. + +#### Kiểm tra `openapi.json` + +Nếu bạn tò mò về việc cấu trúc OpenAPI nhìn như thế nào thì FastAPI tự động sinh một JSON (schema) với các mô tả cho tất cả API của bạn. + +Bạn có thể thấy nó trực tiếp tại: http://127.0.0.1:8000/openapi.json. + +Nó sẽ cho thấy một JSON bắt đầu giống như: + +```JSON +{ + "openapi": "3.1.0", + "info": { + "title": "FastAPI", + "version": "0.1.0" + }, + "paths": { + "/items/": { + "get": { + "responses": { + "200": { + "description": "Successful Response", + "content": { + "application/json": { + + + +... +``` + +#### OpenAPI dùng để làm gì? + +Cấu trúc OpenAPI là sức mạnh của tài liệu tương tác. + +Và có hàng tá các bản thay thế, tất cả đều dựa trên OpenAPI. Bạn có thể dễ dàng thêm bất kì bản thay thế bào cho ứng dụng của bạn được xây dựng với **FastAPI**. + +Bạn cũng có thể sử dụng nó để sinh code tự động, với các client giao viết qua API của bạn. Ví dụ, frontend, mobile hoặc các ứng dụng IoT. + +## Tóm lại, từng bước một + +### Bước 1: import `FastAPI` + +```Python hl_lines="1" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`FastAPI` là một Python class cung cấp tất cả chức năng cho API của bạn. + +!!! note "Chi tiết kĩ thuật" + `FastAPI` là một class kế thừa trực tiếp `Starlette`. + + Bạn cũng có thể sử dụng tất cả Starlette chức năng với `FastAPI`. + +### Bước 2: Tạo một `FastAPI` "instance" + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Biến `app` này là một "instance" của class `FastAPI`. + +Đây sẽ là điểm cốt lõi để tạo ra tất cả API của bạn. + +`app` này chính là điều được nhắc tới bởi `uvicorn` trong câu lệnh: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +Nếu bạn tạo ứng dụng của bạn giống như: + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +Và đặt nó trong một tệp tin `main.py`, sau đó bạn sẽ gọi `uvicorn` giống như: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:my_awesome_api --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +### Bước 3: tạo một *đường dẫn toán tử* + +#### Đường dẫn + +"Đường dẫn" ở đây được nhắc tới là phần cuối cùng của URL bắt đầu từ `/`. + +Do đó, trong một URL nhìn giống như: + +``` +https://example.com/items/foo +``` + +...đường dẫn sẽ là: + +``` +/items/foo +``` + +!!! info + Một đường dẫn cũng là một cách gọi chung cho một "endpoint" hoặc một "route". + +Trong khi xây dựng một API, "đường dẫn" là các chính để phân tách "mối quan hệ" và "tài nguyên". + +#### Toán tử (Operation) + +"Toán tử" ở đây được nhắc tới là một trong các "phương thức" HTTP. + +Một trong những: + +* `POST` +* `GET` +* `PUT` +* `DELETE` + +...và một trong những cái còn lại: + +* `OPTIONS` +* `HEAD` +* `PATCH` +* `TRACE` + +Trong giao thức HTTP, bạn có thể giao tiếp trong mỗi đường dẫn sử dụng một (hoặc nhiều) trong các "phương thức này". + +--- + +Khi xây dựng các API, bạn thường sử dụng cụ thể các phương thức HTTP này để thực hiện một hành động cụ thể. + +Thông thường, bạn sử dụng + +* `POST`: để tạo dữ liệu. +* `GET`: để đọc dữ liệu. +* `PUT`: để cập nhật dữ liệu. +* `DELETE`: để xóa dữ liệu. + +Do đó, trong OpenAPI, mỗi phương thức HTTP được gọi là một "toán tử (operation)". + +Chúng ta cũng sẽ gọi chúng là "**các toán tử**". + +#### Định nghĩa moojt *decorator cho đường dẫn toán tử* + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`@app.get("/")` nói **FastAPI** rằng hàm bên dưới có trách nhiệm xử lí request tới: + +* đường dẫn `/` +* sử dụng một toán tửget + +!!! info Thông tin về "`@decorator`" + Cú pháp `@something` trong Python được gọi là một "decorator". + + Bạn đặt nó trên một hàm. Giống như một chiếc mũ xinh xắn (Tôi ddonas đó là lí do mà thuật ngữ này ra đời). + + Một "decorator" lấy một hàm bên dưới và thực hiện một vài thứ với nó. + + Trong trường hợp của chúng ta, decorator này nói **FastAPI** rằng hàm bên dưới ứng với **đường dẫn** `/` và một **toán tử** `get`. + + Nó là một "**decorator đường dẫn toán tử**". + +Bạn cũng có thể sử dụng với các toán tử khác: + +* `@app.post()` +* `@app.put()` +* `@app.delete()` + +Và nhiều hơn với các toán tử còn lại: + +* `@app.options()` +* `@app.head()` +* `@app.patch()` +* `@app.trace()` + +!!! tip + Bạn thoải mái sử dụng mỗi toán tử (phương thức HTTP) như bạn mơ ước. + + **FastAPI** không bắt buộc bất kì ý nghĩa cụ thể nào. + + Thông tin ở đây được biểu thị như là một chỉ dẫn, không phải là một yêu cầu bắt buộc. + + Ví dụ, khi sử dụng GraphQL bạn thông thường thực hiện tất cả các hành động chỉ bằng việc sử dụng các toán tử `POST`. + +### Step 4: Định nghĩa **hàm cho đường dẫn toán tử** + +Đây là "**hàm cho đường dẫn toán tử**": + +* **đường dẫn**: là `/`. +* **toán tử**: là `get`. +* **hàm**: là hàm bên dưới "decorator" (bên dưới `@app.get("/")`). + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Đây là một hàm Python. + +Nó sẽ được gọi bởi **FastAPI** bất cứ khi nào nó nhận một request tới URL "`/`" sử dụng một toán tử `GET`. + +Trong trường hợp này, nó là một hàm `async`. + +--- + +Bạn cũng có thể định nghĩa nó như là một hàm thông thường thay cho `async def`: + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +!!! note + Nếu bạn không biết sự khác nhau, kiểm tra [Async: *"Trong khi vội vàng?"*](../async.md#in-a-hurry){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +### Bước 5: Nội dung trả về + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/first_steps/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +Bạn có thể trả về một `dict`, `list`, một trong những giá trị đơn như `str`, `int`,... + +Bạn cũng có thể trả về Pydantic model (bạn sẽ thấy nhiều hơn về nó sau). + +Có nhiều object và model khác nhau sẽ được tự động chuyển đổi sang JSON (bao gồm cả ORM,...). Thử sử dụng loại ưa thích của bạn, nó có khả năng cao đã được hỗ trợ. + +## Tóm lại + +* Import `FastAPI`. +* Tạo một `app` instance. +* Viết một **decorator cho đường dẫn toán tử** (giống như `@app.get("/")`). +* Viết một **hàm cho đường dẫn toán tử** (giống như `def root(): ...` ở trên). +* Chạy server trong môi trường phát triển (giống như `uvicorn main:app --reload`). diff --git a/docs/vi/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/vi/docs/tutorial/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e8a93fe40 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/vi/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +# Hướng dẫn sử dụng + +Hướng dẫn này cho bạn thấy từng bước cách sử dụng **FastAPI** đa số các tính năng của nó. + +Mỗi phần được xây dựng từ những phần trước đó, nhưng nó được cấu trúc thành các chủ đề riêng biệt, do đó bạn có thể xem trực tiếp từng phần cụ thể bất kì để giải quyết những API cụ thể mà bạn cần. + +Nó cũng được xây dựng để làm việc như một tham chiếu trong tương lai. + +Do đó bạn có thể quay lại và tìm chính xác những gì bạn cần. + +## Chạy mã + +Tất cả các code block có thể được sao chép và sử dụng trực tiếp (chúng thực chất là các tệp tin Python đã được kiểm thử). + +Để chạy bất kì ví dụ nào, sao chép code tới tệp tin `main.py`, và bắt đầu `uvicorn` với: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +**Khuyến khích** bạn viết hoặc sao chép code, sửa và chạy nó ở local. + +Sử dụng nó trong trình soạn thảo của bạn thực sự cho bạn thấy những lợi ích của FastAPI, thấy được cách bạn viết code ít hơn, tất cả đều được type check, autocompletion,... + +--- + +## Cài đặt FastAPI + +Bước đầu tiên là cài đặt FastAPI. + +Với hướng dẫn này, bạn có thể muốn cài đặt nó với tất cả các phụ thuộc và tính năng tùy chọn: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +...dó cũng bao gồm `uvicorn`, bạn có thể sử dụng như một server để chạy code của bạn. + +!!! note + Bạn cũng có thể cài đặt nó từng phần. + + Đây là những gì bạn có thể sẽ làm một lần duy nhất bạn muốn triển khai ứng dụng của bạn lên production: + + ``` + pip install fastapi + ``` + + Cũng cài đặt `uvicorn` để làm việc như một server: + + ``` + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + ``` + + Và tương tự với từng phụ thuộc tùy chọn mà bạn muốn sử dụng. + +## Hướng dẫn nâng cao + +Cũng có một **Hướng dẫn nâng cao** mà bạn có thể đọc nó sau **Hướng dẫn sử dụng**. + +**Hướng dẫn sử dụng nâng cao**, xây dựng dựa trên cái này, sử dụng các khái niệm tương tự, và dạy bạn những tính năng mở rộng. + +Nhưng bạn nên đọc **Hướng dẫn sử dụng** đầu tiên (những gì bạn đang đọc). + +Nó được thiết kế do đó bạn có thể xây dựng một ứng dụng hoàn chỉnh chỉ với **Hướng dẫn sử dụng**, và sau đó mở rộng nó theo các cách khác nhau, phụ thuộc vào những gì bạn cần, sử dụng một vài ý tưởng bổ sung từ **Hướng dẫn sử dụng nâng cao**. diff --git a/docs/vi/mkdocs.yml b/docs/vi/mkdocs.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de18856f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/vi/mkdocs.yml @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/yo/docs/index.md b/docs/yo/docs/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..101e13b6b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/yo/docs/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,470 @@ +

+ FastAPI +

+

+ Ìlànà wẹ́ẹ́bù FastAPI, iṣẹ́ gíga, ó rọrùn láti kọ̀, o yára láti kóòdù, ó sì ṣetán fún iṣelọpọ ní lílo +

+

+ + Test + + + Coverage + + + Package version + + + Supported Python versions + +

+ +--- + +**Àkọsílẹ̀**: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com + +**Orisun Kóòdù**: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi + +--- + +FastAPI jẹ́ ìgbàlódé, tí ó yára (iṣẹ-giga), ìlànà wẹ́ẹ́bù fún kikọ àwọn API pẹ̀lú Python 3.8+ èyí tí ó da lori àwọn ìtọ́kasí àmì irúfẹ́ Python. + +Àwọn ẹya pàtàkì ni: + +* **Ó yára**: Iṣẹ tí ó ga púpọ̀, tí ó wa ni ibamu pẹ̀lú **NodeJS** àti **Go** (ọpẹ si Starlette àti Pydantic). [Ọkan nínú àwọn ìlànà Python ti o yára jùlọ ti o wa](#performance). +* **Ó yára láti kóòdù**: O mu iyara pọ si láti kọ àwọn ẹya tuntun kóòdù nipasẹ "Igba ìdá ọgọ́rùn-ún" (i.e. 200%) si "ọ̀ọ́dúrún ìdá ọgọ́rùn-ún" (i.e. 300%). +* **Àìtọ́ kékeré**: O n din aṣiṣe ku bi ọgbon ìdá ọgọ́rùn-ún (i.e. 40%) ti eda eniyan (oṣiṣẹ kóòdù) fa. * +* **Ọgbọ́n àti ìmọ̀**: Atilẹyin olootu nla. Ìparí nibi gbogbo. Àkókò díẹ̀ nipa wíwá ibi tí ìṣòro kóòdù wà. +* **Irọrun**: A kọ kí ó le rọrun láti lo àti láti kọ ẹkọ nínú rè. Ó máa fún ọ ní àkókò díẹ̀ látı ka àkọsílẹ. +* **Ó kúkurú ní kikọ**: Ó dín àtúnkọ àti àtúntò kóòdù kù. Ìkéde àṣàyàn kọ̀ọ̀kan nínú rẹ̀ ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn ìlò. O ṣe iranlọwọ láti má ṣe ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àṣìṣe. +* **Ó lágbára**: Ó ń ṣe àgbéjáde kóòdù tí ó ṣetán fún ìṣelọ́pọ̀. Pẹ̀lú àkọsílẹ̀ tí ó máa ṣàlàyé ara rẹ̀ fún ẹ ní ìbáṣepọ̀ aládàáṣiṣẹ́ pẹ̀lú rè. +* **Ajohunše/Ìtọ́kasí**: Ó da lori (àti ibamu ni kikun pẹ̀lú) àwọn ìmọ ajohunše/ìtọ́kasí fún àwọn API: OpenAPI (èyí tí a mọ tẹlẹ si Swagger) àti JSON Schema. + +* iṣiro yi da lori àwọn idanwo tí ẹgbẹ ìdàgbàsókè FastAPI ṣe, nígbàtí wọn kọ àwọn ohun elo iṣelọpọ kóòdù pẹ̀lú rẹ. + +## Àwọn onígbọ̀wọ́ + + + +{% if sponsors %} +{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%} + +{% endfor -%} +{%- for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%} + +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + + + +Àwọn onígbọ̀wọ́ míràn + +## Àwọn ero àti èsì + +"_[...] Mò ń lo **FastAPI** púpọ̀ ní lẹ́nu àìpẹ́ yìí. [...] Mo n gbero láti lo o pẹ̀lú àwọn ẹgbẹ mi fún gbogbo iṣẹ **ML wa ni Microsoft**. Diẹ nínú wọn ni afikun ti ifilelẹ àwọn ẹya ara ti ọja **Windows** wa pẹ̀lú àwọn ti **Office**._" + +
Kabir Khan - Microsoft (ref)
+ +--- + +"_A gba àwọn ohun èlò ìwé afọwọkọ **FastAPI** tí kò yí padà láti ṣẹ̀dá olùpín **REST** tí a lè béèrè lọ́wọ́ rẹ̀ láti gba **àsọtẹ́lẹ̀**. [fún Ludwig]_" + +
Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - Uber (ref)
+ +--- + +"_**Netflix** ni inudidun láti kede itusilẹ orisun kóòdù ti ìlànà iṣọkan **iṣakoso Ìṣòro** wa: **Ìfiránṣẹ́**! [a kọ pẹ̀lú **FastAPI**]_" + +
Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - Netflix (ref)
+ +--- + +"_Inú mi dùn púpọ̀ nípa **FastAPI**. Ó mú inú ẹnì dùn púpọ̀!_" + +
Brian Okken - Python Bytes podcast host (ref)
+ +--- + +"_Ní tòótọ́, ohun tí o kọ dára ó sì tún dán. Ní ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ ọ̀nà, ohun tí mo fẹ́ kí **Hug** jẹ́ nìyẹn - ó wúni lórí gan-an láti rí ẹnìkan tí ó kọ́ nǹkan bí èyí._" + +
Timothy Crosley - Hug creator (ref)
+ +--- + +"_Ti o ba n wa láti kọ ọkan **ìlànà igbalode** fún kikọ àwọn REST API, ṣayẹwo **FastAPI** [...] Ó yára, ó rọrùn láti lò, ó sì rọrùn láti kọ́[...]_" + +"_A ti yipada si **FastAPI** fún **APIs** wa [...] Mo lérò pé wà á fẹ́ràn rẹ̀ [...]_" + +
Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - Explosion AI founders - spaCy creators (ref) - (ref)
+ +--- + +"_Ti ẹnikẹni ba n wa láti kọ iṣelọpọ API pẹ̀lú Python, èmi yóò ṣe'dúró fún **FastAPI**. Ó jẹ́ ohun tí **àgbékalẹ̀ rẹ̀ lẹ́wà**, **ó rọrùn láti lò** àti wipe ó ni **ìwọ̀n gíga**, o tí dí **bọtini paati** nínú alakọkọ API ìdàgbàsókè kikọ fún wa, àti pe o ni ipa lori adaṣiṣẹ àti àwọn iṣẹ gẹ́gẹ́ bíi Onímọ̀-ẹ̀rọ TAC tí órí Íńtánẹ́ẹ̀tì_" + +
Deon Pillsbury - Cisco (ref)
+ +--- + +## **Typer**, FastAPI ti CLIs + + + +Ti o ba n kọ ohun èlò CLI láti ṣeé lọ nínú ohun èlò lori ebute kọmputa dipo API, ṣayẹwo **Typer**. + +**Typer** jẹ́ àbúrò ìyá FastAPI kékeré. Àti pé wọ́n kọ́ láti jẹ́ **FastAPI ti CLIs**. ⌨️ 🚀 + +## Èròjà + +Python 3.8+ + +FastAPI dúró lórí àwọn èjìká tí àwọn òmíràn: + +* Starlette fún àwọn ẹ̀yà ayélujára. +* Pydantic fún àwọn ẹ̀yà àkójọf'áyẹ̀wò. + +## Fifi sórí ẹrọ + +
+ +```console +$ pip install fastapi + +---> 100% +``` + +
+Iwọ yóò tún nílò olupin ASGI, fún iṣelọpọ bii Uvicorn tabi Hypercorn. + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +## Àpẹẹrẹ + +### Ṣẹ̀dá rẹ̀ + +* Ṣẹ̀dá fáìlì `main.py (èyí tíí ṣe, akọkọ.py)` pẹ̀lú: + +```Python +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +
+Tàbí lò async def... + +Tí kóòdù rẹ̀ bá ń lò `async` / `await`, lò `async def`: + +```Python hl_lines="9 14" +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +async def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +**Akiyesi**: + +Tí o kò bá mọ̀, ṣàyẹ̀wò ibi tí a ti ní _"In a hurry?"_ (i.e. _"Ní kíákíá?"_) nípa `async` and `await` nínú àkọsílẹ̀. + +
+ +### Mu ṣiṣẹ + +Mú olupin ṣiṣẹ pẹ̀lú: + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +
+Nipa aṣẹ kóòdù náà uvicorn main:app --reload... + +Àṣẹ `uvicorn main:app` ń tọ́ka sí: + +* `main`: fáìlì náà 'main.py' (Python "module"). +* `app` jẹ object( i.e. nǹkan) tí a ṣẹ̀dá nínú `main.py` pẹ̀lú ilà `app = FastAPI()`. +* `--reload`: èyí yóò jẹ́ ki olupin tún bẹ̀rẹ̀ lẹ́hìn àwọn àyípadà kóòdù. Jọ̀wọ́, ṣe èyí fún ìdàgbàsókè kóòdù nìkan, má ṣe é ṣe lori àgbéjáde kóòdù tabi fún iṣelọpọ kóòdù. + + +
+ +### Ṣayẹwo rẹ + +Ṣii aṣàwákiri kọ̀ǹpútà rẹ ni http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. + +Ìwọ yóò sì rí ìdáhùn JSON bíi: + +```JSON +{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} +``` + +O tí ṣẹ̀dá API èyí tí yóò: + +* Gbà àwọn ìbéèrè HTTP ni àwọn _ipa ọ̀nà_ `/` àti `/items/{item_id}`. +* Èyí tí àwọn _ipa ọ̀nà_ (i.e. _paths_) méjèèjì gbà àwọn iṣẹ `GET` (a tun mọ si _àwọn ọna_ HTTP). +* Èyí tí _ipa ọ̀nà_ (i.e. _paths_) `/items/{item_id}` ní _àwọn ohun-ini ipa ọ̀nà_ tí ó yẹ kí ó jẹ́ `int` i.e. `ÒǸKÀ`. +* Èyí tí _ipa ọ̀nà_ (i.e. _paths_) `/items/{item_id}` ní àṣàyàn `str` _àwọn ohun-ini_ (i.e. _query parameter_) `q`. + +### Ìbáṣepọ̀ àkọsílẹ̀ API + +Ní báyìí, lọ sí http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +Lẹ́yìn náà, iwọ yóò rí ìdáhùn àkọsílẹ̀ API tí ó jẹ́ ìbáṣepọ̀ alaifọwọyi/aládàáṣiṣẹ́ (tí a pèṣè nípaṣẹ̀ Swagger UI): + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +### Ìdàkejì àkọsílẹ̀ API + +Ní báyìí, lọ sí http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. + +Wà á rí àwọn àkọsílẹ̀ aládàáṣiṣẹ́ mìíràn (tí a pese nipasẹ ReDoc): + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +## Àpẹẹrẹ ìgbésókè mìíràn + +Ní báyìí ṣe àtúnṣe fáìlì `main.py` láti gba kókó èsì láti inú ìbéèrè `PUT`. + +Ní báyìí, ṣe ìkéde kókó èsì API nínú kóòdù rẹ nipa lílo àwọn ìtọ́kasí àmì irúfẹ́ Python, ọpẹ́ pàtàkìsi sí Pydantic. + +```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + price: float + is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} +``` + +Olupin yóò tún ṣe àtúnṣe laifọwọyi/aládàáṣiṣẹ́ (nítorí wípé ó se àfikún `-reload` si àṣẹ kóòdù `uvicorn` lókè). + +### Ìbáṣepọ̀ ìgbésókè àkọsílẹ̀ API + +Ní báyìí, lọ sí http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. + +* Ìbáṣepọ̀ àkọsílẹ̀ API yóò ṣe imudojuiwọn àkọsílẹ̀ API laifọwọyi, pẹ̀lú kókó èsì ìdáhùn API tuntun: + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) + +* Tẹ bọtini "Gbiyanju rẹ" i.e. "Try it out", yóò gbà ọ́ láàyè láti jẹ́ kí ó tẹ́ àlàyé tí ó nílò kí ó le sọ̀rọ̀ tààrà pẹ̀lú API: + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) + +* Lẹhinna tẹ bọtini "Ṣiṣe" i.e. "Execute", olùmúlò (i.e. user interface) yóò sọrọ pẹ̀lú API rẹ, yóò ṣe afiranṣẹ àwọn èròjà, pàápàá jùlọ yóò gba àwọn àbájáde yóò si ṣafihan wọn loju ìbòjú: + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) + +### Ìdàkejì ìgbésókè àkọsílẹ̀ API + +Ní báyìí, lọ sí http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. + +* Ìdàkejì àkọsílẹ̀ API yóò ṣ'afihan ìbéèrè èròjà/pàrámítà tuntun àti kókó èsì ti API: + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) + +### Àtúnyẹ̀wò + +Ni akopọ, ìwọ yóò kéde ni **kete** àwọn iru èròjà/pàrámítà, kókó èsì API, abbl (i.e. àti bẹbẹ lọ), bi àwọn èròjà iṣẹ. + +O ṣe ìyẹn pẹ̀lú irúfẹ́ àmì ìtọ́kasí ìgbàlódé Python. + +O ò nílò láti kọ́ síńtáàsì tuntun, ìlànà tàbí ọ̀wọ́ kíláàsì kan pàtó, abbl (i.e. àti bẹbẹ lọ). + +Ìtọ́kasí **Python 3.8+** + +Fún àpẹẹrẹ, fún `int`: + +```Python +item_id: int +``` + +tàbí fún àwòṣe `Item` tí ó nira díẹ̀ síi: + +```Python +item: Item +``` + +... àti pẹ̀lú ìkéde kan ṣoṣo yẹn ìwọ yóò gbà: + +* Atilẹyin olootu, pẹ̀lú: + * Pipari. + * Àyẹ̀wò irúfẹ́ àmì ìtọ́kasí. +* Ìfọwọ́sí àkójọf'áyẹ̀wò (i.e. data): + * Aṣiṣe alaifọwọyi/aládàáṣiṣẹ́ àti aṣiṣe ti ó hàn kedere nígbàtí àwọn àkójọf'áyẹ̀wò (i.e. data) kò wulo tabi tí kò fẹsẹ̀ múlẹ̀. + * Ìfọwọ́sí fún ohun elo JSON tí ó jìn gan-an. +* Ìyípadà tí input àkójọf'áyẹ̀wò: tí ó wà láti nẹtiwọọki si àkójọf'áyẹ̀wò àti irúfẹ́ àmì ìtọ́kasí Python. Ó ń ka láti: + * JSON. + * èròjà ọ̀nà tí ò gbé gbà. + * èròjà ìbéèrè. + * Àwọn Kúkì + * Àwọn Àkọlé + * Àwọn Fọọmu + * Àwọn Fáìlì +* Ìyípadà èsì àkójọf'áyẹ̀wò: yíyípadà láti àkójọf'áyẹ̀wò àti irúfẹ́ àmì ìtọ́kasí Python si nẹtiwọọki (gẹ́gẹ́ bí JSON): + * Yí irúfẹ́ àmì ìtọ́kasí padà (`str`, `int`, `float`, `bool`, `list`, abbl i.e. àti bèbè ló). + * Àwọn ohun èlò `datetime`. + * Àwọn ohun èlò `UUID`. + * Àwọn awoṣẹ́ ibi ìpamọ́ àkójọf'áyẹ̀wò. + * ...àti ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ díẹ̀ síi. +* Ìbáṣepọ̀ àkọsílẹ̀ API aládàáṣiṣẹ́, pẹ̀lú ìdàkejì àgbékalẹ̀-àwọn-olùmúlò (i.e user interfaces) méjì: + * Àgbékalẹ̀-olùmúlò Swagger. + * ReDoc. + +--- + +Nisinsin yi, tí ó padà sí àpẹẹrẹ ti tẹ́lẹ̀, **FastAPI** yóò: + +* Fọwọ́ sí i pé `item_id` wà nínú ọ̀nà ìbéèrè HTTP fún `GET` àti `PUT`. +* Fọwọ́ sí i pé `item_id` jẹ́ irúfẹ́ àmì ìtọ́kasí `int` fún ìbéèrè HTTP `GET` àti `PUT`. + * Tí kìí bá ṣe bẹ, oníbàárà yóò ríi àṣìṣe tí ó wúlò, kedere. +* Ṣàyẹ̀wò bóyá ìbéèrè àṣàyàn pàrámítà kan wà tí orúkọ rẹ̀ ń jẹ́ `q` (gẹ́gẹ́ bíi `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`) fún ìbéèrè HTTP `GET`. + * Bí wọ́n ṣe kéde pàrámítà `q` pẹ̀lú `= None`, ó jẹ́ àṣàyàn (i.e optional). + * Láìsí `None` yóò nílò (gẹ́gẹ́ bí kókó èsì ìbéèrè HTTP ṣe wà pẹ̀lú `PUT`). +* Fún àwọn ìbéèrè HTTP `PUT` sí `/items/{item_id}`, kà kókó èsì ìbéèrè HTTP gẹ́gẹ́ bí JSON: + * Ṣàyẹ̀wò pé ó ní àbùdá tí ó nílò èyí tíí ṣe `name` i.e. `orúkọ` tí ó yẹ kí ó jẹ́ `str`. + * Ṣàyẹ̀wò pé ó ní àbùdá tí ó nílò èyí tíí ṣe `price` i.e. `iye` tí ó gbọ́dọ̀ jẹ́ `float`. + * Ṣàyẹ̀wò pé ó ní àbùdá àṣàyàn `is_offer`, tí ó yẹ kí ó jẹ́ `bool`, tí ó bá wà níbẹ̀. + * Gbogbo èyí yóò tún ṣiṣẹ́ fún àwọn ohun èlò JSON tí ó jìn gidi gan-an. +* Yìí padà láti àti sí JSON lai fi ọwọ́ yi. +* Ṣe àkọsílẹ̀ ohun gbogbo pẹ̀lú OpenAPI, èyí tí yóò wà ní lílo nípaṣẹ̀: + * Àwọn ètò àkọsílẹ̀ ìbáṣepọ̀. + * Aládàáṣiṣẹ́ oníbárà èlètò tíí ṣẹ̀dá kóòdù, fún ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn èdè. +* Pese àkọsílẹ̀ òní ìbáṣepọ̀ ti àwọn àgbékalẹ̀ ayélujára méjì tààrà. + +--- + +A ń ṣẹ̀ṣẹ̀ ń mú ẹyẹ bọ́ làpò ní, ṣùgbọ́n ó ti ni òye bí gbogbo rẹ̀ ṣe ń ṣiṣẹ́. + +Gbiyanju láti yí ìlà padà pẹ̀lú: + +```Python + return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} +``` + +...láti: + +```Python + ... "item_name": item.name ... +``` + +...ṣí: + +```Python + ... "item_price": item.price ... +``` + +.. kí o sì wo bí olóòtú rẹ yóò ṣe parí àwọn àbùdá náà fúnra rẹ̀, yóò sì mọ irúfẹ́ wọn: + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) + +Fún àpẹẹrẹ pípé síi pẹ̀lú àwọn àbùdá mìíràn, wo Ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ - Ìtọ́sọ́nà Olùmúlò. + +**Itaniji gẹ́gẹ́ bí isọ'ye**: ìdánilẹ́kọ̀ọ́ - itọsọna olùmúlò pẹ̀lú: + +* Ìkéde àṣàyàn **pàrámítà** láti àwọn oriṣiriṣi ibòmíràn gẹ́gẹ́ bíi: àwọn **àkọlé èsì API**, **kúkì**, **ààyè fọọmu**, àti **fáìlì**. +* Bíi ó ṣe lé ṣètò **àwọn ìdíwọ́ ìfọwọ́sí** bí `maximum_length` tàbí `regex`. +* Ó lágbára púpọ̀ ó sì rọrùn láti lo ètò **Àfikún Ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé Kóòdù**. +* Ààbò àti ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀, pẹ̀lú àtìlẹ́yìn fún **OAuth2** pẹ̀lú **àmì JWT** àti **HTTP Ipilẹ ìfọwọ́sowọ́pọ̀**. +* Àwọn ìlànà ìlọsíwájú (ṣùgbọ́n tí ó rọrùn bákan náà) fún ìkéde **àwọn àwòṣe JSON tó jinlẹ̀** (ọpẹ́ pàtàkìsi sí Pydantic). +* Iṣọpọ **GraphQL** pẹ̀lú Strawberry àti àwọn ohun èlò ìwé kóòdù afọwọkọ mìíràn tí kò yí padà. +* Ọpọlọpọ àwọn àfikún àwọn ẹ̀yà (ọpẹ́ pàtàkìsi sí Starlette) bí: + * **WebSockets** + * àwọn ìdánwò tí ó rọrùn púpọ̀ lórí HTTPX àti `pytest` + * **CORS** + * **Cookie Sessions** + * ...àti síwájú síi. + +## Ìṣesí + +Àwọn àlá TechEmpower fi hàn pé **FastAPI** ń ṣiṣẹ́ lábẹ́ Uvicorn gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọ̀kan lára àwọn ìlànà Python tí ó yára jùlọ tí ó wà, ní ìsàlẹ̀ Starlette àti Uvicorn fúnra wọn (tí FastAPI ń lò fúnra rẹ̀). (*) + +Láti ní òye síi nípa rẹ̀, wo abala àwọn Àlá. + +## Àṣàyàn Àwọn Àfikún Ìgbẹ́kẹ̀lé Kóòdù + +Èyí tí Pydantic ń lò: + +* email_validator - fún ifọwọsi ímeèlì. +* pydantic-settings - fún ètò ìsàkóso. +* pydantic-extra-types - fún àfikún oríṣi láti lọ pẹ̀lú Pydantic. + +Èyí tí Starlette ń lò: + +* httpx - Nílò tí ó bá fẹ́ láti lọ `TestClient`. +* jinja2 - Nílò tí ó bá fẹ́ láti lọ iṣeto awoṣe aiyipada. +* python-multipart - Nílò tí ó bá fẹ́ láti ṣe àtìlẹ́yìn fún "àyẹ̀wò" fọọmu, pẹ̀lú `request.form()`. +* itsdangerous - Nílò fún àtìlẹ́yìn `SessionMiddleware`. +* pyyaml - Nílò fún àtìlẹ́yìn Starlette's `SchemaGenerator` (ó ṣe ṣe kí ó má nílò rẹ̀ fún FastAPI). +* ujson - Nílò tí ó bá fẹ́ láti lọ `UJSONResponse`. + +Èyí tí FastAPI / Starlette ń lò: + +* uvicorn - Fún olupin tí yóò sẹ́ àmúyẹ àti tí yóò ṣe ìpèsè fún iṣẹ́ rẹ tàbí ohun èlò rẹ. +* orjson - Nílò tí ó bá fẹ́ láti lọ `ORJSONResponse`. + +Ó lè fi gbogbo àwọn wọ̀nyí sórí ẹrọ pẹ̀lú `pip install "fastapi[all]"`. + +## Iwe-aṣẹ + +Iṣẹ́ yìí ni iwe-aṣẹ lábẹ́ àwọn òfin tí iwe-aṣẹ MIT. diff --git a/docs/yo/mkdocs.yml b/docs/yo/mkdocs.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de18856f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/yo/mkdocs.yml @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/zh-hant/docs/index.md b/docs/zh-hant/docs/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e7a2efec9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh-hant/docs/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,470 @@ +

+ FastAPI +

+

+ FastAPI 框架，高效能，易於學習，快速開發，適用於生產環境 +

+

+ + Test + + + Coverage + + + Package version + + + Supported Python versions + +

+ +--- + +**文件**： https://fastapi.tiangolo.com + +**程式碼**： https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi + +--- + +FastAPI 是一個現代、快速（高效能）的 web 框架，用於 Python 3.8+ 並採用標準 Python 型別提示。 + +主要特點包含： + +- **快速**： 非常高的效能，可與 **NodeJS** 和 **Go** 效能相當 (歸功於 Starlette and Pydantic)。 [FastAPI 是最快的 Python web 框架之一](#performance)。 +- **極速開發**： 提高開發功能的速度約 200% 至 300%。 \* +- **更少的 Bug**： 減少約 40% 的人為（開發者）導致的錯誤。 \* +- **直覺**： 具有出色的編輯器支援，處處都有自動補全以減少偵錯時間。 +- **簡單**： 設計上易於使用和學習，大幅減少閱讀文件的時間。 +- **簡潔**： 最小化程式碼重複性。可以通過不同的參數聲明來實現更豐富的功能，和更少的錯誤。 +- **穩健**： 立即獲得生產級可用的程式碼，還有自動生成互動式文件。 +- **標準化**： 基於 (且完全相容於) OpenAPIs 的相關標準：OpenAPI（之前被稱為 Swagger）和JSON Schema。 + +\* 基於內部開發團隊在建立生產應用程式時的測試預估。 + +## 贊助 + + + +{% if sponsors %} +{% for sponsor in sponsors.gold -%} + +{% endfor -%} +{%- for sponsor in sponsors.silver -%} + +{% endfor %} +{% endif %} + + + +其他贊助商 + +## 評價 + +"_[...] 近期大量的使用 **FastAPI**。 [...] 目前正在計畫在**微軟**團隊的**機器學習**服務中導入。其中一些正在整合到核心的 **Windows** 產品和一些 **Office** 產品。_" + +
Kabir Khan - Microsoft (ref)
+ +--- + +"_我們使用 **FastAPI** 來建立產生**預測**結果的 **REST** 伺服器。 [for Ludwig]_" + +
Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - Uber (ref)
+ +--- + +"_**Netflix** 很榮幸地宣布開源**危機管理**協調框架： **Dispatch**! [是使用 **FastAPI** 建構]_" + +
Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - Netflix (ref)
+ +--- + +"_我對 **FastAPI** 興奮得不得了。它太有趣了！_" + +
Brian Okken - Python Bytes podcast host (ref)
+ +--- + +"_老實說，你建造的東西看起來非常堅固和精緻。在很多方面，這就是我想要的，看到有人建造它真的很鼓舞人心。_" + +
Timothy Crosley - Hug creator (ref)
+ +--- + +"_如果您想學習一種用於構建 REST API 的**現代框架**，不能錯過 **FastAPI** [...] 它非常快速、且易於使用和學習 [...]_" + +"_我們的 **APIs** 已經改用 **FastAPI** [...] 我想你會喜歡它 [...]_" + +
Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - Explosion AI 創辦人 - spaCy creators (ref) - (ref)
+ +--- + +"_如果有人想要建立一個生產環境的 Python API，我強烈推薦 **FastAPI**，它**設計精美**，**使用簡單**且**高度可擴充**，它已成為我們 API 優先開發策略中的**關鍵組件**，並且驅動了許多自動化服務，例如我們的 Virtual TAC Engineer。_" + +
Deon Pillsbury - Cisco (ref)
+ +--- + +## **Typer**，命令列中的 FastAPI + + + +如果你不是在開發網頁 API，而是正在開發一個在終端機中運行的命令列應用程式，不妨嘗試 **Typer**。 + +**Typer** 是 FastAPI 的小兄弟。他立志成為命令列的 **FastAPI**。 ⌨️ 🚀 + +## 安裝需求 + +Python 3.8+ + +FastAPI 是站在以下巨人的肩膀上： + +- Starlette 負責網頁的部分 +- Pydantic 負責資料的部分 + +## 安裝 + +
+ +```console +$ pip install fastapi + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +你同時也會需要 ASGI 伺服器用於生產環境，像是 Uvicorn 或 Hypercorn。 + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +## 範例 + +### 建立 + +- 建立一個 python 檔案 `main.py`，並寫入以下程式碼： + +```Python +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +
+或可以使用 async def... + +如果你的程式使用 `async` / `await`，請使用 `async def`： + +```Python hl_lines="9 14" +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +async def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +**注意**： + +如果你不知道是否會用到，可以查看 _"In a hurry?"_ 章節中，關於 `async` 和 `await` 的部分。 + +
+ +### 運行 + +使用以下指令運行伺服器： + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started reloader process [28720] +INFO: Started server process [28722] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +
+關於指令 uvicorn main:app --reload... + +該指令 `uvicorn main:app` 指的是： + +- `main`：`main.py` 檔案（一個 python 的 "模組"）。 +- `app`：在 `main.py` 檔案中，使用 `app = FastAPI()` 建立的物件。 +- `--reload`：程式碼更改後會自動重新啟動，請僅在開發時使用此參數。 + +
+ +### 檢查 + +使用瀏覽器開啟 http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery。 + +你將會看到以下的 JSON 回應： + +```JSON +{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} +``` + +你已經建立了一個具有以下功能的 API： + +- 透過路徑 `/` 和 `/items/{item_id}` 接受 HTTP 請求。 +- 以上路經都接受 `GET` 請求（也被稱為 HTTP _方法_）。 +- 路徑 `/items/{item_id}` 有一個 `int` 型別的 `item_id` 參數。 +- 路徑 `/items/{item_id}` 有一個 `str` 型別的查詢參數 `q`。 + +### 互動式 API 文件 + +使用瀏覽器開啟 http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs。 + +你會看到自動生成的互動式 API 文件（由 Swagger UI 生成）： + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +### ReDoc API 文件 + +使用瀏覽器開啟 http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc。 + +你將看到 ReDoc 文件 (由 ReDoc 生成)： + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +## 範例升級 + +現在繼續修改 `main.py` 檔案，來接收一個帶有 body 的 `PUT` 請求。 + +我們使用 Pydantic 來使用標準的 Python 型別聲明請求。 + +```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + price: float + is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} +``` + +伺服器將自動重新載入（因為在上一步中，你向 `uvicorn` 指令添加了 `--reload` 的選項）。 + +### 互動式 API 文件升級 + +使用瀏覽器開啟 http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs。 + +- 互動式 API 文件會自動更新，並加入新的 body 請求： + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-03-swagger-02.png) + +- 點擊 "Try it out" 按鈕， 你可以填寫參數並直接與 API 互動： + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-04-swagger-03.png) + +- 然後點擊 "Execute" 按鈕，使用者介面將會向 API 發送請求，並將結果顯示在螢幕上： + +![Swagger UI interaction](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-05-swagger-04.png) + +### ReDoc API 文件升級 + +使用瀏覽器開啟 http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc。 + +- ReDoc API 文件會自動更新，並加入新的參數和 body 請求： + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png) + +### 總結 + +總結來說， 你就像宣告函式的參數型別一樣，只宣告了一次請求參數和請求主體參數等型別。 + +你使用 Python 標準型別來完成聲明。 + +你不需要學習新的語法、類別、方法或函式庫等等。 + +只需要使用 **Python 3.8 以上的版本**。 + +舉個範例，比如宣告 int 的型別： + +```Python +item_id: int +``` + +或是一個更複雜的 `Item` 模型： + +```Python +item: Item +``` + +在進行一次宣告後，你將獲得： + +- 編輯器支援： + - 自動補全 + - 型別檢查 +- 資料驗證： + - 驗證失敗時自動生成清楚的錯誤訊息 + - 可驗證多層巢狀的 JSON 物件 +- 轉換輸入的資料： 轉換來自網路請求到 Python 資料型別。包含以下數據： + - JSON + - 路徑參數 + - 查詢參數 + - Cookies + - 請求標頭 + - 表單 + - 文件 +- 轉換輸出的資料： 轉換 Python 資料型別到網路傳輸的 JSON： + - 轉換 Python 型別 (`str`、 `int`、 `float`、 `bool`、 `list` 等) + - `datetime` 物件 + - `UUID` 物件 + - 數據模型 + - ...還有其他更多 +- 自動生成的 API 文件，包含 2 種不同的使用介面： + - Swagger UI + - ReDoc + +--- + +回到前面的的程式碼範例，**FastAPI** 還會： + +- 驗證 `GET` 和 `PUT` 請求路徑中是否包含 `item_id`。 +- 驗證 `GET` 和 `PUT` 請求中的 `item_id` 是否是 `int` 型別。 + - 如果驗證失敗，將會返回清楚有用的錯誤訊息。 +- 查看 `GET` 請求中是否有命名為 `q` 的查詢參數 (例如 `http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery`)。 + - 因為 `q` 參數被宣告為 `= None`，所以是選填的。 + - 如果沒有宣告 `None`，則此參數將會是必填 (例如 `PUT` 範例的請求 body)。 +- 對於 `PUT` 的請求 `/items/{item_id}`，將會讀取 body 為 JSON： + - 驗證是否有必填屬性 `name` 且型別是 `str`。 + - 驗證是否有必填屬性 `price` 且型別是 `float`。 + - 驗證是否有選填屬性 `is_offer` 且型別是 `bool`。 + - 以上驗證都適用於多層次巢狀 JSON 物件。 +- 自動轉換 JSON 格式。 +- 透過 OpenAPI 文件來記錄所有內容，可以被用於： + - 互動式文件系統。 + - 自動為多種程式語言生成用戶端的程式碼。 +- 提供兩種交互式文件介面。 + +--- + +雖然我們只敘述了表面的功能，但其實你已經理解了它是如何執行。 + +試著修改以下程式碼： + +```Python + return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} +``` + +從： + +```Python + ... "item_name": item.name ... +``` + +修改為： + +```Python + ... "item_price": item.price ... +``` + +然後觀察你的編輯器，會自動補全並且還知道他們的型別： + +![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png) + +有關更多功能的完整範例，可以參考 教學 - 使用者指南。 + +**劇透警告**： 教學 - 使用者指南內容有： + +- 對來自不同地方的**參數**進行宣告：像是 **headers**, **cookies**, **form 表單**以及**上傳檔案**。 +- 如何設定 **驗證限制** 像是 `maximum_length` or `regex`。 +- 簡單且非常容易使用的 **依賴注入** 系統。 +- 安全性和身份驗證，包含提供支援 **OAuth2**、**JWT tokens** 和 **HTTP Basic** 驗證。 +- 更進階 (但同樣簡單) 的宣告 **多層次的巢狀 JSON 格式** (感謝 Pydantic)。 +- **GraphQL** 與 Strawberry 以及其他的相關函式庫進行整合。 +- 更多其他的功能 (感謝 Starlette) 像是： + - **WebSockets** + - 於 HTTPX 和 `pytest` 的非常簡單測試 + - **CORS** + - **Cookie Sessions** + - ...以及更多 + +## 效能 + +來自獨立機構 TechEmpower 的測試結果，顯示在 Uvicorn 執行下的 **FastAPI** 是 最快的 Python 框架之一， 僅次於 Starlette 和 Uvicorn 本身 (兩者是 FastAPI 的底層)。 (\*) + +想了解更多訊息，可以參考 測試結果。 + +## 可選的依賴套件 + +用於 Pydantic： + +- email_validator - 用於電子郵件驗證。 +- pydantic-settings - 用於設定管理。 +- pydantic-extra-types - 用於與 Pydantic 一起使用的額外型別。 + +用於 Starlette： + +- httpx - 使用 `TestClient`時必須安裝。 +- jinja2 - 使用預設的模板配置時必須安裝。 +- python-multipart - 需要使用 `request.form()` 對表單進行 "解析" 時安裝。 +- itsdangerous - 需要使用 `SessionMiddleware` 支援時安裝。 +- pyyaml - 用於支援 Starlette 的 `SchemaGenerator` (如果你使用 FastAPI，可能不需要它)。 +- ujson - 使用 `UJSONResponse` 時必須安裝。 + +用於 FastAPI / Starlette： + +- uvicorn - 用於加載和運行應用程式的服務器。 +- orjson - 使用 `ORJSONResponse`時必須安裝。 + +你可以使用 `pip install "fastapi[all]"` 來安裝這些所有依賴套件。 + +## 授權 + +該項目遵循 MIT 許可協議。 diff --git a/docs/zh-hant/mkdocs.yml b/docs/zh-hant/mkdocs.yml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de18856f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh-hant/mkdocs.yml @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2a1e1ed89 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/additional-responses.md @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ +# OPENAPI 中的其他响应 + +您可以声明附加响应，包括附加状态代码、媒体类型、描述等。 + +这些额外的响应将包含在OpenAPI模式中，因此它们也将出现在API文档中。 + +但是对于那些额外的响应，你必须确保你直接返回一个像 `JSONResponse` 一样的 `Response` ，并包含你的状态代码和内容。 + +## `model`附加响应 +您可以向路径操作装饰器传递参数 `responses` 。 + +它接收一个 `dict`，键是每个响应的状态代码（如`200`），值是包含每个响应信息的其他 `dict`。 + +每个响应字典都可以有一个关键模型，其中包含一个 `Pydantic` 模型，就像 `response_model` 一样。 + +**FastAPI**将采用该模型，生成其`JSON Schema`并将其包含在`OpenAPI`中的正确位置。 + +例如，要声明另一个具有状态码 `404` 和`Pydantic`模型 `Message` 的响应，可以写： +```Python hl_lines="18 22" +{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py!} +``` + + +!!! Note + 请记住，您必须直接返回 `JSONResponse` 。 + +!!! Info + `model` 密钥不是OpenAPI的一部分。 + **FastAPI**将从那里获取`Pydantic`模型，生成` JSON Schema` ，并将其放在正确的位置。 + - 正确的位置是： + - 在键 `content` 中，其具有另一个`JSON`对象（ `dict` ）作为值，该`JSON`对象包含： + - 媒体类型的密钥，例如 `application/json` ，它包含另一个`JSON`对象作为值，该对象包含： + - 一个键` schema` ，它的值是来自模型的`JSON Schema`，正确的位置在这里。 + - **FastAPI**在这里添加了对OpenAPI中另一个地方的全局JSON模式的引用，而不是直接包含它。这样，其他应用程序和客户端可以直接使用这些JSON模式，提供更好的代码生成工具等。 + + +**在OpenAPI中为该路径操作生成的响应将是：** + +```json hl_lines="3-12" +{ + "responses": { + "404": { + "description": "Additional Response", + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Message" + } + } + } + }, + "200": { + "description": "Successful Response", + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Item" + } + } + } + }, + "422": { + "description": "Validation Error", + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/HTTPValidationError" + } + } + } + } + } +} + +``` +**模式被引用到OpenAPI模式中的另一个位置：** +```json hl_lines="4-16" +{ + "components": { + "schemas": { + "Message": { + "title": "Message", + "required": [ + "message" + ], + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "message": { + "title": "Message", + "type": "string" + } + } + }, + "Item": { + "title": "Item", + "required": [ + "id", + "value" + ], + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "id": { + "title": "Id", + "type": "string" + }, + "value": { + "title": "Value", + "type": "string" + } + } + }, + "ValidationError": { + "title": "ValidationError", + "required": [ + "loc", + "msg", + "type" + ], + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "loc": { + "title": "Location", + "type": "array", + "items": { + "type": "string" + } + }, + "msg": { + "title": "Message", + "type": "string" + }, + "type": { + "title": "Error Type", + "type": "string" + } + } + }, + "HTTPValidationError": { + "title": "HTTPValidationError", + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "detail": { + "title": "Detail", + "type": "array", + "items": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/ValidationError" + } + } + } + } + } + } +} + +``` +## 主响应的其他媒体类型 + +您可以使用相同的 `responses` 参数为相同的主响应添加不同的媒体类型。 + +例如，您可以添加一个额外的媒体类型` image/png` ，声明您的路径操作可以返回JSON对象（媒体类型 `application/json` ）或PNG图像： + +```Python hl_lines="19-24 28" +{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +!!! Note + - 请注意，您必须直接使用 `FileResponse` 返回图像。 + +!!! Info + - 除非在 `responses` 参数中明确指定不同的媒体类型，否则**FastAPI**将假定响应与主响应类具有相同的媒体类型（默认为` application/json` ）。 + - 但是如果您指定了一个自定义响应类，并将 `None `作为其媒体类型，**FastAPI**将使用 `application/json` 作为具有关联模型的任何其他响应。 + +## 组合信息 +您还可以联合接收来自多个位置的响应信息，包括 `response_model `、 `status_code` 和 `responses `参数。 + +您可以使用默认的状态码 `200` （或者您需要的自定义状态码）声明一个 `response_model `，然后直接在OpenAPI模式中在 `responses` 中声明相同响应的其他信息。 + +**FastAPI**将保留来自 `responses` 的附加信息，并将其与模型中的JSON Schema结合起来。 + +例如，您可以使用状态码 `404` 声明响应，该响应使用`Pydantic`模型并具有自定义的` description` 。 + +以及一个状态码为 `200` 的响应，它使用您的 `response_model` ，但包含自定义的 `example` ： + +```Python hl_lines="20-31" +{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +所有这些都将被合并并包含在您的OpenAPI中，并在API文档中显示： + +## 联合预定义响应和自定义响应 + +您可能希望有一些应用于许多路径操作的预定义响应，但是你想将不同的路径和自定义的相应组合在一块。 +对于这些情况，你可以使用Python的技术，将 `dict` 与 `**dict_to_unpack` 解包： +```Python +old_dict = { + "old key": "old value", + "second old key": "second old value", +} +new_dict = {**old_dict, "new key": "new value"} +``` + +这里， new_dict 将包含来自 old_dict 的所有键值对加上新的键值对： +```python +{ + "old key": "old value", + "second old key": "second old value", + "new key": "new value", +} +``` +您可以使用该技术在路径操作中重用一些预定义的响应，并将它们与其他自定义响应相结合。 +**例如：** +```Python hl_lines="13-17 26" +{!../../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial004.py!} +``` +## 有关OpenAPI响应的更多信息 + +要了解您可以在响应中包含哪些内容，您可以查看OpenAPI规范中的以下部分： + + [OpenAPI响应对象](https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/3.1.0.md#responsesObject)，它包括 Response Object 。 + + [OpenAPI响应对象](https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/master/versions/3.1.0.md#responseObject)，您可以直接在 `responses` 参数中的每个响应中包含任何内容。包括 `description` 、 `headers` 、 `content` （其中是声明不同的媒体类型和JSON Schemas）和 `links` 。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md index 1cb724f1d..54ec9775b 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/additional-status-codes.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ 要实现它，导入 `JSONResponse`，然后在其中直接返回你的内容，并将 `status_code` 设置为为你要的值。 -```Python hl_lines="2 19" +```Python hl_lines="4 25" {!../../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py!} ``` @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ 当你直接返回一个像上面例子中的 `Response` 对象时，它会直接返回。 FastAPI 不会用模型等对该响应进行序列化。 - + 确保其中有你想要的数据，且返回的值为合法的 JSON（如果你使用 `JSONResponse` 的话）。 !!! note "技术细节" diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/advanced-dependencies.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/advanced-dependencies.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b2f6e3559 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/advanced-dependencies.md @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +# 高级依赖项 + +## 参数化的依赖项 + +我们之前看到的所有依赖项都是写死的函数或类。 + +但也可以为依赖项设置参数，避免声明多个不同的函数或类。 + +假设要创建校验查询参数 `q` 是否包含固定内容的依赖项。 + +但此处要把待检验的固定内容定义为参数。 + +## **可调用**实例 + +Python 可以把类实例变为**可调用项**。 + +这里说的不是类本身（类本就是可调用项），而是类实例。 + +为此，需要声明 `__call__` 方法： + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!} +``` + +本例中，**FastAPI** 使用 `__call__` 检查附加参数及子依赖项，稍后，还要调用它向*路径操作函数*传递值。 + +## 参数化实例 + +接下来，使用 `__init__` 声明用于**参数化**依赖项的实例参数： + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!} +``` + +本例中，**FastAPI** 不使用 `__init__`，我们要直接在代码中使用。 + +## 创建实例 + +使用以下代码创建类实例： + +```Python hl_lines="16" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!} +``` + +这样就可以**参数化**依赖项，它包含 `checker.fixed_content` 的属性 - `"bar"`。 + +## 把实例作为依赖项 + +然后，不要再在 `Depends(checker)` 中使用 `Depends(FixedContentQueryChecker)`， 而是要使用 `checker`，因为依赖项是类实例 - `checker`，不是类。 + +处理依赖项时，**FastAPI** 以如下方式调用 `checker`： + +```Python +checker(q="somequery") +``` + +……并用*路径操作函数*的参数 `fixed_content_included` 返回依赖项的值： + +```Python hl_lines="20" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "提示" + + 本章示例有些刻意，也看不出有什么用处。 + + 这个简例只是为了说明高级依赖项的运作机制。 + + 在有关安全的章节中，工具函数将以这种方式实现。 + + 只要能理解本章内容，就能理解安全工具背后的运行机制。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/behind-a-proxy.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/behind-a-proxy.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..738bd7119 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/behind-a-proxy.md @@ -0,0 +1,351 @@ +# 使用代理 + +有些情况下，您可能要使用 Traefik 或 Nginx 等**代理**服务器，并添加应用不能识别的附加路径前缀配置。 + +此时，要使用 `root_path` 配置应用。 + +`root_path` 是 ASGI 规范提供的机制，FastAPI 就是基于此规范开发的（通过 Starlette）。 + +`root_path` 用于处理这些特定情况。 + +在挂载子应用时，也可以在内部使用。 + +## 移除路径前缀的代理 + +本例中，移除路径前缀的代理是指在代码中声明路径 `/app`，然后在应用顶层添加代理，把 **FastAPI** 应用放在 `/api/v1` 路径下。 + +本例的原始路径 `/app` 实际上是在 `/api/v1/app` 提供服务。 + +哪怕所有代码都假设只有 `/app`。 + +代理只在把请求传送给 Uvicorn 之前才会**移除路径前缀**，让应用以为它是在 `/app` 提供服务，因此不必在代码中加入前缀 `/api/v1`。 + +但之后，在（前端）打开 API 文档时，代理会要求在 `/openapi.json`，而不是 `/api/v1/openapi.json` 中提取 OpenAPI 概图。 + +因此， （运行在浏览器中的）前端会尝试访问 `/openapi.json`，但没有办法获取 OpenAPI 概图。 + +这是因为应用使用了以 `/api/v1` 为路径前缀的代理，前端要从 `/api/v1/openapi.json` 中提取 OpenAPI 概图。 + +```mermaid +graph LR + +browser("Browser") +proxy["Proxy on http://0.0.0.0:9999/api/v1/app"] +server["Server on http://127.0.0.1:8000/app"] + +browser --> proxy +proxy --> server +``` + +!!! tip "提示" + + IP `0.0.0.0` 常用于指程序监听本机或服务器上的所有有效 IP。 + +API 文档还需要 OpenAPI 概图声明 API `server` 位于 `/api/v1`（使用代理时的 URL）。例如： + +```JSON hl_lines="4-8" +{ + "openapi": "3.0.2", + // More stuff here + "servers": [ + { + "url": "/api/v1" + } + ], + "paths": { + // More stuff here + } +} +``` + +本例中的 `Proxy` 是 **Traefik**，`server` 是运行 FastAPI 应用的 **Uvicorn**。 + +### 提供 `root_path` + +为此，要以如下方式使用命令行选项 `--root-path`： + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --root-path /api/v1 + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +Hypercorn 也支持 `--root-path `选项。 + +!!! note "技术细节" + + ASGI 规范定义的 `root_path` 就是为了这种用例。 + + 并且 `--root-path` 命令行选项支持 `root_path`。 + +### 查看当前的 `root_path` + +获取应用为每个请求使用的当前 `root_path`，这是 `scope` 字典的内容（也是 ASGI 规范的内容）。 + +我们在这里的信息里包含 `roo_path` 只是为了演示。 + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/behind_a_proxy/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +然后，用以下命令启动 Uvicorn： + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --root-path /api/v1 + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +返回的响应如下： + +```JSON +{ + "message": "Hello World", + "root_path": "/api/v1" +} +``` + +### 在 FastAPI 应用里设置 `root_path` + +还有一种方案，如果不能提供 `--root-path` 或等效的命令行选项，则在创建 FastAPI 应用时要设置 `root_path` 参数。 + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/behind_a_proxy/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +传递 `root_path` 给 `FastAPI` 与传递 `--root-path` 命令行选项给 Uvicorn 或 Hypercorn 一样。 + +### 关于 `root_path` + +注意，服务器（Uvicorn）只是把 `root_path` 传递给应用。 + +在浏览器中输入 http://127.0.0.1:8000/app 时能看到标准响应： + +```JSON +{ + "message": "Hello World", + "root_path": "/api/v1" +} +``` + +它不要求访问 `http://127.0.0.1:800/api/v1/app`。 + +Uvicorn 预期代理在 `http://127.0.0.1:8000/app` 访问 Uvicorn，而在顶部添加 `/api/v1` 前缀是代理要做的事情。 + +## 关于移除路径前缀的代理 + +注意，移除路径前缀的代理只是配置代理的方式之一。 + +大部分情况下，代理默认都不会移除路径前缀。 + +（未移除路径前缀时）代理监听 `https://myawesomeapp.com` 等对象，如果浏览器跳转到 `https://myawesomeapp.com/api/v1/app`，且服务器（例如 Uvicorn）监听 `http://127.0.0.1:8000` 代理（未移除路径前缀） 会在同样的路径：`http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/app` 访问 Uvicorn。 + +## 本地测试 Traefik + +您可以轻易地在本地使用 Traefik 运行移除路径前缀的试验。 + +下载 Traefik，这是一个二进制文件，需要解压文件，并在 Terminal 中直接运行。 + +然后创建包含如下内容的 `traefik.toml` 文件： + +```TOML hl_lines="3" +[entryPoints] + [entryPoints.http] + address = ":9999" + +[providers] + [providers.file] + filename = "routes.toml" +``` + +这个文件把 Traefik 监听端口设置为 `9999`，并设置要使用另一个文件 `routes.toml`。 + +!!! tip "提示" + + 使用端口 9999 代替标准的 HTTP 端口 80，这样就不必使用管理员权限运行（`sudo`）。 + +接下来，创建 `routes.toml`： + +```TOML hl_lines="5 12 20" +[http] + [http.middlewares] + + [http.middlewares.api-stripprefix.stripPrefix] + prefixes = ["/api/v1"] + + [http.routers] + + [http.routers.app-http] + entryPoints = ["http"] + service = "app" + rule = "PathPrefix(`/api/v1`)" + middlewares = ["api-stripprefix"] + + [http.services] + + [http.services.app] + [http.services.app.loadBalancer] + [[http.services.app.loadBalancer.servers]] + url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000" +``` + +这个文件配置 Traefik 使用路径前缀 `/api/v1`。 + +然后，它把请求重定位到运行在 `http://127.0.0.1:8000` 上的 Uvicorn。 + +现在，启动 Traefik： + +
+ +```console +$ ./traefik --configFile=traefik.toml + +INFO[0000] Configuration loaded from file: /home/user/awesomeapi/traefik.toml +``` + +
+ +接下来，使用 Uvicorn 启动应用，并使用 `--root-path` 选项： + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --root-path /api/v1 + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +### 查看响应 + +访问含 Uvicorn 端口的 URL：http://127.0.0.1:8000/app，就能看到标准响应： + +```JSON +{ + "message": "Hello World", + "root_path": "/api/v1" +} +``` + +!!! tip "提示" + + 注意，就算访问 `http://127.0.0.1:8000/app`，也显示从选项 `--root-path` 中提取的 `/api/v1`，这是 `root_path` 的值。 + +打开含 Traefik 端口的 URL，包含路径前缀：http://127.0.0.1:9999/api/v1/app。 + +得到同样的响应： + +```JSON +{ + "message": "Hello World", + "root_path": "/api/v1" +} +``` + +但这一次 URL 包含了代理提供的路径前缀：`/api/v1`。 + +当然，这是通过代理访问应用的方式，因此，路径前缀 `/app/v1` 版本才是**正确**的。 + +而不带路径前缀的版本（`http://127.0.0.1:8000/app`），则由 Uvicorn 直接提供，专供*代理*（Traefik）访问。 + +这演示了代理（Traefik）如何使用路径前缀，以及服务器（Uvicorn）如何使用选项 `--root-path` 中的 `root_path`。 + +### 查看文档 + +但这才是有趣的地方 ✨ + +访问应用的**官方**方式是通过含路径前缀的代理。因此，不出所料，如果没有在 URL 中添加路径前缀，直接访问通过 Uvicorn 运行的 API 文档，不能正常访问，因为需要通过代理才能访问。 + +输入 http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs 查看 API 文档： + + + +但输入**官方**链接 `/api/v1/docs`，并使用端口 `9999` 访问 API 文档，就能正常运行了！🎉 + +输入 http://127.0.0.1:9999/api/v1/docs 查看文档： + + + +一切正常。 ✔️ + +这是因为 FastAPI 在 OpenAPI 里使用 `root_path` 提供的 URL 创建默认 `server`。 + +## 附加的服务器 + +!!! warning "警告" + + 此用例较难，可以跳过。 + +默认情况下，**FastAPI** 使用 `root_path` 的链接在 OpenAPI 概图中创建 `server`。 + +但也可以使用其它备选 `servers`，例如，需要同一个 API 文档与 staging 和生产环境交互。 + +如果传递自定义 `servers` 列表，并有 `root_path`（ 因为 API 使用了代理），**FastAPI** 会在列表开头使用这个 `root_path` 插入**服务器**。 + +例如： + +```Python hl_lines="4-7" +{!../../../docs_src/behind_a_proxy/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +这段代码生产如下 OpenAPI 概图： + +```JSON hl_lines="5-7" +{ + "openapi": "3.0.2", + // More stuff here + "servers": [ + { + "url": "/api/v1" + }, + { + "url": "https://stag.example.com", + "description": "Staging environment" + }, + { + "url": "https://prod.example.com", + "description": "Production environment" + } + ], + "paths": { + // More stuff here + } +} +``` + +!!! tip "提示" + + 注意，自动生成服务器时，`url` 的值 `/api/v1` 提取自 `roog_path`。 + +http://127.0.0.1:9999/api/v1/docs 的 API 文档所示如下： + + + +!!! tip "提示" + + API 文档与所选的服务器进行交互。 + +### 从 `root_path` 禁用自动服务器 + +如果不想让 **FastAPI** 包含使用 `root_path` 的自动服务器，则要使用参数 `root_path_in_servers=False`： + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/behind_a_proxy/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +这样，就不会在 OpenAPI 概图中包含服务器了。 + +## 挂载子应用 + +如需挂载子应用（详见 [子应用 - 挂载](./sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}），也要通过 `root_path` 使用代理，这与正常应用一样，别无二致。 + +FastAPI 在内部使用 `root_path`，因此子应用也可以正常运行。✨ diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/custom-response.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/custom-response.md index 5f1a74e9e..155ce2882 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/custom-response.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/custom-response.md @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ 正如你在 [直接返回响应](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 中了解到的，你也可以通过直接返回响应在 *路径操作* 中直接重载响应。 和上面一样的例子，返回一个 `HTMLResponse` 看起来可能是这样： - + ```Python hl_lines="2 7 19" {!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial003.py!} ``` diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/events.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/events.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6017b8ef0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/events.md @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +# 事件：启动 - 关闭 + +**FastAPI** 支持定义在应用启动前，或应用关闭后执行的事件处理器（函数）。 + +事件函数既可以声明为异步函数（`async def`），也可以声明为普通函数（`def`）。 + +!!! warning "警告" + + **FastAPI** 只执行主应用中的事件处理器，不执行[子应用 - 挂载](./sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}中的事件处理器。 + +## `startup` 事件 + +使用 `startup` 事件声明 `app` 启动前运行的函数： + +```Python hl_lines="8" +{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +本例中，`startup` 事件处理器函数为项目数据库（只是**字典**）提供了一些初始值。 + +**FastAPI** 支持多个事件处理器函数。 + +只有所有 `startup` 事件处理器运行完毕，**FastAPI** 应用才开始接收请求。 + +## `shutdown` 事件 + +使用 `shutdown` 事件声明 `app` 关闭时运行的函数： + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +此处，`shutdown` 事件处理器函数在 `log.txt` 中写入一行文本 `Application shutdown`。 + +!!! info "说明" + + `open()` 函数中，`mode="a"` 指的是**追加**。因此这行文本会添加在文件已有内容之后，不会覆盖之前的内容。 + +!!! tip "提示" + + 注意，本例使用 Python `open()` 标准函数与文件交互。 + + 这个函数执行 I/O（输入/输出）操作，需要等待内容写进磁盘。 + + 但 `open()` 函数不支持使用 `async` 与 `await`。 + + 因此，声明事件处理函数要使用 `def`，不能使用 `asnyc def`。 + +!!! info "说明" + + 有关事件处理器的详情，请参阅 Starlette 官档 - 事件。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/generate-clients.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/generate-clients.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e222e479c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/generate-clients.md @@ -0,0 +1,266 @@ +# 生成客户端 + +因为 **FastAPI** 是基于OpenAPI规范的，自然您可以使用许多相匹配的工具，包括自动生成API文档 (由 Swagger UI 提供)。 + +一个不太明显而又特别的优势是，你可以为你的API针对不同的**编程语言**来**生成客户端**(有时候被叫做 **SDKs** )。 + +## OpenAPI 客户端生成 + +有许多工具可以从**OpenAPI**生成客户端。 + +一个常见的工具是 OpenAPI Generator。 + +如果您正在开发**前端**，一个非常有趣的替代方案是 openapi-typescript-codegen。 + +## 生成一个 TypeScript 前端客户端 + +让我们从一个简单的 FastAPI 应用开始： + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7-9 12-13 16-17 21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-11 14-15 18 19 23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +请注意，*路径操作* 定义了他们所用于请求数据和回应数据的模型，所使用的模型是`Item` 和 `ResponseMessage`。 + +### API 文档 + +如果您访问API文档，您将看到它具有在请求中发送和在响应中接收数据的**模式(schemas)**： + + + +您可以看到这些模式，因为它们是用程序中的模型声明的。 + +那些信息可以在应用的 **OpenAPI模式** 被找到，然后显示在API文档中（通过Swagger UI）。 + +OpenAPI中所包含的模型里有相同的信息可以用于 **生成客户端代码**。 + +### 生成一个TypeScript 客户端 + +现在我们有了带有模型的应用，我们可以为前端生成客户端代码。 + +#### 安装 `openapi-typescript-codegen` + +您可以使用以下工具在前端代码中安装 `openapi-typescript-codegen`: + +
+ +```console +$ npm install openapi-typescript-codegen --save-dev + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +#### 生成客户端代码 + +要生成客户端代码，您可以使用现在将要安装的命令行应用程序 `openapi`。 + +因为它安装在本地项目中，所以您可能无法直接使用此命令，但您可以将其放在 `package.json` 文件中。 + +它可能看起来是这样的: + +```JSON hl_lines="7" +{ + "name": "frontend-app", + "version": "1.0.0", + "description": "", + "main": "index.js", + "scripts": { + "generate-client": "openapi --input http://localhost:8000/openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios" + }, + "author": "", + "license": "", + "devDependencies": { + "openapi-typescript-codegen": "^0.20.1", + "typescript": "^4.6.2" + } +} +``` + +在这里添加 NPM `generate-client` 脚本后，您可以使用以下命令运行它: + +
+ +```console +$ npm run generate-client + +frontend-app@1.0.0 generate-client /home/user/code/frontend-app +> openapi --input http://localhost:8000/openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios +``` + +
+ +此命令将在 `./src/client` 中生成代码，并将在其内部使用 `axios`（前端HTTP库）。 + +### 尝试客户端代码 + +现在您可以导入并使用客户端代码，它可能看起来像这样，请注意，您可以为这些方法使用自动补全： + + + +您还将自动补全要发送的数据： + + + +!!! tip + 请注意， `name` 和 `price` 的自动补全，是通过其在`Item`模型(FastAPI)中的定义实现的。 + +如果发送的数据字段不符，你也会看到编辑器的错误提示: + + + +响应(response)对象也拥有自动补全: + + + +## 带有标签的 FastAPI 应用 + +在许多情况下，你的FastAPI应用程序会更复杂，你可能会使用标签来分隔不同组的*路径操作(path operations)*。 + +例如，您可以有一个用 `items` 的部分和另一个用于 `users` 的部分，它们可以用标签来分隔： + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="21 26 34" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="23 28 36" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +### 生成带有标签的 TypeScript 客户端 + +如果您使用标签为FastAPI应用生成客户端，它通常也会根据标签分割客户端代码。 + +通过这种方式，您将能够为客户端代码进行正确地排序和分组： + + + +在这个案例中，您有： + +* `ItemsService` +* `UsersService` + +### 客户端方法名称 + +现在生成的方法名像 `createItemItemsPost` 看起来不太简洁: + +```TypeScript +ItemsService.createItemItemsPost({name: "Plumbus", price: 5}) +``` + +...这是因为客户端生成器为每个 *路径操作* 使用OpenAPI的内部 **操作 ID(operation ID)**。 + +OpenAPI要求每个操作 ID 在所有 *路径操作* 中都是唯一的，因此 FastAPI 使用**函数名**、**路径**和**HTTP方法/操作**来生成此操作ID，因为这样可以确保这些操作 ID 是唯一的。 + +但接下来我会告诉你如何改进。 🤓 + +## 自定义操作ID和更好的方法名 + +您可以**修改**这些操作ID的**生成**方式，以使其更简洁，并在客户端中具有**更简洁的方法名称**。 + +在这种情况下，您必须确保每个操作ID在其他方面是**唯一**的。 + +例如，您可以确保每个*路径操作*都有一个标签，然后根据**标签**和*路径操作***名称**（函数名）来生成操作ID。 + +### 自定义生成唯一ID函数 + +FastAPI为每个*路径操作*使用一个**唯一ID**，它用于**操作ID**，也用于任何所需自定义模型的名称，用于请求或响应。 + +你可以自定义该函数。它接受一个 `APIRoute` 对象作为输入，并输出一个字符串。 + +例如，以下是一个示例，它使用第一个标签（你可能只有一个标签）和*路径操作*名称（函数名）。 + +然后，你可以将这个自定义函数作为 `generate_unique_id_function` 参数传递给 **FastAPI**: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="6-7 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8-9 12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +### 使用自定义操作ID生成TypeScript客户端 + +现在，如果你再次生成客户端，你会发现它具有改善的方法名称： + + + +正如你所见，现在方法名称中只包含标签和函数名，不再包含URL路径和HTTP操作的信息。 + +### 预处理用于客户端生成器的OpenAPI规范 + +生成的代码仍然存在一些**重复的信息**。 + +我们已经知道该方法与 **items** 相关，因为它在 `ItemsService` 中（从标签中获取），但方法名中仍然有标签名作为前缀。😕 + +一般情况下对于OpenAPI，我们可能仍然希望保留它，因为这将确保操作ID是**唯一的**。 + +但对于生成的客户端，我们可以在生成客户端之前**修改** OpenAPI 操作ID，以使方法名称更加美观和**简洁**。 + +我们可以将 OpenAPI JSON 下载到一个名为`openapi.json`的文件中，然后使用以下脚本**删除此前缀的标签**： + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +通过这样做，操作ID将从类似于 `items-get_items` 的名称重命名为 `get_items` ，这样客户端生成器就可以生成更简洁的方法名称。 + +### 使用预处理的OpenAPI生成TypeScript客户端 + +现在，由于最终结果保存在文件openapi.json中，你可以修改 package.json 文件以使用此本地文件，例如： + +```JSON hl_lines="7" +{ + "name": "frontend-app", + "version": "1.0.0", + "description": "", + "main": "index.js", + "scripts": { + "generate-client": "openapi --input ./openapi.json --output ./src/client --client axios" + }, + "author": "", + "license": "", + "devDependencies": { + "openapi-typescript-codegen": "^0.20.1", + "typescript": "^4.6.2" + } +} +``` + +生成新的客户端之后，你现在将拥有**清晰的方法名称**，具备**自动补全**、**错误提示**等功能： + + + +## 优点 + +当使用自动生成的客户端时，你将获得以下的自动补全功能： + +* 方法。 +* 请求体中的数据、查询参数等。 +* 响应数据。 + +你还将获得针对所有内容的错误提示。 + +每当你更新后端代码并**重新生成**前端代码时，新的*路径操作*将作为方法可用，旧的方法将被删除，并且其他任何更改将反映在生成的代码中。 🤓 + +这也意味着如果有任何更改，它将自动**反映**在客户端代码中。如果你**构建**客户端，在使用的数据上存在**不匹配**时，它将报错。 + +因此，你将在开发周期的早期**检测到许多错误**，而不必等待错误在生产环境中向最终用户展示，然后尝试调试问题所在。 ✨ diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/index.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/index.md index d71838cd7..824f91f47 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/index.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/index.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# 高级用户指南 - 简介 +# 高级用户指南 ## 额外特性 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-change-status-code.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-change-status-code.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a289cf201 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-change-status-code.md @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# 响应 - 更改状态码 + +你可能之前已经了解到，你可以设置默认的[响应状态码](../tutorial/response-status-code.md){.internal-link target=_blank}。 + +但在某些情况下，你需要返回一个不同于默认值的状态码。 + +## 使用场景 + +例如，假设你想默认返回一个HTTP状态码为“OK”`200`。 + +但如果数据不存在，你想创建它，并返回一个HTTP状态码为“CREATED”`201`。 + +但你仍然希望能够使用`response_model`过滤和转换你返回的数据。 + +对于这些情况，你可以使用一个`Response`参数。 + +## 使用 `Response` 参数 + +你可以在你的*路径操作函数*中声明一个`Response`类型的参数（就像你可以为cookies和头部做的那样）。 + +然后你可以在这个*临时*响应对象中设置`status_code`。 + +```Python hl_lines="1 9 12" +{!../../../docs_src/response_change_status_code/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +然后你可以像平常一样返回任何你需要的对象（例如一个`dict`或者一个数据库模型）。如果你声明了一个`response_model`，它仍然会被用来过滤和转换你返回的对象。 + +**FastAPI**将使用这个临时响应来提取状态码（也包括cookies和头部），并将它们放入包含你返回的值的最终响应中，该响应由任何`response_model`过滤。 + +你也可以在依赖项中声明`Response`参数，并在其中设置状态码。但请注意，最后设置的状态码将会生效。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-cookies.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-cookies.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e53c5319 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-cookies.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +# 响应Cookies + +## 使用 `Response` 参数 + +你可以在 *路径函数* 中定义一个类型为 `Response`的参数，这样你就可以在这个临时响应对象中设置cookie了。 + +```Python hl_lines="1 8-9" +{!../../../docs_src/response_cookies/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +而且你还可以根据你的需要响应不同的对象，比如常用的 `dict`，数据库model等。 + +如果你定义了 `response_model`，程序会自动根据`response_model`来过滤和转换你响应的对象。 + +**FastAPI** 会使用这个 *临时* 响应对象去装在这些cookies信息 (同样还有headers和状态码等信息), 最终会将这些信息和通过`response_model`转化过的数据合并到最终的响应里。 + +你也可以在depend中定义`Response`参数，并设置cookie和header。 + +## 直接响应 `Response` + +你还可以在直接响应`Response`时直接创建cookies。 + +你可以参考[Return a Response Directly](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}来创建response + +然后设置Cookies，并返回： + +```Python hl_lines="10-12" +{!../../../docs_src/response_cookies/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 需要注意，如果你直接反馈一个response对象，而不是使用`Response`入参，FastAPI则会直接反馈你封装的response对象。 + + 所以你需要确保你响应数据类型的正确性，如：你可以使用`JSONResponse`来兼容JSON的场景。 + + 同时，你也应当仅反馈通过`response_model`过滤过的数据。 + +### 更多信息 + +!!! note "技术细节" + 你也可以使用`from starlette.responses import Response` 或者 `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`。 + + 为了方便开发者，**FastAPI** 封装了相同数据类型，如`starlette.responses` 和 `fastapi.responses`。不过大部分response对象都是直接引用自Starlette。 + + 因为`Response`对象可以非常便捷的设置headers和cookies，所以 **FastAPI** 同时也封装了`fastapi.Response`。 + +如果你想查看所有可用的参数和选项，可以参考 Starlette帮助文档 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-directly.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-directly.md index 05926a9c8..797a878eb 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-directly.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-directly.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ 直接返回响应可能会有用处，比如返回自定义的响应头和 cookies。 -## 返回 `Response` +## 返回 `Response` 事实上，你可以返回任意 `Response` 或者任意 `Response` 的子类。 @@ -62,4 +62,3 @@ 但是你仍可以参考 [OpenApI 中的额外响应](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 给响应编写文档。 在后续的章节中你可以了解到如何使用/声明这些自定义的 `Response` 的同时还保留自动化的数据转换和文档等。 - diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-headers.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-headers.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..85dab15ac --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/response-headers.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +# 响应头 + +## 使用 `Response` 参数 + +你可以在你的*路径操作函数*中声明一个`Response`类型的参数（就像你可以为cookies做的那样）。 + +然后你可以在这个*临时*响应对象中设置头部。 +```Python hl_lines="1 7-8" +{!../../../docs_src/response_headers/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +然后你可以像平常一样返回任何你需要的对象（例如一个`dict`或者一个数据库模型）。如果你声明了一个`response_model`，它仍然会被用来过滤和转换你返回的对象。 + +**FastAPI**将使用这个临时响应来提取头部（也包括cookies和状态码），并将它们放入包含你返回的值的最终响应中，该响应由任何`response_model`过滤。 + +你也可以在依赖项中声明`Response`参数，并在其中设置头部（和cookies）。 + +## 直接返回 `Response` + +你也可以在直接返回`Response`时添加头部。 + +按照[直接返回响应](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}中所述创建响应，并将头部作为附加参数传递： +```Python hl_lines="10-12" +{!../../../docs_src/response_headers/tutorial001.py!} +``` + + +!!! 注意 "技术细节" + 你也可以使用`from starlette.responses import Response`或`from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`。 + + **FastAPI**提供了与`fastapi.responses`相同的`starlette.responses`，只是为了方便开发者。但是，大多数可用的响应都直接来自Starlette。 + + 由于`Response`经常用于设置头部和cookies，因此**FastAPI**还在`fastapi.Response`中提供了它。 + +## 自定义头部 + +请注意，可以使用'X-'前缀添加自定义专有头部。 + +但是，如果你有自定义头部，你希望浏览器中的客户端能够看到它们，你需要将它们添加到你的CORS配置中（在[CORS（跨源资源共享）](../tutorial/cors.md){.internal-link target=_blank}中阅读更多），使用在Starlette的CORS文档中记录的`expose_headers`参数。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/security/index.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/security/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fdc8075c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/security/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 高级安全 + +## 附加特性 + +除 [教程 - 用户指南: 安全性](../../tutorial/security/){.internal-link target=_blank} 中涵盖的功能之外，还有一些额外的功能来处理安全性. + +!!! tip "小贴士" + 接下来的章节 **并不一定是 "高级的"**. + + 而且对于你的使用场景来说，解决方案很可能就在其中。 + +## 先阅读教程 + +接下来的部分假设你已经阅读了主要的 [教程 - 用户指南: 安全性](../../tutorial/security/){.internal-link target=_blank}. + +它们都基于相同的概念，但支持一些额外的功能. diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/settings.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/settings.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..76070fb7f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/settings.md @@ -0,0 +1,433 @@ +# 设置和环境变量 + +在许多情况下，您的应用程序可能需要一些外部设置或配置，例如密钥、数据库凭据、电子邮件服务的凭据等等。 + +这些设置中的大多数是可变的（可以更改的），比如数据库的 URL。而且许多设置可能是敏感的，比如密钥。 + +因此，通常会将它们提供为由应用程序读取的环境变量。 + +## 环境变量 + +!!! tip + 如果您已经知道什么是"环境变量"以及如何使用它们，请随意跳到下面的下一节。 + +环境变量（也称为"env var"）是一种存在于 Python 代码之外、存在于操作系统中的变量，可以被您的 Python 代码（或其他程序）读取。 + +您可以在 shell 中创建和使用环境变量，而无需使用 Python： + +=== "Linux、macOS、Windows Bash" + +
+ + ```console + // 您可以创建一个名为 MY_NAME 的环境变量 + $ export MY_NAME="Wade Wilson" + + // 然后您可以与其他程序一起使用它，例如 + $ echo "Hello $MY_NAME" + + Hello Wade Wilson + ``` + +
+ +=== "Windows PowerShell" + +
+ + ```console + // 创建一个名为 MY_NAME 的环境变量 + $ $Env:MY_NAME = "Wade Wilson" + + // 与其他程序一起使用它，例如 + $ echo "Hello $Env:MY_NAME" + + Hello Wade Wilson + ``` + +
+ +### 在 Python 中读取环境变量 + +您还可以在 Python 之外的地方（例如终端中或使用任何其他方法）创建环境变量，然后在 Python 中读取它们。 + +例如，您可以有一个名为 `main.py` 的文件，其中包含以下内容： + +```Python hl_lines="3" +import os + +name = os.getenv("MY_NAME", "World") +print(f"Hello {name} from Python") +``` + +!!! tip + `os.getenv()` 的第二个参数是要返回的默认值。 + + 如果没有提供默认值，默认为 `None`，此处我们提供了 `"World"` 作为要使用的默认值。 + +然后，您可以调用该 Python 程序： + +
+ +```console +// 这里我们还没有设置环境变量 +$ python main.py + +// 因为我们没有设置环境变量，所以我们得到默认值 + +Hello World from Python + +// 但是如果我们先创建一个环境变量 +$ export MY_NAME="Wade Wilson" + +// 然后再次调用程序 +$ python main.py + +// 现在它可以读取环境变量 + +Hello Wade Wilson from Python +``` + +
+ +由于环境变量可以在代码之外设置，但可以由代码读取，并且不需要与其他文件一起存储（提交到 `git`），因此通常将它们用于配置或设置。 + + + +您还可以仅为特定程序调用创建一个环境变量，该环境变量仅对该程序可用，并且仅在其运行期间有效。 + +要做到这一点，在程序本身之前的同一行创建它： + +
+ +```console +// 在此程序调用行中创建一个名为 MY_NAME 的环境变量 +$ MY_NAME="Wade Wilson" python main.py + +// 现在它可以读取环境变量 + +Hello Wade Wilson from Python + +// 之后环境变量不再存在 +$ python main.py + +Hello World from Python +``` + +
+ +!!! tip + 您可以在 Twelve-Factor App: Config 中阅读更多相关信息。 + +### 类型和验证 + +这些环境变量只能处理文本字符串，因为它们是外部于 Python 的，并且必须与其他程序和整个系统兼容（甚至与不同的操作系统，如 Linux、Windows、macOS）。 + +这意味着从环境变量中在 Python 中读取的任何值都将是 `str` 类型，任何类型的转换或验证都必须在代码中完成。 + +## Pydantic 的 `Settings` + +幸运的是，Pydantic 提供了一个很好的工具来处理来自环境变量的设置，即Pydantic: Settings management。 + +### 创建 `Settings` 对象 + +从 Pydantic 导入 `BaseSettings` 并创建一个子类，与 Pydantic 模型非常相似。 + +与 Pydantic 模型一样，您使用类型注释声明类属性，还可以指定默认值。 + +您可以使用与 Pydantic 模型相同的验证功能和工具，比如不同的数据类型和使用 `Field()` 进行附加验证。 + +```Python hl_lines="2 5-8 11" +{!../../../docs_src/settings/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 如果您需要一个快速的复制粘贴示例，请不要使用此示例，而应使用下面的最后一个示例。 + +然后，当您创建该 `Settings` 类的实例（在此示例中是 `settings` 对象）时，Pydantic 将以不区分大小写的方式读取环境变量，因此，大写的变量 `APP_NAME` 仍将为属性 `app_name` 读取。 + +然后，它将转换和验证数据。因此，当您使用该 `settings` 对象时，您将获得您声明的类型的数据（例如 `items_per_user` 将为 `int` 类型）。 + +### 使用 `settings` + +然后，您可以在应用程序中使用新的 `settings` 对象： + +```Python hl_lines="18-20" +{!../../../docs_src/settings/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +### 运行服务器 + +接下来，您将运行服务器，并将配置作为环境变量传递。例如，您可以设置一个 `ADMIN_EMAIL` 和 `APP_NAME`，如下所示： + +
+ +```console +$ ADMIN_EMAIL="deadpool@example.com" APP_NAME="ChimichangApp"uvicorn main:app + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +!!! tip + 要为单个命令设置多个环境变量，只需用空格分隔它们，并将它们全部放在命令之前。 + +然后，`admin_email` 设置将为 `"deadpool@example.com"`。 + +`app_name` 将为 `"ChimichangApp"`。 + +而 `items_per_user` 将保持其默认值为 `50`。 + +## 在另一个模块中设置 + +您可以将这些设置放在另一个模块文件中，就像您在[Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}中所见的那样。 + +例如，您可以创建一个名为 `config.py` 的文件，其中包含以下内容： + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/settings/app01/config.py!} +``` + +然后在一个名为 `main.py` 的文件中使用它： + +```Python hl_lines="3 11-13" +{!../../../docs_src/settings/app01/main.py!} +``` +!!! tip + 您还需要一个名为 `__init__.py` 的文件，就像您在[Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}中看到的那样。 + +## 在依赖项中使用设置 + +在某些情况下，从依赖项中提供设置可能比在所有地方都使用全局对象 `settings` 更有用。 + +这在测试期间尤其有用，因为很容易用自定义设置覆盖依赖项。 + +### 配置文件 + +根据前面的示例，您的 `config.py` 文件可能如下所示： + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/settings/app02/config.py!} +``` + +请注意，现在我们不创建默认实例 `settings = Settings()`。 + +### 主应用程序文件 + +现在我们创建一个依赖项，返回一个新的 `config.Settings()`。 + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="6 12-13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app02_an_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="6 12-13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app02_an/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ 非注解版本" + + !!! tip + 如果可能，请尽量使用 `Annotated` 版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="5 11-12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app02/main.py!} + ``` + +!!! tip + 我们稍后会讨论 `@lru_cache`。 + + 目前，您可以将 `get_settings()` 视为普通函数。 + +然后，我们可以将其作为依赖项从“路径操作函数”中引入，并在需要时使用它。 + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17 19-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app02_an_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17 19-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app02_an/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ 非注解版本" + + !!! tip + 如果可能，请尽量使用 `Annotated` 版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="16 18-20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app02/main.py!} + ``` + +### 设置和测试 + +然后，在测试期间，通过创建 `get_settings` 的依赖项覆盖，很容易提供一个不同的设置对象： + +```Python hl_lines="9-10 13 21" +{!../../../docs_src/settings/app02/test_main.py!} +``` + +在依赖项覆盖中，我们在创建新的 `Settings` 对象时为 `admin_email` 设置了一个新值，然后返回该新对象。 + +然后，我们可以测试它是否被使用。 + +## 从 `.env` 文件中读取设置 + +如果您有许多可能经常更改的设置，可能在不同的环境中，将它们放在一个文件中，然后从该文件中读取它们，就像它们是环境变量一样，可能非常有用。 + +这种做法相当常见，有一个名称，这些环境变量通常放在一个名为 `.env` 的文件中，该文件被称为“dotenv”。 + +!!! tip + 以点 (`.`) 开头的文件是 Unix-like 系统（如 Linux 和 macOS）中的隐藏文件。 + + 但是，dotenv 文件实际上不一定要具有确切的文件名。 + +Pydantic 支持使用外部库从这些类型的文件中读取。您可以在Pydantic 设置: Dotenv (.env) 支持中阅读更多相关信息。 + +!!! tip + 要使其工作，您需要执行 `pip install python-dotenv`。 + +### `.env` 文件 + +您可以使用以下内容创建一个名为 `.env` 的文件： + +```bash +ADMIN_EMAIL="deadpool@example.com" +APP_NAME="ChimichangApp" +``` + +### 从 `.env` 文件中读取设置 + +然后，您可以使用以下方式更新您的 `config.py`： + +```Python hl_lines="9-10" +{!../../../docs_src/settings/app03/config.py!} +``` + +在这里，我们在 Pydantic 的 `Settings` 类中创建了一个名为 `Config` 的类，并将 `env_file` 设置为我们想要使用的 dotenv 文件的文件名。 + +!!! tip + `Config` 类仅用于 Pydantic 配置。您可以在Pydantic Model Config中阅读更多相关信息。 + +### 使用 `lru_cache` 仅创建一次 `Settings` + +从磁盘中读取文件通常是一项耗时的（慢）操作，因此您可能希望仅在首次读取后并重复使用相同的设置对象，而不是为每个请求都读取它。 + +但是，每次执行以下操作： + +```Python +Settings() +``` + +都会创建一个新的 `Settings` 对象，并且在创建时会再次读取 `.env` 文件。 + +如果依赖项函数只是这样的： + +```Python +def get_settings(): + return Settings() +``` + +我们将为每个请求创建该对象，并且将在每个请求中读取 `.env` 文件。 ⚠️ + +但是，由于我们在顶部使用了 `@lru_cache` 装饰器，因此只有在第一次调用它时，才会创建 `Settings` 对象一次。 ✔️ + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app03_an_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app03_an/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ 非注解版本" + + !!! tip + 如果可能，请尽量使用 `Annotated` 版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="1 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/settings/app03/main.py!} + ``` + +然后，在下一次请求的依赖项中对 `get_settings()` 进行任何后续调用时，它不会执行 `get_settings()` 的内部代码并创建新的 `Settings` 对象，而是返回在第一次调用时返回的相同对象，一次又一次。 + +#### `lru_cache` 技术细节 + +`@lru_cache` 修改了它所装饰的函数，以返回第一次返回的相同值，而不是再次计算它，每次都执行函数的代码。 + +因此，下面的函数将对每个参数组合执行一次。然后，每个参数组合返回的值将在使用完全相同的参数组合调用函数时再次使用。 + +例如，如果您有一个函数： +```Python +@lru_cache +def say_hi(name: str, salutation: str = "Ms."): + return f"Hello {salutation} {name}" +``` + +您的程序可以像这样执行： + +```mermaid +sequenceDiagram + +participant code as Code +participant function as say_hi() +participant execute as Execute function + + rect rgba(0, 255, 0, .1) + code ->> function: say_hi(name="Camila") + function ->> execute: 执行函数代码 + execute ->> code: 返回结果 + end + + rect rgba(0, 255, 255, .1) + code ->> function: say_hi(name="Camila") + function ->> code: 返回存储的结果 + end + + rect rgba(0, 255, 0, .1) + code ->> function: say_hi(name="Rick") + function ->> execute: 执行函数代码 + execute ->> code: 返回结果 + end + + rect rgba(0, 255, 0, .1) + code ->> function: say_hi(name="Rick", salutation="Mr.") + function ->> execute: 执行函数代码 + execute ->> code: 返回结果 + end + + rect rgba(0, 255, 255, .1) + code ->> function: say_hi(name="Rick") + function ->> code: 返回存储的结果 + end + + rect rgba(0, 255, 255, .1) + code ->> function: say_hi(name="Camila") + function ->> code: 返回存储的结果 + end +``` + +对于我们的依赖项 `get_settings()`，该函数甚至不接受任何参数，因此它始终返回相同的值。 + +这样，它的行为几乎就像是一个全局变量。但是由于它使用了依赖项函数，因此我们可以轻松地进行测试时的覆盖。 + +`@lru_cache` 是 `functools` 的一部分，它是 Python 标准库的一部分，您可以在Python 文档中了解有关 `@lru_cache` 的更多信息。 + +## 小结 + +您可以使用 Pydantic 设置处理应用程序的设置或配置，利用 Pydantic 模型的所有功能。 + +* 通过使用依赖项，您可以简化测试。 +* 您可以使用 `.env` 文件。 +* 使用 `@lru_cache` 可以避免为每个请求重复读取 dotenv 文件，同时允许您在测试时进行覆盖。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/testing-database.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/testing-database.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8dc95c25f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/testing-database.md @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +# 测试数据库 + +您还可以使用[测试依赖项](testing-dependencies.md){.internal-link target=_blank}中的覆盖依赖项方法变更测试的数据库。 + +实现设置其它测试数据库、在测试后回滚数据、或预填测试数据等操作。 + +本章的主要思路与上一章完全相同。 + +## 为 SQL 应用添加测试 + +为了使用测试数据库，我们要升级 [SQL 关系型数据库](../tutorial/sql-databases.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 一章中的示例。 + +应用的所有代码都一样，直接查看那一章的示例代码即可。 + +本章只是新添加了测试文件。 + +正常的依赖项 `get_db()` 返回数据库会话。 + +测试时使用覆盖依赖项返回自定义数据库会话代替正常的依赖项。 + +本例中，要创建仅用于测试的临时数据库。 + +## 文件架构 + +创建新文件 `sql_app/tests/test_sql_app.py`。 + +因此，新的文件架构如下： + +``` hl_lines="9-11" +. +└── sql_app + ├── __init__.py + ├── crud.py + ├── database.py + ├── main.py + ├── models.py + ├── schemas.py + └── tests + ├── __init__.py + └── test_sql_app.py +``` + +## 创建新的数据库会话 + +首先，为新建数据库创建新的数据库会话。 + +测试时，使用 `test.db` 替代 `sql_app.db`。 + +但其余的会话代码基本上都是一样的，只要复制就可以了。 + +```Python hl_lines="8-13" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/tests/test_sql_app.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "提示" + + 为减少代码重复，最好把这段代码写成函数，在 `database.py` 与 `tests/test_sql_app.py`中使用。 + + 为了把注意力集中在测试代码上，本例只是复制了这段代码。 + +## 创建数据库 + +因为现在是想在新文件中使用新数据库，所以要使用以下代码创建数据库： + +```Python +Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine) +``` + +一般是在 `main.py` 中调用这行代码，但在 `main.py` 里，这行代码用于创建 `sql_app.db`，但是现在要为测试创建 `test.db`。 + +因此，要在测试代码中添加这行代码创建新的数据库文件。 + +```Python hl_lines="16" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/tests/test_sql_app.py!} +``` + +## 覆盖依赖项 + +接下来，创建覆盖依赖项，并为应用添加覆盖内容。 + +```Python hl_lines="19-24 27" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/tests/test_sql_app.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "提示" + + `overrider_get_db()` 与 `get_db` 的代码几乎完全一样，只是 `overrider_get_db` 中使用测试数据库的 `TestingSessionLocal`。 + +## 测试应用 + +然后，就可以正常测试了。 + +```Python hl_lines="32-47" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/tests/test_sql_app.py!} +``` + +测试期间，所有在数据库中所做的修改都在 `test.db` 里，不会影响主应用的 `sql_app.db`。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/testing-events.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/testing-events.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..222a67c8c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/testing-events.md @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +# 测试事件：启动 - 关闭 + +使用 `TestClient` 和 `with` 语句，在测试中运行事件处理器（`startup` 与 `shutdown`）。 + +```Python hl_lines="9-12 20-24" +{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial003.py!} +``` diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/testing-websockets.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/testing-websockets.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f303e1d67 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/testing-websockets.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# 测试 WebSockets + +测试 WebSockets 也使用 `TestClient`。 + +为此，要在 `with` 语句中使用 `TestClient` 连接 WebSocket。 + +```Python hl_lines="27-31" +{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +!!! note "笔记" + + 更多细节详见 Starlette 官档 - 测试 WebSockets。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/websockets.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/websockets.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a5cbdd965 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/websockets.md @@ -0,0 +1,214 @@ +# WebSockets + +您可以在 **FastAPI** 中使用 [WebSockets](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebSockets_API)。 + +## 安装 `WebSockets` + +首先，您需要安装 `WebSockets`： + +```console +$ pip install websockets + +---> 100% +``` + +## WebSockets 客户端 + +### 在生产环境中 + +在您的生产系统中，您可能使用现代框架（如React、Vue.js或Angular）创建了一个前端。 + +要使用 WebSockets 与后端进行通信，您可能会使用前端的工具。 + +或者，您可能有一个原生移动应用程序，直接使用原生代码与 WebSocket 后端通信。 + +或者，您可能有其他与 WebSocket 终端通信的方式。 + +--- + +但是，在本示例中，我们将使用一个非常简单的HTML文档，其中包含一些JavaScript，全部放在一个长字符串中。 + +当然，这并不是最优的做法，您不应该在生产环境中使用它。 + +在生产环境中，您应该选择上述任一选项。 + +但这是一种专注于 WebSockets 的服务器端并提供一个工作示例的最简单方式： + +```Python hl_lines="2 6-38 41-43" +{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## 创建 `websocket` + +在您的 **FastAPI** 应用程序中，创建一个 `websocket`： + +```Python hl_lines="1 46-47" +{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "技术细节" + 您也可以使用 `from starlette.websockets import WebSocket`。 + + **FastAPI** 直接提供了相同的 `WebSocket`，只是为了方便开发人员。但它直接来自 Starlette。 + +## 等待消息并发送消息 + +在您的 WebSocket 路由中，您可以使用 `await` 等待消息并发送消息。 + +```Python hl_lines="48-52" +{!../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +您可以接收和发送二进制、文本和 JSON 数据。 + +## 尝试一下 + +如果您的文件名为 `main.py`，请使用以下命令运行应用程序： + +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +在浏览器中打开 http://127.0.0.1:8000。 + +您将看到一个简单的页面，如下所示： + + + +您可以在输入框中输入消息并发送： + + + +您的 **FastAPI** 应用程序将回复： + + + +您可以发送（和接收）多条消息： + + + +所有这些消息都将使用同一个 WebSocket 连 + +接。 + +## 使用 `Depends` 和其他依赖项 + +在 WebSocket 端点中，您可以从 `fastapi` 导入并使用以下内容： + +* `Depends` +* `Security` +* `Cookie` +* `Header` +* `Path` +* `Query` + +它们的工作方式与其他 FastAPI 端点/ *路径操作* 相同： + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="68-69 82" + {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="68-69 82" + {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="69-70 83" + {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ 非带注解版本" + + !!! tip + 如果可能，请尽量使用 `Annotated` 版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="66-67 79" + {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ 非带注解版本" + + !!! tip + 如果可能，请尽量使用 `Annotated` 版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="68-69 81" + {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + 由于这是一个 WebSocket，抛出 `HTTPException` 并不是很合理，而是抛出 `WebSocketException`。 + + 您可以使用规范中定义的有效代码。 + +### 尝试带有依赖项的 WebSockets + +如果您的文件名为 `main.py`，请使用以下命令运行应用程序： + +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +在浏览器中打开 http://127.0.0.1:8000。 + +在页面中，您可以设置： + +* "Item ID"，用于路径。 +* "Token"，作为查询参数。 + +!!! tip + 注意，查询参数 `token` 将由依赖项处理。 + +通过这样，您可以连接 WebSocket，然后发送和接收消息： + + + +## 处理断开连接和多个客户端 + +当 WebSocket 连接关闭时，`await websocket.receive_text()` 将引发 `WebSocketDisconnect` 异常，您可以捕获并处理该异常，就像本示例中的示例一样。 + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="79-81" + {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="81-83" + {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +尝试以下操作： + +* 使用多个浏览器选项卡打开应用程序。 +* 从这些选项卡中发送消息。 +* 然后关闭其中一个选项卡。 + +这将引发 `WebSocketDisconnect` 异常，并且所有其他客户端都会收到类似以下的消息： + +``` +Client #1596980209979 left the chat +``` + +!!! tip + 上面的应用程序是一个最小和简单的示例，用于演示如何处理和向多个 WebSocket 连接广播消息。 + + 但请记住，由于所有内容都在内存中以单个列表的形式处理，因此它只能在进程运行时工作，并且只能使用单个进程。 + + 如果您需要与 FastAPI 集成更简单但更强大的功能，支持 Redis、PostgreSQL 或其他功能，请查看 [encode/broadcaster](https://github.com/encode/broadcaster)。 + +## 更多信息 + +要了解更多选项，请查看 Starlette 的文档： + +* [WebSocket 类](https://www.starlette.io/websockets/) +* [基于类的 WebSocket 处理](https://www.starlette.io/endpoints/#websocketendpoint)。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/advanced/wsgi.md b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/wsgi.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ad71280fc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/advanced/wsgi.md @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# 包含 WSGI - Flask，Django，其它 + +您可以挂载多个 WSGI 应用，正如您在 [Sub Applications - Mounts](./sub-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, [Behind a Proxy](./behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 中所看到的那样。 + +为此, 您可以使用 `WSGIMiddleware` 来包装你的 WSGI 应用，如：Flask，Django，等等。 + +## 使用 `WSGIMiddleware` + +您需要导入 `WSGIMiddleware`。 + +然后使用该中间件包装 WSGI 应用（例如 Flask）。 + +之后将其挂载到某一个路径下。 + +```Python hl_lines="2-3 22" +{!../../../docs_src/wsgi/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## 检查 + +现在，所有定义在 `/v1/` 路径下的请求将会被 Flask 应用处理。 + +其余的请求则会被 **FastAPI** 处理。 + +如果您使用 Uvicorn 运行应用实例并且访问 http://localhost:8000/v1/，您将会看到由 Flask 返回的响应： + +```txt +Hello, World from Flask! +``` + +并且如果您访问 http://localhost:8000/v2，您将会看到由 FastAPI 返回的响应： + +```JSON +{ + "message": "Hello World" +} +``` diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/async.md b/docs/zh/docs/async.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..59eebd049 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/async.md @@ -0,0 +1,430 @@ +# 并发 async / await + +有关路径操作函数的 `async def` 语法以及异步代码、并发和并行的一些背景知识。 + +## 赶时间吗？ + +TL;DR: + +如果你正在使用第三方库，它们会告诉你使用 `await` 关键字来调用它们，就像这样： + +```Python +results = await some_library() +``` + +然后，通过 `async def` 声明你的 *路径操作函数*： + +```Python hl_lines="2" +@app.get('/') +async def read_results(): + results = await some_library() + return results +``` + +!!! note + 你只能在被 `async def` 创建的函数内使用 `await` + +--- + +如果你正在使用一个第三方库和某些组件（比如：数据库、API、文件系统...）进行通信，第三方库又不支持使用 `await` （目前大多数数据库三方库都是这样），这种情况你可以像平常那样使用 `def` 声明一个路径操作函数，就像这样： + +```Python hl_lines="2" +@app.get('/') +def results(): + results = some_library() + return results +``` + +--- + +如果你的应用程序不需要与其他任何东西通信而等待其响应，请使用 `async def`。 + +--- + +如果你不清楚，使用 `def` 就好. + +--- + +**注意**：你可以根据需要在路径操作函数中混合使用 `def` 和 `async def`，并使用最适合你的方式去定义每个函数。FastAPI 将为他们做正确的事情。 + +无论如何，在上述任何情况下，FastAPI 仍将异步工作，速度也非常快。 + +但是，通过遵循上述步骤，它将能够进行一些性能优化。 + +## 技术细节 + +Python 的现代版本支持通过一种叫**"协程"**——使用 `async` 和 `await` 语法的东西来写**”异步代码“**。 + +让我们在下面的部分中逐一介绍： + +* **异步代码** +* **`async` 和 `await`** +* **协程** + +## 异步代码 + +异步代码仅仅意味着编程语言 💬 有办法告诉计算机/程序 🤖 在代码中的某个点，它 🤖 将不得不等待在某些地方完成一些事情。让我们假设一些事情被称为 "慢文件"📝. + +所以，在等待"慢文件"📝完成的这段时间，计算机可以做一些其他工作。 + +然后计算机/程序 🤖 每次有机会都会回来，因为它又在等待，或者它 🤖 完成了当前所有的工作。而且它 🤖 将查看它等待的所有任务中是否有已经完成的，做它必须做的任何事情。 + +接下来，它 🤖 完成第一个任务（比如是我们的"慢文件"📝) 并继续与之相关的一切。 + +这个"等待其他事情"通常指的是一些相对较慢（与处理器和 RAM 存储器的速度相比）的 I/O 操作，比如说： + +* 通过网络发送来自客户端的数据 +* 客户端接收来自网络中的数据 +* 磁盘中要由系统读取并提供给程序的文件的内容 +* 程序提供给系统的要写入磁盘的内容 +* 一个 API 的远程调用 +* 一个数据库操作，直到完成 +* 一个数据库查询，直到返回结果 +* 等等. + +这个执行的时间大多是在等待 I/O 操作，因此它们被叫做 "I/O 密集型" 操作。 + +它被称为"异步"的原因是因为计算机/程序不必与慢任务"同步"，去等待任务完成的确切时刻，而在此期间不做任何事情直到能够获取任务结果才继续工作。 + +相反，作为一个"异步"系统，一旦完成，任务就可以排队等待一段时间（几微秒），等待计算机程序完成它要做的任何事情，然后回来获取结果并继续处理它们。 + +对于"同步"（与"异步"相反），他们通常也使用"顺序"一词，因为计算机程序在切换到另一个任务之前是按顺序执行所有步骤，即使这些步骤涉及到等待。 + +### 并发与汉堡 + +上述异步代码的思想有时也被称为“并发”，它不同于“并行”。 + +并发和并行都与“不同的事情或多或少同时发生”有关。 + +但是并发和并行之间的细节是完全不同的。 + +要了解差异，请想象以下关于汉堡的故事： + +### 并发汉堡 + +你和你的恋人一起去快餐店，你排队在后面，收银员从你前面的人接单。😍 + + + +然后轮到你了，你为你的恋人和你选了两个非常豪华的汉堡。🍔🍔 + + + +收银员对厨房里的厨师说了一些话，让他们知道他们必须为你准备汉堡（尽管他们目前正在为之前的顾客准备汉堡）。 + + + +你付钱了。 💸 + +收银员给你轮到的号码。 + + + +当你在等待的时候，你和你的恋人一起去挑选一张桌子，然后你们坐下来聊了很长时间（因为汉堡很豪华，需要一些时间来准备）。 + +当你和你的恋人坐在桌子旁，等待汉堡的时候，你可以用这段时间来欣赏你的恋人是多么的棒、可爱和聪明✨😍✨。 + + + +在等待中和你的恋人交谈时，你会不时地查看柜台上显示的号码，看看是否已经轮到你了。 + +然后在某个时刻，终于轮到你了。你去柜台拿汉堡然后回到桌子上。 + + + +你们享用了汉堡，整个过程都很开心。✨ + + + +!!! info + 漂亮的插画来自 Ketrina Thompson. 🎨 + +--- + +在那个故事里，假设你是计算机程序 🤖 。 + +当你在排队时，你只是闲着😴， 轮到你前不做任何事情（仅排队）。但排队很快，因为收银员只接订单（不准备订单），所以这一切都还好。 + +然后，当轮到你时，需要你做一些实际性的工作，比如查看菜单，决定你想要什么，让你的恋人选择，支付，检查你是否提供了正确的账单或卡，检查你的收费是否正确，检查订单是否有正确的项目，等等。 + +此时，即使你仍然没有汉堡，你和收银员的工作也"暂停"了⏸， 因为你必须等待一段时间 🕙 让你的汉堡做好。 + +但是，当你离开柜台并坐在桌子旁，在轮到你的号码前的这段时间，你可以将焦点切换到 🔀 你的恋人上，并做一些"工作"⏯ 🤓。你可以做一些非常"有成效"的事情，比如和你的恋人调情😍. + +之后，收银员 💁 把号码显示在显示屏上，并说到 "汉堡做好了"，而当显示的号码是你的号码时，你不会立刻疯狂地跳起来。因为你知道没有人会偷你的汉堡，因为你有你的号码，而其他人又有他们自己的号码。 + +所以你要等待你的恋人完成故事（完成当前的工作⏯ /正在做的事🤓)， 轻轻微笑，说你要吃汉堡⏸. + +然后你去柜台🔀， 到现在初始任务已经完成⏯， 拿起汉堡，说声谢谢，然后把它们送到桌上。这就完成了与计数器交互的步骤/任务⏹. 这反过来又产生了一项新任务，即"吃汉堡"🔀 ⏯， 上一个"拿汉堡"的任务已经结束了⏹. + +### 并行汉堡 + +现在让我们假设不是"并发汉堡"，而是"并行汉堡"。 + +你和你的恋人一起去吃并行快餐。 + +你站在队伍中，同时是厨师的几个收银员（比方说8个）从前面的人那里接单。 + +你之前的每个人都在等待他们的汉堡准备好后才离开柜台，因为8名收银员都会在下一份订单前马上准备好汉堡。 + + + +然后，终于轮到你了，你为你的恋人和你订购了两个非常精美的汉堡。 + +你付钱了 💸。 + + + +收银员去厨房。 + +你站在柜台前 🕙等待着，这样就不会有人在你之前抢走你的汉堡，因为没有轮流的号码。 + + + +当你和你的恋人忙于不让任何人出现在你面前，并且在他们到来的时候拿走你的汉堡时，你无法关注到你的恋人。😞 + +这是"同步"的工作，你被迫与服务员/厨师 👨‍🍳"同步"。你在此必须等待 🕙 ，在收银员/厨师 👨‍🍳 完成汉堡并将它们交给你的确切时间到达之前一直等待，否则其他人可能会拿走它们。 + + + +你经过长时间的等待 🕙 ，收银员/厨师 👨‍🍳终于带着汉堡回到了柜台。 + + + +你拿着汉堡，和你的情人一起上桌。 + +你们仅仅是吃了它们，就结束了。⏹ + + + +没有太多的交谈或调情，因为大部分时间 🕙 都在柜台前等待😞。 + +!!! info + 漂亮的插画来自 Ketrina Thompson. 🎨 + +--- + +在这个并行汉堡的场景中，你是一个计算机程序 🤖 且有两个处理器（你和你的恋人），都在等待 🕙 ，并投入他们的注意力 ⏯ 在柜台上等待了很长一段时间。 + +这家快餐店有 8 个处理器（收银员/厨师）。而并发汉堡店可能只有 2 个（一个收银员和一个厨师）。 + +但最终的体验仍然不是最好的。😞 + +--- + +这将是与汉堡的类似故事。🍔 + +一种更"贴近生活"的例子，想象一家银行。 + +直到最近，大多数银行都有多个出纳员 👨‍💼👨‍💼👨‍💼👨‍💼 还有一条长长排队队伍🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙🕙。 + +所有收银员都是一个接一个的在客户面前做完所有的工作👨‍💼⏯. + +你必须经过 🕙 较长时间排队，否则你就没机会了。 + +你可不会想带你的恋人 😍 和你一起去银行办事🏦. + +### 汉堡结论 + +在"你与恋人一起吃汉堡"的这个场景中，因为有很多人在等待🕙， 使用并发系统更有意义⏸🔀⏯. + +大多数 Web 应用都是这样的。 + +你的服务器正在等待很多很多用户通过他们不太好的网络发送来的请求。 + +然后再次等待 🕙 响应回来。 + +这个"等待" 🕙 是以微秒为单位测量的，但总的来说，最后还是等待很久。 + +这就是为什么使用异步对于 Web API 很有意义的原因 ⏸🔀⏯。 + +这种异步机制正是 NodeJS 受到欢迎的原因（尽管 NodeJS 不是并行的），以及 Go 作为编程语言的优势所在。 + +这与 **FastAPI** 的性能水平相同。 + +您可以同时拥有并行性和异步性，您可以获得比大多数经过测试的 NodeJS 框架更高的性能，并且与 Go 不相上下， Go 是一种更接近于 C 的编译语言（全部归功于 Starlette）。 + +### 并发比并行好吗？ + +不！这不是故事的本意。 + +并发不同于并行。而是在需要大量等待的特定场景下效果更好。因此，在 Web 应用程序开发中，它通常比并行要好得多，但这并不意味着全部。 + +因此，为了平衡这一点，想象一下下面的短篇故事： + +> 你必须打扫一个又大又脏的房子。 + +*是的，这就是完整的故事。* + +--- + +在任何地方， 都不需要等待 🕙 ，只需要在房子的多个地方做着很多工作。 + +你可以像汉堡的例子那样轮流执行，先是客厅，然后是厨房，但因为你不需要等待 🕙 ，对于任何事情都是清洁，清洁，还是清洁，轮流不会影响任何事情。 + +无论是否轮流执行（并发），都需要相同的时间来完成，而你也会完成相同的工作量。 + +但在这种情况下，如果你能带上 8 名前收银员/厨师，现在是清洁工一起清扫，他们中的每一个人（加上你）都能占据房子的一个区域来清扫，你就可以在额外的帮助下并行的更快地完成所有工作。 + +在这个场景中，每个清洁工（包括您）都将是一个处理器，完成这个工作的一部分。 + +由于大多数执行时间是由实际工作（而不是等待）占用的，并且计算机中的工作是由 CPU 完成的，所以他们称这些问题为"CPU 密集型"。 + +--- + +CPU 密集型操作的常见示例是需要复杂的数学处理。 + +例如： + +* **音频**或**图像**处理； +* **计算机视觉**: 一幅图像由数百万像素组成，每个像素有3种颜色值，处理通常需要同时对这些像素进行计算； +* **机器学习**: 它通常需要大量的"矩阵"和"向量"乘法。想象一个包含数字的巨大电子表格，并同时将所有数字相乘； +* **深度学习**: 这是机器学习的一个子领域，同样适用。只是没有一个数字的电子表格可以相乘，而是一个庞大的数字集合，在很多情况下，你需要使用一个特殊的处理器来构建和使用这些模型。 + +### 并发 + 并行: Web + 机器学习 + +使用 **FastAPI**，您可以利用 Web 开发中常见的并发机制的优势（NodeJS 的主要吸引力）。 + +并且，您也可以利用并行和多进程（让多个进程并行运行）的优点来处理与机器学习系统中类似的 **CPU 密集型** 工作。 + +这一点，再加上 Python 是**数据科学**、机器学习（尤其是深度学习）的主要语言这一简单事实，使得 **FastAPI** 与数据科学/机器学习 Web API 和应用程序（以及其他许多应用程序）非常匹配。 + +了解如何在生产环境中实现这种并行性，可查看此文 [Deployment](deployment/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}。 + +## `async` 和 `await` + +现代版本的 Python 有一种非常直观的方式来定义异步代码。这使它看起来就像正常的"顺序"代码，并在适当的时候"等待"。 + +当有一个操作需要等待才能给出结果，且支持这个新的 Python 特性时，您可以编写如下代码： + +```Python +burgers = await get_burgers(2) +``` + +这里的关键是 `await`。它告诉 Python 它必须等待 ⏸ `get_burgers(2)` 完成它的工作 🕙 ，然后将结果存储在 `burgers` 中。这样，Python 就会知道此时它可以去做其他事情 🔀 ⏯ （比如接收另一个请求）。 + +要使 `await` 工作，它必须位于支持这种异步机制的函数内。因此，只需使用 `async def` 声明它： + +```Python hl_lines="1" +async def get_burgers(number: int): + # Do some asynchronous stuff to create the burgers + return burgers +``` + +...而不是 `def`: + +```Python hl_lines="2" +# This is not asynchronous +def get_sequential_burgers(number: int): + # Do some sequential stuff to create the burgers + return burgers +``` + +使用 `async def`，Python 就知道在该函数中，它将遇上 `await`，并且它可以"暂停" ⏸ 执行该函数，直至执行其他操作 🔀 后回来。 + +当你想调用一个 `async def` 函数时，你必须"等待"它。因此，这不会起作用： + +```Python +# This won't work, because get_burgers was defined with: async def +burgers = get_burgers(2) +``` + +--- + +因此，如果您使用的库告诉您可以使用 `await` 调用它，则需要使用 `async def` 创建路径操作函数 ，如： + +```Python hl_lines="2-3" +@app.get('/burgers') +async def read_burgers(): + burgers = await get_burgers(2) + return burgers +``` + +### 更多技术细节 + +您可能已经注意到，`await` 只能在 `async def` 定义的函数内部使用。 + +但与此同时，必须"等待"通过 `async def` 定义的函数。因此，带 `async def` 的函数也只能在 `async def` 定义的函数内部调用。 + +那么，这关于先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题，如何调用第一个 `async` 函数？ + +如果您使用 **FastAPI**，你不必担心这一点，因为"第一个"函数将是你的路径操作函数，FastAPI 将知道如何做正确的事情。 + +但如果您想在没有 FastAPI 的情况下使用 `async` / `await`，则可以这样做。 + +### 编写自己的异步代码 + +Starlette （和 **FastAPI**） 是基于 AnyIO 实现的，这使得它们可以兼容 Python 的标准库 asyncio 和 Trio。 + +特别是，你可以直接使用 AnyIO 来处理高级的并发用例，这些用例需要在自己的代码中使用更高级的模式。 + +即使您没有使用 **FastAPI**，您也可以使用 AnyIO 编写自己的异步程序，使其拥有较高的兼容性并获得一些好处（例如， 结构化并发）。 + +### 其他形式的异步代码 + +这种使用 `async` 和 `await` 的风格在语言中相对较新。 + +但它使处理异步代码变得容易很多。 + +这种相同的语法（或几乎相同）最近也包含在现代版本的 JavaScript 中（在浏览器和 NodeJS 中）。 + +但在此之前，处理异步代码非常复杂和困难。 + +在以前版本的 Python，你可以使用多线程或者 Gevent。但代码的理解、调试和思考都要复杂许多。 + +在以前版本的 NodeJS / 浏览器 JavaScript 中，你会使用"回调"，因此也可能导致回调地狱。 + +## 协程 + +**协程**只是 `async def` 函数返回的一个非常奇特的东西的称呼。Python 知道它有点像一个函数，它可以启动，也会在某个时刻结束，而且它可能会在内部暂停 ⏸ ，只要内部有一个 `await`。 + +通过使用 `async` 和 `await` 的异步代码的所有功能大多数被概括为"协程"。它可以与 Go 的主要关键特性 "Goroutines" 相媲美。 + +## 结论 + +让我们再来回顾下上文所说的： + +> Python 的现代版本可以通过使用 `async` 和 `await` 语法创建**协程**，并用于支持**异步代码**。 + +现在应该能明白其含义了。✨ + +所有这些使得 FastAPI（通过 Starlette）如此强大，也是它拥有如此令人印象深刻的性能的原因。 + +## 非常技术性的细节 + +!!! warning + 你可以跳过这里。 + + 这些都是 FastAPI 如何在内部工作的技术细节。 + + 如果您有相当多的技术知识（协程、线程、阻塞等），并且对 FastAPI 如何处理 `async def` 与常规 `def` 感到好奇，请继续。 + +### 路径操作函数 + +当你使用 `def` 而不是 `async def` 来声明一个*路径操作函数*时，它运行在外部的线程池中并等待其结果，而不是直接调用（因为它会阻塞服务器）。 + +如果您使用过另一个不以上述方式工作的异步框架，并且您习惯于用普通的 `def` 定义普通的仅计算路径操作函数，以获得微小的性能增益（大约100纳秒），请注意，在 FastAPI 中，效果将完全相反。在这些情况下，最好使用 `async def`，除非路径操作函数内使用执行阻塞 I/O 的代码。 + +在这两种情况下，与您之前的框架相比，**FastAPI** 可能[仍然很快](/#performance){.internal-link target=_blank}。 + +### 依赖 + +这同样适用于[依赖](./tutorial/dependencies/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}。如果一个依赖是标准的 `def` 函数而不是 `async def`，它将被运行在外部线程池中。 + +### 子依赖 + +你可以拥有多个相互依赖的依赖以及[子依赖](./tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md){.internal-link target=_blank} （作为函数的参数），它们中的一些可能是通过 `async def` 声明，也可能是通过 `def` 声明。它们仍然可以正常工作，这些通过 `def` 声明的函数将会在外部线程中调用（来自线程池），而不是"被等待"。 + +### 其他函数 + +您可直接调用通过 `def` 或 `async def` 创建的任何其他函数，FastAPI 不会影响您调用它们的方式。 + +这与 FastAPI 为您调用*路径操作函数*和依赖项的逻辑相反。 + +如果你的函数是通过 `def` 声明的，它将被直接调用（在代码中编写的地方），而不会在线程池中，如果这个函数通过 `async def` 声明，当在代码中调用时，你就应该使用 `await` 等待函数的结果。 + +--- + +再次提醒，这些是非常技术性的细节，如果你来搜索它可能对你有用。 + +否则，您最好应该遵守的指导原则赶时间吗？. diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/benchmarks.md b/docs/zh/docs/benchmarks.md index c133d51b7..71e8d4838 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/benchmarks.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/benchmarks.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # 基准测试 -第三方机构 TechEmpower 的基准测试表明在 Uvicorn 下运行的 **FastAPI** 应用程序是 可用的最快的 Python 框架之一，仅次与 Starlette 和 Uvicorn 本身 (由 FastAPI 内部使用）。(*) +第三方机构 TechEmpower 的基准测试表明在 Uvicorn 下运行的 **FastAPI** 应用程序是 可用的最快的 Python 框架之一，仅次于 Starlette 和 Uvicorn 本身 (由 FastAPI 内部使用）。(*) 但是在查看基准得分和对比时，请注意以下几点。 @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ * 具有最佳性能，因为除了服务器本身外，它没有太多额外的代码。 * 您不会直接在 Uvicorn 中编写应用程序。这意味着您的代码至少必须包含 Starlette（或 **FastAPI**）提供的代码。如果您这样做了（即直接在 Uvicorn 中编写应用程序），最终的应用程序会和使用了框架并且最小化了应用代码和 bug 的情况具有相同的性能损耗。 * 如果要对比与 Uvicorn 对标的服务器，请将其与 Daphne，Hypercorn，uWSGI等应用服务器进行比较。 -* **Starlette**: +* **Starlette**: * 在 Uvicorn 后使用 Starlette，性能会略有下降。实际上，Starlette 使用 Uvicorn运行。因此，由于必须执行更多的代码，它只会比 Uvicorn 更慢。 * 但它为您提供了构建简单的网络程序的工具，并具有基于路径的路由等功能。 * 如果想对比与 Starlette 对标的开发框架，请将其与 Sanic，Flask，Django 等网络框架（或微框架）进行比较。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/contributing.md b/docs/zh/docs/contributing.md index 402668c47..4ebd67315 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/contributing.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/contributing.md @@ -88,61 +88,29 @@ $ python -m venv env !!! tip 每一次你在该环境下使用 `pip` 安装了新软件包时，请再次激活该环境。 - 这样可以确保你在使用由该软件包安装的终端程序（如 `flit`）时使用的是当前虚拟环境中的程序，而不是其他的可能是全局安装的程序。 + 这样可以确保你在使用由该软件包安装的终端程序时使用的是当前虚拟环境中的程序，而不是其他的可能是全局安装的程序。 -### Flit +### pip -**FastAPI** 使用 Flit 来构建、打包和发布项目。 - -如上所述激活环境后，安装 `flit`： +如上所述激活环境后：
```console -$ pip install flit +$ pip install -r requirements.txt ---> 100% ```
-现在重新激活环境，以确保你正在使用的是刚刚安装的 `flit`（而不是全局环境的）。 - -然后使用 `flit` 来安装开发依赖： - -=== "Linux, macOS" - -
- - ```console - $ flit install --deps develop --symlink - - ---> 100% - ``` - -
- -=== "Windows" - - If you are on Windows, use `--pth-file` instead of `--symlink`: - -
- - ```console - $ flit install --deps develop --pth-file - - ---> 100% - ``` - -
- 这将在虚拟环境中安装所有依赖和本地版本的 FastAPI。 #### 使用本地 FastAPI 如果你创建一个导入并使用 FastAPI 的 Python 文件，然后使用虚拟环境中的 Python 运行它，它将使用你本地的 FastAPI 源码。 -并且如果你更改该本地 FastAPI 的源码，由于它是通过 `--symlink` （或 Windows 上的 `--pth-file`）安装的，当你再次运行那个 Python 文件，它将使用你刚刚编辑过的最新版本的 FastAPI。 +并且如果你更改该本地 FastAPI 的源码，由于它是通过 `-e` 安装的，当你再次运行那个 Python 文件，它将使用你刚刚编辑过的最新版本的 FastAPI。 这样，你不必再去重新"安装"你的本地版本即可测试所有更改。 @@ -160,7 +128,7 @@ $ bash scripts/format.sh 它还会自动对所有导入代码进行整理。 -为了使整理正确进行，你需要在当前环境中安装本地的 FastAPI，即在运行上述段落中的命令时添加 `--symlink`（或 Windows 上的 `--pth-file`）。 +为了使整理正确进行，你需要在当前环境中安装本地的 FastAPI，即在运行上述段落中的命令时添加 `-e`。 ### 格式化导入 @@ -497,4 +465,4 @@ $ bash scripts/test-cov-html.sh
-该命令生成了一个 `./htmlcov/` 目录，如果你在浏览器中打开 `./htmlcov/index.html` 文件，你可以交互式地浏览被测试所覆盖的代码区块，并注意是否缺少了任何区块。 +该命令生成了一个 `./htmlcov/` 目录，如果你在浏览器中打开 `./htmlcov/index.html` 文件，你可以交互式地浏览被测试所覆盖的代码区块，并注意是否缺少了任何区块。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/deployment/cloud.md b/docs/zh/docs/deployment/cloud.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b086b7b6b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/deployment/cloud.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# 在云上部署 FastAPI + +您几乎可以使用**任何云服务商**来部署 FastAPI 应用程序。 + +在大多数情况下，主要的云服务商都有部署 FastAPI 的指南。 + +## 云服务商 - 赞助商 + +一些云服务商 ✨ [**赞助 FastAPI**](../help-fastapi.md#sponsor-the-author){.internal-link target=_blank} ✨，这确保了FastAPI 及其**生态系统**持续健康地**发展**。 + +这表明了他们对 FastAPI 及其**社区**（您）的真正承诺，因为他们不仅想为您提供**良好的服务**，而且还想确保您拥有一个**良好且健康的框架**：FastAPI。 🙇 + +您可能想尝试他们的服务并阅读他们的指南： + +* Platform.sh +* Porter diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/deployment/concepts.md b/docs/zh/docs/deployment/concepts.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9c4aaa64b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/deployment/concepts.md @@ -0,0 +1,323 @@ +# 部署概念 + +在部署 **FastAPI** 应用程序或任何类型的 Web API 时，有几个概念值得了解，通过掌握这些概念您可以找到**最合适的**方法来**部署您的应用程序**。 + +一些重要的概念是： + +* 安全性 - HTTPS +* 启动时运行 +* 重新启动 +* 复制（运行的进程数） +* 内存 +* 开始前的先前步骤 + +我们接下来了解它们将如何影响**部署**。 + +我们的最终目标是能够以**安全**的方式**为您的 API 客户端**提供服务，同时要**避免中断**，并且尽可能高效地利用**计算资源**（ 例如服务器CPU资源）。 🚀 + +我将在这里告诉您更多关于这些**概念**的信息，希望能给您提供**直觉**来决定如何在非常不同的环境中部署 API，甚至在是尚不存在的**未来**的环境里。 + +通过考虑这些概念，您将能够**评估和设计**部署**您自己的 API**的最佳方式。 + +在接下来的章节中，我将为您提供更多部署 FastAPI 应用程序的**具体方法**。 + +但现在，让我们仔细看一下这些重要的**概念**。 这些概念也适用于任何其他类型的 Web API。 💡 + +## 安全性 - HTTPS + +在[上一章有关 HTTPS](./https.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 中，我们了解了 HTTPS 如何为您的 API 提供加密。 + +我们还看到，HTTPS 通常由应用程序服务器的**外部**组件（**TLS 终止代理**）提供。 + +并且必须有某个东西负责**更新 HTTPS 证书**，它可以是相同的组件，也可以是不同的组件。 + + +### HTTPS 示例工具 + +您可以用作 TLS 终止代理的一些工具包括： + +* Traefik + * 自动处理证书更新 ✨ +* Caddy + * 自动处理证书更新 ✨ +* Nginx + * 使用 Certbot 等外部组件进行证书更新 +* HAProxy + * 使用 Certbot 等外部组件进行证书更新 +* 带有 Ingress Controller(如Nginx) 的 Kubernetes + * 使用诸如 cert-manager 之类的外部组件来进行证书更新 +* 由云服务商内部处理，作为其服务的一部分（请阅读下文👇） + +另一种选择是您可以使用**云服务**来完成更多工作，包括设置 HTTPS。 它可能有一些限制或向您收取更多费用等。但在这种情况下，您不必自己设置 TLS 终止代理。 + +我将在接下来的章节中向您展示一些具体示例。 + +--- + +接下来要考虑的概念都是关于运行实际 API 的程序（例如 Uvicorn）。 + +## 程序和进程 + +我们将讨论很多关于正在运行的“**进程**”的内容，因此弄清楚它的含义以及与“**程序**”这个词有什么区别是很有用的。 + +### 什么是程序 + +**程序**这个词通常用来描述很多东西： + +* 您编写的 **代码**，**Python 文件**。 +* 操作系统可以**执行**的**文件**，例如：`python`、`python.exe`或`uvicorn`。 +* 在操作系统上**运行**、使用CPU 并将内容存储在内存上的特定程序。 这也被称为**进程**。 + +### 什么是进程 + +**进程** 这个词通常以更具体的方式使用，仅指在操作系统中运行的东西（如上面的最后一点）： + +* 在操作系统上**运行**的特定程序。 + * 这不是指文件，也不是指代码，它**具体**指的是操作系统正在**执行**和管理的东西。 +* 任何程序，任何代码，**只有在执行时才能做事**。 因此，是当有**进程正在运行**时。 +* 该进程可以由您或操作系统**终止**（或“杀死”）。 那时，它停止运行/被执行，并且它可以**不再做事情**。 +* 您计算机上运行的每个应用程序背后都有一些进程，每个正在运行的程序，每个窗口等。并且通常在计算机打开时**同时**运行许多进程。 +* **同一程序**可以有**多个进程**同时运行。 + +如果您检查操作系统中的“任务管理器”或“系统监视器”（或类似工具），您将能够看到许多正在运行的进程。 + +例如，您可能会看到有多个进程运行同一个浏览器程序（Firefox、Chrome、Edge 等）。 他们通常每个tab运行一个进程，再加上一些其他额外的进程。 + + + +--- + +现在我们知道了术语“进程”和“程序”之间的区别，让我们继续讨论部署。 + +## 启动时运行 + +在大多数情况下，当您创建 Web API 时，您希望它**始终运行**、不间断，以便您的客户端始终可以访问它。 这是当然的，除非您有特定原因希望它仅在某些情况下运行，但大多数时候您希望它不断运行并且**可用**。 + +### 在远程服务器中 + +当您设置远程服务器（云服务器、虚拟机等）时，您可以做的最简单的事情就是手动运行 Uvicorn（或类似的），就像本地开发时一样。 + +它将会在**开发过程中**发挥作用并发挥作用。 + +但是，如果您与服务器的连接丢失，**正在运行的进程**可能会终止。 + +如果服务器重新启动（例如更新后或从云提供商迁移后），您可能**不会注意到它**。 因此，您甚至不知道必须手动重新启动该进程。 所以，你的 API 将一直处于挂掉的状态。 😱 + + +### 启动时自动运行 + +一般来说，您可能希望服务器程序（例如 Uvicorn）在服务器启动时自动启动，并且不需要任何**人为干预**，让进程始终与您的 API 一起运行（例如 Uvicorn 运行您的 FastAPI 应用程序） 。 + +### 单独的程序 + +为了实现这一点，您通常会有一个**单独的程序**来确保您的应用程序在启动时运行。 在许多情况下，它还可以确保其他组件或应用程序也运行，例如数据库。 + +### 启动时运行的示例工具 + +可以完成这项工作的工具的一些示例是： + +* Docker +* Kubernetes +* Docker Compose +* Docker in Swarm Mode +* Systemd +* Supervisor +* 作为其服务的一部分由云提供商内部处理 +* 其他的... + +我将在接下来的章节中为您提供更具体的示例。 + + +## 重新启动 + +与确保应用程序在启动时运行类似，您可能还想确保它在挂掉后**重新启动**。 + +### 我们会犯错误 + +作为人类，我们总是会犯**错误**。 软件几乎*总是*在不同的地方隐藏着**bug**。 🐛 + +作为开发人员，当我们发现这些bug并实现新功能（也可能添加新bug😅）时，我们会不断改进代码。 + +### 自动处理小错误 + +使用 FastAPI 构建 Web API 时，如果我们的代码中存在错误，FastAPI 通常会将其包含到触发错误的单个请求中。 🛡 + +对于该请求，客户端将收到 **500 内部服务器错误**，但应用程序将继续处理下一个请求，而不是完全崩溃。 + +### 更大的错误 - 崩溃 + +尽管如此，在某些情况下，我们编写的一些代码可能会导致整个应用程序崩溃，从而导致 Uvicorn 和 Python 崩溃。 💥 + +尽管如此，您可能不希望应用程序因为某个地方出现错误而保持死机状态，您可能希望它**继续运行**，至少对于未破坏的*路径操作*。 + +### 崩溃后重新启动 + +但在那些严重错误导致正在运行的**进程**崩溃的情况下，您需要一个外部组件来负责**重新启动**进程，至少尝试几次...... + +!!! tip + + ...尽管如果整个应用程序只是**立即崩溃**，那么永远重新启动它可能没有意义。 但在这些情况下，您可能会在开发过程中注意到它，或者至少在部署后立即注意到它。 + + 因此，让我们关注主要情况，在**未来**的某些特定情况下，它可能会完全崩溃，但重新启动它仍然有意义。 + +您可能希望让这个东西作为 **外部组件** 负责重新启动您的应用程序，因为到那时，使用 Uvicorn 和 Python 的同一应用程序已经崩溃了，因此同一应用程序的相同代码中没有东西可以对此做出什么。 + +### 自动重新启动的示例工具 + +在大多数情况下，用于**启动时运行程序**的同一工具也用于处理自动**重新启动**。 + +例如，可以通过以下方式处理： + +* Docker +* Kubernetes +* Docker Compose +* Docker in Swarm mode +* Systemd +* Supervisor +* 作为其服务的一部分由云提供商内部处理 +* 其他的... + +## 复制 - 进程和内存 + +对于 FastAPI 应用程序，使用像 Uvicorn 这样的服务器程序，在**一个进程**中运行一次就可以同时为多个客户端提供服务。 + +但在许多情况下，您会希望同时运行多个工作进程。 + +### 多进程 - Workers + +如果您的客户端数量多于单个进程可以处理的数量（例如，如果虚拟机不是太大），并且服务器的 CPU 中有 **多个核心**，那么您可以让 **多个进程** 运行 同时处理同一个应用程序，并在它们之间分发所有请求。 + +当您运行同一 API 程序的**多个进程**时，它们通常称为 **workers**。 + +### 工作进程和端口 + +还记得文档 [About HTTPS](./https.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 中只有一个进程可以侦听服务器中的端口和 IP 地址的一种组合吗？ + +现在仍然是对的。 + +因此，为了能够同时拥有**多个进程**，必须有一个**单个进程侦听端口**，然后以某种方式将通信传输到每个工作进程。 + +### 每个进程的内存 + +现在，当程序将内容加载到内存中时，例如，将机器学习模型加载到变量中，或者将大文件的内容加载到变量中，所有这些都会消耗服务器的一点内存 (RAM) 。 + +多个进程通常**不共享任何内存**。 这意味着每个正在运行的进程都有自己的东西、变量和内存。 如果您的代码消耗了大量内存，**每个进程**将消耗等量的内存。 + +### 服务器内存 + +例如，如果您的代码加载 **1 GB 大小**的机器学习模型，则当您使用 API 运行一个进程时，它将至少消耗 1 GB RAM。 如果您启动 **4 个进程**（4 个工作进程），每个进程将消耗 1 GB RAM。 因此，您的 API 总共将消耗 **4 GB RAM**。 + +如果您的远程服务器或虚拟机只有 3 GB RAM，尝试加载超过 4 GB RAM 将导致问题。 🚨 + + +### 多进程 - 一个例子 + +在此示例中，有一个 **Manager Process** 启动并控制两个 **Worker Processes**。 + +该管理器进程可能是监听 IP 中的 **端口** 的进程。 它将所有通信传输到工作进程。 + +这些工作进程将是运行您的应用程序的进程，它们将执行主要计算以接收 **请求** 并返回 **响应**，并且它们将加载您放入 RAM 中的变量中的任何内容。 + + + +当然，除了您的应用程序之外，同一台机器可能还运行**其他进程**。 + +一个有趣的细节是，随着时间的推移，每个进程使用的 **CPU 百分比可能会发生很大变化，但内存 (RAM) 通常会或多或少保持稳定**。 + +如果您有一个每次执行相当数量的计算的 API，并且您有很多客户端，那么 **CPU 利用率** 可能也会保持稳定（而不是不断快速上升和下降）。 + +### 复制工具和策略示例 + +可以通过多种方法来实现这一目标，我将在接下来的章节中向您详细介绍具体策略，例如在谈论 Docker 和容器时。 + +要考虑的主要限制是必须有一个**单个**组件来处理**公共IP**中的**端口**。 然后它必须有一种方法将通信**传输**到复制的**进程/worker**。 + +以下是一些可能的组合和策略： + +* **Gunicorn** 管理 **Uvicorn workers** + * Gunicorn 将是监听 **IP** 和 **端口** 的 **进程管理器**，复制将通过 **多个 Uvicorn 工作进程** 进行 +* **Uvicorn** 管理 **Uvicorn workers** + * 一个 Uvicorn **进程管理器** 将监听 **IP** 和 **端口**，并且它将启动 **多个 Uvicorn 工作进程** +* **Kubernetes** 和其他分布式 **容器系统** + * **Kubernetes** 层中的某些东西将侦听 **IP** 和 **端口**。 复制将通过拥有**多个容器**，每个容器运行**一个 Uvicorn 进程** +* **云服务** 为您处理此问题 + * 云服务可能**为您处理复制**。 它可能会让您定义 **要运行的进程**，或要使用的 **容器映像**，在任何情况下，它很可能是 **单个 Uvicorn 进程**，并且云服务将负责复制它。 + + + +!!! tip + + 如果这些关于 **容器**、Docker 或 Kubernetes 的内容还没有多大意义，请不要担心。 + + 我将在以后的章节中向您详细介绍容器镜像、Docker、Kubernetes 等：[容器中的 FastAPI - Docker](./docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}。 + +## 启动之前的步骤 + +在很多情况下，您希望在**启动**应用程序之前执行一些步骤。 + +例如，您可能想要运行**数据库迁移**。 + +但在大多数情况下，您只想执行这些步骤**一次**。 + +因此，在启动应用程序之前，您将需要一个**单个进程**来执行这些**前面的步骤**。 + +而且您必须确保它是运行前面步骤的单个进程, *即使*之后您为应用程序本身启动**多个进程**（多个worker）。 如果这些步骤由**多个进程**运行，它们会通过在**并行**运行来**重复**工作，并且如果这些步骤像数据库迁移一样需要小心处理，它们可能会导致每个进程和其他进程发生冲突。 + +当然，也有一些情况，多次运行前面的步骤也没有问题，这样的话就好办多了。 + +!!! tip + + 另外，请记住，根据您的设置，在某些情况下，您在开始应用程序之前**可能甚至不需要任何先前的步骤**。 + + 在这种情况下，您就不必担心这些。 🤷 + + +### 前面步骤策略的示例 + +这将在**很大程度上取决于您部署系统的方式**，并且可能与您启动程序、处理重启等的方式有关。 + +以下是一些可能的想法： + +* Kubernetes 中的“Init Container”在应用程序容器之前运行 +* 一个 bash 脚本，运行前面的步骤，然后启动您的应用程序 + * 您仍然需要一种方法来启动/重新启动 bash 脚本、检测错误等。 + +!!! tip + + 我将在以后的章节中为您提供使用容器执行此操作的更具体示例：[容器中的 FastAPI - Docker](./docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}。 + +## 资源利用率 + +您的服务器是一个**资源**，您可以通过您的程序消耗或**利用**CPU 上的计算时间以及可用的 RAM 内存。 + +您想要消耗/利用多少系统资源？ 您可能很容易认为“不多”，但实际上，您可能希望在不崩溃的情况下**尽可能多地消耗**。 + +如果您支付了 3 台服务器的费用，但只使用了它们的一点点 RAM 和 CPU，那么您可能**浪费金钱** 💸，并且可能 **浪费服务器电力** 🌎，等等。 + +在这种情况下，最好只拥有 2 台服务器并使用更高比例的资源（CPU、内存、磁盘、网络带宽等）。 + +另一方面，如果您有 2 台服务器，并且正在使用 **100% 的 CPU 和 RAM**，则在某些时候，一个进程会要求更多内存，并且服务器将不得不使用磁盘作为“内存” （这可能会慢数千倍），甚至**崩溃**。 或者一个进程可能需要执行一些计算，并且必须等到 CPU 再次空闲。 + +在这种情况下，最好购买**一台额外的服务器**并在其上运行一些进程，以便它们都有**足够的 RAM 和 CPU 时间**。 + +由于某种原因，您的 API 的使用量也有可能出现**激增**。 也许它像病毒一样传播开来，或者也许其他一些服务或机器人开始使用它。 在这些情况下，您可能需要额外的资源来保证安全。 + +您可以将一个**任意数字**设置为目标，例如，资源利用率**在 50% 到 90%** 之间。 重点是，这些可能是您想要衡量和用来调整部署的主要内容。 + +您可以使用“htop”等简单工具来查看服务器中使用的 CPU 和 RAM 或每个进程使用的数量。 或者您可以使用更复杂的监控工具，这些工具可能分布在服务器等上。 + + +## 回顾 + +您在这里阅读了一些在决定如何部署应用程序时可能需要牢记的主要概念： + +* 安全性 - HTTPS +* 启动时运行 +* 重新启动 +* 复制（运行的进程数） +* 内存 +* 开始前的先前步骤 + +了解这些想法以及如何应用它们应该会给您足够的直觉在配置和调整部署时做出任何决定。 🤓 + +在接下来的部分中，我将为您提供更具体的示例，说明您可以遵循的可能策略。 🚀 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/deployment/deta.md b/docs/zh/docs/deployment/deta.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a7390f786 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/deployment/deta.md @@ -0,0 +1,244 @@ +# 在 Deta 上部署 FastAPI + +本节介绍如何使用 Deta 免费方案部署 **FastAPI** 应用。🎁 + +部署操作需要大约 10 分钟。 + +!!! info "说明" + + Deta 是 **FastAPI** 的赞助商。 🎉 + +## 基础 **FastAPI** 应用 + +* 创建应用文件夹，例如 `./fastapideta/`，进入文件夹 + +### FastAPI 代码 + +* 创建包含如下代码的 `main.py`： + +```Python +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int): + return {"item_id": item_id} +``` + +### 需求项 + +在文件夹里新建包含如下内容的 `requirements.txt` 文件： + +```text +fastapi +``` + +!!! tip "提示" + + 在 Deta 上部署时无需安装 Uvicorn，虽然在本地测试应用时需要安装。 + +### 文件夹架构 + +`./fastapideta/` 文件夹中现在有两个文件： + +``` +. +└── main.py +└── requirements.txt +``` + +## 创建免费 Deta 账号 + +创建免费的 Deta 账号，只需要电子邮件和密码。 + +甚至不需要信用卡。 + +## 安装 CLI + +创建账号后，安装 Deta CLI： + +=== "Linux, macOS" + +
+ + ```console + $ curl -fsSL https://get.deta.dev/cli.sh | sh + ``` + +
+ +=== "Windows PowerShell" + +
+ + ```console + $ iwr https://get.deta.dev/cli.ps1 -useb | iex + ``` + +
+ +安装完 CLI 后，打开新的 Terminal，就能检测到刚安装的 CLI。 + +在新的 Terminal 里，用以下命令确认 CLI 是否正确安装： + +
+ +```console +$ deta --help + +Deta command line interface for managing deta micros. +Complete documentation available at https://docs.deta.sh + +Usage: + deta [flags] + deta [command] + +Available Commands: + auth Change auth settings for a deta micro + +... +``` + +
+ +!!! tip "提示" + + 安装 CLI 遇到问题时，请参阅 Deta 官档。 + +## 使用 CLI 登录 + +现在，使用 CLI 登录 Deta： + +
+ +```console +$ deta login + +Please, log in from the web page. Waiting.. +Logged in successfully. +``` + +
+ +这个命令会打开浏览器并自动验证身份。 + +## 使用 Deta 部署 + +接下来，使用 Deta CLI 部署应用： + +
+ +```console +$ deta new + +Successfully created a new micro + +// Notice the "endpoint" 🔍 + +{ + "name": "fastapideta", + "runtime": "python3.7", + "endpoint": "https://qltnci.deta.dev", + "visor": "enabled", + "http_auth": "enabled" +} + +Adding dependencies... + + +---> 100% + + +Successfully installed fastapi-0.61.1 pydantic-1.7.2 starlette-0.13.6 +``` + +
+ +您会看到如下 JSON 信息： + +```JSON hl_lines="4" +{ + "name": "fastapideta", + "runtime": "python3.7", + "endpoint": "https://qltnci.deta.dev", + "visor": "enabled", + "http_auth": "enabled" +} +``` + +!!! tip "提示" + + 您部署时的 `"endpoint"` URL 可能会有所不同。 + +## 查看效果 + +打开浏览器，跳转到 `endpoint` URL。本例中是 `https://qltnci.deta.dev`，但您的链接可能与此不同。 + +FastAPI 应用会返回如下 JSON 响应： + +```JSON +{ + "Hello": "World" +} +``` + +接下来，跳转到 API 文档 `/docs`，本例中是 `https://qltnci.deta.dev/docs`。 + +文档显示如下： + + + +## 启用公开访问 + +默认情况下，Deta 使用您的账号 Cookies 处理身份验证。 + +应用一切就绪之后，使用如下命令让公众也能看到您的应用： + +
+ +```console +$ deta auth disable + +Successfully disabled http auth +``` + +
+ +现在，就可以把 URL 分享给大家，他们就能访问您的 API 了。🚀 + +## HTTPS + +恭喜！您已经在 Deta 上部署了 FastAPI 应用！🎉 🍰 + +还要注意，Deta 能够正确处理 HTTPS，因此您不必操心 HTTPS，您的客户端肯定能有安全加密的连接。 ✅ 🔒 + +## 查看 Visor + +从 API 文档（URL 是 `https://gltnci.deta.dev/docs`）发送请求至*路径操作* `/items/{item_id}`。 + +例如，ID `5`。 + +现在跳转至 https://web.deta.sh。 + +左边栏有个 "Micros" 标签，里面是所有的应用。 + +还有一个 **Details** 和 **Visor** 标签，跳转到 **Visor** 标签。 + +在这里查看最近发送给应用的请求。 + +您可以编辑或重新使用这些请求。 + + + +## 更多内容 + +如果要持久化保存应用数据，可以使用提供了**免费方案**的 Deta Base。 + +详见 Deta 官档。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/deployment/docker.md b/docs/zh/docs/deployment/docker.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0f8906704 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/deployment/docker.md @@ -0,0 +1,728 @@ +# 容器中的 FastAPI - Docker + +部署 FastAPI 应用程序时，常见的方法是构建 **Linux 容器镜像**。 通常使用 **Docker** 完成。 然后，你可以通过几种可能的方式之一部署该容器镜像。 + +使用 Linux 容器有几个优点，包括**安全性**、**可复制性**、**简单性**等。 + +!!! tip + 赶时间并且已经知道这些东西了？ 跳转到下面的 [`Dockerfile` 👇](#为-fastapi-构建-docker-镜像)。 + + +
+Dockerfile Preview 👀 + +```Dockerfile +FROM python:3.9 + +WORKDIR /code + +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +COPY ./app /code/app + +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] + +# If running behind a proxy like Nginx or Traefik add --proxy-headers +# CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80", "--proxy-headers"] +``` + +
+ +## 什么是容器 + +容器（主要是 Linux 容器）是一种非常**轻量级**的打包应用程序的方式，其包括所有依赖项和必要的文件，同时它们可以和同一系统中的其他容器（或者其他应用程序/组件）相互隔离。 + +Linux 容器使用宿主机（如物理服务器、虚拟机、云服务器等）的Linux 内核运行。 这意味着它们非常轻量（与模拟整个操作系统的完整虚拟机相比）。 + +通过这样的方式，容器消耗**很少的资源**，与直接运行进程相当（虚拟机会消耗更多）。 + +容器的进程（通常只有一个）、文件系统和网络都运行在隔离的环境，这简化了部署、安全、开发等。 + +## 什么是容器镜像 + +**容器**是从**容器镜像**运行的。 + +容器镜像是容器中文件、环境变量和默认命令/程序的**静态**版本。 **静态**这里的意思是容器**镜像**还没有运行，只是打包的文件和元数据。 + +与存储静态内容的“**容器镜像**”相反，“**容器**”通常指正在运行的实例，即正在**执行的**。 + +当**容器**启动并运行时（从**容器镜像**启动），它可以创建或更改文件、环境变量等。这些更改将仅存在于该容器中，而不会持久化到底层的容器镜像中（不会保存到磁盘）。 + +容器镜像相当于**程序**和文件，例如 `python`命令 和某些文件 如`main.py`。 + +而**容器**本身（与**容器镜像**相反）是镜像的实际运行实例，相当于**进程**。 事实上，容器仅在有**进程运行**时才运行（通常它只是一个单独的进程）。 当容器中没有进程运行时，容器就会停止。 + + + +## 容器镜像 + +Docker 一直是创建和管理**容器镜像**和**容器**的主要工具之一。 + +还有一个公共 Docker Hub ，其中包含预制的 **官方容器镜像**, 适用于许多工具、环境、数据库和应用程序。 + +例如，有一个官方的 Python 镜像。 + +还有许多其他镜像用于不同的需要（例如数据库），例如： + + +* PostgreSQL +* MySQL +* MongoDB +* Redis, etc. + + +通过使用预制的容器镜像，可以非常轻松地**组合**并使用不同的工具。 例如，尝试一个新的数据库。 在大多数情况下，你可以使用**官方镜像**，只需为其配置环境变量即可。 + +这样，在许多情况下，你可以了解容器和 Docker，并通过许多不同的工具和组件重复使用这些知识。 + +因此，你可以运行带有不同内容的**多个容器**，例如数据库、Python 应用程序、带有 React 前端应用程序的 Web 服务器，并通过内部网络将它们连接在一起。 + +所有容器管理系统（如 Docker 或 Kubernetes）都集成了这些网络功能。 + +## 容器和进程 + +**容器镜像**通常在其元数据中包含启动**容器**时应运行的默认程序或命令以及要传递给该程序的参数。 与在命令行中的情况非常相似。 + +当 **容器** 启动时，它将运行该命令/程序（尽管你可以覆盖它并使其运行不同的命令/程序）。 + +只要**主进程**（命令或程序）在运行，容器就在运行。 + +容器通常有一个**单个进程**，但也可以从主进程启动子进程，这样你就可以在同一个容器中拥有**多个进程**。 + +但是，如果没有**至少一个正在运行的进程**，就不可能有一个正在运行的容器。 如果主进程停止，容器也会停止。 + + +## 为 FastAPI 构建 Docker 镜像 + +好吧，让我们现在构建一些东西！ 🚀 + +我将向你展示如何基于 **官方 Python** 镜像 **从头开始** 为 FastAPI 构建 **Docker 镜像**。 + +这是你在**大多数情况**下想要做的，例如： + +* 使用 **Kubernetes** 或类似工具 +* 在 **Raspberry Pi** 上运行时 +* 使用可为你运行容器镜像的云服务等。 + +### 依赖项 + +你通常会在某个文件中包含应用程序的**依赖项**。 + +具体做法取决于你**安装**这些依赖时所使用的工具。 + +最常见的方法是创建一个`requirements.txt`文件，其中每行包含一个包名称和它的版本。 + +你当然也可以使用在[关于 FastAPI 版本](./versions.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 中讲到的方法来设置版本范围。 + +例如，你的`requirements.txt`可能如下所示： + + +``` +fastapi>=0.68.0,<0.69.0 +pydantic>=1.8.0,<2.0.0 +uvicorn>=0.15.0,<0.16.0 +``` + +你通常会使用`pip`安装这些依赖项： + +
+ +```console +$ pip install -r requirements.txt +---> 100% +Successfully installed fastapi pydantic uvicorn +``` + +
+ +!!! info + 还有其他文件格式和工具来定义和安装依赖项。 + + 我将在下面的部分中向你展示一个使用 Poetry 的示例。 👇 + +### 创建 **FastAPI** 代码 + +* 创建`app`目录并进入。 +* 创建一个空文件`__init__.py`。 +* 创建一个 `main.py` 文件： + + + +```Python +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/") +def read_root(): + return {"Hello": "World"} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} +``` + +### Dockerfile + +现在在相同的project目录创建一个名为`Dockerfile`的文件: + +```{ .dockerfile .annotate } +# (1) +FROM python:3.9 + +# (2) +WORKDIR /code + +# (3) +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +# (4) +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +# (5) +COPY ./app /code/app + +# (6) +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +1. 从官方Python基础镜像开始。 + +2. 将当前工作目录设置为`/code`。 + + 这是我们放置`requirements.txt`文件和`app`目录的位置。 + +3. 将符合要求的文件复制到`/code`目录中。 + + 首先仅复制requirements.txt文件，而不复制其余代码。 + + 由于此文件**不经常更改**，Docker 将检测到它并在这一步中使用**缓存**，从而为下一步启用缓存。 + +4. 安装需求文件中的包依赖项。 + + `--no-cache-dir` 选项告诉 `pip` 不要在本地保存下载的包，因为只有当 `pip` 再次运行以安装相同的包时才会这样，但在与容器一起工作时情况并非如此。 + + !!! 笔记 + `--no-cache-dir` 仅与 `pip` 相关，与 Docker 或容器无关。 + + `--upgrade` 选项告诉 `pip` 升级软件包（如果已经安装）。 + + 因为上一步复制文件可以被 **Docker 缓存** 检测到，所以此步骤也将 **使用 Docker 缓存**（如果可用）。 + + 在开发过程中一次又一次构建镜像时，在此步骤中使用缓存将为你节省大量**时间**，而不是**每次**都**下载和安装**所有依赖项。 + + +5. 将“./app”目录复制到“/code”目录中。 + + 由于其中包含**更改最频繁**的所有代码，因此 Docker **缓存**不会轻易用于此操作或任何**后续步骤**。 + + 因此，将其放在`Dockerfile`**接近最后**的位置非常重要，以优化容器镜像的构建时间。 + +6. 设置**命令**来运行 `uvicorn` 服务器。 + + `CMD` 接受一个字符串列表，每个字符串都是你在命令行中输入的内容，并用空格分隔。 + + 该命令将从 **当前工作目录** 运行，即你上面使用`WORKDIR /code`设置的同一`/code`目录。 + + 因为程序将从`/code`启动，并且其中包含你的代码的目录`./app`，所以**Uvicorn**将能够从`app.main`中查看并**import**`app`。 + +!!! tip + 通过单击代码中的每个数字气泡来查看每行的作用。 👆 + +你现在应该具有如下目录结构： +``` +. +├── app +│   ├── __init__.py +│ └── main.py +├── Dockerfile +└── requirements.txt +``` + + +#### 在 TLS 终止代理后面 + +如果你在 Nginx 或 Traefik 等 TLS 终止代理（负载均衡器）后面运行容器，请添加选项 `--proxy-headers`，这将告诉 Uvicorn 信任该代理发送的标头，告诉它应用程序正在 HTTPS 后面运行等信息 + +```Dockerfile +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--proxy-headers", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +#### Docker 缓存 + +这个`Dockerfile`中有一个重要的技巧，我们首先只单独复制**包含依赖项的文件**，而不是其余代码。 让我来告诉你这是为什么。 + +```Dockerfile +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt +``` + +Docker之类的构建工具是通过**增量**的方式来构建这些容器镜像的。具体做法是从`Dockerfile`顶部开始，每一条指令生成的文件都是镜像的“一层”，同过把这些“层”一层一层地叠加到基础镜像上，最后我们就得到了最终的镜像。 + +Docker 和类似工具在构建镜像时也会使用**内部缓存**，如果自上次构建容器镜像以来文件没有更改，那么它将**重新使用上次创建的同一层**，而不是再次复制文件并从头开始创建新层。 + +仅仅避免文件的复制不一定会有太多速度提升，但是如果在这一步使用了缓存，那么才可以**在下一步中使用缓存**。 例如，可以使用安装依赖项那条指令的缓存： + +```Dockerfile +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt +``` + + +包含包依赖项的文件**不会频繁更改**。 只复制该文件（不复制其他的应用代码），Docker 才能在这一步**使用缓存**。 + +Docker 进而能**使用缓存进行下一步**，即下载并安装这些依赖项。 这才是我们**节省大量时间**的地方。 ✨ ...可以避免无聊的等待。 😪😆 + +下载和安装依赖项**可能需要几分钟**，但使用**缓存**最多**只需要几秒钟**。 + +由于你在开发过程中会一次又一次地构建容器镜像以检查代码更改是否有效，因此可以累计节省大量时间。 + +在`Dockerfile`末尾附近，我们再添加复制代码的指令。 由于代码是**更改最频繁的**，所以将其放在最后，因为这一步之后的内容基本上都是无法使用缓存的。 + +```Dockerfile +COPY ./app /code/app +``` + +### 构建 Docker 镜像 + +现在所有文件都已就位，让我们构建容器镜像。 + +* 转到项目目录（在`Dockerfile`所在的位置，包含`app`目录）。 +* 构建你的 FastAPI 镜像： + + +
+ +```console +$ docker build -t myimage . + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ + +!!! tip + 注意最后的 `.`，它相当于`./`，它告诉 Docker 用于构建容器镜像的目录。 + + 在本例中，它是相同的当前目录（`.`）。 + +### 启动 Docker 容器 + +* 根据你的镜像运行容器： + +
+ +```console +$ docker run -d --name mycontainer -p 80:80 myimage +``` + +
+ +## 检查一下 + + +你应该能在Docker容器的URL中检查它，例如: http://192.168.99.100/items/5?q=somequery 或 http://127.0.0.1/items/5?q=somequery (或其他等价的，使用 Docker 主机). + +你会看到类似内容： + +```JSON +{"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} +``` + +## 交互式 API 文档 + +现在你可以转到 http://192.168.99.100/docs 或 http://127.0.0.1/docs （或其他等价的，使用 Docker 主机）。 + +你将看到自动交互式 API 文档（由 Swagger UI): + +![Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-01-swagger-ui-simple.png) + +## 备选的 API 文档 + +你还可以访问 http://192.168.99.100/redoc 或 http://127.0.0.1/redoc （或其他等价的，使用 Docker 主机）。 + +你将看到备选的自动文档（由 ReDoc 提供）： + +![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-02-redoc-simple.png) + +## 使用单文件 FastAPI 构建 Docker 镜像 + +如果你的 FastAPI 是单个文件，例如没有`./app`目录的`main.py`，则你的文件结构可能如下所示： + +``` +. +├── Dockerfile +├── main.py +└── requirements.txt +``` + +然后你只需更改相应的路径即可将文件复制到`Dockerfile`中： + +```{ .dockerfile .annotate hl_lines="10 13" } +FROM python:3.9 + +WORKDIR /code + +COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +# (1) +COPY ./main.py /code/ + +# (2) +CMD ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +1. 直接将`main.py`文件复制到`/code`目录中（不包含任何`./app`目录）。 + +2. 运行 Uvicorn 并告诉它从 `main` 导入 `app` 对象（而不是从 `app.main` 导入）。 + +然后调整Uvicorn命令使用新模块`main`而不是`app.main`来导入FastAPI 实例`app`。 + +## 部署概念 + +我们再谈谈容器方面的一些相同的[部署概念](./concepts.md){.internal-link target=_blank}。 + +容器主要是一种简化**构建和部署**应用程序的过程的工具，但它们并不强制执行特定的方法来处理这些**部署概念**，并且有几种可能的策略。 + +**好消息**是，对于每种不同的策略，都有一种方法可以涵盖所有部署概念。 🎉 + +让我们从容器的角度回顾一下这些**部署概念**： + +* HTTPS +* 启动时运行 +* 重新启动 +* 复制（运行的进程数） +* 内存 +* 开始前的先前步骤 + + +## HTTPS + +如果我们只关注 FastAPI 应用程序的 **容器镜像**（以及稍后运行的 **容器**），HTTPS 通常会由另一个工具在 **外部** 处理。 + +它可以是另一个容器，例如使用 Traefik，处理 **HTTPS** 和 **自动**获取**证书**。 + +!!! tip + Traefik可以与 Docker、Kubernetes 等集成，因此使用它为容器设置和配置 HTTPS 非常容易。 + +或者，HTTPS 可以由云服务商作为其服务之一进行处理（同时仍在容器中运行应用程序）。 + +## 在启动和重新启动时运行 + +通常还有另一个工具负责**启动和运行**你的容器。 + +它可以直接是**Docker**, 或者**Docker Compose**、**Kubernetes**、**云服务**等。 + +在大多数（或所有）情况下，有一个简单的选项可以在启动时运行容器并在失败时重新启动。 例如，在 Docker 中，它是命令行选项 `--restart`。 + +如果不使用容器，让应用程序在启动时运行并重新启动可能会很麻烦且困难。 但在大多数情况下，当**使用容器**时，默认情况下会包含该功能。 ✨ + +## 复制 - 进程数 + +如果你有一个 集群, 比如 **Kubernetes**、Docker Swarm、Nomad 或其他类似的复杂系统来管理多台机器上的分布式容器，那么你可能希望在**集群级别**处理复制**，而不是在每个容器中使用**进程管理器**（如带有Worker的 Gunicorn） 。 + +像 Kubernetes 这样的分布式容器管理系统通常有一些集成的方法来处理**容器的复制**，同时仍然支持传入请求的**负载均衡**。 全部都在**集群级别**。 + +在这些情况下，你可能希望从头开始构建一个 **Docker 镜像**，如[上面所解释](#dockerfile)的那样，安装依赖项并运行 **单个 Uvicorn 进程**，而不是运行 Gunicorn 和 Uvicorn workers这种。 + + +### 负载均衡器 + +使用容器时，通常会有一些组件**监听主端口**。 它可能是处理 **HTTPS** 的 **TLS 终止代理** 或一些类似的工具的另一个容器。 + +由于该组件将接受请求的**负载**并（希望）以**平衡**的方式在worker之间分配该请求，因此它通常也称为**负载均衡器**。 + +!!! tip + 用于 HTTPS **TLS 终止代理** 的相同组件也可能是 **负载均衡器**。 + +当使用容器时，你用来启动和管理容器的同一系统已经具有内部工具来传输来自该**负载均衡器**（也可以是**TLS 终止代理**) 的**网络通信**（例如HTTP请求）到你的应用程序容器。 + +### 一个负载均衡器 - 多个worker容器 + +当使用 **Kubernetes** 或类似的分布式容器管理系统时，使用其内部网络机制将允许单个在主 **端口** 上侦听的 **负载均衡器** 将通信（请求）传输到可能的 **多个** 运行你应用程序的容器。 + +运行你的应用程序的每个容器通常**只有一个进程**（例如，运行 FastAPI 应用程序的 Uvicorn 进程）。 它们都是**相同的容器**，运行相同的东西，但每个容器都有自己的进程、内存等。这样你就可以在 CPU 的**不同核心**， 甚至在**不同的机器**充分利用**并行化(parallelization)**。 + +具有**负载均衡器**的分布式容器系统将**将请求轮流分配**给你的应用程序的每个容器。 因此，每个请求都可以由运行你的应用程序的多个**复制容器**之一来处理。 + +通常，这个**负载均衡器**能够处理发送到集群中的*其他*应用程序的请求（例如发送到不同的域，或在不同的 URL 路径前缀下），并正确地将该通信传输到在集群中运行的*其他*应用程序的对应容器。 + + + + + + +### 每个容器一个进程 + +在这种类型的场景中，你可能希望**每个容器有一个（Uvicorn）进程**，因为你已经在集群级别处理复制。 + +因此，在这种情况下，你**不会**希望拥有像 Gunicorn 和 Uvicorn worker一样的进程管理器，或者 Uvicorn 使用自己的 Uvicorn worker。 你可能希望每个容器（但可能有多个容器）只有一个**单独的 Uvicorn 进程**。 + +在容器内拥有另一个进程管理器（就像使用 Gunicorn 或 Uvicorn 管理 Uvicorn 工作线程一样）只会增加**不必要的复杂性**，而你很可能已经在集群系统中处理这些复杂性了。 + +### 具有多个进程的容器 + +当然，在某些**特殊情况**，你可能希望拥有 **一个容器**，其中包含 **Gunicorn 进程管理器**，并在其中启动多个 **Uvicorn worker进程**。 + +在这些情况下，你可以使用 **官方 Docker 镜像**，其中包含 **Gunicorn** 作为运行多个 **Uvicorn 工作进程** 的进程管理器，以及一些默认设置来根据当前情况调整工作进程数量 自动CPU核心。 我将在下面的 [Gunicorn - Uvicorn 官方 Docker 镜像](#official-docker-image-with-gunicorn-uvicorn) 中告诉你更多相关信息。 + +下面一些什么时候这种做法有意义的示例： + + +#### 一个简单的应用程序 + +如果你的应用程序**足够简单**，你不需要（至少现在不需要）过多地微调进程数量，并且你可以使用自动默认值，那么你可能需要容器中的进程管理器 （使用官方 Docker 镜像），并且你在**单个服务器**而不是集群上运行它。 + +#### Docker Compose + +你可以使用 **Docker Compose** 部署到**单个服务器**（而不是集群），因此你没有一种简单的方法来管理容器的复制（使用 Docker Compose），同时保留共享网络和 **负载均衡**。 + +然后，你可能希望拥有一个**单个容器**，其中有一个**进程管理器**，在其中启动**多个worker进程**。 + +#### Prometheus和其他原因 + +你还可能有**其他原因**，这将使你更容易拥有一个带有**多个进程**的**单个容器**，而不是拥有每个容器中都有**单个进程**的**多个容器**。 + +例如（取决于你的设置）你可以在同一个容器中拥有一些工具，例如 Prometheus exporter，该工具应该有权访问**每个请求**。 + +在这种情况下，如果你有**多个容器**，默认情况下，当 Prometheus 来**读取metrics**时，它每次都会获取**单个容器**的metrics（对于处理该特定请求的容器），而不是获取所有复制容器的**累积metrics**。 + +在这种情况， 这种做法会更加简单：让**一个容器**具有**多个进程**，并在同一个容器上使用本地工具（例如 Prometheus exporter）收集所有内部进程的 Prometheus 指标并公开单个容器上的这些指标。 + +--- + +要点是，这些都**不是**你必须盲目遵循的**一成不变的规则**。 你可以根据这些思路**评估你自己的场景**并决定什么方法是最适合你的的系统，考虑如何管理以下概念： + +* 安全性 - HTTPS +* 启动时运行 +* 重新启动 +* 复制（运行的进程数） +* 内存 +* 开始前的先前步骤 + +## 内存 + +如果你**每个容器运行一个进程**，那么每个容器所消耗的内存或多或少是定义明确的、稳定的且有限的（如果它们是复制的，则不止一个）。 + +然后，你可以在容器管理系统的配置中设置相同的内存限制和要求（例如在 **Kubernetes** 中）。 这样，它将能够在**可用机器**中**复制容器**，同时考虑容器所需的内存量以及集群中机器中的可用内存量。 + +如果你的应用程序很**简单**，这可能**不是问题**，并且你可能不需要指定内存限制。 但是，如果你**使用大量内存**（例如使用**机器学习**模型），则应该检查你消耗了多少内存并调整**每台机器**中运行的**容器数量**（也许可以向集群添加更多机器）。 + +如果你**每个容器运行多个进程**（例如使用官方 Docker 镜像），你必须确保启动的进程数量不会消耗比可用内存**更多的内存**。 + +## 启动之前的步骤和容器 + +如果你使用容器（例如 Docker、Kubernetes），那么你可以使用两种主要方法。 + + +### 多个容器 + +如果你有 **多个容器**，可能每个容器都运行一个 **单个进程**（例如，在 **Kubernetes** 集群中），那么你可能希望有一个 **单独的容器** 执行以下操作： 在单个容器中运行单个进程执行**先前步骤**，即运行复制的worker容器之前。 + +!!! info + 如果你使用 Kubernetes，这可能是 Init Container。 + +如果在你的用例中，运行前面的步骤**并行多次**没有问题（例如，如果你没有运行数据库迁移，而只是检查数据库是否已准备好），那么你也可以将它们放在开始主进程之前在每个容器中。 + +### 单容器 + +如果你有一个简单的设置，使用一个**单个容器**，然后启动多个**工作进程**（或者也只是一个进程），那么你可以在启动进程之前在应用程序同一个容器中运行先前的步骤。 官方 Docker 镜像内部支持这一点。 + +## 带有 Gunicorn 的官方 Docker 镜像 - Uvicorn + +有一个官方 Docker 镜像，其中包含与 Uvicorn worker一起运行的 Gunicorn，如上一章所述：[服务器工作线程 - Gunicorn 与 Uvicorn](./server-workers.md){.internal-link target=_blank}。 + +该镜像主要在上述情况下有用：[具有多个进程和特殊情况的容器](#containers-with-multiple-processes-and-special-cases)。 + + + +* tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi. + + +!!! warning + 你很有可能不需要此基础镜像或任何其他类似的镜像，最好从头开始构建镜像，如[上面所述：为 FastAPI 构建 Docker 镜像](#build-a-docker-image-for-fastapi)。 + +该镜像包含一个**自动调整**机制，用于根据可用的 CPU 核心设置**worker进程数**。 + +它具有**合理的默认值**，但你仍然可以使用**环境变量**或配置文件更改和更新所有配置。 + +它还支持通过一个脚本运行**开始前的先前步骤** 。 + +!!! tip + 要查看所有配置和选项，请转到 Docker 镜像页面： tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi。 + +### 官方 Docker 镜像上的进程数 + +此镜像上的**进程数**是根据可用的 CPU **核心**自动计算的。 + +这意味着它将尝试尽可能多地**榨取**CPU 的**性能**。 + +你还可以使用 **环境变量** 等配置来调整它。 + +但这也意味着，由于进程数量取决于容器运行的 CPU，因此**消耗的内存量**也将取决于该数量。 + +因此，如果你的应用程序消耗大量内存（例如机器学习模型），并且你的服务器有很多 CPU 核心**但内存很少**，那么你的容器最终可能会尝试使用比实际情况更多的内存 可用，并且性能会下降很多（甚至崩溃）。 🚨 + +### 创建一个`Dockerfile` + +以下是如何根据此镜像创建`Dockerfile`： + + +```Dockerfile +FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.9 + +COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /app/requirements.txt + +COPY ./app /app +``` + +### 更大的应用程序 + +如果你按照有关创建[具有多个文件的更大应用程序](../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}的部分进行操作，你的`Dockerfile`可能看起来这样： + +```Dockerfile hl_lines="7" +FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.9 + +COPY ./requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt + +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /app/requirements.txt + +COPY ./app /app/app +``` + +### 何时使用 + +如果你使用 **Kubernetes** （或其他）并且你已经在集群级别设置 **复制**，并且具有多个 **容器**。 在这些情况下，你最好按照上面的描述 **从头开始构建镜像**：[为 FastAPI 构建 Docker 镜像](#build-a-docker-image-for-fastapi)。 + +该镜像主要在[具有多个进程的容器和特殊情况](#containers-with-multiple-processes-and-special-cases)中描述的特殊情况下有用。 例如，如果你的应用程序**足够简单**，基于 CPU 设置默认进程数效果很好，你不想在集群级别手动配置复制，并且不会运行更多进程, 或者你使用 **Docker Compose** 进行部署，在单个服务器上运行等。 + +## 部署容器镜像 + +拥有容器（Docker）镜像后，有多种方法可以部署它。 + +例如： + +* 在单个服务器中使用 **Docker Compose** +* 使用 **Kubernetes** 集群 +* 使用 Docker Swarm 模式集群 +* 使用Nomad等其他工具 +* 使用云服务获取容器镜像并部署它 + +## Docker 镜像与Poetry + +如果你使用 Poetry 来管理项目的依赖项，你可以使用 Docker 多阶段构建： + + + +```{ .dockerfile .annotate } +# (1) +FROM python:3.9 as requirements-stage + +# (2) +WORKDIR /tmp + +# (3) +RUN pip install poetry + +# (4) +COPY ./pyproject.toml ./poetry.lock* /tmp/ + +# (5) +RUN poetry export -f requirements.txt --output requirements.txt --without-hashes + +# (6) +FROM python:3.9 + +# (7) +WORKDIR /code + +# (8) +COPY --from=requirements-stage /tmp/requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt + +# (9) +RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt + +# (10) +COPY ./app /code/app + +# (11) +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +1. 这是第一阶段，称为`requirements-stage`。 + +2. 将 `/tmp` 设置为当前工作目录。 + + 这是我们生成文件`requirements.txt`的地方 + +3. 在此阶段安装Poetry。 + +4. 将`pyproject.toml`和`poetry.lock`文件复制到`/tmp`目录。 + + 因为它使用 `./poetry.lock*` （以 `*` 结尾），所以如果该文件尚不可用，它不会崩溃。 + +5. 生成`requirements.txt`文件。 + +6. 这是最后阶段，这里的任何内容都将保留在最终的容器镜像中。 + +7. 将当前工作目录设置为`/code`。 + +8. 将 `requirements.txt` 文件复制到 `/code` 目录。 + + 该文件仅存在于前一个阶段，这就是为什么我们使用 `--from-requirements-stage` 来复制它。 + +9. 安装生成的`requirements.txt`文件中的依赖项。 + +10. 将`app`目录复制到`/code`目录。 + +11. 运行`uvicorn`命令，告诉它使用从`app.main`导入的`app`对象。 + +!!! tip + 单击气泡数字可查看每行的作用。 + +**Docker stage** 是 `Dockerfile` 的一部分，用作 **临时容器镜像**，仅用于生成一些稍后使用的文件。 + +第一阶段仅用于 **安装 Poetry** 并使用 Poetry 的 `pyproject.toml` 文件中的项目依赖项 **生成 `requirements.txt`**。 + +此`requirements.txt`文件将在**下一阶段**与`pip`一起使用。 + +在最终的容器镜像中**仅保留最后阶段**。 之前的阶段将被丢弃。 + +使用 Poetry 时，使用 **Docker 多阶段构建** 是有意义的，因为你实际上并不需要在最终的容器镜像中安装 Poetry 及其依赖项，你 **只需要** 生成用于安装项目依赖项的`requirements.txt`文件。 + +然后，在下一个（也是最后一个）阶段，你将或多或少地以与前面描述的相同的方式构建镜像。 + +### 在TLS 终止代理后面 - Poetry + +同样，如果你在 Nginx 或 Traefik 等 TLS 终止代理（负载均衡器）后面运行容器，请将选项`--proxy-headers`添加到命令中： + + +```Dockerfile +CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--proxy-headers", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"] +``` + +## 回顾 + +使用容器系统（例如使用**Docker**和**Kubernetes**），处理所有**部署概念**变得相当简单： + +* HTTPS +* 启动时运行 +* 重新启动 +* 复制（运行的进程数） +* 内存 +* 开始前的先前步骤 + +在大多数情况下，你可能不想使用任何基础镜像，而是基于官方 Python Docker 镜像 **从头开始构建容器镜像** 。 + +处理好`Dockerfile`和 **Docker 缓存**中指令的**顺序**，你可以**最小化构建时间**，从而最大限度地提高生产力（并避免无聊）。 😎 + +在某些特殊情况下，你可能需要使用 FastAPI 的官方 Docker 镜像。 🤓 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/deployment/https.md b/docs/zh/docs/deployment/https.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cf01a4585 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/deployment/https.md @@ -0,0 +1,192 @@ +# 关于 HTTPS + +人们很容易认为 HTTPS 仅仅是“启用”或“未启用”的东西。 + +但实际情况比这复杂得多。 + +!!!提示 + 如果你很赶时间或不在乎，请继续阅读下一部分，下一部分会提供一个step-by-step的教程，告诉你怎么使用不同技术来把一切都配置好。 + +要从用户的视角**了解 HTTPS 的基础知识**，请查看 https://howhttps.works/。 + +现在，从**开发人员的视角**，在了解 HTTPS 时需要记住以下几点： + +* 要使用 HTTPS，**服务器**需要拥有由**第三方**生成的**"证书(certificate)"**。 + * 这些证书实际上是从第三方**获取**的，而不是“生成”的。 +* 证书有**生命周期**。 + * 它们会**过期**。 + * 然后它们需要**更新**，**再次从第三方获取**。 +* 连接的加密发生在 **TCP 层**。 + * 这是 HTTP 协议**下面的一层**。 + * 因此，**证书和加密**处理是在 **HTTP之前**完成的。 +* **TCP 不知道域名**。 仅仅知道 IP 地址。 + * 有关所请求的 **特定域名** 的信息位于 **HTTP 数据**中。 +* **HTTPS 证书**“证明”**某个域名**，但协议和加密发生在 TCP 层，在知道正在处理哪个域名**之前**。 +* **默认情况下**，这意味着你**每个 IP 地址只能拥有一个 HTTPS 证书**。 + * 无论你的服务器有多大，或者服务器上的每个应用程序有多小。 + * 不过，对此有一个**解决方案**。 +* **TLS** 协议（在 HTTP 之下的TCP 层处理加密的协议）有一个**扩展**，称为 **SNI**。 + * SNI 扩展允许一台服务器（具有 **单个 IP 地址**）拥有 **多个 HTTPS 证书** 并提供 **多个 HTTPS 域名/应用程序**。 + * 为此，服务器上会有**单独**的一个组件（程序）侦听**公共 IP 地址**，这个组件必须拥有服务器中的**所有 HTTPS 证书**。 +* **获得安全连接后**，通信协议**仍然是HTTP**。 + * 内容是 **加密过的**，即使它们是通过 **HTTP 协议** 发送的。 + +通常的做法是在服务器上运行**一个程序/HTTP 服务器**并**管理所有 HTTPS 部分**：接收**加密的 HTTPS 请求**， 将 **解密的 HTTP 请求** 发送到在同一服务器中运行的实际 HTTP 应用程序（在本例中为 **FastAPI** 应用程序），从应用程序中获取 **HTTP 响应**， 使用适当的 **HTTPS 证书**对其进行加密并使用 **HTTPS** 将其发送回客户端。 此服务器通常被称为 **TLS 终止代理(TLS Termination Proxy)**。 + +你可以用作 TLS 终止代理的一些选项包括： + +* Traefik（也可以处理证书更新） +* Caddy（也可以处理证书更新） +* Nginx +* HAProxy + +## Let's Encrypt + +在 Let's Encrypt 之前，这些 **HTTPS 证书** 由受信任的第三方出售。 + +过去，获得这些证书的过程非常繁琐，需要大量的文书工作，而且证书非常昂贵。 + +但随后 **Let's Encrypt** 创建了。 + +它是 Linux 基金会的一个项目。 它以自动方式免费提供 **HTTPS 证书**。 这些证书可以使用所有符合标准的安全加密，并且有效期很短（大约 3 个月），因此**安全性实际上更好**，因为它们的生命周期缩短了。 + +域可以被安全地验证并自动生成证书。 这还允许自动更新这些证书。 + +我们的想法是自动获取和更新这些证书，以便你可以永远免费拥有**安全的 HTTPS**。 + +## 面向开发人员的 HTTPS + +这里有一个 HTTPS API 看起来是什么样的示例，我们会分步说明，并且主要关注对开发人员重要的部分。 + + +### 域名 + +第一步我们要先**获取**一些**域名(Domain Name)**。 然后可以在 DNS 服务器（可能是你的同一家云服务商提供的）中配置它。 + +你可能拥有一个云服务器（虚拟机）或类似的东西，并且它会有一个固定 **公共IP地址**。 + +在 DNS 服务器中，你可以配置一条记录（“A 记录”）以将 **你的域名** 指向你服务器的公共 **IP 地址**。 + +这个操作一般只需要在最开始执行一次。 + +!!! tip + 域名这部分发生在 HTTPS 之前，由于这一切都依赖于域名和 IP 地址，所以先在这里提一下。 + +### DNS + +现在让我们关注真正的 HTTPS 部分。 + +首先，浏览器将通过 **DNS 服务器** 查询**域名的IP** 是什么，在本例中为 `someapp.example.com`。 + +DNS 服务器会告诉浏览器使用某个特定的 **IP 地址**。 这将是你在 DNS 服务器中为你的服务器配置的公共 IP 地址。 + + + +### TLS 握手开始 + +然后，浏览器将在**端口 443**（HTTPS 端口）上与该 IP 地址进行通信。 + +通信的第一部分只是建立客户端和服务器之间的连接并决定它们将使用的加密密钥等。 + + + +客户端和服务器之间建立 TLS 连接的过程称为 **TLS 握手**。 + +### 带有 SNI 扩展的 TLS + +**服务器中只有一个进程**可以侦听特定 **IP 地址**的特定 **端口**。 可能有其他进程在同一 IP 地址的其他端口上侦听，但每个 IP 地址和端口组合只有一个进程。 + +TLS (HTTPS) 默认使用端口`443`。 这就是我们需要的端口。 + +由于只有一个进程可以监听此端口，因此监听端口的进程将是 **TLS 终止代理**。 + +TLS 终止代理可以访问一个或多个 **TLS 证书**（HTTPS 证书）。 + +使用上面讨论的 **SNI 扩展**，TLS 终止代理将检查应该用于此连接的可用 TLS (HTTPS) 证书，并使用与客户端期望的域名相匹配的证书。 + +在这种情况下，它将使用`someapp.example.com`的证书。 + + + +客户端已经**信任**生成该 TLS 证书的实体（在本例中为 Let's Encrypt，但我们稍后会看到），因此它可以**验证**该证书是否有效。 + +然后，通过使用证书，客户端和 TLS 终止代理 **决定如何加密** **TCP 通信** 的其余部分。 这就完成了 **TLS 握手** 部分。 + +此后，客户端和服务器就拥有了**加密的 TCP 连接**，这就是 TLS 提供的功能。 然后他们可以使用该连接来启动实际的 **HTTP 通信**。 + +这就是 **HTTPS**，它只是 **安全 TLS 连接** 内的普通 **HTTP**，而不是纯粹的（未加密的）TCP 连接。 + +!!! tip + 请注意，通信加密发生在 **TCP 层**，而不是 HTTP 层。 + +### HTTPS 请求 + +现在客户端和服务器（特别是浏览器和 TLS 终止代理）具有 **加密的 TCP 连接**，它们可以开始 **HTTP 通信**。 + +接下来，客户端发送一个 **HTTPS 请求**。 这其实只是一个通过 TLS 加密连接的 HTTP 请求。 + + + +### 解密请求 + +TLS 终止代理将使用协商好的加密算法**解密请求**，并将**（解密的）HTTP 请求**传输到运行应用程序的进程（例如运行 FastAPI 应用的 Uvicorn 进程）。 + + + +### HTTP 响应 + +应用程序将处理请求并向 TLS 终止代理发送**（未加密）HTTP 响应**。 + + + +### HTTPS 响应 + +然后，TLS 终止代理将使用之前协商的加密算法（以`someapp.example.com`的证书开头）对响应进行加密，并将其发送回浏览器。 + +接下来，浏览器将验证响应是否有效和是否使用了正确的加密密钥等。然后它会**解密响应**并处理它。 + + + +客户端（浏览器）将知道响应来自正确的服务器，因为它使用了他们之前使用 **HTTPS 证书** 协商出的加密算法。 + +### 多个应用程序 + +在同一台（或多台）服务器中，可能存在**多个应用程序**，例如其他 API 程序或数据库。 + +只有一个进程可以处理特定的 IP 和端口（在我们的示例中为 TLS 终止代理），但其他应用程序/进程也可以在服务器上运行，只要它们不尝试使用相同的 **公共 IP 和端口的组合**。 + + + +这样，TLS 终止代理就可以为多个应用程序处理**多个域名**的 HTTPS 和证书，然后在每种情况下将请求传输到正确的应用程序。 + +### 证书更新 + +在未来的某个时候，每个证书都会**过期**（大约在获得证书后 3 个月）。 + +然后，会有另一个程序（在某些情况下是另一个程序，在某些情况下可能是同一个 TLS 终止代理）与 Let's Encrypt 通信并更新证书。 + + + +**TLS 证书** **与域名相关联**，而不是与 IP 地址相关联。 + +因此，要更新证书，更新程序需要向权威机构（Let's Encrypt）**证明**它确实**“拥有”并控制该域名**。 + +有多种方法可以做到这一点。 一些流行的方式是： + +* **修改一些DNS记录**。 + * 为此，续订程序需要支持 DNS 提供商的 API，因此，要看你使用的 DNS 提供商是否提供这一功能。 +* **在与域名关联的公共 IP 地址上作为服务器运行**（至少在证书获取过程中）。 + * 正如我们上面所说，只有一个进程可以监听特定的 IP 和端口。 + * 这就是当同一个 TLS 终止代理还负责证书续订过程时它非常有用的原因之一。 + * 否则，你可能需要暂时停止 TLS 终止代理，启动续订程序以获取证书，然后使用 TLS 终止代理配置它们，然后重新启动 TLS 终止代理。 这并不理想，因为你的应用程序在 TLS 终止代理关闭期间将不可用。 + +通过拥有一个**单独的系统来使用 TLS 终止代理来处理 HTTPS**, 而不是直接将 TLS 证书与应用程序服务器一起使用 （例如 Uvicorn）,你可以在 +更新证书的过程中同时保持提供服务。 + +## 回顾 + +拥有**HTTPS** 非常重要，并且在大多数情况下相当**关键**。 作为开发人员，你围绕 HTTPS 所做的大部分努力就是**理解这些概念**以及它们的工作原理。 + +一旦你了解了**面向开发人员的 HTTPS** 的基础知识，你就可以轻松组合和配置不同的工具，以帮助你以简单的方式管理一切。 + +在接下来的一些章节中，我将向你展示几个为 **FastAPI** 应用程序设置 **HTTPS** 的具体示例。 🔒 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/deployment/index.md b/docs/zh/docs/deployment/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1ec0c5c5b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/deployment/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# 部署 + +部署 **FastAPI** 应用程序相对容易。 + +## 部署是什么意思 + +**部署**应用程序意味着执行必要的步骤以使其**可供用户使用**。 + +对于**Web API**来说，通常涉及将上传到**云服务器**中，搭配一个性能和稳定性都不错的**服务器程序**，以便你的**用户**可以高效地**访问**你的应用程序，而不会出现中断或其他问题。 + +这与**开发**阶段形成鲜明对比，在**开发**阶段，你不断更改代码、破坏代码、修复代码, 来回停止和重启服务器等。 + +## 部署策略 + +根据你的使用场景和使用的工具，有多种方法可以实现此目的。 + +你可以使用一些工具自行**部署服务器**，你也可以使用能为你完成部分工作的**云服务**，或其他可能的选项。 + +我将向你展示在部署 **FastAPI** 应用程序时你可能应该记住的一些主要概念（尽管其中大部分适用于任何其他类型的 Web 应用程序）。 + +在接下来的部分中，你将看到更多需要记住的细节以及一些技巧。 ✨ diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/deployment/manually.md b/docs/zh/docs/deployment/manually.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..15588043f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/deployment/manually.md @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +# 手动运行服务器 - Uvicorn + +在远程服务器计算机上运行 **FastAPI** 应用程序所需的主要东西是 ASGI 服务器程序，例如 **Uvicorn**。 + +有 3 个主要可选方案： + +* Uvicorn：高性能 ASGI 服务器。 +* Hypercorn：与 HTTP/2 和 Trio 等兼容的 ASGI 服务器。 +* Daphne：为 Django Channels 构建的 ASGI 服务器。 + +## 服务器主机和服务器程序 + +关于名称，有一个小细节需要记住。 💡 + +“**服务器**”一词通常用于指远程/云计算机（物理机或虚拟机）以及在该计算机上运行的程序（例如 Uvicorn）。 + +请记住，当您一般读到“服务器”这个名词时，它可能指的是这两者之一。 + +当提到远程主机时，通常将其称为**服务器**，但也称为**机器**(machine)、**VM**（虚拟机）、**节点**。 这些都是指某种类型的远程计算机，通常运行 Linux，您可以在其中运行程序。 + + +## 安装服务器程序 + +您可以使用以下命令安装 ASGI 兼容服务器： + +=== "Uvicorn" + + * Uvicorn，一个快如闪电 ASGI 服务器，基于 uvloop 和 httptools 构建。 + +
+ + ```console + $ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" + + ---> 100% + ``` + +
+ + !!! tip + 通过添加`standard`，Uvicorn 将安装并使用一些推荐的额外依赖项。 + + 其中包括`uvloop`，它是`asyncio`的高性能替代品，它提供了巨大的并发性能提升。 + +=== "Hypercorn" + + * Hypercorn，一个也与 HTTP/2 兼容的 ASGI 服务器。 + +
+ + ```console + $ pip install hypercorn + + ---> 100% + ``` + +
+ + ...或任何其他 ASGI 服务器。 + + +## 运行服务器程序 + +您可以按照之前教程中的相同方式运行应用程序，但不使用`--reload`选项，例如： + +=== "Uvicorn" + +
+ + ```console + $ uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 80 + + INFO: Uvicorn running on http://0.0.0.0:80 (Press CTRL+C to quit) + ``` + +
+ + +=== "Hypercorn" + +
+ + ```console + $ hypercorn main:app --bind 0.0.0.0:80 + + Running on 0.0.0.0:8080 over http (CTRL + C to quit) + ``` + +
+ +!!! warning + 如果您正在使用`--reload`选项，请记住删除它。 + + `--reload` 选项消耗更多资源，并且更不稳定。 + + 它在**开发**期间有很大帮助，但您**不应该**在**生产环境**中使用它。 + +## Hypercorn with Trio + +Starlette 和 **FastAPI** 基于 AnyIO， 所以它们才能同时与 Python 的标准库 asyncio 和Trio 兼容。 + +尽管如此，Uvicorn 目前仅与 asyncio 兼容，并且通常使用 `uvloop`, 它是`asyncio`的高性能替代品。 + +但如果你想直接使用**Trio**，那么你可以使用**Hypercorn**，因为它支持它。 ✨ + +### 安装具有 Trio 的 Hypercorn + +首先，您需要安装具有 Trio 支持的 Hypercorn： + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "hypercorn[trio]" +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +### Run with Trio + +然后你可以传递值`trio`给命令行选项`--worker-class`: + +
+ +```console +$ hypercorn main:app --worker-class trio +``` + +
+ +这将通过您的应用程序启动 Hypercorn，并使用 Trio 作为后端。 + +现在您可以在应用程序内部使用 Trio。 或者更好的是，您可以使用 AnyIO，使您的代码与 Trio 和 asyncio 兼容。 🎉 + +## 部署概念 + +这些示例运行服务器程序（例如 Uvicorn），启动**单个进程**，在所有 IP（`0.0.0.0`)上监听预定义端口（例如`80`)。 + +这是基本思路。 但您可能需要处理一些其他事情，例如： + +* 安全性 - HTTPS +* 启动时运行 +* 重新启动 +* Replication（运行的进程数） +* 内存 +* 开始前的步骤 + +在接下来的章节中，我将向您详细介绍每个概念、如何思考它们，以及一些具体示例以及处理它们的策略。 🚀 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/deployment/server-workers.md b/docs/zh/docs/deployment/server-workers.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ee3de9b5d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/deployment/server-workers.md @@ -0,0 +1,184 @@ +# Server Workers - Gunicorn with Uvicorn + +让我们回顾一下之前的部署概念： + +* 安全性 - HTTPS +* 启动时运行 +* 重新启动 +* **复制（运行的进程数）** +* 内存 +* 启动前的先前步骤 + +到目前为止，通过文档中的所有教程，您可能已经在**单个进程**上运行了像 Uvicorn 这样的**服务器程序**。 + +部署应用程序时，您可能希望进行一些**进程复制**，以利用**多核**并能够处理更多请求。 + +正如您在上一章有关[部署概念](./concepts.md){.internal-link target=_blank}中看到的，您可以使用多种策略。 + +在这里我将向您展示如何将 **Gunicorn** 与 **Uvicorn worker 进程** 一起使用。 + +!!! info + 如果您正在使用容器，例如 Docker 或 Kubernetes，我将在下一章中告诉您更多相关信息：[容器中的 FastAPI - Docker](./docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank}。 + + 特别是，当在 **Kubernetes** 上运行时，您可能**不想**使用 Gunicorn，而是运行 **每个容器一个 Uvicorn 进程**，但我将在本章后面告诉您这一点。 + + + +## Gunicorn with Uvicorn Workers + +**Gunicorn**主要是一个使用**WSGI标准**的应用服务器。 这意味着 Gunicorn 可以为 Flask 和 Django 等应用程序提供服务。 Gunicorn 本身与 **FastAPI** 不兼容，因为 FastAPI 使用最新的 **ASGI 标准**。 + +但 Gunicorn 支持充当 **进程管理器** 并允许用户告诉它要使用哪个特定的 **worker类**。 然后 Gunicorn 将使用该类启动一个或多个 **worker进程**。 + +**Uvicorn** 有一个 Gunicorn 兼容的worker类。 + +使用这种组合，Gunicorn 将充当 **进程管理器**，监听 **端口** 和 **IP**。 它会将通信**传输**到运行**Uvicorn类**的worker进程。 + +然后与Gunicorn兼容的**Uvicorn worker**类将负责将Gunicorn发送的数据转换为ASGI标准以供FastAPI使用。 + +## 安装 Gunicorn 和 Uvicorn + +
+ +```console +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" gunicorn + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +这将安装带有`standard`扩展包（以获得高性能）的 Uvicorn 和 Gunicorn。 + +## Run Gunicorn with Uvicorn Workers + +接下来你可以通过以下命令运行Gunicorn: + +
+ +```console +$ gunicorn main:app --workers 4 --worker-class uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker --bind 0.0.0.0:80 + +[19499] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.1.0 +[19499] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:80 (19499) +[19499] [INFO] Using worker: uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker +[19511] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19511 +[19513] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19513 +[19514] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19514 +[19515] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19515 +[19511] [INFO] Started server process [19511] +[19511] [INFO] Waiting for application startup. +[19511] [INFO] Application startup complete. +[19513] [INFO] Started server process [19513] +[19513] [INFO] Waiting for application startup. +[19513] [INFO] Application startup complete. +[19514] [INFO] Started server process [19514] +[19514] [INFO] Waiting for application startup. +[19514] [INFO] Application startup complete. +[19515] [INFO] Started server process [19515] +[19515] [INFO] Waiting for application startup. +[19515] [INFO] Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ + +让我们看看每个选项的含义： + +* `main:app`：这与 Uvicorn 使用的语法相同，`main` 表示名为"`main`"的 Python 模块，因此是文件 `main.py`。 `app` 是 **FastAPI** 应用程序的变量名称。 + * 你可以想象 `main:app` 相当于一个 Python `import` 语句，例如： + + ```Python + from main import app + ``` + + * 因此，`main:app` 中的冒号相当于 `from main import app` 中的 Python `import` 部分。 + +* `--workers`：要使用的worker进程数量，每个进程将运行一个 Uvicorn worker进程，在本例中为 4 个worker进程。 + +* `--worker-class`：在worker进程中使用的与 Gunicorn 兼容的工作类。 + * 这里我们传递了 Gunicorn 可以导入和使用的类： + + ```Python + import uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker + ``` + +* `--bind`：这告诉 Gunicorn 要监听的 IP 和端口，使用冒号 (`:`) 分隔 IP 和端口。 + * 如果您直接运行 Uvicorn，则可以使用`--host 0.0.0.0`和`--port 80`，而不是`--bind 0.0.0.0:80`（Gunicorn 选项）。 + + +在输出中，您可以看到它显示了每个进程的 **PID**（进程 ID）（它只是一个数字）。 + +你可以看到： + +* Gunicorn **进程管理器** 以 PID `19499` 开头（在您的情况下，它将是一个不同的数字）。 +* 然后它开始`Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:80`。 +* 然后它检测到它必须使用 `uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker` 处的worker类。 +* 然后它启动**4个worker**，每个都有自己的PID：`19511`、`19513`、`19514`和`19515`。 + +Gunicorn 还将负责管理**死进程**和**重新启动**新进程（如果需要保持worker数量）。 因此，这在一定程度上有助于上面列表中**重启**的概念。 + +尽管如此，您可能还希望有一些外部的东西，以确保在必要时**重新启动 Gunicorn**，并且**在启动时运行它**等。 + +## Uvicorn with Workers + +Uvicorn 也有一个选项可以启动和运行多个 **worker进程**。 + +然而，到目前为止，Uvicorn 处理worker进程的能力比 Gunicorn 更有限。 因此，如果您想拥有这个级别（Python 级别）的进程管理器，那么最好尝试使用 Gunicorn 作为进程管理器。 + +无论如何，您都可以像这样运行它： + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8080 --workers 4 +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://0.0.0.0:8080 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +INFO: Started parent process [27365] +INFO: Started server process [27368] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +INFO: Started server process [27369] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +INFO: Started server process [27370] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +INFO: Started server process [27367] +INFO: Waiting for application startup. +INFO: Application startup complete. +``` + +
+ +这里唯一的新选项是 `--workers` 告诉 Uvicorn 启动 4 个工作进程。 + +您还可以看到它显示了每个进程的 **PID**，父进程（这是 **进程管理器**）的 PID 为`27365`，每个工作进程的 PID 为：`27368`、`27369`， `27370`和`27367`。 + +## 部署概念 + +在这里，您了解了如何使用 **Gunicorn**（或 Uvicorn）管理 **Uvicorn 工作进程**来**并行**应用程序的执行，利用 CPU 中的 **多核**，并 能够满足**更多请求**。 + +从上面的部署概念列表来看，使用worker主要有助于**复制**部分，并对**重新启动**有一点帮助，但您仍然需要照顾其他部分： + +* **安全 - HTTPS** +* **启动时运行** +* ***重新启动*** +* 复制（运行的进程数） +* **内存** +* **启动之前的先前步骤** + +## 容器和 Docker + +在关于 [容器中的 FastAPI - Docker](./docker.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 的下一章中，我将介绍一些可用于处理其他 **部署概念** 的策略。 + +我还将向您展示 **官方 Docker 镜像**，其中包括 **Gunicorn 和 Uvicorn worker** 以及一些对简单情况有用的默认配置。 + +在那里，我还将向您展示如何 **从头开始构建自己的镜像** 以运行单个 Uvicorn 进程（没有 Gunicorn）。 这是一个简单的过程，并且可能是您在使用像 **Kubernetes** 这样的分布式容器管理系统时想要做的事情。 + +## 回顾 + +您可以使用**Gunicorn**（或Uvicorn）作为Uvicorn工作进程的进程管理器，以利用**多核CPU**，**并行运行多个进程**。 + +如果您要设置**自己的部署系统**，同时自己处理其他部署概念，则可以使用这些工具和想法。 + +请查看下一章，了解带有容器（例如 Docker 和 Kubernetes）的 **FastAPI**。 您将看到这些工具也有简单的方法来解决其他**部署概念**。 ✨ diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/deployment/versions.md b/docs/zh/docs/deployment/versions.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..75b870139 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/deployment/versions.md @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +# 关于 FastAPI 版本 + +**FastAPI** 已在许多应用程序和系统的生产环境中使用。 并且测试覆盖率保持在100%。 但其开发进度仍在快速推进。 + +经常添加新功能，定期修复错误，并且代码仍在持续改进。 + +这就是为什么当前版本仍然是`0.x.x`，这反映出每个版本都可能有Breaking changes。 这遵循语义版本控制的约定。 + +你现在就可以使用 **FastAPI** 创建生产环境应用程序（你可能已经这样做了一段时间），你只需确保使用的版本可以与其余代码正确配合即可。 + +## 固定你的 `fastapi` 版本 + +你应该做的第一件事是将你正在使用的 **FastAPI** 版本“固定”到你知道适用于你的应用程序的特定最新版本。 + +例如，假设你在应用程序中使用版本`0.45.0`。 + +如果你使用`requirements.txt`文件，你可以使用以下命令指定版本： + +````txt +fastapi==0.45.0 +```` + +这意味着你将使用版本`0.45.0`。 + +或者你也可以将其固定为： + +````txt +fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0 +```` + +这意味着你将使用`0.45.0`或更高版本，但低于`0.46.0`，例如，版本`0.45.2`仍会被接受。 + +如果你使用任何其他工具来管理你的安装，例如 Poetry、Pipenv 或其他工具，它们都有一种定义包的特定版本的方法。 + +## 可用版本 + +你可以在[发行说明](../release-notes.md){.internal-link target=_blank}中查看可用版本（例如查看当前最新版本）。 + +## 关于版本 + +遵循语义版本控制约定，任何低于`1.0.0`的版本都可能会添加 breaking changes。 + +FastAPI 还遵循这样的约定：任何`PATCH`版本更改都是为了bug修复和non-breaking changes。 + +!!! tip + "PATCH"是最后一个数字，例如，在`0.2.3`中，PATCH版本是`3`。 + +因此，你应该能够固定到如下版本： + +```txt +fastapi>=0.45.0,<0.46.0 +``` + +"MINOR"版本中会添加breaking changes和新功能。 + +!!! tip + "MINOR"是中间的数字，例如，在`0.2.3`中，MINOR版本是`2`。 + +## 升级FastAPI版本 + +你应该为你的应用程序添加测试。 + +使用 **FastAPI** 编写测试非常简单（感谢 Starlette），请参考文档：[测试](../tutorial/testing.md){.internal-link target=_blank} + +添加测试后，你可以将 **FastAPI** 版本升级到更新版本，并通过运行测试来确保所有代码都能正常工作。 + +如果一切正常，或者在进行必要的更改之后，并且所有测试都通过了，那么你可以将`fastapi`固定到新的版本。 + +## 关于Starlette + +你不应该固定`starlette`的版本。 + +不同版本的 **FastAPI** 将使用特定的较新版本的 Starlette。 + +因此，**FastAPI** 自己可以使用正确的 Starlette 版本。 + +## 关于 Pydantic + +Pydantic 包含针对 **FastAPI** 的测试及其自己的测试，因此 Pydantic 的新版本（`1.0.0`以上）始终与 FastAPI 兼容。 + +你可以将 Pydantic 固定到适合你的`1.0.0`以上和`2.0.0`以下的任何版本。 + +例如： + +````txt +pydantic>=1.2.0,<2.0.0 +```` diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/fastapi-people.md b/docs/zh/docs/fastapi-people.md index 75651592d..5d7b0923f 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/fastapi-people.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/fastapi-people.md @@ -114,6 +114,8 @@ FastAPI 有一个非常棒的社区，它欢迎来自各个领域和背景的朋 他们主要通过GitHub Sponsors支持我在 **FastAPI** (和其他项目)的工作。 +{% if sponsors %} + {% if sponsors.gold %} ### 金牌赞助商 @@ -141,6 +143,8 @@ FastAPI 有一个非常棒的社区，它欢迎来自各个领域和背景的朋 {% endfor %} {% endif %} +{% endif %} + ### 个人赞助 {% if github_sponsors %} diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/features.md b/docs/zh/docs/features.md index 4752947a3..2db7f852a 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/features.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/features.md @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ FastAPI 有一个使用非常简单，但是非常强大的IDE/linter/brain** 适配: - * 因为 pydantic 数据结构仅仅是你定义的类的实例；自动补全，linting，mypy 以及你的直觉应该可以和你验证的数据一起正常工作。 + * 因为 pydantic 数据结构仅仅是你定义的类的实例；自动补全，linting，mypy 以及你的直觉应该可以和你验证的数据一起正常工作。 * **更快**： - * 在 基准测试 中，Pydantic 比其他被测试的库都要快。 + * 在 基准测试 中，Pydantic 比其他被测试的库都要快。 * 验证**复杂结构**: * 使用分层的 Pydantic 模型, Python `typing`的 `List` 和 `Dict` 等等。 * 验证器使我们能够简单清楚的将复杂的数据模式定义、检查并记录为 JSON Schema。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/help-fastapi.md b/docs/zh/docs/help-fastapi.md index 99e37b7c1..9b70d115a 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/help-fastapi.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/help-fastapi.md @@ -1,107 +1,146 @@ -# 帮助 FastAPI - 获取帮助 +# 帮助 FastAPI 与求助 -你喜欢 **FastAPI** 吗？ +您喜欢 **FastAPI** 吗？ -您愿意去帮助 FastAPI，帮助其他用户以及作者吗？ +想帮助 FastAPI？其它用户？还有项目作者？ -或者你想要获得有关 **FastAPI** 的帮助？ +或要求助怎么使用 **FastAPI**？ -下面是一些非常简单的方式去提供帮助（有些只需单击一两次链接）。 +以下几种帮助的方式都非常简单（有些只需要点击一两下鼠标）。 -以及几种获取帮助的途径。 +求助的渠道也很多。 -## 在 GitHub 上 Star **FastAPI** +## 订阅新闻邮件 -你可以在 GitHub 上 "star" FastAPI（点击右上角的 star 按钮）：https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi。 +您可以订阅 [**FastAPI 和它的小伙伴** 新闻邮件](/newsletter/){.internal-link target=_blank}（不会经常收到） -通过添加 star，其他用户将会更容易发现 FastAPI，并了解已经有许多人认为它有用。 +* FastAPI 及其小伙伴的新闻 🚀 +* 指南 📝 +* 功能 ✨ +* 破坏性更改 🚨 +* 开发技巧 ✅ -## Watch GitHub 仓库的版本发布 +## 在推特上关注 FastAPI -你可以在 GitHub 上 "watch" FastAPI（点击右上角的 watch 按钮）：https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi。 +在 **Twitter** 上关注 @fastapi 获取 **FastAPI** 的最新消息。🐦 -这时你可以选择 "Releases only" 选项。 +## 在 GitHub 上为 **FastAPI** 加星 -之后，只要有 **FastAPI** 的新版本（包含缺陷修复和新功能）发布，你都会（通过电子邮件）收到通知。 +您可以在 GitHub 上 **Star** FastAPI（只要点击右上角的星星就可以了）： https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi。⭐️ -## 加入聊天室 +**Star** 以后，其它用户就能更容易找到 FastAPI，并了解到已经有其他用户在使用它了。 -加入 Gitter 上的聊天室：https://gitter.im/tiangolo/fastapi。 +## 关注 GitHub 资源库的版本发布 -在这里你可以快速提问、帮助他人、分享想法等。 +您还可以在 GitHub 上 **Watch** FastAPI，（点击右上角的 **Watch** 按钮）https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi。👀 -## 与作者联系 +您可以选择只关注发布（**Releases only**）。 -你可以联系 我 (Sebastián Ramírez / `tiangolo`) - FastAPI 的作者。 +这样，您就可以（在电子邮件里）接收到 **FastAPI** 新版发布的通知，及时了解 bug 修复与新功能。 -你可以： +## 联系作者 -* 在 **GitHub** 上关注我。 - * 查看我创建的其他的可能对你有帮助的开源项目。 - * 关注我以了解我创建的新开源项目。 -* 在 **Twitter** 上关注我。 - * 告诉我你是如何使用 FastAPI 的（我很乐意听到）。 - * 提出问题。 -* 在 **Linkedin** 上联系我。 - * 与我交流。 - * 认可我的技能或推荐我 :) -* 在 **Medium** 上阅读我写的文章（或关注我）。 - * 阅读我创建的其他想法，文章和工具。 - * 关注我以了解我发布的新内容。 +您可以联系项目作者，就是我（Sebastián Ramírez / `tiangolo`）。 -## 发布和 **FastAPI** 有关的推特 +您可以： - 发布和 **FastAPI** 有关的推特 让我和其他人知道你为什么喜欢它。 +* 在 **GitHub** 上关注我 + * 了解其它我创建的开源项目，或许对您会有帮助 + * 关注我什么时候创建新的开源项目 +* 在 **Twitter** 上关注我 + * 告诉我您使用 FastAPI（我非常乐意听到这种消息） + * 接收我发布公告或新工具的消息 + * 您还可以关注@fastapi on Twitter，这是个独立的账号 +* 在**领英**上联系我 + * 接收我发布公告或新工具的消息（虽然我用 Twitter 比较多） +* 阅读我在 **Dev.to** 或 **Medium** 上的文章，或关注我 + * 阅读我的其它想法、文章，了解我创建的工具 + * 关注我，这样就可以随时看到我发布的新文章 -## 告诉我你正在如何使用 **FastAPI** +## Tweet about **FastAPI** -我很乐意听到有关 **FastAPI** 被如何使用、你喜欢它的哪一点、被投入使用的项目/公司等等信息。 +Tweet about **FastAPI** 让我和大家知道您为什么喜欢 FastAPI。🎉 -你可以通过以下平台让我知道： - -* **Twitter**。 -* **Linkedin**。 -* **Medium**。 +知道有人使用 **FastAPI**，我会很开心，我也想知道您为什么喜欢 FastAPI，以及您在什么项目/哪些公司使用 FastAPI，等等。 ## 为 FastAPI 投票 -* 在 Slant 上为 **FastAPI** 投票。 +* 在 Slant 上为 **FastAPI** 投票 +* 在 AlternativeTo 上为 **FastAPI** 投票 -## 帮助他人解决 GitHub 的 issues +## 在 GitHub 上帮助其他人解决问题 -你可以查看 已有的 issues 并尝试帮助其他人。 +您可以查看现有 issues，并尝试帮助其他人解决问题，说不定您能解决这些问题呢。🤓 -## Watch GitHub 仓库 +如果帮助很多人解决了问题，您就有可能成为 [FastAPI 的官方专家](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}。🎉 -你可以在 GitHub 上 "watch" FastAPI（点击右上角的 "watch" 按钮）：https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi。 +## 监听 GitHub 资源库 -如果你选择的是 "Watching" 而不是 "Releases only" 选项，你会在其他人创建了新的 issue 时收到通知。 +您可以在 GitHub 上「监听」FastAPI（点击右上角的 "watch" 按钮）： https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi. 👀 -然后你可以尝试帮助他们解决这些 issue。 +如果您选择 "Watching" 而不是 "Releases only"，有人创建新 Issue 时，您会接收到通知。 -## 创建 issue +然后您就可以尝试并帮助他们解决问题。 -你可以在 GitHub 仓库中 创建一个新 issue 用来： +## 创建 Issue -* 报告 bug 或问题。 -* 提议新的特性。 -* 提问。 +您可以在 GitHub 资源库中创建 Issue，例如： -## 创建 Pull Request +* 提出**问题**或**意见** +* 提出新**特性**建议 -你可以 创建一个 Pull Request 用来： +**注意**：如果您创建 Issue，我会要求您也要帮助别的用户。😉 -* 纠正你在文档中发现的错别字。 -* 添加新的文档内容。 -* 修复已有的 bug 或问题。 -* 添加新的特性。 +## 创建 PR + +您可以创建 PR 为源代码做[贡献](contributing.md){.internal-link target=_blank}，例如： + +* 修改文档错别字 +* 编辑这个文件，分享 FastAPI 的文章、视频、博客，不论是您自己的，还是您看到的都成 + * 注意，添加的链接要放在对应区块的开头 +* [翻译文档](contributing.md#translations){.internal-link target=_blank} + * 审阅别人翻译的文档 +* 添加新的文档内容 +* 修复现有问题/Bug +* 添加新功能 + +## 加入聊天 + +快加入 👥 Discord 聊天服务器 👥 和 FastAPI 社区里的小伙伴一起哈皮吧。 + +!!! tip "提示" + + 如有问题，请在 GitHub Issues 里提问，在这里更容易得到 [FastAPI 专家](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}的帮助。 + + 聊天室仅供闲聊。 + +### 别在聊天室里提问 + +注意，聊天室更倾向于“闲聊”，经常有人会提出一些笼统得让人难以回答的问题，所以在这里提问一般没人回答。 + +GitHub Issues 里提供了模板，指引您提出正确的问题，有利于获得优质的回答，甚至可能解决您还没有想到的问题。而且就算答疑解惑要耗费不少时间，我还是会尽量在 GitHub 里回答问题。但在聊天室里，我就没功夫这么做了。😅 + +聊天室里的聊天内容也不如 GitHub 里好搜索，聊天里的问答很容易就找不到了。只有在 GitHub Issues 里的问答才能帮助您成为 [FastAPI 专家](fastapi-people.md#experts){.internal-link target=_blank}，在 GitHub Issues 中为您带来更多关注。 + +另一方面，聊天室里有成千上万的用户，在这里，您有很大可能遇到聊得来的人。😄 ## 赞助作者 -你还可以通过 GitHub sponsors 在经济上支持作者（我）。 +您还可以通过 GitHub 赞助商资助本项目的作者（就是我）。 -这样你可以给我买杯咖啡☕️以示谢意😄。 +给我买杯咖啡 ☕️ 以示感谢 😄 + +当然您也可以成为 FastAPI 的金牌或银牌赞助商。🏅🎉 + +## 赞助 FastAPI 使用的工具 + +如您在本文档中所见，FastAPI 站在巨人的肩膀上，它们分别是 Starlette 和 Pydantic。 + +您还可以赞助： + +* Samuel Colvin （Pydantic） +* Encode （Starlette, Uvicorn） --- -感谢！ +谢谢！🚀 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/history-design-future.md b/docs/zh/docs/history-design-future.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..56a15d003 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/history-design-future.md @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +# 历史、设计、未来 + +不久前，曾有 **FastAPI** 用户问过： + +> 这个项目有怎样的历史？好像它只用了几周就从默默无闻变得众所周知…… + +在此，我们简单回顾一下 **FastAPI** 的历史。 + +## 备选方案 + +有那么几年，我曾领导数个开发团队为诸多复杂需求创建各种 API，这些需求包括机器学习、分布系统、异步任务、NoSQL 数据库等领域。 + +作为工作的一部分，我需要调研很多备选方案、还要测试并且使用这些备选方案。 + +**FastAPI** 其实只是延续了这些前辈的历史。 + +正如[备选方案](alternatives.md){.internal-link target=_blank}一章所述： + +
+没有大家之前所做的工作，**FastAPI** 就不会存在。 + +以前创建的这些工具为它的出现提供了灵感。 + +在那几年中，我一直回避创建新的框架。首先，我尝试使用各种框架、插件、工具解决 **FastAPI** 现在的功能。 + +但到了一定程度之后，我别无选择，只能从之前的工具中汲取最优思路，并以尽量好的方式把这些思路整合在一起，使用之前甚至是不支持的语言特性（Python 3.6+ 的类型提示），从而创建一个能满足我所有需求的框架。 + +
+ +## 调研 + +通过使用之前所有的备选方案，我有机会从它们之中学到了很多东西，获取了很多想法，并以我和我的开发团队能想到的最好方式把这些思路整合成一体。 + +例如，大家都清楚，在理想状态下，它应该基于标准的 Python 类型提示。 + +而且，最好的方式是使用现有的标准。 + +因此，甚至在开发 **FastAPI** 前，我就花了几个月的时间研究 OpenAPI、JSON Schema、OAuth2 等规范。深入理解它们之间的关系、重叠及区别之处。 + +## 设计 + +然后，我又花了一些时间从用户角度（使用 FastAPI 的开发者）设计了开发者 **API**。 + +同时，我还在最流行的 Python 代码编辑器中测试了很多思路，包括 PyCharm、VS Code、基于 Jedi 的编辑器。 + +根据最新 Python 开发者调研报告显示，这几种编辑器覆盖了约 80% 的用户。 + +也就是说，**FastAPI** 针对差不多 80% 的 Python 开发者使用的编辑器进行了测试，而且其它大多数编辑器的工作方式也与之类似，因此，**FastAPI** 的优势几乎能在所有编辑器上体现。 + +通过这种方式，我就能找到尽可能减少代码重复的最佳方式，进而实现处处都有自动补全、类型提示与错误检查等支持。 + +所有这些都是为了给开发者提供最佳的开发体验。 + +## 需求项 + +经过测试多种备选方案，我最终决定使用 **Pydantic**，并充分利用它的优势。 + +我甚至为它做了不少贡献，让它完美兼容了 JSON Schema，支持多种方式定义约束声明，并基于多个编辑器，改进了它对编辑器支持（类型检查、自动补全）。 + +在开发期间，我还为 **Starlette** 做了不少贡献，这是另一个关键需求项。 + +## 开发 + +当我启动 **FastAPI** 开发的时候，绝大多数部件都已经就位，设计已经定义，需求项和工具也已经准备就绪，相关标准与规范的知识储备也非常清晰而新鲜。 + +## 未来 + +至此，**FastAPI** 及其理念已经为很多人所用。 + +对于很多用例，它比以前很多备选方案都更适用。 + +很多开发者和开发团队已经依赖 **FastAPI** 开发他们的项目（包括我和我的团队）。 + +但，**FastAPI** 仍有很多改进的余地，也还需要添加更多的功能。 + +总之，**FastAPI** 前景光明。 + +在此，我们衷心感谢[您的帮助](help-fastapi.md){.internal-link target=_blank}。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/index.md b/docs/zh/docs/index.md index 85707e573..d776e5813 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/index.md @@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ --- -FastAPI 是一个用于构建 API 的现代、快速（高性能）的 web 框架，使用 Python 3.6+ 并基于标准的 Python 类型提示。 +FastAPI 是一个用于构建 API 的现代、快速（高性能）的 web 框架，使用 Python 3.8+ 并基于标准的 Python 类型提示。 关键特性: -* **快速**：可与 **NodeJS** 和 **Go** 比肩的极高性能（归功于 Starlette 和 Pydantic）。[最快的 Python web 框架之一](#_11)。 +* **快速**：可与 **NodeJS** 和 **Go** 并肩的极高性能（归功于 Starlette 和 Pydantic）。[最快的 Python web 框架之一](#_11)。 * **高效编码**：提高功能开发速度约 200％ 至 300％。* * **更少 bug**：减少约 40％ 的人为（开发者）导致错误。* @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ FastAPI 是一个用于构建 API 的现代、快速（高性能）的 web 框 ## 依赖 -Python 3.6 及更高版本 +Python 3.8 及更高版本 FastAPI 站在以下巨人的肩膀之上： @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi
```console -$ pip install uvicorn[standard] +$ pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ---> 100% ``` @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ $ pip install uvicorn[standard] * 创建一个 `main.py` 文件并写入以下内容: ```Python -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): 如果你的代码里会出现 `async` / `await`，请使用 `async def`： ```Python hl_lines="9 14" -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ async def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} ``` @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ INFO: Application startup complete. 我们借助 Pydantic 来使用标准的 Python 类型声明请求体。 ```Python hl_lines="4 9-12 25-27" -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str price: float - is_offer: Optional[bool] = None + is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None @app.get("/") @@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ def read_root(): @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None): +def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} @@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): 你不需要去学习新的语法、了解特定库的方法或类，等等。 -只需要使用标准的 **Python 3.6 及更高版本**。 +只需要使用标准的 **Python 3.8 及更高版本**。 举个例子，比如声明 `int` 类型： @@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ item: Item * 许多额外功能（归功于 Starlette）比如： * **WebSockets** * **GraphQL** - * 基于 `requests` 和 `pytest` 的极其简单的测试 + * 基于 HTTPX 和 `pytest` 的极其简单的测试 * **CORS** * **Cookie Sessions** * ......以及更多 @@ -437,13 +437,11 @@ item: Item 用于 Pydantic： -* ujson - 更快的 JSON 「解析」。 * email_validator - 用于 email 校验。 用于 Starlette： -* requests - 使用 `TestClient` 时安装。 -* aiofiles - 使用 `FileResponse` 或 `StaticFiles` 时安装。 +* httpx - 使用 `TestClient` 时安装。 * jinja2 - 使用默认模板配置时安装。 * python-multipart - 需要通过 `request.form()` 对表单进行「解析」时安装。 * itsdangerous - 需要 `SessionMiddleware` 支持时安装。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/learn/index.md b/docs/zh/docs/learn/index.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..38696f6fe --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/learn/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# 学习 + +以下是学习 **FastAPI** 的介绍部分和教程。 + +您可以认为这是一本 **书**，一门 **课程**，是 **官方** 且推荐的学习FastAPI的方法。😎 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/project-generation.md b/docs/zh/docs/project-generation.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..feafa5333 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/project-generation.md @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +# 项目生成 - 模板 + +项目生成器一般都会提供很多初始设置、安全措施、数据库，甚至还准备好了第一个 API 端点，能帮助您快速上手。 + +项目生成器的设置通常都很主观，您可以按需更新或修改，但对于您的项目来说，它是非常好的起点。 + +## 全栈 FastAPI + PostgreSQL + +GitHub：https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql + +### 全栈 FastAPI + PostgreSQL - 功能 + +* 完整的 **Docker** 集成（基于 Docker） +* Docker Swarm 开发模式 +* **Docker Compose** 本地开发集成与优化 +* **生产可用**的 Python 网络服务器，使用 Uvicorn 或 Gunicorn +* Python **FastAPI** 后端： +* * **速度快**：可与 **NodeJS** 和 **Go** 比肩的极高性能（归功于 Starlette 和 Pydantic） + * **直观**：强大的编辑器支持，处处皆可自动补全，减少调试时间 + * **简单**：易学、易用，阅读文档所需时间更短 + * **简短**：代码重复最小化，每次参数声明都可以实现多个功能 + * **健壮**： 生产级别的代码，还有自动交互文档 + * **基于标准**：完全兼容并基于 API 开放标准：OpenAPI 和 JSON Schema + * **更多功能**包括自动验证、序列化、交互文档、OAuth2 JWT 令牌身份验证等 +* **安全密码**，默认使用密码哈希 +* **JWT 令牌**身份验证 +* **SQLAlchemy** 模型（独立于 Flask 扩展，可直接用于 Celery Worker） +* 基础的用户模型（可按需修改或删除） +* **Alembic** 迁移 +* **CORS**（跨域资源共享） +* **Celery** Worker 可从后端其它部分有选择地导入并使用模型和代码 +* REST 后端测试基于 Pytest，并与 Docker 集成，可独立于数据库实现完整的 API 交互测试。因为是在 Docker 中运行，每次都可从头构建新的数据存储（使用 ElasticSearch、MongoDB、CouchDB 等数据库，仅测试 API 运行） +* Python 与 **Jupyter Kernels** 集成，用于远程或 Docker 容器内部开发，使用 Atom Hydrogen 或 Visual Studio Code 的 Jupyter 插件 +* **Vue** 前端： + * 由 Vue CLI 生成 + * **JWT 身份验证**处理 + * 登录视图 + * 登录后显示主仪表盘视图 + * 主仪表盘支持用户创建与编辑 + * 用户信息编辑 + * **Vuex** + * **Vue-router** + * **Vuetify** 美化组件 + * **TypeScript** + * 基于 **Nginx** 的 Docker 服务器（优化了 Vue-router 配置） + * Docker 多阶段构建，无需保存或提交编译的代码 + * 在构建时运行前端测试（可禁用） + * 尽量模块化，开箱即用，但仍可使用 Vue CLI 重新生成或创建所需项目，或复用所需内容 +* 使用 **PGAdmin** 管理 PostgreSQL 数据库，可轻松替换为 PHPMyAdmin 或 MySQL +* 使用 **Flower** 监控 Celery 任务 +* 使用 **Traefik** 处理前后端负载平衡，可把前后端放在同一个域下，按路径分隔，但在不同容器中提供服务 +* Traefik 集成，包括自动生成 Let's Encrypt **HTTPS** 凭证 +* GitLab **CI**（持续集成），包括前后端测试 + +## 全栈 FastAPI + Couchbase + +GitHub：https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-couchbase + +⚠️ **警告** ⚠️ + +如果您想从头开始创建新项目，建议使用以下备选方案。 + +例如，项目生成器全栈 FastAPI + PostgreSQL 会更适用，这个项目的维护积极，用的人也多，还包括了所有新功能和改进内容。 + +当然，您也可以放心使用这个基于 Couchbase 的生成器，它也能正常使用。就算用它生成项目也没有任何问题（为了更好地满足需求，您可以自行更新这个项目）。 + +详见资源仓库中的文档。 + +## 全栈 FastAPI + MongoDB + +……敬请期待，得看我有没有时间做这个项目。😅 🎉 + +## FastAPI + spaCy 机器学习模型 + +GitHub：https://github.com/microsoft/cookiecutter-spacy-fastapi + +### FastAPI + spaCy 机器学习模型 - 功能 + +* 集成 **spaCy** NER 模型 +* 内置 **Azure 认知搜索**请求格式 +* **生产可用**的 Python 网络服务器，使用 Uvicorn 与 Gunicorn +* 内置 **Azure DevOps** Kubernetes (AKS) CI/CD 开发 +* **多语**支持，可在项目设置时选择 spaCy 内置的语言 +* 不仅局限于 spaCy，可**轻松扩展**至其它模型框架（Pytorch、TensorFlow） diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/python-types.md b/docs/zh/docs/python-types.md index 67a1612f0..6cdb4b588 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/python-types.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/python-types.md @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ John Doe 这表示： -* 变量 `items_t` 是一个 `tuple`，其中的每个元素都是 `int` 类型。 +* 变量 `items_t` 是一个 `tuple`，其中的前两个元素都是 `int` 类型, 最后一个元素是 `str` 类型。 * 变量 `items_s` 是一个 `set`，其中的每个元素都是 `bytes` 类型。 #### 字典 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..94b75d4fd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/background-tasks.md @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +# 后台任务 + +你可以定义在返回响应后运行的后台任务。 + +这对需要在请求之后执行的操作很有用，但客户端不必在接收响应之前等待操作完成。 + +包括这些例子： + +* 执行操作后发送的电子邮件通知： + * 由于连接到电子邮件服务器并发送电子邮件往往很“慢”（几秒钟），您可以立即返回响应并在后台发送电子邮件通知。 +* 处理数据： + * 例如，假设您收到的文件必须经过一个缓慢的过程，您可以返回一个"Accepted"(HTTP 202)响应并在后台处理它。 + +## 使用 `BackgroundTasks` + +首先导入 `BackgroundTasks` 并在 *路径操作函数* 中使用类型声明 `BackgroundTasks` 定义一个参数： + +```Python hl_lines="1 13" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +**FastAPI** 会创建一个 `BackgroundTasks` 类型的对象并作为该参数传入。 + +## 创建一个任务函数 + +创建要作为后台任务运行的函数。 + +它只是一个可以接收参数的标准函数。 + +它可以是 `async def` 或普通的 `def` 函数，**FastAPI** 知道如何正确处理。 + +在这种情况下，任务函数将写入一个文件（模拟发送电子邮件）。 + +由于写操作不使用 `async` 和 `await`，我们用普通的 `def` 定义函数： + +```Python hl_lines="6-9" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +## 添加后台任务 + +在你的 *路径操作函数* 里，用 `.add_task()` 方法将任务函数传到 *后台任务* 对象中： + +```Python hl_lines="14" +{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +`.add_task()` 接收以下参数： + +* 在后台运行的任务函数(`write_notification`)。 +* 应按顺序传递给任务函数的任意参数序列(`email`)。 +* 应传递给任务函数的任意关键字参数(`message="some notification"`)。 + +## 依赖注入 + +使用 `BackgroundTasks` 也适用于依赖注入系统，你可以在多个级别声明 `BackgroundTasks` 类型的参数：在 *路径操作函数* 里，在依赖中(可依赖)，在子依赖中，等等。 + +**FastAPI** 知道在每种情况下该做什么以及如何复用同一对象，因此所有后台任务被合并在一起并且随后在后台运行： + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="13 15 22 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="13 15 22 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="14 16 23 26" + {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ 没Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="11 13 20 23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ 没Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="13 15 22 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +该示例中，信息会在响应发出 *之后* 被写到 `log.txt` 文件。 + +如果请求中有查询，它将在后台任务中写入日志。 + +然后另一个在 *路径操作函数* 生成的后台任务会使用路径参数 `email` 写入一条信息。 + +## 技术细节 + +`BackgroundTasks` 类直接来自 `starlette.background`。 + +它被直接导入/包含到FastAPI以便你可以从 `fastapi` 导入，并避免意外从 `starlette.background` 导入备用的 `BackgroundTask` (后面没有 `s`)。 + +通过仅使用 `BackgroundTasks` (而不是 `BackgroundTask`)，使得能将它作为 *路径操作函数* 的参数 ，并让**FastAPI**为您处理其余部分, 就像直接使用 `Request` 对象。 + +在FastAPI中仍然可以单独使用 `BackgroundTask`，但您必须在代码中创建对象，并返回包含它的Starlette `Response`。 + +更多细节查看 Starlette's official docs for Background Tasks. + +## 告诫 + +如果您需要执行繁重的后台计算，并且不一定需要由同一进程运行（例如，您不需要共享内存、变量等），那么使用其他更大的工具（如 Celery）可能更好。 + +它们往往需要更复杂的配置，即消息/作业队列管理器，如RabbitMQ或Redis，但它们允许您在多个进程中运行后台任务，甚至是在多个服务器中。 + +要查看示例，查阅 [Project Generators](../project-generation.md){.internal-link target=_blank}，它们都包括已经配置的Celery。 + +但是，如果您需要从同一个**FastAPI**应用程序访问变量和对象，或者您需要执行小型后台任务（如发送电子邮件通知），您只需使用 `BackgroundTasks` 即可。 + +## 回顾 + +导入并使用 `BackgroundTasks` 通过 *路径操作函数* 中的参数和依赖项来添加后台任务。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/bigger-applications.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/bigger-applications.md index a1c010a0c..138959566 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/bigger-applications.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/bigger-applications.md @@ -79,17 +79,17 @@ 你可以导入它并通过与 `FastAPI` 类相同的方式创建一个「实例」： -```Python hl_lines="1 3" +```Python hl_lines="1 3" title="app/routers/users.py" {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/routers/users.py!} ``` -### 使用 `APIRouter` 的*路径操作* +### 使用 `APIRouter` 的*路径操作* 然后你可以使用它来声明*路径操作*。 使用方式与 `FastAPI` 类相同： -```Python hl_lines="6 11 16" +```Python hl_lines="6 11 16" title="app/routers/users.py" {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/routers/users.py!} ``` @@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ 现在我们将使用一个简单的依赖项来读取一个自定义的 `X-Token` 请求首部： -```Python hl_lines="1 4-6" +```Python hl_lines="1 4-6" title="app/dependencies.py" {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/dependencies.py!} ``` @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ 因此，我们可以将其添加到 `APIRouter` 中，而不是将其添加到每个路径操作中。 -```Python hl_lines="5-10 16 21" +```Python hl_lines="5-10 16 21" title="app/routers/items.py" {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/routers/items.py!} ``` @@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ async def read_item(item_id: str): 因此，我们通过 `..` 对依赖项使用了相对导入： -```Python hl_lines="3" +```Python hl_lines="3" title="app/routers/items.py" {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/routers/items.py!} ``` @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ from ...dependencies import get_token_header 但是我们仍然可以添加*更多*将会应用于特定的*路径操作*的 `tags`，以及一些特定于该*路径操作*的额外 `responses`： -```Python hl_lines="30-31" +```Python hl_lines="30-31" title="app/routers/items.py" {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/routers/items.py!} ``` @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ from ...dependencies import get_token_header 我们甚至可以声明[全局依赖项](dependencies/global-dependencies.md){.internal-link target=_blank}，它会和每个 `APIRouter` 的依赖项组合在一起： -```Python hl_lines="1 3 7" +```Python hl_lines="1 3 7" title="app/main.py" {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!} ``` @@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ from ...dependencies import get_token_header 现在，我们导入具有 `APIRouter` 的其他子模块： -```Python hl_lines="5" +```Python hl_lines="5" title="app/main.py" {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!} ``` @@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ from app.routers import items, users ```Python from .routers import items, users ``` - + 第二个版本是「绝对导入」： ```Python @@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ from .routers.users import router 因此，为了能够在同一个文件中使用它们，我们直接导入子模块： -```Python hl_lines="4" +```Python hl_lines="5" title="app/main.py" {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!} ``` @@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ from .routers.users import router 现在，让我们来包含来自 `users` 和 `items` 子模块的 `router`。 -```Python hl_lines="10-11" +```Python hl_lines="10-11" title="app/main.py" {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!} ``` @@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ from .routers.users import router 对于此示例，它将非常简单。但是假设由于它是与组织中的其他项目所共享的，因此我们无法对其进行修改，以及直接在 `APIRouter` 中添加 `prefix`、`dependencies`、`tags` 等： -```Python hl_lines="3" +```Python hl_lines="3" title="app/internal/admin.py" {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/internal/admin.py!} ``` @@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ from .routers.users import router 我们可以通过将这些参数传递给 `app.include_router()` 来完成所有的声明，而不必修改原始的 `APIRouter`： -```Python hl_lines="14-17" +```Python hl_lines="14-17" title="app/main.py" {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!} ``` @@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ from .routers.users import router 这里我们这样做了...只是为了表明我们可以做到🤷： -```Python hl_lines="21-23" +```Python hl_lines="21-23" title="app/main.py" {!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!} ``` diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md index 053cae71c..fb6c6d9b6 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/body-fields.md @@ -6,9 +6,41 @@ 首先，你必须导入它： -```Python hl_lines="2" -{!../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="2" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py!} + ``` !!! warning 注意，`Field` 是直接从 `pydantic` 导入的，而不是像其他的（`Query`，`Path`，`Body` 等）都从 `fastapi` 导入。 @@ -17,9 +49,41 @@ 然后，你可以对模型属性使用 `Field`： -```Python hl_lines="9-10" -{!../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11-14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11-14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12-15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="9-12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="11-14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py!} + ``` `Field` 的工作方式和 `Query`、`Path` 和 `Body` 相同，包括它们的参数等等也完全相同。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md index 0176902d0..c93ef2f5c 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/body-multiple-params.md @@ -8,9 +8,41 @@ 你还可以通过将默认值设置为 `None` 来将请求体参数声明为可选参数： -```Python hl_lines="17-19" -{!../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18-20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18-20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="17-19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="19-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` !!! note 请注意，在这种情况下，将从请求体获取的 `item` 是可选的。因为它的默认值为 `None`。 @@ -30,9 +62,17 @@ 但是你也可以声明多个请求体参数，例如 `item` 和 `user`： -```Python hl_lines="20" -{!../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002.py!} + ``` 在这种情况下，**FastAPI** 将注意到该函数中有多个请求体参数（两个 Pydantic 模型参数）。 @@ -72,9 +112,41 @@ 但是你可以使用 `Body` 指示 **FastAPI** 将其作为请求体的另一个键进行处理。 -```Python hl_lines="21" -{!../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003.py!} + ``` 在这种情况下，**FastAPI** 将期望像这样的请求体： @@ -109,9 +181,41 @@ q: str = None 比如： -```Python hl_lines="25" -{!../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="28" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004.py!} + ``` !!! info `Body` 同样具有与 `Query`、`Path` 以及其他后面将看到的类完全相同的额外校验和元数据参数。 @@ -126,14 +230,46 @@ q: str = None 但是，如果你希望它期望一个拥有 `item` 键并在值中包含模型内容的 JSON，就像在声明额外的请求体参数时所做的那样，则可以使用一个特殊的 `Body` 参数 `embed`： ```Python -item: Item = Body(..., embed=True) +item: Item = Body(embed=True) ``` 比如： -```Python hl_lines="15" -{!../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005.py!} + ``` 在这种情况下，**FastAPI** 将期望像这样的请求体： diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md index 9deac646f..c65308bef 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/body-nested-models.md @@ -6,9 +6,17 @@ 你可以将一个属性定义为拥有子元素的类型。例如 Python `list`： -```Python hl_lines="12" -{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001.py!} + ``` 这将使 `tags` 成为一个由元素组成的列表。不过它没有声明每个元素的类型。 @@ -21,7 +29,7 @@ 首先，从 Python 的标准库 `typing` 模块中导入 `List`： ```Python hl_lines="1" -{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!} +{!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!} ``` ### 声明具有子类型的 List @@ -43,9 +51,23 @@ my_list: List[str] 因此，在我们的示例中，我们可以将 `tags` 明确地指定为一个「字符串列表」： -```Python hl_lines="14" -{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!} + ``` ## Set 类型 @@ -55,9 +77,23 @@ Python 具有一种特殊的数据类型来保存一组唯一的元素，即 `se 然后我们可以导入 `Set` 并将 `tag` 声明为一个由 `str` 组成的 `set`： -```Python hl_lines="1 14" -{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003.py!} + ``` 这样，即使你收到带有重复数据的请求，这些数据也会被转换为一组唯一项。 @@ -79,17 +115,45 @@ Pydantic 模型的每个属性都具有类型。 例如，我们可以定义一个 `Image` 模型： -```Python hl_lines="9 10 11" -{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7-9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!} + ``` ### 将子模型用作类型 然后我们可以将其用作一个属性的类型： -```Python hl_lines="20" -{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py!} + ``` 这意味着 **FastAPI** 将期望类似于以下内容的请求体： @@ -122,9 +186,23 @@ Pydantic 模型的每个属性都具有类型。 例如，在 `Image` 模型中我们有一个 `url` 字段，我们可以把它声明为 Pydantic 的 `HttpUrl`，而不是 `str`： -```Python hl_lines="4 10" -{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="2 8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005.py!} + ``` 该字符串将被检查是否为有效的 URL，并在 JSON Schema / OpenAPI 文档中进行记录。 @@ -132,9 +210,23 @@ Pydantic 模型的每个属性都具有类型。 你还可以将 Pydantic 模型用作 `list`、`set` 等的子类型： -```Python hl_lines="20" -{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006.py!} + ``` 这将期望（转换，校验，记录文档等）下面这样的 JSON 请求体： @@ -169,9 +261,23 @@ Pydantic 模型的每个属性都具有类型。 你可以定义任意深度的嵌套模型： -```Python hl_lines="9 14 20 23 27" -{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7 12 18 21 25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 14 20 23 27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 14 20 23 27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007.py!} + ``` !!! info 请注意 `Offer` 拥有一组 `Item` 而反过来 `Item` 又是一个可选的 `Image` 列表是如何发生的。 @@ -186,9 +292,17 @@ images: List[Image] 例如： -```Python hl_lines="15" -{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial008.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial008_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial008.py!} + ``` ## 无处不在的编辑器支持 @@ -218,9 +332,17 @@ images: List[Image] 在下面的例子中，你将接受任意键为 `int` 类型并且值为 `float` 类型的 `dict`： -```Python hl_lines="15" -{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009.py!} + ``` !!! tip 请记住 JSON 仅支持将 `str` 作为键。 @@ -228,7 +350,7 @@ images: List[Image] 但是 Pydantic 具有自动转换数据的功能。 这意味着，即使你的 API 客户端只能将字符串作为键发送，只要这些字符串内容仅包含整数，Pydantic 就会对其进行转换并校验。 - + 然后你接收的名为 `weights` 的 `dict` 实际上将具有 `int` 类型的键和 `float` 类型的值。 ## 总结 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/body-updates.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/body-updates.md index 176bb174e..43f20f8fc 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/body-updates.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/body-updates.md @@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ !!! Note "笔记" `PATCH` 没有 `PUT` 知名，也怎么不常用。 - + 很多人甚至只用 `PUT` 实现部分更新。 - + **FastAPI** 对此没有任何限制，可以**随意**互换使用这两种操作。 - + 但本指南也会分别介绍这两种操作各自的用途。 ### 使用 Pydantic 的 `exclude_unset` 参数 @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ !!! note "笔记" 注意，输入模型仍需验证。 - + 因此，如果希望接收的部分更新数据可以省略其他所有属性，则要把模型中所有的属性标记为可选（使用默认值或 `None`）。 - + 为了区分用于**更新**所有可选值的模型与用于**创建**包含必选值的模型，请参照[更多模型](extra-models.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 一节中的思路。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/body.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/body.md index f80ab5bf5..5cf53c0c2 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/body.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/body.md @@ -17,9 +17,17 @@ 首先，你需要从 `pydantic` 中导入 `BaseModel`： -```Python hl_lines="2" -{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="2" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} + ``` ## 创建数据模型 @@ -27,9 +35,17 @@ 使用标准的 Python 类型来声明所有属性： -```Python hl_lines="5-9" -{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="5-9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7-11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} + ``` 和声明查询参数时一样，当一个模型属性具有默认值时，它不是必需的。否则它是一个必需属性。将默认值设为 `None` 可使其成为可选属性。 @@ -57,9 +73,17 @@ 使用与声明路径和查询参数的相同方式声明请求体，即可将其添加到「路径操作」中： -```Python hl_lines="16" -{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial001.py!} + ``` ...并且将它的类型声明为你创建的 `Item` 模型。 @@ -112,9 +136,17 @@ Pydantic 本身甚至也进行了一些更改以支持此功能。 在函数内部，你可以直接访问模型对象的所有属性： -```Python hl_lines="19" -{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial002.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial002.py!} + ``` ## 请求体 + 路径参数 @@ -122,9 +154,17 @@ Pydantic 本身甚至也进行了一些更改以支持此功能。 **FastAPI** 将识别出与路径参数匹配的函数参数应**从路径中获取**，而声明为 Pydantic 模型的函数参数应**从请求体中获取**。 -```Python hl_lines="15-16" -{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial003.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="15-16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17-18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial003.py!} + ``` ## 请求体 + 路径参数 + 查询参数 @@ -132,9 +172,17 @@ Pydantic 本身甚至也进行了一些更改以支持此功能。 **FastAPI** 会识别它们中的每一个，并从正确的位置获取数据。 -```Python hl_lines="16" -{!../../../docs_src/body/tutorial004.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/body/tutorial004.py!} + ``` 函数参数将依次按如下规则进行识别： diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md index d67daf0f9..f115f9677 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/cookie-params.md @@ -6,9 +6,41 @@ 首先，导入 `Cookie`: -```Python hl_lines="3" -{!../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` ## 声明 `Cookie` 参数 @@ -17,9 +49,41 @@ 第一个值是参数的默认值，同时也可以传递所有验证参数或注释参数，来校验参数： -```Python hl_lines="9" -{!../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` !!! note "技术细节" `Cookie` 、`Path` 、`Query`是兄弟类，它们都继承自公共的 `Param` 类 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1866da298 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md @@ -0,0 +1,247 @@ +# 类作为依赖项 + +在深入探究 **依赖注入** 系统之前，让我们升级之前的例子。 + +## 来自前一个例子的`dict` + +在前面的例子中, 我们从依赖项 ("可依赖对象") 中返回了一个 `dict`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +但是后面我们在路径操作函数的参数 `commons` 中得到了一个 `dict`。 + +我们知道编辑器不能为 `dict` 提供很多支持(比如补全)，因为编辑器不知道 `dict` 的键和值类型。 + +对此，我们可以做的更好... + +## 什么构成了依赖项？ + +到目前为止，您看到的依赖项都被声明为函数。 + +但这并不是声明依赖项的唯一方法(尽管它可能是更常见的方法)。 + +关键因素是依赖项应该是 "可调用对象"。 + +Python 中的 "**可调用对象**" 是指任何 Python 可以像函数一样 "调用" 的对象。 + +所以，如果你有一个对象 `something` (可能*不是*一个函数)，你可以 "调用" 它(执行它)，就像： + +```Python +something() +``` + +或者 + +```Python +something(some_argument, some_keyword_argument="foo") +``` + +这就是 "可调用对象"。 + +## 类作为依赖项 + +您可能会注意到，要创建一个 Python 类的实例，您可以使用相同的语法。 + +举个例子: + +```Python +class Cat: + def __init__(self, name: str): + self.name = name + + +fluffy = Cat(name="Mr Fluffy") +``` + +在这个例子中, `fluffy` 是一个 `Cat` 类的实例。 + +为了创建 `fluffy`，你调用了 `Cat` 。 + +所以，Python 类也是 **可调用对象**。 + +因此，在 **FastAPI** 中，你可以使用一个 Python 类作为一个依赖项。 + +实际上 FastAPI 检查的是它是一个 "可调用对象"（函数，类或其他任何类型）以及定义的参数。 + +如果您在 **FastAPI** 中传递一个 "可调用对象" 作为依赖项，它将分析该 "可调用对象" 的参数，并以处理路径操作函数的参数的方式来处理它们。包括子依赖项。 + +这也适用于完全没有参数的可调用对象。这与不带参数的路径操作函数一样。 + +所以，我们可以将上面的依赖项 "可依赖对象" `common_parameters` 更改为类 `CommonQueryParams`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9-13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11-15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +注意用于创建类实例的 `__init__` 方法： + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +...它与我们以前的 `common_parameters` 具有相同的参数： + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="6" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +这些参数就是 **FastAPI** 用来 "处理" 依赖项的。 + +在两个例子下，都有： + +* 一个可选的 `q` 查询参数，是 `str` 类型。 +* 一个 `skip` 查询参数，是 `int` 类型，默认值为 `0`。 +* 一个 `limit` 查询参数，是 `int` 类型，默认值为 `100`。 + +在两个例子下，数据都将被转换、验证、在 OpenAPI schema 上文档化，等等。 + +## 使用它 + +现在，您可以使用这个类来声明你的依赖项了。 + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py!} + ``` + +**FastAPI** 调用 `CommonQueryParams` 类。这将创建该类的一个 "实例"，该实例将作为参数 `commons` 被传递给你的函数。 + +## 类型注解 vs `Depends` + +注意，我们在上面的代码中编写了两次`CommonQueryParams`： + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +最后的 `CommonQueryParams`: + +```Python +... = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +...实际上是 **Fastapi** 用来知道依赖项是什么的。 + +FastAPI 将从依赖项中提取声明的参数，这才是 FastAPI 实际调用的。 + +--- + +在本例中，第一个 `CommonQueryParams` ： + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams ... +``` + +...对于 **FastAPI** 没有任何特殊的意义。FastAPI 不会使用它进行数据转换、验证等 (因为对于这，它使用 `= Depends(CommonQueryParams)`)。 + +你实际上可以只这样编写: + +```Python +commons = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +..就像: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + +但是声明类型是被鼓励的，因为那样你的编辑器就会知道将传递什么作为参数 `commons` ，然后它可以帮助你完成代码，类型检查，等等： + + + +## 快捷方式 + +但是您可以看到，我们在这里有一些代码重复了，编写了`CommonQueryParams`两次： + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +**FastAPI** 为这些情况提供了一个快捷方式，在这些情况下，依赖项 *明确地* 是一个类，**FastAPI** 将 "调用" 它来创建类本身的一个实例。 + +对于这些特定的情况，您可以跟随以下操作： + +不是写成这样： + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams) +``` + +...而是这样写: + +```Python +commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends() +``` + +您声明依赖项作为参数的类型，并使用 `Depends()` 作为该函数的参数的 "默认" 值(在 `=` 之后)，而在 `Depends()` 中没有任何参数，而不是在 `Depends(CommonQueryParams)` 编写完整的类。 + +同样的例子看起来像这样： + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.6+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004.py!} + ``` + +... **FastAPI** 会知道怎么处理。 + +!!! tip + 如果这看起来更加混乱而不是更加有帮助，那么请忽略它，你不*需要*它。 + + 这只是一个快捷方式。因为 **FastAPI** 关心的是帮助您减少代码重复。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md index e36e33c4f..61ea371e5 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md @@ -23,15 +23,15 @@ !!! tip "提示" 有些编辑器会检查代码中没使用过的函数参数，并显示错误提示。 - + 在*路径操作装饰器*中使用 `dependencies` 参数，可以确保在执行依赖项的同时，避免编辑器显示错误提示。 - + 使用路径装饰器依赖项还可以避免开发新人误会代码中包含无用的未使用参数。 !!! info "说明" 本例中，使用的是自定义响应头 `X-Key` 和 `X-Token`。 - + 但实际开发中，尤其是在实现安全措施时，最好使用 FastAPI 内置的[安全工具](../security/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}（详见下一章）。 ## 依赖项错误和返回值 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e24b9409f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md @@ -0,0 +1,253 @@ +# 使用yield的依赖项 + +FastAPI支持在完成后执行一些额外步骤的依赖项. + +为此，请使用 `yield` 而不是 `return`，然后再编写额外的步骤（代码）。 + +!!! 提示 + 确保只使用一次 `yield` 。 + +!!! 注意 "技术细节" + + 任何一个可以与以下内容一起使用的函数： + + * `@contextlib.contextmanager` 或者 + * `@contextlib.asynccontextmanager` + + 都可以作为 **FastAPI** 的依赖项。 + + 实际上，FastAPI内部就使用了这两个装饰器。 + + +## 使用 `yield` 的数据库依赖项 + +例如，您可以使用这种方式创建一个数据库会话，并在完成后关闭它。 + +在发送响应之前，只会执行 `yield` 语句及之前的代码： + +```Python hl_lines="2-4" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +生成的值会注入到*路径操作*和其他依赖项中： + +```Python hl_lines="4" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +"yield"语句后面的代码会在发送响应后执行：： + +```Python hl_lines="5-6" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007.py!} +``` + +!!! 提示 + + 您可以使用 `async` 或普通函数。 + + **FastAPI** 会像处理普通依赖关系一样，对每个依赖关系做正确的处理。 + +## 同时包含了 `yield` 和 `try` 的依赖项 + +如果在带有 `yield` 的依赖关系中使用 `try` 代码块，就会收到使用依赖关系时抛出的任何异常。 + +例如，如果中间某个代码在另一个依赖中或在*路径操作*中使数据库事务 "回滚 "或产生任何其他错误，您就会在依赖中收到异常。 + +因此，你可以使用 `except SomeException` 在依赖关系中查找特定的异常。 + +同样，您也可以使用 `finally` 来确保退出步骤得到执行，无论是否存在异常。 + +```Python hl_lines="3 5" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007.py!} +``` +## 使用`yield`的子依赖项 + +你可以拥有任意大小和形状的子依赖和子依赖的“树”，而且它们中的任何一个或所有的都可以使用`yield`。 + +**FastAPI** 会确保每个带有`yield`的依赖中的“退出代码”按正确顺序运行。 + +例如，`dependency_c` 可以依赖于 `dependency_b`，而 `dependency_b` 则依赖于 `dependency_a`。 + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="6 14 22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="5 13 21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 如果可能，请尽量使用“ Annotated”版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="4 12 20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008.py!} + ``` + +所有这些依赖都可以使用`yield`。 + +在这种情况下，`dependency_c` 在执行其退出代码时需要`dependency_b`（此处称为 `dep_b`）的值仍然可用。 + +而`dependency_b` 反过来则需要`dependency_a`（此处称为 `dep_a`）的值在其退出代码中可用。 + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18-19 26-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17-18 25-26" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 如果可能，请尽量使用“ Annotated”版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="16-17 24-25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008.py!} + ``` + +同样，你可以有混合了`yield`和`return`的依赖。 + +你也可以有一个单一的依赖需要多个其他带有`yield`的依赖，等等。 + +你可以拥有任何你想要的依赖组合。 + +**FastAPI** 将确保按正确的顺序运行所有内容。 + +!!! note "技术细节" + + 这是由 Python 的上下文管理器完成的。 + + **FastAPI** 在内部使用它们来实现这一点。 + + +## 使用 `yield` 和 `HTTPException` 的依赖项 + +您看到可以使用带有 `yield` 的依赖项，并且具有捕获异常的 `try` 块。 + +在 `yield` 后抛出 `HTTPException` 或类似的异常是很诱人的，但是**这不起作用**。 + +带有`yield`的依赖中的退出代码在响应发送之后执行，因此[异常处理程序](../handling-errors.md#install-custom-exception-handlers){.internal-link target=_blank}已经运行过。没有任何东西可以捕获退出代码（在`yield`之后）中的依赖抛出的异常。 + +所以，如果在`yield`之后抛出`HTTPException`，默认（或任何自定义）异常处理程序捕获`HTTPException`并返回HTTP 400响应的机制将不再能够捕获该异常。 + +这就是允许在依赖中设置的任何东西（例如数据库会话(DB session)）可以被后台任务使用的原因。 + +后台任务在响应发送之后运行。因此，无法触发`HTTPException`，因为甚至没有办法更改*已发送*的响应。 + +但如果后台任务产生了数据库错误，至少你可以在带有`yield`的依赖中回滚或清理关闭会话，并且可能记录错误或将其报告给远程跟踪系统。 + +如果你知道某些代码可能会引发异常，那就做最“Pythonic”的事情，就是在代码的那部分添加一个`try`块。 + +如果你有自定义异常，希望在返回响应之前处理，并且可能修改响应甚至触发`HTTPException`，可以创建[自定义异常处理程序](../handling-errors.md#install-custom-exception-handlers){.internal-link target=_blank}。 + +!!! tip + + 在`yield`之前仍然可以引发包括`HTTPException`在内的异常，但在`yield`之后则不行。 + +执行的顺序大致如下图所示。时间从上到下流动。每列都是相互交互或执行代码的其中一部分。 + +```mermaid +sequenceDiagram + +participant client as Client +participant handler as Exception handler +participant dep as Dep with yield +participant operation as Path Operation +participant tasks as Background tasks + + Note over client,tasks: Can raise exception for dependency, handled after response is sent + Note over client,operation: Can raise HTTPException and can change the response + client ->> dep: Start request + Note over dep: Run code up to yield + opt raise + dep -->> handler: Raise HTTPException + handler -->> client: HTTP error response + dep -->> dep: Raise other exception + end + dep ->> operation: Run dependency, e.g. DB session + opt raise + operation -->> dep: Raise HTTPException + dep -->> handler: Auto forward exception + handler -->> client: HTTP error response + operation -->> dep: Raise other exception + dep -->> handler: Auto forward exception + end + operation ->> client: Return response to client + Note over client,operation: Response is already sent, can't change it anymore + opt Tasks + operation -->> tasks: Send background tasks + end + opt Raise other exception + tasks -->> dep: Raise other exception + end + Note over dep: After yield + opt Handle other exception + dep -->> dep: Handle exception, can't change response. E.g. close DB session. + end +``` + +!!! info + 只会向客户端发送**一次响应**，可能是一个错误响应之一，也可能是来自*路径操作*的响应。 + + 在发送了其中一个响应之后，就无法再发送其他响应了。 + +!!! tip + 这个图表展示了`HTTPException`，但你也可以引发任何其他你创建了[自定义异常处理程序](../handling-errors.md#install-custom-exception-handlers){.internal-link target=_blank}的异常。 + + 如果你引发任何异常，它将传递给带有`yield`的依赖，包括`HTTPException`，然后**再次**传递给异常处理程序。如果没有针对该异常的异常处理程序，那么它将被默认的内部`ServerErrorMiddleware`处理，返回500 HTTP状态码，告知客户端服务器发生了错误。 + +## 上下文管理器 + +### 什么是“上下文管理器” + +“上下文管理器”是您可以在`with`语句中使用的任何Python对象。 + +例如，您可以使用`with`读取文件： + +```Python +with open("./somefile.txt") as f: + contents = f.read() + print(contents) +``` + +在底层，`open("./somefile.txt")`创建了一个被称为“上下文管理器”的对象。 + +当`with`块结束时，它会确保关闭文件，即使发生了异常也是如此。 + +当你使用`yield`创建一个依赖项时，**FastAPI**会在内部将其转换为上下文管理器，并与其他相关工具结合使用。 + +### 在依赖项中使用带有`yield`的上下文管理器 + +!!! warning + 这是一个更为“高级”的想法。 + + 如果您刚开始使用**FastAPI**，您可能暂时可以跳过它。 + +在Python中，你可以通过创建一个带有`__enter__()`和`__exit__()`方法的类来创建上下文管理器。 + +你也可以在**FastAPI**的依赖项中使用带有`yield`的`with`或`async with`语句，通过在依赖函数内部使用它们。 + +```Python hl_lines="1-9 13" +{!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial010.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 另一种创建上下文管理器的方法是： + + * `@contextlib.contextmanager`或者 + * `@contextlib.asynccontextmanager` + + 使用上下文管理器装饰一个只有单个`yield`的函数。这就是**FastAPI**在内部用于带有`yield`的依赖项的方式。 + + 但是你不需要为FastAPI的依赖项使用这些装饰器（而且也不应该）。FastAPI会在内部为你处理这些。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies.md index 5c367ff09..3f7afa32c 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies.md @@ -15,4 +15,3 @@ ## 为一组路径操作定义依赖项 稍后，[大型应用 - 多文件](../../tutorial/bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank}一章中会介绍如何使用多个文件创建大型应用程序，在这一章中，您将了解到如何为一组*路径操作*声明单个 `dependencies` 参数。 - diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/index.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/index.md index 82e9f536d..7a133061d 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/index.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/index.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# 依赖项 - 第一步 +# 依赖项 FastAPI 提供了简单易用，但功能强大的**依赖注入**系统。 @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ FastAPI 提供了简单易用，但功能强大的** read_users !!! check "检查" 注意，无需创建专门的类，并将之传递给 **FastAPI** 以进行「注册」或执行类似的操作。 - + 只要把它传递给 `Depends`，**FastAPI** 就知道该如何执行后续操作。 ## 要不要使用 `async`？ @@ -209,4 +209,4 @@ paying_user --> pro_items 在声明需求时，所有这些依赖项还会把参数、验证等功能添加至路径操作。 -**FastAPI** 负责把上述内容全部添加到 OpenAPI 概图，并显示在交互文档中。 \ No newline at end of file +**FastAPI** 负责把上述内容全部添加到 OpenAPI 概图，并显示在交互文档中。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md index 76d3e9f44..58377bbfe 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md @@ -37,14 +37,14 @@ FastAPI 支持创建含**子依赖项**的依赖项。 接下来，就可以使用依赖项： -```Python hl_lines="21" +```Python hl_lines="22" {!../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005.py!} ``` !!! info "信息" 注意，这里在*路径操作函数*中只声明了一个依赖项，即 `query_or_cookie_extractor` 。 - + 但 **FastAPI** 必须先处理 `query_extractor`，以便在调用 `query_or_cookie_extractor` 时使用 `query_extractor` 返回的结果。 ```mermaid @@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ async def needy_dependency(fresh_value: str = Depends(get_value, use_cache=False !!! tip "提示" 这些简单的例子现在看上去虽然没有什么实用价值， - + 但在**安全**一章中，您会了解到这些例子的用途， - - 以及这些例子所能节省的代码量。 \ No newline at end of file + + 以及这些例子所能节省的代码量。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/encoder.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/encoder.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..859ebc2e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/encoder.md @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +# JSON 兼容编码器 + +在某些情况下，您可能需要将数据类型（如Pydantic模型）转换为与JSON兼容的数据类型（如`dict`、`list`等）。 + +比如，如果您需要将其存储在数据库中。 + +对于这种要求， **FastAPI**提供了`jsonable_encoder()`函数。 + +## 使用`jsonable_encoder` + +让我们假设你有一个数据库名为`fake_db`，它只能接收与JSON兼容的数据。 + +例如，它不接收`datetime`这类的对象，因为这些对象与JSON不兼容。 + +因此，`datetime`对象必须将转换为包含ISO格式化的`str`类型对象。 + +同样，这个数据库也不会接收Pydantic模型（带有属性的对象），而只接收`dict`。 + +对此你可以使用`jsonable_encoder`。 + +它接收一个对象，比如Pydantic模型，并会返回一个JSON兼容的版本： + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="5 22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/encoder/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +在这个例子中，它将Pydantic模型转换为`dict`，并将`datetime`转换为`str`。 + +调用它的结果后就可以使用Python标准编码中的`json.dumps()`。 + +这个操作不会返回一个包含JSON格式（作为字符串）数据的庞大的`str`。它将返回一个Python标准数据结构（例如`dict`），其值和子值都与JSON兼容。 + +!!! note + `jsonable_encoder`实际上是FastAPI内部用来转换数据的。但是它在许多其他场景中也很有用。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md index 191b4e2b6..f4a77050c 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/extra-data-types.md @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ 下面是一些你可以使用的其他数据类型: * `UUID`: - * 一种标准的 "通用唯一标识符" ，在许多数据库和系统中用作ID。 + * 一种标准的 "通用唯一标识符" ，在许多数据库和系统中用作ID。 * 在请求和响应中将以 `str` 表示。 * `datetime.datetime`: * 一个 Python `datetime.datetime`. @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ * `datetime.timedelta`: * 一个 Python `datetime.timedelta`. * 在请求和响应中将表示为 `float` 代表总秒数。 - * Pydantic 也允许将其表示为 "ISO 8601 时间差异编码", 查看文档了解更多信息。 + * Pydantic 也允许将其表示为 "ISO 8601 时间差异编码", 查看文档了解更多信息。 * `frozenset`: * 在请求和响应中，作为 `set` 对待： * 在请求中，列表将被读取，消除重复，并将其转换为一个 `set`。 @@ -44,23 +44,87 @@ * 产生的模式将指定那些 `set` 的值是唯一的 (使用 JSON 模式的 `uniqueItems`)。 * `bytes`: * 标准的 Python `bytes`。 - * 在请求和相应中被当作 `str` 处理。 + * 在请求和响应中被当作 `str` 处理。 * 生成的模式将指定这个 `str` 是 `binary` "格式"。 * `Decimal`: * 标准的 Python `Decimal`。 - * 在请求和相应中被当做 `float` 一样处理。 + * 在请求和响应中被当做 `float` 一样处理。 * 您可以在这里检查所有有效的pydantic数据类型: Pydantic data types. ## 例子 下面是一个*路径操作*的示例，其中的参数使用了上面的一些类型。 -```Python hl_lines="1 3 12-16" -{!../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 3 12-16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 3 12-16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 3 13-17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="1 2 11-15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="1 2 12-16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!} + ``` 注意，函数内的参数有原生的数据类型，你可以，例如，执行正常的日期操作，如: -```Python hl_lines="18-19" -{!../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18-19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18-19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="19-20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="17-18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="18-19" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py!} + ``` diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md index 1fbe77be8..06427a73d 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/extra-models.md @@ -17,9 +17,17 @@ 下面是应该如何根据它们的密码字段以及使用位置去定义模型的大概思路： -```Python hl_lines="9 11 16 22 24 29-30 33-35 40-41" -{!../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7 9 14 20 22 27-28 31-33 38-39" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 11 16 22 24 29-30 33-35 40-41" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001.py!} + ``` ### 关于 `**user_in.dict()` @@ -150,9 +158,17 @@ UserInDB( 这样，我们可以仅声明模型之间的差异部分（具有明文的 `password`、具有 `hashed_password` 以及不包括密码）。 -```Python hl_lines="9 15-16 19-20 23-24" -{!../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7 13-14 17-18 21-22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 15-16 19-20 23-24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002.py!} + ``` ## `Union` 或者 `anyOf` @@ -166,9 +182,17 @@ UserInDB( !!! note 定义一个 `Union` 类型时，首先包括最详细的类型，然后是不太详细的类型。在下面的示例中，更详细的 `PlaneItem` 位于 `Union[PlaneItem，CarItem]` 中的 `CarItem` 之前。 -```Python hl_lines="1 14-15 18-20 33" -{!../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 14-15 18-20 33" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 14-15 18-20 33" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003.py!} + ``` ## 模型列表 @@ -176,9 +200,17 @@ UserInDB( 为此，请使用标准的 Python `typing.List`： -```Python hl_lines="1 20" -{!../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial004.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial004_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial004.py!} + ``` ## 任意 `dict` 构成的响应 @@ -188,9 +220,17 @@ UserInDB( 在这种情况下，你可以使用 `typing.Dict`： -```Python hl_lines="1 8" -{!../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial005.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="6" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial005_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial005.py!} + ``` ## 总结 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md index ab63a8650..30fae99cf 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/first-steps.md @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ $ uvicorn main:app --reload * `main`：`main.py` 文件（一个 Python「模块」）。 * `app`：在 `main.py` 文件中通过 `app = FastAPI()` 创建的对象。 * `--reload`：让服务器在更新代码后重新启动。仅在开发时使用该选项。 - + 在输出中，会有一行信息像下面这样： diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md index 1126b7add..a0d66e557 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/handling-errors.md @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ ``` -访问 `/items/foo`，可以看到以下内容替换了默认 JSON 错误信息： +访问 `/items/foo`，可以看到默认的 JSON 错误信息： ```JSON { @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ ``` -以下是文本格式的错误信息： +被替换为了以下文本格式的错误信息： ``` 1 validation error @@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ path -> item_id 如果您觉得现在还用不到以下技术细节，可以先跳过下面的内容。 -`RequestValidationError` 是 Pydantic 的 `ValidationError` 的子类。 +`RequestValidationError` 是 Pydantic 的 `ValidationError` 的子类。 **FastAPI** 调用的就是 `RequestValidationError` 类，因此，如果在 `response_model` 中使用 Pydantic 模型，且数据有错误时，在日志中就会看到这个错误。 @@ -286,4 +286,4 @@ FastAPI 支持先对异常进行某些处理，然后再使用 **FastAPI** 中 虽然，本例只是输出了夸大其词的错误信息。 -但也足以说明，可以在处理异常之后再复用默认的异常处理器。 \ No newline at end of file +但也足以说明，可以在处理异常之后再复用默认的异常处理器。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/header-params.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/header-params.md index c4b1c38ce..2701167b3 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/header-params.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/header-params.md @@ -6,9 +6,41 @@ 首先导入 `Header`: -```Python hl_lines="3" -{!../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` ## 声明 `Header` 参数 @@ -16,9 +48,41 @@ 第一个值是默认值，你可以传递所有的额外验证或注释参数： -```Python hl_lines="9" -{!../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py!} + ``` !!! note "技术细节" `Header` 是 `Path`, `Query` 和 `Cookie` 的兄弟类型。它也继承自通用的 `Param` 类. @@ -44,9 +108,41 @@ 如果出于某些原因，你需要禁用下划线到连字符的自动转换，设置`Header`的参数 `convert_underscores` 为 `False`: -```Python hl_lines="10" -{!../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial002.py!} + ``` !!! warning 在设置 `convert_underscores` 为 `False` 之前，请记住，一些HTTP代理和服务器不允许使用带有下划线的headers。 @@ -62,9 +158,50 @@ 比如, 为了声明一个 `X-Token` header 可以出现多次，你可以这样写： -```Python hl_lines="9" -{!../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial003.py!} + ``` 如果你与*路径操作*通信时发送两个HTTP headers，就像： diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/index.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/index.md index 36495ec0b..6180d3de3 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/index.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/index.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# 教程 - 用户指南 - 简介 +# 教程 - 用户指南 本教程将一步步向你展示如何使用 **FastAPI** 的绝大部分特性。 @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ $ uvicorn main:app --reload
```console -$ pip install fastapi[all] +$ pip install "fastapi[all]" ---> 100% ``` @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ $ pip install fastapi[all] 并且安装`uvicorn`来作为服务器： ``` - pip install uvicorn[standard] + pip install "uvicorn[standard]" ``` 然后对你想使用的每个可选依赖项也执行相同的操作。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f79b0e692 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +# 路径操作配置 + +*路径操作装饰器*支持多种配置参数。 + +!!! warning "警告" + + 注意：以下参数应直接传递给**路径操作装饰器**，不能传递给*路径操作函数*。 + +## `status_code` 状态码 + +`status_code` 用于定义*路径操作*响应中的 HTTP 状态码。 + +可以直接传递 `int` 代码， 比如 `404`。 + +如果记不住数字码的涵义，也可以用 `status` 的快捷常量： + +```Python hl_lines="3 17" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +状态码在响应中使用，并会被添加到 OpenAPI 概图。 + +!!! note "技术细节" + + 也可以使用 `from starlette import status` 导入状态码。 + + **FastAPI** 的`fastapi.status` 和 `starlette.status` 一样，只是快捷方式。实际上，`fastapi.status` 直接继承自 Starlette。 + +## `tags` 参数 + +`tags` 参数的值是由 `str` 组成的 `list` （一般只有一个 `str` ），`tags` 用于为*路径操作*添加标签： + +```Python hl_lines="17 22 27" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002.py!} +``` + +OpenAPI 概图会自动添加标签，供 API 文档接口使用： + + + +## `summary` 和 `description` 参数 + +路径装饰器还支持 `summary` 和 `description` 这两个参数： + +```Python hl_lines="20-21" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003.py!} +``` + +## 文档字符串（`docstring`） + +描述内容比较长且占用多行时，可以在函数的 docstring 中声明*路径操作*的描述，**FastAPI** 支持从文档字符串中读取描述内容。 + +文档字符串支持 Markdown，能正确解析和显示 Markdown 的内容，但要注意文档字符串的缩进。 + +```Python hl_lines="19-27" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004.py!} +``` + +下图为 Markdown 文本在 API 文档中的显示效果： + + + +## 响应描述 + +`response_description` 参数用于定义响应的描述说明： + +```Python hl_lines="21" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005.py!} +``` + +!!! info "说明" + + 注意，`response_description` 只用于描述响应，`description` 一般则用于描述*路径操作*。 + +!!! check "检查" + + OpenAPI 规定每个*路径操作*都要有响应描述。 + + 如果没有定义响应描述，**FastAPI** 则自动生成内容为 "Successful response" 的响应描述。 + + + +## 弃用*路径操作* + +`deprecated` 参数可以把*路径操作*标记为弃用，无需直接删除： + +```Python hl_lines="16" +{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial006.py!} +``` + +API 文档会把该路径操作标记为弃用： + + + +下图显示了正常*路径操作*与弃用*路径操作* 的区别： + + + +## 小结 + +通过传递参数给*路径操作装饰器* ，即可轻松地配置*路径操作*、添加元数据。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md index d6c5efa03..9b41ad7cf 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md @@ -6,9 +6,41 @@ 首先，从 `fastapi` 导入 `Path`： -```Python hl_lines="1" -{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3-4" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="1" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="3" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!} + ``` ## 声明元数据 @@ -16,13 +48,45 @@ 例如，要声明路径参数 `item_id`的 `title` 元数据值，你可以输入： -```Python hl_lines="8" -{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="8" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="10" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py!} + ``` !!! note 路径参数总是必需的，因为它必须是路径的一部分。 - + 所以，你应该在声明时使用 `...` 将其标记为必需参数。 然而，即使你使用 `None` 声明路径参数或设置一个其他默认值也不会有任何影响，它依然会是必需参数。 @@ -43,9 +107,14 @@ 因此，你可以将函数声明为： -```Python hl_lines="8" -{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.8 non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002.py!} + ``` ## 按需对参数排序的技巧 @@ -55,7 +124,7 @@ Python 不会对该 `*` 做任何事情，但是它将知道之后的所有参数都应作为关键字参数（键值对），也被称为 kwargs，来调用。即使它们没有默认值。 -```Python hl_lines="8" +```Python hl_lines="7" {!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003.py!} ``` diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md index 2a1d41a89..39253eb0d 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md @@ -4,9 +4,17 @@ 让我们以下面的应用程序为例： -```Python hl_lines="7" -{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py!} + ``` 查询参数 `q` 的类型为 `str`，默认值为 `None`，因此它是可选的。 @@ -26,16 +34,16 @@ 现在，将 `Query` 用作查询参数的默认值，并将它的 `max_length` 参数设置为 50： -```Python hl_lines="7" +```Python hl_lines="9" {!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py!} ``` -由于我们必须用 `Query(None)` 替换默认值 `None`，`Query` 的第一个参数同样也是用于定义默认值。 +由于我们必须用 `Query(default=None)` 替换默认值 `None`，`Query` 的第一个参数同样也是用于定义默认值。 所以： ```Python -q: str = Query(None) +q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None) ``` ...使得参数可选，等同于： @@ -49,7 +57,7 @@ q: str = None 然后，我们可以将更多的参数传递给 `Query`。在本例中，适用于字符串的 `max_length` 参数： ```Python -q: str = Query(None, max_length=50) +q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, max_length=50) ``` 将会校验数据，在数据无效时展示清晰的错误信息，并在 OpenAPI 模式的*路径操作*中记录该参​​数。 @@ -58,7 +66,7 @@ q: str = Query(None, max_length=50) 你还可以添加 `min_length` 参数： -```Python hl_lines="7" +```Python hl_lines="10" {!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003.py!} ``` @@ -66,7 +74,7 @@ q: str = Query(None, max_length=50) 你可以定义一个参数值必须匹配的正则表达式： -```Python hl_lines="8" +```Python hl_lines="11" {!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004.py!} ``` @@ -104,26 +112,60 @@ q: str 代替： ```Python -q: str = None +q: Union[str, None] = None ``` 但是现在我们正在用 `Query` 声明它，例如： ```Python -q: str = Query(None, min_length=3) +q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, min_length=3) ``` -因此，当你在使用 `Query` 且需要声明一个值是必需的时，可以将 `...` 用作第一个参数值： +因此，当你在使用 `Query` 且需要声明一个值是必需的时，只需不声明默认参数： ```Python hl_lines="7" {!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006.py!} ``` +### 使用省略号(`...`)声明必需参数 + +有另一种方法可以显式的声明一个值是必需的，即将默认参数的默认值设为 `...` ： + +```Python hl_lines="7" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b.py!} +``` + !!! info 如果你之前没见过 `...` 这种用法：它是一个特殊的单独值，它是 Python 的一部分并且被称为「省略号」。 + Pydantic 和 FastAPI 使用它来显式的声明需要一个值。 这将使 **FastAPI** 知道此查询参数是必需的。 +### 使用`None`声明必需参数 + +你可以声明一个参数可以接收`None`值，但它仍然是必需的。这将强制客户端发送一个值，即使该值是`None`。 + +为此，你可以声明`None`是一个有效的类型，并仍然使用`default=...`： + +```Python hl_lines="9" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + Pydantic 是 FastAPI 中所有数据验证和序列化的核心，当你在没有设默认值的情况下使用 `Optional` 或 `Union[Something, None]` 时，它具有特殊行为，你可以在 Pydantic 文档中阅读有关必需可选字段的更多信息。 + +### 使用Pydantic中的`Required`代替省略号(`...`) + +如果你觉得使用 `...` 不舒服，你也可以从 Pydantic 导入并使用 `Required`： + +```Python hl_lines="2 8" +{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 请记住，在大多数情况下，当你需要某些东西时，可以简单地省略 `default` 参数，因此你通常不必使用 `...` 或 `Required` + + ## 查询参数列表 / 多个值 当你使用 `Query` 显式地定义查询参数时，你还可以声明它去接收一组值，或换句话来说，接收多个值。 @@ -211,13 +253,13 @@ http://localhost:8000/items/ 你可以添加 `title`： -```Python hl_lines="7" +```Python hl_lines="10" {!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007.py!} ``` 以及 `description`： -```Python hl_lines="11" +```Python hl_lines="13" {!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008.py!} ``` @@ -239,7 +281,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?item-query=foobaritems 这时你可以用 `alias` 参数声明一个别名，该别名将用于在 URL 中查找查询参数值： -```Python hl_lines="7" +```Python hl_lines="9" {!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009.py!} ``` @@ -251,7 +293,7 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?item-query=foobaritems 那么将参数 `deprecated=True` 传入 `Query`： -```Python hl_lines="16" +```Python hl_lines="18" {!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010.py!} ``` diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-files.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-files.md index 26ece0d90..2c48f33ca 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-files.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-files.md @@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ !!! info "说明" 因为上传文件以「表单数据」形式发送。 - + 所以接收上传文件，要预先安装 `python-multipart`。 - + 例如： `pip install python-multipart`。 ## 导入 `File` @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ !!! info "说明" `File` 是直接继承自 `Form` 的类。 - + 注意，从 `fastapi` 导入的 `Query`、`Path`、`File` 等项，实际上是返回特定类的函数。 !!! tip "提示" @@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ 不过，很多情况下，`UploadFile` 更好用。 -## 含 `UploadFile` 的 `File` 参数 +## 含 `UploadFile` 的文件参数 -定义 `File` 参数时使用 `UploadFile`： +定义文件参数时使用 `UploadFile`： ```Python hl_lines="12" {!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py!} @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ contents = myfile.file.read() !!! note "`async` 技术细节" - 使用 `async` 方法时，**FastAPI** 在线程池中执行文件方法，并 `awiat` 操作完成。 + 使用 `async` 方法时，**FastAPI** 在线程池中执行文件方法，并 `await` 操作完成。 !!! note "Starlette 技术细节" @@ -109,17 +109,41 @@ contents = myfile.file.read() !!! note "技术细节" 不包含文件时，表单数据一般用 `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`「媒体类型」编码。 - + 但表单包含文件时，编码为 `multipart/form-data`。使用了 `File`，**FastAPI** 就知道要从请求体的正确位置获取文件。 - + 编码和表单字段详见 MDN Web 文档的 POST 小节。 !!! warning "警告" 可在一个*路径操作*中声明多个 `File` 和 `Form` 参数，但不能同时声明要接收 JSON 的 `Body` 字段。因为此时请求体的编码是 `multipart/form-data`，不是 `application/json`。 - + 这不是 **FastAPI** 的问题，而是 HTTP 协议的规定。 +## 可选文件上传 + +您可以通过使用标准类型注解并将 None 作为默认值的方式将一个文件参数设为可选: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7 14" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 17" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02.py!} + ``` + +## 带有额外元数据的 `UploadFile` + +您也可以将 `File()` 与 `UploadFile` 一起使用，例如，设置额外的元数据: + +```Python hl_lines="13" +{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03.py!} +``` + ## 多文件上传 FastAPI 支持同时上传多个文件。 @@ -128,26 +152,43 @@ FastAPI 支持同时上传多个文件。 上传多个文件时，要声明含 `bytes` 或 `UploadFile` 的列表（`List`）： -```Python hl_lines="10 15" -{!../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="8 13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="10 15" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial002.py!} + ``` 接收的也是含 `bytes` 或 `UploadFile` 的列表（`list`）。 -!!! note "笔记" - - 注意，截至 2019 年 4 月 14 日，Swagger UI 不支持在同一个表单字段中上传多个文件。详见 #4276 和 #3641. - - 不过，**FastAPI** 已通过 OpenAPI 标准与之兼容。 - - 因此，只要 Swagger UI 或任何其他支持 OpenAPI 的工具支持多文件上传，都将与 **FastAPI** 兼容。 !!! note "技术细节" 也可以使用 `from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse`。 - + `fastapi.responses` 其实与 `starlette.responses` 相同，只是为了方便开发者调用。实际上，大多数 **FastAPI** 的响应都直接从 Starlette 调用。 +### 带有额外元数据的多文件上传 + +和之前的方式一样, 您可以为 `File()` 设置额外参数, 即使是 `UploadFile`: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/request_files/tutorial003.py!} + ``` + ## 小结 -本节介绍了如何用 `File` 把上传文件声明为（表单数据的）输入参数。 \ No newline at end of file +本节介绍了如何用 `File` 把上传文件声明为（表单数据的）输入参数。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md index a27ba93d5..70cd70f98 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ FastAPI 支持同时使用 `File` 和 `Form` 定义文件和表单字段。 !!! info "说明" 接收上传文件或表单数据，要预先安装 `python-multipart`。 - + 例如，`pip install python-multipart`。 ## 导入 `File` 与 `Form` @@ -29,10 +29,9 @@ FastAPI 支持同时使用 `File` 和 `Form` 定义文件和表单字段。 !!! warning "警告" 可在一个*路径操作*中声明多个 `File` 与 `Form` 参数，但不能同时声明要接收 JSON 的 `Body` 字段。因为此时请求体的编码为 `multipart/form-data`，不是 `application/json`。 - + 这不是 **FastAPI** 的问题，而是 HTTP 协议的规定。 ## 小结 在同一个请求中接收数据和文件时，应同时使用 `File` 和 `Form`。 - diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md index 0840c9274..6436ffbcd 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/request-forms.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ !!! info "说明" 要使用表单，需预先安装 `python-multipart`。 - + 例如，`pip install python-multipart`。 ## 导入 `Form` @@ -47,17 +47,17 @@ !!! note "技术细节" 表单数据的「媒体类型」编码一般为 `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`。 - + 但包含文件的表单编码为 `multipart/form-data`。文件处理详见下节。 - + 编码和表单字段详见 MDN Web 文档的 POST小节。 !!! warning "警告" 可在一个*路径操作*中声明多个 `Form` 参数，但不能同时声明要接收 JSON 的 `Body` 字段。因为此时请求体的编码是 `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`，不是 `application/json`。 - + 这不是 **FastAPI** 的问题，而是 HTTP 协议的规定。 ## 小结 -本节介绍了如何使用 `Form` 声明表单数据输入参数。 \ No newline at end of file +本节介绍了如何使用 `Form` 声明表单数据输入参数。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/response-model.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/response-model.md index 59a7c17d5..e731b6989 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/response-model.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/response-model.md @@ -8,9 +8,23 @@ * `@app.delete()` * 等等。 -```Python hl_lines="17" -{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17 22 24-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17 22 24-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="17 22 24-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial001.py!} + ``` !!! note 注意，`response_model`是「装饰器」方法（`get`，`post` 等）的一个参数。不像之前的所有参数和请求体，它不属于*路径操作函数*。 @@ -58,21 +72,45 @@ FastAPI 将使用此 `response_model` 来： 相反，我们可以创建一个有明文密码的输入模型和一个没有明文密码的输出模型： -```Python hl_lines="9 11 16" -{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 11 16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9 11 16" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!} + ``` 这样，即便我们的*路径操作函数*将会返回包含密码的相同输入用户： -```Python hl_lines="24" -{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="24" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!} + ``` ...我们已经将 `response_model` 声明为了不包含密码的 `UserOut` 模型： -```Python hl_lines="22" -{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!} + ``` 因此，**FastAPI** 将会负责过滤掉未在输出模型中声明的所有数据（使用 Pydantic）。 @@ -94,7 +132,7 @@ FastAPI 将使用此 `response_model` 来： {!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py!} ``` -* `description: Optional[str] = None` 具有默认值 `None`。 +* `description: Union[str, None] = None` 具有默认值 `None`。 * `tax: float = 10.5` 具有默认值 `10.5`. * `tags: List[str] = []` 具有一个空列表作为默认值： `[]`. diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md index 42f8a7ce3..ebc04da8b 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/schema-extra-example.md @@ -10,9 +10,17 @@ 您可以使用 `Config` 和 `schema_extra` 为Pydantic模型声明一个示例，如Pydantic 文档：定制 Schema 中所述: -```Python hl_lines="15-23" -{!../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="13-21" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="15-23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001.py!} + ``` 这些额外的信息将按原样添加到输出的JSON模式中。 @@ -20,9 +28,17 @@ 在 `Field`, `Path`, `Query`, `Body` 和其他你之后将会看到的工厂函数，你可以为JSON 模式声明额外信息，你也可以通过给工厂函数传递其他的任意参数来给JSON 模式声明额外信息，比如增加 `example`: -```Python hl_lines="4 10-13" -{!../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="2 8-11" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="4 10-13" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002.py!} + ``` !!! warning 请记住，传递的那些额外参数不会添加任何验证，只会添加注释，用于文档的目的。 @@ -31,11 +47,43 @@ 你可以通过传递额外信息给 `Field` 同样的方式操作`Path`, `Query`, `Body`等。 -比如，你可以将请求体的一个 `example` 传递给 `Body`: +比如，你可以将请求体的一个 `example` 传递给 `Body`: -```Python hl_lines="21-26" -{!../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003.py!} -``` +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="22-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_an_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="22-27" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="23-28" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="18-23" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_py310.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python hl_lines="20-25" + {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003.py!} + ``` ## 文档 UI 中的例子 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dda956417 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/first-steps.md @@ -0,0 +1,206 @@ +# 安全 - 第一步 + +假设**后端** API 在某个域。 + +**前端**在另一个域，或（移动应用中）在同一个域的不同路径下。 + +并且，前端要使用后端的 **username** 与 **password** 验证用户身份。 + +固然，**FastAPI** 支持 **OAuth2** 身份验证。 + +但为了节省开发者的时间，不要只为了查找很少的内容，不得不阅读冗长的规范文档。 + +我们建议使用 **FastAPI** 的安全工具。 + +## 概览 + +首先，看看下面的代码是怎么运行的，然后再回过头来了解其背后的原理。 + +## 创建 `main.py` + +把下面的示例代码复制到 `main.py`： + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001_an_py39.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001_an.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + 尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。 + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} + ``` + +## 运行 + +!!! info "说明" + + 先安装 `python-multipart`。 + + 安装命令： `pip install python-multipart`。 + + 这是因为 **OAuth2** 使用**表单数据**发送 `username` 与 `password`。 + +用下面的命令运行该示例： + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +## 查看文档 + +打开 API 文档： http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs。 + +界面如下图所示： + + + +!!! check "Authorize 按钮！" + + 页面右上角出现了一个「**Authorize**」按钮。 + + *路径操作*的右上角也出现了一个可以点击的小锁图标。 + +点击 **Authorize** 按钮，弹出授权表单，输入 `username` 与 `password` 及其它可选字段： + + + +!!! note "笔记" + + 目前，在表单中输入内容不会有任何反应，后文会介绍相关内容。 + +虽然此文档不是给前端最终用户使用的，但这个自动工具非常实用，可在文档中与所有 API 交互。 + +前端团队（可能就是开发者本人）可以使用本工具。 + +第三方应用与系统也可以调用本工具。 + +开发者也可以用它来调试、检查、测试应用。 + +## 密码流 + +现在，我们回过头来介绍这段代码的原理。 + +`Password` **流**是 OAuth2 定义的，用于处理安全与身份验证的方式（**流**）。 + +OAuth2 的设计目标是为了让后端或 API 独立于服务器验证用户身份。 + +但在本例中，**FastAPI** 应用会处理 API 与身份验证。 + +下面，我们来看一下简化的运行流程： + +- 用户在前端输入 `username` 与`password`，并点击**回车** +- （用户浏览器中运行的）前端把 `username` 与`password` 发送至 API 中指定的 URL（使用 `tokenUrl="token"` 声明） +- API 检查 `username` 与`password`，并用令牌（`Token`） 响应（暂未实现此功能）： + - 令牌只是用于验证用户的字符串 + - 一般来说，令牌会在一段时间后过期 + - 过时后，用户要再次登录 + - 这样一来，就算令牌被人窃取，风险也较低。因为它与永久密钥不同，**在绝大多数情况下**不会长期有效 +- 前端临时将令牌存储在某个位置 +- 用户点击前端，前往前端应用的其它部件 +- 前端需要从 API 中提取更多数据： + - 为指定的端点（Endpoint）进行身份验证 + - 因此，用 API 验证身份时，要发送值为 `Bearer` + 令牌的请求头 `Authorization` + - 假如令牌为 `foobar`，`Authorization` 请求头就是： `Bearer foobar` + +## **FastAPI** 的 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` + +**FastAPI** 提供了不同抽象级别的安全工具。 + +本例使用 **OAuth2** 的 **Password** 流以及 **Bearer** 令牌（`Token`）。为此要使用 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 类。 + +!!! info "说明" + + `Bearer` 令牌不是唯一的选择。 + + 但它是最适合这个用例的方案。 + + 甚至可以说，它是适用于绝大多数用例的最佳方案，除非您是 OAuth2 的专家，知道为什么其它方案更合适。 + + 本例中，**FastAPI** 还提供了构建工具。 + +创建 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 的类实例时，要传递 `tokenUrl` 参数。该参数包含客户端（用户浏览器中运行的前端） 的 URL，用于发送 `username` 与 `password`，并获取令牌。 + +```Python hl_lines="6" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! tip "提示" + + 在此，`tokenUrl="token"` 指向的是暂未创建的相对 URL `token`。这个相对 URL 相当于 `./token`。 + + 因为使用的是相对 URL，如果 API 位于 `https://example.com/`，则指向 `https://example.com/token`。但如果 API 位于 `https://example.com/api/v1/`，它指向的就是`https://example.com/api/v1/token`。 + + 使用相对 URL 非常重要，可以确保应用在遇到[使用代理](../../advanced/behind-a-proxy.md){.internal-link target=_blank}这样的高级用例时，也能正常运行。 + +该参数不会创建端点或*路径操作*，但会声明客户端用来获取令牌的 URL `/token` 。此信息用于 OpenAPI 及 API 文档。 + +接下来，学习如何创建实际的路径操作。 + +!!! info "说明" + + 严苛的 **Pythonista** 可能不喜欢用 `tokenUrl` 这种命名风格代替 `token_url`。 + + 这种命名方式是因为要使用与 OpenAPI 规范中相同的名字。以便在深入校验安全方案时，能通过复制粘贴查找更多相关信息。 + +`oauth2_scheme` 变量是 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 的实例，也是**可调用项**。 + +以如下方式调用： + +```Python +oauth2_scheme(some, parameters) +``` + +因此，`Depends` 可以调用 `oauth2_scheme` 变量。 + +### 使用 + +接下来，使用 `Depends` 把 `oauth2_scheme` 传入依赖项。 + +```Python hl_lines="10" +{!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +该依赖项使用字符串（`str`）接收*路径操作函数*的参数 `token` 。 + +**FastAPI** 使用依赖项在 OpenAPI 概图（及 API 文档）中定义**安全方案**。 + +!!! info "技术细节" + + **FastAPI** 使用（在依赖项中声明的）类 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 在 OpenAPI 中定义安全方案，这是因为它继承自 `fastapi.security.oauth2.OAuth2`，而该类又是继承自`fastapi.security.base.SecurityBase`。 + + 所有与 OpenAPI（及 API 文档）集成的安全工具都继承自 `SecurityBase`， 这就是为什么 **FastAPI** 能把它们集成至 OpenAPI 的原因。 + +## 实现的操作 + +FastAPI 校验请求中的 `Authorization` 请求头，核对请求头的值是不是由 `Bearer ` ＋ 令牌组成， 并返回令牌字符串（`str`）。 + +如果没有找到 `Authorization` 请求头，或请求头的值不是 `Bearer ` ＋ 令牌。FastAPI 直接返回 401 错误状态码（`UNAUTHORIZED`）。 + +开发者不需要检查错误信息，查看令牌是否存在，只要该函数能够执行，函数中就会包含令牌字符串。 + +正如下图所示，API 文档已经包含了这项功能： + + + +目前，暂时还没有实现验证令牌是否有效的功能，不过后文很快就会介绍的。 + +## 小结 + +看到了吧，只要多写三四行代码，就可以添加基础的安全表单。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/index.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/index.md index 94f94cd44..0595f5f63 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/index.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/index.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# 安全性简介 +# 安全性 有许多方法可以处理安全性、身份认证和授权等问题。 @@ -98,4 +98,4 @@ FastAPI 在 `fastapi.security` 模块中为每个安全方案提供了几种工 在下一章中，你将看到如何使用 **FastAPI** 所提供的这些工具为你的 API 增加安全性。 -而且你还将看到它如何自动地被集成到交互式文档系统中。 \ No newline at end of file +而且你还将看到它如何自动地被集成到交互式文档系统中。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md index d11895110..33a4d7fc7 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md @@ -1,34 +1,34 @@ -# 使用（哈希）密码和 JWT Bearer 令牌的 OAuth2 +# OAuth2 实现密码哈希与 Bearer JWT 令牌验证 -既然我们已经有了所有的安全流程，就让我们来使用 JWT 令牌和安全哈希密码让应用程序真正地安全吧。 +至此，我们已经编写了所有安全流，本章学习如何使用 JWT 令牌（Token）和安全密码哈希（Hash）实现真正的安全机制。 -你可以在应用程序中真正地使用这些代码，在数据库中保存密码哈希值，等等。 +本章的示例代码真正实现了在应用的数据库中保存哈希密码等功能。 -我们将从上一章结束的位置开始，然后对示例进行扩充。 +接下来，我们紧接上一章，继续完善安全机制。 -## 关于 JWT +## JWT 简介 -JWT 表示 「JSON Web Tokens」。 +JWT 即**JSON 网络令牌**（JSON Web Tokens）。 -它是一个将 JSON 对象编码为密集且没有空格的长字符串的标准。字符串看起来像这样： +JWT 是一种将 JSON 对象编码为没有空格，且难以理解的长字符串的标准。JWT 的内容如下所示： ``` eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiaWF0IjoxNTE2MjM5MDIyfQ.SflKxwRJSMeKKF2QT4fwpMeJf36POk6yJV_adQssw5c ``` -它没有被加密，因此任何人都可以从字符串内容中还原数据。 +JWT 字符串没有加密，任何人都能用它恢复原始信息。 -但它经过了签名。因此，当你收到一个由你发出的令牌时，可以校验令牌是否真的由你发出。 +但 JWT 使用了签名机制。接受令牌时，可以用签名校验令牌。 -通过这种方式，你可以创建一个有效期为 1 周的令牌。然后当用户第二天使用令牌重新访问时，你知道该用户仍然处于登入状态。 +使用 JWT 创建有效期为一周的令牌。第二天，用户持令牌再次访问时，仍为登录状态。 -一周后令牌将会过期，用户将不会通过认证，必须再次登录才能获得一个新令牌。而且如果用户（或第三方）试图修改令牌以篡改过期时间，你将因为签名不匹配而能够发觉。 +令牌于一周后过期，届时，用户身份验证就会失败。只有再次登录，才能获得新的令牌。如果用户（或第三方）篡改令牌的过期时间，因为签名不匹配会导致身份验证失败。 -如果你想上手体验 JWT 令牌并了解其工作方式，可访问 https://jwt.io。 +如需深入了解 JWT 令牌，了解它的工作方式，请参阅 https://jwt.io。 ## 安装 `python-jose` -我们需要安装 `python-jose` 以在 Python 中生成和校验 JWT 令牌： +安装 `python-jose`，在 Python 中生成和校验 JWT 令牌：
@@ -40,38 +40,39 @@ $ pip install python-jose[cryptography]
-Python-jose 需要一个额外的加密后端。 +Python-jose 需要安装配套的加密后端。 -这里我们使用的是推荐的后端：pyca/cryptography。 +本教程推荐的后端是：pyca/cryptography。 -!!! tip - 本教程曾经使用过 PyJWT。 +!!! tip "提示" - 但是后来更新为使用 Python-jose，因为它提供了 PyJWT 的所有功能，以及之后与其他工具进行集成时你可能需要的一些其他功能。 + 本教程以前使用 PyJWT。 -## 哈希密码 + 但后来换成了 Python-jose，因为 Python-jose 支持 PyJWT 的所有功能，还支持与其它工具集成时可能会用到的一些其它功能。 -「哈希」的意思是：将某些内容（在本例中为密码）转换为看起来像乱码的字节序列（只是一个字符串）。 +## 密码哈希 -每次你传入完全相同的内容（完全相同的密码）时，你都会得到完全相同的乱码。 +**哈希**是指把特定内容（本例中为密码）转换为乱码形式的字节序列（其实就是字符串）。 -但是你不能从乱码转换回密码。 +每次传入完全相同的内容时（比如，完全相同的密码），返回的都是完全相同的乱码。 -### 为什么使用哈希密码 +但这个乱码无法转换回传入的密码。 -如果你的数据库被盗，小偷将无法获得用户的明文密码，只能拿到哈希值。 +### 为什么使用密码哈希 -因此，小偷将无法尝试在另一个系统中使用这些相同的密码（由于许多用户在任何地方都使用相同的密码，因此这很危险）。 +原因很简单，假如数据库被盗，窃贼无法获取用户的明文密码，得到的只是哈希值。 + +这样一来，窃贼就无法在其它应用中使用窃取的密码，要知道，很多用户在所有系统中都使用相同的密码，风险超大）。 ## 安装 `passlib` -PassLib 是一个用于处理哈希密码的很棒的 Python 包。 +Passlib 是处理密码哈希的 Python 包。 -它支持许多安全哈希算法以及配合算法使用的实用程序。 +它支持很多安全哈希算法及配套工具。 -推荐的算法是 「Bcrypt」。 +本教程推荐的算法是 **Bcrypt**。 -因此，安装附带 Bcrypt 的 PassLib： +因此，请先安装附带 Bcrypt 的 PassLib：
@@ -83,46 +84,49 @@ $ pip install passlib[bcrypt]
-!!! tip - 使用 `passlib`，你甚至可以将其配置为能够读取 Django，Flask 的安全扩展或许多其他工具创建的密码。 +!!! tip "提示" - 因此，你将能够，举个例子，将数据库中来自 Django 应用的数据共享给一个 FastAPI 应用。或者使用同一数据库但逐渐将应用从 Django 迁移到 FastAPI。 + `passlib` 甚至可以读取 Django、Flask 的安全插件等工具创建的密码。 - 而你的用户将能够同时从 Django 应用或 FastAPI 应用登录。 + 例如，把 Django 应用的数据共享给 FastAPI 应用的数据库。或利用同一个数据库，可以逐步把应用从 Django 迁移到 FastAPI。 -## 哈希并校验密码 + 并且，用户可以同时从 Django 应用或 FastAPI 应用登录。 -从 `passlib` 导入我们需要的工具。 +## 密码哈希与校验 -创建一个 PassLib 「上下文」。这将用于哈希和校验密码。 +从 `passlib` 导入所需工具。 -!!! tip - PassLib 上下文还具有使用不同哈希算法的功能，包括仅允许用于校验的已弃用的旧算法等。 +创建用于密码哈希和身份校验的 PassLib **上下文**。 - 例如，你可以使用它来读取和校验由另一个系统（例如Django）生成的密码，但是使用其他算法例如 Bcrypt 生成新的密码哈希值。 +!!! tip "提示" - 并同时兼容所有的这些功能。 + PassLib 上下文还支持使用不同哈希算法的功能，包括只能校验的已弃用旧算法等。 -创建一个工具函数以哈希来自用户的密码。 + 例如，用它读取和校验其它系统（如 Django）生成的密码，但要使用其它算法，如 Bcrypt，生成新的哈希密码。 -然后创建另一个工具函数，用于校验接收的密码是否与存储的哈希值匹配。 + 同时，这些功能都是兼容的。 -再创建另一个工具函数用于认证并返回用户。 +接下来，创建三个工具函数，其中一个函数用于哈希用户的密码。 + +第一个函数用于校验接收的密码是否匹配存储的哈希值。 + +第三个函数用于身份验证，并返回用户。 ```Python hl_lines="7 48 55-56 59-60 69-75" {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!} ``` -!!! note - 如果你查看新的（伪）数据库 `fake_users_db`，你将看到哈希后的密码现在的样子：`"$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW"`。 +!!! note "笔记" + + 查看新的（伪）数据库 `fake_users_db`，就能看到哈希后的密码：`"$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW"`。 ## 处理 JWT 令牌 导入已安装的模块。 -创建一个随机密钥，该密钥将用于对 JWT 令牌进行签名。 +创建用于 JWT 令牌签名的随机密钥。 -要生成一个安全的随机密钥，可使用以下命令： +使用以下命令，生成安全的随机密钥：
@@ -134,15 +138,15 @@ $ openssl rand -hex 32
-然后将输出复制到变量 「SECRET_KEY」 中（不要使用示例中的这个）。 +然后，把生成的密钥复制到变量**SECRET_KEY**，注意，不要使用本例所示的密钥。 -创建用于设定 JWT 令牌签名算法的变量 「ALGORITHM」，并将其设置为 `"HS256"`。 +创建指定 JWT 令牌签名算法的变量 **ALGORITHM**，本例中的值为 `"HS256"`。 -创建一个设置令牌过期时间的变量。 +创建设置令牌过期时间的变量。 -定义一个将在令牌端点中用于响应的 Pydantic 模型。 +定义令牌端点响应的 Pydantic 模型。 -创建一个生成新的访问令牌的工具函数。 +创建生成新的访问令牌的工具函数。 ```Python hl_lines="6 12-14 28-30 78-86" {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!} @@ -150,11 +154,11 @@ $ openssl rand -hex 32 ## 更新依赖项 -更新 `get_current_user` 以接收与之前相同的令牌，但这次使用的是 JWT 令牌。 +更新 `get_current_user` 以接收与之前相同的令牌，但这里用的是 JWT 令牌。 -解码接收到的令牌，对其进行校验，然后返回当前用户。 +解码并校验接收到的令牌，然后，返回当前用户。 -如果令牌无效，立即返回一个 HTTP 错误。 +如果令牌无效，则直接返回 HTTP 错误。 ```Python hl_lines="89-106" {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!} @@ -162,57 +166,57 @@ $ openssl rand -hex 32 ## 更新 `/token` *路径操作* -使用令牌的过期时间创建一个 `timedelta` 对象。 +用令牌过期时间创建 `timedelta` 对象。 -创建一个真实的 JWT 访问令牌并返回它。 +创建并返回真正的 JWT 访问令牌。 -```Python hl_lines="115-128" +```Python hl_lines="115-130" {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial004.py!} ``` -### 关于 JWT 「主题」 `sub` 的技术细节 +### JWT `sub` 的技术细节 -JWT 的规范中提到有一个 `sub` 键，值为该令牌的主题。 +JWT 规范还包括 `sub` 键，值是令牌的主题。 -使用它并不是必须的，但这是你放置用户标识的地方，所以我们在示例中使用了它。 +该键是可选的，但要把用户标识放在这个键里，所以本例使用了该键。 -除了识别用户并允许他们直接在你的 API 上执行操作之外，JWT 还可以用于其他事情。 +除了识别用户与许可用户在 API 上直接执行操作之外，JWT 还可能用于其它事情。 -例如，你可以识别一个 「汽车」 或 「博客文章」。 +例如，识别**汽车**或**博客**。 -然后你可以添加关于该实体的权限，比如「驾驶」（汽车）或「编辑」（博客）。 +接着，为实体添加权限，比如**驾驶**（汽车）或**编辑**（博客）。 -然后，你可以将 JWT 令牌交给用户（或机器人），他们可以使用它来执行这些操作（驾驶汽车，或编辑博客文章），甚至不需要有一个账户，只需使用你的 API 为其生成的 JWT 令牌。 +然后，把 JWT 令牌交给用户（或机器人），他们就可以执行驾驶汽车，或编辑博客等操作。无需注册账户，只要有 API 生成的 JWT 令牌就可以。 -使用这样的思路，JWT 可以用于更复杂的场景。 +同理，JWT 可以用于更复杂的场景。 -在这些情况下，几个实体可能有相同的 ID，比如说 `foo`（一个用户 `foo`，一辆车 `foo`，一篇博客文章 `foo`）。 +在这些情况下，多个实体的 ID 可能是相同的，以 ID `foo` 为例，用户的 ID 是 `foo`，车的 ID 是 `foo`，博客的 ID 也是 `foo`。 -因此，为了避免 ID 冲突，当为用户创建 JWT 令牌时，你可以在 `sub` 键的值前加上前缀，例如 `username:`。所以，在这个例子中，`sub` 的值可以是：`username:johndoe`。 +为了避免 ID 冲突，在给用户创建 JWT 令牌时，可以为 `sub` 键的值加上前缀，例如 `username:`。因此，在本例中，`sub` 的值可以是：`username:johndoe`。 -要记住的重点是，`sub` 键在整个应用程序中应该有一个唯一的标识符，而且应该是一个字符串。 +注意，划重点，`sub` 键在整个应用中应该只有一个唯一的标识符，而且应该是字符串。 -## 检查效果 +## 检查 运行服务器并访问文档： http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs。 -你会看到如下用户界面： +可以看到如下用户界面： -像以前一样对应用程序进行认证。 +用与上一章同样的方式实现应用授权。 使用如下凭证： -用户名: `johndoe` -密码: `secret` +用户名: `johndoe` 密码: `secret` -!!! check - 请注意，代码中没有任何地方记录了明文密码 「`secret`」，我们只保存了其哈希值。 +!!! check "检查" + + 注意，代码中没有明文密码**`secret`**，只保存了它的哈希值。 -访问 `/users/me/` 端点，你将获得如下响应： +调用 `/users/me/` 端点，收到下面的响应： ```JSON { @@ -225,42 +229,42 @@ JWT 的规范中提到有一个 `sub` 键，值为该令牌的主题。 -如果你打开开发者工具，将看到数据是如何发送的并且其中仅包含了令牌，只有在第一个请求中发送了密码以校验用户身份并获取该访问令牌，但之后都不会再发送密码： +打开浏览器的开发者工具，查看数据是怎么发送的，而且数据里只包含了令牌，只有验证用户的第一个请求才发送密码，并获取访问令牌，但之后不会再发送密码： -!!! note - 注意请求中的 `Authorization` 首部，其值以 `Bearer` 开头。 +!!! note "笔记" -## 使用 `scopes` 的进阶用法 + 注意，请求中 `Authorization` 响应头的值以 `Bearer` 开头。 -OAuth2 具有「作用域」的概念。 +## `scopes` 高级用法 -你可以使用它们向 JWT 令牌添加一组特定的权限。 +OAuth2 支持**`scopes`**（作用域）。 -然后，你可以将此令牌直接提供给用户或第三方，使其在一些限制下与你的 API 进行交互。 +**`scopes`**为 JWT 令牌添加指定权限。 -你可以在之后的**进阶用户指南**中了解如何使用它们以及如何将它们集成到 **FastAPI** 中。 +让持有令牌的用户或第三方在指定限制条件下与 API 交互。 -## 总结 +**高级用户指南**中将介绍如何使用 `scopes`，及如何把 `scopes` 集成至 **FastAPI**。 -通过目前你所看到的，你可以使用像 OAuth2 和 JWT 这样的标准来构建一个安全的 **FastAPI** 应用程序。 +## 小结 -在几乎所有的框架中，处理安全性问题都很容易成为一个相当复杂的话题。 +至此，您可以使用 OAuth2 和 JWT 等标准配置安全的 **FastAPI** 应用。 -许多高度简化了安全流程的软件包不得不在数据模型、数据库和可用功能上做出很多妥协。而这些过于简化流程的软件包中，有些其实隐含了安全漏洞。 +几乎在所有框架中，处理安全问题很快都会变得非常复杂。 + +有些包为了简化安全流，不得不在数据模型、数据库和功能上做出妥协。而有些过于简化的软件包其实存在了安全隐患。 --- -**FastAPI** 不对任何数据库、数据模型或工具做任何妥协。 +**FastAPI** 不向任何数据库、数据模型或工具做妥协。 -它给了你所有的灵活性来选择最适合你项目的前者。 +开发者可以灵活选择最适合项目的安全机制。 -你可以直接使用许多维护良好且使用广泛的包，如 `passlib` 和 `python-jose`，因为 **FastAPI** 不需要任何复杂的机制来集成外部包。 +还可以直接使用 `passlib` 和 `python-jose` 等维护良好、使用广泛的包，这是因为 **FastAPI** 不需要任何复杂机制，就能集成外部的包。 -但它为你提供了一些工具，在不影响灵活性、健壮性和安全性的前提下，尽可能地简化这个过程。 +而且，**FastAPI** 还提供了一些工具，在不影响灵活、稳定和安全的前提下，尽可能地简化安全机制。 -而且你可以用相对简单的方式使用和实现安全、标准的协议，比如 OAuth2。 - -你可以在**进阶用户指南**中了解更多关于如何使用 OAuth2 「作用域」的信息，以实现更精细的权限系统，并同样遵循这些标准。带有作用域的 OAuth2 是很多大的认证提供商使用的机制，比如 Facebook、Google、GitHub、微软、Twitter 等，授权第三方应用代表用户与他们的 API 进行交互。 +**FastAPI** 还支持以相对简单的方式，使用 OAuth2 等安全、标准的协议。 +**高级用户指南**中详细介绍了 OAuth2**`scopes`**的内容，遵循同样的标准，实现更精密的权限系统。OAuth2 的作用域是脸书、谷歌、GitHub、微软、推特等第三方身份验证应用使用的机制，让用户授权第三方应用与 API 交互。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2.md index 276f3d63b..c7f46177f 100644 --- a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2.md +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2.md @@ -1,94 +1,98 @@ -# 使用密码和 Bearer 的简单 OAuth2 +# OAuth2 实现简单的 Password 和 Bearer 验证 -现在让我们接着上一章继续开发，并添加缺少的部分以实现一个完整的安全性流程。 +本章添加上一章示例中欠缺的部分，实现完整的安全流。 ## 获取 `username` 和 `password` -我们将使用 **FastAPI** 的安全性实用工具来获取 `username` 和 `password`。 +首先，使用 **FastAPI** 安全工具获取 `username` 和 `password`。 -OAuth2 规定在使用（我们打算用的）「password 流程」时，客户端/用户必须将 `username` 和 `password` 字段作为表单数据发送。 +OAuth2 规范要求使用**密码流**时，客户端或用户必须以表单数据形式发送 `username` 和 `password` 字段。 -而且规范明确了字段必须这样命名。因此 `user-name` 或 `email` 是行不通的。 +并且，这两个字段必须命名为 `username` 和 `password` ，不能使用 `user-name` 或 `email` 等其它名称。 -不过不用担心，你可以在前端按照你的想法将它展示给最终用户。 +不过也不用担心，前端仍可以显示终端用户所需的名称。 -而且你的数据库模型也可以使用你想用的任何其他名称。 +数据库模型也可以使用所需的名称。 -但是对于登录*路径操作*，我们需要使用这些名称来与规范兼容（以具备例如使用集成的 API 文档系统的能力）。 +但对于登录*路径操作*，则要使用兼容规范的 `username` 和 `password`，（例如，实现与 API 文档集成）。 -规范还写明了 `username` 和 `password` 必须作为表单数据发送（因此，此处不能使用 JSON）。 +该规范要求必须以表单数据形式发送 `username` 和 `password`，因此，不能使用 JSON 对象。 -### `scope` +### `Scope`（作用域） -规范还提到客户端可以发送另一个表单字段「`scope`」。 +OAuth2 还支持客户端发送**`scope`**表单字段。 -这个表单字段的名称为 `scope`（单数形式），但实际上它是一个由空格分隔的「作用域」组成的长字符串。 +虽然表单字段的名称是 `scope`（单数），但实际上，它是以空格分隔的，由多个**scope**组成的长字符串。 -每个「作用域」只是一个字符串（中间没有空格）。 +**作用域**只是不带空格的字符串。 -它们通常用于声明特定的安全权限，例如： +常用于声明指定安全权限，例如： -* `users:read` 或者 `users:write` 是常见的例子。 -* Facebook / Instagram 使用 `instagram_basic`。 -* Google 使用了 `https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive` 。 +* 常见用例为，`users:read` 或 `users:write` +* 脸书和 Instagram 使用 `instagram_basic` +* 谷歌使用 `https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive` -!!! info - 在 OAuth2 中「作用域」只是一个声明所需特定权限的字符串。 +!!! info "说明" - 它有没有 `:` 这样的其他字符或者是不是 URL 都没有关系。 + OAuth2 中，**作用域**只是声明指定权限的字符串。 - 这些细节是具体的实现。 + 是否使用冒号 `:` 等符号，或是不是 URL 并不重要。 - 对 OAuth2 来说它们就只是字符串而已。 + 这些细节只是特定的实现方式。 + + 对 OAuth2 来说，都只是字符串而已。 ## 获取 `username` 和 `password` 的代码 -现在，让我们使用 **FastAPI** 提供的实用工具来处理此问题。 +接下来，使用 **FastAPI** 工具获取用户名与密码。 ### `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` -首先，导入 `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm`，然后在 `token` 的*路径操作*中通过 `Depends` 将其作为依赖项使用。 +首先，导入 `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm`，然后，在 `/token` *路径操作* 中，用 `Depends` 把该类作为依赖项。 ```Python hl_lines="4 76" {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!} ``` -`OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` 是一个类依赖项，声明了如下的请求表单： +`OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` 是用以下几项内容声明表单请求体的类依赖项： -* `username`。 -* `password`。 -* 一个可选的 `scope` 字段，是一个由空格分隔的字符串组成的大字符串。 -* 一个可选的 `grant_type`. +* `username` +* `password` +* 可选的 `scope` 字段，由多个空格分隔的字符串组成的长字符串 +* 可选的 `grant_type` -!!! tip - OAuth2 规范实际上*要求* `grant_type` 字段使用一个固定的值 `password`，但是 `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` 没有作强制约束。 +!!! tip "提示" - 如果你需要强制要求这一点，请使用 `OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict` 而不是 `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm`。 + 实际上，OAuth2 规范*要求* `grant_type` 字段使用固定值 `password`，但 `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` 没有作强制约束。 -* 一个可选的 `client_id`（我们的示例不需要它）。 -* 一个可选的 `client_secret`（我们的示例不需要它）。 + 如需强制使用固定值 `password`，则不要用 `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm`，而是用 `OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict`。 -!!! info - `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` 并不像 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 一样是 FastAPI 的一个特殊的类。 +* 可选的 `client_id`（本例未使用） +* 可选的 `client_secret`（本例未使用） - `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 使得 **FastAPI** 明白它是一个安全方案。所以它得以通过这种方式添加到 OpenAPI 中。 +!!! info "说明" - 但 `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` 只是一个你可以自己编写的类依赖项，或者你也可以直接声明 `Form` 参数。 + `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` 与 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 一样，都不是 FastAPI 的特殊类。 - 但是由于这是一种常见的使用场景，因此 FastAPI 出于简便直接提供了它。 + **FastAPI** 把 `OAuth2PasswordBearer` 识别为安全方案。因此，可以通过这种方式把它添加至 OpenAPI。 + + 但 `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` 只是可以自行编写的类依赖项，也可以直接声明 `Form` 参数。 + + 但由于这种用例很常见，FastAPI 为了简便，就直接提供了对它的支持。 ### 使用表单数据 -!!! tip - 类依赖项 `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` 的实例不会有用空格分隔的长字符串属性 `scope`，而是具有一个 `scopes` 属性，该属性将包含实际被发送的每个作用域字符串组成的列表。 +!!! tip "提示" - 在此示例中我们没有使用 `scopes`，但如果你需要的话可以使用该功能。 + `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` 类依赖项的实例没有以空格分隔的长字符串属性 `scope`，但它支持 `scopes` 属性，由已发送的 scope 字符串列表组成。 -现在，使用表单字段中的 `username` 从（伪）数据库中获取用户数据。 + 本例没有使用 `scopes`，但开发者也可以根据需要使用该属性。 -如果没有这个用户，我们将返回一个错误消息，提示「用户名或密码错误」。 +现在，即可使用表单字段 `username`，从（伪）数据库中获取用户数据。 -对于这个错误，我们使用 `HTTPException` 异常： +如果不存在指定用户，则返回错误消息，提示**用户名或密码错误**。 + +本例使用 `HTTPException` 异常显示此错误： ```Python hl_lines="3 77-79" {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!} @@ -96,27 +100,27 @@ OAuth2 规定在使用（我们打算用的）「password 流程」时，客户 ### 校验密码 -目前我们已经从数据库中获取了用户数据，但尚未校验密码。 +至此，我们已经从数据库中获取了用户数据，但尚未校验密码。 -让我们首先将这些数据放入 Pydantic `UserInDB` 模型中。 +接下来，首先将数据放入 Pydantic 的 `UserInDB` 模型。 -永远不要保存明文密码，因此，我们将使用（伪）哈希密码系统。 +注意：永远不要保存明文密码，本例暂时先使用（伪）哈希密码系统。 -如果密码不匹配，我们将返回同一个错误。 +如果密码不匹配，则返回与上面相同的错误。 -#### 哈希密码 +#### 密码哈希 -「哈希」的意思是：将某些内容（在本例中为密码）转换为看起来像乱码的字节序列（只是一个字符串）。 +**哈希**是指，将指定内容（本例中为密码）转换为形似乱码的字节序列（其实就是字符串）。 -每次你传入完全相同的内容（完全相同的密码）时，你都会得到完全相同的乱码。 +每次传入完全相同的内容（比如，完全相同的密码）时，得到的都是完全相同的乱码。 -但是你不能从乱码转换回密码。 +但这个乱码无法转换回传入的密码。 -##### 为什么使用哈希密码 +##### 为什么使用密码哈希 -如果你的数据库被盗，小偷将无法获得用户的明文密码，只有哈希值。 +原因很简单，假如数据库被盗，窃贼无法获取用户的明文密码，得到的只是哈希值。 -因此，小偷将无法尝试在另一个系统中使用这些相同的密码（由于许多用户在任何地方都使用相同的密码，因此这很危险）。 +这样一来，窃贼就无法在其它应用中使用窃取的密码，要知道，很多用户在所有系统中都使用相同的密码，风险超大。 ```Python hl_lines="80-83" {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!} @@ -124,9 +128,9 @@ OAuth2 规定在使用（我们打算用的）「password 流程」时，客户 #### 关于 `**user_dict` -`UserInDB(**user_dict)` 表示： +`UserInDB(**user_dict)` 是指： -*直接将 `user_dict` 的键和值作为关键字参数传递，等同于：* +*直接把 `user_dict` 的键与值当作关键字参数传递，等效于：* ```Python UserInDB( @@ -138,75 +142,79 @@ UserInDB( ) ``` -!!! info - 有关 `user_dict` 的更完整说明，请参阅[**额外的模型**文档](../extra-models.md#about-user_indict){.internal-link target=_blank}。 +!!! info "说明" -## 返回令牌 + `user_dict` 的说明，详见[**更多模型**一章](../extra-models.md#about-user_indict){.internal-link target=_blank}。 -`token` 端点的响应必须是一个 JSON 对象。 +## 返回 Token -它应该有一个 `token_type`。在我们的例子中，由于我们使用的是「Bearer」令牌，因此令牌类型应为「`bearer`」。 +`token` 端点的响应必须是 JSON 对象。 -并且还应该有一个 `access_token` 字段，它是一个包含我们的访问令牌的字符串。 +响应返回的内容应该包含 `token_type`。本例中用的是**Bearer**Token，因此， Token 类型应为**`bearer`**。 -对于这个简单的示例，我们将极其不安全地返回相同的 `username` 作为令牌。 +返回内容还应包含 `access_token` 字段，它是包含权限 Token 的字符串。 -!!! tip - 在下一章中，你将看到一个真实的安全实现，使用了哈希密码和 JWT 令牌。 +本例只是简单的演示，返回的 Token 就是 `username`，但这种方式极不安全。 - 但现在，让我们仅关注我们需要的特定细节。 +!!! tip "提示" + + 下一章介绍使用哈希密码和 JWT Token 的真正安全机制。 + + 但现在，仅关注所需的特定细节。 ```Python hl_lines="85" {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!} ``` -!!! tip - 根据规范，你应该像本示例一样，返回一个带有 `access_token` 和 `token_type` 的 JSON。 +!!! tip "提示" - 这是你必须在代码中自行完成的工作，并且要确保使用了这些 JSON 字段。 + 按规范的要求，应像本示例一样，返回带有 `access_token` 和 `token_type` 的 JSON 对象。 - 这几乎是唯一的你需要自己记住并正确地执行以符合规范的事情。 + 这是开发者必须在代码中自行完成的工作，并且要确保使用这些 JSON 的键。 - 其余的，**FastAPI** 都会为你处理。 + 这几乎是唯一需要开发者牢记在心，并按规范要求正确执行的事。 + + **FastAPI** 则负责处理其它的工作。 ## 更新依赖项 -现在我们将更新我们的依赖项。 +接下来，更新依赖项。 -我们想要仅当此用户处于启用状态时才能获取 `current_user`。 +使之仅在当前用户为激活状态时，才能获取 `current_user`。 -因此，我们创建了一个额外的依赖项 `get_current_active_user`，而该依赖项又以 `get_current_user` 作为依赖项。 +为此，要再创建一个依赖项 `get_current_active_user`，此依赖项以 `get_current_user` 依赖项为基础。 -如果用户不存在或处于未启用状态，则这两个依赖项都将仅返回 HTTP 错误。 +如果用户不存在，或状态为未激活，这两个依赖项都会返回 HTTP 错误。 -因此，在我们的端点中，只有当用户存在，身份认证通过且处于启用状态时，我们才能获得该用户： +因此，在端点中，只有当用户存在、通过身份验证、且状态为激活时，才能获得该用户： ```Python hl_lines="58-67 69-72 90" {!../../../docs_src/security/tutorial003.py!} ``` -!!! info - 我们在此处返回的值为 `Bearer` 的额外响应头 `WWW-Authenticate` 也是规范的一部分。 +!!! info "说明" - 任何的 401「未认证」HTTP（错误）状态码都应该返回 `WWW-Authenticate` 响应头。 + 此处返回值为 `Bearer` 的响应头 `WWW-Authenticate` 也是规范的一部分。 - 对于 bearer 令牌（我们的例子），该响应头的值应为 `Bearer`。 + 任何 401**UNAUTHORIZED**HTTP（错误）状态码都应返回 `WWW-Authenticate` 响应头。 - 实际上你可以忽略这个额外的响应头，不会有什么问题。 + 本例中，因为使用的是 Bearer Token，该响应头的值应为 `Bearer`。 - 但此处提供了它以符合规范。 + 实际上，忽略这个附加响应头，也不会有什么问题。 - 而且，（现在或将来）可能会有工具期望得到并使用它，然后对你或你的用户有用处。 + 之所以在此提供这个附加响应头，是为了符合规范的要求。 - 这就是遵循标准的好处... + 说不定什么时候，就有工具用得上它，而且，开发者或用户也可能用得上。 + + 这就是遵循标准的好处…… ## 实际效果 -打开交互式文档：http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs。 +打开 API 文档：http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs。 -### 身份认证 +### 身份验证 -点击「Authorize」按钮。 +点击**Authorize**按钮。 使用以下凭证： @@ -216,15 +224,15 @@ UserInDB( -在系统中进行身份认证后，你将看到： +通过身份验证后，显示下图所示的内容： -### 获取本人的用户数据 +### 获取当前用户数据 -现在执行 `/users/me` 路径的 `GET` 操作。 +使用 `/users/me` 路径的 `GET` 操作。 -你将获得你的用户数据，如： +可以提取如下当前用户数据： ```JSON { @@ -238,7 +246,7 @@ UserInDB( -如果你点击锁定图标并注销，然后再次尝试同一操作，则会得到 HTTP 401 错误： +点击小锁图标，注销后，再执行同样的操作，则会得到 HTTP 401 错误： ```JSON { @@ -246,17 +254,17 @@ UserInDB( } ``` -### 未启用的用户 +### 未激活用户 -现在尝试使用未启用的用户，并通过以下方式进行身份认证： +测试未激活用户，输入以下信息，进行身份验证： 用户名：`alice` 密码：`secret2` -然后尝试执行 `/users/me` 路径的 `GET` 操作。 +然后，执行 `/users/me` 路径的 `GET` 操作。 -你将得到一个「未启用的用户」错误，如： +显示下列**未激活用户**错误信息： ```JSON { @@ -264,12 +272,12 @@ UserInDB( } ``` -## 总结 +## 小结 -现在你掌握了为你的 API 实现一个基于 `username` 和 `password` 的完整安全系统的工具。 +使用本章的工具实现基于 `username` 和 `password` 的完整 API 安全系统。 -使用这些工具，你可以使安全系统与任何数据库以及任何用户或数据模型兼容。 +这些工具让安全系统兼容任何数据库、用户及数据模型。 -唯一缺少的细节是它实际上还并不「安全」。 +唯一欠缺的是，它仍然不是真的**安全**。 -在下一章中，你将看到如何使用一个安全的哈希密码库和 JWT 令牌。 +下一章，介绍使用密码哈希支持库与 JWT 令牌实现真正的安全机制。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c49374971 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/sql-databases.md @@ -0,0 +1,784 @@ +# SQL (关系型) 数据库 + +**FastAPI**不需要你使用SQL(关系型)数据库。 + +但是您可以使用任何您想要的关系型数据库。 + +在这里，让我们看一个使用着[SQLAlchemy](https://www.sqlalchemy.org/)的示例。 + +您可以很容易地将SQLAlchemy支持任何数据库，像： + +* PostgreSQL +* MySQL +* SQLite +* Oracle +* Microsoft SQL Server，等等其它数据库 + +在此示例中，我们将使用**SQLite**，因为它使用单个文件并且 在Python中具有集成支持。因此，您可以复制此示例并按原样来运行它。 + +稍后，对于您的产品级别的应用程序，您可能会要使用像**PostgreSQL**这样的数据库服务器。 + +!!! tip + 这儿有一个**FastAPI**和**PostgreSQL**的官方项目生成器，全部基于**Docker**，包括前端和更多工具：https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql + +!!! note + 请注意，大部分代码是`SQLAlchemy`的标准代码，您可以用于任何框架。FastAPI特定的代码和往常一样少。 + +## ORMs（对象关系映射） + +**FastAPI**可与任何数据库在任何样式的库中一起与 数据库进行通信。 + +一种常见的模式是使用“ORM”：对象关系映射。 + +ORM 具有在代码和数据库表（“*关系型”）中的**对象**之间转换（“*映射*”）的工具。 + +使用 ORM，您通常会在 SQL 数据库中创建一个代表映射的类，该类的每个属性代表一个列，具有名称和类型。 + +例如，一个类`Pet`可以表示一个 SQL 表`pets`。 + +该类的每个*实例对象都代表数据库中的一行数据。* + +又例如，一个对象`orion_cat`（`Pet`的一个实例）可以有一个属性`orion_cat.type`, 对标数据库中的`type`列。并且该属性的值可以是其它，例如`"cat"`。 + +这些 ORM 还具有在表或实体之间建立关系的工具（比如创建多表关系）。 + +这样，您还可以拥有一个属性`orion_cat.owner`，它包含该宠物所有者的数据，这些数据取自另外一个表。 + +因此，`orion_cat.owner.name`可能是该宠物主人的姓名（来自表`owners`中的列`name`）。 + +它可能有一个像`"Arquilian"`(一种业务逻辑)。 + +当您尝试从您的宠物对象访问它时，ORM 将完成所有工作以从相应的表*所有者那里再获取信息。* + +常见的 ORM 例如：Django-ORM（Django 框架的一部分）、SQLAlchemy ORM（SQLAlchemy 的一部分，独立于框架）和 Peewee（独立于框架）等。 + +在这里，我们将看到如何使用**SQLAlchemy ORM**。 + +以类似的方式，您也可以使用任何其他 ORM。 + +!!! tip + 在文档中也有一篇使用 Peewee 的等效的文章。 + +## 文件结构 + +对于这些示例，假设您有一个名为的目录`my_super_project`，其中包含一个名为的子目录`sql_app`，其结构如下： + +``` +. +└── sql_app + ├── __init__.py + ├── crud.py + ├── database.py + ├── main.py + ├── models.py + └── schemas.py +``` + +该文件`__init__.py`只是一个空文件，但它告诉 Python 其中`sql_app`的所有模块（Python 文件）都是一个包。 + +现在让我们看看每个文件/模块的作用。 + +## 安装 SQLAlchemy + +先下载`SQLAlchemy`所需要的依赖： + +
+ +```console +$ pip install sqlalchemy + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +## 创建 SQLAlchemy 部件 + +让我们转到文件`sql_app/database.py`。 + +### 导入 SQLAlchemy 部件 + +```Python hl_lines="1-3" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +### 为 SQLAlchemy 定义数据库 URL地址 + +```Python hl_lines="5-6" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +在这个例子中，我们正在“连接”到一个 SQLite 数据库（用 SQLite 数据库打开一个文件）。 + +该文件将位于文件中的同一目录中`sql_app.db`。 + +这就是为什么最后一部分是`./sql_app.db`. + +如果您使用的是**PostgreSQL**数据库，则只需取消注释该行： + +```Python +SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "postgresql://user:password@postgresserver/db" +``` + +...并根据您的数据库数据和相关凭据（也适用于 MySQL、MariaDB 或任何其他）对其进行调整。 + +!!! tip + + 如果您想使用不同的数据库，这是就是您必须修改的地方。 + +### 创建 SQLAlchemy 引擎 + +第一步，创建一个 SQLAlchemy的“引擎”。 + +我们稍后会将这个`engine`在其他地方使用。 + +```Python hl_lines="8-10" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +#### 注意 + +参数: + +```Python +connect_args={"check_same_thread": False} +``` + +...仅用于`SQLite`，在其他数据库不需要它。 + +!!! info "技术细节" + + 默认情况下，SQLite 只允许一个线程与其通信，假设有多个线程的话，也只将处理一个独立的请求。 + + 这是为了防止意外地为不同的事物（不同的请求）共享相同的连接。 + + 但是在 FastAPI 中，普遍使用def函数，多个线程可以为同一个请求与数据库交互，所以我们需要使用`connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}`来让SQLite允许这样。 + + 此外，我们将确保每个请求都在依赖项中获得自己的数据库连接会话，因此不需要该默认机制。 + +### 创建一个`SessionLocal`类 + +每个实例`SessionLocal`都会是一个数据库会话。当然该类本身还不是数据库会话。 + +但是一旦我们创建了一个`SessionLocal`类的实例，这个实例将是实际的数据库会话。 + +我们命名它是`SessionLocal`为了将它与我们从 SQLAlchemy 导入的`Session`区别开来。 + +稍后我们将使用`Session`（从 SQLAlchemy 导入的那个）。 + +要创建`SessionLocal`类，请使用函数`sessionmaker`： + +```Python hl_lines="11" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +### 创建一个`Base`类 + +现在我们将使用`declarative_base()`返回一个类。 + +稍后我们将用这个类继承，来创建每个数据库模型或类（ORM 模型）： + +```Python hl_lines="13" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +## 创建数据库模型 + +现在让我们看看文件`sql_app/models.py`。 + +### 用`Base`类来创建 SQLAlchemy 模型 + +我们将使用我们之前创建的`Base`类来创建 SQLAlchemy 模型。 + +!!! tip + SQLAlchemy 使用的“**模型**”这个术语 来指代与数据库交互的这些类和实例。 + + 而 Pydantic 也使用“模型”这个术语 来指代不同的东西，即数据验证、转换以及文档类和实例。 + +从`database`（来自上面的`database.py`文件）导入`Base`。 + +创建从它继承的类。 + +这些类就是 SQLAlchemy 模型。 + +```Python hl_lines="4 7-8 18-19" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/models.py!} +``` + +这个`__tablename__`属性是用来告诉 SQLAlchemy 要在数据库中为每个模型使用的数据库表的名称。 + +### 创建模型属性/列 + +现在创建所有模型（类）属性。 + +这些属性中的每一个都代表其相应数据库表中的一列。 + +我们使用`Column`来表示 SQLAlchemy 中的默认值。 + +我们传递一个 SQLAlchemy “类型”，如`Integer`、`String`和`Boolean`，它定义了数据库中的类型，作为参数。 + +```Python hl_lines="1 10-13 21-24" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/models.py!} +``` + +### 创建关系 + +现在创建关系。 + +为此，我们使用SQLAlchemy ORM提供的`relationship`。 + +这将或多或少会成为一种“神奇”属性，其中表示该表与其他相关的表中的值。 + +```Python hl_lines="2 15 26" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/models.py!} +``` + +当访问 user 中的属性`items`时，如 中`my_user.items`，它将有一个`Item`SQLAlchemy 模型列表（来自`items`表），这些模型具有指向`users`表中此记录的外键。 + +当您访问`my_user.items`时，SQLAlchemy 实际上会从`items`表中的获取一批记录并在此处填充进去。 + +同样，当访问 Item中的属性`owner`时，它将包含表中的`User`SQLAlchemy 模型`users`。使用`owner_id`属性/列及其外键来了解要从`users`表中获取哪条记录。 + +## 创建 Pydantic 模型 + +现在让我们查看一下文件`sql_app/schemas.py`。 + +!!! tip + 为了避免 SQLAlchemy*模型*和 Pydantic*模型*之间的混淆，我们将有`models.py`（SQLAlchemy 模型的文件）和`schemas.py`（ Pydantic 模型的文件）。 + + 这些 Pydantic 模型或多或少地定义了一个“schema”（一个有效的数据形状）。 + + 因此，这将帮助我们在使用两者时避免混淆。 + +### 创建初始 Pydantic*模型*/模式 + +创建一个`ItemBase`和`UserBase`Pydantic*模型*（或者我们说“schema”）以及在创建或读取数据时具有共同的属性。 + +`ItemCreate`为 创建一个`UserCreate`继承自它们的所有属性（因此它们将具有相同的属性），以及创建所需的任何其他数据（属性）。 + +因此在创建时也应当有一个`password`属性。 + +但是为了安全起见，`password`不会出现在其他同类 Pydantic*模型*中，例如用户请求时不应该从 API 返回响应中包含它。 + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="1 4-6 9-10 21-22 25-26" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3 6-8 11-12 23-24 27-28" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="3 6-8 11-12 23-24 27-28" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py!} + ``` + +#### SQLAlchemy 风格和 Pydantic 风格 + +请注意，SQLAlchemy*模型*使用 `=`来定义属性，并将类型作为参数传递给`Column`，例如： + +```Python +name = Column(String) +``` + +虽然 Pydantic*模型*使用`:` 声明类型，但新的类型注释语法/类型提示是： + +```Python +name: str +``` + +请牢记这一点，这样您在使用`:`还是`=`时就不会感到困惑。 + +### 创建用于读取/返回的Pydantic*模型/模式* + +现在创建当从 API 返回数据时、将在读取数据时使用的Pydantic*模型（schemas）。* + +例如，在创建一个项目之前，我们不知道分配给它的 ID 是什么，但是在读取它时（从 API 返回时）我们已经知道它的 ID。 + +同样，当读取用户时，我们现在可以声明`items`，将包含属于该用户的项目。 + +不仅是这些项目的 ID，还有我们在 Pydantic*模型*中定义的用于读取项目的所有数据：`Item`. + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="13-15 29-32" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="15-17 31-34" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="15-17 31-34" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py!} + ``` + +!!! tip + 请注意，读取用户（从 API 返回）时将使用不包括`password`的`User` Pydantic*模型*。 + +### 使用 Pydantic 的`orm_mode` + +现在，在用于查询的 Pydantic*模型*`Item`中`User`，添加一个内部`Config`类。 + +此类[`Config`](https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/usage/model_config/)用于为 Pydantic 提供配置。 + +在`Config`类中，设置属性`orm_mode = True`。 + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python hl_lines="13 17-18 29 34-35" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="15 19-20 31 36-37" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="15 19-20 31 36-37" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py!} + ``` + +!!! tip + 请注意，它使用`=`分配一个值，例如： + + `orm_mode = True` + + 它不使用之前的`:`来类型声明。 + + 这是设置配置值，而不是声明类型。 + +Pydantic`orm_mode`将告诉 Pydantic*模型*读取数据，即它不是一个`dict`，而是一个 ORM 模型（或任何其他具有属性的任意对象）。 + +这样，而不是仅仅试图从`dict`上 `id` 中获取值，如下所示： + +```Python +id = data["id"] +``` + +尝试从属性中获取它，如： + +```Python +id = data.id +``` + +有了这个，Pydantic*模型*与 ORM 兼容，您只需在*路径操作*`response_model`的参数中声明它即可。 + +您将能够返回一个数据库模型，它将从中读取数据。 + +#### ORM 模式的技术细节 + +SQLAlchemy 和许多其他默认情况下是“延迟加载”。 + +这意味着，例如，除非您尝试访问包含该数据的属性，否则它们不会从数据库中获取关系数据。 + +例如，访问属性`items`： + +```Python +current_user.items +``` + +将使 SQLAlchemy 转到`items`表并获取该用户的项目，在调用`.items`之前不会去查询数据库。 + +没有`orm_mode`，如果您从*路径操作*返回一个 SQLAlchemy 模型，它不会包含关系数据。 + +即使您在 Pydantic 模型中声明了这些关系，也没有用处。 + +但是在 ORM 模式下，由于 Pydantic 本身会尝试从属性访问它需要的数据（而不是假设为 `dict`），你可以声明你想要返回的特定数据，它甚至可以从 ORM 中获取它。 + +## CRUD工具 + +现在让我们看看文件`sql_app/crud.py`。 + +在这个文件中，我们将编写可重用的函数用来与数据库中的数据进行交互。 + +**CRUD**分别为：**增加**、**查询**、**更改**和**删除**，即增删改查。 + +...虽然在这个例子中我们只是新增和查询。 + +### 读取数据 + +从 `sqlalchemy.orm`中导入`Session`，这将允许您声明`db`参数的类型，并在您的函数中进行更好的类型检查和完成。 + +导入之前的`models`（SQLAlchemy 模型）和`schemas`（Pydantic*模型*/模式）。 + +创建一些实用函数来完成： + +* 通过 ID 和电子邮件查询单个用户。 +* 查询多个用户。 +* 查询多个项目。 + +```Python hl_lines="1 3 6-7 10-11 14-15 27-28" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/crud.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + 通过创建仅专用于与数据库交互（获取用户或项目）的函数，独立于*路径操作函数*，您可以更轻松地在多个部分中重用它们，并为它们添加单元测试。 + +### 创建数据 + +现在创建实用程序函数来创建数据。 + +它的步骤是： + +* 使用您的数据创建一个 SQLAlchemy 模型*实例。* +* 使用`add`来将该实例对象添加到您的数据库。 +* 使用`commit`来对数据库的事务提交（以便保存它们）。 +* 使用`refresh`来刷新您的数据库实例（以便它包含来自数据库的任何新数据，例如生成的 ID）。 + +```Python hl_lines="18-24 31-36" +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/crud.py!} +``` + +!!! tip + SQLAlchemy 模型`User`包含一个`hashed_password`，它应该是一个包含散列的安全密码。 + + 但由于 API 客户端提供的是原始密码，因此您需要将其提取并在应用程序中生成散列密码。 + + 然后将hashed_password参数与要保存的值一起传递。 + +!!! warning + 此示例不安全，密码未经过哈希处理。 + + 在现实生活中的应用程序中，您需要对密码进行哈希处理，并且永远不要以明文形式保存它们。 + + 有关更多详细信息，请返回教程中的安全部分。 + + 在这里，我们只关注数据库的工具和机制。 + +!!! tip + 这里不是将每个关键字参数传递给Item并从Pydantic模型中读取每个参数，而是先生成一个字典，其中包含Pydantic模型的数据： + + `item.dict()` + + 然后我们将dict的键值对 作为关键字参数传递给 SQLAlchemy `Item`： + + `Item(**item.dict())` + + 然后我们传递 Pydantic模型未提供的额外关键字参数`owner_id`： + + `Item(**item.dict(), owner_id=user_id)` + +## 主**FastAPI**应用程序 + +现在在`sql_app/main.py`文件中 让我们集成和使用我们之前创建的所有其他部分。 + +### 创建数据库表 + +以非常简单的方式创建数据库表： + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="7" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="9" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!} + ``` + +#### Alembic 注意 + +通常你可能会使用 Alembic，来进行格式化数据库（创建表等）。 + +而且您还可以将 Alembic 用于“迁移”（这是它的主要工作）。 + +“迁移”是每当您更改 SQLAlchemy 模型的结构、添加新属性等以在数据库中复制这些更改、添加新列、新表等时所需的一组步骤。 + +您可以在[Project Generation - Template](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/zh/project-generation/)的模板中找到一个 FastAPI 项目中的 Alembic 示例。具体在[`alembic`代码目录中](https://github.com/tiangolo/full-stack-fastapi-postgresql/tree/master/src/backend/app/alembic/)。 + +### 创建依赖项 + +现在使用我们在`sql_app/database.py`文件中创建的`SessionLocal`来创建依赖项。 + +我们需要每个请求有一个独立的数据库会话/连接（`SessionLocal`），在所有请求中使用相同的会话，然后在请求完成后关闭它。 + +然后将为下一个请求创建一个新会话。 + +为此，我们将创建一个新的依赖项`yield`，正如前面关于[Dependencies with`yield`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/zh/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield/)的部分中所解释的那样。 + +我们的依赖项将创建一个新的 SQLAlchemy `SessionLocal`，它将在单个请求中使用，然后在请求完成后关闭它。 + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="13-18" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="15-20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + 我们将`SessionLocal()`请求的创建和处理放在一个`try`块中。 + + 然后我们在finally块中关闭它。 + + 通过这种方式，我们确保数据库会话在请求后始终关闭。即使在处理请求时出现异常。 + + 但是您不能从退出代码中引发另一个异常（在yield之后）。可以查阅 [Dependencies with yield and HTTPException](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/zh/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield/#dependencies-with-yield-and-httpexception) + +*然后，当在路径操作函数*中使用依赖项时，我们使用`Session`，直接从 SQLAlchemy 导入的类型声明它。 + +*这将为我们在路径操作函数*中提供更好的编辑器支持，因为编辑器将知道`db`参数的类型`Session`： + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="22 30 36 45 51" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="24 32 38 47 53" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!} + ``` + +!!! info "技术细节" + 参数`db`实际上是 type `SessionLocal`，但是这个类（用 创建`sessionmaker()`）是 SQLAlchemy 的“代理” `Session`，所以，编辑器并不真正知道提供了哪些方法。 + + 但是通过将类型声明为Session，编辑器现在可以知道可用的方法（.add()、.query()、.commit()等）并且可以提供更好的支持（比如完成）。类型声明不影响实际对象。 + +### 创建您的**FastAPI** *路径操作* + +现在，到了最后，编写标准的**FastAPI** *路径操作*代码。 + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="21-26 29-32 35-40 43-47 50-53" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="23-28 31-34 37-42 45-49 52-55" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!} + ``` + +我们在依赖项中的每个请求之前利用`yield`创建数据库会话，然后关闭它。 + +所以我们就可以在*路径操作函数*中创建需要的依赖，就能直接获取会话。 + +这样，我们就可以直接从*路径操作函数*内部调用`crud.get_user`并使用该会话，来进行对数据库操作。 + +!!! tip + 请注意，您返回的值是 SQLAlchemy 模型或 SQLAlchemy 模型列表。 + + 但是由于所有路径操作的response_model都使用 Pydantic模型/使用orm_mode模式，因此您的 Pydantic 模型中声明的数据将从它们中提取并返回给客户端，并进行所有正常的过滤和验证。 + +!!! tip + 另请注意，`response_models`应当是标准 Python 类型，例如`List[schemas.Item]`. + + 但是由于它的内容/参数List是一个 使用orm_mode模式的Pydantic模型，所以数据将被正常检索并返回给客户端，所以没有问题。 + +### 关于 `def` 对比 `async def` + +*在这里，我们在路径操作函数*和依赖项中都使用着 SQLAlchemy 模型，它将与外部数据库进行通信。 + +这会需要一些“等待时间”。 + +但是由于 SQLAlchemy 不具有`await`直接使用的兼容性，因此类似于： + +```Python +user = await db.query(User).first() +``` + +...相反，我们可以使用： + +```Python +user = db.query(User).first() +``` + +然后我们应该声明*路径操作函数*和不带 的依赖关系`async def`，只需使用普通的`def`，如下： + +```Python hl_lines="2" +@app.get("/users/{user_id}", response_model=schemas.User) +def read_user(user_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + db_user = crud.get_user(db, user_id=user_id) + ... +``` + +!!! info + 如果您需要异步连接到关系数据库，请参阅[Async SQL (Relational) Databases](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/zh/advanced/async-sql-databases/) + +!!! note "Very Technical Details" + 如果您很好奇并且拥有深厚的技术知识，您可以在[Async](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/zh/async/#very-technical-details)文档中查看有关如何处理 `async def`于`def`差别的技术细节。 + +## 迁移 + +因为我们直接使用 SQLAlchemy，并且我们不需要任何类型的插件来使用**FastAPI**，所以我们可以直接将数据库迁移至[Alembic](https://alembic.sqlalchemy.org/)进行集成。 + +由于与 SQLAlchemy 和 SQLAlchemy 模型相关的代码位于单独的独立文件中，您甚至可以使用 Alembic 执行迁移，而无需安装 FastAPI、Pydantic 或其他任何东西。 + +同样，您将能够在与**FastAPI**无关的代码的其他部分中使用相同的 SQLAlchemy 模型和实用程序。 + +例如，在具有[Celery](https://docs.celeryq.dev/)、[RQ](https://python-rq.org/)或[ARQ](https://arq-docs.helpmanual.io/)的后台任务工作者中。 + +## 审查所有文件 + +最后回顾整个案例，您应该有一个名为的目录`my_super_project`，其中包含一个名为`sql_app`。 + +`sql_app`中应该有以下文件： + +* `sql_app/__init__.py`：这是一个空文件。 + +* `sql_app/database.py`： + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/database.py!} +``` + +* `sql_app/models.py`: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/models.py!} +``` + +* `sql_app/schemas.py`: + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/schemas.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py!} + ``` + +* `sql_app/crud.py`: + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/crud.py!} +``` + +* `sql_app/main.py`: + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/main.py!} + ``` + +## 执行项目 + +您可以复制这些代码并按原样使用它。 + +!!! info + + 事实上，这里的代码只是大多数测试代码的一部分。 + +你可以用 Uvicorn 运行它： + + +
+ +```console +$ uvicorn sql_app.main:app --reload + +INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) +``` + +
+ +打开浏览器进入 http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs。 + +您将能够与您的**FastAPI**应用程序交互，从真实数据库中读取数据： + + + +## 直接与数据库交互 + +如果您想独立于 FastAPI 直接浏览 SQLite 数据库（文件）以调试其内容、添加表、列、记录、修改数据等，您可以使用[SQLite 的 DB Browser](https://sqlitebrowser.org/) + +它看起来像这样： + + + +您还可以使用[SQLite Viewer](https://inloop.github.io/sqlite-viewer/)或[ExtendsClass](https://extendsclass.com/sqlite-browser.html)等在线 SQLite 浏览器。 + +## 中间件替代数据库会话 + +如果你不能使用依赖项`yield`——例如，如果你没有使用**Python 3.7**并且不能安装上面提到的**Python 3.6**的“backports” ——你可以在类似的“中间件”中设置会话方法。 + +“中间件”基本功能是一个为每个请求执行的函数在请求之前进行执行相应的代码，以及在请求执行之后执行相应的代码。 + +### 创建中间件 + +我们将添加中间件（只是一个函数）将为每个请求创建一个新的 SQLAlchemy`SessionLocal`，将其添加到请求中，然后在请求完成后关闭它。 + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python hl_lines="12-20" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/alt_main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python hl_lines="14-22" + {!> ../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/alt_main.py!} + ``` + +!!! info + 我们将`SessionLocal()`请求的创建和处理放在一个`try`块中。 + + 然后我们在finally块中关闭它。 + + 通过这种方式，我们确保数据库会话在请求后始终关闭，即使在处理请求时出现异常也会关闭。 + +### 关于`request.state` + +`request.state`是每个`Request`对象的属性。它用于存储附加到请求本身的任意对象，例如本例中的数据库会话。您可以在[Starlette 的关于`Request`state](https://www.starlette.io/requests/#other-state)的文档中了解更多信息。 + +对于这种情况下，它帮助我们确保在所有请求中使用单个数据库会话，然后关闭（在中间件中）。 + +### 使用`yield`依赖项与使用中间件的区别 + +在此处添加**中间件**与`yield`的依赖项的作用效果类似，但也有一些区别： + +* 中间件需要更多的代码并且更复杂一些。 +* 中间件必须是一个`async`函数。 + * 如果其中有代码必须“等待”网络，它可能会在那里“阻止”您的应用程序并稍微降低性能。 + * 尽管这里的`SQLAlchemy`工作方式可能不是很成问题。 + * 但是，如果您向等待大量I/O的中间件添加更多代码，则可能会出现问题。 +* *每个*请求都会运行一个中间件。 + * 将为每个请求创建一个连接。 + * 即使处理该请求的*路径操作*不需要数据库。 + +!!! tip + `tyield`当依赖项 足以满足用例时，使用`tyield`依赖项方法会更好。 + +!!! info + `yield`的依赖项是最近刚加入**FastAPI**中的。 + + 所以本教程的先前版本只有带有中间件的示例，并且可能有多个应用程序使用中间件进行数据库会话管理。 diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/static-files.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/static-files.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e7c5c3f0a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/static-files.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +# 静态文件 + +您可以使用 `StaticFiles`从目录中自动提供静态文件。 + +## 使用`StaticFiles` + +* 导入`StaticFiles`。 +* "挂载"(Mount) 一个 `StaticFiles()` 实例到一个指定路径。 + +```Python hl_lines="2 6" +{!../../../docs_src/static_files/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! note "技术细节" + 你也可以用 `from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles`。 + + **FastAPI** 提供了和 `starlette.staticfiles` 相同的 `fastapi.staticfiles` ，只是为了方便你，开发者。但它确实来自Starlette。 + +### 什么是"挂载"(Mounting) + +"挂载" 表示在特定路径添加一个完全"独立的"应用，然后负责处理所有子路径。 + +这与使用`APIRouter`不同，因为安装的应用程序是完全独立的。OpenAPI和来自你主应用的文档不会包含已挂载应用的任何东西等等。 + +你可以在**高级用户指南**中了解更多。 + +## 细节 + +这个 "子应用" 会被 "挂载" 到第一个 `"/static"` 指向的子路径。因此，任何以`"/static"`开头的路径都会被它处理。 + + `directory="static"` 指向包含你的静态文件的目录名字。 + +`name="static"` 提供了一个能被**FastAPI**内部使用的名字。 + +所有这些参数可以不同于"`static`"，根据你应用的需要和具体细节调整它们。 + +## 更多信息 + +更多细节和选择查阅 Starlette's docs about Static Files. diff --git a/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/testing.md b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/testing.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..77fff7596 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/zh/docs/tutorial/testing.md @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +# 测试 + +感谢 Starlette，测试**FastAPI** 应用轻松又愉快。 + +它基于 HTTPX， 而HTTPX又是基于Requests设计的，所以很相似且易懂。 + +有了它，你可以直接与**FastAPI**一起使用 pytest。 + +## 使用 `TestClient` + +!!! 信息 + 要使用 `TestClient`，先要安装 `httpx`. + + 例：`pip install httpx`. + +导入 `TestClient`. + +通过传入你的**FastAPI**应用创建一个 `TestClient` 。 + +创建名字以 `test_` 开头的函数（这是标准的 `pytest` 约定）。 + +像使用 `httpx` 那样使用 `TestClient` 对象。 + +为你需要检查的地方用标准的Python表达式写个简单的 `assert` 语句（重申，标准的`pytest`）。 + +```Python hl_lines="2 12 15-18" +{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!} +``` + +!!! 提示 + 注意测试函数是普通的 `def`，不是 `async def`。 + + 还有client的调用也是普通的调用，不是用 `await`。 + + 这让你可以直接使用 `pytest` 而不会遇到麻烦。 + +!!! note "技术细节" + 你也可以用 `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`。 + + **FastAPI** 提供了和 `starlette.testclient` 一样的 `fastapi.testclient`，只是为了方便开发者。但它直接来自Starlette。 + +!!! 提示 + 除了发送请求之外，如果你还想测试时在FastAPI应用中调用 `async` 函数（例如异步数据库函数）， 可以在高级教程中看下 [Async Tests](../advanced/async-tests.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 。 + +## 分离测试 + +在实际应用中，你可能会把你的测试放在另一个文件里。 + +您的**FastAPI**应用程序也可能由一些文件/模块组成等等。 + +### **FastAPI** app 文件 + +假设你有一个像 [更大的应用](./bigger-applications.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 中所描述的文件结构: + +``` +. +├── app +│   ├── __init__.py +│   └── main.py +``` + +在 `main.py` 文件中你有一个 **FastAPI** app: + + +```Python +{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/main.py!} +``` + +### 测试文件 + +然后你会有一个包含测试的文件 `test_main.py` 。app可以像Python包那样存在（一样是目录，但有个 `__init__.py` 文件）： + +``` hl_lines="5" +. +├── app +│   ├── __init__.py +│   ├── main.py +│   └── test_main.py +``` + +因为这文件在同一个包中，所以你可以通过相对导入从 `main` 模块（`main.py`）导入`app`对象： + +```Python hl_lines="3" +{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/test_main.py!} +``` + +...然后测试代码和之前一样的。 + +## 测试：扩展示例 + +现在让我们扩展这个例子，并添加更多细节，看下如何测试不同部分。 + +### 扩展后的 **FastAPI** app 文件 + +让我们继续之前的文件结构： + +``` +. +├── app +│   ├── __init__.py +│   ├── main.py +│   └── test_main.py +``` + +假设现在包含**FastAPI** app的文件 `main.py` 有些其他**路径操作**。 + +有个 `GET` 操作会返回错误。 + +有个 `POST` 操作会返回一些错误。 + +所有*路径操作* 都需要一个`X-Token` 头。 + +=== "Python 3.10+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py310/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.9+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py39/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+" + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_py310/main.py!} + ``` + +=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated" + + !!! tip + Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible. + + ```Python + {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b/main.py!} + ``` + +### 扩展后的测试文件 + +然后您可以使用扩展后的测试更新`test_main.py`： + +```Python +{!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b/test_main.py!} +``` + +每当你需要客户端在请求中传递信息，但你不知道如何传递时，你可以通过搜索（谷歌）如何用 `httpx`做，或者是用 `requests` 做，毕竟HTTPX的设计是基于Requests的设计的。 + +接着只需在测试中同样操作。 + +示例： + +* 传一个*路径* 或*查询* 参数，添加到URL上。 +* 传一个JSON体，传一个Python对象(例如一个`dict`)到参数 `json`。 +* 如果你需要发送 *Form Data* 而不是 JSON，使用 `data` 参数。 +* 要发送 *headers*，传 `dict` 给 `headers` 参数。 +* 对于 *cookies*，传 `dict` 给 `cookies` 参数。 + +关于如何传数据给后端的更多信息 (使用`httpx` 或 `TestClient`)，请查阅 HTTPX 文档. + +!!! 信息 + 注意 `TestClient` 接收可以被转化为JSON的数据，而不是Pydantic模型。 + + 如果你在测试中有一个Pydantic模型，并且你想在测试时发送它的数据给应用，你可以使用在[JSON Compatible Encoder](encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank}介绍的`jsonable_encoder` 。 + +## 运行起来 + +之后，你只需要安装 `pytest`: + +
+ +```console +$ pip install pytest + +---> 100% +``` + +
+ +他会自动检测文件和测试，执行测试，然后向你报告结果。 + +执行测试： + +
+ +```console +$ pytest + +================ test session starts ================ +platform linux -- Python 3.6.9, pytest-5.3.5, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 +rootdir: /home/user/code/superawesome-cli/app +plugins: forked-1.1.3, xdist-1.31.0, cov-2.8.1 +collected 6 items + +---> 100% + +test_main.py ...... [100%] + +================= 1 passed in 0.03s ================= +``` + +
diff --git a/docs/zh/mkdocs.yml b/docs/zh/mkdocs.yml index 07ffa367f..de18856f4 100644 --- a/docs/zh/mkdocs.yml +++ b/docs/zh/mkdocs.yml @@ -1,178 +1 @@ -site_name: FastAPI -site_description: FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production -site_url: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/zh/ -theme: - name: material - custom_dir: overrides - palette: - - scheme: default - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb - name: Switch to light mode - - scheme: slate - primary: teal - accent: amber - toggle: - icon: material/lightbulb-outline - name: Switch to dark mode - features: - - search.suggest - - search.highlight - - content.tabs.link - icon: - repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - logo: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/icon-white.svg - favicon: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png - language: zh -repo_name: tiangolo/fastapi -repo_url: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi -edit_uri: '' -google_analytics: -- UA-133183413-1 -- auto -plugins: -- search -- markdownextradata: - data: data -nav: -- FastAPI: index.md -- Languages: - - en: / - - az: /az/ - - de: /de/ - - es: /es/ - - fr: /fr/ - - id: /id/ - - it: /it/ - - ja: /ja/ - - ko: /ko/ - - pl: /pl/ - - pt: /pt/ - - ru: /ru/ - - sq: /sq/ - - tr: /tr/ - - uk: /uk/ - - zh: /zh/ -- features.md -- fastapi-people.md -- python-types.md -- 教程 - 用户指南: - - tutorial/index.md - - tutorial/first-steps.md - - tutorial/path-params.md - - tutorial/query-params.md - - tutorial/body.md - - tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md - - tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md - - tutorial/body-multiple-params.md - - tutorial/body-fields.md - - tutorial/middleware.md - - tutorial/body-nested-models.md - - tutorial/header-params.md - - tutorial/response-model.md - - tutorial/extra-models.md - - tutorial/response-status-code.md - - tutorial/schema-extra-example.md - - tutorial/extra-data-types.md - - tutorial/cookie-params.md - - tutorial/request-forms.md - - tutorial/request-files.md - - tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md - - tutorial/handling-errors.md - - tutorial/body-updates.md - - 依赖项: - - tutorial/dependencies/index.md - - tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md - - tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md - - tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies.md - - 安全性: - - tutorial/security/index.md - - tutorial/security/get-current-user.md - - tutorial/security/simple-oauth2.md - - tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md - - tutorial/cors.md - - tutorial/bigger-applications.md - - tutorial/metadata.md - - tutorial/debugging.md -- 高级用户指南: - - advanced/index.md - - advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md - - advanced/additional-status-codes.md - - advanced/response-directly.md - - advanced/custom-response.md -- contributing.md -- help-fastapi.md -- benchmarks.md -markdown_extensions: -- toc: - permalink: true -- markdown.extensions.codehilite: - guess_lang: false -- mdx_include: - base_path: docs -- admonition -- codehilite -- extra -- pymdownx.superfences: - custom_fences: - - name: mermaid - class: mermaid - format: !!python/name:pymdownx.superfences.fence_code_format '' -- pymdownx.tabbed -extra: - social: - - icon: fontawesome/brands/github-alt - link: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/discord - link: https://discord.gg/VQjSZaeJmf - - icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter - link: https://twitter.com/fastapi - - icon: fontawesome/brands/linkedin - link: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/dev - link: https://dev.to/tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/brands/medium - link: https://medium.com/@tiangolo - - icon: fontawesome/solid/globe - link: https://tiangolo.com - alternate: - - link: / - name: en - English - - link: /az/ - name: az - - link: /de/ - name: de - - link: /es/ - name: es - español - - link: /fr/ - name: fr - français - - link: /id/ - name: id - - link: /it/ - name: it - italiano - - link: /ja/ - name: ja - 日本語 - - link: /ko/ - name: ko - 한국어 - - link: /pl/ - name: pl - - link: /pt/ - name: pt - português - - link: /ru/ - name: ru - русский язык - - link: /sq/ - name: sq - shqip - - link: /tr/ - name: tr - Türkçe - - link: /uk/ - name: uk - українська мова - - link: /zh/ - name: zh - 汉语 -extra_css: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/termynal.css -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/css/custom.css -extra_javascript: -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/termynal.js -- https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/js/custom.js +INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml diff --git a/docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py index 79dcc2efe..ffa821b91 100644 --- a/docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial001.py @@ -19,5 +19,4 @@ app = FastAPI() async def read_item(item_id: str): if item_id == "foo": return {"id": "foo", "value": "there goes my hero"} - else: - return JSONResponse(status_code=404, content={"message": "Item not found"}) + return JSONResponse(status_code=404, content={"message": "Item not found"}) diff --git a/docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial002.py index a46e95959..bd0c95704 100644 --- a/docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial002.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from fastapi.responses import FileResponse @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ app = FastAPI() } }, ) -async def read_item(item_id: str, img: Optional[bool] = None): +async def read_item(item_id: str, img: Union[bool, None] = None): if img: return FileResponse("image.png", media_type="image/png") else: diff --git a/docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial004.py b/docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial004.py index 361aecb8e..978bc18c1 100644 --- a/docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial004.py +++ b/docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial004.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from fastapi.responses import FileResponse @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ app = FastAPI() response_model=Item, responses={**responses, 200: {"content": {"image/png": {}}}}, ) -async def read_item(item_id: str, img: Optional[bool] = None): +async def read_item(item_id: str, img: Union[bool, None] = None): if img: return FileResponse("image.png", media_type="image/png") else: diff --git a/docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py index ae101e0a0..74a986a6a 100644 --- a/docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import Body, FastAPI, status from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse @@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ items = {"foo": {"name": "Fighters", "size": 6}, "bar": {"name": "Tenders", "siz @app.put("/items/{item_id}") async def upsert_item( - item_id: str, name: Optional[str] = Body(None), size: Optional[int] = Body(None) + item_id: str, + name: Union[str, None] = Body(default=None), + size: Union[int, None] = Body(default=None), ): if item_id in items: item = items[item_id] diff --git a/docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_an.py b/docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b5ad6a16b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI, status +from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + +items = {"foo": {"name": "Fighters", "size": 6}, "bar": {"name": "Tenders", "size": 3}} + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def upsert_item( + item_id: str, + name: Annotated[Union[str, None], Body()] = None, + size: Annotated[Union[int, None], Body()] = None, +): + if item_id in items: + item = items[item_id] + item["name"] = name + item["size"] = size + return item + else: + item = {"name": name, "size": size} + items[item_id] = item + return JSONResponse(status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, content=item) diff --git a/docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_an_py310.py b/docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1865074a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI, status +from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse + +app = FastAPI() + +items = {"foo": {"name": "Fighters", "size": 6}, "bar": {"name": "Tenders", "size": 3}} + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def upsert_item( + item_id: str, + name: Annotated[str | None, Body()] = None, + size: Annotated[int | None, Body()] = None, +): + if item_id in items: + item = items[item_id] + item["name"] = name + item["size"] = size + return item + else: + item = {"name": name, "size": size} + items[item_id] = item + return JSONResponse(status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, content=item) diff --git a/docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_an_py39.py b/docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..89653dd8a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI, status +from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse + +app = FastAPI() + +items = {"foo": {"name": "Fighters", "size": 6}, "bar": {"name": "Tenders", "size": 3}} + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def upsert_item( + item_id: str, + name: Annotated[Union[str, None], Body()] = None, + size: Annotated[Union[int, None], Body()] = None, +): + if item_id in items: + item = items[item_id] + item["name"] = name + item["size"] = size + return item + else: + item = {"name": name, "size": size} + items[item_id] = item + return JSONResponse(status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, content=item) diff --git a/docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_py310.py b/docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..38bfa455b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI, status +from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse + +app = FastAPI() + +items = {"foo": {"name": "Fighters", "size": 6}, "bar": {"name": "Tenders", "size": 3}} + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def upsert_item( + item_id: str, + name: str | None = Body(default=None), + size: int | None = Body(default=None), +): + if item_id in items: + item = items[item_id] + item["name"] = name + item["size"] = size + return item + else: + item = {"name": name, "size": size} + items[item_id] = item + return JSONResponse(status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, content=item) diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/__init__.py b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b/__init__.py similarity index 100% rename from docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/__init__.py rename to docs_src/app_testing/app_b/__init__.py diff --git a/docs_src/app_testing/app_b/main.py b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b/main.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..45a103378 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b/main.py @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Header, HTTPException +from pydantic import BaseModel + +fake_secret_token = "coneofsilence" + +fake_db = { + "foo": {"id": "foo", "title": "Foo", "description": "There goes my hero"}, + "bar": {"id": "bar", "title": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders"}, +} + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + id: str + title: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item) +async def read_main(item_id: str, x_token: str = Header()): + if x_token != fake_secret_token: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header") + if item_id not in fake_db: + raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found") + return fake_db[item_id] + + +@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item) +async def create_item(item: Item, x_token: str = Header()): + if x_token != fake_secret_token: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header") + if item.id in fake_db: + raise HTTPException(status_code=409, detail="Item already exists") + fake_db[item.id] = item + return item diff --git a/docs_src/app_testing/app_b/test_main.py b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b/test_main.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4e2b98e23 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b/test_main.py @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +from .main import app + +client = TestClient(app) + + +def test_read_item(): + response = client.get("/items/foo", headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"}) + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == { + "id": "foo", + "title": "Foo", + "description": "There goes my hero", + } + + +def test_read_item_bad_token(): + response = client.get("/items/foo", headers={"X-Token": "hailhydra"}) + assert response.status_code == 400 + assert response.json() == {"detail": "Invalid X-Token header"} + + +def test_read_inexistent_item(): + response = client.get("/items/baz", headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"}) + assert response.status_code == 404 + assert response.json() == {"detail": "Item not found"} + + +def test_create_item(): + response = client.post( + "/items/", + headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"}, + json={"id": "foobar", "title": "Foo Bar", "description": "The Foo Barters"}, + ) + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == { + "id": "foobar", + "title": "Foo Bar", + "description": "The Foo Barters", + } + + +def test_create_item_bad_token(): + response = client.post( + "/items/", + headers={"X-Token": "hailhydra"}, + json={"id": "bazz", "title": "Bazz", "description": "Drop the bazz"}, + ) + assert response.status_code == 400 + assert response.json() == {"detail": "Invalid X-Token header"} + + +def test_create_existing_item(): + response = client.post( + "/items/", + headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"}, + json={ + "id": "foo", + "title": "The Foo ID Stealers", + "description": "There goes my stealer", + }, + ) + assert response.status_code == 409 + assert response.json() == {"detail": "Item already exists"} diff --git a/tests/test_tutorial/test_sql_databases_peewee/__init__.py b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an/__init__.py similarity index 100% rename from tests/test_tutorial/test_sql_databases_peewee/__init__.py rename to docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an/__init__.py diff --git a/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an/main.py b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an/main.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c63134fc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an/main.py @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Header, HTTPException +from pydantic import BaseModel +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +fake_secret_token = "coneofsilence" + +fake_db = { + "foo": {"id": "foo", "title": "Foo", "description": "There goes my hero"}, + "bar": {"id": "bar", "title": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders"}, +} + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + id: str + title: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item) +async def read_main(item_id: str, x_token: Annotated[str, Header()]): + if x_token != fake_secret_token: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header") + if item_id not in fake_db: + raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found") + return fake_db[item_id] + + +@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item) +async def create_item(item: Item, x_token: Annotated[str, Header()]): + if x_token != fake_secret_token: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header") + if item.id in fake_db: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Item already exists") + fake_db[item.id] = item + return item diff --git a/docs_src/app_testing/test_main_b.py b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an/test_main.py similarity index 98% rename from docs_src/app_testing/test_main_b.py rename to docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an/test_main.py index 83cc7d255..d186b8ecb 100644 --- a/docs_src/app_testing/test_main_b.py +++ b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an/test_main.py @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ from fastapi.testclient import TestClient -from .main_b import app +from .main import app client = TestClient(app) diff --git a/docs/de/overrides/.gitignore b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py310/__init__.py similarity index 100% rename from docs/de/overrides/.gitignore rename to docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py310/__init__.py diff --git a/docs_src/app_testing/main_b.py b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py310/main.py similarity index 82% rename from docs_src/app_testing/main_b.py rename to docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py310/main.py index df43db806..48c27a0b8 100644 --- a/docs_src/app_testing/main_b.py +++ b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py310/main.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Annotated from fastapi import FastAPI, Header, HTTPException from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): id: str title: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: str | None = None @app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item) -async def read_main(item_id: str, x_token: str = Header(...)): +async def read_main(item_id: str, x_token: Annotated[str, Header()]): if x_token != fake_secret_token: raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header") if item_id not in fake_db: @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ async def read_main(item_id: str, x_token: str = Header(...)): @app.post("/items/", response_model=Item) -async def create_item(item: Item, x_token: str = Header(...)): +async def create_item(item: Item, x_token: Annotated[str, Header()]): if x_token != fake_secret_token: raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header") if item.id in fake_db: diff --git a/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py310/test_main.py b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py310/test_main.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d186b8ecb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py310/test_main.py @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +from .main import app + +client = TestClient(app) + + +def test_read_item(): + response = client.get("/items/foo", headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"}) + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == { + "id": "foo", + "title": "Foo", + "description": "There goes my hero", + } + + +def test_read_item_bad_token(): + response = client.get("/items/foo", headers={"X-Token": "hailhydra"}) + assert response.status_code == 400 + assert response.json() == {"detail": "Invalid X-Token header"} + + +def test_read_inexistent_item(): + response = client.get("/items/baz", headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"}) + assert response.status_code == 404 + assert response.json() == {"detail": "Item not found"} + + +def test_create_item(): + response = client.post( + "/items/", + headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"}, + json={"id": "foobar", "title": "Foo Bar", "description": "The Foo Barters"}, + ) + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == { + "id": "foobar", + "title": "Foo Bar", + "description": "The Foo Barters", + } + + +def test_create_item_bad_token(): + response = client.post( + "/items/", + headers={"X-Token": "hailhydra"}, + json={"id": "bazz", "title": "Bazz", "description": "Drop the bazz"}, + ) + assert response.status_code == 400 + assert response.json() == {"detail": "Invalid X-Token header"} + + +def test_create_existing_item(): + response = client.post( + "/items/", + headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"}, + json={ + "id": "foo", + "title": "The Foo ID Stealers", + "description": "There goes my stealer", + }, + ) + assert response.status_code == 400 + assert response.json() == {"detail": "Item already exists"} diff --git a/docs/es/overrides/.gitignore b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py39/__init__.py similarity index 100% rename from docs/es/overrides/.gitignore rename to docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py39/__init__.py diff --git a/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py39/main.py b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py39/main.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..935a510b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py39/main.py @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Header, HTTPException +from pydantic import BaseModel + +fake_secret_token = "coneofsilence" + +fake_db = { + "foo": {"id": "foo", "title": "Foo", "description": "There goes my hero"}, + "bar": {"id": "bar", "title": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders"}, +} + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + id: str + title: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item) +async def read_main(item_id: str, x_token: Annotated[str, Header()]): + if x_token != fake_secret_token: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header") + if item_id not in fake_db: + raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found") + return fake_db[item_id] + + +@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item) +async def create_item(item: Item, x_token: Annotated[str, Header()]): + if x_token != fake_secret_token: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header") + if item.id in fake_db: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Item already exists") + fake_db[item.id] = item + return item diff --git a/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py39/test_main.py b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py39/test_main.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d186b8ecb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py39/test_main.py @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +from .main import app + +client = TestClient(app) + + +def test_read_item(): + response = client.get("/items/foo", headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"}) + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == { + "id": "foo", + "title": "Foo", + "description": "There goes my hero", + } + + +def test_read_item_bad_token(): + response = client.get("/items/foo", headers={"X-Token": "hailhydra"}) + assert response.status_code == 400 + assert response.json() == {"detail": "Invalid X-Token header"} + + +def test_read_inexistent_item(): + response = client.get("/items/baz", headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"}) + assert response.status_code == 404 + assert response.json() == {"detail": "Item not found"} + + +def test_create_item(): + response = client.post( + "/items/", + headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"}, + json={"id": "foobar", "title": "Foo Bar", "description": "The Foo Barters"}, + ) + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == { + "id": "foobar", + "title": "Foo Bar", + "description": "The Foo Barters", + } + + +def test_create_item_bad_token(): + response = client.post( + "/items/", + headers={"X-Token": "hailhydra"}, + json={"id": "bazz", "title": "Bazz", "description": "Drop the bazz"}, + ) + assert response.status_code == 400 + assert response.json() == {"detail": "Invalid X-Token header"} + + +def test_create_existing_item(): + response = client.post( + "/items/", + headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"}, + json={ + "id": "foo", + "title": "The Foo ID Stealers", + "description": "There goes my stealer", + }, + ) + assert response.status_code == 400 + assert response.json() == {"detail": "Item already exists"} diff --git a/docs/fr/overrides/.gitignore b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_py310/__init__.py similarity index 100% rename from docs/fr/overrides/.gitignore rename to docs_src/app_testing/app_b_py310/__init__.py diff --git a/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_py310/main.py b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_py310/main.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eccedcc7c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_py310/main.py @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Header, HTTPException +from pydantic import BaseModel + +fake_secret_token = "coneofsilence" + +fake_db = { + "foo": {"id": "foo", "title": "Foo", "description": "There goes my hero"}, + "bar": {"id": "bar", "title": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders"}, +} + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + id: str + title: str + description: str | None = None + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item) +async def read_main(item_id: str, x_token: str = Header()): + if x_token != fake_secret_token: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header") + if item_id not in fake_db: + raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found") + return fake_db[item_id] + + +@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item) +async def create_item(item: Item, x_token: str = Header()): + if x_token != fake_secret_token: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Invalid X-Token header") + if item.id in fake_db: + raise HTTPException(status_code=409, detail="Item already exists") + fake_db[item.id] = item + return item diff --git a/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_py310/test_main.py b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_py310/test_main.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4e2b98e23 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/app_testing/app_b_py310/test_main.py @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +from .main import app + +client = TestClient(app) + + +def test_read_item(): + response = client.get("/items/foo", headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"}) + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == { + "id": "foo", + "title": "Foo", + "description": "There goes my hero", + } + + +def test_read_item_bad_token(): + response = client.get("/items/foo", headers={"X-Token": "hailhydra"}) + assert response.status_code == 400 + assert response.json() == {"detail": "Invalid X-Token header"} + + +def test_read_inexistent_item(): + response = client.get("/items/baz", headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"}) + assert response.status_code == 404 + assert response.json() == {"detail": "Item not found"} + + +def test_create_item(): + response = client.post( + "/items/", + headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"}, + json={"id": "foobar", "title": "Foo Bar", "description": "The Foo Barters"}, + ) + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == { + "id": "foobar", + "title": "Foo Bar", + "description": "The Foo Barters", + } + + +def test_create_item_bad_token(): + response = client.post( + "/items/", + headers={"X-Token": "hailhydra"}, + json={"id": "bazz", "title": "Bazz", "description": "Drop the bazz"}, + ) + assert response.status_code == 400 + assert response.json() == {"detail": "Invalid X-Token header"} + + +def test_create_existing_item(): + response = client.post( + "/items/", + headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"}, + json={ + "id": "foo", + "title": "The Foo ID Stealers", + "description": "There goes my stealer", + }, + ) + assert response.status_code == 409 + assert response.json() == {"detail": "Item already exists"} diff --git a/docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py index b4a9c0586..71c898b3c 100644 --- a/docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ async def read_main(): return {"msg": "Hello World"} -@app.websocket_route("/ws") +@app.websocket("/ws") async def websocket(websocket: WebSocket): await websocket.accept() await websocket.send_json({"msg": "Hello WebSocket"}) diff --git a/docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py index e7517e8cd..2e1b2f6c6 100644 --- a/docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, Depends, FastAPI @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ def write_log(message: str): log.write(message) -def get_query(background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, q: Optional[str] = None): +def get_query(background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, q: Union[str, None] = None): if q: message = f"found query: {q}\n" background_tasks.add_task(write_log, message) diff --git a/docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an.py b/docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f63502b09 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, Depends, FastAPI +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +def write_log(message: str): + with open("log.txt", mode="a") as log: + log.write(message) + + +def get_query(background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, q: Union[str, None] = None): + if q: + message = f"found query: {q}\n" + background_tasks.add_task(write_log, message) + return q + + +@app.post("/send-notification/{email}") +async def send_notification( + email: str, background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, q: Annotated[str, Depends(get_query)] +): + message = f"message to {email}\n" + background_tasks.add_task(write_log, message) + return {"message": "Message sent"} diff --git a/docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an_py310.py b/docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1fc78fbc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +def write_log(message: str): + with open("log.txt", mode="a") as log: + log.write(message) + + +def get_query(background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, q: str | None = None): + if q: + message = f"found query: {q}\n" + background_tasks.add_task(write_log, message) + return q + + +@app.post("/send-notification/{email}") +async def send_notification( + email: str, background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, q: Annotated[str, Depends(get_query)] +): + message = f"message to {email}\n" + background_tasks.add_task(write_log, message) + return {"message": "Message sent"} diff --git a/docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an_py39.py b/docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bfdd14875 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +def write_log(message: str): + with open("log.txt", mode="a") as log: + log.write(message) + + +def get_query(background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, q: Union[str, None] = None): + if q: + message = f"found query: {q}\n" + background_tasks.add_task(write_log, message) + return q + + +@app.post("/send-notification/{email}") +async def send_notification( + email: str, background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, q: Annotated[str, Depends(get_query)] +): + message = f"message to {email}\n" + background_tasks.add_task(write_log, message) + return {"message": "Message sent"} diff --git a/docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_py310.py b/docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..626af1358 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial002_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +def write_log(message: str): + with open("log.txt", mode="a") as log: + log.write(message) + + +def get_query(background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, q: str | None = None): + if q: + message = f"found query: {q}\n" + background_tasks.add_task(write_log, message) + return q + + +@app.post("/send-notification/{email}") +async def send_notification( + email: str, background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, q: str = Depends(get_query) +): + message = f"message to {email}\n" + background_tasks.add_task(write_log, message) + return {"message": "Message sent"} diff --git a/docs_src/bigger_applications/app/dependencies.py b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app/dependencies.py index 267b0d3a8..8e45f004b 100644 --- a/docs_src/bigger_applications/app/dependencies.py +++ b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app/dependencies.py @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ from fastapi import Header, HTTPException -async def get_token_header(x_token: str = Header(...)): +async def get_token_header(x_token: str = Header()): if x_token != "fake-super-secret-token": raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Token header invalid") diff --git a/docs/id/overrides/.gitignore b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/__init__.py similarity index 100% rename from docs/id/overrides/.gitignore rename to docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/__init__.py diff --git a/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/dependencies.py b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/dependencies.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1374c54b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/dependencies.py @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +from fastapi import Header, HTTPException +from typing_extensions import Annotated + + +async def get_token_header(x_token: Annotated[str, Header()]): + if x_token != "fake-super-secret-token": + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Token header invalid") + + +async def get_query_token(token: str): + if token != "jessica": + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="No Jessica token provided") diff --git a/docs/it/overrides/.gitignore b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/internal/__init__.py similarity index 100% rename from docs/it/overrides/.gitignore rename to docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/internal/__init__.py diff --git a/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/internal/admin.py b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/internal/admin.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..99d3da86b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/internal/admin.py @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +from fastapi import APIRouter + +router = APIRouter() + + +@router.post("/") +async def update_admin(): + return {"message": "Admin getting schwifty"} diff --git a/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/main.py b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/main.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ae544a3aa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/main.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + +from .dependencies import get_query_token, get_token_header +from .internal import admin +from .routers import items, users + +app = FastAPI(dependencies=[Depends(get_query_token)]) + + +app.include_router(users.router) +app.include_router(items.router) +app.include_router( + admin.router, + prefix="/admin", + tags=["admin"], + dependencies=[Depends(get_token_header)], + responses={418: {"description": "I'm a teapot"}}, +) + + +@app.get("/") +async def root(): + return {"message": "Hello Bigger Applications!"} diff --git a/docs/ja/overrides/.gitignore b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/routers/__init__.py similarity index 100% rename from docs/ja/overrides/.gitignore rename to docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/routers/__init__.py diff --git a/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/routers/items.py b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/routers/items.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bde9ff4d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/routers/items.py @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException + +from ..dependencies import get_token_header + +router = APIRouter( + prefix="/items", + tags=["items"], + dependencies=[Depends(get_token_header)], + responses={404: {"description": "Not found"}}, +) + + +fake_items_db = {"plumbus": {"name": "Plumbus"}, "gun": {"name": "Portal Gun"}} + + +@router.get("/") +async def read_items(): + return fake_items_db + + +@router.get("/{item_id}") +async def read_item(item_id: str): + if item_id not in fake_items_db: + raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found") + return {"name": fake_items_db[item_id]["name"], "item_id": item_id} + + +@router.put( + "/{item_id}", + tags=["custom"], + responses={403: {"description": "Operation forbidden"}}, +) +async def update_item(item_id: str): + if item_id != "plumbus": + raise HTTPException( + status_code=403, detail="You can only update the item: plumbus" + ) + return {"item_id": item_id, "name": "The great Plumbus"} diff --git a/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/routers/users.py b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/routers/users.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..39b3d7e7c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an/routers/users.py @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +from fastapi import APIRouter + +router = APIRouter() + + +@router.get("/users/", tags=["users"]) +async def read_users(): + return [{"username": "Rick"}, {"username": "Morty"}] + + +@router.get("/users/me", tags=["users"]) +async def read_user_me(): + return {"username": "fakecurrentuser"} + + +@router.get("/users/{username}", tags=["users"]) +async def read_user(username: str): + return {"username": username} diff --git a/docs/ko/overrides/.gitignore b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/__init__.py similarity index 100% rename from docs/ko/overrides/.gitignore rename to docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/__init__.py diff --git a/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/dependencies.py b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/dependencies.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5c7612aa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/dependencies.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Header, HTTPException + + +async def get_token_header(x_token: Annotated[str, Header()]): + if x_token != "fake-super-secret-token": + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Token header invalid") + + +async def get_query_token(token: str): + if token != "jessica": + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="No Jessica token provided") diff --git a/docs/pl/overrides/.gitignore b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/internal/__init__.py similarity index 100% rename from docs/pl/overrides/.gitignore rename to docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/internal/__init__.py diff --git a/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/internal/admin.py b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/internal/admin.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..99d3da86b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/internal/admin.py @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +from fastapi import APIRouter + +router = APIRouter() + + +@router.post("/") +async def update_admin(): + return {"message": "Admin getting schwifty"} diff --git a/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/main.py b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/main.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ae544a3aa --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/main.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + +from .dependencies import get_query_token, get_token_header +from .internal import admin +from .routers import items, users + +app = FastAPI(dependencies=[Depends(get_query_token)]) + + +app.include_router(users.router) +app.include_router(items.router) +app.include_router( + admin.router, + prefix="/admin", + tags=["admin"], + dependencies=[Depends(get_token_header)], + responses={418: {"description": "I'm a teapot"}}, +) + + +@app.get("/") +async def root(): + return {"message": "Hello Bigger Applications!"} diff --git a/docs/pt/overrides/.gitignore b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/routers/__init__.py similarity index 100% rename from docs/pt/overrides/.gitignore rename to docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/routers/__init__.py diff --git a/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/routers/items.py b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/routers/items.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bde9ff4d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/routers/items.py @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException + +from ..dependencies import get_token_header + +router = APIRouter( + prefix="/items", + tags=["items"], + dependencies=[Depends(get_token_header)], + responses={404: {"description": "Not found"}}, +) + + +fake_items_db = {"plumbus": {"name": "Plumbus"}, "gun": {"name": "Portal Gun"}} + + +@router.get("/") +async def read_items(): + return fake_items_db + + +@router.get("/{item_id}") +async def read_item(item_id: str): + if item_id not in fake_items_db: + raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found") + return {"name": fake_items_db[item_id]["name"], "item_id": item_id} + + +@router.put( + "/{item_id}", + tags=["custom"], + responses={403: {"description": "Operation forbidden"}}, +) +async def update_item(item_id: str): + if item_id != "plumbus": + raise HTTPException( + status_code=403, detail="You can only update the item: plumbus" + ) + return {"item_id": item_id, "name": "The great Plumbus"} diff --git a/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/routers/users.py b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/routers/users.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..39b3d7e7c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/bigger_applications/app_an_py39/routers/users.py @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +from fastapi import APIRouter + +router = APIRouter() + + +@router.get("/users/", tags=["users"]) +async def read_users(): + return [{"username": "Rick"}, {"username": "Morty"}] + + +@router.get("/users/me", tags=["users"]) +async def read_user_me(): + return {"username": "fakecurrentuser"} + + +@router.get("/users/{username}", tags=["users"]) +async def read_user(username: str): + return {"username": username} diff --git a/docs_src/body/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/body/tutorial001.py index 52144bd2b..f93317274 100644 --- a/docs_src/body/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/body/tutorial001.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None app = FastAPI() diff --git a/docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py b/docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b71a52b62 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body/tutorial001_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/items/") +async def create_item(item: Item): + return item diff --git a/docs_src/body/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/body/tutorial002.py index 644fabae9..7f5183908 100644 --- a/docs_src/body/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/body/tutorial002.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None app = FastAPI() diff --git a/docs_src/body/tutorial002_py310.py b/docs_src/body/tutorial002_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8928b72b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body/tutorial002_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/items/") +async def create_item(item: Item): + item_dict = item.dict() + if item.tax: + price_with_tax = item.price + item.tax + item_dict.update({"price_with_tax": price_with_tax}) + return item_dict diff --git a/docs_src/body/tutorial003.py b/docs_src/body/tutorial003.py index c99ea694b..2f33cc038 100644 --- a/docs_src/body/tutorial003.py +++ b/docs_src/body/tutorial003.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None app = FastAPI() @app.put("/items/{item_id}") -async def create_item(item_id: int, item: Item): +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): return {"item_id": item_id, **item.dict()} diff --git a/docs_src/body/tutorial003_py310.py b/docs_src/body/tutorial003_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..440b210e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body/tutorial003_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + return {"item_id": item_id, **item.dict()} diff --git a/docs_src/body/tutorial004.py b/docs_src/body/tutorial004.py index 7a222a390..0671e0a27 100644 --- a/docs_src/body/tutorial004.py +++ b/docs_src/body/tutorial004.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -6,16 +6,16 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None app = FastAPI() @app.put("/items/{item_id}") -async def create_item(item_id: int, item: Item, q: Optional[str] = None): +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item, q: Union[str, None] = None): result = {"item_id": item_id, **item.dict()} if q: result.update({"q": q}) diff --git a/docs_src/body/tutorial004_py310.py b/docs_src/body/tutorial004_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b352b70ab --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body/tutorial004_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item, q: str | None = None): + result = {"item_id": item_id, **item.dict()} + if q: + result.update({"q": q}) + return result diff --git a/docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py index dabc48a0f..cbeebd614 100644 --- a/docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import Body, FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel, Field @@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = Field( - None, title="The description of the item", max_length=300 + description: Union[str, None] = Field( + default=None, title="The description of the item", max_length=300 ) - price: float = Field(..., gt=0, description="The price must be greater than zero") - tax: Optional[float] = None + price: float = Field(gt=0, description="The price must be greater than zero") + tax: Union[float, None] = None @app.put("/items/{item_id}") -async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item = Body(..., embed=True)): +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item = Body(embed=True)): results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an.py b/docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..15ea1b53d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel, Field +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = Field( + default=None, title="The description of the item", max_length=300 + ) + price: float = Field(gt=0, description="The price must be greater than zero") + tax: Union[float, None] = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Annotated[Item, Body(embed=True)]): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py310.py b/docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c9d99e1c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel, Field + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = Field( + default=None, title="The description of the item", max_length=300 + ) + price: float = Field(gt=0, description="The price must be greater than zero") + tax: float | None = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Annotated[Item, Body(embed=True)]): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py39.py b/docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ef14470c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel, Field + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = Field( + default=None, title="The description of the item", max_length=300 + ) + price: float = Field(gt=0, description="The price must be greater than zero") + tax: Union[float, None] = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Annotated[Item, Body(embed=True)]): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_py310.py b/docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4437327f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_fields/tutorial001_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel, Field + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = Field( + default=None, title="The description of the item", max_length=300 + ) + price: float = Field(gt=0, description="The price must be greater than zero") + tax: float | None = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item = Body(embed=True)): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001.py index 7ce0ae6f2..a73975b3a 100644 --- a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI, Path from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,17 +8,17 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None @app.put("/items/{item_id}") async def update_item( *, - item_id: int = Path(..., title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000), - q: Optional[str] = None, - item: Optional[Item] = None, + item_id: int = Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000), + q: Union[str, None] = None, + item: Union[Item, None] = None, ): results = {"item_id": item_id} if q: diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..308eee854 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Path +from pydantic import BaseModel +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000)], + q: Union[str, None] = None, + item: Union[Item, None] = None, +): + results = {"item_id": item_id} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + if item: + results.update({"item": item}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2d79c19c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Path +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000)], + q: str | None = None, + item: Item | None = None, +): + results = {"item_id": item_id} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + if item: + results.update({"item": item}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1c0ac3a7b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Path +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000)], + q: Union[str, None] = None, + item: Union[Item, None] = None, +): + results = {"item_id": item_id} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + if item: + results.update({"item": item}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_py310.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be0eba2ae --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial001_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Path +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + *, + item_id: int = Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000), + q: str | None = None, + item: Item | None = None, +): + results = {"item_id": item_id} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + if item: + results.update({"item": item}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002.py index 6b8748420..2d7160ae8 100644 --- a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None class User(BaseModel): username: str - full_name: Optional[str] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None @app.put("/items/{item_id}") diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002_py310.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2c4eb824c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial002_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + full_name: str | None = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item, user: User): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003.py index 7e9e24374..cf344e6c5 100644 --- a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003.py +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import Body, FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,19 +8,17 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None class User(BaseModel): username: str - full_name: Optional[str] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None @app.put("/items/{item_id}") -async def update_item( - item_id: int, item: Item, user: User, importance: int = Body(...) -): +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item, user: User, importance: int = Body()): results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user, "importance": importance} return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..39ef7340a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + full_name: Union[str, None] = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + item_id: int, item: Item, user: User, importance: Annotated[int, Body()] +): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user, "importance": importance} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an_py310.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..593ff893c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + full_name: str | None = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + item_id: int, item: Item, user: User, importance: Annotated[int, Body()] +): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user, "importance": importance} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an_py39.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..042351e0b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + full_name: Union[str, None] = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + item_id: int, item: Item, user: User, importance: Annotated[int, Body()] +): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user, "importance": importance} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_py310.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a1a75fe8e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial003_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + full_name: str | None = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item, user: User, importance: int = Body()): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user, "importance": importance} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004.py index 8dc0d374d..8ce4c7a97 100644 --- a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004.py +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import Body, FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None class User(BaseModel): username: str - full_name: Optional[str] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None @app.put("/items/{item_id}") @@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ async def update_item( item_id: int, item: Item, user: User, - importance: int = Body(..., gt=0), - q: Optional[str] = None + importance: int = Body(gt=0), + q: Union[str, None] = None, ): results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user, "importance": importance} if q: diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f6830f392 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + full_name: Union[str, None] = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + *, + item_id: int, + item: Item, + user: User, + importance: Annotated[int, Body(gt=0)], + q: Union[str, None] = None, +): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user, "importance": importance} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py310.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cd5c66fef --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + full_name: str | None = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + *, + item_id: int, + item: Item, + user: User, + importance: Annotated[int, Body(gt=0)], + q: str | None = None, +): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user, "importance": importance} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py39.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..567427c03 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + full_name: Union[str, None] = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + *, + item_id: int, + item: Item, + user: User, + importance: Annotated[int, Body(gt=0)], + q: Union[str, None] = None, +): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user, "importance": importance} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_py310.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..14acbc3b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + full_name: str | None = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + *, + item_id: int, + item: Item, + user: User, + importance: int = Body(gt=0), + q: str | None = None, +): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user, "importance": importance} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005.py index 4657b4144..29e6e14b7 100644 --- a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005.py +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import Body, FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None @app.put("/items/{item_id}") -async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item = Body(..., embed=True)): +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item = Body(embed=True)): results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dadde80b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Annotated[Item, Body(embed=True)]): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an_py310.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f97680ba0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Annotated[Item, Body(embed=True)]): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an_py39.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9a52425c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Annotated[Item, Body(embed=True)]): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_py310.py b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..06744507b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial005_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item = Body(embed=True)): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001.py index fe14fdf93..37ef6dda5 100644 --- a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None tags: list = [] diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001_py310.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d89be35d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial001_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + tags: list = [] + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py index 1770516a4..155cff788 100644 --- a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import List, Optional +from typing import List, Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None tags: List[str] = [] diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002_py310.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..71340e9fd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + tags: list[str] = [] + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002_py39.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8a93a7233 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: list[str] = [] + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003.py index 33dbbe3a9..84ed18bf4 100644 --- a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003.py +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional, Set +from typing import Set, Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None tags: Set[str] = set() diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003_py310.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..194f2dc23 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + tags: set[str] = set() + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003_py39.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b590ece36 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial003_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: set[str] = set() + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py index 6037b32b7..a07bfacac 100644 --- a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional, Set +from typing import Set, Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ class Image(BaseModel): class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None - tags: Set[str] = [] - image: Optional[Image] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: Set[str] = set() + image: Union[Image, None] = None @app.put("/items/{item_id}") diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py310.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e5dbf6e0b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Image(BaseModel): + url: str + name: str + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + tags: set[str] = set() + image: Image | None = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py39.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc2b175fb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial004_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Image(BaseModel): + url: str + name: str + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: set[str] = set() + image: Union[Image, None] = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005.py index e76498c3b..5a01264ed 100644 --- a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005.py +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional, Set +from typing import Set, Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl @@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ class Image(BaseModel): class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None tags: Set[str] = set() - image: Optional[Image] = None + image: Union[Image, None] = None @app.put("/items/{item_id}") diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py310.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..009628453 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Image(BaseModel): + url: HttpUrl + name: str + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + tags: set[str] = set() + image: Image | None = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py39.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..47db90008 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Image(BaseModel): + url: HttpUrl + name: str + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: set[str] = set() + image: Union[Image, None] = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006.py index da7836715..75f1f30e3 100644 --- a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006.py +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import List, Optional, Set +from typing import List, Set, Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl @@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ class Image(BaseModel): class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None tags: Set[str] = set() - images: Optional[List[Image]] = None + images: Union[List[Image], None] = None @app.put("/items/{item_id}") diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006_py310.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c87cda3c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Image(BaseModel): + url: HttpUrl + name: str + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + tags: set[str] = set() + images: list[Image] | None = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006_py39.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b14409703 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Image(BaseModel): + url: HttpUrl + name: str + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: set[str] = set() + images: Union[list[Image], None] = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007.py index dfbbeaab1..641f09dce 100644 --- a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007.py +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import List, Optional, Set +from typing import List, Set, Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl @@ -13,16 +13,16 @@ class Image(BaseModel): class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None tags: Set[str] = set() - images: Optional[List[Image]] = None + images: Union[List[Image], None] = None class Offer(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float items: List[Item] diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007_py310.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..665ac56e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Image(BaseModel): + url: HttpUrl + name: str + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + tags: set[str] = set() + images: list[Image] | None = None + + +class Offer(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + items: list[Item] + + +@app.post("/offers/") +async def create_offer(offer: Offer): + return offer diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007_py39.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..59cf01e23 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Image(BaseModel): + url: HttpUrl + name: str + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: set[str] = set() + images: Union[list[Image], None] = None + + +class Offer(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + items: list[Item] + + +@app.post("/offers/") +async def create_offer(offer: Offer): + return offer diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial008_py39.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial008_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..854a7a5a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial008_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Image(BaseModel): + url: HttpUrl + name: str + + +@app.post("/images/multiple/") +async def create_multiple_images(images: list[Image]): + return images diff --git a/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009_py39.py b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..59c1e5082 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial009_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/index-weights/") +async def create_index_weights(weights: dict[int, float]): + return weights diff --git a/docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001.py index 9b8f3ccf1..4e65d77e2 100644 --- a/docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import List, Optional +from typing import List, Union from fastapi import FastAPI from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): - name: Optional[str] = None - description: Optional[str] = None - price: Optional[float] = None + name: Union[str, None] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: Union[float, None] = None tax: float = 10.5 tags: List[str] = [] diff --git a/docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001_py310.py b/docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d275d7f84 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str | None = None + description: str | None = None + price: float | None = None + tax: float = 10.5 + tags: list[str] = [] + + +items = { + "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2}, + "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2}, + "baz": {"name": "Baz", "description": None, "price": 50.2, "tax": 10.5, "tags": []}, +} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item) +async def read_item(item_id: str): + return items[item_id] + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item) +async def update_item(item_id: str, item: Item): + update_item_encoded = jsonable_encoder(item) + items[item_id] = update_item_encoded + return update_item_encoded diff --git a/docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001_py39.py b/docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..999bcdb82 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_updates/tutorial001_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: Union[str, None] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: Union[float, None] = None + tax: float = 10.5 + tags: list[str] = [] + + +items = { + "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2}, + "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2}, + "baz": {"name": "Baz", "description": None, "price": 50.2, "tax": 10.5, "tags": []}, +} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item) +async def read_item(item_id: str): + return items[item_id] + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item) +async def update_item(item_id: str, item: Item): + update_item_encoded = jsonable_encoder(item) + items[item_id] = update_item_encoded + return update_item_encoded diff --git a/docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py index 46d27e67e..c3a0fe79e 100644 --- a/docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import List, Optional +from typing import List, Union from fastapi import FastAPI from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): - name: Optional[str] = None - description: Optional[str] = None - price: Optional[float] = None + name: Union[str, None] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: Union[float, None] = None tax: float = 10.5 tags: List[str] = [] diff --git a/docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py310.py b/docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..349841496 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str | None = None + description: str | None = None + price: float | None = None + tax: float = 10.5 + tags: list[str] = [] + + +items = { + "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2}, + "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2}, + "baz": {"name": "Baz", "description": None, "price": 50.2, "tax": 10.5, "tags": []}, +} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item) +async def read_item(item_id: str): + return items[item_id] + + +@app.patch("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item) +async def update_item(item_id: str, item: Item): + stored_item_data = items[item_id] + stored_item_model = Item(**stored_item_data) + update_data = item.dict(exclude_unset=True) + updated_item = stored_item_model.copy(update=update_data) + items[item_id] = jsonable_encoder(updated_item) + return updated_item diff --git a/docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py39.py b/docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eb35b3521 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: Union[str, None] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: Union[float, None] = None + tax: float = 10.5 + tags: list[str] = [] + + +items = { + "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2}, + "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2}, + "baz": {"name": "Baz", "description": None, "price": 50.2, "tax": 10.5, "tags": []}, +} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item) +async def read_item(item_id: str): + return items[item_id] + + +@app.patch("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item) +async def update_item(item_id: str, item: Item): + stored_item_data = items[item_id] + stored_item_model = Item(**stored_item_data) + update_data = item.dict(exclude_unset=True) + updated_item = stored_item_model.copy(update=update_data) + items[item_id] = jsonable_encoder(updated_item) + return updated_item diff --git a/docs_src/conditional_openapi/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/conditional_openapi/tutorial001.py index 717e723e8..eedb0d274 100644 --- a/docs_src/conditional_openapi/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/conditional_openapi/tutorial001.py @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ from fastapi import FastAPI -from pydantic import BaseSettings +from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings class Settings(BaseSettings): diff --git a/docs_src/configure_swagger_ui/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/configure_swagger_ui/tutorial001.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c24ce758 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/configure_swagger_ui/tutorial001.py @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI(swagger_ui_parameters={"syntaxHighlight": False}) + + +@app.get("/users/{username}") +async def read_user(username: str): + return {"message": f"Hello {username}"} diff --git a/docs_src/configure_swagger_ui/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/configure_swagger_ui/tutorial002.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc569ce45 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/configure_swagger_ui/tutorial002.py @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI(swagger_ui_parameters={"syntaxHighlight.theme": "obsidian"}) + + +@app.get("/users/{username}") +async def read_user(username: str): + return {"message": f"Hello {username}"} diff --git a/docs_src/configure_swagger_ui/tutorial003.py b/docs_src/configure_swagger_ui/tutorial003.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b4449f5c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/configure_swagger_ui/tutorial003.py @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI(swagger_ui_parameters={"deepLinking": False}) + + +@app.get("/users/{username}") +async def read_user(username: str): + return {"message": f"Hello {username}"} diff --git a/docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py index 67d03b133..c4a497fda 100644 --- a/docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI @@ -6,5 +6,5 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/") -async def read_items(ads_id: Optional[str] = Cookie(None)): +async def read_items(ads_id: Union[str, None] = Cookie(default=None)): return {"ads_id": ads_id} diff --git a/docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an.py b/docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6d5931229 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(ads_id: Annotated[Union[str, None], Cookie()] = None): + return {"ads_id": ads_id} diff --git a/docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py b/docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..69ac683fe --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(ads_id: Annotated[str | None, Cookie()] = None): + return {"ads_id": ads_id} diff --git a/docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py b/docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e18d0a332 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(ads_id: Annotated[Union[str, None], Cookie()] = None): + return {"ads_id": ads_id} diff --git a/docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_py310.py b/docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c9d5f9a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(ads_id: str | None = Cookie(default=None)): + return {"ads_id": ads_id} diff --git a/docs_src/custom_docs_ui/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/custom_docs_ui/tutorial001.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4384433e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/custom_docs_ui/tutorial001.py @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from fastapi.openapi.docs import ( + get_redoc_html, + get_swagger_ui_html, + get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html, +) + +app = FastAPI(docs_url=None, redoc_url=None) + + +@app.get("/docs", include_in_schema=False) +async def custom_swagger_ui_html(): + return get_swagger_ui_html( + openapi_url=app.openapi_url, + title=app.title + " - Swagger UI", + oauth2_redirect_url=app.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url, + swagger_js_url="https://unpkg.com/swagger-ui-dist@5.9.0/swagger-ui-bundle.js", + swagger_css_url="https://unpkg.com/swagger-ui-dist@5.9.0/swagger-ui.css", + ) + + +@app.get(app.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url, include_in_schema=False) +async def swagger_ui_redirect(): + return get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html() + + +@app.get("/redoc", include_in_schema=False) +async def redoc_html(): + return get_redoc_html( + openapi_url=app.openapi_url, + title=app.title + " - ReDoc", + redoc_js_url="https://unpkg.com/redoc@next/bundles/redoc.standalone.js", + ) + + +@app.get("/users/{username}") +async def read_user(username: str): + return {"message": f"Hello {username}"} diff --git a/docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/custom_docs_ui/tutorial002.py similarity index 100% rename from docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial002.py rename to docs_src/custom_docs_ui/tutorial002.py diff --git a/docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py index 2e64ad45d..268ce9019 100644 --- a/docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py @@ -31,5 +31,5 @@ app.router.route_class = GzipRoute @app.post("/sum") -async def sum_numbers(numbers: List[int] = Body(...)): +async def sum_numbers(numbers: List[int] = Body()): return {"sum": sum(numbers)} diff --git a/docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial002.py index f4c093ac9..cee4a95f0 100644 --- a/docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial002.py @@ -25,5 +25,5 @@ app.router.route_class = ValidationErrorLoggingRoute @app.post("/") -async def sum_numbers(numbers: List[int] = Body(...)): +async def sum_numbers(numbers: List[int] = Body()): return sum(numbers) diff --git a/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py b/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py index e98460372..95e6ca763 100644 --- a/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py +++ b/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py @@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/", response_class=ORJSONResponse) async def read_items(): - return [{"item_id": "Foo"}] + return ORJSONResponse([{"item_id": "Foo"}]) diff --git a/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009c.py b/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009c.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de6b6688e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/custom_response/tutorial009c.py @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +from typing import Any + +import orjson +from fastapi import FastAPI, Response + +app = FastAPI() + + +class CustomORJSONResponse(Response): + media_type = "application/json" + + def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes: + assert orjson is not None, "orjson must be installed" + return orjson.dumps(content, option=orjson.OPT_INDENT_2) + + +@app.get("/", response_class=CustomORJSONResponse) +async def main(): + return {"message": "Hello World"} diff --git a/docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial001.py index 43015eb27..2954c391f 100644 --- a/docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial001.py @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ from fastapi import FastAPI class Item: name: str price: float - description: Optional[str] = None - tax: Optional[float] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None app = FastAPI() diff --git a/docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial002.py index aaa7b8799..08a238080 100644 --- a/docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial002.py @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass, field -from typing import List, Optional +from typing import List, Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ class Item: name: str price: float tags: List[str] = field(default_factory=list) - description: Optional[str] = None - tax: Optional[float] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None app = FastAPI() diff --git a/docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial003.py b/docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial003.py index 2c1fccdd7..34ce1199e 100644 --- a/docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial003.py +++ b/docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial003.py @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ from dataclasses import field # (1) -from typing import List, Optional +from typing import List, Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic.dataclasses import dataclass # (2) @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from pydantic.dataclasses import dataclass # (2) @dataclass class Item: name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None @dataclass diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py index a9da971dc..b1275103a 100644 --- a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py @@ -1,11 +1,13 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI app = FastAPI() -async def common_parameters(q: Optional[str] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): +async def common_parameters( + q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100 +): return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit} diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_02_an.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_02_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..455d60c82 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_02_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +async def common_parameters( + q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100 +): + return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit} + + +CommonsDep = Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)] + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: CommonsDep): + return commons + + +@app.get("/users/") +async def read_users(commons: CommonsDep): + return commons diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_02_an_py310.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_02_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f59637bb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_02_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +async def common_parameters(q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit} + + +CommonsDep = Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)] + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: CommonsDep): + return commons + + +@app.get("/users/") +async def read_users(commons: CommonsDep): + return commons diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_02_an_py39.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_02_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..df969ae9c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_02_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +async def common_parameters( + q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100 +): + return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit} + + +CommonsDep = Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)] + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: CommonsDep): + return commons + + +@app.get("/users/") +async def read_users(commons: CommonsDep): + return commons diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..81e24fe86 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +async def common_parameters( + q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100 +): + return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit} + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]): + return commons + + +@app.get("/users/") +async def read_users(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]): + return commons diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py310.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f2e57ae7b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +async def common_parameters(q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit} + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]): + return commons + + +@app.get("/users/") +async def read_users(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]): + return commons diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py39.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d9fe6ddf --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +async def common_parameters( + q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100 +): + return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit} + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]): + return commons + + +@app.get("/users/") +async def read_users(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]): + return commons diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..662af9b1b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +async def common_parameters(q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit} + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)): + return commons + + +@app.get("/users/") +async def read_users(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)): + return commons diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py index 458f6b5bb..8e863e4fa 100644 --- a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz" class CommonQueryParams: - def __init__(self, q: Optional[str] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + def __init__(self, q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): self.q = q self.skip = skip self.limit = limit diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..964ccf66c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}] + + +class CommonQueryParams: + def __init__(self, q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + self.q = q + self.skip = skip + self.limit = limit + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: Annotated[CommonQueryParams, Depends(CommonQueryParams)]): + response = {} + if commons.q: + response.update({"q": commons.q}) + items = fake_items_db[commons.skip : commons.skip + commons.limit] + response.update({"items": items}) + return response diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an_py310.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..077726312 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}] + + +class CommonQueryParams: + def __init__(self, q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + self.q = q + self.skip = skip + self.limit = limit + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: Annotated[CommonQueryParams, Depends(CommonQueryParams)]): + response = {} + if commons.q: + response.update({"q": commons.q}) + items = fake_items_db[commons.skip : commons.skip + commons.limit] + response.update({"items": items}) + return response diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an_py39.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..844a23c5a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}] + + +class CommonQueryParams: + def __init__(self, q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + self.q = q + self.skip = skip + self.limit = limit + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: Annotated[CommonQueryParams, Depends(CommonQueryParams)]): + response = {} + if commons.q: + response.update({"q": commons.q}) + items = fake_items_db[commons.skip : commons.skip + commons.limit] + response.update({"items": items}) + return response diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..23c048ab9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial002_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}] + + +class CommonQueryParams: + def __init__(self, q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + self.q = q + self.skip = skip + self.limit = limit + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends(CommonQueryParams)): + response = {} + if commons.q: + response.update({"q": commons.q}) + items = fake_items_db[commons.skip : commons.skip + commons.limit] + response.update({"items": items}) + return response diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003.py index 3f3e940f8..34614e539 100644 --- a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003.py +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz" class CommonQueryParams: - def __init__(self, q: Optional[str] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + def __init__(self, q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): self.q = q self.skip = skip self.limit = limit diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_an.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba8e9f717 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from typing import Any, Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}] + + +class CommonQueryParams: + def __init__(self, q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + self.q = q + self.skip = skip + self.limit = limit + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: Annotated[Any, Depends(CommonQueryParams)]): + response = {} + if commons.q: + response.update({"q": commons.q}) + items = fake_items_db[commons.skip : commons.skip + commons.limit] + response.update({"items": items}) + return response diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_an_py310.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44116989b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Any + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}] + + +class CommonQueryParams: + def __init__(self, q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + self.q = q + self.skip = skip + self.limit = limit + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: Annotated[Any, Depends(CommonQueryParams)]): + response = {} + if commons.q: + response.update({"q": commons.q}) + items = fake_items_db[commons.skip : commons.skip + commons.limit] + response.update({"items": items}) + return response diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_an_py39.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9e9123ad2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Any, Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}] + + +class CommonQueryParams: + def __init__(self, q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + self.q = q + self.skip = skip + self.limit = limit + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: Annotated[Any, Depends(CommonQueryParams)]): + response = {} + if commons.q: + response.update({"q": commons.q}) + items = fake_items_db[commons.skip : commons.skip + commons.limit] + response.update({"items": items}) + return response diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_py310.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..10d3771c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial003_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}] + + +class CommonQueryParams: + def __init__(self, q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + self.q = q + self.skip = skip + self.limit = limit + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons=Depends(CommonQueryParams)): + response = {} + if commons.q: + response.update({"q": commons.q}) + items = fake_items_db[commons.skip : commons.skip + commons.limit] + response.update({"items": items}) + return response diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004.py index daa7b4670..d9fe88148 100644 --- a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004.py +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz" class CommonQueryParams: - def __init__(self, q: Optional[str] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + def __init__(self, q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): self.q = q self.skip = skip self.limit = limit diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_an.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..78881a354 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}] + + +class CommonQueryParams: + def __init__(self, q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + self.q = q + self.skip = skip + self.limit = limit + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: Annotated[CommonQueryParams, Depends()]): + response = {} + if commons.q: + response.update({"q": commons.q}) + items = fake_items_db[commons.skip : commons.skip + commons.limit] + response.update({"items": items}) + return response diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_an_py310.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2c009efcc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}] + + +class CommonQueryParams: + def __init__(self, q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + self.q = q + self.skip = skip + self.limit = limit + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: Annotated[CommonQueryParams, Depends()]): + response = {} + if commons.q: + response.update({"q": commons.q}) + items = fake_items_db[commons.skip : commons.skip + commons.limit] + response.update({"items": items}) + return response diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_an_py39.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..74268626b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}] + + +class CommonQueryParams: + def __init__(self, q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + self.q = q + self.skip = skip + self.limit = limit + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: Annotated[CommonQueryParams, Depends()]): + response = {} + if commons.q: + response.update({"q": commons.q}) + items = fake_items_db[commons.skip : commons.skip + commons.limit] + response.update({"items": items}) + return response diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_py310.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5245bb0f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +fake_items_db = [{"item_name": "Foo"}, {"item_name": "Bar"}, {"item_name": "Baz"}] + + +class CommonQueryParams: + def __init__(self, q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + self.q = q + self.skip = skip + self.limit = limit + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: CommonQueryParams = Depends()): + response = {} + if commons.q: + response.update({"q": commons.q}) + items = fake_items_db[commons.skip : commons.skip + commons.limit] + response.update({"items": items}) + return response diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005.py index c8923d143..697332b5b 100644 --- a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005.py +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005.py @@ -1,16 +1,17 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import Cookie, Depends, FastAPI app = FastAPI() -def query_extractor(q: Optional[str] = None): +def query_extractor(q: Union[str, None] = None): return q def query_or_cookie_extractor( - q: str = Depends(query_extractor), last_query: Optional[str] = Cookie(None) + q: str = Depends(query_extractor), + last_query: Union[str, None] = Cookie(default=None), ): if not q: return last_query diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6785099da --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import Cookie, Depends, FastAPI +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +def query_extractor(q: Union[str, None] = None): + return q + + +def query_or_cookie_extractor( + q: Annotated[str, Depends(query_extractor)], + last_query: Annotated[Union[str, None], Cookie()] = None, +): + if not q: + return last_query + return q + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_query( + query_or_default: Annotated[str, Depends(query_or_cookie_extractor)] +): + return {"q_or_cookie": query_or_default} diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an_py310.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c0aa0b36 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Cookie, Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +def query_extractor(q: str | None = None): + return q + + +def query_or_cookie_extractor( + q: Annotated[str, Depends(query_extractor)], + last_query: Annotated[str | None, Cookie()] = None, +): + if not q: + return last_query + return q + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_query( + query_or_default: Annotated[str, Depends(query_or_cookie_extractor)] +): + return {"q_or_cookie": query_or_default} diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an_py39.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e8887e162 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import Cookie, Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +def query_extractor(q: Union[str, None] = None): + return q + + +def query_or_cookie_extractor( + q: Annotated[str, Depends(query_extractor)], + last_query: Annotated[Union[str, None], Cookie()] = None, +): + if not q: + return last_query + return q + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_query( + query_or_default: Annotated[str, Depends(query_or_cookie_extractor)] +): + return {"q_or_cookie": query_or_default} diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_py310.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..247cdabe2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +from fastapi import Cookie, Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +def query_extractor(q: str | None = None): + return q + + +def query_or_cookie_extractor( + q: str = Depends(query_extractor), last_query: str | None = Cookie(default=None) +): + if not q: + return last_query + return q + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_query(query_or_default: str = Depends(query_or_cookie_extractor)): + return {"q_or_cookie": query_or_default} diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006.py index a71d7cce6..9aff4154f 100644 --- a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006.py +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006.py @@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Header, HTTPException app = FastAPI() -async def verify_token(x_token: str = Header(...)): +async def verify_token(x_token: str = Header()): if x_token != "fake-super-secret-token": raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Token header invalid") -async def verify_key(x_key: str = Header(...)): +async def verify_key(x_key: str = Header()): if x_key != "fake-super-secret-key": raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Key header invalid") return x_key diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006_an.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5aaea04d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Header, HTTPException +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +async def verify_token(x_token: Annotated[str, Header()]): + if x_token != "fake-super-secret-token": + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Token header invalid") + + +async def verify_key(x_key: Annotated[str, Header()]): + if x_key != "fake-super-secret-key": + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Key header invalid") + return x_key + + +@app.get("/items/", dependencies=[Depends(verify_token), Depends(verify_key)]) +async def read_items(): + return [{"item": "Foo"}, {"item": "Bar"}] diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006_an_py39.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..11976ed6a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial006_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Header, HTTPException + +app = FastAPI() + + +async def verify_token(x_token: Annotated[str, Header()]): + if x_token != "fake-super-secret-token": + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Token header invalid") + + +async def verify_key(x_key: Annotated[str, Header()]): + if x_key != "fake-super-secret-key": + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Key header invalid") + return x_key + + +@app.get("/items/", dependencies=[Depends(verify_token), Depends(verify_key)]) +async def read_items(): + return [{"item": "Foo"}, {"item": "Bar"}] diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_an.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2de86f042 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from fastapi import Depends +from typing_extensions import Annotated + + +async def dependency_a(): + dep_a = generate_dep_a() + try: + yield dep_a + finally: + dep_a.close() + + +async def dependency_b(dep_a: Annotated[DepA, Depends(dependency_a)]): + dep_b = generate_dep_b() + try: + yield dep_b + finally: + dep_b.close(dep_a) + + +async def dependency_c(dep_b: Annotated[DepB, Depends(dependency_b)]): + dep_c = generate_dep_c() + try: + yield dep_c + finally: + dep_c.close(dep_b) diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_an_py39.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..acc804c32 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Depends + + +async def dependency_a(): + dep_a = generate_dep_a() + try: + yield dep_a + finally: + dep_a.close() + + +async def dependency_b(dep_a: Annotated[DepA, Depends(dependency_a)]): + dep_b = generate_dep_b() + try: + yield dep_b + finally: + dep_b.close(dep_a) + + +async def dependency_c(dep_b: Annotated[DepB, Depends(dependency_b)]): + dep_c = generate_dep_c() + try: + yield dep_c + finally: + dep_c.close(dep_b) diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008b.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008b.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..163e96600 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008b.py @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException + +app = FastAPI() + + +data = { + "plumbus": {"description": "Freshly pickled plumbus", "owner": "Morty"}, + "portal-gun": {"description": "Gun to create portals", "owner": "Rick"}, +} + + +class OwnerError(Exception): + pass + + +def get_username(): + try: + yield "Rick" + except OwnerError as e: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=f"Owner error: {e}") + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def get_item(item_id: str, username: str = Depends(get_username)): + if item_id not in data: + raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found") + item = data[item_id] + if item["owner"] != username: + raise OwnerError(username) + return item diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008b_an.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008b_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..84d8f12c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008b_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +data = { + "plumbus": {"description": "Freshly pickled plumbus", "owner": "Morty"}, + "portal-gun": {"description": "Gun to create portals", "owner": "Rick"}, +} + + +class OwnerError(Exception): + pass + + +def get_username(): + try: + yield "Rick" + except OwnerError as e: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=f"Owner error: {e}") + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def get_item(item_id: str, username: Annotated[str, Depends(get_username)]): + if item_id not in data: + raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found") + item = data[item_id] + if item["owner"] != username: + raise OwnerError(username) + return item diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008b_an_py39.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008b_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3b8434c81 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008b_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException + +app = FastAPI() + + +data = { + "plumbus": {"description": "Freshly pickled plumbus", "owner": "Morty"}, + "portal-gun": {"description": "Gun to create portals", "owner": "Rick"}, +} + + +class OwnerError(Exception): + pass + + +def get_username(): + try: + yield "Rick" + except OwnerError as e: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=f"Owner error: {e}") + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +def get_item(item_id: str, username: Annotated[str, Depends(get_username)]): + if item_id not in data: + raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found") + item = data[item_id] + if item["owner"] != username: + raise OwnerError(username) + return item diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c13d9033 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +class FixedContentQueryChecker: + def __init__(self, fixed_content: str): + self.fixed_content = fixed_content + + def __call__(self, q: str = ""): + if q: + return self.fixed_content in q + return False + + +checker = FixedContentQueryChecker("bar") + + +@app.get("/query-checker/") +async def read_query_check(fixed_content_included: Annotated[bool, Depends(checker)]): + return {"fixed_content_in_query": fixed_content_included} diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an_py39.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..68b7434ec --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial011_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +class FixedContentQueryChecker: + def __init__(self, fixed_content: str): + self.fixed_content = fixed_content + + def __call__(self, q: str = ""): + if q: + return self.fixed_content in q + return False + + +checker = FixedContentQueryChecker("bar") + + +@app.get("/query-checker/") +async def read_query_check(fixed_content_included: Annotated[bool, Depends(checker)]): + return {"fixed_content_in_query": fixed_content_included} diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012.py index 8f8868a55..36ce6c711 100644 --- a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012.py +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012.py @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Header, HTTPException -async def verify_token(x_token: str = Header(...)): +async def verify_token(x_token: str = Header()): if x_token != "fake-super-secret-token": raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Token header invalid") -async def verify_key(x_key: str = Header(...)): +async def verify_key(x_key: str = Header()): if x_key != "fake-super-secret-key": raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Key header invalid") return x_key diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012_an.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7541e6bf4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Header, HTTPException +from typing_extensions import Annotated + + +async def verify_token(x_token: Annotated[str, Header()]): + if x_token != "fake-super-secret-token": + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Token header invalid") + + +async def verify_key(x_key: Annotated[str, Header()]): + if x_key != "fake-super-secret-key": + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Key header invalid") + return x_key + + +app = FastAPI(dependencies=[Depends(verify_token), Depends(verify_key)]) + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(): + return [{"item": "Portal Gun"}, {"item": "Plumbus"}] + + +@app.get("/users/") +async def read_users(): + return [{"username": "Rick"}, {"username": "Morty"}] diff --git a/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012_an_py39.py b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7541e6bf4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependencies/tutorial012_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Header, HTTPException +from typing_extensions import Annotated + + +async def verify_token(x_token: Annotated[str, Header()]): + if x_token != "fake-super-secret-token": + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Token header invalid") + + +async def verify_key(x_key: Annotated[str, Header()]): + if x_key != "fake-super-secret-key": + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="X-Key header invalid") + return x_key + + +app = FastAPI(dependencies=[Depends(verify_token), Depends(verify_key)]) + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(): + return [{"item": "Portal Gun"}, {"item": "Plumbus"}] + + +@app.get("/users/") +async def read_users(): + return [{"username": "Rick"}, {"username": "Morty"}] diff --git a/docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001.py index 237d3b231..a5fe1d9bf 100644 --- a/docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI from fastapi.testclient import TestClient @@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ from fastapi.testclient import TestClient app = FastAPI() -async def common_parameters(q: Optional[str] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): +async def common_parameters( + q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100 +): return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit} @@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ async def read_users(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)): client = TestClient(app) -async def override_dependency(q: Optional[str] = None): +async def override_dependency(q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"q": q, "skip": 5, "limit": 10} diff --git a/docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_an.py b/docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c76a87ff --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +async def common_parameters( + q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100 +): + return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit} + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]): + return {"message": "Hello Items!", "params": commons} + + +@app.get("/users/") +async def read_users(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]): + return {"message": "Hello Users!", "params": commons} + + +client = TestClient(app) + + +async def override_dependency(q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"q": q, "skip": 5, "limit": 10} + + +app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = override_dependency + + +def test_override_in_items(): + response = client.get("/items/") + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == { + "message": "Hello Items!", + "params": {"q": None, "skip": 5, "limit": 10}, + } + + +def test_override_in_items_with_q(): + response = client.get("/items/?q=foo") + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == { + "message": "Hello Items!", + "params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10}, + } + + +def test_override_in_items_with_params(): + response = client.get("/items/?q=foo&skip=100&limit=200") + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == { + "message": "Hello Items!", + "params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10}, + } diff --git a/docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_an_py310.py b/docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f866e7a1b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +app = FastAPI() + + +async def common_parameters(q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit} + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]): + return {"message": "Hello Items!", "params": commons} + + +@app.get("/users/") +async def read_users(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]): + return {"message": "Hello Users!", "params": commons} + + +client = TestClient(app) + + +async def override_dependency(q: str | None = None): + return {"q": q, "skip": 5, "limit": 10} + + +app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = override_dependency + + +def test_override_in_items(): + response = client.get("/items/") + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == { + "message": "Hello Items!", + "params": {"q": None, "skip": 5, "limit": 10}, + } + + +def test_override_in_items_with_q(): + response = client.get("/items/?q=foo") + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == { + "message": "Hello Items!", + "params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10}, + } + + +def test_override_in_items_with_params(): + response = client.get("/items/?q=foo&skip=100&limit=200") + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == { + "message": "Hello Items!", + "params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10}, + } diff --git a/docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_an_py39.py b/docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bccb0cdb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +app = FastAPI() + + +async def common_parameters( + q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100 +): + return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit} + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]): + return {"message": "Hello Items!", "params": commons} + + +@app.get("/users/") +async def read_users(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]): + return {"message": "Hello Users!", "params": commons} + + +client = TestClient(app) + + +async def override_dependency(q: Union[str, None] = None): + return {"q": q, "skip": 5, "limit": 10} + + +app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = override_dependency + + +def test_override_in_items(): + response = client.get("/items/") + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == { + "message": "Hello Items!", + "params": {"q": None, "skip": 5, "limit": 10}, + } + + +def test_override_in_items_with_q(): + response = client.get("/items/?q=foo") + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == { + "message": "Hello Items!", + "params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10}, + } + + +def test_override_in_items_with_params(): + response = client.get("/items/?q=foo&skip=100&limit=200") + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == { + "message": "Hello Items!", + "params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10}, + } diff --git a/docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_py310.py b/docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1f6d4374 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/dependency_testing/tutorial001_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +app = FastAPI() + + +async def common_parameters(q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit} + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)): + return {"message": "Hello Items!", "params": commons} + + +@app.get("/users/") +async def read_users(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)): + return {"message": "Hello Users!", "params": commons} + + +client = TestClient(app) + + +async def override_dependency(q: str | None = None): + return {"q": q, "skip": 5, "limit": 10} + + +app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = override_dependency + + +def test_override_in_items(): + response = client.get("/items/") + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == { + "message": "Hello Items!", + "params": {"q": None, "skip": 5, "limit": 10}, + } + + +def test_override_in_items_with_q(): + response = client.get("/items/?q=foo") + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == { + "message": "Hello Items!", + "params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10}, + } + + +def test_override_in_items_with_params(): + response = client.get("/items/?q=foo&skip=100&limit=200") + assert response.status_code == 200 + assert response.json() == { + "message": "Hello Items!", + "params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10}, + } diff --git a/docs_src/encoder/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/encoder/tutorial001.py index a918fdd64..5f7e7061e 100644 --- a/docs_src/encoder/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/encoder/tutorial001.py @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ from datetime import datetime -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ fake_db = {} class Item(BaseModel): title: str timestamp: datetime - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None app = FastAPI() diff --git a/docs_src/encoder/tutorial001_py310.py b/docs_src/encoder/tutorial001_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5baf13628 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/encoder/tutorial001_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +from datetime import datetime + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder +from pydantic import BaseModel + +fake_db = {} + + +class Item(BaseModel): + title: str + timestamp: datetime + description: str | None = None + + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.put("/items/{id}") +def update_item(id: str, item: Item): + json_compatible_item_data = jsonable_encoder(item) + fake_db[id] = json_compatible_item_data diff --git a/docs_src/events/tutorial003.py b/docs_src/events/tutorial003.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2b650590b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/events/tutorial003.py @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +from contextlib import asynccontextmanager + +from fastapi import FastAPI + + +def fake_answer_to_everything_ml_model(x: float): + return x * 42 + + +ml_models = {} + + +@asynccontextmanager +async def lifespan(app: FastAPI): + # Load the ML model + ml_models["answer_to_everything"] = fake_answer_to_everything_ml_model + yield + # Clean up the ML models and release the resources + ml_models.clear() + + +app = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan) + + +@app.get("/predict") +async def predict(x: float): + result = ml_models["answer_to_everything"](x) + return {"result": result} diff --git a/docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py index 561e95898..35e31c0e0 100644 --- a/docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/extending_openapi/tutorial001.py @@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ def custom_openapi(): openapi_schema = get_openapi( title="Custom title", version="2.5.0", - description="This is a very custom OpenAPI schema", + summary="This is a very custom OpenAPI schema", + description="Here's a longer description of the custom **OpenAPI** schema", routes=app.routes, ) openapi_schema["info"]["x-logo"] = { diff --git a/docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py index e8d7e1ea3..8ae8472a7 100644 --- a/docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001.py @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ from datetime import datetime, time, timedelta -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from uuid import UUID from fastapi import Body, FastAPI @@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.put("/items/{item_id}") async def read_items( item_id: UUID, - start_datetime: Optional[datetime] = Body(None), - end_datetime: Optional[datetime] = Body(None), - repeat_at: Optional[time] = Body(None), - process_after: Optional[timedelta] = Body(None), + start_datetime: Union[datetime, None] = Body(default=None), + end_datetime: Union[datetime, None] = Body(default=None), + repeat_at: Union[time, None] = Body(default=None), + process_after: Union[timedelta, None] = Body(default=None), ): start_process = start_datetime + process_after duration = end_datetime - start_process diff --git a/docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an.py b/docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a4c074241 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +from datetime import datetime, time, timedelta +from typing import Union +from uuid import UUID + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_items( + item_id: UUID, + start_datetime: Annotated[Union[datetime, None], Body()] = None, + end_datetime: Annotated[Union[datetime, None], Body()] = None, + repeat_at: Annotated[Union[time, None], Body()] = None, + process_after: Annotated[Union[timedelta, None], Body()] = None, +): + start_process = start_datetime + process_after + duration = end_datetime - start_process + return { + "item_id": item_id, + "start_datetime": start_datetime, + "end_datetime": end_datetime, + "repeat_at": repeat_at, + "process_after": process_after, + "start_process": start_process, + "duration": duration, + } diff --git a/docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an_py310.py b/docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4f69c40d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +from datetime import datetime, time, timedelta +from typing import Annotated +from uuid import UUID + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_items( + item_id: UUID, + start_datetime: Annotated[datetime | None, Body()] = None, + end_datetime: Annotated[datetime | None, Body()] = None, + repeat_at: Annotated[time | None, Body()] = None, + process_after: Annotated[timedelta | None, Body()] = None, +): + start_process = start_datetime + process_after + duration = end_datetime - start_process + return { + "item_id": item_id, + "start_datetime": start_datetime, + "end_datetime": end_datetime, + "repeat_at": repeat_at, + "process_after": process_after, + "start_process": start_process, + "duration": duration, + } diff --git a/docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an_py39.py b/docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..630d36ae3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +from datetime import datetime, time, timedelta +from typing import Annotated, Union +from uuid import UUID + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_items( + item_id: UUID, + start_datetime: Annotated[Union[datetime, None], Body()] = None, + end_datetime: Annotated[Union[datetime, None], Body()] = None, + repeat_at: Annotated[Union[time, None], Body()] = None, + process_after: Annotated[Union[timedelta, None], Body()] = None, +): + start_process = start_datetime + process_after + duration = end_datetime - start_process + return { + "item_id": item_id, + "start_datetime": start_datetime, + "end_datetime": end_datetime, + "repeat_at": repeat_at, + "process_after": process_after, + "start_process": start_process, + "duration": duration, + } diff --git a/docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_py310.py b/docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d22f81888 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +from datetime import datetime, time, timedelta +from uuid import UUID + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_items( + item_id: UUID, + start_datetime: datetime | None = Body(default=None), + end_datetime: datetime | None = Body(default=None), + repeat_at: time | None = Body(default=None), + process_after: timedelta | None = Body(default=None), +): + start_process = start_datetime + process_after + duration = end_datetime - start_process + return { + "item_id": item_id, + "start_datetime": start_datetime, + "end_datetime": end_datetime, + "repeat_at": repeat_at, + "process_after": process_after, + "start_process": start_process, + "duration": duration, + } diff --git a/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001.py index e95844f60..4be56cd2a 100644 --- a/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr @@ -10,20 +10,20 @@ class UserIn(BaseModel): username: str password: str email: EmailStr - full_name: Optional[str] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None class UserOut(BaseModel): username: str email: EmailStr - full_name: Optional[str] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None class UserInDB(BaseModel): username: str hashed_password: str email: EmailStr - full_name: Optional[str] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None def fake_password_hasher(raw_password: str): diff --git a/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001_py310.py b/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..669386ae6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr + +app = FastAPI() + + +class UserIn(BaseModel): + username: str + password: str + email: EmailStr + full_name: str | None = None + + +class UserOut(BaseModel): + username: str + email: EmailStr + full_name: str | None = None + + +class UserInDB(BaseModel): + username: str + hashed_password: str + email: EmailStr + full_name: str | None = None + + +def fake_password_hasher(raw_password: str): + return "supersecret" + raw_password + + +def fake_save_user(user_in: UserIn): + hashed_password = fake_password_hasher(user_in.password) + user_in_db = UserInDB(**user_in.dict(), hashed_password=hashed_password) + print("User saved! ..not really") + return user_in_db + + +@app.post("/user/", response_model=UserOut) +async def create_user(user_in: UserIn): + user_saved = fake_save_user(user_in) + return user_saved diff --git a/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002.py index 5bc6e707f..70fa16441 100644 --- a/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ app = FastAPI() class UserBase(BaseModel): username: str email: EmailStr - full_name: Optional[str] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None class UserIn(UserBase): diff --git a/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002_py310.py b/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5b8ed7de3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial002_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr + +app = FastAPI() + + +class UserBase(BaseModel): + username: str + email: EmailStr + full_name: str | None = None + + +class UserIn(UserBase): + password: str + + +class UserOut(UserBase): + pass + + +class UserInDB(UserBase): + hashed_password: str + + +def fake_password_hasher(raw_password: str): + return "supersecret" + raw_password + + +def fake_save_user(user_in: UserIn): + hashed_password = fake_password_hasher(user_in.password) + user_in_db = UserInDB(**user_in.dict(), hashed_password=hashed_password) + print("User saved! ..not really") + return user_in_db + + +@app.post("/user/", response_model=UserOut) +async def create_user(user_in: UserIn): + user_saved = fake_save_user(user_in) + return user_saved diff --git a/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003.py b/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003.py index 065439acc..06675cbc0 100644 --- a/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003.py +++ b/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003.py @@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ class BaseItem(BaseModel): class CarItem(BaseItem): - type = "car" + type: str = "car" class PlaneItem(BaseItem): - type = "plane" + type: str = "plane" size: int diff --git a/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003_py310.py b/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..06675cbc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial003_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class BaseItem(BaseModel): + description: str + type: str + + +class CarItem(BaseItem): + type: str = "car" + + +class PlaneItem(BaseItem): + type: str = "plane" + size: int + + +items = { + "item1": {"description": "All my friends drive a low rider", "type": "car"}, + "item2": { + "description": "Music is my aeroplane, it's my aeroplane", + "type": "plane", + "size": 5, + }, +} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Union[PlaneItem, CarItem]) +async def read_item(item_id: str): + return items[item_id] diff --git a/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial004_py39.py b/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial004_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..28cacde4d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial004_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str + + +items = [ + {"name": "Foo", "description": "There comes my hero"}, + {"name": "Red", "description": "It's my aeroplane"}, +] + + +@app.get("/items/", response_model=list[Item]) +async def read_items(): + return items diff --git a/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial005_py39.py b/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial005_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9da2a0a0f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/extra_models/tutorial005_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/keyword-weights/", response_model=dict[str, float]) +async def read_keyword_weights(): + return {"foo": 2.3, "bar": 3.4} diff --git a/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2d1f91bc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001.py @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +from typing import List + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + price: float + + +class ResponseMessage(BaseModel): + message: str + + +@app.post("/items/", response_model=ResponseMessage) +async def create_item(item: Item): + return {"message": "item received"} + + +@app.get("/items/", response_model=List[Item]) +async def get_items(): + return [ + {"name": "Plumbus", "price": 3}, + {"name": "Portal Gun", "price": 9001}, + ] diff --git a/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001_py39.py b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a5ae2320 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial001_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + price: float + + +class ResponseMessage(BaseModel): + message: str + + +@app.post("/items/", response_model=ResponseMessage) +async def create_item(item: Item): + return {"message": "item received"} + + +@app.get("/items/", response_model=list[Item]) +async def get_items(): + return [ + {"name": "Plumbus", "price": 3}, + {"name": "Portal Gun", "price": 9001}, + ] diff --git a/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bd80449af --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002.py @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +from typing import List + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + price: float + + +class ResponseMessage(BaseModel): + message: str + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: str + + +@app.post("/items/", response_model=ResponseMessage, tags=["items"]) +async def create_item(item: Item): + return {"message": "Item received"} + + +@app.get("/items/", response_model=List[Item], tags=["items"]) +async def get_items(): + return [ + {"name": "Plumbus", "price": 3}, + {"name": "Portal Gun", "price": 9001}, + ] + + +@app.post("/users/", response_model=ResponseMessage, tags=["users"]) +async def create_user(user: User): + return {"message": "User received"} diff --git a/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002_py39.py b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..83309760b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial002_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + price: float + + +class ResponseMessage(BaseModel): + message: str + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: str + + +@app.post("/items/", response_model=ResponseMessage, tags=["items"]) +async def create_item(item: Item): + return {"message": "Item received"} + + +@app.get("/items/", response_model=list[Item], tags=["items"]) +async def get_items(): + return [ + {"name": "Plumbus", "price": 3}, + {"name": "Portal Gun", "price": 9001}, + ] + + +@app.post("/users/", response_model=ResponseMessage, tags=["users"]) +async def create_user(user: User): + return {"message": "User received"} diff --git a/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003.py b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..49eab73a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003.py @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +from typing import List + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from fastapi.routing import APIRoute +from pydantic import BaseModel + + +def custom_generate_unique_id(route: APIRoute): + return f"{route.tags[0]}-{route.name}" + + +app = FastAPI(generate_unique_id_function=custom_generate_unique_id) + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + price: float + + +class ResponseMessage(BaseModel): + message: str + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: str + + +@app.post("/items/", response_model=ResponseMessage, tags=["items"]) +async def create_item(item: Item): + return {"message": "Item received"} + + +@app.get("/items/", response_model=List[Item], tags=["items"]) +async def get_items(): + return [ + {"name": "Plumbus", "price": 3}, + {"name": "Portal Gun", "price": 9001}, + ] + + +@app.post("/users/", response_model=ResponseMessage, tags=["users"]) +async def create_user(user: User): + return {"message": "User received"} diff --git a/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003_py39.py b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..40722cf10 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial003_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from fastapi.routing import APIRoute +from pydantic import BaseModel + + +def custom_generate_unique_id(route: APIRoute): + return f"{route.tags[0]}-{route.name}" + + +app = FastAPI(generate_unique_id_function=custom_generate_unique_id) + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + price: float + + +class ResponseMessage(BaseModel): + message: str + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: str + + +@app.post("/items/", response_model=ResponseMessage, tags=["items"]) +async def create_item(item: Item): + return {"message": "Item received"} + + +@app.get("/items/", response_model=list[Item], tags=["items"]) +async def get_items(): + return [ + {"name": "Plumbus", "price": 3}, + {"name": "Portal Gun", "price": 9001}, + ] + + +@app.post("/users/", response_model=ResponseMessage, tags=["users"]) +async def create_user(user: User): + return {"message": "User received"} diff --git a/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial004.js b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial004.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..18dc38267 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial004.js @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +import * as fs from "fs"; + +const filePath = "./openapi.json"; + +fs.readFile(filePath, (err, data) => { + const openapiContent = JSON.parse(data); + if (err) throw err; + + const paths = openapiContent.paths; + + Object.keys(paths).forEach((pathKey) => { + const pathData = paths[pathKey]; + Object.keys(pathData).forEach((method) => { + const operation = pathData[method]; + if (operation.tags && operation.tags.length > 0) { + const tag = operation.tags[0]; + const operationId = operation.operationId; + const toRemove = `${tag}-`; + if (operationId.startsWith(toRemove)) { + const newOperationId = operationId.substring(toRemove.length); + operation.operationId = newOperationId; + } + } + }); + }); + fs.writeFile(filePath, JSON.stringify(openapiContent, null, 2), (err) => { + if (err) throw err; + }); +}); diff --git a/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial004.py b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial004.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..894dc7f8d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/generate_clients/tutorial004.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +import json +from pathlib import Path + +file_path = Path("./openapi.json") +openapi_content = json.loads(file_path.read_text()) + +for path_data in openapi_content["paths"].values(): + for operation in path_data.values(): + tag = operation["tags"][0] + operation_id = operation["operationId"] + to_remove = f"{tag}-" + new_operation_id = operation_id[len(to_remove) :] + operation["operationId"] = new_operation_id + +file_path.write_text(json.dumps(openapi_content)) diff --git a/docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py index 7d69b027e..74429c8e2 100644 --- a/docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI, Header @@ -6,5 +6,5 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/") -async def read_items(user_agent: Optional[str] = Header(None)): +async def read_items(user_agent: Union[str, None] = Header(default=None)): return {"User-Agent": user_agent} diff --git a/docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an.py b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..816c00086 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Header +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(user_agent: Annotated[Union[str, None], Header()] = None): + return {"User-Agent": user_agent} diff --git a/docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ba5e1bfb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Header + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(user_agent: Annotated[str | None, Header()] = None): + return {"User-Agent": user_agent} diff --git a/docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1fbe3bb99 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Header + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(user_agent: Annotated[Union[str, None], Header()] = None): + return {"User-Agent": user_agent} diff --git a/docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_py310.py b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2203ed1b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Header + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(user_agent: str | None = Header(default=None)): + return {"User-Agent": user_agent} diff --git a/docs_src/header_params/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial002.py index 2de3dddd7..639ab1735 100644 --- a/docs_src/header_params/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial002.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI, Header @@ -7,6 +7,6 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/") async def read_items( - strange_header: Optional[str] = Header(None, convert_underscores=False) + strange_header: Union[str, None] = Header(default=None, convert_underscores=False) ): return {"strange_header": strange_header} diff --git a/docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_an.py b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..82fe49ba2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Header +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + strange_header: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], Header(convert_underscores=False) + ] = None, +): + return {"strange_header": strange_header} diff --git a/docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_an_py310.py b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b340647b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Header + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + strange_header: Annotated[str | None, Header(convert_underscores=False)] = None +): + return {"strange_header": strange_header} diff --git a/docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_an_py39.py b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..008e4b6e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Header + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + strange_header: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], Header(convert_underscores=False) + ] = None, +): + return {"strange_header": strange_header} diff --git a/docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_py310.py b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b7979b542 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial002_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Header + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + strange_header: str | None = Header(default=None, convert_underscores=False) +): + return {"strange_header": strange_header} diff --git a/docs_src/header_params/tutorial003.py b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial003.py index 6d0eefdd2..a61314aed 100644 --- a/docs_src/header_params/tutorial003.py +++ b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial003.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import List, Optional +from typing import List, Union from fastapi import FastAPI, Header @@ -6,5 +6,5 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/") -async def read_items(x_token: Optional[List[str]] = Header(None)): +async def read_items(x_token: Union[List[str], None] = Header(default=None)): return {"X-Token values": x_token} diff --git a/docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_an.py b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5406fd1f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +from typing import List, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Header +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(x_token: Annotated[Union[List[str], None], Header()] = None): + return {"X-Token values": x_token} diff --git a/docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_an_py310.py b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0e78cf029 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Header + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(x_token: Annotated[list[str] | None, Header()] = None): + return {"X-Token values": x_token} diff --git a/docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_an_py39.py b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c1dd49961 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +from typing import Annotated, List, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Header + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(x_token: Annotated[Union[List[str], None], Header()] = None): + return {"X-Token values": x_token} diff --git a/docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py310.py b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..435c67574 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Header + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(x_token: list[str] | None = Header(default=None)): + return {"X-Token values": x_token} diff --git a/docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py39.py b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..34437db16 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/header_params/tutorial003_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Header + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(x_token: Union[list[str], None] = Header(default=None)): + return {"X-Token values": x_token} diff --git a/docs_src/metadata/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/metadata/tutorial001.py index 3fba9e7d1..76656e81b 100644 --- a/docs_src/metadata/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/metadata/tutorial001.py @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ You will be able to: app = FastAPI( title="ChimichangApp", description=description, + summary="Deadpool's favorite app. Nuff said.", version="0.0.1", terms_of_service="http://example.com/terms/", contact={ diff --git a/docs_src/metadata/tutorial001_1.py b/docs_src/metadata/tutorial001_1.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8f5b9458 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/metadata/tutorial001_1.py @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI + +description = """ +ChimichangApp API helps you do awesome stuff. 🚀 + +## Items + +You can **read items**. + +## Users + +You will be able to: + +* **Create users** (_not implemented_). +* **Read users** (_not implemented_). +""" + +app = FastAPI( + title="ChimichangApp", + description=description, + summary="Deadpool's favorite app. Nuff said.", + version="0.0.1", + terms_of_service="http://example.com/terms/", + contact={ + "name": "Deadpoolio the Amazing", + "url": "http://x-force.example.com/contact/", + "email": "dp@x-force.example.com", + }, + license_info={ + "name": "Apache 2.0", + "identifier": "MIT", + }, +) + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(): + return [{"name": "Katana"}] diff --git a/docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py index 39548d862..91893e528 100644 --- a/docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from couchbase import LOCKMODE_WAIT from couchbase.bucket import Bucket @@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ def get_bucket(): class User(BaseModel): username: str - email: Optional[str] = None - full_name: Optional[str] = None - disabled: Optional[bool] = None + email: Union[str, None] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None + disabled: Union[bool, None] = None class UserInDB(User): diff --git a/docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py index 2fb836751..3f1bac6e2 100644 --- a/docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ app = FastAPI() class Invoice(BaseModel): id: str - title: Optional[str] = None + title: Union[str, None] = None customer: str total: float @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def invoice_notification(body: InvoiceEvent): @app.post("/invoices/", callbacks=invoices_callback_router.routes) -def create_invoice(invoice: Invoice, callback_url: Optional[HttpUrl] = None): +def create_invoice(invoice: Invoice, callback_url: Union[HttpUrl, None] = None): """ Create an invoice. diff --git a/docs_src/openapi_webhooks/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/openapi_webhooks/tutorial001.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..55822bb48 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/openapi_webhooks/tutorial001.py @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +from datetime import datetime + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Subscription(BaseModel): + username: str + monthly_fee: float + start_date: datetime + + +@app.webhooks.post("new-subscription") +def new_subscription(body: Subscription): + """ + When a new user subscribes to your service we'll send you a POST request with this + data to the URL that you register for the event `new-subscription` in the dashboard. + """ + + +@app.get("/users/") +def read_users(): + return ["Rick", "Morty"] diff --git a/docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial004.py b/docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial004.py index fa867e794..a3aad4ac4 100644 --- a/docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial004.py +++ b/docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial004.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional, Set +from typing import Set, Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None - tags: Set[str] = [] + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: Set[str] = set() @app.post("/items/", response_model=Item, summary="Create an item") diff --git a/docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007.py b/docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007.py index d51752bb8..972ddbd2c 100644 --- a/docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007.py +++ b/docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007.py @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class Item(BaseModel): "/items/", openapi_extra={ "requestBody": { - "content": {"application/x-yaml": {"schema": Item.schema()}}, + "content": {"application/x-yaml": {"schema": Item.model_json_schema()}}, "required": True, }, }, @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ async def create_item(request: Request): except yaml.YAMLError: raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail="Invalid YAML") try: - item = Item.parse_obj(data) + item = Item.model_validate(data) except ValidationError as e: raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail=e.errors()) return item diff --git a/docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007_pv1.py b/docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007_pv1.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d51752bb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007_pv1.py @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +from typing import List + +import yaml +from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException, Request +from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + tags: List[str] + + +@app.post( + "/items/", + openapi_extra={ + "requestBody": { + "content": {"application/x-yaml": {"schema": Item.schema()}}, + "required": True, + }, + }, +) +async def create_item(request: Request): + raw_body = await request.body() + try: + data = yaml.safe_load(raw_body) + except yaml.YAMLError: + raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail="Invalid YAML") + try: + item = Item.parse_obj(data) + except ValidationError as e: + raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail=e.errors()) + return item diff --git a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001.py index 66ea442ea..83fd8377a 100644 --- a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional, Set +from typing import Set, Union from fastapi import FastAPI, status from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None - tags: Set[str] = [] + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: Set[str] = set() @app.post("/items/", response_model=Item, status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED) diff --git a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001_py310.py b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da078fdf5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, status +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + tags: set[str] = set() + + +@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item, status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED) +async def create_item(item: Item): + return item diff --git a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001_py39.py b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a9dcbf389 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial001_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, status +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: set[str] = set() + + +@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item, status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED) +async def create_item(item: Item): + return item diff --git a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002.py index 01df041b8..798b0c231 100644 --- a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional, Set +from typing import Set, Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None - tags: Set[str] = [] + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: Set[str] = set() @app.post("/items/", response_model=Item, tags=["items"]) diff --git a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002_py310.py b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9a8af5432 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + tags: set[str] = set() + + +@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item, tags=["items"]) +async def create_item(item: Item): + return item + + +@app.get("/items/", tags=["items"]) +async def read_items(): + return [{"name": "Foo", "price": 42}] + + +@app.get("/users/", tags=["users"]) +async def read_users(): + return [{"username": "johndoe"}] diff --git a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002_py39.py b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e7ced7de7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: set[str] = set() + + +@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item, tags=["items"]) +async def create_item(item: Item): + return item + + +@app.get("/items/", tags=["items"]) +async def read_items(): + return [{"name": "Foo", "price": 42}] + + +@app.get("/users/", tags=["users"]) +async def read_users(): + return [{"username": "johndoe"}] diff --git a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002b.py b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002b.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d53b4d817 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial002b.py @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +from enum import Enum + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Tags(Enum): + items = "items" + users = "users" + + +@app.get("/items/", tags=[Tags.items]) +async def get_items(): + return ["Portal gun", "Plumbus"] + + +@app.get("/users/", tags=[Tags.users]) +async def read_users(): + return ["Rick", "Morty"] diff --git a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003.py b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003.py index 29bcb4a22..26bf7daba 100644 --- a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003.py +++ b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional, Set +from typing import Set, Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None - tags: Set[str] = [] + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: Set[str] = set() @app.post( diff --git a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003_py310.py b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3d94afe2c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + tags: set[str] = set() + + +@app.post( + "/items/", + response_model=Item, + summary="Create an item", + description="Create an item with all the information, name, description, price, tax and a set of unique tags", +) +async def create_item(item: Item): + return item diff --git a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003_py39.py b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..607c5707e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial003_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: set[str] = set() + + +@app.post( + "/items/", + response_model=Item, + summary="Create an item", + description="Create an item with all the information, name, description, price, tax and a set of unique tags", +) +async def create_item(item: Item): + return item diff --git a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004.py b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004.py index ac95cc4bb..8f865c58a 100644 --- a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004.py +++ b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional, Set +from typing import Set, Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None - tags: Set[str] = [] + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: Set[str] = set() @app.post("/items/", response_model=Item, summary="Create an item") diff --git a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004_py310.py b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4cb8bdd43 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + tags: set[str] = set() + + +@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item, summary="Create an item") +async def create_item(item: Item): + """ + Create an item with all the information: + + - **name**: each item must have a name + - **description**: a long description + - **price**: required + - **tax**: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this + - **tags**: a set of unique tag strings for this item + """ + return item diff --git a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004_py39.py b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fc25680c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial004_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: set[str] = set() + + +@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item, summary="Create an item") +async def create_item(item: Item): + """ + Create an item with all the information: + + - **name**: each item must have a name + - **description**: a long description + - **price**: required + - **tax**: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this + - **tags**: a set of unique tag strings for this item + """ + return item diff --git a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005.py b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005.py index c1b809887..2c1be4a34 100644 --- a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005.py +++ b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional, Set +from typing import Set, Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None - tags: Set[str] = [] + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: Set[str] = set() @app.post( diff --git a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005_py310.py b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b176631d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + tags: set[str] = set() + + +@app.post( + "/items/", + response_model=Item, + summary="Create an item", + response_description="The created item", +) +async def create_item(item: Item): + """ + Create an item with all the information: + + - **name**: each item must have a name + - **description**: a long description + - **price**: required + - **tax**: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this + - **tags**: a set of unique tag strings for this item + """ + return item diff --git a/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005_py39.py b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ddf29b733 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_operation_configuration/tutorial005_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: set[str] = set() + + +@app.post( + "/items/", + response_model=Item, + summary="Create an item", + response_description="The created item", +) +async def create_item(item: Item): + """ + Create an item with all the information: + + - **name**: each item must have a name + - **description**: a long description + - **price**: required + - **tax**: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this + - **tags**: a set of unique tag strings for this item + """ + return item diff --git a/docs_src/path_params/tutorial003b.py b/docs_src/path_params/tutorial003b.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..822d37369 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_params/tutorial003b.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/users") +async def read_users(): + return ["Rick", "Morty"] + + +@app.get("/users") +async def read_users2(): + return ["Bean", "Elfo"] diff --git a/docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py b/docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py index 8e3767744..9a24a4963 100644 --- a/docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py +++ b/docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/models/{model_name}") async def get_model(model_name: ModelName): - if model_name == ModelName.alexnet: + if model_name is ModelName.alexnet: return {"model_name": model_name, "message": "Deep Learning FTW!"} if model_name.value == "lenet": diff --git a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py index 11777bba7..530147028 100644 --- a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI, Path, Query @@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/{item_id}") async def read_items( - item_id: int = Path(..., title="The ID of the item to get"), - q: Optional[str] = Query(None, alias="item-query"), + item_id: int = Path(title="The ID of the item to get"), + q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, alias="item-query"), ): results = {"item_id": item_id} if q: diff --git a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an.py b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..621be7b04 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Path, Query +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_items( + item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get")], + q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(alias="item-query")] = None, +): + results = {"item_id": item_id} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an_py310.py b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c4db263f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Path, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_items( + item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get")], + q: Annotated[str | None, Query(alias="item-query")] = None, +): + results = {"item_id": item_id} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an_py39.py b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b36315a46 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Path, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_items( + item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get")], + q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(alias="item-query")] = None, +): + results = {"item_id": item_id} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_py310.py b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b1a77cc9d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Path, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_items( + item_id: int = Path(title="The ID of the item to get"), + q: str | None = Query(default=None, alias="item-query"), +): + results = {"item_id": item_id} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002.py index 57ca50ece..63ac691a8 100644 --- a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002.py @@ -4,9 +4,7 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -async def read_items( - q: str, item_id: int = Path(..., title="The ID of the item to get") -): +async def read_items(q: str, item_id: int = Path(title="The ID of the item to get")): results = {"item_id": item_id} if q: results.update({"q": q}) diff --git a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002_an.py b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..322f8cf0b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Path +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_items( + q: str, item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get")] +): + results = {"item_id": item_id} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002_an_py39.py b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cd882abb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial002_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Path + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_items( + q: str, item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get")] +): + results = {"item_id": item_id} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003.py b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003.py index b6b5a1986..8df0ffc62 100644 --- a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003.py +++ b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003.py @@ -4,9 +4,7 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -async def read_items( - *, item_id: int = Path(..., title="The ID of the item to get"), q: str -): +async def read_items(*, item_id: int = Path(title="The ID of the item to get"), q: str): results = {"item_id": item_id} if q: results.update({"q": q}) diff --git a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003_an.py b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d0fa8b3db --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Path +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_items( + item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get")], q: str +): + results = {"item_id": item_id} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003_an_py39.py b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1588556e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Path + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_items( + item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get")], q: str +): + results = {"item_id": item_id} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004.py b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004.py index 2ec708280..86651d47c 100644 --- a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004.py +++ b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004.py @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/{item_id}") async def read_items( - *, item_id: int = Path(..., title="The ID of the item to get", ge=1), q: str + *, item_id: int = Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=1), q: str ): results = {"item_id": item_id} if q: diff --git a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004_an.py b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ffc50f6c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Path +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_items( + item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=1)], q: str +): + results = {"item_id": item_id} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004_an_py39.py b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f67f6450e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial004_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Path + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_items( + item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=1)], q: str +): + results = {"item_id": item_id} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005.py b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005.py index 2809f37b2..8f12f2da0 100644 --- a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005.py +++ b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005.py @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/{item_id}") async def read_items( *, - item_id: int = Path(..., title="The ID of the item to get", gt=0, le=1000), + item_id: int = Path(title="The ID of the item to get", gt=0, le=1000), q: str, ): results = {"item_id": item_id} diff --git a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005_an.py b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..433c69129 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Path +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_items( + item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get", gt=0, le=1000)], + q: str, +): + results = {"item_id": item_id} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005_an_py39.py b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..571dd583c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial005_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Path + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_items( + item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get", gt=0, le=1000)], + q: str, +): + results = {"item_id": item_id} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006.py b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006.py index 0c19579f5..0ea32694a 100644 --- a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006.py +++ b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006.py @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/{item_id}") async def read_items( *, - item_id: int = Path(..., title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000), + item_id: int = Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000), q: str, - size: float = Query(..., gt=0, lt=10.5) + size: float = Query(gt=0, lt=10.5), ): results = {"item_id": item_id} if q: diff --git a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006_an.py b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..22a143623 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Path, Query +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_items( + *, + item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000)], + q: str, + size: Annotated[float, Query(gt=0, lt=10.5)], +): + results = {"item_id": item_id} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006_an_py39.py b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..804751893 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial006_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Path, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_items( + *, + item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000)], + q: str, + size: Annotated[float, Query(gt=0, lt=10.5)], +): + results = {"item_id": item_id} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/python_types/tutorial006_py39.py b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial006_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..486b67caf --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial006_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +def process_items(items: list[str]): + for item in items: + print(item) diff --git a/docs_src/python_types/tutorial007_py39.py b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial007_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea96c7964 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial007_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +def process_items(items_t: tuple[int, int, str], items_s: set[bytes]): + return items_t, items_s diff --git a/docs_src/python_types/tutorial008_py39.py b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial008_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a393385b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial008_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +def process_items(prices: dict[str, float]): + for item_name, item_price in prices.items(): + print(item_name) + print(item_price) diff --git a/docs_src/python_types/tutorial008b.py b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial008b.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e52539ead --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial008b.py @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +from typing import Union + + +def process_item(item: Union[int, str]): + print(item) diff --git a/docs_src/python_types/tutorial008b_py310.py b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial008b_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6bb437841 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial008b_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +def process_item(item: int | str): + print(item) diff --git a/docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8464c6ff0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +def say_hi(name: str | None = None): + if name is not None: + print(f"Hey {name}!") + else: + print("Hello World") diff --git a/docs_src/python_types/tutorial009b.py b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial009b.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f1a05bc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial009b.py @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +from typing import Union + + +def say_hi(name: Union[str, None] = None): + if name is not None: + print(f"Hey {name}!") + else: + print("Hello World") diff --git a/docs_src/python_types/tutorial009c.py b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial009c.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2f539a34b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial009c.py @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +from typing import Optional + + +def say_hi(name: Optional[str]): + print(f"Hey {name}!") diff --git a/docs_src/python_types/tutorial009c_py310.py b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial009c_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96b1220fc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial009c_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +def say_hi(name: str | None): + print(f"Hey {name}!") diff --git a/docs_src/python_types/tutorial011.py b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial011.py index 047b633b5..297a84db6 100644 --- a/docs_src/python_types/tutorial011.py +++ b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial011.py @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ from datetime import datetime -from typing import List, Optional +from typing import List, Union from pydantic import BaseModel class User(BaseModel): id: int - name = "John Doe" - signup_ts: Optional[datetime] = None + name: str = "John Doe" + signup_ts: Union[datetime, None] = None friends: List[int] = [] diff --git a/docs_src/python_types/tutorial011_py310.py b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial011_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..842760c60 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial011_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +from datetime import datetime + +from pydantic import BaseModel + + +class User(BaseModel): + id: int + name: str = "John Doe" + signup_ts: datetime | None = None + friends: list[int] = [] + + +external_data = { + "id": "123", + "signup_ts": "2017-06-01 12:22", + "friends": [1, "2", b"3"], +} +user = User(**external_data) +print(user) +# > User id=123 name='John Doe' signup_ts=datetime.datetime(2017, 6, 1, 12, 22) friends=[1, 2, 3] +print(user.id) +# > 123 diff --git a/docs_src/python_types/tutorial011_py39.py b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial011_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4eb40b405 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial011_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +from datetime import datetime +from typing import Union + +from pydantic import BaseModel + + +class User(BaseModel): + id: int + name: str = "John Doe" + signup_ts: Union[datetime, None] = None + friends: list[int] = [] + + +external_data = { + "id": "123", + "signup_ts": "2017-06-01 12:22", + "friends": [1, "2", b"3"], +} +user = User(**external_data) +print(user) +# > User id=123 name='John Doe' signup_ts=datetime.datetime(2017, 6, 1, 12, 22) friends=[1, 2, 3] +print(user.id) +# > 123 diff --git a/docs_src/python_types/tutorial012.py b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial012.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..74fa94c43 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial012.py @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +from typing import Optional + +from pydantic import BaseModel + + +class User(BaseModel): + name: str + age: Optional[int] diff --git a/docs_src/python_types/tutorial013.py b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial013.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ec773519 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial013.py @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +from typing_extensions import Annotated + + +def say_hello(name: Annotated[str, "this is just metadata"]) -> str: + return f"Hello {name}" diff --git a/docs_src/python_types/tutorial013_py39.py b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial013_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..65a0eaa93 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/python_types/tutorial013_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +from typing import Annotated + + +def say_hello(name: Annotated[str, "this is just metadata"]) -> str: + return f"Hello {name}" diff --git a/docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py index 32918465e..8465f45ee 100644 --- a/docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -async def read_item(item_id: str, q: Optional[str] = None): +async def read_item(item_id: str, q: Union[str, None] = None): if q: return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} return {"item_id": item_id} diff --git a/docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bedb58ce8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_item(item_id: str, q: str | None = None): + if q: + return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} + return {"item_id": item_id} diff --git a/docs_src/query_params/tutorial003.py b/docs_src/query_params/tutorial003.py index c81a96785..3362715b3 100644 --- a/docs_src/query_params/tutorial003.py +++ b/docs_src/query_params/tutorial003.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/{item_id}") -async def read_item(item_id: str, q: Optional[str] = None, short: bool = False): +async def read_item(item_id: str, q: Union[str, None] = None, short: bool = False): item = {"item_id": item_id} if q: item.update({"q": q}) diff --git a/docs_src/query_params/tutorial003_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params/tutorial003_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1eec66d90 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params/tutorial003_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_item(item_id: str, q: str | None = None, short: bool = False): + item = {"item_id": item_id} + if q: + item.update({"q": q}) + if not short: + item.update( + {"description": "This is an amazing item that has a long description"} + ) + return item diff --git a/docs_src/query_params/tutorial004.py b/docs_src/query_params/tutorial004.py index 37f97fa2a..049c3ae93 100644 --- a/docs_src/query_params/tutorial004.py +++ b/docs_src/query_params/tutorial004.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/users/{user_id}/items/{item_id}") async def read_user_item( - user_id: int, item_id: str, q: Optional[str] = None, short: bool = False + user_id: int, item_id: str, q: Union[str, None] = None, short: bool = False ): item = {"item_id": item_id, "owner_id": user_id} if q: diff --git a/docs_src/query_params/tutorial004_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params/tutorial004_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ec4338df --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params/tutorial004_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/users/{user_id}/items/{item_id}") +async def read_user_item( + user_id: int, item_id: str, q: str | None = None, short: bool = False +): + item = {"item_id": item_id, "owner_id": user_id} + if q: + item.update({"q": q}) + if not short: + item.update( + {"description": "This is an amazing item that has a long description"} + ) + return item diff --git a/docs_src/query_params/tutorial006.py b/docs_src/query_params/tutorial006.py index ffe328340..f0dbfe08f 100644 --- a/docs_src/query_params/tutorial006.py +++ b/docs_src/query_params/tutorial006.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/{item_id}") async def read_user_item( - item_id: str, needy: str, skip: int = 0, limit: Optional[int] = None + item_id: str, needy: str, skip: int = 0, limit: Union[int, None] = None ): item = {"item_id": item_id, "needy": needy, "skip": skip, "limit": limit} return item diff --git a/docs_src/query_params/tutorial006_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params/tutorial006_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be2a44c31 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params/tutorial006_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_user_item( + item_id: str, needy: str, skip: int = 0, limit: int | None = None +): + item = {"item_id": item_id, "needy": needy, "skip": skip, "limit": limit} + return item diff --git a/docs_src/query_params/tutorial006b.py b/docs_src/query_params/tutorial006b.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f0dbfe08f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params/tutorial006b.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}") +async def read_user_item( + item_id: str, needy: str, skip: int = 0, limit: Union[int, None] = None +): + item = {"item_id": item_id, "needy": needy, "skip": skip, "limit": limit} + return item diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py index 5d7bfb0ee..e38326b18 100644 --- a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/") -async def read_items(q: Optional[str] = None): +async def read_items(q: Union[str, None] = None): results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} if q: results.update({"q": q}) diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eeefddfa7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: str | None = None): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py index 68ea58206..17e017b7e 100644 --- a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI, Query @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/") -async def read_items(q: Optional[str] = Query(None, max_length=50)): +async def read_items(q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, max_length=50)): results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} if q: results.update({"q": q}) diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_an.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cb1b38940 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(max_length=50)] = None): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_an_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..66ee7451b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[str | None, Query(max_length=50)] = None): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f15351d29 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: str | None = Query(default=None, max_length=50)): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003.py index e52acc72f..73d2e08c8 100644 --- a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003.py +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI, Query @@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/") -async def read_items(q: Optional[str] = Query(None, min_length=3, max_length=50)): +async def read_items( + q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, min_length=3, max_length=50) +): results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} if q: results.update({"q": q}) diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_an.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a3665f6a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(min_length=3, max_length=50)] = None +): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_an_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..836af04de --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + q: Annotated[str | None, Query(min_length=3, max_length=50)] = None +): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_an_py39.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..87a426839 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(min_length=3, max_length=50)] = None +): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc60ecb39 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial003_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: str | None = Query(default=None, min_length=3, max_length=50)): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004.py index d2c30331f..64a647a16 100644 --- a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004.py +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI, Query @@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/") async def read_items( - q: Optional[str] = Query(None, min_length=3, max_length=50, regex="^fixedquery$") + q: Union[str, None] = Query( + default=None, min_length=3, max_length=50, pattern="^fixedquery$" + ), ): results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} if q: diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_an.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c75d45d63 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + q: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], Query(min_length=3, max_length=50, pattern="^fixedquery$") + ] = None, +): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_an_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..20cf1988f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + q: Annotated[ + str | None, Query(min_length=3, max_length=50, pattern="^fixedquery$") + ] = None, +): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_an_py310_regex.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_an_py310_regex.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21e0d3eb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_an_py310_regex.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + q: Annotated[ + str | None, Query(min_length=3, max_length=50, regex="^fixedquery$") + ] = None, +): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_an_py39.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de27097b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + q: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], Query(min_length=3, max_length=50, pattern="^fixedquery$") + ] = None, +): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7801e7500 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial004_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + q: str | None = Query( + default=None, min_length=3, max_length=50, pattern="^fixedquery$" + ), +): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005.py index 22eb3acba..8ab42869e 100644 --- a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005.py +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005.py @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/") -async def read_items(q: str = Query("fixedquery", min_length=3)): +async def read_items(q: str = Query(default="fixedquery", min_length=3)): results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} if q: results.update({"q": q}) diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005_an.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..452d4d38d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[str, Query(min_length=3)] = "fixedquery"): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005_an_py39.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b1f6046b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[str, Query(min_length=3)] = "fixedquery"): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006.py index 720bf07f1..9a90eb64e 100644 --- a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006.py +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006.py @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/") -async def read_items(q: str = Query(..., min_length=3)): +async def read_items(q: str = Query(min_length=3)): results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} if q: results.update({"q": q}) diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006_an.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..559480d2b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[str, Query(min_length=3)]): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006_an_py39.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3b4a676d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[str, Query(min_length=3)]): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8d69c889 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: str = Query(default=..., min_length=3)): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b_an.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea3b02583 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[str, Query(min_length=3)] = ...): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b_an_py39.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..687a9f544 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006b_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[str, Query(min_length=3)] = ...): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ac148c94 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=..., min_length=3)): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_an.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..10bf26a57 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(min_length=3)] = ...): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_an_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1ab0a7d53 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[str | None, Query(min_length=3)] = ...): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_an_py39.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ac1273331 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(min_length=3)] = ...): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..82dd9e5d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006c_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: str | None = Query(default=..., min_length=3)): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..42c5bf4eb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d.py @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query +from pydantic import Required + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: str = Query(default=Required, min_length=3)): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d_an.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bc8283e15 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query +from pydantic import Required +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[str, Query(min_length=3)] = Required): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d_an_py39.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..035d9e3bd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query +from pydantic import Required + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[str, Query(min_length=3)] = Required): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007.py index e360feda9..cb836569e 100644 --- a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007.py +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI, Query @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/") async def read_items( - q: Optional[str] = Query(None, title="Query string", min_length=3) + q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, title="Query string", min_length=3) ): results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} if q: diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_an.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3bc85cc0c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(title="Query string", min_length=3)] = None +): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_an_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5933911fd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + q: Annotated[str | None, Query(title="Query string", min_length=3)] = None +): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_an_py39.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dafa1c5c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(title="Query string", min_length=3)] = None +): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e3e1ef2e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial007_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + q: str | None = Query(default=None, title="Query string", min_length=3) +): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008.py index 238add471..e3e0b50aa 100644 --- a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008.py +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI, Query @@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/") async def read_items( - q: Optional[str] = Query( - None, + q: Union[str, None] = Query( + default=None, title="Query string", description="Query string for the items to search in the database that have a good match", min_length=3, - ) + ), ): results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} if q: diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_an.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..01606a920 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + q: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Query( + title="Query string", + description="Query string for the items to search in the database that have a good match", + min_length=3, + ), + ] = None, +): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_an_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44b3082b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + q: Annotated[ + str | None, + Query( + title="Query string", + description="Query string for the items to search in the database that have a good match", + min_length=3, + ), + ] = None, +): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_an_py39.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f3f2f2c0e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + q: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Query( + title="Query string", + description="Query string for the items to search in the database that have a good match", + min_length=3, + ), + ] = None, +): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..574385272 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial008_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + q: str | None = Query( + default=None, + title="Query string", + description="Query string for the items to search in the database that have a good match", + min_length=3, + ), +): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009.py index 7e5c0b81a..8a6bfe2d9 100644 --- a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009.py +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI, Query @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/") -async def read_items(q: Optional[str] = Query(None, alias="item-query")): +async def read_items(q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, alias="item-query")): results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} if q: results.update({"q": q}) diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_an.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2894e2d51 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(alias="item-query")] = None): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_an_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d11753362 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[str | None, Query(alias="item-query")] = None): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_an_py39.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..70a89e613 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(alias="item-query")] = None): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a38d32cbb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial009_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: str | None = Query(default=None, alias="item-query")): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010.py index 7921506b6..ff29176fe 100644 --- a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010.py +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI, Query @@ -7,16 +7,16 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/") async def read_items( - q: Optional[str] = Query( - None, + q: Union[str, None] = Query( + default=None, alias="item-query", title="Query string", description="Query string for the items to search in the database that have a good match", min_length=3, max_length=50, - regex="^fixedquery$", + pattern="^fixedquery$", deprecated=True, - ) + ), ): results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} if q: diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_an.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ed343230f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + q: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Query( + alias="item-query", + title="Query string", + description="Query string for the items to search in the database that have a good match", + min_length=3, + max_length=50, + pattern="^fixedquery$", + deprecated=True, + ), + ] = None, +): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_an_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..775095bda --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + q: Annotated[ + str | None, + Query( + alias="item-query", + title="Query string", + description="Query string for the items to search in the database that have a good match", + min_length=3, + max_length=50, + pattern="^fixedquery$", + deprecated=True, + ), + ] = None, +): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_an_py39.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b126c116f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + q: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Query( + alias="item-query", + title="Query string", + description="Query string for the items to search in the database that have a good match", + min_length=3, + max_length=50, + pattern="^fixedquery$", + deprecated=True, + ), + ] = None, +): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..530e6cf5b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial010_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + q: str | None = Query( + default=None, + alias="item-query", + title="Query string", + description="Query string for the items to search in the database that have a good match", + min_length=3, + max_length=50, + pattern="^fixedquery$", + deprecated=True, + ), +): + results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]} + if q: + results.update({"q": q}) + return results diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011.py index 7fda267ed..65bbce781 100644 --- a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011.py +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import List, Optional +from typing import List, Union from fastapi import FastAPI, Query @@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/") -async def read_items(q: Optional[List[str]] = Query(None)): +async def read_items(q: Union[List[str], None] = Query(default=None)): query_items = {"q": q} return query_items diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_an.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ed699337 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +from typing import List, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[Union[List[str], None], Query()] = None): + query_items = {"q": q} + return query_items diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_an_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5dad4bfde --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[list[str] | None, Query()] = None): + query_items = {"q": q} + return query_items diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_an_py39.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..416e3990d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[Union[list[str], None], Query()] = None): + query_items = {"q": q} + return query_items diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..70155de7c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: list[str] | None = Query(default=None)): + query_items = {"q": q} + return query_items diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_py39.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..878f95c79 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial011_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Union[list[str], None] = Query(default=None)): + query_items = {"q": q} + return query_items diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012.py index 7ea9f017d..e77d56974 100644 --- a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012.py +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012.py @@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/") -async def read_items(q: List[str] = Query(["foo", "bar"])): +async def read_items(q: List[str] = Query(default=["foo", "bar"])): query_items = {"q": q} return query_items diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012_an.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..261af250a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +from typing import List + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[List[str], Query()] = ["foo", "bar"]): + query_items = {"q": q} + return query_items diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012_an_py39.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9b5a9c2fb --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[list[str], Query()] = ["foo", "bar"]): + query_items = {"q": q} + return query_items diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012_py39.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..070d0b04b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: list[str] = Query(default=["foo", "bar"])): + query_items = {"q": q} + return query_items diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013.py index 95dd6999d..0b0f44869 100644 --- a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013.py +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013.py @@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.get("/items/") -async def read_items(q: list = Query([])): +async def read_items(q: list = Query(default=[])): query_items = {"q": q} return query_items diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013_an.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f12a25055 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[list, Query()] = []): + query_items = {"q": q} + return query_items diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013_an_py39.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..602734145 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(q: Annotated[list, Query()] = []): + query_items = {"q": q} + return query_items diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..50e0a6c2b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + hidden_query: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, include_in_schema=False) +): + if hidden_query: + return {"hidden_query": hidden_query} + else: + return {"hidden_query": "Not found"} diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_an.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a9a9c4427 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + hidden_query: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(include_in_schema=False)] = None +): + if hidden_query: + return {"hidden_query": hidden_query} + else: + return {"hidden_query": "Not found"} diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_an_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5fba54150 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + hidden_query: Annotated[str | None, Query(include_in_schema=False)] = None +): + if hidden_query: + return {"hidden_query": hidden_query} + else: + return {"hidden_query": "Not found"} diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_an_py39.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b07985210 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + hidden_query: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(include_in_schema=False)] = None +): + if hidden_query: + return {"hidden_query": hidden_query} + else: + return {"hidden_query": "Not found"} diff --git a/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_py310.py b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1b617efdd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial014_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Query + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items( + hidden_query: str | None = Query(default=None, include_in_schema=False) +): + if hidden_query: + return {"hidden_query": hidden_query} + else: + return {"hidden_query": "Not found"} diff --git a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py index fffb56af8..2e0ea6391 100644 --- a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001.py @@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.post("/files/") -async def create_file(file: bytes = File(...)): +async def create_file(file: bytes = File()): return {"file_size": len(file)} @app.post("/uploadfile/") -async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile = File(...)): +async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile): return {"filename": file.filename} diff --git a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02.py b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ac30be2d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02.py @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/files/") +async def create_file(file: Union[bytes, None] = File(default=None)): + if not file: + return {"message": "No file sent"} + else: + return {"file_size": len(file)} + + +@app.post("/uploadfile/") +async def create_upload_file(file: Union[UploadFile, None] = None): + if not file: + return {"message": "No upload file sent"} + else: + return {"filename": file.filename} diff --git a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_an.py b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5007fef15 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/files/") +async def create_file(file: Annotated[Union[bytes, None], File()] = None): + if not file: + return {"message": "No file sent"} + else: + return {"file_size": len(file)} + + +@app.post("/uploadfile/") +async def create_upload_file(file: Union[UploadFile, None] = None): + if not file: + return {"message": "No upload file sent"} + else: + return {"filename": file.filename} diff --git a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_an_py310.py b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9b80321b4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/files/") +async def create_file(file: Annotated[bytes | None, File()] = None): + if not file: + return {"message": "No file sent"} + else: + return {"file_size": len(file)} + + +@app.post("/uploadfile/") +async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile | None = None): + if not file: + return {"message": "No upload file sent"} + else: + return {"filename": file.filename} diff --git a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_an_py39.py b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb090ff6c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/files/") +async def create_file(file: Annotated[Union[bytes, None], File()] = None): + if not file: + return {"message": "No file sent"} + else: + return {"file_size": len(file)} + + +@app.post("/uploadfile/") +async def create_upload_file(file: Union[UploadFile, None] = None): + if not file: + return {"message": "No upload file sent"} + else: + return {"filename": file.filename} diff --git a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_py310.py b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..298c9974f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_02_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/files/") +async def create_file(file: bytes | None = File(default=None)): + if not file: + return {"message": "No file sent"} + else: + return {"file_size": len(file)} + + +@app.post("/uploadfile/") +async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile | None = None): + if not file: + return {"message": "No upload file sent"} + else: + return {"filename": file.filename} diff --git a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03.py b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d8005cc7d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/files/") +async def create_file(file: bytes = File(description="A file read as bytes")): + return {"file_size": len(file)} + + +@app.post("/uploadfile/") +async def create_upload_file( + file: UploadFile = File(description="A file read as UploadFile"), +): + return {"filename": file.filename} diff --git a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03_an.py b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8a6b0a245 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/files/") +async def create_file(file: Annotated[bytes, File(description="A file read as bytes")]): + return {"file_size": len(file)} + + +@app.post("/uploadfile/") +async def create_upload_file( + file: Annotated[UploadFile, File(description="A file read as UploadFile")], +): + return {"filename": file.filename} diff --git a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03_an_py39.py b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..93098a677 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_03_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/files/") +async def create_file(file: Annotated[bytes, File(description="A file read as bytes")]): + return {"file_size": len(file)} + + +@app.post("/uploadfile/") +async def create_upload_file( + file: Annotated[UploadFile, File(description="A file read as UploadFile")], +): + return {"filename": file.filename} diff --git a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an.py b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ca2f76d5c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/files/") +async def create_file(file: Annotated[bytes, File()]): + return {"file_size": len(file)} + + +@app.post("/uploadfile/") +async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile): + return {"filename": file.filename} diff --git a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..26a767221 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/files/") +async def create_file(file: Annotated[bytes, File()]): + return {"file_size": len(file)} + + +@app.post("/uploadfile/") +async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile): + return {"filename": file.filename} diff --git a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002.py index 6fdf16a75..b4d0acc68 100644 --- a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002.py @@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.post("/files/") -async def create_files(files: List[bytes] = File(...)): +async def create_files(files: List[bytes] = File()): return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]} @app.post("/uploadfiles/") -async def create_upload_files(files: List[UploadFile] = File(...)): +async def create_upload_files(files: List[UploadFile]): return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]} diff --git a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_an.py b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eaa90da2b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +from typing import List + +from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile +from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/files/") +async def create_files(files: Annotated[List[bytes], File()]): + return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]} + + +@app.post("/uploadfiles/") +async def create_upload_files(files: List[UploadFile]): + return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]} + + +@app.get("/") +async def main(): + content = """ + +
+ + +
+
+ + +
+ + """ + return HTMLResponse(content=content) diff --git a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_an_py39.py b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..db524ceab --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile +from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/files/") +async def create_files(files: Annotated[list[bytes], File()]): + return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]} + + +@app.post("/uploadfiles/") +async def create_upload_files(files: list[UploadFile]): + return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]} + + +@app.get("/") +async def main(): + content = """ + +
+ + +
+
+ + +
+ + """ + return HTMLResponse(content=content) diff --git a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_py39.py b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b64cf5598 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial002_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile +from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/files/") +async def create_files(files: list[bytes] = File()): + return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]} + + +@app.post("/uploadfiles/") +async def create_upload_files(files: list[UploadFile]): + return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]} + + +@app.get("/") +async def main(): + content = """ + +
+ + +
+
+ + +
+ + """ + return HTMLResponse(content=content) diff --git a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial003.py b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial003.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e3f805f60 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial003.py @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +from typing import List + +from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile +from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/files/") +async def create_files( + files: List[bytes] = File(description="Multiple files as bytes"), +): + return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]} + + +@app.post("/uploadfiles/") +async def create_upload_files( + files: List[UploadFile] = File(description="Multiple files as UploadFile"), +): + return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]} + + +@app.get("/") +async def main(): + content = """ + +
+ + +
+
+ + +
+ + """ + return HTMLResponse(content=content) diff --git a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_an.py b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2238e3c94 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +from typing import List + +from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile +from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/files/") +async def create_files( + files: Annotated[List[bytes], File(description="Multiple files as bytes")], +): + return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]} + + +@app.post("/uploadfiles/") +async def create_upload_files( + files: Annotated[ + List[UploadFile], File(description="Multiple files as UploadFile") + ], +): + return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]} + + +@app.get("/") +async def main(): + content = """ + +
+ + +
+
+ + +
+ + """ + return HTMLResponse(content=content) diff --git a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_an_py39.py b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5a8c5dab5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile +from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/files/") +async def create_files( + files: Annotated[list[bytes], File(description="Multiple files as bytes")], +): + return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]} + + +@app.post("/uploadfiles/") +async def create_upload_files( + files: Annotated[ + list[UploadFile], File(description="Multiple files as UploadFile") + ], +): + return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]} + + +@app.get("/") +async def main(): + content = """ + +
+ + +
+
+ + +
+ + """ + return HTMLResponse(content=content) diff --git a/docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_py39.py b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96f5e8742 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_files/tutorial003_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile +from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/files/") +async def create_files( + files: list[bytes] = File(description="Multiple files as bytes"), +): + return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]} + + +@app.post("/uploadfiles/") +async def create_upload_files( + files: list[UploadFile] = File(description="Multiple files as UploadFile"), +): + return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]} + + +@app.get("/") +async def main(): + content = """ + +
+ + +
+
+ + +
+ + """ + return HTMLResponse(content=content) diff --git a/docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001.py index c07e22945..a53770001 100644 --- a/docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001.py @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.post("/login/") -async def login(username: str = Form(...), password: str = Form(...)): +async def login(username: str = Form(), password: str = Form()): return {"username": username} diff --git a/docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001_an.py b/docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..677fbf2db --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Form +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/login/") +async def login(username: Annotated[str, Form()], password: Annotated[str, Form()]): + return {"username": username} diff --git a/docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001_an_py39.py b/docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8e9d2ea53 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_forms/tutorial001_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Form + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/login/") +async def login(username: Annotated[str, Form()], password: Annotated[str, Form()]): + return {"username": username} diff --git a/docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py index 5bf3a5bc0..7b5224ce5 100644 --- a/docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ app = FastAPI() @app.post("/files/") async def create_file( - file: bytes = File(...), fileb: UploadFile = File(...), token: str = Form(...) + file: bytes = File(), fileb: UploadFile = File(), token: str = Form() ): return { "file_size": len(file), diff --git a/docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001_an.py b/docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ea285ac8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, File, Form, UploadFile +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/files/") +async def create_file( + file: Annotated[bytes, File()], + fileb: Annotated[UploadFile, File()], + token: Annotated[str, Form()], +): + return { + "file_size": len(file), + "token": token, + "fileb_content_type": fileb.content_type, + } diff --git a/docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py b/docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..12cc43e50 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import FastAPI, File, Form, UploadFile + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/files/") +async def create_file( + file: Annotated[bytes, File()], + fileb: Annotated[UploadFile, File()], + token: Annotated[str, Form()], +): + return { + "file_size": len(file), + "token": token, + "fileb_content_type": fileb.content_type, + } diff --git a/docs_src/response_directly/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/response_directly/tutorial001.py index 6acdc0fc8..5ab655a8a 100644 --- a/docs_src/response_directly/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/response_directly/tutorial001.py @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ from datetime import datetime -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel class Item(BaseModel): title: str timestamp: datetime - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None app = FastAPI() diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial001.py index 57992ecfc..fd1c902a5 100644 --- a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial001.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import List, Optional +from typing import Any, List, Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,12 +8,20 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None tags: List[str] = [] @app.post("/items/", response_model=Item) -async def create_item(item: Item): +async def create_item(item: Item) -> Any: return item + + +@app.get("/items/", response_model=List[Item]) +async def read_items() -> Any: + return [ + {"name": "Portal Gun", "price": 42.0}, + {"name": "Plumbus", "price": 32.0}, + ] diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..98d30d540 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +from typing import List, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: List[str] = [] + + +@app.post("/items/") +async def create_item(item: Item) -> Item: + return item + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items() -> List[Item]: + return [ + Item(name="Portal Gun", price=42.0), + Item(name="Plumbus", price=32.0), + ] diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01_py310.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7951c1076 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + tags: list[str] = [] + + +@app.post("/items/") +async def create_item(item: Item) -> Item: + return item + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items() -> list[Item]: + return [ + Item(name="Portal Gun", price=42.0), + Item(name="Plumbus", price=32.0), + ] diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01_py39.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..16c78aa3f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_01_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: list[str] = [] + + +@app.post("/items/") +async def create_item(item: Item) -> Item: + return item + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items() -> list[Item]: + return [ + Item(name="Portal Gun", price=42.0), + Item(name="Plumbus", price=32.0), + ] diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_py310.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f8a2aa9fc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +from typing import Any + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + tags: list[str] = [] + + +@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item) +async def create_item(item: Item) -> Any: + return item + + +@app.get("/items/", response_model=list[Item]) +async def read_items() -> Any: + return [ + {"name": "Portal Gun", "price": 42.0}, + {"name": "Plumbus", "price": 32.0}, + ] diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_py39.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..261e252d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial001_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +from typing import Any, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + tags: list[str] = [] + + +@app.post("/items/", response_model=Item) +async def create_item(item: Item) -> Any: + return item + + +@app.get("/items/", response_model=list[Item]) +async def read_items() -> Any: + return [ + {"name": "Portal Gun", "price": 42.0}, + {"name": "Plumbus", "price": 32.0}, + ] diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial002.py index 373317eb9..a58668f9e 100644 --- a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial002.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr @@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ class UserIn(BaseModel): username: str password: str email: EmailStr - full_name: Optional[str] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None # Don't do this in production! -@app.post("/user/", response_model=UserIn) -async def create_user(user: UserIn): +@app.post("/user/") +async def create_user(user: UserIn) -> UserIn: return user diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial002_py310.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial002_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0a91a5967 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial002_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr + +app = FastAPI() + + +class UserIn(BaseModel): + username: str + password: str + email: EmailStr + full_name: str | None = None + + +# Don't do this in production! +@app.post("/user/") +async def create_user(user: UserIn) -> UserIn: + return user diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py index e14026dd8..c42dbc707 100644 --- a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Any, Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr @@ -10,15 +10,15 @@ class UserIn(BaseModel): username: str password: str email: EmailStr - full_name: Optional[str] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None class UserOut(BaseModel): username: str email: EmailStr - full_name: Optional[str] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None @app.post("/user/", response_model=UserOut) -async def create_user(user: UserIn): +async def create_user(user: UserIn) -> Any: return user diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_01.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_01.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52694b551 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_01.py @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr + +app = FastAPI() + + +class BaseUser(BaseModel): + username: str + email: EmailStr + full_name: Union[str, None] = None + + +class UserIn(BaseUser): + password: str + + +@app.post("/user/") +async def create_user(user: UserIn) -> BaseUser: + return user diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_01_py310.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_01_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ffddfd0a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_01_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr + +app = FastAPI() + + +class BaseUser(BaseModel): + username: str + email: EmailStr + full_name: str | None = None + + +class UserIn(BaseUser): + password: str + + +@app.post("/user/") +async def create_user(user: UserIn) -> BaseUser: + return user diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_02.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_02.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..df6a09646 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_02.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Response +from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse, RedirectResponse + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/portal") +async def get_portal(teleport: bool = False) -> Response: + if teleport: + return RedirectResponse(url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ") + return JSONResponse(content={"message": "Here's your interdimensional portal."}) diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_03.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_03.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0d4bd8de5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_03.py @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/teleport") +async def get_teleport() -> RedirectResponse: + return RedirectResponse(url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ") diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b13a92692 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Response +from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/portal") +async def get_portal(teleport: bool = False) -> Union[Response, dict]: + if teleport: + return RedirectResponse(url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ") + return {"message": "Here's your interdimensional portal."} diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04_py310.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cee49b83e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Response +from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/portal") +async def get_portal(teleport: bool = False) -> Response | dict: + if teleport: + return RedirectResponse(url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ") + return {"message": "Here's your interdimensional portal."} diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_05.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_05.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0962061a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_05.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI, Response +from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/portal", response_model=None) +async def get_portal(teleport: bool = False) -> Union[Response, dict]: + if teleport: + return RedirectResponse(url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ") + return {"message": "Here's your interdimensional portal."} diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_05_py310.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_05_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f1c0f8e12 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_05_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, Response +from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/portal", response_model=None) +async def get_portal(teleport: bool = False) -> Response | dict: + if teleport: + return RedirectResponse(url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ") + return {"message": "Here's your interdimensional portal."} diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3703bf888 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +from typing import Any + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr + +app = FastAPI() + + +class UserIn(BaseModel): + username: str + password: str + email: EmailStr + full_name: str | None = None + + +class UserOut(BaseModel): + username: str + email: EmailStr + full_name: str | None = None + + +@app.post("/user/", response_model=UserOut) +async def create_user(user: UserIn) -> Any: + return user diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py index 1e18f989d..10b48039a 100644 --- a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import List, Optional +from typing import List, Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float tax: float = 10.5 tags: List[str] = [] diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a3e21b434 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float = 10.5 + tags: list[str] = [] + + +items = { + "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2}, + "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2}, + "baz": {"name": "Baz", "description": None, "price": 50.2, "tax": 10.5, "tags": []}, +} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item, response_model_exclude_unset=True) +async def read_item(item_id: str): + return items[item_id] diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py39.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9463b45ec --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: float = 10.5 + tags: list[str] = [] + + +items = { + "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2}, + "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2}, + "baz": {"name": "Baz", "description": None, "price": 50.2, "tax": 10.5, "tags": []}, +} + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item, response_model_exclude_unset=True) +async def read_item(item_id: str): + return items[item_id] diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial005.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial005.py index 03933d1f7..30eb9f8e3 100644 --- a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial005.py +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial005.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float tax: float = 10.5 diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial005_py310.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial005_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..acb3035b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial005_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float = 10.5 + + +items = { + "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2}, + "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The Bar fighters", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2}, + "baz": { + "name": "Baz", + "description": "There goes my baz", + "price": 50.2, + "tax": 10.5, + }, +} + + +@app.get( + "/items/{item_id}/name", + response_model=Item, + response_model_include={"name", "description"}, +) +async def read_item_name(item_id: str): + return items[item_id] + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}/public", response_model=Item, response_model_exclude={"tax"}) +async def read_item_public_data(item_id: str): + return items[item_id] diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial006.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial006.py index 629ab8a3a..3ffdb512b 100644 --- a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial006.py +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial006.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float tax: float = 10.5 diff --git a/docs_src/response_model/tutorial006_py310.py b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial006_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ccec324e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/response_model/tutorial006_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float = 10.5 + + +items = { + "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2}, + "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The Bar fighters", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2}, + "baz": { + "name": "Baz", + "description": "There goes my baz", + "price": 50.2, + "tax": 10.5, + }, +} + + +@app.get( + "/items/{item_id}/name", + response_model=Item, + response_model_include=["name", "description"], +) +async def read_item_name(item_id: str): + return items[item_id] + + +@app.get("/items/{item_id}/public", response_model=Item, response_model_exclude=["tax"]) +async def read_item_public_data(item_id: str): + return items[item_id] diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001.py index fab4d7a44..32a66db3a 100644 --- a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,19 +8,22 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None - class Config: - schema_extra = { - "example": { - "name": "Foo", - "description": "A very nice Item", - "price": 35.4, - "tax": 3.2, - } + model_config = { + "json_schema_extra": { + "examples": [ + { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "A very nice Item", + "price": 35.4, + "tax": 3.2, + } + ] } + } @app.put("/items/{item_id}") diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001_pv1.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001_pv1.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ab96ff85 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001_pv1.py @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + + class Config: + schema_extra = { + "examples": [ + { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "A very nice Item", + "price": 35.4, + "tax": 3.2, + } + ] + } + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001_py310.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..84aa5fc12 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + model_config = { + "json_schema_extra": { + "examples": [ + { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "A very nice Item", + "price": 35.4, + "tax": 3.2, + } + ] + } + } + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001_py310_pv1.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001_py310_pv1.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec83f1112 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial001_py310_pv1.py @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + class Config: + schema_extra = { + "examples": [ + { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "A very nice Item", + "price": 35.4, + "tax": 3.2, + } + ] + } + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002.py index df3df8854..70f06567c 100644 --- a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel, Field @@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): - name: str = Field(..., example="Foo") - description: Optional[str] = Field(None, example="A very nice Item") - price: float = Field(..., example=35.4) - tax: Optional[float] = Field(None, example=3.2) + name: str = Field(examples=["Foo"]) + description: Union[str, None] = Field(default=None, examples=["A very nice Item"]) + price: float = Field(examples=[35.4]) + tax: Union[float, None] = Field(default=None, examples=[3.2]) @app.put("/items/{item_id}") diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002_py310.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..27d786867 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel, Field + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str = Field(examples=["Foo"]) + description: str | None = Field(default=None, examples=["A very nice Item"]) + price: float = Field(examples=[35.4]) + tax: float | None = Field(default=None, examples=[3.2]) + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003.py index 58c79f554..385f3de8a 100644 --- a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003.py +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import Body, FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,22 +8,23 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None @app.put("/items/{item_id}") async def update_item( item_id: int, item: Item = Body( - ..., - example={ - "name": "Foo", - "description": "A very nice Item", - "price": 35.4, - "tax": 3.2, - }, + examples=[ + { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "A very nice Item", + "price": 35.4, + "tax": 3.2, + } + ], ), ): results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_an.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..23675aba1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + item_id: int, + item: Annotated[ + Item, + Body( + examples=[ + { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "A very nice Item", + "price": 35.4, + "tax": 3.2, + } + ], + ), + ], +): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_an_py310.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bbd2e171e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + item_id: int, + item: Annotated[ + Item, + Body( + examples=[ + { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "A very nice Item", + "price": 35.4, + "tax": 3.2, + } + ], + ), + ], +): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_an_py39.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..472808561 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + item_id: int, + item: Annotated[ + Item, + Body( + examples=[ + { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "A very nice Item", + "price": 35.4, + "tax": 3.2, + } + ], + ), + ], +): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_py310.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2d31619be --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + item_id: int, + item: Item = Body( + examples=[ + { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "A very nice Item", + "price": 35.4, + "tax": 3.2, + } + ], + ), +): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004.py index 9f0e8b437..75514a3e9 100644 --- a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004.py +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import Body, FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None price: float - tax: Optional[float] = None + tax: Union[float, None] = None @app.put("/items/{item_id}") @@ -18,34 +18,22 @@ async def update_item( *, item_id: int, item: Item = Body( - ..., - examples={ - "normal": { - "summary": "A normal example", - "description": "A **normal** item works correctly.", - "value": { - "name": "Foo", - "description": "A very nice Item", - "price": 35.4, - "tax": 3.2, - }, + examples=[ + { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "A very nice Item", + "price": 35.4, + "tax": 3.2, }, - "converted": { - "summary": "An example with converted data", - "description": "FastAPI can convert price `strings` to actual `numbers` automatically", - "value": { - "name": "Bar", - "price": "35.4", - }, + { + "name": "Bar", + "price": "35.4", }, - "invalid": { - "summary": "Invalid data is rejected with an error", - "value": { - "name": "Baz", - "price": "thirty five point four", - }, + { + "name": "Baz", + "price": "thirty five point four", }, - }, + ], ), ): results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_an.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e817302a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + *, + item_id: int, + item: Annotated[ + Item, + Body( + examples=[ + { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "A very nice Item", + "price": 35.4, + "tax": 3.2, + }, + { + "name": "Bar", + "price": "35.4", + }, + { + "name": "Baz", + "price": "thirty five point four", + }, + ], + ), + ], +): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_an_py310.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..650da3187 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + *, + item_id: int, + item: Annotated[ + Item, + Body( + examples=[ + { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "A very nice Item", + "price": 35.4, + "tax": 3.2, + }, + { + "name": "Bar", + "price": "35.4", + }, + { + "name": "Baz", + "price": "thirty five point four", + }, + ], + ), + ], +): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_an_py39.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc5a8fe49 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + *, + item_id: int, + item: Annotated[ + Item, + Body( + examples=[ + { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "A very nice Item", + "price": 35.4, + "tax": 3.2, + }, + { + "name": "Bar", + "price": "35.4", + }, + { + "name": "Baz", + "price": "thirty five point four", + }, + ], + ), + ], +): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_py310.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..05996ac2a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial004_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + *, + item_id: int, + item: Item = Body( + examples=[ + { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "A very nice Item", + "price": 35.4, + "tax": 3.2, + }, + { + "name": "Bar", + "price": "35.4", + }, + { + "name": "Baz", + "price": "thirty five point four", + }, + ], + ), +): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial005.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial005.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b8217c27e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial005.py @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + *, + item_id: int, + item: Item = Body( + openapi_examples={ + "normal": { + "summary": "A normal example", + "description": "A **normal** item works correctly.", + "value": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "A very nice Item", + "price": 35.4, + "tax": 3.2, + }, + }, + "converted": { + "summary": "An example with converted data", + "description": "FastAPI can convert price `strings` to actual `numbers` automatically", + "value": { + "name": "Bar", + "price": "35.4", + }, + }, + "invalid": { + "summary": "Invalid data is rejected with an error", + "value": { + "name": "Baz", + "price": "thirty five point four", + }, + }, + }, + ), +): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial005_an.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial005_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4b2d9c662 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial005_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + *, + item_id: int, + item: Annotated[ + Item, + Body( + openapi_examples={ + "normal": { + "summary": "A normal example", + "description": "A **normal** item works correctly.", + "value": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "A very nice Item", + "price": 35.4, + "tax": 3.2, + }, + }, + "converted": { + "summary": "An example with converted data", + "description": "FastAPI can convert price `strings` to actual `numbers` automatically", + "value": { + "name": "Bar", + "price": "35.4", + }, + }, + "invalid": { + "summary": "Invalid data is rejected with an error", + "value": { + "name": "Baz", + "price": "thirty five point four", + }, + }, + }, + ), + ], +): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial005_an_py310.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial005_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..64dc2cf90 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial005_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + *, + item_id: int, + item: Annotated[ + Item, + Body( + openapi_examples={ + "normal": { + "summary": "A normal example", + "description": "A **normal** item works correctly.", + "value": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "A very nice Item", + "price": 35.4, + "tax": 3.2, + }, + }, + "converted": { + "summary": "An example with converted data", + "description": "FastAPI can convert price `strings` to actual `numbers` automatically", + "value": { + "name": "Bar", + "price": "35.4", + }, + }, + "invalid": { + "summary": "Invalid data is rejected with an error", + "value": { + "name": "Baz", + "price": "thirty five point four", + }, + }, + }, + ), + ], +): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial005_an_py39.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial005_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..edeb1affc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial005_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + price: float + tax: Union[float, None] = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + *, + item_id: int, + item: Annotated[ + Item, + Body( + openapi_examples={ + "normal": { + "summary": "A normal example", + "description": "A **normal** item works correctly.", + "value": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "A very nice Item", + "price": 35.4, + "tax": 3.2, + }, + }, + "converted": { + "summary": "An example with converted data", + "description": "FastAPI can convert price `strings` to actual `numbers` automatically", + "value": { + "name": "Bar", + "price": "35.4", + }, + }, + "invalid": { + "summary": "Invalid data is rejected with an error", + "value": { + "name": "Baz", + "price": "thirty five point four", + }, + }, + }, + ), + ], +): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial005_py310.py b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial005_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eef973343 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial005_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +from fastapi import Body, FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + price: float + tax: float | None = None + + +@app.put("/items/{item_id}") +async def update_item( + *, + item_id: int, + item: Item = Body( + openapi_examples={ + "normal": { + "summary": "A normal example", + "description": "A **normal** item works correctly.", + "value": { + "name": "Foo", + "description": "A very nice Item", + "price": 35.4, + "tax": 3.2, + }, + }, + "converted": { + "summary": "An example with converted data", + "description": "FastAPI can convert price `strings` to actual `numbers` automatically", + "value": { + "name": "Bar", + "price": "35.4", + }, + }, + "invalid": { + "summary": "Invalid data is rejected with an error", + "value": { + "name": "Baz", + "price": "thirty five point four", + }, + }, + }, + ), +): + results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item} + return results diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial001_an.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial001_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dac915b7c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial001_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + +oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token") + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]): + return {"token": token} diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial001_an_py39.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial001_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..de110402e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial001_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer + +app = FastAPI() + +oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token") + + +@app.get("/items/") +async def read_items(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]): + return {"token": token} diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial002.py index 03e0cd5fc..bfd035221 100644 --- a/docs_src/security/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial002.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer @@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token") class User(BaseModel): username: str - email: Optional[str] = None - full_name: Optional[str] = None - disabled: Optional[bool] = None + email: Union[str, None] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None + disabled: Union[bool, None] = None def fake_decode_token(token): diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial002_an.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial002_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..291b3bf53 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial002_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer +from pydantic import BaseModel +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + +oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token") + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: Union[str, None] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None + disabled: Union[bool, None] = None + + +def fake_decode_token(token): + return User( + username=token + "fakedecoded", email="john@example.com", full_name="John Doe" + ) + + +async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]): + user = fake_decode_token(token) + return user + + +@app.get("/users/me") +async def read_users_me(current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)]): + return current_user diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial002_an_py310.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial002_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7b761e45 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial002_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + +oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token") + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: str | None = None + full_name: str | None = None + disabled: bool | None = None + + +def fake_decode_token(token): + return User( + username=token + "fakedecoded", email="john@example.com", full_name="John Doe" + ) + + +async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]): + user = fake_decode_token(token) + return user + + +@app.get("/users/me") +async def read_users_me(current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)]): + return current_user diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial002_an_py39.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial002_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7ff1c470b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial002_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + +oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token") + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: Union[str, None] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None + disabled: Union[bool, None] = None + + +def fake_decode_token(token): + return User( + username=token + "fakedecoded", email="john@example.com", full_name="John Doe" + ) + + +async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]): + user = fake_decode_token(token) + return user + + +@app.get("/users/me") +async def read_users_me(current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)]): + return current_user diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial002_py310.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial002_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3c2018f54 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial002_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer +from pydantic import BaseModel + +app = FastAPI() + +oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token") + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: str | None = None + full_name: str | None = None + disabled: bool | None = None + + +def fake_decode_token(token): + return User( + username=token + "fakedecoded", email="john@example.com", full_name="John Doe" + ) + + +async def get_current_user(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)): + user = fake_decode_token(token) + return user + + +@app.get("/users/me") +async def read_users_me(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)): + return current_user diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial003.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial003.py index a6bb176e4..4b324866f 100644 --- a/docs_src/security/tutorial003.py +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial003.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm @@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token") class User(BaseModel): username: str - email: Optional[str] = None - full_name: Optional[str] = None - disabled: Optional[bool] = None + email: Union[str, None] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None + disabled: Union[bool, None] = None class UserInDB(User): diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial003_an.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial003_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..261cb4857 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial003_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status +from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm +from pydantic import BaseModel +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +fake_users_db = { + "johndoe": { + "username": "johndoe", + "full_name": "John Doe", + "email": "johndoe@example.com", + "hashed_password": "fakehashedsecret", + "disabled": False, + }, + "alice": { + "username": "alice", + "full_name": "Alice Wonderson", + "email": "alice@example.com", + "hashed_password": "fakehashedsecret2", + "disabled": True, + }, +} + +app = FastAPI() + + +def fake_hash_password(password: str): + return "fakehashed" + password + + +oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token") + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: Union[str, None] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None + disabled: Union[bool, None] = None + + +class UserInDB(User): + hashed_password: str + + +def get_user(db, username: str): + if username in db: + user_dict = db[username] + return UserInDB(**user_dict) + + +def fake_decode_token(token): + # This doesn't provide any security at all + # Check the next version + user = get_user(fake_users_db, token) + return user + + +async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]): + user = fake_decode_token(token) + if not user: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Invalid authentication credentials", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"}, + ) + return user + + +async def get_current_active_user( + current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)] +): + if current_user.disabled: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user") + return current_user + + +@app.post("/token") +async def login(form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()]): + user_dict = fake_users_db.get(form_data.username) + if not user_dict: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect username or password") + user = UserInDB(**user_dict) + hashed_password = fake_hash_password(form_data.password) + if not hashed_password == user.hashed_password: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect username or password") + + return {"access_token": user.username, "token_type": "bearer"} + + +@app.get("/users/me") +async def read_users_me( + current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)] +): + return current_user diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial003_an_py310.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial003_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a03f4f8bf --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial003_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status +from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm +from pydantic import BaseModel + +fake_users_db = { + "johndoe": { + "username": "johndoe", + "full_name": "John Doe", + "email": "johndoe@example.com", + "hashed_password": "fakehashedsecret", + "disabled": False, + }, + "alice": { + "username": "alice", + "full_name": "Alice Wonderson", + "email": "alice@example.com", + "hashed_password": "fakehashedsecret2", + "disabled": True, + }, +} + +app = FastAPI() + + +def fake_hash_password(password: str): + return "fakehashed" + password + + +oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token") + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: str | None = None + full_name: str | None = None + disabled: bool | None = None + + +class UserInDB(User): + hashed_password: str + + +def get_user(db, username: str): + if username in db: + user_dict = db[username] + return UserInDB(**user_dict) + + +def fake_decode_token(token): + # This doesn't provide any security at all + # Check the next version + user = get_user(fake_users_db, token) + return user + + +async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]): + user = fake_decode_token(token) + if not user: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Invalid authentication credentials", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"}, + ) + return user + + +async def get_current_active_user( + current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)] +): + if current_user.disabled: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user") + return current_user + + +@app.post("/token") +async def login(form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()]): + user_dict = fake_users_db.get(form_data.username) + if not user_dict: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect username or password") + user = UserInDB(**user_dict) + hashed_password = fake_hash_password(form_data.password) + if not hashed_password == user.hashed_password: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect username or password") + + return {"access_token": user.username, "token_type": "bearer"} + + +@app.get("/users/me") +async def read_users_me( + current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)] +): + return current_user diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial003_an_py39.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial003_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..308dbe798 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial003_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status +from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm +from pydantic import BaseModel + +fake_users_db = { + "johndoe": { + "username": "johndoe", + "full_name": "John Doe", + "email": "johndoe@example.com", + "hashed_password": "fakehashedsecret", + "disabled": False, + }, + "alice": { + "username": "alice", + "full_name": "Alice Wonderson", + "email": "alice@example.com", + "hashed_password": "fakehashedsecret2", + "disabled": True, + }, +} + +app = FastAPI() + + +def fake_hash_password(password: str): + return "fakehashed" + password + + +oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token") + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: Union[str, None] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None + disabled: Union[bool, None] = None + + +class UserInDB(User): + hashed_password: str + + +def get_user(db, username: str): + if username in db: + user_dict = db[username] + return UserInDB(**user_dict) + + +def fake_decode_token(token): + # This doesn't provide any security at all + # Check the next version + user = get_user(fake_users_db, token) + return user + + +async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]): + user = fake_decode_token(token) + if not user: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Invalid authentication credentials", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"}, + ) + return user + + +async def get_current_active_user( + current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)] +): + if current_user.disabled: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user") + return current_user + + +@app.post("/token") +async def login(form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()]): + user_dict = fake_users_db.get(form_data.username) + if not user_dict: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect username or password") + user = UserInDB(**user_dict) + hashed_password = fake_hash_password(form_data.password) + if not hashed_password == user.hashed_password: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect username or password") + + return {"access_token": user.username, "token_type": "bearer"} + + +@app.get("/users/me") +async def read_users_me( + current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)] +): + return current_user diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial003_py310.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial003_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..af935e997 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial003_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status +from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm +from pydantic import BaseModel + +fake_users_db = { + "johndoe": { + "username": "johndoe", + "full_name": "John Doe", + "email": "johndoe@example.com", + "hashed_password": "fakehashedsecret", + "disabled": False, + }, + "alice": { + "username": "alice", + "full_name": "Alice Wonderson", + "email": "alice@example.com", + "hashed_password": "fakehashedsecret2", + "disabled": True, + }, +} + +app = FastAPI() + + +def fake_hash_password(password: str): + return "fakehashed" + password + + +oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token") + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: str | None = None + full_name: str | None = None + disabled: bool | None = None + + +class UserInDB(User): + hashed_password: str + + +def get_user(db, username: str): + if username in db: + user_dict = db[username] + return UserInDB(**user_dict) + + +def fake_decode_token(token): + # This doesn't provide any security at all + # Check the next version + user = get_user(fake_users_db, token) + return user + + +async def get_current_user(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)): + user = fake_decode_token(token) + if not user: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Invalid authentication credentials", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"}, + ) + return user + + +async def get_current_active_user(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)): + if current_user.disabled: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user") + return current_user + + +@app.post("/token") +async def login(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends()): + user_dict = fake_users_db.get(form_data.username) + if not user_dict: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect username or password") + user = UserInDB(**user_dict) + hashed_password = fake_hash_password(form_data.password) + if not hashed_password == user.hashed_password: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect username or password") + + return {"access_token": user.username, "token_type": "bearer"} + + +@app.get("/users/me") +async def read_users_me(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)): + return current_user diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial004.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial004.py index 18e2c428f..044eec700 100644 --- a/docs_src/security/tutorial004.py +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial004.py @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -from datetime import datetime, timedelta -from typing import Optional +from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone +from typing import Union from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm @@ -31,14 +31,14 @@ class Token(BaseModel): class TokenData(BaseModel): - username: Optional[str] = None + username: Union[str, None] = None class User(BaseModel): username: str - email: Optional[str] = None - full_name: Optional[str] = None - disabled: Optional[bool] = None + email: Union[str, None] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None + disabled: Union[bool, None] = None class UserInDB(User): @@ -75,12 +75,12 @@ def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str): return user -def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Optional[timedelta] = None): +def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None): to_encode = data.copy() if expires_delta: - expire = datetime.utcnow() + expires_delta + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta else: - expire = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(minutes=15) + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15) to_encode.update({"exp": expire}) encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM) return encoded_jwt @@ -112,8 +112,10 @@ async def get_current_active_user(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user) return current_user -@app.post("/token", response_model=Token) -async def login_for_access_token(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends()): +@app.post("/token") +async def login_for_access_token( + form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends() +) -> Token: user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password) if not user: raise HTTPException( @@ -125,7 +127,7 @@ async def login_for_access_token(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends( access_token = create_access_token( data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires ) - return {"access_token": access_token, "token_type": "bearer"} + return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer") @app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User) diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial004_an.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial004_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c78e8496c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial004_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,147 @@ +from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status +from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm +from jose import JWTError, jwt +from passlib.context import CryptContext +from pydantic import BaseModel +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +# to get a string like this run: +# openssl rand -hex 32 +SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7" +ALGORITHM = "HS256" +ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30 + + +fake_users_db = { + "johndoe": { + "username": "johndoe", + "full_name": "John Doe", + "email": "johndoe@example.com", + "hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW", + "disabled": False, + } +} + + +class Token(BaseModel): + access_token: str + token_type: str + + +class TokenData(BaseModel): + username: Union[str, None] = None + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: Union[str, None] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None + disabled: Union[bool, None] = None + + +class UserInDB(User): + hashed_password: str + + +pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto") + +oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token") + +app = FastAPI() + + +def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password): + return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password) + + +def get_password_hash(password): + return pwd_context.hash(password) + + +def get_user(db, username: str): + if username in db: + user_dict = db[username] + return UserInDB(**user_dict) + + +def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str): + user = get_user(fake_db, username) + if not user: + return False + if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password): + return False + return user + + +def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None): + to_encode = data.copy() + if expires_delta: + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta + else: + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15) + to_encode.update({"exp": expire}) + encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM) + return encoded_jwt + + +async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]): + credentials_exception = HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Could not validate credentials", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"}, + ) + try: + payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM]) + username: str = payload.get("sub") + if username is None: + raise credentials_exception + token_data = TokenData(username=username) + except JWTError: + raise credentials_exception + user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username) + if user is None: + raise credentials_exception + return user + + +async def get_current_active_user( + current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)] +): + if current_user.disabled: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user") + return current_user + + +@app.post("/token") +async def login_for_access_token( + form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()] +) -> Token: + user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password) + if not user: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Incorrect username or password", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"}, + ) + access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES) + access_token = create_access_token( + data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires + ) + return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer") + + +@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User) +async def read_users_me( + current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)] +): + return current_user + + +@app.get("/users/me/items/") +async def read_own_items( + current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)] +): + return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}] diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial004_an_py310.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial004_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..36dbc677e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial004_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status +from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm +from jose import JWTError, jwt +from passlib.context import CryptContext +from pydantic import BaseModel + +# to get a string like this run: +# openssl rand -hex 32 +SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7" +ALGORITHM = "HS256" +ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30 + + +fake_users_db = { + "johndoe": { + "username": "johndoe", + "full_name": "John Doe", + "email": "johndoe@example.com", + "hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW", + "disabled": False, + } +} + + +class Token(BaseModel): + access_token: str + token_type: str + + +class TokenData(BaseModel): + username: str | None = None + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: str | None = None + full_name: str | None = None + disabled: bool | None = None + + +class UserInDB(User): + hashed_password: str + + +pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto") + +oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token") + +app = FastAPI() + + +def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password): + return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password) + + +def get_password_hash(password): + return pwd_context.hash(password) + + +def get_user(db, username: str): + if username in db: + user_dict = db[username] + return UserInDB(**user_dict) + + +def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str): + user = get_user(fake_db, username) + if not user: + return False + if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password): + return False + return user + + +def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: timedelta | None = None): + to_encode = data.copy() + if expires_delta: + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta + else: + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15) + to_encode.update({"exp": expire}) + encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM) + return encoded_jwt + + +async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]): + credentials_exception = HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Could not validate credentials", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"}, + ) + try: + payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM]) + username: str = payload.get("sub") + if username is None: + raise credentials_exception + token_data = TokenData(username=username) + except JWTError: + raise credentials_exception + user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username) + if user is None: + raise credentials_exception + return user + + +async def get_current_active_user( + current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)] +): + if current_user.disabled: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user") + return current_user + + +@app.post("/token") +async def login_for_access_token( + form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()] +) -> Token: + user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password) + if not user: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Incorrect username or password", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"}, + ) + access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES) + access_token = create_access_token( + data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires + ) + return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer") + + +@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User) +async def read_users_me( + current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)] +): + return current_user + + +@app.get("/users/me/items/") +async def read_own_items( + current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)] +): + return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}] diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial004_an_py39.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial004_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..23fc04a72 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial004_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status +from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm +from jose import JWTError, jwt +from passlib.context import CryptContext +from pydantic import BaseModel + +# to get a string like this run: +# openssl rand -hex 32 +SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7" +ALGORITHM = "HS256" +ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30 + + +fake_users_db = { + "johndoe": { + "username": "johndoe", + "full_name": "John Doe", + "email": "johndoe@example.com", + "hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW", + "disabled": False, + } +} + + +class Token(BaseModel): + access_token: str + token_type: str + + +class TokenData(BaseModel): + username: Union[str, None] = None + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: Union[str, None] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None + disabled: Union[bool, None] = None + + +class UserInDB(User): + hashed_password: str + + +pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto") + +oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token") + +app = FastAPI() + + +def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password): + return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password) + + +def get_password_hash(password): + return pwd_context.hash(password) + + +def get_user(db, username: str): + if username in db: + user_dict = db[username] + return UserInDB(**user_dict) + + +def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str): + user = get_user(fake_db, username) + if not user: + return False + if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password): + return False + return user + + +def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None): + to_encode = data.copy() + if expires_delta: + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta + else: + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15) + to_encode.update({"exp": expire}) + encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM) + return encoded_jwt + + +async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]): + credentials_exception = HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Could not validate credentials", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"}, + ) + try: + payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM]) + username: str = payload.get("sub") + if username is None: + raise credentials_exception + token_data = TokenData(username=username) + except JWTError: + raise credentials_exception + user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username) + if user is None: + raise credentials_exception + return user + + +async def get_current_active_user( + current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)] +): + if current_user.disabled: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user") + return current_user + + +@app.post("/token") +async def login_for_access_token( + form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()] +) -> Token: + user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password) + if not user: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Incorrect username or password", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"}, + ) + access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES) + access_token = create_access_token( + data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires + ) + return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer") + + +@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User) +async def read_users_me( + current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)] +): + return current_user + + +@app.get("/users/me/items/") +async def read_own_items( + current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)] +): + return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}] diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial004_py310.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial004_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8363d45ab --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial004_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status +from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm +from jose import JWTError, jwt +from passlib.context import CryptContext +from pydantic import BaseModel + +# to get a string like this run: +# openssl rand -hex 32 +SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7" +ALGORITHM = "HS256" +ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30 + + +fake_users_db = { + "johndoe": { + "username": "johndoe", + "full_name": "John Doe", + "email": "johndoe@example.com", + "hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW", + "disabled": False, + } +} + + +class Token(BaseModel): + access_token: str + token_type: str + + +class TokenData(BaseModel): + username: str | None = None + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: str | None = None + full_name: str | None = None + disabled: bool | None = None + + +class UserInDB(User): + hashed_password: str + + +pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto") + +oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token") + +app = FastAPI() + + +def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password): + return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password) + + +def get_password_hash(password): + return pwd_context.hash(password) + + +def get_user(db, username: str): + if username in db: + user_dict = db[username] + return UserInDB(**user_dict) + + +def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str): + user = get_user(fake_db, username) + if not user: + return False + if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password): + return False + return user + + +def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: timedelta | None = None): + to_encode = data.copy() + if expires_delta: + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta + else: + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15) + to_encode.update({"exp": expire}) + encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM) + return encoded_jwt + + +async def get_current_user(token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme)): + credentials_exception = HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Could not validate credentials", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"}, + ) + try: + payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM]) + username: str = payload.get("sub") + if username is None: + raise credentials_exception + token_data = TokenData(username=username) + except JWTError: + raise credentials_exception + user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username) + if user is None: + raise credentials_exception + return user + + +async def get_current_active_user(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)): + if current_user.disabled: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user") + return current_user + + +@app.post("/token") +async def login_for_access_token( + form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends() +) -> Token: + user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password) + if not user: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Incorrect username or password", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"}, + ) + access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES) + access_token = create_access_token( + data={"sub": user.username}, expires_delta=access_token_expires + ) + return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer") + + +@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User) +async def read_users_me(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)): + return current_user + + +@app.get("/users/me/items/") +async def read_own_items(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)): + return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}] diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial005.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial005.py index 5b34a09f1..b16bf440a 100644 --- a/docs_src/security/tutorial005.py +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial005.py @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -from datetime import datetime, timedelta -from typing import List, Optional +from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone +from typing import List, Union from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Security, status from fastapi.security import ( @@ -42,15 +42,15 @@ class Token(BaseModel): class TokenData(BaseModel): - username: Optional[str] = None + username: Union[str, None] = None scopes: List[str] = [] class User(BaseModel): username: str - email: Optional[str] = None - full_name: Optional[str] = None - disabled: Optional[bool] = None + email: Union[str, None] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None + disabled: Union[bool, None] = None class UserInDB(User): @@ -90,12 +90,12 @@ def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str): return user -def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Optional[timedelta] = None): +def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None): to_encode = data.copy() if expires_delta: - expire = datetime.utcnow() + expires_delta + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta else: - expire = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(minutes=15) + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15) to_encode.update({"exp": expire}) encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM) return encoded_jwt @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ async def get_current_user( if security_scopes.scopes: authenticate_value = f'Bearer scope="{security_scopes.scope_str}"' else: - authenticate_value = f"Bearer" + authenticate_value = "Bearer" credentials_exception = HTTPException( status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, detail="Could not validate credentials", @@ -143,8 +143,10 @@ async def get_current_active_user( return current_user -@app.post("/token", response_model=Token) -async def login_for_access_token(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends()): +@app.post("/token") +async def login_for_access_token( + form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends() +) -> Token: user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password) if not user: raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect username or password") @@ -153,7 +155,7 @@ async def login_for_access_token(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends( data={"sub": user.username, "scopes": form_data.scopes}, expires_delta=access_token_expires, ) - return {"access_token": access_token, "token_type": "bearer"} + return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer") @app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User) diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial005_an.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial005_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..95e406b32 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial005_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ +from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone +from typing import List, Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Security, status +from fastapi.security import ( + OAuth2PasswordBearer, + OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, + SecurityScopes, +) +from jose import JWTError, jwt +from passlib.context import CryptContext +from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +# to get a string like this run: +# openssl rand -hex 32 +SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7" +ALGORITHM = "HS256" +ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30 + + +fake_users_db = { + "johndoe": { + "username": "johndoe", + "full_name": "John Doe", + "email": "johndoe@example.com", + "hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW", + "disabled": False, + }, + "alice": { + "username": "alice", + "full_name": "Alice Chains", + "email": "alicechains@example.com", + "hashed_password": "$2b$12$gSvqqUPvlXP2tfVFaWK1Be7DlH.PKZbv5H8KnzzVgXXbVxpva.pFm", + "disabled": True, + }, +} + + +class Token(BaseModel): + access_token: str + token_type: str + + +class TokenData(BaseModel): + username: Union[str, None] = None + scopes: List[str] = [] + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: Union[str, None] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None + disabled: Union[bool, None] = None + + +class UserInDB(User): + hashed_password: str + + +pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto") + +oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer( + tokenUrl="token", + scopes={"me": "Read information about the current user.", "items": "Read items."}, +) + +app = FastAPI() + + +def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password): + return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password) + + +def get_password_hash(password): + return pwd_context.hash(password) + + +def get_user(db, username: str): + if username in db: + user_dict = db[username] + return UserInDB(**user_dict) + + +def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str): + user = get_user(fake_db, username) + if not user: + return False + if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password): + return False + return user + + +def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None): + to_encode = data.copy() + if expires_delta: + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta + else: + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15) + to_encode.update({"exp": expire}) + encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM) + return encoded_jwt + + +async def get_current_user( + security_scopes: SecurityScopes, token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)] +): + if security_scopes.scopes: + authenticate_value = f'Bearer scope="{security_scopes.scope_str}"' + else: + authenticate_value = "Bearer" + credentials_exception = HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Could not validate credentials", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": authenticate_value}, + ) + try: + payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM]) + username: str = payload.get("sub") + if username is None: + raise credentials_exception + token_scopes = payload.get("scopes", []) + token_data = TokenData(scopes=token_scopes, username=username) + except (JWTError, ValidationError): + raise credentials_exception + user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username) + if user is None: + raise credentials_exception + for scope in security_scopes.scopes: + if scope not in token_data.scopes: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Not enough permissions", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": authenticate_value}, + ) + return user + + +async def get_current_active_user( + current_user: Annotated[User, Security(get_current_user, scopes=["me"])] +): + if current_user.disabled: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user") + return current_user + + +@app.post("/token") +async def login_for_access_token( + form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()] +) -> Token: + user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password) + if not user: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect username or password") + access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES) + access_token = create_access_token( + data={"sub": user.username, "scopes": form_data.scopes}, + expires_delta=access_token_expires, + ) + return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer") + + +@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User) +async def read_users_me( + current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)] +): + return current_user + + +@app.get("/users/me/items/") +async def read_own_items( + current_user: Annotated[User, Security(get_current_active_user, scopes=["items"])] +): + return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}] + + +@app.get("/status/") +async def read_system_status(current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)]): + return {"status": "ok"} diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c6116a5ed --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,177 @@ +from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Security, status +from fastapi.security import ( + OAuth2PasswordBearer, + OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, + SecurityScopes, +) +from jose import JWTError, jwt +from passlib.context import CryptContext +from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError + +# to get a string like this run: +# openssl rand -hex 32 +SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7" +ALGORITHM = "HS256" +ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30 + + +fake_users_db = { + "johndoe": { + "username": "johndoe", + "full_name": "John Doe", + "email": "johndoe@example.com", + "hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW", + "disabled": False, + }, + "alice": { + "username": "alice", + "full_name": "Alice Chains", + "email": "alicechains@example.com", + "hashed_password": "$2b$12$gSvqqUPvlXP2tfVFaWK1Be7DlH.PKZbv5H8KnzzVgXXbVxpva.pFm", + "disabled": True, + }, +} + + +class Token(BaseModel): + access_token: str + token_type: str + + +class TokenData(BaseModel): + username: str | None = None + scopes: list[str] = [] + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: str | None = None + full_name: str | None = None + disabled: bool | None = None + + +class UserInDB(User): + hashed_password: str + + +pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto") + +oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer( + tokenUrl="token", + scopes={"me": "Read information about the current user.", "items": "Read items."}, +) + +app = FastAPI() + + +def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password): + return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password) + + +def get_password_hash(password): + return pwd_context.hash(password) + + +def get_user(db, username: str): + if username in db: + user_dict = db[username] + return UserInDB(**user_dict) + + +def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str): + user = get_user(fake_db, username) + if not user: + return False + if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password): + return False + return user + + +def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: timedelta | None = None): + to_encode = data.copy() + if expires_delta: + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta + else: + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15) + to_encode.update({"exp": expire}) + encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM) + return encoded_jwt + + +async def get_current_user( + security_scopes: SecurityScopes, token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)] +): + if security_scopes.scopes: + authenticate_value = f'Bearer scope="{security_scopes.scope_str}"' + else: + authenticate_value = "Bearer" + credentials_exception = HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Could not validate credentials", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": authenticate_value}, + ) + try: + payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM]) + username: str = payload.get("sub") + if username is None: + raise credentials_exception + token_scopes = payload.get("scopes", []) + token_data = TokenData(scopes=token_scopes, username=username) + except (JWTError, ValidationError): + raise credentials_exception + user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username) + if user is None: + raise credentials_exception + for scope in security_scopes.scopes: + if scope not in token_data.scopes: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Not enough permissions", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": authenticate_value}, + ) + return user + + +async def get_current_active_user( + current_user: Annotated[User, Security(get_current_user, scopes=["me"])] +): + if current_user.disabled: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user") + return current_user + + +@app.post("/token") +async def login_for_access_token( + form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()] +) -> Token: + user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password) + if not user: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect username or password") + access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES) + access_token = create_access_token( + data={"sub": user.username, "scopes": form_data.scopes}, + expires_delta=access_token_expires, + ) + return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer") + + +@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User) +async def read_users_me( + current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)] +): + return current_user + + +@app.get("/users/me/items/") +async def read_own_items( + current_user: Annotated[User, Security(get_current_active_user, scopes=["items"])] +): + return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}] + + +@app.get("/status/") +async def read_system_status(current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)]): + return {"status": "ok"} diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py39.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..af51c08b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,177 @@ +from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone +from typing import Annotated, List, Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Security, status +from fastapi.security import ( + OAuth2PasswordBearer, + OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, + SecurityScopes, +) +from jose import JWTError, jwt +from passlib.context import CryptContext +from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError + +# to get a string like this run: +# openssl rand -hex 32 +SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7" +ALGORITHM = "HS256" +ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30 + + +fake_users_db = { + "johndoe": { + "username": "johndoe", + "full_name": "John Doe", + "email": "johndoe@example.com", + "hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW", + "disabled": False, + }, + "alice": { + "username": "alice", + "full_name": "Alice Chains", + "email": "alicechains@example.com", + "hashed_password": "$2b$12$gSvqqUPvlXP2tfVFaWK1Be7DlH.PKZbv5H8KnzzVgXXbVxpva.pFm", + "disabled": True, + }, +} + + +class Token(BaseModel): + access_token: str + token_type: str + + +class TokenData(BaseModel): + username: Union[str, None] = None + scopes: List[str] = [] + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: Union[str, None] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None + disabled: Union[bool, None] = None + + +class UserInDB(User): + hashed_password: str + + +pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto") + +oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer( + tokenUrl="token", + scopes={"me": "Read information about the current user.", "items": "Read items."}, +) + +app = FastAPI() + + +def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password): + return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password) + + +def get_password_hash(password): + return pwd_context.hash(password) + + +def get_user(db, username: str): + if username in db: + user_dict = db[username] + return UserInDB(**user_dict) + + +def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str): + user = get_user(fake_db, username) + if not user: + return False + if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password): + return False + return user + + +def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None): + to_encode = data.copy() + if expires_delta: + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta + else: + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15) + to_encode.update({"exp": expire}) + encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM) + return encoded_jwt + + +async def get_current_user( + security_scopes: SecurityScopes, token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)] +): + if security_scopes.scopes: + authenticate_value = f'Bearer scope="{security_scopes.scope_str}"' + else: + authenticate_value = "Bearer" + credentials_exception = HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Could not validate credentials", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": authenticate_value}, + ) + try: + payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM]) + username: str = payload.get("sub") + if username is None: + raise credentials_exception + token_scopes = payload.get("scopes", []) + token_data = TokenData(scopes=token_scopes, username=username) + except (JWTError, ValidationError): + raise credentials_exception + user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username) + if user is None: + raise credentials_exception + for scope in security_scopes.scopes: + if scope not in token_data.scopes: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Not enough permissions", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": authenticate_value}, + ) + return user + + +async def get_current_active_user( + current_user: Annotated[User, Security(get_current_user, scopes=["me"])] +): + if current_user.disabled: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user") + return current_user + + +@app.post("/token") +async def login_for_access_token( + form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()] +) -> Token: + user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password) + if not user: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect username or password") + access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES) + access_token = create_access_token( + data={"sub": user.username, "scopes": form_data.scopes}, + expires_delta=access_token_expires, + ) + return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer") + + +@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User) +async def read_users_me( + current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_active_user)] +): + return current_user + + +@app.get("/users/me/items/") +async def read_own_items( + current_user: Annotated[User, Security(get_current_active_user, scopes=["items"])] +): + return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}] + + +@app.get("/status/") +async def read_system_status(current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)]): + return {"status": "ok"} diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial005_py310.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial005_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..37a22c709 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial005_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Security, status +from fastapi.security import ( + OAuth2PasswordBearer, + OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, + SecurityScopes, +) +from jose import JWTError, jwt +from passlib.context import CryptContext +from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError + +# to get a string like this run: +# openssl rand -hex 32 +SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7" +ALGORITHM = "HS256" +ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30 + + +fake_users_db = { + "johndoe": { + "username": "johndoe", + "full_name": "John Doe", + "email": "johndoe@example.com", + "hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW", + "disabled": False, + }, + "alice": { + "username": "alice", + "full_name": "Alice Chains", + "email": "alicechains@example.com", + "hashed_password": "$2b$12$gSvqqUPvlXP2tfVFaWK1Be7DlH.PKZbv5H8KnzzVgXXbVxpva.pFm", + "disabled": True, + }, +} + + +class Token(BaseModel): + access_token: str + token_type: str + + +class TokenData(BaseModel): + username: str | None = None + scopes: list[str] = [] + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: str | None = None + full_name: str | None = None + disabled: bool | None = None + + +class UserInDB(User): + hashed_password: str + + +pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto") + +oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer( + tokenUrl="token", + scopes={"me": "Read information about the current user.", "items": "Read items."}, +) + +app = FastAPI() + + +def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password): + return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password) + + +def get_password_hash(password): + return pwd_context.hash(password) + + +def get_user(db, username: str): + if username in db: + user_dict = db[username] + return UserInDB(**user_dict) + + +def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str): + user = get_user(fake_db, username) + if not user: + return False + if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password): + return False + return user + + +def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: timedelta | None = None): + to_encode = data.copy() + if expires_delta: + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta + else: + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15) + to_encode.update({"exp": expire}) + encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM) + return encoded_jwt + + +async def get_current_user( + security_scopes: SecurityScopes, token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme) +): + if security_scopes.scopes: + authenticate_value = f'Bearer scope="{security_scopes.scope_str}"' + else: + authenticate_value = "Bearer" + credentials_exception = HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Could not validate credentials", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": authenticate_value}, + ) + try: + payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM]) + username: str = payload.get("sub") + if username is None: + raise credentials_exception + token_scopes = payload.get("scopes", []) + token_data = TokenData(scopes=token_scopes, username=username) + except (JWTError, ValidationError): + raise credentials_exception + user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username) + if user is None: + raise credentials_exception + for scope in security_scopes.scopes: + if scope not in token_data.scopes: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Not enough permissions", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": authenticate_value}, + ) + return user + + +async def get_current_active_user( + current_user: User = Security(get_current_user, scopes=["me"]) +): + if current_user.disabled: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user") + return current_user + + +@app.post("/token") +async def login_for_access_token( + form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends() +) -> Token: + user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password) + if not user: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect username or password") + access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES) + access_token = create_access_token( + data={"sub": user.username, "scopes": form_data.scopes}, + expires_delta=access_token_expires, + ) + return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer") + + +@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User) +async def read_users_me(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)): + return current_user + + +@app.get("/users/me/items/") +async def read_own_items( + current_user: User = Security(get_current_active_user, scopes=["items"]) +): + return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}] + + +@app.get("/status/") +async def read_system_status(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)): + return {"status": "ok"} diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial005_py39.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial005_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c27580763 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial005_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,175 @@ +from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Security, status +from fastapi.security import ( + OAuth2PasswordBearer, + OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, + SecurityScopes, +) +from jose import JWTError, jwt +from passlib.context import CryptContext +from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError + +# to get a string like this run: +# openssl rand -hex 32 +SECRET_KEY = "09d25e094faa6ca2556c818166b7a9563b93f7099f6f0f4caa6cf63b88e8d3e7" +ALGORITHM = "HS256" +ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES = 30 + + +fake_users_db = { + "johndoe": { + "username": "johndoe", + "full_name": "John Doe", + "email": "johndoe@example.com", + "hashed_password": "$2b$12$EixZaYVK1fsbw1ZfbX3OXePaWxn96p36WQoeG6Lruj3vjPGga31lW", + "disabled": False, + }, + "alice": { + "username": "alice", + "full_name": "Alice Chains", + "email": "alicechains@example.com", + "hashed_password": "$2b$12$gSvqqUPvlXP2tfVFaWK1Be7DlH.PKZbv5H8KnzzVgXXbVxpva.pFm", + "disabled": True, + }, +} + + +class Token(BaseModel): + access_token: str + token_type: str + + +class TokenData(BaseModel): + username: Union[str, None] = None + scopes: list[str] = [] + + +class User(BaseModel): + username: str + email: Union[str, None] = None + full_name: Union[str, None] = None + disabled: Union[bool, None] = None + + +class UserInDB(User): + hashed_password: str + + +pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto") + +oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer( + tokenUrl="token", + scopes={"me": "Read information about the current user.", "items": "Read items."}, +) + +app = FastAPI() + + +def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password): + return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password) + + +def get_password_hash(password): + return pwd_context.hash(password) + + +def get_user(db, username: str): + if username in db: + user_dict = db[username] + return UserInDB(**user_dict) + + +def authenticate_user(fake_db, username: str, password: str): + user = get_user(fake_db, username) + if not user: + return False + if not verify_password(password, user.hashed_password): + return False + return user + + +def create_access_token(data: dict, expires_delta: Union[timedelta, None] = None): + to_encode = data.copy() + if expires_delta: + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta + else: + expire = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(minutes=15) + to_encode.update({"exp": expire}) + encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(to_encode, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM) + return encoded_jwt + + +async def get_current_user( + security_scopes: SecurityScopes, token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme) +): + if security_scopes.scopes: + authenticate_value = f'Bearer scope="{security_scopes.scope_str}"' + else: + authenticate_value = "Bearer" + credentials_exception = HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Could not validate credentials", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": authenticate_value}, + ) + try: + payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM]) + username: str = payload.get("sub") + if username is None: + raise credentials_exception + token_scopes = payload.get("scopes", []) + token_data = TokenData(scopes=token_scopes, username=username) + except (JWTError, ValidationError): + raise credentials_exception + user = get_user(fake_users_db, username=token_data.username) + if user is None: + raise credentials_exception + for scope in security_scopes.scopes: + if scope not in token_data.scopes: + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Not enough permissions", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": authenticate_value}, + ) + return user + + +async def get_current_active_user( + current_user: User = Security(get_current_user, scopes=["me"]) +): + if current_user.disabled: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Inactive user") + return current_user + + +@app.post("/token") +async def login_for_access_token( + form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends() +) -> Token: + user = authenticate_user(fake_users_db, form_data.username, form_data.password) + if not user: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Incorrect username or password") + access_token_expires = timedelta(minutes=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES) + access_token = create_access_token( + data={"sub": user.username, "scopes": form_data.scopes}, + expires_delta=access_token_expires, + ) + return Token(access_token=access_token, token_type="bearer") + + +@app.get("/users/me/", response_model=User) +async def read_users_me(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_active_user)): + return current_user + + +@app.get("/users/me/items/") +async def read_own_items( + current_user: User = Security(get_current_active_user, scopes=["items"]) +): + return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}] + + +@app.get("/status/") +async def read_system_status(current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)): + return {"status": "ok"} diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial006_an.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial006_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..985e4b2ad --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial006_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from fastapi.security import HTTPBasic, HTTPBasicCredentials +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + +security = HTTPBasic() + + +@app.get("/users/me") +def read_current_user(credentials: Annotated[HTTPBasicCredentials, Depends(security)]): + return {"username": credentials.username, "password": credentials.password} diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial006_an_py39.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial006_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..03c696a4b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial006_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from fastapi.security import HTTPBasic, HTTPBasicCredentials + +app = FastAPI() + +security = HTTPBasic() + + +@app.get("/users/me") +def read_current_user(credentials: Annotated[HTTPBasicCredentials, Depends(security)]): + return {"username": credentials.username, "password": credentials.password} diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial007.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial007.py index 90b9ac054..ac816eb0c 100644 --- a/docs_src/security/tutorial007.py +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial007.py @@ -9,12 +9,20 @@ security = HTTPBasic() def get_current_username(credentials: HTTPBasicCredentials = Depends(security)): - correct_username = secrets.compare_digest(credentials.username, "stanleyjobson") - correct_password = secrets.compare_digest(credentials.password, "swordfish") - if not (correct_username and correct_password): + current_username_bytes = credentials.username.encode("utf8") + correct_username_bytes = b"stanleyjobson" + is_correct_username = secrets.compare_digest( + current_username_bytes, correct_username_bytes + ) + current_password_bytes = credentials.password.encode("utf8") + correct_password_bytes = b"swordfish" + is_correct_password = secrets.compare_digest( + current_password_bytes, correct_password_bytes + ) + if not (is_correct_username and is_correct_password): raise HTTPException( status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, - detail="Incorrect email or password", + detail="Incorrect username or password", headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Basic"}, ) return credentials.username diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial007_an.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial007_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9e9c3cd70 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial007_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +import secrets + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status +from fastapi.security import HTTPBasic, HTTPBasicCredentials +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + +security = HTTPBasic() + + +def get_current_username( + credentials: Annotated[HTTPBasicCredentials, Depends(security)] +): + current_username_bytes = credentials.username.encode("utf8") + correct_username_bytes = b"stanleyjobson" + is_correct_username = secrets.compare_digest( + current_username_bytes, correct_username_bytes + ) + current_password_bytes = credentials.password.encode("utf8") + correct_password_bytes = b"swordfish" + is_correct_password = secrets.compare_digest( + current_password_bytes, correct_password_bytes + ) + if not (is_correct_username and is_correct_password): + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Incorrect username or password", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Basic"}, + ) + return credentials.username + + +@app.get("/users/me") +def read_current_user(username: Annotated[str, Depends(get_current_username)]): + return {"username": username} diff --git a/docs_src/security/tutorial007_an_py39.py b/docs_src/security/tutorial007_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3d9ea2726 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/security/tutorial007_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +import secrets +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status +from fastapi.security import HTTPBasic, HTTPBasicCredentials + +app = FastAPI() + +security = HTTPBasic() + + +def get_current_username( + credentials: Annotated[HTTPBasicCredentials, Depends(security)] +): + current_username_bytes = credentials.username.encode("utf8") + correct_username_bytes = b"stanleyjobson" + is_correct_username = secrets.compare_digest( + current_username_bytes, correct_username_bytes + ) + current_password_bytes = credentials.password.encode("utf8") + correct_password_bytes = b"swordfish" + is_correct_password = secrets.compare_digest( + current_password_bytes, correct_password_bytes + ) + if not (is_correct_username and is_correct_password): + raise HTTPException( + status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Incorrect username or password", + headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Basic"}, + ) + return credentials.username + + +@app.get("/users/me") +def read_current_user(username: Annotated[str, Depends(get_current_username)]): + return {"username": username} diff --git a/docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..415eef8e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001.py @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +from typing import List, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/items/") +def create_item(item: Item): + return item + + +@app.get("/items/") +def read_items() -> List[Item]: + return [ + Item( + name="Portal Gun", + description="Device to travel through the multi-rick-verse", + ), + Item(name="Plumbus"), + ] diff --git a/docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py310.py b/docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..289cb54ed --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/items/") +def create_item(item: Item): + return item + + +@app.get("/items/") +def read_items() -> list[Item]: + return [ + Item( + name="Portal Gun", + description="Device to travel through the multi-rick-verse", + ), + Item(name="Plumbus"), + ] diff --git a/docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py39.py b/docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..63cffd1e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +from typing import Optional + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Optional[str] = None + + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.post("/items/") +def create_item(item: Item): + return item + + +@app.get("/items/") +def read_items() -> list[Item]: + return [ + Item( + name="Portal Gun", + description="Device to travel through the multi-rick-verse", + ), + Item(name="Plumbus"), + ] diff --git a/docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial002.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7df93783b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial002.py @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +from typing import List, Union + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + + +app = FastAPI(separate_input_output_schemas=False) + + +@app.post("/items/") +def create_item(item: Item): + return item + + +@app.get("/items/") +def read_items() -> List[Item]: + return [ + Item( + name="Portal Gun", + description="Device to travel through the multi-rick-verse", + ), + Item(name="Plumbus"), + ] diff --git a/docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial002_py310.py b/docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial002_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5db210872 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial002_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + + +app = FastAPI(separate_input_output_schemas=False) + + +@app.post("/items/") +def create_item(item: Item): + return item + + +@app.get("/items/") +def read_items() -> list[Item]: + return [ + Item( + name="Portal Gun", + description="Device to travel through the multi-rick-verse", + ), + Item(name="Plumbus"), + ] diff --git a/docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial002_py39.py b/docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial002_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..50d997d92 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial002_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +from typing import Optional + +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseModel + + +class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: Optional[str] = None + + +app = FastAPI(separate_input_output_schemas=False) + + +@app.post("/items/") +def create_item(item: Item): + return item + + +@app.get("/items/") +def read_items() -> list[Item]: + return [ + Item( + name="Portal Gun", + description="Device to travel through the multi-rick-verse", + ), + Item(name="Plumbus"), + ] diff --git a/docs_src/settings/app01/config.py b/docs_src/settings/app01/config.py index defede9db..b31b8811d 100644 --- a/docs_src/settings/app01/config.py +++ b/docs_src/settings/app01/config.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from pydantic import BaseSettings +from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings class Settings(BaseSettings): diff --git a/docs_src/settings/app02/config.py b/docs_src/settings/app02/config.py index 9a7829135..e17b5035d 100644 --- a/docs_src/settings/app02/config.py +++ b/docs_src/settings/app02/config.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from pydantic import BaseSettings +from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings class Settings(BaseSettings): diff --git a/docs_src/settings/app02/main.py b/docs_src/settings/app02/main.py index 163aa2614..941f82e6b 100644 --- a/docs_src/settings/app02/main.py +++ b/docs_src/settings/app02/main.py @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from .config import Settings app = FastAPI() -@lru_cache() +@lru_cache def get_settings(): return Settings() diff --git a/docs/ru/overrides/.gitignore b/docs_src/settings/app02_an/__init__.py similarity index 100% rename from docs/ru/overrides/.gitignore rename to docs_src/settings/app02_an/__init__.py diff --git a/docs_src/settings/app02_an/config.py b/docs_src/settings/app02_an/config.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e17b5035d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/settings/app02_an/config.py @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings + + +class Settings(BaseSettings): + app_name: str = "Awesome API" + admin_email: str + items_per_user: int = 50 diff --git a/docs_src/settings/app02_an/main.py b/docs_src/settings/app02_an/main.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3a578cc33 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/settings/app02_an/main.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +from functools import lru_cache + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +from .config import Settings + +app = FastAPI() + + +@lru_cache +def get_settings(): + return Settings() + + +@app.get("/info") +async def info(settings: Annotated[Settings, Depends(get_settings)]): + return { + "app_name": settings.app_name, + "admin_email": settings.admin_email, + "items_per_user": settings.items_per_user, + } diff --git a/docs_src/settings/app02_an/test_main.py b/docs_src/settings/app02_an/test_main.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a04d7e8e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/settings/app02_an/test_main.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +from .config import Settings +from .main import app, get_settings + +client = TestClient(app) + + +def get_settings_override(): + return Settings(admin_email="testing_admin@example.com") + + +app.dependency_overrides[get_settings] = get_settings_override + + +def test_app(): + response = client.get("/info") + data = response.json() + assert data == { + "app_name": "Awesome API", + "admin_email": "testing_admin@example.com", + "items_per_user": 50, + } diff --git a/docs/sq/overrides/.gitignore b/docs_src/settings/app02_an_py39/__init__.py similarity index 100% rename from docs/sq/overrides/.gitignore rename to docs_src/settings/app02_an_py39/__init__.py diff --git a/docs_src/settings/app02_an_py39/config.py b/docs_src/settings/app02_an_py39/config.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e17b5035d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/settings/app02_an_py39/config.py @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings + + +class Settings(BaseSettings): + app_name: str = "Awesome API" + admin_email: str + items_per_user: int = 50 diff --git a/docs_src/settings/app02_an_py39/main.py b/docs_src/settings/app02_an_py39/main.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6d5db12a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/settings/app02_an_py39/main.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +from functools import lru_cache +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + +from .config import Settings + +app = FastAPI() + + +@lru_cache +def get_settings(): + return Settings() + + +@app.get("/info") +async def info(settings: Annotated[Settings, Depends(get_settings)]): + return { + "app_name": settings.app_name, + "admin_email": settings.admin_email, + "items_per_user": settings.items_per_user, + } diff --git a/docs_src/settings/app02_an_py39/test_main.py b/docs_src/settings/app02_an_py39/test_main.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a04d7e8e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/settings/app02_an_py39/test_main.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient + +from .config import Settings +from .main import app, get_settings + +client = TestClient(app) + + +def get_settings_override(): + return Settings(admin_email="testing_admin@example.com") + + +app.dependency_overrides[get_settings] = get_settings_override + + +def test_app(): + response = client.get("/info") + data = response.json() + assert data == { + "app_name": "Awesome API", + "admin_email": "testing_admin@example.com", + "items_per_user": 50, + } diff --git a/docs_src/settings/app03/config.py b/docs_src/settings/app03/config.py index e1c3ee300..942aea3e5 100644 --- a/docs_src/settings/app03/config.py +++ b/docs_src/settings/app03/config.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from pydantic import BaseSettings +from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings class Settings(BaseSettings): diff --git a/docs_src/settings/app03/main.py b/docs_src/settings/app03/main.py index 69bc8c6e0..ea64a5709 100644 --- a/docs_src/settings/app03/main.py +++ b/docs_src/settings/app03/main.py @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from . import config app = FastAPI() -@lru_cache() +@lru_cache def get_settings(): return config.Settings() diff --git a/docs/tr/overrides/.gitignore b/docs_src/settings/app03_an/__init__.py similarity index 100% rename from docs/tr/overrides/.gitignore rename to docs_src/settings/app03_an/__init__.py diff --git a/docs_src/settings/app03_an/config.py b/docs_src/settings/app03_an/config.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..08f8f88c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/settings/app03_an/config.py @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict + + +class Settings(BaseSettings): + app_name: str = "Awesome API" + admin_email: str + items_per_user: int = 50 + + model_config = SettingsConfigDict(env_file=".env") diff --git a/docs_src/settings/app03_an/config_pv1.py b/docs_src/settings/app03_an/config_pv1.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e1c3ee300 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/settings/app03_an/config_pv1.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +from pydantic import BaseSettings + + +class Settings(BaseSettings): + app_name: str = "Awesome API" + admin_email: str + items_per_user: int = 50 + + class Config: + env_file = ".env" diff --git a/docs_src/settings/app03_an/main.py b/docs_src/settings/app03_an/main.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2f64b9cd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/settings/app03_an/main.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +from functools import lru_cache +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + +from . import config + +app = FastAPI() + + +@lru_cache +def get_settings(): + return config.Settings() + + +@app.get("/info") +async def info(settings: Annotated[config.Settings, Depends(get_settings)]): + return { + "app_name": settings.app_name, + "admin_email": settings.admin_email, + "items_per_user": settings.items_per_user, + } diff --git a/docs/uk/overrides/.gitignore b/docs_src/settings/app03_an_py39/__init__.py similarity index 100% rename from docs/uk/overrides/.gitignore rename to docs_src/settings/app03_an_py39/__init__.py diff --git a/docs_src/settings/app03_an_py39/config.py b/docs_src/settings/app03_an_py39/config.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..942aea3e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/settings/app03_an_py39/config.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings + + +class Settings(BaseSettings): + app_name: str = "Awesome API" + admin_email: str + items_per_user: int = 50 + + class Config: + env_file = ".env" diff --git a/docs_src/settings/app03_an_py39/main.py b/docs_src/settings/app03_an_py39/main.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..62f347639 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/settings/app03_an_py39/main.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +from functools import lru_cache + +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +from . import config + +app = FastAPI() + + +@lru_cache +def get_settings(): + return config.Settings() + + +@app.get("/info") +async def info(settings: Annotated[config.Settings, Depends(get_settings)]): + return { + "app_name": settings.app_name, + "admin_email": settings.admin_email, + "items_per_user": settings.items_per_user, + } diff --git a/docs_src/settings/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/settings/tutorial001.py index 0cfd1b663..d48c4c060 100644 --- a/docs_src/settings/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/settings/tutorial001.py @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ from fastapi import FastAPI -from pydantic import BaseSettings +from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings class Settings(BaseSettings): diff --git a/docs_src/settings/tutorial001_pv1.py b/docs_src/settings/tutorial001_pv1.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0cfd1b663 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/settings/tutorial001_pv1.py @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI +from pydantic import BaseSettings + + +class Settings(BaseSettings): + app_name: str = "Awesome API" + admin_email: str + items_per_user: int = 50 + + +settings = Settings() +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.get("/info") +async def info(): + return { + "app_name": settings.app_name, + "admin_email": settings.admin_email, + "items_per_user": settings.items_per_user, + } diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/models.py b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/models.py index 62d8ab4aa..09ae2a807 100644 --- a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/models.py +++ b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/models.py @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from .database import Base class User(Base): __tablename__ = "users" - id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True) + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) email = Column(String, unique=True, index=True) hashed_password = Column(String) is_active = Column(Boolean, default=True) @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class User(Base): class Item(Base): __tablename__ = "items" - id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True) + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) title = Column(String, index=True) description = Column(String, index=True) owner_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("users.id")) diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py index 51655663a..c49beba88 100644 --- a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py +++ b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/schemas.py @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -from typing import List, Optional +from typing import List, Union from pydantic import BaseModel class ItemBase(BaseModel): title: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None class ItemCreate(ItemBase): diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/tests/test_sql_app.py b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/tests/test_sql_app.py index c60c3356f..5f55add0a 100644 --- a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/tests/test_sql_app.py +++ b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/tests/test_sql_app.py @@ -1,14 +1,17 @@ from fastapi.testclient import TestClient from sqlalchemy import create_engine from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker +from sqlalchemy.pool import StaticPool from ..database import Base from ..main import app, get_db -SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "sqlite:///./test.db" +SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "sqlite://" engine = create_engine( - SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL, connect_args={"check_same_thread": False} + SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL, + connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}, + poolclass=StaticPool, ) TestingSessionLocal = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine) diff --git a/docs/zh/overrides/.gitignore b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/__init__.py similarity index 100% rename from docs/zh/overrides/.gitignore rename to docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/__init__.py diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/alt_main.py b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/alt_main.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5de88ec3a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/alt_main.py @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Request, Response +from sqlalchemy.orm import Session + +from . import crud, models, schemas +from .database import SessionLocal, engine + +models.Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine) + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.middleware("http") +async def db_session_middleware(request: Request, call_next): + response = Response("Internal server error", status_code=500) + try: + request.state.db = SessionLocal() + response = await call_next(request) + finally: + request.state.db.close() + return response + + +# Dependency +def get_db(request: Request): + return request.state.db + + +@app.post("/users/", response_model=schemas.User) +def create_user(user: schemas.UserCreate, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + db_user = crud.get_user_by_email(db, email=user.email) + if db_user: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Email already registered") + return crud.create_user(db=db, user=user) + + +@app.get("/users/", response_model=list[schemas.User]) +def read_users(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + users = crud.get_users(db, skip=skip, limit=limit) + return users + + +@app.get("/users/{user_id}", response_model=schemas.User) +def read_user(user_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + db_user = crud.get_user(db, user_id=user_id) + if db_user is None: + raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="User not found") + return db_user + + +@app.post("/users/{user_id}/items/", response_model=schemas.Item) +def create_item_for_user( + user_id: int, item: schemas.ItemCreate, db: Session = Depends(get_db) +): + return crud.create_user_item(db=db, item=item, user_id=user_id) + + +@app.get("/items/", response_model=list[schemas.Item]) +def read_items(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + items = crud.get_items(db, skip=skip, limit=limit) + return items diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/crud.py b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/crud.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..679acdb5c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/crud.py @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +from sqlalchemy.orm import Session + +from . import models, schemas + + +def get_user(db: Session, user_id: int): + return db.query(models.User).filter(models.User.id == user_id).first() + + +def get_user_by_email(db: Session, email: str): + return db.query(models.User).filter(models.User.email == email).first() + + +def get_users(db: Session, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + return db.query(models.User).offset(skip).limit(limit).all() + + +def create_user(db: Session, user: schemas.UserCreate): + fake_hashed_password = user.password + "notreallyhashed" + db_user = models.User(email=user.email, hashed_password=fake_hashed_password) + db.add(db_user) + db.commit() + db.refresh(db_user) + return db_user + + +def get_items(db: Session, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + return db.query(models.Item).offset(skip).limit(limit).all() + + +def create_user_item(db: Session, item: schemas.ItemCreate, user_id: int): + db_item = models.Item(**item.dict(), owner_id=user_id) + db.add(db_item) + db.commit() + db.refresh(db_item) + return db_item diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/database.py b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/database.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..45a8b9f69 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/database.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from sqlalchemy import create_engine +from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base +from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker + +SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "sqlite:///./sql_app.db" +# SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "postgresql://user:password@postgresserver/db" + +engine = create_engine( + SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL, connect_args={"check_same_thread": False} +) +SessionLocal = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine) + +Base = declarative_base() diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/main.py b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/main.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a9856d0b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/main.py @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException +from sqlalchemy.orm import Session + +from . import crud, models, schemas +from .database import SessionLocal, engine + +models.Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine) + +app = FastAPI() + + +# Dependency +def get_db(): + db = SessionLocal() + try: + yield db + finally: + db.close() + + +@app.post("/users/", response_model=schemas.User) +def create_user(user: schemas.UserCreate, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + db_user = crud.get_user_by_email(db, email=user.email) + if db_user: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Email already registered") + return crud.create_user(db=db, user=user) + + +@app.get("/users/", response_model=list[schemas.User]) +def read_users(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + users = crud.get_users(db, skip=skip, limit=limit) + return users + + +@app.get("/users/{user_id}", response_model=schemas.User) +def read_user(user_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + db_user = crud.get_user(db, user_id=user_id) + if db_user is None: + raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="User not found") + return db_user + + +@app.post("/users/{user_id}/items/", response_model=schemas.Item) +def create_item_for_user( + user_id: int, item: schemas.ItemCreate, db: Session = Depends(get_db) +): + return crud.create_user_item(db=db, item=item, user_id=user_id) + + +@app.get("/items/", response_model=list[schemas.Item]) +def read_items(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + items = crud.get_items(db, skip=skip, limit=limit) + return items diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/models.py b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/models.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09ae2a807 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from sqlalchemy import Boolean, Column, ForeignKey, Integer, String +from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship + +from .database import Base + + +class User(Base): + __tablename__ = "users" + + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) + email = Column(String, unique=True, index=True) + hashed_password = Column(String) + is_active = Column(Boolean, default=True) + + items = relationship("Item", back_populates="owner") + + +class Item(Base): + __tablename__ = "items" + + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) + title = Column(String, index=True) + description = Column(String, index=True) + owner_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("users.id")) + + owner = relationship("User", back_populates="items") diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aea2e3f10 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/schemas.py @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +from pydantic import BaseModel + + +class ItemBase(BaseModel): + title: str + description: str | None = None + + +class ItemCreate(ItemBase): + pass + + +class Item(ItemBase): + id: int + owner_id: int + + class Config: + orm_mode = True + + +class UserBase(BaseModel): + email: str + + +class UserCreate(UserBase): + password: str + + +class User(UserBase): + id: int + is_active: bool + items: list[Item] = [] + + class Config: + orm_mode = True diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/tests/__init__.py b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/tests/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e69de29bb diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/tests/test_sql_app.py b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/tests/test_sql_app.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c60c3356f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py310/tests/test_sql_app.py @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient +from sqlalchemy import create_engine +from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker + +from ..database import Base +from ..main import app, get_db + +SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "sqlite:///./test.db" + +engine = create_engine( + SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL, connect_args={"check_same_thread": False} +) +TestingSessionLocal = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine) + + +Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine) + + +def override_get_db(): + try: + db = TestingSessionLocal() + yield db + finally: + db.close() + + +app.dependency_overrides[get_db] = override_get_db + +client = TestClient(app) + + +def test_create_user(): + response = client.post( + "/users/", + json={"email": "deadpool@example.com", "password": "chimichangas4life"}, + ) + assert response.status_code == 200, response.text + data = response.json() + assert data["email"] == "deadpool@example.com" + assert "id" in data + user_id = data["id"] + + response = client.get(f"/users/{user_id}") + assert response.status_code == 200, response.text + data = response.json() + assert data["email"] == "deadpool@example.com" + assert data["id"] == user_id diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/__init__.py b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e69de29bb diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/alt_main.py b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/alt_main.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5de88ec3a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/alt_main.py @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, Request, Response +from sqlalchemy.orm import Session + +from . import crud, models, schemas +from .database import SessionLocal, engine + +models.Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine) + +app = FastAPI() + + +@app.middleware("http") +async def db_session_middleware(request: Request, call_next): + response = Response("Internal server error", status_code=500) + try: + request.state.db = SessionLocal() + response = await call_next(request) + finally: + request.state.db.close() + return response + + +# Dependency +def get_db(request: Request): + return request.state.db + + +@app.post("/users/", response_model=schemas.User) +def create_user(user: schemas.UserCreate, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + db_user = crud.get_user_by_email(db, email=user.email) + if db_user: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Email already registered") + return crud.create_user(db=db, user=user) + + +@app.get("/users/", response_model=list[schemas.User]) +def read_users(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + users = crud.get_users(db, skip=skip, limit=limit) + return users + + +@app.get("/users/{user_id}", response_model=schemas.User) +def read_user(user_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + db_user = crud.get_user(db, user_id=user_id) + if db_user is None: + raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="User not found") + return db_user + + +@app.post("/users/{user_id}/items/", response_model=schemas.Item) +def create_item_for_user( + user_id: int, item: schemas.ItemCreate, db: Session = Depends(get_db) +): + return crud.create_user_item(db=db, item=item, user_id=user_id) + + +@app.get("/items/", response_model=list[schemas.Item]) +def read_items(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + items = crud.get_items(db, skip=skip, limit=limit) + return items diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/crud.py b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/crud.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..679acdb5c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/crud.py @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +from sqlalchemy.orm import Session + +from . import models, schemas + + +def get_user(db: Session, user_id: int): + return db.query(models.User).filter(models.User.id == user_id).first() + + +def get_user_by_email(db: Session, email: str): + return db.query(models.User).filter(models.User.email == email).first() + + +def get_users(db: Session, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + return db.query(models.User).offset(skip).limit(limit).all() + + +def create_user(db: Session, user: schemas.UserCreate): + fake_hashed_password = user.password + "notreallyhashed" + db_user = models.User(email=user.email, hashed_password=fake_hashed_password) + db.add(db_user) + db.commit() + db.refresh(db_user) + return db_user + + +def get_items(db: Session, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + return db.query(models.Item).offset(skip).limit(limit).all() + + +def create_user_item(db: Session, item: schemas.ItemCreate, user_id: int): + db_item = models.Item(**item.dict(), owner_id=user_id) + db.add(db_item) + db.commit() + db.refresh(db_item) + return db_item diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/database.py b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/database.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..45a8b9f69 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/database.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +from sqlalchemy import create_engine +from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base +from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker + +SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "sqlite:///./sql_app.db" +# SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "postgresql://user:password@postgresserver/db" + +engine = create_engine( + SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL, connect_args={"check_same_thread": False} +) +SessionLocal = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine) + +Base = declarative_base() diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a9856d0b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/main.py @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException +from sqlalchemy.orm import Session + +from . import crud, models, schemas +from .database import SessionLocal, engine + +models.Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine) + +app = FastAPI() + + +# Dependency +def get_db(): + db = SessionLocal() + try: + yield db + finally: + db.close() + + +@app.post("/users/", response_model=schemas.User) +def create_user(user: schemas.UserCreate, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + db_user = crud.get_user_by_email(db, email=user.email) + if db_user: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Email already registered") + return crud.create_user(db=db, user=user) + + +@app.get("/users/", response_model=list[schemas.User]) +def read_users(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + users = crud.get_users(db, skip=skip, limit=limit) + return users + + +@app.get("/users/{user_id}", response_model=schemas.User) +def read_user(user_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + db_user = crud.get_user(db, user_id=user_id) + if db_user is None: + raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="User not found") + return db_user + + +@app.post("/users/{user_id}/items/", response_model=schemas.Item) +def create_item_for_user( + user_id: int, item: schemas.ItemCreate, db: Session = Depends(get_db) +): + return crud.create_user_item(db=db, item=item, user_id=user_id) + + +@app.get("/items/", response_model=list[schemas.Item]) +def read_items(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100, db: Session = Depends(get_db)): + items = crud.get_items(db, skip=skip, limit=limit) + return items diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/models.py b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/models.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09ae2a807 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +from sqlalchemy import Boolean, Column, ForeignKey, Integer, String +from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship + +from .database import Base + + +class User(Base): + __tablename__ = "users" + + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) + email = Column(String, unique=True, index=True) + hashed_password = Column(String) + is_active = Column(Boolean, default=True) + + items = relationship("Item", back_populates="owner") + + +class Item(Base): + __tablename__ = "items" + + id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) + title = Column(String, index=True) + description = Column(String, index=True) + owner_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("users.id")) + + owner = relationship("User", back_populates="items") diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/schemas.py b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/schemas.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dadc403d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/schemas.py @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +from typing import Union + +from pydantic import BaseModel + + +class ItemBase(BaseModel): + title: str + description: Union[str, None] = None + + +class ItemCreate(ItemBase): + pass + + +class Item(ItemBase): + id: int + owner_id: int + + class Config: + orm_mode = True + + +class UserBase(BaseModel): + email: str + + +class UserCreate(UserBase): + password: str + + +class User(UserBase): + id: int + is_active: bool + items: list[Item] = [] + + class Config: + orm_mode = True diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/tests/__init__.py b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/tests/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e69de29bb diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/tests/test_sql_app.py b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/tests/test_sql_app.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c60c3356f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app_py39/tests/test_sql_app.py @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +from fastapi.testclient import TestClient +from sqlalchemy import create_engine +from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker + +from ..database import Base +from ..main import app, get_db + +SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "sqlite:///./test.db" + +engine = create_engine( + SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL, connect_args={"check_same_thread": False} +) +TestingSessionLocal = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine) + + +Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine) + + +def override_get_db(): + try: + db = TestingSessionLocal() + yield db + finally: + db.close() + + +app.dependency_overrides[get_db] = override_get_db + +client = TestClient(app) + + +def test_create_user(): + response = client.post( + "/users/", + json={"email": "deadpool@example.com", "password": "chimichangas4life"}, + ) + assert response.status_code == 200, response.text + data = response.json() + assert data["email"] == "deadpool@example.com" + assert "id" in data + user_id = data["id"] + + response = client.get(f"/users/{user_id}") + assert response.status_code == 200, response.text + data = response.json() + assert data["email"] == "deadpool@example.com" + assert data["id"] == user_id diff --git a/docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/schemas.py b/docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/schemas.py index b715604ee..d8775cb30 100644 --- a/docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/schemas.py +++ b/docs_src/sql_databases_peewee/sql_app/schemas.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Any, List, Optional +from typing import Any, List, Union import peewee from pydantic import BaseModel @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class PeeweeGetterDict(GetterDict): class ItemBase(BaseModel): title: str - description: Optional[str] = None + description: Union[str, None] = None class ItemCreate(ItemBase): diff --git a/docs_src/templates/templates/item.html b/docs_src/templates/templates/item.html index a70287e77..27994ca99 100644 --- a/docs_src/templates/templates/item.html +++ b/docs_src/templates/templates/item.html @@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ -

Item ID: {{ id }}

+

Item ID: {{ id }}

diff --git a/docs_src/templates/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/templates/tutorial001.py index 245e7110b..81ccc8d4d 100644 --- a/docs_src/templates/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/templates/tutorial001.py @@ -13,4 +13,6 @@ templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates") @app.get("/items/{id}", response_class=HTMLResponse) async def read_item(request: Request, id: str): - return templates.TemplateResponse("item.html", {"request": request, "id": id}) + return templates.TemplateResponse( + request=request, name="item.html", context={"id": id} + ) diff --git a/docs_src/websockets/tutorial002.py b/docs_src/websockets/tutorial002.py index 53cdb41ff..cab749e4d 100644 --- a/docs_src/websockets/tutorial002.py +++ b/docs_src/websockets/tutorial002.py @@ -1,6 +1,14 @@ -from typing import Optional +from typing import Union -from fastapi import Cookie, Depends, FastAPI, Query, WebSocket, status +from fastapi import ( + Cookie, + Depends, + FastAPI, + Query, + WebSocket, + WebSocketException, + status, +) from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse app = FastAPI() @@ -57,11 +65,11 @@ async def get(): async def get_cookie_or_token( websocket: WebSocket, - session: Optional[str] = Cookie(None), - token: Optional[str] = Query(None), + session: Union[str, None] = Cookie(default=None), + token: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None), ): if session is None and token is None: - await websocket.close(code=status.WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION) + raise WebSocketException(code=status.WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION) return session or token @@ -69,7 +77,7 @@ async def get_cookie_or_token( async def websocket_endpoint( websocket: WebSocket, item_id: str, - q: Optional[int] = None, + q: Union[int, None] = None, cookie_or_token: str = Depends(get_cookie_or_token), ): await websocket.accept() diff --git a/docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an.py b/docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c838fbd30 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an.py @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +from typing import Union + +from fastapi import ( + Cookie, + Depends, + FastAPI, + Query, + WebSocket, + WebSocketException, + status, +) +from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse +from typing_extensions import Annotated + +app = FastAPI() + +html = """ + + + + Chat + + +

WebSocket Chat

+
+ + + +
+ + +
+
    +
+ + + +""" + + +@app.get("/") +async def get(): + return HTMLResponse(html) + + +async def get_cookie_or_token( + websocket: WebSocket, + session: Annotated[Union[str, None], Cookie()] = None, + token: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query()] = None, +): + if session is None and token is None: + raise WebSocketException(code=status.WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION) + return session or token + + +@app.websocket("/items/{item_id}/ws") +async def websocket_endpoint( + *, + websocket: WebSocket, + item_id: str, + q: Union[int, None] = None, + cookie_or_token: Annotated[str, Depends(get_cookie_or_token)], +): + await websocket.accept() + while True: + data = await websocket.receive_text() + await websocket.send_text( + f"Session cookie or query token value is: {cookie_or_token}" + ) + if q is not None: + await websocket.send_text(f"Query parameter q is: {q}") + await websocket.send_text(f"Message text was: {data}, for item ID: {item_id}") diff --git a/docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py310.py b/docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..551539b32 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +from typing import Annotated + +from fastapi import ( + Cookie, + Depends, + FastAPI, + Query, + WebSocket, + WebSocketException, + status, +) +from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse + +app = FastAPI() + +html = """ + + + + Chat + + +

WebSocket Chat

+
+ + + +
+ + +
+
    +
+ + + +""" + + +@app.get("/") +async def get(): + return HTMLResponse(html) + + +async def get_cookie_or_token( + websocket: WebSocket, + session: Annotated[str | None, Cookie()] = None, + token: Annotated[str | None, Query()] = None, +): + if session is None and token is None: + raise WebSocketException(code=status.WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION) + return session or token + + +@app.websocket("/items/{item_id}/ws") +async def websocket_endpoint( + *, + websocket: WebSocket, + item_id: str, + q: int | None = None, + cookie_or_token: Annotated[str, Depends(get_cookie_or_token)], +): + await websocket.accept() + while True: + data = await websocket.receive_text() + await websocket.send_text( + f"Session cookie or query token value is: {cookie_or_token}" + ) + if q is not None: + await websocket.send_text(f"Query parameter q is: {q}") + await websocket.send_text(f"Message text was: {data}, for item ID: {item_id}") diff --git a/docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py39.py b/docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..606d355fe --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_an_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +from typing import Annotated, Union + +from fastapi import ( + Cookie, + Depends, + FastAPI, + Query, + WebSocket, + WebSocketException, + status, +) +from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse + +app = FastAPI() + +html = """ + + + + Chat + + +

WebSocket Chat

+
+ + + +
+ + +
+
    +
+ + + +""" + + +@app.get("/") +async def get(): + return HTMLResponse(html) + + +async def get_cookie_or_token( + websocket: WebSocket, + session: Annotated[Union[str, None], Cookie()] = None, + token: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query()] = None, +): + if session is None and token is None: + raise WebSocketException(code=status.WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION) + return session or token + + +@app.websocket("/items/{item_id}/ws") +async def websocket_endpoint( + *, + websocket: WebSocket, + item_id: str, + q: Union[int, None] = None, + cookie_or_token: Annotated[str, Depends(get_cookie_or_token)], +): + await websocket.accept() + while True: + data = await websocket.receive_text() + await websocket.send_text( + f"Session cookie or query token value is: {cookie_or_token}" + ) + if q is not None: + await websocket.send_text(f"Query parameter q is: {q}") + await websocket.send_text(f"Message text was: {data}, for item ID: {item_id}") diff --git a/docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_py310.py b/docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_py310.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..51daf58e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/websockets/tutorial002_py310.py @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +from fastapi import ( + Cookie, + Depends, + FastAPI, + Query, + WebSocket, + WebSocketException, + status, +) +from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse + +app = FastAPI() + +html = """ + + + + Chat + + +

WebSocket Chat

+
+ + + +
+ + +
+
    +
+ + + +""" + + +@app.get("/") +async def get(): + return HTMLResponse(html) + + +async def get_cookie_or_token( + websocket: WebSocket, + session: str | None = Cookie(default=None), + token: str | None = Query(default=None), +): + if session is None and token is None: + raise WebSocketException(code=status.WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION) + return session or token + + +@app.websocket("/items/{item_id}/ws") +async def websocket_endpoint( + websocket: WebSocket, + item_id: str, + q: int | None = None, + cookie_or_token: str = Depends(get_cookie_or_token), +): + await websocket.accept() + while True: + data = await websocket.receive_text() + await websocket.send_text( + f"Session cookie or query token value is: {cookie_or_token}" + ) + if q is not None: + await websocket.send_text(f"Query parameter q is: {q}") + await websocket.send_text(f"Message text was: {data}, for item ID: {item_id}") diff --git a/docs_src/websockets/tutorial003_py39.py b/docs_src/websockets/tutorial003_py39.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..316218088 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs_src/websockets/tutorial003_py39.py @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +from fastapi import FastAPI, WebSocket, WebSocketDisconnect +from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse + +app = FastAPI() + +html = """ + + + + Chat + + +

WebSocket Chat

+

Your ID:

+
+ + +
+
    +
+ + + +""" + + +class ConnectionManager: + def __init__(self): + self.active_connections: list[WebSocket] = [] + + async def connect(self, websocket: WebSocket): + await websocket.accept() + self.active_connections.append(websocket) + + def disconnect(self, websocket: WebSocket): + self.active_connections.remove(websocket) + + async def send_personal_message(self, message: str, websocket: WebSocket): + await websocket.send_text(message) + + async def broadcast(self, message: str): + for connection in self.active_connections: + await connection.send_text(message) + + +manager = ConnectionManager() + + +@app.get("/") +async def get(): + return HTMLResponse(html) + + +@app.websocket("/ws/{client_id}") +async def websocket_endpoint(websocket: WebSocket, client_id: int): + await manager.connect(websocket) + try: + while True: + data = await websocket.receive_text() + await manager.send_personal_message(f"You wrote: {data}", websocket) + await manager.broadcast(f"Client #{client_id} says: {data}") + except WebSocketDisconnect: + manager.disconnect(websocket) + await manager.broadcast(f"Client #{client_id} left the chat") diff --git a/docs_src/wsgi/tutorial001.py b/docs_src/wsgi/tutorial001.py index 500ecf883..7f27a85a1 100644 --- a/docs_src/wsgi/tutorial001.py +++ b/docs_src/wsgi/tutorial001.py @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ from fastapi import FastAPI from fastapi.middleware.wsgi import WSGIMiddleware -from flask import Flask, escape, request +from flask import Flask, request +from markupsafe import escape flask_app = Flask(__name__) diff --git a/fastapi/__init__.py b/fastapi/__init__.py index 4d4d4333d..3458b9e5b 100644 --- a/fastapi/__init__.py +++ b/fastapi/__init__.py @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ """FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production""" -__version__ = "0.70.0" +__version__ = "0.109.2" from starlette import status as status @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from .applications import FastAPI as FastAPI from .background import BackgroundTasks as BackgroundTasks from .datastructures import UploadFile as UploadFile from .exceptions import HTTPException as HTTPException +from .exceptions import WebSocketException as WebSocketException from .param_functions import Body as Body from .param_functions import Cookie as Cookie from .param_functions import Depends as Depends diff --git a/fastapi/_compat.py b/fastapi/_compat.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000..35d4a8723 --- /dev/null +++ b/fastapi/_compat.py @@ -0,0 +1,634 @@ +from collections import deque +from copy import copy +from dataclasses import dataclass, is_dataclass +from enum import Enum +from typing import ( + Any, + Callable, + Deque, + Dict, + FrozenSet, + List, + Mapping, + Sequence, + Set, + Tuple, + Type, + Union, +) + +from fastapi.exceptions import RequestErrorModel +from fastapi.types import IncEx, ModelNameMap, UnionType +from pydantic import BaseModel, create_model +from pydantic.version import VERSION as PYDANTIC_VERSION +from starlette.datastructures import UploadFile +from typing_extensions import Annotated, Literal, get_args, get_origin + +PYDANTIC_V2 = PYDANTIC_VERSION.startswith("2.") + + +sequence_annotation_to_type = { + Sequence: list, + List: list, + list: list, + Tuple: tuple, + tuple: tuple, + Set: set, + set: set, + FrozenSet: frozenset, + frozenset: frozenset, + Deque: deque, + deque: deque, +} + +sequence_types = tuple(sequence_annotation_to_type.keys()) + +if PYDANTIC_V2: + from pydantic import PydanticSchemaGenerationError as PydanticSchemaGenerationError + from pydantic import TypeAdapter + from pydantic import ValidationError as ValidationError + from pydantic._internal._schema_generation_shared import ( # type: ignore[attr-defined] + GetJsonSchemaHandler as GetJsonSchemaHandler, + ) + from pydantic._internal._typing_extra import eval_type_lenient + from pydantic._internal._utils import lenient_issubclass as lenient_issubclass + from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo + from pydantic.json_schema import GenerateJsonSchema as GenerateJsonSchema + from pydantic.json_schema import JsonSchemaValue as JsonSchemaValue + from pydantic_core import CoreSchema as CoreSchema + from pydantic_core import PydanticUndefined, PydanticUndefinedType + from pydantic_core import Url as Url + + try: + from pydantic_core.core_schema import ( + with_info_plain_validator_function as with_info_plain_validator_function, + ) + except ImportError: # pragma: no cover + from pydantic_core.core_schema import ( + general_plain_validator_function as with_info_plain_validator_function, # noqa: F401 + ) + + Required = PydanticUndefined + Undefined = PydanticUndefined + UndefinedType = PydanticUndefinedType + evaluate_forwardref = eval_type_lenient + Validator = Any + + class BaseConfig: + pass + + class ErrorWrapper(Exception): + pass + + @dataclass + class ModelField: + field_info: FieldInfo + name: str + mode: Literal["validation", "serialization"] = "validation" + + @property + def alias(self) -> str: + a = self.field_info.alias + return a if a is not None else self.name + + @property + def required(self) -> bool: + return self.field_info.is_required() + + @property + def default(self) -> Any: + return self.get_default() + + @property + def type_(self) -> Any: + return self.field_info.annotation + + def __post_init__(self) -> None: + self._type_adapter: TypeAdapter[Any] = TypeAdapter( + Annotated[self.field_info.annotation, self.field_info] + ) + + def get_default(self) -> Any: + if self.field_info.is_required(): + return Undefined + return self.field_info.get_default(call_default_factory=True) + + def validate( + self, + value: Any, + values: Dict[str, Any] = {}, # noqa: B006 + *, + loc: Tuple[Union[int, str], ...] = (), + ) -> Tuple[Any, Union[List[Dict[str, Any]], None]]: + try: + return ( + self._type_adapter.validate_python(value, from_attributes=True), + None, + ) + except ValidationError as exc: + return None, _regenerate_error_with_loc( + errors=exc.errors(), loc_prefix=loc + ) + + def serialize( + self, + value: Any, + *, + mode: Literal["json", "python"] = "json", + include: Union[IncEx, None] = None, + exclude: Union[IncEx, None] = None, + by_alias: bool = True, + exclude_unset: bool = False, + exclude_defaults: bool = False, + exclude_none: bool = False, + ) -> Any: + # What calls this code passes a value that already called + # self._type_adapter.validate_python(value) + return self._type_adapter.dump_python( + value, + mode=mode, + include=include, + exclude=exclude, + by_alias=by_alias, + exclude_unset=exclude_unset, + exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults, + exclude_none=exclude_none, + ) + + def __hash__(self) -> int: + # Each ModelField is unique for our purposes, to allow making a dict from + # ModelField to its JSON Schema. + return id(self) + + def get_annotation_from_field_info( + annotation: Any, field_info: FieldInfo, field_name: str + ) -> Any: + return annotation + + def _normalize_errors(errors: Sequence[Any]) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]: + return errors # type: ignore[return-value] + + def _model_rebuild(model: Type[BaseModel]) -> None: + model.model_rebuild() + + def _model_dump( + model: BaseModel, mode: Literal["json", "python"] = "json", **kwargs: Any + ) -> Any: + return model.model_dump(mode=mode, **kwargs) + + def _get_model_config(model: BaseModel) -> Any: + return model.model_config + + def get_schema_from_model_field( + *, + field: ModelField, + schema_generator: GenerateJsonSchema, + model_name_map: ModelNameMap, + field_mapping: Dict[ + Tuple[ModelField, Literal["validation", "serialization"]], JsonSchemaValue + ], + separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True, + ) -> Dict[str, Any]: + override_mode: Union[Literal["validation"], None] = ( + None if separate_input_output_schemas else "validation" + ) + # This expects that GenerateJsonSchema was already used to generate the definitions + json_schema = field_mapping[(field, override_mode or field.mode)] + if "$ref" not in json_schema: + # TODO remove when deprecating Pydantic v1 + # Ref: https://github.com/pydantic/pydantic/blob/d61792cc42c80b13b23e3ffa74bc37ec7c77f7d1/pydantic/schema.py#L207 + json_schema["title"] = ( + field.field_info.title or field.alias.title().replace("_", " ") + ) + return json_schema + + def get_compat_model_name_map(fields: List[ModelField]) -> ModelNameMap: + return {} + + def get_definitions( + *, + fields: List[ModelField], + schema_generator: GenerateJsonSchema, + model_name_map: ModelNameMap, + separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True, + ) -> Tuple[ + Dict[ + Tuple[ModelField, Literal["validation", "serialization"]], JsonSchemaValue + ], + Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]], + ]: + override_mode: Union[Literal["validation"], None] = ( + None if separate_input_output_schemas else "validation" + ) + inputs = [ + (field, override_mode or field.mode, field._type_adapter.core_schema) + for field in fields + ] + field_mapping, definitions = schema_generator.generate_definitions( + inputs=inputs + ) + return field_mapping, definitions # type: ignore[return-value] + + def is_scalar_field(field: ModelField) -> bool: + from fastapi import params + + return field_annotation_is_scalar( + field.field_info.annotation + ) and not isinstance(field.field_info, params.Body) + + def is_sequence_field(field: ModelField) -> bool: + return field_annotation_is_sequence(field.field_info.annotation) + + def is_scalar_sequence_field(field: ModelField) -> bool: + return field_annotation_is_scalar_sequence(field.field_info.annotation) + + def is_bytes_field(field: ModelField) -> bool: + return is_bytes_or_nonable_bytes_annotation(field.type_) + + def is_bytes_sequence_field(field: ModelField) -> bool: + return is_bytes_sequence_annotation(field.type_) + + def copy_field_info(*, field_info: FieldInfo, annotation: Any) -> FieldInfo: + cls = type(field_info) + merged_field_info = cls.from_annotation(annotation) + new_field_info = copy(field_info) + new_field_info.metadata = merged_field_info.metadata + new_field_info.annotation = merged_field_info.annotation + return new_field_info + + def serialize_sequence_value(*, field: ModelField, value: Any) -> Sequence[Any]: + origin_type = ( + get_origin(field.field_info.annotation) or field.field_info.annotation + ) + assert issubclass(origin_type, sequence_types) # type: ignore[arg-type] + return sequence_annotation_to_type[origin_type](value) # type: ignore[no-any-return] + + def get_missing_field_error(loc: Tuple[str, ...]) -> Dict[str, Any]: + error = ValidationError.from_exception_data( + "Field required", [{"type": "missing", "loc": loc, "input": {}}] + ).errors()[0] + error["input"] = None + return error # type: ignore[return-value] + + def create_body_model( + *, fields: Sequence[ModelField], model_name: str + ) -> Type[BaseModel]: + field_params = {f.name: (f.field_info.annotation, f.field_info) for f in fields} + BodyModel: Type[BaseModel] = create_model(model_name, **field_params) # type: ignore[call-overload] + return BodyModel + +else: + from fastapi.openapi.constants import REF_PREFIX as REF_PREFIX + from pydantic import AnyUrl as Url # noqa: F401 + from pydantic import ( # type: ignore[assignment] + BaseConfig as BaseConfig, # noqa: F401 + ) + from pydantic import ValidationError as ValidationError # noqa: F401 + from pydantic.class_validators import ( # type: ignore[no-redef] + Validator as Validator, # noqa: F401 + ) + from pydantic.error_wrappers import ( # type: ignore[no-redef] + ErrorWrapper as ErrorWrapper, # noqa: F401 + ) + from pydantic.errors import MissingError + from pydantic.fields import ( # type: ignore[attr-defined] + SHAPE_FROZENSET, + SHAPE_LIST, + SHAPE_SEQUENCE, + SHAPE_SET, + SHAPE_SINGLETON, + SHAPE_TUPLE, + SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS, + ) + from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo as FieldInfo + from pydantic.fields import ( # type: ignore[no-redef,attr-defined] + ModelField as ModelField, # noqa: F401 + ) + from pydantic.fields import ( # type: ignore[no-redef,attr-defined] + Required as Required, # noqa: F401 + ) + from pydantic.fields import ( # type: ignore[no-redef,attr-defined] + Undefined as Undefined, + ) + from pydantic.fields import ( # type: ignore[no-redef, attr-defined] + UndefinedType as UndefinedType, # noqa: F401 + ) + from pydantic.schema import ( + field_schema, + get_flat_models_from_fields, + get_model_name_map, + model_process_schema, + ) + from pydantic.schema import ( # type: ignore[no-redef] # noqa: F401 + get_annotation_from_field_info as get_annotation_from_field_info, + ) + from pydantic.typing import ( # type: ignore[no-redef] + evaluate_forwardref as evaluate_forwardref, # noqa: F401 + ) + from pydantic.utils import ( # type: ignore[no-redef] + lenient_issubclass as lenient_issubclass, # noqa: F401 + ) + + GetJsonSchemaHandler = Any # type: ignore[assignment,misc] + JsonSchemaValue = Dict[str, Any] # type: ignore[misc] + CoreSchema = Any # type: ignore[assignment,misc] + + sequence_shapes = { + SHAPE_LIST, + SHAPE_SET, + SHAPE_FROZENSET, + SHAPE_TUPLE, + SHAPE_SEQUENCE, + SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS, + } + sequence_shape_to_type = { + SHAPE_LIST: list, + SHAPE_SET: set, + SHAPE_TUPLE: tuple, + SHAPE_SEQUENCE: list, + SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS: list, + } + + @dataclass + class GenerateJsonSchema: # type: ignore[no-redef] + ref_template: str + + class PydanticSchemaGenerationError(Exception): # type: ignore[no-redef] + pass + + def with_info_plain_validator_function( # type: ignore[misc] + function: Callable[..., Any], + *, + ref: Union[str, None] = None, + metadata: Any = None, + serialization: Any = None, + ) -> Any: + return {} + + def get_model_definitions( + *, + flat_models: Set[Union[Type[BaseModel], Type[Enum]]], + model_name_map: Dict[Union[Type[BaseModel], Type[Enum]], str], + ) -> Dict[str, Any]: + definitions: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {} + for model in flat_models: + m_schema, m_definitions, m_nested_models = model_process_schema( + model, model_name_map=model_name_map, ref_prefix=REF_PREFIX + ) + definitions.update(m_definitions) + model_name = model_name_map[model] + if "description" in m_schema: + m_schema["description"] = m_schema["description"].split("\f")[0] + definitions[model_name] = m_schema + return definitions + + def is_pv1_scalar_field(field: ModelField) -> bool: + from fastapi import params + + field_info = field.field_info + if not ( + field.shape == SHAPE_SINGLETON # type: ignore[attr-defined] + and not lenient_issubclass(field.type_, BaseModel) + and not lenient_issubclass(field.type_, dict) + and not field_annotation_is_sequence(field.type_) + and not is_dataclass(field.type_) + and not isinstance(field_info, params.Body) + ): + return False + if field.sub_fields: # type: ignore[attr-defined] + if not all( + is_pv1_scalar_field(f) + for f in field.sub_fields # type: ignore[attr-defined] + ): + return False + return True + + def is_pv1_scalar_sequence_field(field: ModelField) -> bool: + if (field.shape in sequence_shapes) and not lenient_issubclass( # type: ignore[attr-defined] + field.type_, BaseModel + ): + if field.sub_fields is not None: # type: ignore[attr-defined] + for sub_field in field.sub_fields: # type: ignore[attr-defined] + if not is_pv1_scalar_field(sub_field): + return False + return True + if _annotation_is_sequence(field.type_): + return True + return False + + def _normalize_errors(errors: Sequence[Any]) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]: + use_errors: List[Any] = [] + for error in errors: + if isinstance(error, ErrorWrapper): + new_errors = ValidationError( # type: ignore[call-arg] + errors=[error], model=RequestErrorModel + ).errors() + use_errors.extend(new_errors) + elif isinstance(error, list): + use_errors.extend(_normalize_errors(error)) + else: + use_errors.append(error) + return use_errors + + def _model_rebuild(model: Type[BaseModel]) -> None: + model.update_forward_refs() + + def _model_dump( + model: BaseModel, mode: Literal["json", "python"] = "json", **kwargs: Any + ) -> Any: + return model.dict(**kwargs) + + def _get_model_config(model: BaseModel) -> Any: + return model.__config__ # type: ignore[attr-defined] + + def get_schema_from_model_field( + *, + field: ModelField, + schema_generator: GenerateJsonSchema, + model_name_map: ModelNameMap, + field_mapping: Dict[ + Tuple[ModelField, Literal["validation", "serialization"]], JsonSchemaValue + ], + separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True, + ) -> Dict[str, Any]: + # This expects that GenerateJsonSchema was already used to generate the definitions + return field_schema( # type: ignore[no-any-return] + field, model_name_map=model_name_map, ref_prefix=REF_PREFIX + )[0] + + def get_compat_model_name_map(fields: List[ModelField]) -> ModelNameMap: + models = get_flat_models_from_fields(fields, known_models=set()) + return get_model_name_map(models) # type: ignore[no-any-return] + + def get_definitions( + *, + fields: List[ModelField], + schema_generator: GenerateJsonSchema, + model_name_map: ModelNameMap, + separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True, + ) -> Tuple[ + Dict[ + Tuple[ModelField, Literal["validation", "serialization"]], JsonSchemaValue + ], + Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]], + ]: + models = get_flat_models_from_fields(fields, known_models=set()) + return {}, get_model_definitions( + flat_models=models, model_name_map=model_name_map + ) + + def is_scalar_field(field: ModelField) -> bool: + return is_pv1_scalar_field(field) + + def is_sequence_field(field: ModelField) -> bool: + return field.shape in sequence_shapes or _annotation_is_sequence(field.type_) # type: ignore[attr-defined] + + def is_scalar_sequence_field(field: ModelField) -> bool: + return is_pv1_scalar_sequence_field(field) + + def is_bytes_field(field: ModelField) -> bool: + return lenient_issubclass(field.type_, bytes) + + def is_bytes_sequence_field(field: ModelField) -> bool: + return field.shape in sequence_shapes and lenient_issubclass(field.type_, bytes) # type: ignore[attr-defined] + + def copy_field_info(*, field_info: FieldInfo, annotation: Any) -> FieldInfo: + return copy(field_info) + + def serialize_sequence_value(*, field: ModelField, value: Any) -> Sequence[Any]: + return sequence_shape_to_type[field.shape](value) # type: ignore[no-any-return,attr-defined] + + def get_missing_field_error(loc: Tuple[str, ...]) -> Dict[str, Any]: + missing_field_error = ErrorWrapper(MissingError(), loc=loc) # type: ignore[call-arg] + new_error = ValidationError([missing_field_error], RequestErrorModel) + return new_error.errors()[0] # type: ignore[return-value] + + def create_body_model( + *, fields: Sequence[ModelField], model_name: str + ) -> Type[BaseModel]: + BodyModel = create_model(model_name) + for f in fields: + BodyModel.__fields__[f.name] = f # type: ignore[index] + return BodyModel + + +def _regenerate_error_with_loc( + *, errors: Sequence[Any], loc_prefix: Tuple[Union[str, int], ...] +) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]: + updated_loc_errors: List[Any] = [ + {**err, "loc": loc_prefix + err.get("loc", ())} + for err in _normalize_errors(errors) + ] + + return updated_loc_errors + + +def _annotation_is_sequence(annotation: Union[Type[Any], None]) -> bool: + if lenient_issubclass(annotation, (str, bytes)): + return False + return lenient_issubclass(annotation, sequence_types) + + +def field_annotation_is_sequence(annotation: Union[Type[Any], None]) -> bool: + return _annotation_is_sequence(annotation) or _annotation_is_sequence( + get_origin(annotation) + ) + + +def value_is_sequence(value: Any) -> bool: + return isinstance(value, sequence_types) and not isinstance(value, (str, bytes)) # type: ignore[arg-type] + + +def _annotation_is_complex(annotation: Union[Type[Any], None]) -> bool: + return ( + lenient_issubclass(annotation, (BaseModel, Mapping, UploadFile)) + or _annotation_is_sequence(annotation) + or is_dataclass(annotation) + ) + + +def field_annotation_is_complex(annotation: Union[Type[Any], None]) -> bool: + origin = get_origin(annotation) + if origin is Union or origin is UnionType: + return any(field_annotation_is_complex(arg) for arg in get_args(annotation)) + + return ( + _annotation_is_complex(annotation) + or _annotation_is_complex(origin) + or hasattr(origin, "__pydantic_core_schema__") + or hasattr(origin, "__get_pydantic_core_schema__") + ) + + +def field_annotation_is_scalar(annotation: Any) -> bool: + # handle Ellipsis here to make tuple[int, ...] work nicely + return annotation is Ellipsis or not field_annotation_is_complex(annotation) + + +def field_annotation_is_scalar_sequence(annotation: Union[Type[Any], None]) -> bool: + origin = get_origin(annotation) + if origin is Union or origin is UnionType: + at_least_one_scalar_sequence = False + for arg in get_args(annotation): + if field_annotation_is_scalar_sequence(arg): + at_least_one_scalar_sequence = True + continue + elif not field_annotation_is_scalar(arg): + return False + return at_least_one_scalar_sequence + return field_annotation_is_sequence(annotation) and all( + field_annotation_is_scalar(sub_annotation) + for sub_annotation in get_args(annotation) + ) + + +def is_bytes_or_nonable_bytes_annotation(annotation: Any) -> bool: + if lenient_issubclass(annotation, bytes): + return True + origin = get_origin(annotation) + if origin is Union or origin is UnionType: + for arg in get_args(annotation): + if lenient_issubclass(arg, bytes): + return True + return False + + +def is_uploadfile_or_nonable_uploadfile_annotation(annotation: Any) -> bool: + if lenient_issubclass(annotation, UploadFile): + return True + origin = get_origin(annotation) + if origin is Union or origin is UnionType: + for arg in get_args(annotation): + if lenient_issubclass(arg, UploadFile): + return True + return False + + +def is_bytes_sequence_annotation(annotation: Any) -> bool: + origin = get_origin(annotation) + if origin is Union or origin is UnionType: + at_least_one = False + for arg in get_args(annotation): + if is_bytes_sequence_annotation(arg): + at_least_one = True + continue + return at_least_one + return field_annotation_is_sequence(annotation) and all( + is_bytes_or_nonable_bytes_annotation(sub_annotation) + for sub_annotation in get_args(annotation) + ) + + +def is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation(annotation: Any) -> bool: + origin = get_origin(annotation) + if origin is Union or origin is UnionType: + at_least_one = False + for arg in get_args(annotation): + if is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation(arg): + at_least_one = True + continue + return at_least_one + return field_annotation_is_sequence(annotation) and all( + is_uploadfile_or_nonable_uploadfile_annotation(sub_annotation) + for sub_annotation in get_args(annotation) + ) diff --git a/fastapi/applications.py b/fastapi/applications.py index 0c25026e2..ffe9da358 100644 --- a/fastapi/applications.py +++ b/fastapi/applications.py @@ -1,14 +1,26 @@ -from typing import Any, Callable, Coroutine, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Type, Union +from enum import Enum +from typing import ( + Any, + Awaitable, + Callable, + Coroutine, + Dict, + List, + Optional, + Sequence, + Type, + TypeVar, + Union, +) from fastapi import routing -from fastapi.concurrency import AsyncExitStack from fastapi.datastructures import Default, DefaultPlaceholder -from fastapi.encoders import DictIntStrAny, SetIntStr from fastapi.exception_handlers import ( http_exception_handler, request_validation_exception_handler, + websocket_request_validation_exception_handler, ) -from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError +from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError, WebSocketRequestValidationError from fastapi.logger import logger from fastapi.openapi.docs import ( get_redoc_html, @@ -17,95 +29,851 @@ from fastapi.openapi.docs import ( ) from fastapi.openapi.utils import get_openapi from fastapi.params import Depends -from fastapi.types import DecoratedCallable +from fastapi.types import DecoratedCallable, IncEx +from fastapi.utils import generate_unique_id from starlette.applications import Starlette from starlette.datastructures import State from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException from starlette.middleware import Middleware +from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware from starlette.requests import Request from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse, JSONResponse, Response from starlette.routing import BaseRoute -from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Receive, Scope, Send +from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Lifespan, Receive, Scope, Send +from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc, deprecated # type: ignore [attr-defined] + +AppType = TypeVar("AppType", bound="FastAPI") class FastAPI(Starlette): + """ + `FastAPI` app class, the main entrypoint to use FastAPI. + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for First Steps](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/first-steps/). + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + app = FastAPI() + ``` + """ + def __init__( - self, + self: AppType, *, - debug: bool = False, - routes: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, - title: str = "FastAPI", - description: str = "", - version: str = "0.1.0", - openapi_url: Optional[str] = "/openapi.json", - openapi_tags: Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - servers: Optional[List[Dict[str, Union[str, Any]]]] = None, - dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, - default_response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), - docs_url: Optional[str] = "/docs", - redoc_url: Optional[str] = "/redoc", - swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url: Optional[str] = "/docs/oauth2-redirect", - swagger_ui_init_oauth: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, - middleware: Optional[Sequence[Middleware]] = None, - exception_handlers: Optional[ - Dict[ - Union[int, Type[Exception]], - Callable[[Request, Any], Coroutine[Any, Any, Response]], - ] + debug: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Boolean indicating if debug tracebacks should be returned on server + errors. + + Read more in the + [Starlette docs for Applications](https://www.starlette.io/applications/#instantiating-the-application). + """ + ), + ] = False, + routes: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + **Note**: you probably shouldn't use this parameter, it is inherited + from Starlette and supported for compatibility. + + --- + + A list of routes to serve incoming HTTP and WebSocket requests. + """ + ), + deprecated( + """ + You normally wouldn't use this parameter with FastAPI, it is inherited + from Starlette and supported for compatibility. + + In FastAPI, you normally would use the *path operation methods*, + like `app.get()`, `app.post()`, etc. + """ + ), ] = None, - on_startup: Optional[Sequence[Callable[[], Any]]] = None, - on_shutdown: Optional[Sequence[Callable[[], Any]]] = None, - terms_of_service: Optional[str] = None, - contact: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, Any]]] = None, - license_info: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, Any]]] = None, - openapi_prefix: str = "", - root_path: str = "", - root_path_in_servers: bool = True, - responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - include_in_schema: bool = True, - **extra: Any, + title: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The title of the API. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api). + + **Example** + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + app = FastAPI(title="ChimichangApp") + ``` + """ + ), + ] = "FastAPI", + summary: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A short summary of the API. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api). + + **Example** + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + app = FastAPI(summary="Deadpond's favorite app. Nuff said.") + ``` + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + ''' + A description of the API. Supports Markdown (using + [CommonMark syntax](https://commonmark.org/)). + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api). + + **Example** + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + app = FastAPI( + description=""" + ChimichangApp API helps you do awesome stuff. 🚀 + + ## Items + + You can **read items**. + + ## Users + + You will be able to: + + * **Create users** (_not implemented_). + * **Read users** (_not implemented_). + + """ + ) + ``` + ''' + ), + ] = "", + version: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The version of the API. + + **Note** This is the version of your application, not the version of + the OpenAPI specification nor the version of FastAPI being used. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api). + + **Example** + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + app = FastAPI(version="0.0.1") + ``` + """ + ), + ] = "0.1.0", + openapi_url: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + The URL where the OpenAPI schema will be served from. + + If you set it to `None`, no OpenAPI schema will be served publicly, and + the default automatic endpoints `/docs` and `/redoc` will also be + disabled. + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#openapi-url). + + **Example** + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + app = FastAPI(openapi_url="/api/v1/openapi.json") + ``` + """ + ), + ] = "/openapi.json", + openapi_tags: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of tags used by OpenAPI, these are the same `tags` you can set + in the *path operations*, like: + + * `@app.get("/users/", tags=["users"])` + * `@app.get("/items/", tags=["items"])` + + The order of the tags can be used to specify the order shown in + tools like Swagger UI, used in the automatic path `/docs`. + + It's not required to specify all the tags used. + + The tags that are not declared MAY be organized randomly or based + on the tools' logic. Each tag name in the list MUST be unique. + + The value of each item is a `dict` containing: + + * `name`: The name of the tag. + * `description`: A short description of the tag. + [CommonMark syntax](https://commonmark.org/) MAY be used for rich + text representation. + * `externalDocs`: Additional external documentation for this tag. If + provided, it would contain a `dict` with: + * `description`: A short description of the target documentation. + [CommonMark syntax](https://commonmark.org/) MAY be used for + rich text representation. + * `url`: The URL for the target documentation. Value MUST be in + the form of a URL. + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-tags). + + **Example** + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + tags_metadata = [ + { + "name": "users", + "description": "Operations with users. The **login** logic is also here.", + }, + { + "name": "items", + "description": "Manage items. So _fancy_ they have their own docs.", + "externalDocs": { + "description": "Items external docs", + "url": "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/", + }, + }, + ] + + app = FastAPI(openapi_tags=tags_metadata) + ``` + """ + ), + ] = None, + servers: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Dict[str, Union[str, Any]]]], + Doc( + """ + A `list` of `dict`s with connectivity information to a target server. + + You would use it, for example, if your application is served from + different domains and you want to use the same Swagger UI in the + browser to interact with each of them (instead of having multiple + browser tabs open). Or if you want to leave fixed the possible URLs. + + If the servers `list` is not provided, or is an empty `list`, the + default value would be a `dict` with a `url` value of `/`. + + Each item in the `list` is a `dict` containing: + + * `url`: A URL to the target host. This URL supports Server Variables + and MAY be relative, to indicate that the host location is relative + to the location where the OpenAPI document is being served. Variable + substitutions will be made when a variable is named in `{`brackets`}`. + * `description`: An optional string describing the host designated by + the URL. [CommonMark syntax](https://commonmark.org/) MAY be used for + rich text representation. + * `variables`: A `dict` between a variable name and its value. The value + is used for substitution in the server's URL template. + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for Behind a Proxy](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/behind-a-proxy/#additional-servers). + + **Example** + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + app = FastAPI( + servers=[ + {"url": "https://stag.example.com", "description": "Staging environment"}, + {"url": "https://prod.example.com", "description": "Production environment"}, + ] + ) + ``` + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of global dependencies, they will be applied to each + *path operation*, including in sub-routers. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Global Dependencies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies/). + + **Example** + + ```python + from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + + from .dependencies import func_dep_1, func_dep_2 + + app = FastAPI(dependencies=[Depends(func_dep_1), Depends(func_dep_2)]) + ``` + """ + ), + ] = None, + default_response_class: Annotated[ + Type[Response], + Doc( + """ + The default response class to be used. + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#default-response-class). + + **Example** + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + from fastapi.responses import ORJSONResponse + + app = FastAPI(default_response_class=ORJSONResponse) + ``` + """ + ), + ] = Default(JSONResponse), + redirect_slashes: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Whether to detect and redirect slashes in URLs when the client doesn't + use the same format. + + **Example** + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + app = FastAPI(redirect_slashes=True) # the default + + @app.get("/items/") + async def read_items(): + return [{"item_id": "Foo"}] + ``` + + With this app, if a client goes to `/items` (without a trailing slash), + they will be automatically redirected with an HTTP status code of 307 + to `/items/`. + """ + ), + ] = True, + docs_url: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + The path to the automatic interactive API documentation. + It is handled in the browser by Swagger UI. + + The default URL is `/docs`. You can disable it by setting it to `None`. + + If `openapi_url` is set to `None`, this will be automatically disabled. + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#docs-urls). + + **Example** + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + app = FastAPI(docs_url="/documentation", redoc_url=None) + ``` + """ + ), + ] = "/docs", + redoc_url: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + The path to the alternative automatic interactive API documentation + provided by ReDoc. + + The default URL is `/redoc`. You can disable it by setting it to `None`. + + If `openapi_url` is set to `None`, this will be automatically disabled. + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#docs-urls). + + **Example** + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + app = FastAPI(docs_url="/documentation", redoc_url="redocumentation") + ``` + """ + ), + ] = "/redoc", + swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + The OAuth2 redirect endpoint for the Swagger UI. + + By default it is `/docs/oauth2-redirect`. + + This is only used if you use OAuth2 (with the "Authorize" button) + with Swagger UI. + """ + ), + ] = "/docs/oauth2-redirect", + swagger_ui_init_oauth: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Any]], + Doc( + """ + OAuth2 configuration for the Swagger UI, by default shown at `/docs`. + + Read more about the available configuration options in the + [Swagger UI docs](https://swagger.io/docs/open-source-tools/swagger-ui/usage/oauth2/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + middleware: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[Middleware]], + Doc( + """ + List of middleware to be added when creating the application. + + In FastAPI you would normally do this with `app.add_middleware()` + instead. + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for Middleware](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/middleware/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + exception_handlers: Annotated[ + Optional[ + Dict[ + Union[int, Type[Exception]], + Callable[[Request, Any], Coroutine[Any, Any, Response]], + ] + ], + Doc( + """ + A dictionary with handlers for exceptions. + + In FastAPI, you would normally use the decorator + `@app.exception_handler()`. + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for Handling Errors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + on_startup: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[Callable[[], Any]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of startup event handler functions. + + You should instead use the `lifespan` handlers. + + Read more in the [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + on_shutdown: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[Callable[[], Any]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of shutdown event handler functions. + + You should instead use the `lifespan` handlers. + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + lifespan: Annotated[ + Optional[Lifespan[AppType]], + Doc( + """ + A `Lifespan` context manager handler. This replaces `startup` and + `shutdown` functions with a single context manager. + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + terms_of_service: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A URL to the Terms of Service for your API. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more at the + [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api). + + **Example** + + ```python + app = FastAPI(terms_of_service="http://example.com/terms/") + ``` + """ + ), + ] = None, + contact: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + A dictionary with the contact information for the exposed API. + + It can contain several fields. + + * `name`: (`str`) The name of the contact person/organization. + * `url`: (`str`) A URL pointing to the contact information. MUST be in + the format of a URL. + * `email`: (`str`) The email address of the contact person/organization. + MUST be in the format of an email address. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more at the + [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api). + + **Example** + + ```python + app = FastAPI( + contact={ + "name": "Deadpoolio the Amazing", + "url": "http://x-force.example.com/contact/", + "email": "dp@x-force.example.com", + } + ) + ``` + """ + ), + ] = None, + license_info: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + A dictionary with the license information for the exposed API. + + It can contain several fields. + + * `name`: (`str`) **REQUIRED** (if a `license_info` is set). The + license name used for the API. + * `identifier`: (`str`) An [SPDX](https://spdx.dev/) license expression + for the API. The `identifier` field is mutually exclusive of the `url` + field. Available since OpenAPI 3.1.0, FastAPI 0.99.0. + * `url`: (`str`) A URL to the license used for the API. This MUST be + the format of a URL. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more at the + [FastAPI docs for Metadata and Docs URLs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/metadata/#metadata-for-api). + + **Example** + + ```python + app = FastAPI( + license_info={ + "name": "Apache 2.0", + "url": "https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html", + } + ) + ``` + """ + ), + ] = None, + openapi_prefix: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + A URL prefix for the OpenAPI URL. + """ + ), + deprecated( + """ + "openapi_prefix" has been deprecated in favor of "root_path", which + follows more closely the ASGI standard, is simpler, and more + automatic. + """ + ), + ] = "", + root_path: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + A path prefix handled by a proxy that is not seen by the application + but is seen by external clients, which affects things like Swagger UI. + + Read more about it at the + [FastAPI docs for Behind a Proxy](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/behind-a-proxy/). + + **Example** + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + app = FastAPI(root_path="/api/v1") + ``` + """ + ), + ] = "", + root_path_in_servers: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + To disable automatically generating the URLs in the `servers` field + in the autogenerated OpenAPI using the `root_path`. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Behind a Proxy](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/behind-a-proxy/#disable-automatic-server-from-root_path). + + **Example** + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + app = FastAPI(root_path_in_servers=False) + ``` + """ + ), + ] = True, + responses: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Additional responses to be shown in OpenAPI. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Additional Responses in OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/additional-responses/). + + And in the + [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies). + """ + ), + ] = None, + callbacks: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + OpenAPI callbacks that should apply to all *path operations*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + webhooks: Annotated[ + Optional[routing.APIRouter], + Doc( + """ + Add OpenAPI webhooks. This is similar to `callbacks` but it doesn't + depend on specific *path operations*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + **Note**: This is available since OpenAPI 3.1.0, FastAPI 0.99.0. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Webhooks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-webhooks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark all *path operations* as deprecated. You probably don't need it, + but it's available. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + To include (or not) all the *path operations* in the generated OpenAPI. + You probably don't need it, but it's available. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-from-openapi). + """ + ), + ] = True, + swagger_ui_parameters: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Any]], + Doc( + """ + Parameters to configure Swagger UI, the autogenerated interactive API + documentation (by default at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Configure Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/configure-swagger-ui/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[ + Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str], + Doc( + """ + Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path + operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or + SDKs for your API. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), + separate_input_output_schemas: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Whether to generate separate OpenAPI schemas for request body and + response body when the results would be more precise. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients. + + For example, if you have a model like: + + ```python + from pydantic import BaseModel + + class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + tags: list[str] = [] + ``` + + When `Item` is used for input, a request body, `tags` is not required, + the client doesn't have to provide it. + + But when using `Item` for output, for a response body, `tags` is always + available because it has a default value, even if it's just an empty + list. So, the client should be able to always expect it. + + In this case, there would be two different schemas, one for input and + another one for output. + """ + ), + ] = True, + **extra: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + Extra keyword arguments to be stored in the app, not used by FastAPI + anywhere. + """ + ), + ], ) -> None: - self._debug: bool = debug - self.state: State = State() - self.router: routing.APIRouter = routing.APIRouter( - routes=routes, - dependency_overrides_provider=self, - on_startup=on_startup, - on_shutdown=on_shutdown, - default_response_class=default_response_class, - dependencies=dependencies, - callbacks=callbacks, - deprecated=deprecated, - include_in_schema=include_in_schema, - responses=responses, - ) - self.exception_handlers: Dict[ - Union[int, Type[Exception]], - Callable[[Request, Any], Coroutine[Any, Any, Response]], - ] = ( - {} if exception_handlers is None else dict(exception_handlers) - ) - self.exception_handlers.setdefault(HTTPException, http_exception_handler) - self.exception_handlers.setdefault( - RequestValidationError, request_validation_exception_handler - ) - - self.user_middleware: List[Middleware] = ( - [] if middleware is None else list(middleware) - ) - self.middleware_stack: ASGIApp = self.build_middleware_stack() - + self.debug = debug self.title = title + self.summary = summary self.description = description self.version = version self.terms_of_service = terms_of_service self.contact = contact self.license_info = license_info - self.servers = servers or [] self.openapi_url = openapi_url self.openapi_tags = openapi_tags + self.root_path_in_servers = root_path_in_servers + self.docs_url = docs_url + self.redoc_url = redoc_url + self.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url = swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url + self.swagger_ui_init_oauth = swagger_ui_init_oauth + self.swagger_ui_parameters = swagger_ui_parameters + self.servers = servers or [] + self.separate_input_output_schemas = separate_input_output_schemas + self.extra = extra + self.openapi_version: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The version string of OpenAPI. + + FastAPI will generate OpenAPI version 3.1.0, and will output that as + the OpenAPI version. But some tools, even though they might be + compatible with OpenAPI 3.1.0, might not recognize it as a valid. + + So you could override this value to trick those tools into using + the generated OpenAPI. Have in mind that this is a hack. But if you + avoid using features added in OpenAPI 3.1.0, it might work for your + use case. + + This is not passed as a parameter to the `FastAPI` class to avoid + giving the false idea that FastAPI would generate a different OpenAPI + schema. It is only available as an attribute. + + **Example** + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + app = FastAPI() + + app.openapi_version = "3.0.2" + ``` + """ + ), + ] = "3.1.0" + self.openapi_schema: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None + if self.openapi_url: + assert self.title, "A title must be provided for OpenAPI, e.g.: 'My API'" + assert self.version, "A version must be provided for OpenAPI, e.g.: '2.1.0'" # TODO: remove when discarding the openapi_prefix parameter if openapi_prefix: logger.warning( @@ -114,36 +882,116 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): "automatic. Check the docs at " "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/sub-applications/" ) + self.webhooks: Annotated[ + routing.APIRouter, + Doc( + """ + The `app.webhooks` attribute is an `APIRouter` with the *path + operations* that will be used just for documentation of webhooks. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Webhooks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-webhooks/). + """ + ), + ] = webhooks or routing.APIRouter() self.root_path = root_path or openapi_prefix - self.root_path_in_servers = root_path_in_servers - self.docs_url = docs_url - self.redoc_url = redoc_url - self.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url = swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url - self.swagger_ui_init_oauth = swagger_ui_init_oauth - self.extra = extra - self.dependency_overrides: Dict[Callable[..., Any], Callable[..., Any]] = {} + self.state: Annotated[ + State, + Doc( + """ + A state object for the application. This is the same object for the + entire application, it doesn't change from request to request. - self.openapi_version = "3.0.2" + You normally woudln't use this in FastAPI, for most of the cases you + would instead use FastAPI dependencies. - if self.openapi_url: - assert self.title, "A title must be provided for OpenAPI, e.g.: 'My API'" - assert self.version, "A version must be provided for OpenAPI, e.g.: '2.1.0'" - self.openapi_schema: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None + This is simply inherited from Starlette. + + Read more about it in the + [Starlette docs for Applications](https://www.starlette.io/applications/#storing-state-on-the-app-instance). + """ + ), + ] = State() + self.dependency_overrides: Annotated[ + Dict[Callable[..., Any], Callable[..., Any]], + Doc( + """ + A dictionary with overrides for the dependencies. + + Each key is the original dependency callable, and the value is the + actual dependency that should be called. + + This is for testing, to replace expensive dependencies with testing + versions. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Testing Dependencies with Overrides](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/testing-dependencies/). + """ + ), + ] = {} + self.router: routing.APIRouter = routing.APIRouter( + routes=routes, + redirect_slashes=redirect_slashes, + dependency_overrides_provider=self, + on_startup=on_startup, + on_shutdown=on_shutdown, + lifespan=lifespan, + default_response_class=default_response_class, + dependencies=dependencies, + callbacks=callbacks, + deprecated=deprecated, + include_in_schema=include_in_schema, + responses=responses, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, + ) + self.exception_handlers: Dict[ + Any, Callable[[Request, Any], Union[Response, Awaitable[Response]]] + ] = {} if exception_handlers is None else dict(exception_handlers) + self.exception_handlers.setdefault(HTTPException, http_exception_handler) + self.exception_handlers.setdefault( + RequestValidationError, request_validation_exception_handler + ) + self.exception_handlers.setdefault( + WebSocketRequestValidationError, + # Starlette still has incorrect type specification for the handlers + websocket_request_validation_exception_handler, # type: ignore + ) + + self.user_middleware: List[Middleware] = ( + [] if middleware is None else list(middleware) + ) + self.middleware_stack: Union[ASGIApp, None] = None self.setup() def openapi(self) -> Dict[str, Any]: + """ + Generate the OpenAPI schema of the application. This is called by FastAPI + internally. + + The first time it is called it stores the result in the attribute + `app.openapi_schema`, and next times it is called, it just returns that same + result. To avoid the cost of generating the schema every time. + + If you need to modify the generated OpenAPI schema, you could modify it. + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/extending-openapi/). + """ if not self.openapi_schema: self.openapi_schema = get_openapi( title=self.title, version=self.version, openapi_version=self.openapi_version, + summary=self.summary, description=self.description, terms_of_service=self.terms_of_service, contact=self.contact, license_info=self.license_info, routes=self.routes, + webhooks=self.webhooks.routes, tags=self.openapi_tags, servers=self.servers, + separate_input_output_schemas=self.separate_input_output_schemas, ) return self.openapi_schema @@ -174,6 +1022,7 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): title=self.title + " - Swagger UI", oauth2_redirect_url=oauth2_redirect_url, init_oauth=self.swagger_ui_init_oauth, + swagger_ui_parameters=self.swagger_ui_parameters, ) self.add_route(self.docs_url, swagger_ui_html, include_in_schema=False) @@ -202,21 +1051,16 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None: if self.root_path: scope["root_path"] = self.root_path - if AsyncExitStack: - async with AsyncExitStack() as stack: - scope["fastapi_astack"] = stack - await super().__call__(scope, receive, send) - else: - await super().__call__(scope, receive, send) # pragma: no cover + await super().__call__(scope, receive, send) def add_api_route( self, path: str, endpoint: Callable[..., Coroutine[Any, Any, Response]], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = Default(None), status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, + tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, summary: Optional[str] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, @@ -225,8 +1069,8 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, methods: Optional[List[str]] = None, operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, + response_model_include: Optional[IncEx] = None, + response_model_exclude: Optional[IncEx] = None, response_model_by_alias: bool = True, response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, @@ -237,6 +1081,9 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): ), name: Optional[str] = None, openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str] = Default( + generate_unique_id + ), ) -> None: self.router.add_api_route( path, @@ -262,15 +1109,16 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): response_class=response_class, name=name, openapi_extra=openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, ) def api_route( self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = Default(None), status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, + tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, summary: Optional[str] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, @@ -279,8 +1127,8 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, methods: Optional[List[str]] = None, operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, + response_model_include: Optional[IncEx] = None, + response_model_exclude: Optional[IncEx] = None, response_model_by_alias: bool = True, response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, @@ -289,6 +1137,9 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), name: Optional[str] = None, openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str] = Default( + generate_unique_id + ), ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable: self.router.add_api_route( @@ -315,38 +1166,284 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): response_class=response_class, name=name, openapi_extra=openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, ) return func return decorator def add_api_websocket_route( - self, path: str, endpoint: Callable[..., Any], name: Optional[str] = None + self, + path: str, + endpoint: Callable[..., Any], + name: Optional[str] = None, + *, + dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, ) -> None: - self.router.add_api_websocket_route(path, endpoint, name=name) + self.router.add_api_websocket_route( + path, + endpoint, + name=name, + dependencies=dependencies, + ) def websocket( - self, path: str, name: Optional[str] = None + self, + path: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + WebSocket path. + """ + ), + ], + name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A name for the WebSocket. Only used internally. + """ + ), + ] = None, + *, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be used for this + WebSocket. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for WebSockets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/). + """ + ), + ] = None, ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Decorate a WebSocket function. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for WebSockets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/). + + **Example** + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI, WebSocket + + app = FastAPI() + + @app.websocket("/ws") + async def websocket_endpoint(websocket: WebSocket): + await websocket.accept() + while True: + data = await websocket.receive_text() + await websocket.send_text(f"Message text was: {data}") + ``` + """ + def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable: - self.add_api_websocket_route(path, func, name=name) + self.add_api_websocket_route( + path, + func, + name=name, + dependencies=dependencies, + ) return func return decorator def include_router( self, - router: routing.APIRouter, + router: Annotated[routing.APIRouter, Doc("The `APIRouter` to include.")], *, - prefix: str = "", - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, - dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, - responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - include_in_schema: bool = True, - default_response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), - callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, + prefix: Annotated[str, Doc("An optional path prefix for the router.")] = "", + tags: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of tags to be applied to all the *path operations* in this + router. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to all the + *path operations* in this router. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies). + + **Example** + + ```python + from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + + from .dependencies import get_token_header + from .internal import admin + + app = FastAPI() + + app.include_router( + admin.router, + dependencies=[Depends(get_token_header)], + ) + ``` + """ + ), + ] = None, + responses: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Additional responses to be shown in OpenAPI. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Additional Responses in OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/additional-responses/). + + And in the + [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark all the *path operations* in this router as deprecated. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + **Example** + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + from .internal import old_api + + app = FastAPI() + + app.include_router( + old_api.router, + deprecated=True, + ) + ``` + """ + ), + ] = None, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Include (or not) all the *path operations* in this router in the + generated OpenAPI schema. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + **Example** + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + from .internal import old_api + + app = FastAPI() + + app.include_router( + old_api.router, + include_in_schema=False, + ) + ``` + """ + ), + ] = True, + default_response_class: Annotated[ + Type[Response], + Doc( + """ + Default response class to be used for the *path operations* in this + router. + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#default-response-class). + + **Example** + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + from fastapi.responses import ORJSONResponse + + from .internal import old_api + + app = FastAPI() + + app.include_router( + old_api.router, + default_response_class=ORJSONResponse, + ) + ``` + """ + ), + ] = Default(JSONResponse), + callbacks: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks. + + This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used + directly. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[ + Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str], + Doc( + """ + Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path + operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or + SDKs for your API. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), ) -> None: + """ + Include an `APIRouter` in the same app. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/). + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + from .users import users_router + + app = FastAPI() + + app.include_router(users_router) + ``` + """ self.router.include_router( router, prefix=prefix, @@ -357,34 +1454,356 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): include_in_schema=include_in_schema, default_response_class=default_response_class, callbacks=callbacks, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, ) def get( self, - path: str, + path: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL path to be used for this *path operation*. + + For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`. + """ + ), + ], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, - status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, - dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, - summary: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - response_description: str = "Successful Response", - responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_by_alias: bool = True, - response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_none: bool = False, - include_in_schema: bool = True, - response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), - name: Optional[str] = None, - callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, - openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + response_model: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + The type to use for the response. + + It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to + be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`, + etc. + + It will be used for: + + * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will + show it as the response (JSON Schema). + * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the + `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the + corresponding JSON. + * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data + (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object + that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does + not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have + that `password`. + * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the + `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the + corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not + valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client, + so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an + error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/). + """ + ), + ] = Default(None), + status_code: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + The default status code to be used for the response. + + You could override the status code by returning a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + tags: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags). + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the + *path operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + summary: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A summary for the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A description for the *path operation*. + + If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring + of the *path operation function*. + + It can contain Markdown. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_description: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The description for the default response. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = "Successful Response", + responses: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this *path operation* as deprecated. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + operation_id: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*. + + By default, it is generated automatically. + + If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is + unique for the whole API. + + You can customize the + operation ID generation with the parameter + `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_include: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_exclude: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_by_alias: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model + should be serialized by alias when an alias is used. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and + have their default values. This is different from + `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set, + they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same + as the default. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value + as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset` + in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values, + they will be excluded from the response. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should + exclude fields set to `None`. + + This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset` + and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of + those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values + when it makes sense. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none). + """ + ), + ] = False, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-from-openapi). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_class: Annotated[ + Type[Response], + Doc( + """ + Response class to be used for this *path operation*. + + This will not be used if you return a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse). + """ + ), + ] = Default(JSONResponse), + name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally. + """ + ), + ] = None, + callbacks: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks. + + This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used + directly. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + openapi_extra: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Any]], + Doc( + """ + Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path + operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema). + """ + ), + ] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[ + Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str], + Doc( + """ + Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path + operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or + SDKs for your API. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Add a *path operation* using an HTTP GET operation. + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + app = FastAPI() + + @app.get("/items/") + def read_items(): + return [{"name": "Empanada"}, {"name": "Arepa"}] + ``` + """ return self.router.get( path, response_model=response_model, @@ -408,34 +1827,361 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): name=name, callbacks=callbacks, openapi_extra=openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, ) def put( self, - path: str, + path: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL path to be used for this *path operation*. + + For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`. + """ + ), + ], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, - status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, - dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, - summary: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - response_description: str = "Successful Response", - responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_by_alias: bool = True, - response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_none: bool = False, - include_in_schema: bool = True, - response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), - name: Optional[str] = None, - callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, - openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + response_model: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + The type to use for the response. + + It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to + be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`, + etc. + + It will be used for: + + * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will + show it as the response (JSON Schema). + * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the + `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the + corresponding JSON. + * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data + (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object + that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does + not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have + that `password`. + * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the + `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the + corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not + valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client, + so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an + error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/). + """ + ), + ] = Default(None), + status_code: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + The default status code to be used for the response. + + You could override the status code by returning a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + tags: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags). + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the + *path operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + summary: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A summary for the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A description for the *path operation*. + + If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring + of the *path operation function*. + + It can contain Markdown. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_description: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The description for the default response. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = "Successful Response", + responses: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this *path operation* as deprecated. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + operation_id: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*. + + By default, it is generated automatically. + + If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is + unique for the whole API. + + You can customize the + operation ID generation with the parameter + `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_include: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_exclude: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_by_alias: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model + should be serialized by alias when an alias is used. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and + have their default values. This is different from + `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set, + they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same + as the default. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value + as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset` + in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values, + they will be excluded from the response. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should + exclude fields set to `None`. + + This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset` + and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of + those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values + when it makes sense. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none). + """ + ), + ] = False, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-from-openapi). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_class: Annotated[ + Type[Response], + Doc( + """ + Response class to be used for this *path operation*. + + This will not be used if you return a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse). + """ + ), + ] = Default(JSONResponse), + name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally. + """ + ), + ] = None, + callbacks: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks. + + This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used + directly. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + openapi_extra: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Any]], + Doc( + """ + Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path + operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema). + """ + ), + ] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[ + Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str], + Doc( + """ + Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path + operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or + SDKs for your API. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Add a *path operation* using an HTTP PUT operation. + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + from pydantic import BaseModel + + class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + + app = FastAPI() + + @app.put("/items/{item_id}") + def replace_item(item_id: str, item: Item): + return {"message": "Item replaced", "id": item_id} + ``` + """ return self.router.put( path, response_model=response_model, @@ -459,34 +2205,361 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): name=name, callbacks=callbacks, openapi_extra=openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, ) def post( self, - path: str, + path: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL path to be used for this *path operation*. + + For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`. + """ + ), + ], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, - status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, - dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, - summary: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - response_description: str = "Successful Response", - responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_by_alias: bool = True, - response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_none: bool = False, - include_in_schema: bool = True, - response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), - name: Optional[str] = None, - callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, - openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + response_model: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + The type to use for the response. + + It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to + be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`, + etc. + + It will be used for: + + * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will + show it as the response (JSON Schema). + * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the + `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the + corresponding JSON. + * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data + (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object + that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does + not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have + that `password`. + * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the + `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the + corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not + valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client, + so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an + error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/). + """ + ), + ] = Default(None), + status_code: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + The default status code to be used for the response. + + You could override the status code by returning a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + tags: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags). + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the + *path operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + summary: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A summary for the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A description for the *path operation*. + + If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring + of the *path operation function*. + + It can contain Markdown. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_description: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The description for the default response. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = "Successful Response", + responses: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this *path operation* as deprecated. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + operation_id: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*. + + By default, it is generated automatically. + + If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is + unique for the whole API. + + You can customize the + operation ID generation with the parameter + `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_include: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_exclude: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_by_alias: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model + should be serialized by alias when an alias is used. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and + have their default values. This is different from + `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set, + they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same + as the default. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value + as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset` + in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values, + they will be excluded from the response. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should + exclude fields set to `None`. + + This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset` + and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of + those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values + when it makes sense. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none). + """ + ), + ] = False, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-from-openapi). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_class: Annotated[ + Type[Response], + Doc( + """ + Response class to be used for this *path operation*. + + This will not be used if you return a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse). + """ + ), + ] = Default(JSONResponse), + name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally. + """ + ), + ] = None, + callbacks: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks. + + This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used + directly. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + openapi_extra: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Any]], + Doc( + """ + Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path + operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema). + """ + ), + ] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[ + Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str], + Doc( + """ + Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path + operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or + SDKs for your API. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Add a *path operation* using an HTTP POST operation. + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + from pydantic import BaseModel + + class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + + app = FastAPI() + + @app.post("/items/") + def create_item(item: Item): + return {"message": "Item created"} + ``` + """ return self.router.post( path, response_model=response_model, @@ -510,34 +2583,356 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): name=name, callbacks=callbacks, openapi_extra=openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, ) def delete( self, - path: str, + path: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL path to be used for this *path operation*. + + For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`. + """ + ), + ], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, - status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, - dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, - summary: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - response_description: str = "Successful Response", - responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_by_alias: bool = True, - response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_none: bool = False, - include_in_schema: bool = True, - response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), - name: Optional[str] = None, - callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, - openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + response_model: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + The type to use for the response. + + It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to + be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`, + etc. + + It will be used for: + + * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will + show it as the response (JSON Schema). + * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the + `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the + corresponding JSON. + * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data + (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object + that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does + not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have + that `password`. + * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the + `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the + corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not + valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client, + so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an + error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/). + """ + ), + ] = Default(None), + status_code: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + The default status code to be used for the response. + + You could override the status code by returning a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + tags: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags). + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the + *path operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + summary: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A summary for the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A description for the *path operation*. + + If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring + of the *path operation function*. + + It can contain Markdown. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_description: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The description for the default response. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = "Successful Response", + responses: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this *path operation* as deprecated. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + operation_id: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*. + + By default, it is generated automatically. + + If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is + unique for the whole API. + + You can customize the + operation ID generation with the parameter + `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_include: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_exclude: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_by_alias: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model + should be serialized by alias when an alias is used. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and + have their default values. This is different from + `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set, + they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same + as the default. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value + as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset` + in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values, + they will be excluded from the response. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should + exclude fields set to `None`. + + This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset` + and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of + those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values + when it makes sense. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none). + """ + ), + ] = False, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-from-openapi). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_class: Annotated[ + Type[Response], + Doc( + """ + Response class to be used for this *path operation*. + + This will not be used if you return a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse). + """ + ), + ] = Default(JSONResponse), + name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally. + """ + ), + ] = None, + callbacks: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks. + + This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used + directly. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + openapi_extra: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Any]], + Doc( + """ + Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path + operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema). + """ + ), + ] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[ + Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str], + Doc( + """ + Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path + operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or + SDKs for your API. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Add a *path operation* using an HTTP DELETE operation. + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + app = FastAPI() + + @app.delete("/items/{item_id}") + def delete_item(item_id: str): + return {"message": "Item deleted"} + ``` + """ return self.router.delete( path, response_model=response_model, @@ -549,10 +2944,10 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): response_description=response_description, responses=responses, deprecated=deprecated, + operation_id=operation_id, response_model_include=response_model_include, response_model_exclude=response_model_exclude, response_model_by_alias=response_model_by_alias, - operation_id=operation_id, response_model_exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset, response_model_exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults, response_model_exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none, @@ -561,34 +2956,356 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): name=name, callbacks=callbacks, openapi_extra=openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, ) def options( self, - path: str, + path: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL path to be used for this *path operation*. + + For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`. + """ + ), + ], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, - status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, - dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, - summary: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - response_description: str = "Successful Response", - responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_by_alias: bool = True, - response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_none: bool = False, - include_in_schema: bool = True, - response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), - name: Optional[str] = None, - callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, - openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + response_model: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + The type to use for the response. + + It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to + be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`, + etc. + + It will be used for: + + * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will + show it as the response (JSON Schema). + * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the + `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the + corresponding JSON. + * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data + (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object + that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does + not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have + that `password`. + * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the + `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the + corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not + valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client, + so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an + error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/). + """ + ), + ] = Default(None), + status_code: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + The default status code to be used for the response. + + You could override the status code by returning a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + tags: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags). + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the + *path operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + summary: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A summary for the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A description for the *path operation*. + + If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring + of the *path operation function*. + + It can contain Markdown. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_description: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The description for the default response. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = "Successful Response", + responses: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this *path operation* as deprecated. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + operation_id: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*. + + By default, it is generated automatically. + + If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is + unique for the whole API. + + You can customize the + operation ID generation with the parameter + `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_include: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_exclude: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_by_alias: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model + should be serialized by alias when an alias is used. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and + have their default values. This is different from + `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set, + they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same + as the default. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value + as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset` + in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values, + they will be excluded from the response. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should + exclude fields set to `None`. + + This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset` + and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of + those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values + when it makes sense. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none). + """ + ), + ] = False, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-from-openapi). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_class: Annotated[ + Type[Response], + Doc( + """ + Response class to be used for this *path operation*. + + This will not be used if you return a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse). + """ + ), + ] = Default(JSONResponse), + name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally. + """ + ), + ] = None, + callbacks: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks. + + This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used + directly. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + openapi_extra: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Any]], + Doc( + """ + Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path + operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema). + """ + ), + ] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[ + Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str], + Doc( + """ + Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path + operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or + SDKs for your API. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Add a *path operation* using an HTTP OPTIONS operation. + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + app = FastAPI() + + @app.options("/items/") + def get_item_options(): + return {"additions": ["Aji", "Guacamole"]} + ``` + """ return self.router.options( path, response_model=response_model, @@ -612,34 +3329,356 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): name=name, callbacks=callbacks, openapi_extra=openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, ) def head( self, - path: str, + path: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL path to be used for this *path operation*. + + For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`. + """ + ), + ], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, - status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, - dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, - summary: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - response_description: str = "Successful Response", - responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_by_alias: bool = True, - response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_none: bool = False, - include_in_schema: bool = True, - response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), - name: Optional[str] = None, - callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, - openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + response_model: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + The type to use for the response. + + It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to + be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`, + etc. + + It will be used for: + + * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will + show it as the response (JSON Schema). + * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the + `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the + corresponding JSON. + * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data + (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object + that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does + not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have + that `password`. + * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the + `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the + corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not + valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client, + so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an + error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/). + """ + ), + ] = Default(None), + status_code: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + The default status code to be used for the response. + + You could override the status code by returning a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + tags: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags). + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the + *path operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + summary: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A summary for the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A description for the *path operation*. + + If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring + of the *path operation function*. + + It can contain Markdown. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_description: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The description for the default response. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = "Successful Response", + responses: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this *path operation* as deprecated. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + operation_id: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*. + + By default, it is generated automatically. + + If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is + unique for the whole API. + + You can customize the + operation ID generation with the parameter + `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_include: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_exclude: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_by_alias: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model + should be serialized by alias when an alias is used. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and + have their default values. This is different from + `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set, + they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same + as the default. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value + as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset` + in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values, + they will be excluded from the response. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should + exclude fields set to `None`. + + This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset` + and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of + those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values + when it makes sense. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none). + """ + ), + ] = False, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-from-openapi). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_class: Annotated[ + Type[Response], + Doc( + """ + Response class to be used for this *path operation*. + + This will not be used if you return a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse). + """ + ), + ] = Default(JSONResponse), + name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally. + """ + ), + ] = None, + callbacks: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks. + + This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used + directly. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + openapi_extra: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Any]], + Doc( + """ + Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path + operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema). + """ + ), + ] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[ + Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str], + Doc( + """ + Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path + operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or + SDKs for your API. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Add a *path operation* using an HTTP HEAD operation. + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI, Response + + app = FastAPI() + + @app.head("/items/", status_code=204) + def get_items_headers(response: Response): + response.headers["X-Cat-Dog"] = "Alone in the world" + ``` + """ return self.router.head( path, response_model=response_model, @@ -663,34 +3702,361 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): name=name, callbacks=callbacks, openapi_extra=openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, ) def patch( self, - path: str, + path: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL path to be used for this *path operation*. + + For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`. + """ + ), + ], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, - status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, - dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, - summary: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - response_description: str = "Successful Response", - responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_by_alias: bool = True, - response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_none: bool = False, - include_in_schema: bool = True, - response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), - name: Optional[str] = None, - callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, - openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + response_model: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + The type to use for the response. + + It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to + be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`, + etc. + + It will be used for: + + * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will + show it as the response (JSON Schema). + * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the + `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the + corresponding JSON. + * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data + (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object + that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does + not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have + that `password`. + * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the + `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the + corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not + valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client, + so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an + error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/). + """ + ), + ] = Default(None), + status_code: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + The default status code to be used for the response. + + You could override the status code by returning a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + tags: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags). + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the + *path operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + summary: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A summary for the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A description for the *path operation*. + + If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring + of the *path operation function*. + + It can contain Markdown. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_description: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The description for the default response. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = "Successful Response", + responses: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this *path operation* as deprecated. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + operation_id: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*. + + By default, it is generated automatically. + + If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is + unique for the whole API. + + You can customize the + operation ID generation with the parameter + `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_include: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_exclude: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_by_alias: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model + should be serialized by alias when an alias is used. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and + have their default values. This is different from + `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set, + they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same + as the default. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value + as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset` + in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values, + they will be excluded from the response. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should + exclude fields set to `None`. + + This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset` + and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of + those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values + when it makes sense. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none). + """ + ), + ] = False, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-from-openapi). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_class: Annotated[ + Type[Response], + Doc( + """ + Response class to be used for this *path operation*. + + This will not be used if you return a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse). + """ + ), + ] = Default(JSONResponse), + name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally. + """ + ), + ] = None, + callbacks: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks. + + This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used + directly. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + openapi_extra: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Any]], + Doc( + """ + Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path + operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema). + """ + ), + ] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[ + Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str], + Doc( + """ + Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path + operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or + SDKs for your API. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Add a *path operation* using an HTTP PATCH operation. + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + from pydantic import BaseModel + + class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + + app = FastAPI() + + @app.patch("/items/") + def update_item(item: Item): + return {"message": "Item updated in place"} + ``` + """ return self.router.patch( path, response_model=response_model, @@ -714,34 +4080,356 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): name=name, callbacks=callbacks, openapi_extra=openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, ) def trace( self, - path: str, + path: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL path to be used for this *path operation*. + + For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`. + """ + ), + ], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, - status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, - dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None, - summary: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - response_description: str = "Successful Response", - responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_by_alias: bool = True, - response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_none: bool = False, - include_in_schema: bool = True, - response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), - name: Optional[str] = None, - callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, - openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + response_model: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + The type to use for the response. + + It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to + be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`, + etc. + + It will be used for: + + * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will + show it as the response (JSON Schema). + * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the + `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the + corresponding JSON. + * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data + (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object + that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does + not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have + that `password`. + * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the + `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the + corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not + valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client, + so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an + error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/). + """ + ), + ] = Default(None), + status_code: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + The default status code to be used for the response. + + You could override the status code by returning a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + tags: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags). + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the + *path operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + summary: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A summary for the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A description for the *path operation*. + + If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring + of the *path operation function*. + + It can contain Markdown. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_description: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The description for the default response. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = "Successful Response", + responses: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this *path operation* as deprecated. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + operation_id: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*. + + By default, it is generated automatically. + + If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is + unique for the whole API. + + You can customize the + operation ID generation with the parameter + `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_include: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_exclude: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_by_alias: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model + should be serialized by alias when an alias is used. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and + have their default values. This is different from + `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set, + they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same + as the default. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value + as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset` + in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values, + they will be excluded from the response. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should + exclude fields set to `None`. + + This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset` + and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of + those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values + when it makes sense. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none). + """ + ), + ] = False, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-from-openapi). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_class: Annotated[ + Type[Response], + Doc( + """ + Response class to be used for this *path operation*. + + This will not be used if you return a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse). + """ + ), + ] = Default(JSONResponse), + name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally. + """ + ), + ] = None, + callbacks: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks. + + This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used + directly. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + openapi_extra: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Any]], + Doc( + """ + Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path + operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema). + """ + ), + ] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[ + Callable[[routing.APIRoute], str], + Doc( + """ + Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path + operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or + SDKs for your API. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Add a *path operation* using an HTTP TRACE operation. + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI + + app = FastAPI() + + @app.put("/items/{item_id}") + def trace_item(item_id: str): + return None + ``` + """ return self.router.trace( path, response_model=response_model, @@ -765,4 +4453,133 @@ class FastAPI(Starlette): name=name, callbacks=callbacks, openapi_extra=openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, ) + + def websocket_route( + self, path: str, name: Union[str, None] = None + ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable: + self.router.add_websocket_route(path, func, name=name) + return func + + return decorator + + @deprecated( + """ + on_event is deprecated, use lifespan event handlers instead. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Lifespan Events](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/). + """ + ) + def on_event( + self, + event_type: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The type of event. `startup` or `shutdown`. + """ + ), + ], + ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Add an event handler for the application. + + `on_event` is deprecated, use `lifespan` event handlers instead. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Lifespan Events](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/#alternative-events-deprecated). + """ + return self.router.on_event(event_type) + + def middleware( + self, + middleware_type: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The type of middleware. Currently only supports `http`. + """ + ), + ], + ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Add a middleware to the application. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Middleware](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/middleware/). + + ## Example + + ```python + import time + + from fastapi import FastAPI, Request + + app = FastAPI() + + + @app.middleware("http") + async def add_process_time_header(request: Request, call_next): + start_time = time.time() + response = await call_next(request) + process_time = time.time() - start_time + response.headers["X-Process-Time"] = str(process_time) + return response + ``` + """ + + def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable: + self.add_middleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware, dispatch=func) + return func + + return decorator + + def exception_handler( + self, + exc_class_or_status_code: Annotated[ + Union[int, Type[Exception]], + Doc( + """ + The Exception class this would handle, or a status code. + """ + ), + ], + ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Add an exception handler to the app. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Handling Errors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/). + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI, Request + from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse + + + class UnicornException(Exception): + def __init__(self, name: str): + self.name = name + + + app = FastAPI() + + + @app.exception_handler(UnicornException) + async def unicorn_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: UnicornException): + return JSONResponse( + status_code=418, + content={"message": f"Oops! {exc.name} did something. There goes a rainbow..."}, + ) + ``` + """ + + def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable: + self.add_exception_handler(exc_class_or_status_code, func) + return func + + return decorator diff --git a/fastapi/background.py b/fastapi/background.py index dd3bbe249..35ab1b227 100644 --- a/fastapi/background.py +++ b/fastapi/background.py @@ -1 +1,59 @@ -from starlette.background import BackgroundTasks as BackgroundTasks # noqa +from typing import Any, Callable + +from starlette.background import BackgroundTasks as StarletteBackgroundTasks +from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc, ParamSpec # type: ignore [attr-defined] + +P = ParamSpec("P") + + +class BackgroundTasks(StarletteBackgroundTasks): + """ + A collection of background tasks that will be called after a response has been + sent to the client. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Background Tasks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/background-tasks/). + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, FastAPI + + app = FastAPI() + + + def write_notification(email: str, message=""): + with open("log.txt", mode="w") as email_file: + content = f"notification for {email}: {message}" + email_file.write(content) + + + @app.post("/send-notification/{email}") + async def send_notification(email: str, background_tasks: BackgroundTasks): + background_tasks.add_task(write_notification, email, message="some notification") + return {"message": "Notification sent in the background"} + ``` + """ + + def add_task( + self, + func: Annotated[ + Callable[P, Any], + Doc( + """ + The function to call after the response is sent. + + It can be a regular `def` function or an `async def` function. + """ + ), + ], + *args: P.args, + **kwargs: P.kwargs, + ) -> None: + """ + Add a function to be called in the background after the response is sent. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Background Tasks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/background-tasks/). + """ + return super().add_task(func, *args, **kwargs) diff --git a/fastapi/concurrency.py b/fastapi/concurrency.py index 04382c69e..894bd3ed1 100644 --- a/fastapi/concurrency.py +++ b/fastapi/concurrency.py @@ -1,20 +1,14 @@ -import sys +from contextlib import asynccontextmanager as asynccontextmanager from typing import AsyncGenerator, ContextManager, TypeVar +import anyio +from anyio import CapacityLimiter from starlette.concurrency import iterate_in_threadpool as iterate_in_threadpool # noqa from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool as run_in_threadpool # noqa from starlette.concurrency import ( # noqa run_until_first_complete as run_until_first_complete, ) -if sys.version_info >= (3, 7): - from contextlib import AsyncExitStack as AsyncExitStack - from contextlib import asynccontextmanager as asynccontextmanager -else: - from contextlib2 import AsyncExitStack as AsyncExitStack # noqa - from contextlib2 import asynccontextmanager as asynccontextmanager # noqa - - _T = TypeVar("_T") @@ -22,11 +16,24 @@ _T = TypeVar("_T") async def contextmanager_in_threadpool( cm: ContextManager[_T], ) -> AsyncGenerator[_T, None]: + # blocking __exit__ from running waiting on a free thread + # can create race conditions/deadlocks if the context manager itself + # has its own internal pool (e.g. a database connection pool) + # to avoid this we let __exit__ run without a capacity limit + # since we're creating a new limiter for each call, any non-zero limit + # works (1 is arbitrary) + exit_limiter = CapacityLimiter(1) try: yield await run_in_threadpool(cm.__enter__) except Exception as e: - ok = await run_in_threadpool(cm.__exit__, type(e), e, None) + ok = bool( + await anyio.to_thread.run_sync( + cm.__exit__, type(e), e, None, limiter=exit_limiter + ) + ) if not ok: raise e else: - await run_in_threadpool(cm.__exit__, None, None, None) + await anyio.to_thread.run_sync( + cm.__exit__, None, None, None, limiter=exit_limiter + ) diff --git a/fastapi/datastructures.py b/fastapi/datastructures.py index b13171287..ce03e3ce4 100644 --- a/fastapi/datastructures.py +++ b/fastapi/datastructures.py @@ -1,5 +1,22 @@ -from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Type, TypeVar +from typing import ( + Any, + BinaryIO, + Callable, + Dict, + Iterable, + Optional, + Type, + TypeVar, + cast, +) +from fastapi._compat import ( + PYDANTIC_V2, + CoreSchema, + GetJsonSchemaHandler, + JsonSchemaValue, + with_info_plain_validator_function, +) from starlette.datastructures import URL as URL # noqa: F401 from starlette.datastructures import Address as Address # noqa: F401 from starlette.datastructures import FormData as FormData # noqa: F401 @@ -7,9 +24,120 @@ from starlette.datastructures import Headers as Headers # noqa: F401 from starlette.datastructures import QueryParams as QueryParams # noqa: F401 from starlette.datastructures import State as State # noqa: F401 from starlette.datastructures import UploadFile as StarletteUploadFile +from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc # type: ignore [attr-defined] class UploadFile(StarletteUploadFile): + """ + A file uploaded in a request. + + Define it as a *path operation function* (or dependency) parameter. + + If you are using a regular `def` function, you can use the `upload_file.file` + attribute to access the raw standard Python file (blocking, not async), useful and + needed for non-async code. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Request Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/request-files/). + + ## Example + + ```python + from typing import Annotated + + from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile + + app = FastAPI() + + + @app.post("/files/") + async def create_file(file: Annotated[bytes, File()]): + return {"file_size": len(file)} + + + @app.post("/uploadfile/") + async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile): + return {"filename": file.filename} + ``` + """ + + file: Annotated[ + BinaryIO, + Doc("The standard Python file object (non-async)."), + ] + filename: Annotated[Optional[str], Doc("The original file name.")] + size: Annotated[Optional[int], Doc("The size of the file in bytes.")] + headers: Annotated[Headers, Doc("The headers of the request.")] + content_type: Annotated[ + Optional[str], Doc("The content type of the request, from the headers.") + ] + + async def write( + self, + data: Annotated[ + bytes, + Doc( + """ + The bytes to write to the file. + """ + ), + ], + ) -> None: + """ + Write some bytes to the file. + + You normally wouldn't use this from a file you read in a request. + + To be awaitable, compatible with async, this is run in threadpool. + """ + return await super().write(data) + + async def read( + self, + size: Annotated[ + int, + Doc( + """ + The number of bytes to read from the file. + """ + ), + ] = -1, + ) -> bytes: + """ + Read some bytes from the file. + + To be awaitable, compatible with async, this is run in threadpool. + """ + return await super().read(size) + + async def seek( + self, + offset: Annotated[ + int, + Doc( + """ + The position in bytes to seek to in the file. + """ + ), + ], + ) -> None: + """ + Move to a position in the file. + + Any next read or write will be done from that position. + + To be awaitable, compatible with async, this is run in threadpool. + """ + return await super().seek(offset) + + async def close(self) -> None: + """ + Close the file. + + To be awaitable, compatible with async, this is run in threadpool. + """ + return await super().close() + @classmethod def __get_validators__(cls: Type["UploadFile"]) -> Iterable[Callable[..., Any]]: yield cls.validate @@ -20,6 +148,30 @@ class UploadFile(StarletteUploadFile): raise ValueError(f"Expected UploadFile, received: {type(v)}") return v + @classmethod + def _validate(cls, __input_value: Any, _: Any) -> "UploadFile": + if not isinstance(__input_value, StarletteUploadFile): + raise ValueError(f"Expected UploadFile, received: {type(__input_value)}") + return cast(UploadFile, __input_value) + + if not PYDANTIC_V2: + + @classmethod + def __modify_schema__(cls, field_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> None: + field_schema.update({"type": "string", "format": "binary"}) + + @classmethod + def __get_pydantic_json_schema__( + cls, core_schema: CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler + ) -> JsonSchemaValue: + return {"type": "string", "format": "binary"} + + @classmethod + def __get_pydantic_core_schema__( + cls, source: Type[Any], handler: Callable[[Any], CoreSchema] + ) -> CoreSchema: + return with_info_plain_validator_function(cls._validate) + class DefaultPlaceholder: """ diff --git a/fastapi/dependencies/models.py b/fastapi/dependencies/models.py index 443590b9c..61ef00638 100644 --- a/fastapi/dependencies/models.py +++ b/fastapi/dependencies/models.py @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ from typing import Any, Callable, List, Optional, Sequence +from fastapi._compat import ModelField from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase -from pydantic.fields import ModelField class SecurityRequirement: diff --git a/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py b/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py index 6d3190262..b73473484 100644 --- a/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py +++ b/fastapi/dependencies/utils.py @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ -import dataclasses import inspect -from contextlib import contextmanager +from contextlib import AsyncExitStack, contextmanager from copy import deepcopy from typing import ( Any, Callable, Coroutine, Dict, + ForwardRef, List, Mapping, Optional, @@ -19,8 +19,33 @@ from typing import ( import anyio from fastapi import params +from fastapi._compat import ( + PYDANTIC_V2, + ErrorWrapper, + ModelField, + Required, + Undefined, + _regenerate_error_with_loc, + copy_field_info, + create_body_model, + evaluate_forwardref, + field_annotation_is_scalar, + get_annotation_from_field_info, + get_missing_field_error, + is_bytes_field, + is_bytes_sequence_field, + is_scalar_field, + is_scalar_sequence_field, + is_sequence_field, + is_uploadfile_or_nonable_uploadfile_annotation, + is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation, + lenient_issubclass, + sequence_types, + serialize_sequence_value, + value_is_sequence, +) +from fastapi.background import BackgroundTasks from fastapi.concurrency import ( - AsyncExitStack, asynccontextmanager, contextmanager_in_threadpool, ) @@ -30,46 +55,14 @@ from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase from fastapi.security.oauth2 import OAuth2, SecurityScopes from fastapi.security.open_id_connect_url import OpenIdConnect from fastapi.utils import create_response_field, get_path_param_names -from pydantic import BaseModel, create_model -from pydantic.error_wrappers import ErrorWrapper -from pydantic.errors import MissingError -from pydantic.fields import ( - SHAPE_LIST, - SHAPE_SEQUENCE, - SHAPE_SET, - SHAPE_SINGLETON, - SHAPE_TUPLE, - SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS, - FieldInfo, - ModelField, - Required, -) -from pydantic.schema import get_annotation_from_field_info -from pydantic.typing import ForwardRef, evaluate_forwardref -from pydantic.utils import lenient_issubclass -from starlette.background import BackgroundTasks +from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo +from starlette.background import BackgroundTasks as StarletteBackgroundTasks from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool from starlette.datastructures import FormData, Headers, QueryParams, UploadFile from starlette.requests import HTTPConnection, Request from starlette.responses import Response from starlette.websockets import WebSocket - -sequence_shapes = { - SHAPE_LIST, - SHAPE_SET, - SHAPE_TUPLE, - SHAPE_SEQUENCE, - SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS, -} -sequence_types = (list, set, tuple) -sequence_shape_to_type = { - SHAPE_LIST: list, - SHAPE_SET: set, - SHAPE_TUPLE: tuple, - SHAPE_SEQUENCE: list, - SHAPE_TUPLE_ELLIPSIS: list, -} - +from typing_extensions import Annotated, get_args, get_origin multipart_not_installed_error = ( 'Form data requires "python-multipart" to be installed. \n' @@ -101,25 +94,25 @@ def check_file_field(field: ModelField) -> None: assert parse_options_header except ImportError: logger.error(multipart_incorrect_install_error) - raise RuntimeError(multipart_incorrect_install_error) + raise RuntimeError(multipart_incorrect_install_error) from None except ImportError: logger.error(multipart_not_installed_error) - raise RuntimeError(multipart_not_installed_error) + raise RuntimeError(multipart_not_installed_error) from None def get_param_sub_dependant( - *, param: inspect.Parameter, path: str, security_scopes: Optional[List[str]] = None + *, + param_name: str, + depends: params.Depends, + path: str, + security_scopes: Optional[List[str]] = None, ) -> Dependant: - depends: params.Depends = param.default - if depends.dependency: - dependency = depends.dependency - else: - dependency = param.annotation + assert depends.dependency return get_sub_dependant( depends=depends, - dependency=dependency, + dependency=depends.dependency, path=path, - name=param.name, + name=param_name, security_scopes=security_scopes, ) @@ -160,7 +153,6 @@ def get_sub_dependant( ) if security_requirement: sub_dependant.security_requirements.append(security_requirement) - sub_dependant.security_scopes = security_scopes return sub_dependant @@ -212,36 +204,6 @@ def get_flat_params(dependant: Dependant) -> List[ModelField]: ) -def is_scalar_field(field: ModelField) -> bool: - field_info = field.field_info - if not ( - field.shape == SHAPE_SINGLETON - and not lenient_issubclass(field.type_, BaseModel) - and not lenient_issubclass(field.type_, sequence_types + (dict,)) - and not dataclasses.is_dataclass(field.type_) - and not isinstance(field_info, params.Body) - ): - return False - if field.sub_fields: - if not all(is_scalar_field(f) for f in field.sub_fields): - return False - return True - - -def is_scalar_sequence_field(field: ModelField) -> bool: - if (field.shape in sequence_shapes) and not lenient_issubclass( - field.type_, BaseModel - ): - if field.sub_fields is not None: - for sub_field in field.sub_fields: - if not is_scalar_field(sub_field): - return False - return True - if lenient_issubclass(field.type_, sequence_types): - return True - return False - - def get_typed_signature(call: Callable[..., Any]) -> inspect.Signature: signature = inspect.signature(call) globalns = getattr(call, "__globals__", {}) @@ -250,7 +212,7 @@ def get_typed_signature(call: Callable[..., Any]) -> inspect.Signature: name=param.name, kind=param.kind, default=param.default, - annotation=get_typed_annotation(param, globalns), + annotation=get_typed_annotation(param.annotation, globalns), ) for param in signature.parameters.values() ] @@ -258,14 +220,24 @@ def get_typed_signature(call: Callable[..., Any]) -> inspect.Signature: return typed_signature -def get_typed_annotation(param: inspect.Parameter, globalns: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any: - annotation = param.annotation +def get_typed_annotation(annotation: Any, globalns: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any: if isinstance(annotation, str): annotation = ForwardRef(annotation) annotation = evaluate_forwardref(annotation, globalns, globalns) return annotation +def get_typed_return_annotation(call: Callable[..., Any]) -> Any: + signature = inspect.signature(call) + annotation = signature.return_annotation + + if annotation is inspect.Signature.empty: + return None + + globalns = getattr(call, "__globals__", {}) + return get_typed_annotation(annotation, globalns) + + def get_dependant( *, path: str, @@ -277,134 +249,239 @@ def get_dependant( path_param_names = get_path_param_names(path) endpoint_signature = get_typed_signature(call) signature_params = endpoint_signature.parameters - dependant = Dependant(call=call, name=name, path=path, use_cache=use_cache) + dependant = Dependant( + call=call, + name=name, + path=path, + security_scopes=security_scopes, + use_cache=use_cache, + ) for param_name, param in signature_params.items(): - if isinstance(param.default, params.Depends): + is_path_param = param_name in path_param_names + type_annotation, depends, param_field = analyze_param( + param_name=param_name, + annotation=param.annotation, + value=param.default, + is_path_param=is_path_param, + ) + if depends is not None: sub_dependant = get_param_sub_dependant( - param=param, path=path, security_scopes=security_scopes + param_name=param_name, + depends=depends, + path=path, + security_scopes=security_scopes, ) dependant.dependencies.append(sub_dependant) continue - if add_non_field_param_to_dependency(param=param, dependant=dependant): + if add_non_field_param_to_dependency( + param_name=param_name, + type_annotation=type_annotation, + dependant=dependant, + ): + assert ( + param_field is None + ), f"Cannot specify multiple FastAPI annotations for {param_name!r}" continue - param_field = get_param_field( - param=param, default_field_info=params.Query, param_name=param_name - ) - if param_name in path_param_names: - assert is_scalar_field( - field=param_field - ), "Path params must be of one of the supported types" - if isinstance(param.default, params.Path): - ignore_default = False - else: - ignore_default = True - param_field = get_param_field( - param=param, - param_name=param_name, - default_field_info=params.Path, - force_type=params.ParamTypes.path, - ignore_default=ignore_default, - ) - add_param_to_fields(field=param_field, dependant=dependant) - elif is_scalar_field(field=param_field): - add_param_to_fields(field=param_field, dependant=dependant) - elif isinstance( - param.default, (params.Query, params.Header) - ) and is_scalar_sequence_field(param_field): - add_param_to_fields(field=param_field, dependant=dependant) - else: - field_info = param_field.field_info - assert isinstance( - field_info, params.Body - ), f"Param: {param_field.name} can only be a request body, using Body(...)" + assert param_field is not None + if is_body_param(param_field=param_field, is_path_param=is_path_param): dependant.body_params.append(param_field) + else: + add_param_to_fields(field=param_field, dependant=dependant) return dependant def add_non_field_param_to_dependency( - *, param: inspect.Parameter, dependant: Dependant + *, param_name: str, type_annotation: Any, dependant: Dependant ) -> Optional[bool]: - if lenient_issubclass(param.annotation, Request): - dependant.request_param_name = param.name + if lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, Request): + dependant.request_param_name = param_name return True - elif lenient_issubclass(param.annotation, WebSocket): - dependant.websocket_param_name = param.name + elif lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, WebSocket): + dependant.websocket_param_name = param_name return True - elif lenient_issubclass(param.annotation, HTTPConnection): - dependant.http_connection_param_name = param.name + elif lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, HTTPConnection): + dependant.http_connection_param_name = param_name return True - elif lenient_issubclass(param.annotation, Response): - dependant.response_param_name = param.name + elif lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, Response): + dependant.response_param_name = param_name return True - elif lenient_issubclass(param.annotation, BackgroundTasks): - dependant.background_tasks_param_name = param.name + elif lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, StarletteBackgroundTasks): + dependant.background_tasks_param_name = param_name return True - elif lenient_issubclass(param.annotation, SecurityScopes): - dependant.security_scopes_param_name = param.name + elif lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, SecurityScopes): + dependant.security_scopes_param_name = param_name return True return None -def get_param_field( +def analyze_param( *, - param: inspect.Parameter, param_name: str, - default_field_info: Type[params.Param] = params.Param, - force_type: Optional[params.ParamTypes] = None, - ignore_default: bool = False, -) -> ModelField: - default_value = Required - had_schema = False - if not param.default == param.empty and ignore_default is False: - default_value = param.default - if isinstance(default_value, FieldInfo): - had_schema = True - field_info = default_value - default_value = field_info.default - if ( + annotation: Any, + value: Any, + is_path_param: bool, +) -> Tuple[Any, Optional[params.Depends], Optional[ModelField]]: + field_info = None + depends = None + type_annotation: Any = Any + use_annotation: Any = Any + if annotation is not inspect.Signature.empty: + use_annotation = annotation + type_annotation = annotation + if get_origin(use_annotation) is Annotated: + annotated_args = get_args(annotation) + type_annotation = annotated_args[0] + fastapi_annotations = [ + arg + for arg in annotated_args[1:] + if isinstance(arg, (FieldInfo, params.Depends)) + ] + fastapi_specific_annotations = [ + arg + for arg in fastapi_annotations + if isinstance(arg, (params.Param, params.Body, params.Depends)) + ] + if fastapi_specific_annotations: + fastapi_annotation: Union[ + FieldInfo, params.Depends, None + ] = fastapi_specific_annotations[-1] + else: + fastapi_annotation = None + if isinstance(fastapi_annotation, FieldInfo): + # Copy `field_info` because we mutate `field_info.default` below. + field_info = copy_field_info( + field_info=fastapi_annotation, annotation=use_annotation + ) + assert field_info.default is Undefined or field_info.default is Required, ( + f"`{field_info.__class__.__name__}` default value cannot be set in" + f" `Annotated` for {param_name!r}. Set the default value with `=` instead." + ) + if value is not inspect.Signature.empty: + assert not is_path_param, "Path parameters cannot have default values" + field_info.default = value + else: + field_info.default = Required + elif isinstance(fastapi_annotation, params.Depends): + depends = fastapi_annotation + + if isinstance(value, params.Depends): + assert depends is None, ( + "Cannot specify `Depends` in `Annotated` and default value" + f" together for {param_name!r}" + ) + assert field_info is None, ( + "Cannot specify a FastAPI annotation in `Annotated` and `Depends` as a" + f" default value together for {param_name!r}" + ) + depends = value + elif isinstance(value, FieldInfo): + assert field_info is None, ( + "Cannot specify FastAPI annotations in `Annotated` and default value" + f" together for {param_name!r}" + ) + field_info = value + if PYDANTIC_V2: + field_info.annotation = type_annotation + + if depends is not None and depends.dependency is None: + depends.dependency = type_annotation + + if lenient_issubclass( + type_annotation, + ( + Request, + WebSocket, + HTTPConnection, + Response, + StarletteBackgroundTasks, + SecurityScopes, + ), + ): + assert depends is None, f"Cannot specify `Depends` for type {type_annotation!r}" + assert ( + field_info is None + ), f"Cannot specify FastAPI annotation for type {type_annotation!r}" + elif field_info is None and depends is None: + default_value = value if value is not inspect.Signature.empty else Required + if is_path_param: + # We might check here that `default_value is Required`, but the fact is that the same + # parameter might sometimes be a path parameter and sometimes not. See + # `tests/test_infer_param_optionality.py` for an example. + field_info = params.Path(annotation=use_annotation) + elif is_uploadfile_or_nonable_uploadfile_annotation( + type_annotation + ) or is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation(type_annotation): + field_info = params.File(annotation=use_annotation, default=default_value) + elif not field_annotation_is_scalar(annotation=type_annotation): + field_info = params.Body(annotation=use_annotation, default=default_value) + else: + field_info = params.Query(annotation=use_annotation, default=default_value) + + field = None + if field_info is not None: + if is_path_param: + assert isinstance(field_info, params.Path), ( + f"Cannot use `{field_info.__class__.__name__}` for path param" + f" {param_name!r}" + ) + elif ( isinstance(field_info, params.Param) and getattr(field_info, "in_", None) is None ): - field_info.in_ = default_field_info.in_ - if force_type: - field_info.in_ = force_type # type: ignore - else: - field_info = default_field_info(default_value) - required = default_value == Required - annotation: Any = Any - if not param.annotation == param.empty: - annotation = param.annotation - annotation = get_annotation_from_field_info(annotation, field_info, param_name) - if not field_info.alias and getattr(field_info, "convert_underscores", None): - alias = param.name.replace("_", "-") - else: - alias = field_info.alias or param.name - field = create_response_field( - name=param.name, - type_=annotation, - default=None if required else default_value, - alias=alias, - required=required, - field_info=field_info, - ) - field.required = required - if not had_schema and not is_scalar_field(field=field): - field.field_info = params.Body(field_info.default) + field_info.in_ = params.ParamTypes.query + use_annotation_from_field_info = get_annotation_from_field_info( + use_annotation, + field_info, + param_name, + ) + if not field_info.alias and getattr(field_info, "convert_underscores", None): + alias = param_name.replace("_", "-") + else: + alias = field_info.alias or param_name + field_info.alias = alias + field = create_response_field( + name=param_name, + type_=use_annotation_from_field_info, + default=field_info.default, + alias=alias, + required=field_info.default in (Required, Undefined), + field_info=field_info, + ) - return field + return type_annotation, depends, field + + +def is_body_param(*, param_field: ModelField, is_path_param: bool) -> bool: + if is_path_param: + assert is_scalar_field( + field=param_field + ), "Path params must be of one of the supported types" + return False + elif is_scalar_field(field=param_field): + return False + elif isinstance( + param_field.field_info, (params.Query, params.Header) + ) and is_scalar_sequence_field(param_field): + return False + else: + assert isinstance( + param_field.field_info, params.Body + ), f"Param: {param_field.name} can only be a request body, using Body()" + return True def add_param_to_fields(*, field: ModelField, dependant: Dependant) -> None: - field_info = cast(params.Param, field.field_info) - if field_info.in_ == params.ParamTypes.path: + field_info = field.field_info + field_info_in = getattr(field_info, "in_", None) + if field_info_in == params.ParamTypes.path: dependant.path_params.append(field) - elif field_info.in_ == params.ParamTypes.query: + elif field_info_in == params.ParamTypes.query: dependant.query_params.append(field) - elif field_info.in_ == params.ParamTypes.header: + elif field_info_in == params.ParamTypes.header: dependant.header_params.append(field) else: assert ( - field_info.in_ == params.ParamTypes.cookie + field_info_in == params.ParamTypes.cookie ), f"non-body parameters must be in path, query, header or cookie: {field.name}" dependant.cookie_params.append(field) @@ -414,22 +491,22 @@ def is_coroutine_callable(call: Callable[..., Any]) -> bool: return inspect.iscoroutinefunction(call) if inspect.isclass(call): return False - call = getattr(call, "__call__", None) - return inspect.iscoroutinefunction(call) + dunder_call = getattr(call, "__call__", None) # noqa: B004 + return inspect.iscoroutinefunction(dunder_call) def is_async_gen_callable(call: Callable[..., Any]) -> bool: if inspect.isasyncgenfunction(call): return True - call = getattr(call, "__call__", None) - return inspect.isasyncgenfunction(call) + dunder_call = getattr(call, "__call__", None) # noqa: B004 + return inspect.isasyncgenfunction(dunder_call) def is_gen_callable(call: Callable[..., Any]) -> bool: if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(call): return True - call = getattr(call, "__call__", None) - return inspect.isgeneratorfunction(call) + dunder_call = getattr(call, "__call__", None) # noqa: B004 + return inspect.isgeneratorfunction(dunder_call) async def solve_generator( @@ -447,28 +524,25 @@ async def solve_dependencies( request: Union[Request, WebSocket], dependant: Dependant, body: Optional[Union[Dict[str, Any], FormData]] = None, - background_tasks: Optional[BackgroundTasks] = None, + background_tasks: Optional[StarletteBackgroundTasks] = None, response: Optional[Response] = None, dependency_overrides_provider: Optional[Any] = None, dependency_cache: Optional[Dict[Tuple[Callable[..., Any], Tuple[str]], Any]] = None, + async_exit_stack: AsyncExitStack, ) -> Tuple[ Dict[str, Any], - List[ErrorWrapper], - Optional[BackgroundTasks], + List[Any], + Optional[StarletteBackgroundTasks], Response, Dict[Tuple[Callable[..., Any], Tuple[str]], Any], ]: values: Dict[str, Any] = {} - errors: List[ErrorWrapper] = [] - response = response or Response( - content=None, - status_code=None, # type: ignore - headers=None, # type: ignore # in Starlette - media_type=None, # type: ignore # in Starlette - background=None, # type: ignore # in Starlette - ) - if dependency_cache is None: - dependency_cache = {} + errors: List[Any] = [] + if response is None: + response = Response() + del response.headers["content-length"] + response.status_code = None # type: ignore + dependency_cache = dependency_cache or {} sub_dependant: Dependant for sub_dependant in dependant.dependencies: sub_dependant.call = cast(Callable[..., Any], sub_dependant.call) @@ -492,23 +566,8 @@ async def solve_dependencies( name=sub_dependant.name, security_scopes=sub_dependant.security_scopes, ) - use_sub_dependant.security_scopes = sub_dependant.security_scopes - if sub_dependant.use_cache and sub_dependant.cache_key in dependency_cache: - solved = dependency_cache[sub_dependant.cache_key] - - if sub_dependant.name is not None: - values[sub_dependant.name] = solved - - continue - - ( - sub_values, - sub_errors, - background_tasks, - _, # the subdependency returns the same response we have - sub_dependency_cache, - ) = await solve_dependencies( + solved_result = await solve_dependencies( request=request, dependant=use_sub_dependant, body=body, @@ -516,16 +575,24 @@ async def solve_dependencies( response=response, dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider, dependency_cache=dependency_cache, + async_exit_stack=async_exit_stack, ) + ( + sub_values, + sub_errors, + background_tasks, + _, # the subdependency returns the same response we have + sub_dependency_cache, + ) = solved_result dependency_cache.update(sub_dependency_cache) if sub_errors: errors.extend(sub_errors) continue + if sub_dependant.use_cache and sub_dependant.cache_key in dependency_cache: + solved = dependency_cache[sub_dependant.cache_key] elif is_gen_callable(call) or is_async_gen_callable(call): - stack = request.scope.get("fastapi_astack") - assert isinstance(stack, AsyncExitStack) solved = await solve_generator( - call=call, stack=stack, sub_values=sub_values + call=call, stack=async_exit_stack, sub_values=sub_values ) elif is_coroutine_callable(call): solved = await call(**sub_values) @@ -583,7 +650,7 @@ async def solve_dependencies( def request_params_to_args( required_params: Sequence[ModelField], received_params: Union[Mapping[str, Any], QueryParams, Headers], -) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], List[ErrorWrapper]]: +) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], List[Any]]: values = {} errors = [] for field in required_params: @@ -597,23 +664,19 @@ def request_params_to_args( assert isinstance( field_info, params.Param ), "Params must be subclasses of Param" + loc = (field_info.in_.value, field.alias) if value is None: if field.required: - errors.append( - ErrorWrapper( - MissingError(), loc=(field_info.in_.value, field.alias) - ) - ) + errors.append(get_missing_field_error(loc=loc)) else: values[field.name] = deepcopy(field.default) continue - v_, errors_ = field.validate( - value, values, loc=(field_info.in_.value, field.alias) - ) + v_, errors_ = field.validate(value, values, loc=loc) if isinstance(errors_, ErrorWrapper): errors.append(errors_) elif isinstance(errors_, list): - errors.extend(errors_) + new_errors = _regenerate_error_with_loc(errors=errors_, loc_prefix=()) + errors.extend(new_errors) else: values[field.name] = v_ return values, errors @@ -622,9 +685,9 @@ def request_params_to_args( async def request_body_to_args( required_params: List[ModelField], received_body: Optional[Union[Dict[str, Any], FormData]], -) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], List[ErrorWrapper]]: +) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], List[Dict[str, Any]]]: values = {} - errors = [] + errors: List[Dict[str, Any]] = [] if required_params: field = required_params[0] field_info = field.field_info @@ -642,9 +705,7 @@ async def request_body_to_args( value: Optional[Any] = None if received_body is not None: - if ( - field.shape in sequence_shapes or field.type_ in sequence_types - ) and isinstance(received_body, FormData): + if (is_sequence_field(field)) and isinstance(received_body, FormData): value = received_body.getlist(field.alias) else: try: @@ -657,7 +718,7 @@ async def request_body_to_args( or (isinstance(field_info, params.Form) and value == "") or ( isinstance(field_info, params.Form) - and field.shape in sequence_shapes + and is_sequence_field(field) and len(value) == 0 ) ): @@ -668,64 +729,41 @@ async def request_body_to_args( continue if ( isinstance(field_info, params.File) - and lenient_issubclass(field.type_, bytes) + and is_bytes_field(field) and isinstance(value, UploadFile) ): value = await value.read() elif ( - field.shape in sequence_shapes + is_bytes_sequence_field(field) and isinstance(field_info, params.File) - and lenient_issubclass(field.type_, bytes) - and isinstance(value, sequence_types) + and value_is_sequence(value) ): + # For types + assert isinstance(value, sequence_types) # type: ignore[arg-type] results: List[Union[bytes, str]] = [] async def process_fn( fn: Callable[[], Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]] ) -> None: result = await fn() - results.append(result) + results.append(result) # noqa: B023 async with anyio.create_task_group() as tg: for sub_value in value: tg.start_soon(process_fn, sub_value.read) - value = sequence_shape_to_type[field.shape](results) + value = serialize_sequence_value(field=field, value=results) v_, errors_ = field.validate(value, values, loc=loc) - if isinstance(errors_, ErrorWrapper): - errors.append(errors_) - elif isinstance(errors_, list): + if isinstance(errors_, list): errors.extend(errors_) + elif errors_: + errors.append(errors_) else: values[field.name] = v_ return values, errors -def get_missing_field_error(loc: Tuple[str, ...]) -> ErrorWrapper: - missing_field_error = ErrorWrapper(MissingError(), loc=loc) - return missing_field_error - - -def get_schema_compatible_field(*, field: ModelField) -> ModelField: - out_field = field - if lenient_issubclass(field.type_, UploadFile): - use_type: type = bytes - if field.shape in sequence_shapes: - use_type = List[bytes] - out_field = create_response_field( - name=field.name, - type_=use_type, - class_validators=field.class_validators, - model_config=field.model_config, - default=field.default, - required=field.required, - alias=field.alias, - field_info=field.field_info, - ) - return out_field - - def get_body_field(*, dependant: Dependant, name: str) -> Optional[ModelField]: flat_dependant = get_flat_dependant(dependant) if not flat_dependant.body_params: @@ -735,21 +773,24 @@ def get_body_field(*, dependant: Dependant, name: str) -> Optional[ModelField]: embed = getattr(field_info, "embed", None) body_param_names_set = {param.name for param in flat_dependant.body_params} if len(body_param_names_set) == 1 and not embed: - final_field = get_schema_compatible_field(field=first_param) - check_file_field(final_field) - return final_field + check_file_field(first_param) + return first_param # If one field requires to embed, all have to be embedded # in case a sub-dependency is evaluated with a single unique body field # That is combined (embedded) with other body fields for param in flat_dependant.body_params: - setattr(param.field_info, "embed", True) + setattr(param.field_info, "embed", True) # noqa: B010 model_name = "Body_" + name - BodyModel: Type[BaseModel] = create_model(model_name) - for f in flat_dependant.body_params: - BodyModel.__fields__[f.name] = get_schema_compatible_field(field=f) + BodyModel = create_body_model( + fields=flat_dependant.body_params, model_name=model_name + ) required = any(True for f in flat_dependant.body_params if f.required) - - BodyFieldInfo_kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = dict(default=None) + BodyFieldInfo_kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = { + "annotation": BodyModel, + "alias": "body", + } + if not required: + BodyFieldInfo_kwargs["default"] = None if any(isinstance(f.field_info, params.File) for f in flat_dependant.body_params): BodyFieldInfo: Type[params.Body] = params.File elif any(isinstance(f.field_info, params.Form) for f in flat_dependant.body_params): @@ -758,7 +799,7 @@ def get_body_field(*, dependant: Dependant, name: str) -> Optional[ModelField]: BodyFieldInfo = params.Body body_param_media_types = [ - getattr(f.field_info, "media_type") + f.field_info.media_type for f in flat_dependant.body_params if isinstance(f.field_info, params.Body) ] diff --git a/fastapi/encoders.py b/fastapi/encoders.py index 3f599c9fa..e50171393 100644 --- a/fastapi/encoders.py +++ b/fastapi/encoders.py @@ -1,15 +1,88 @@ import dataclasses -from collections import defaultdict +import datetime +from collections import defaultdict, deque +from decimal import Decimal from enum import Enum -from pathlib import PurePath +from ipaddress import ( + IPv4Address, + IPv4Interface, + IPv4Network, + IPv6Address, + IPv6Interface, + IPv6Network, +) +from pathlib import Path, PurePath +from re import Pattern from types import GeneratorType -from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union +from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union +from uuid import UUID +from fastapi.types import IncEx from pydantic import BaseModel -from pydantic.json import ENCODERS_BY_TYPE +from pydantic.color import Color +from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl, NameEmail +from pydantic.types import SecretBytes, SecretStr +from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc # type: ignore [attr-defined] -SetIntStr = Set[Union[int, str]] -DictIntStrAny = Dict[Union[int, str], Any] +from ._compat import PYDANTIC_V2, Url, _model_dump + + +# Taken from Pydantic v1 as is +def isoformat(o: Union[datetime.date, datetime.time]) -> str: + return o.isoformat() + + +# Taken from Pydantic v1 as is +# TODO: pv2 should this return strings instead? +def decimal_encoder(dec_value: Decimal) -> Union[int, float]: + """ + Encodes a Decimal as int of there's no exponent, otherwise float + + This is useful when we use ConstrainedDecimal to represent Numeric(x,0) + where a integer (but not int typed) is used. Encoding this as a float + results in failed round-tripping between encode and parse. + Our Id type is a prime example of this. + + >>> decimal_encoder(Decimal("1.0")) + 1.0 + + >>> decimal_encoder(Decimal("1")) + 1 + """ + if dec_value.as_tuple().exponent >= 0: # type: ignore[operator] + return int(dec_value) + else: + return float(dec_value) + + +ENCODERS_BY_TYPE: Dict[Type[Any], Callable[[Any], Any]] = { + bytes: lambda o: o.decode(), + Color: str, + datetime.date: isoformat, + datetime.datetime: isoformat, + datetime.time: isoformat, + datetime.timedelta: lambda td: td.total_seconds(), + Decimal: decimal_encoder, + Enum: lambda o: o.value, + frozenset: list, + deque: list, + GeneratorType: list, + IPv4Address: str, + IPv4Interface: str, + IPv4Network: str, + IPv6Address: str, + IPv6Interface: str, + IPv6Network: str, + NameEmail: str, + Path: str, + Pattern: lambda o: o.pattern, + SecretBytes: str, + SecretStr: str, + set: list, + UUID: str, + Url: str, + AnyUrl: str, +} def generate_encoders_by_class_tuples( @@ -27,27 +100,131 @@ encoders_by_class_tuples = generate_encoders_by_class_tuples(ENCODERS_BY_TYPE) def jsonable_encoder( - obj: Any, - include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - by_alias: bool = True, - exclude_unset: bool = False, - exclude_defaults: bool = False, - exclude_none: bool = False, - custom_encoder: Dict[Any, Callable[[Any], Any]] = {}, - sqlalchemy_safe: bool = True, + obj: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + The input object to convert to JSON. + """ + ), + ], + include: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Pydantic's `include` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to set the + fields to include. + """ + ), + ] = None, + exclude: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Pydantic's `exclude` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to set the + fields to exclude. + """ + ), + ] = None, + by_alias: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Pydantic's `by_alias` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to define if + the output should use the alias names (when provided) or the Python + attribute names. In an API, if you set an alias, it's probably because you + want to use it in the result, so you probably want to leave this set to + `True`. + """ + ), + ] = True, + exclude_unset: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Pydantic's `exclude_unset` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to define + if it should exclude from the output the fields that were not explicitly + set (and that only had their default values). + """ + ), + ] = False, + exclude_defaults: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Pydantic's `exclude_defaults` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to define + if it should exclude from the output the fields that had the same default + value, even when they were explicitly set. + """ + ), + ] = False, + exclude_none: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Pydantic's `exclude_none` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to define + if it should exclude from the output any fields that have a `None` value. + """ + ), + ] = False, + custom_encoder: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Any, Callable[[Any], Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Pydantic's `custom_encoder` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to define + a custom encoder. + """ + ), + ] = None, + sqlalchemy_safe: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Exclude from the output any fields that start with the name `_sa`. + + This is mainly a hack for compatibility with SQLAlchemy objects, they + store internal SQLAlchemy-specific state in attributes named with `_sa`, + and those objects can't (and shouldn't be) serialized to JSON. + """ + ), + ] = True, ) -> Any: + """ + Convert any object to something that can be encoded in JSON. + + This is used internally by FastAPI to make sure anything you return can be + encoded as JSON before it is sent to the client. + + You can also use it yourself, for example to convert objects before saving them + in a database that supports only JSON. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for JSON Compatible Encoder](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/encoder/). + """ + custom_encoder = custom_encoder or {} + if custom_encoder: + if type(obj) in custom_encoder: + return custom_encoder[type(obj)](obj) + else: + for encoder_type, encoder_instance in custom_encoder.items(): + if isinstance(obj, encoder_type): + return encoder_instance(obj) if include is not None and not isinstance(include, (set, dict)): include = set(include) if exclude is not None and not isinstance(exclude, (set, dict)): exclude = set(exclude) if isinstance(obj, BaseModel): - encoder = getattr(obj.__config__, "json_encoders", {}) - if custom_encoder: - encoder.update(custom_encoder) - obj_dict = obj.dict( - include=include, # type: ignore # in Pydantic - exclude=exclude, # type: ignore # in Pydantic + # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1 + encoders: Dict[Any, Any] = {} + if not PYDANTIC_V2: + encoders = getattr(obj.__config__, "json_encoders", {}) # type: ignore[attr-defined] + if custom_encoder: + encoders.update(custom_encoder) + obj_dict = _model_dump( + obj, + mode="json", + include=include, + exclude=exclude, by_alias=by_alias, exclude_unset=exclude_unset, exclude_none=exclude_none, @@ -59,11 +236,23 @@ def jsonable_encoder( obj_dict, exclude_none=exclude_none, exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults, - custom_encoder=encoder, + # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1 + custom_encoder=encoders, sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe, ) if dataclasses.is_dataclass(obj): - return dataclasses.asdict(obj) + obj_dict = dataclasses.asdict(obj) + return jsonable_encoder( + obj_dict, + include=include, + exclude=exclude, + by_alias=by_alias, + exclude_unset=exclude_unset, + exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults, + exclude_none=exclude_none, + custom_encoder=custom_encoder, + sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe, + ) if isinstance(obj, Enum): return obj.value if isinstance(obj, PurePath): @@ -72,6 +261,11 @@ def jsonable_encoder( return obj if isinstance(obj, dict): encoded_dict = {} + allowed_keys = set(obj.keys()) + if include is not None: + allowed_keys &= set(include) + if exclude is not None: + allowed_keys -= set(exclude) for key, value in obj.items(): if ( ( @@ -80,7 +274,7 @@ def jsonable_encoder( or (not key.startswith("_sa")) ) and (value is not None or not exclude_none) - and ((include and key in include) or not exclude or key not in exclude) + and key in allowed_keys ): encoded_key = jsonable_encoder( key, @@ -100,7 +294,7 @@ def jsonable_encoder( ) encoded_dict[encoded_key] = encoded_value return encoded_dict - if isinstance(obj, (list, set, frozenset, GeneratorType, tuple)): + if isinstance(obj, (list, set, frozenset, GeneratorType, tuple, deque)): encoded_list = [] for item in obj: encoded_list.append( @@ -118,32 +312,26 @@ def jsonable_encoder( ) return encoded_list - if custom_encoder: - if type(obj) in custom_encoder: - return custom_encoder[type(obj)](obj) - else: - for encoder_type, encoder in custom_encoder.items(): - if isinstance(obj, encoder_type): - return encoder(obj) - if type(obj) in ENCODERS_BY_TYPE: return ENCODERS_BY_TYPE[type(obj)](obj) for encoder, classes_tuple in encoders_by_class_tuples.items(): if isinstance(obj, classes_tuple): return encoder(obj) - errors: List[Exception] = [] try: data = dict(obj) except Exception as e: + errors: List[Exception] = [] errors.append(e) try: data = vars(obj) except Exception as e: errors.append(e) - raise ValueError(errors) + raise ValueError(errors) from e return jsonable_encoder( data, + include=include, + exclude=exclude, by_alias=by_alias, exclude_unset=exclude_unset, exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults, diff --git a/fastapi/exception_handlers.py b/fastapi/exception_handlers.py index 2b286d71c..6c2ba7fed 100644 --- a/fastapi/exception_handlers.py +++ b/fastapi/exception_handlers.py @@ -1,19 +1,20 @@ from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder -from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError +from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError, WebSocketRequestValidationError +from fastapi.utils import is_body_allowed_for_status_code +from fastapi.websockets import WebSocket from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException from starlette.requests import Request -from starlette.responses import JSONResponse -from starlette.status import HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY +from starlette.responses import JSONResponse, Response +from starlette.status import HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY, WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION -async def http_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: HTTPException) -> JSONResponse: +async def http_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: HTTPException) -> Response: headers = getattr(exc, "headers", None) - if headers: - return JSONResponse( - {"detail": exc.detail}, status_code=exc.status_code, headers=headers - ) - else: - return JSONResponse({"detail": exc.detail}, status_code=exc.status_code) + if not is_body_allowed_for_status_code(exc.status_code): + return Response(status_code=exc.status_code, headers=headers) + return JSONResponse( + {"detail": exc.detail}, status_code=exc.status_code, headers=headers + ) async def request_validation_exception_handler( @@ -23,3 +24,11 @@ async def request_validation_exception_handler( status_code=HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY, content={"detail": jsonable_encoder(exc.errors())}, ) + + +async def websocket_request_validation_exception_handler( + websocket: WebSocket, exc: WebSocketRequestValidationError +) -> None: + await websocket.close( + code=WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION, reason=jsonable_encoder(exc.errors()) + ) diff --git a/fastapi/exceptions.py b/fastapi/exceptions.py index f4a837bb4..680d288e4 100644 --- a/fastapi/exceptions.py +++ b/fastapi/exceptions.py @@ -1,19 +1,139 @@ -from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Sequence, Type +from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Sequence, Type, Union -from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError, create_model -from pydantic.error_wrappers import ErrorList +from pydantic import BaseModel, create_model from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException as StarletteHTTPException +from starlette.exceptions import WebSocketException as StarletteWebSocketException +from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc # type: ignore [attr-defined] class HTTPException(StarletteHTTPException): + """ + An HTTP exception you can raise in your own code to show errors to the client. + + This is for client errors, invalid authentication, invalid data, etc. Not for server + errors in your code. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Handling Errors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/). + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException + + app = FastAPI() + + items = {"foo": "The Foo Wrestlers"} + + + @app.get("/items/{item_id}") + async def read_item(item_id: str): + if item_id not in items: + raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found") + return {"item": items[item_id]} + ``` + """ + def __init__( self, - status_code: int, - detail: Any = None, - headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + status_code: Annotated[ + int, + Doc( + """ + HTTP status code to send to the client. + """ + ), + ], + detail: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + Any data to be sent to the client in the `detail` key of the JSON + response. + """ + ), + ] = None, + headers: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, str]], + Doc( + """ + Any headers to send to the client in the response. + """ + ), + ] = None, ) -> None: - super().__init__(status_code=status_code, detail=detail) - self.headers = headers + super().__init__(status_code=status_code, detail=detail, headers=headers) + + +class WebSocketException(StarletteWebSocketException): + """ + A WebSocket exception you can raise in your own code to show errors to the client. + + This is for client errors, invalid authentication, invalid data, etc. Not for server + errors in your code. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for WebSockets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/). + + ## Example + + ```python + from typing import Annotated + + from fastapi import ( + Cookie, + FastAPI, + WebSocket, + WebSocketException, + status, + ) + + app = FastAPI() + + @app.websocket("/items/{item_id}/ws") + async def websocket_endpoint( + *, + websocket: WebSocket, + session: Annotated[str | None, Cookie()] = None, + item_id: str, + ): + if session is None: + raise WebSocketException(code=status.WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION) + await websocket.accept() + while True: + data = await websocket.receive_text() + await websocket.send_text(f"Session cookie is: {session}") + await websocket.send_text(f"Message text was: {data}, for item ID: {item_id}") + ``` + """ + + def __init__( + self, + code: Annotated[ + int, + Doc( + """ + A closing code from the + [valid codes defined in the specification](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-7.4.1). + """ + ), + ], + reason: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + The reason to close the WebSocket connection. + + It is UTF-8-encoded data. The interpretation of the reason is up to the + application, it is not specified by the WebSocket specification. + + It could contain text that could be human-readable or interpretable + by the client code, etc. + """ + ), + ] = None, + ) -> None: + super().__init__(code=code, reason=reason) RequestErrorModel: Type[BaseModel] = create_model("Request") @@ -26,12 +146,31 @@ class FastAPIError(RuntimeError): """ -class RequestValidationError(ValidationError): - def __init__(self, errors: Sequence[ErrorList], *, body: Any = None) -> None: +class ValidationException(Exception): + def __init__(self, errors: Sequence[Any]) -> None: + self._errors = errors + + def errors(self) -> Sequence[Any]: + return self._errors + + +class RequestValidationError(ValidationException): + def __init__(self, errors: Sequence[Any], *, body: Any = None) -> None: + super().__init__(errors) self.body = body - super().__init__(errors, RequestErrorModel) -class WebSocketRequestValidationError(ValidationError): - def __init__(self, errors: Sequence[ErrorList]) -> None: - super().__init__(errors, WebSocketErrorModel) +class WebSocketRequestValidationError(ValidationException): + pass + + +class ResponseValidationError(ValidationException): + def __init__(self, errors: Sequence[Any], *, body: Any = None) -> None: + super().__init__(errors) + self.body = body + + def __str__(self) -> str: + message = f"{len(self._errors)} validation errors:\n" + for err in self._errors: + message += f" {err}\n" + return message diff --git a/fastapi/openapi/constants.py b/fastapi/openapi/constants.py index 3e69e5524..d724ee3cf 100644 --- a/fastapi/openapi/constants.py +++ b/fastapi/openapi/constants.py @@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ METHODS_WITH_BODY = {"GET", "HEAD", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE", "PATCH"} -STATUS_CODES_WITH_NO_BODY = {100, 101, 102, 103, 204, 304} REF_PREFIX = "#/components/schemas/" +REF_TEMPLATE = "#/components/schemas/{model}" diff --git a/fastapi/openapi/docs.py b/fastapi/openapi/docs.py index fd22e4e8c..69473d19c 100644 --- a/fastapi/openapi/docs.py +++ b/fastapi/openapi/docs.py @@ -3,18 +3,116 @@ from typing import Any, Dict, Optional from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse +from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc # type: ignore [attr-defined] + +swagger_ui_default_parameters: Annotated[ + Dict[str, Any], + Doc( + """ + Default configurations for Swagger UI. + + You can use it as a template to add any other configurations needed. + """ + ), +] = { + "dom_id": "#swagger-ui", + "layout": "BaseLayout", + "deepLinking": True, + "showExtensions": True, + "showCommonExtensions": True, +} def get_swagger_ui_html( *, - openapi_url: str, - title: str, - swagger_js_url: str = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swagger-ui-dist@3/swagger-ui-bundle.js", - swagger_css_url: str = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swagger-ui-dist@3/swagger-ui.css", - swagger_favicon_url: str = "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png", - oauth2_redirect_url: Optional[str] = None, - init_oauth: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + openapi_url: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The OpenAPI URL that Swagger UI should load and use. + + This is normally done automatically by FastAPI using the default URL + `/openapi.json`. + """ + ), + ], + title: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The HTML `` content, normally shown in the browser tab. + """ + ), + ], + swagger_js_url: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL to use to load the Swagger UI JavaScript. + + It is normally set to a CDN URL. + """ + ), + ] = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swagger-ui-dist@5.9.0/swagger-ui-bundle.js", + swagger_css_url: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL to use to load the Swagger UI CSS. + + It is normally set to a CDN URL. + """ + ), + ] = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swagger-ui-dist@5.9.0/swagger-ui.css", + swagger_favicon_url: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL of the favicon to use. It is normally shown in the browser tab. + """ + ), + ] = "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png", + oauth2_redirect_url: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + The OAuth2 redirect URL, it is normally automatically handled by FastAPI. + """ + ), + ] = None, + init_oauth: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Any]], + Doc( + """ + A dictionary with Swagger UI OAuth2 initialization configurations. + """ + ), + ] = None, + swagger_ui_parameters: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Any]], + Doc( + """ + Configuration parameters for Swagger UI. + + It defaults to [swagger_ui_default_parameters][fastapi.openapi.docs.swagger_ui_default_parameters]. + """ + ), + ] = None, ) -> HTMLResponse: + """ + Generate and return the HTML that loads Swagger UI for the interactive + API docs (normally served at `/docs`). + + You would only call this function yourself if you needed to override some parts, + for example the URLs to use to load Swagger UI's JavaScript and CSS. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Configure Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/configure-swagger-ui/) + and the [FastAPI docs for Custom Docs UI Static Assets (Self-Hosting)](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets/). + """ + current_swagger_ui_parameters = swagger_ui_default_parameters.copy() + if swagger_ui_parameters: + current_swagger_ui_parameters.update(swagger_ui_parameters) html = f""" <!DOCTYPE html> @@ -34,19 +132,17 @@ def get_swagger_ui_html( url: '{openapi_url}', """ + for key, value in current_swagger_ui_parameters.items(): + html += f"{json.dumps(key)}: {json.dumps(jsonable_encoder(value))},\n" + if oauth2_redirect_url: html += f"oauth2RedirectUrl: window.location.origin + '{oauth2_redirect_url}'," html += """ - dom_id: '#swagger-ui', - presets: [ + presets: [ SwaggerUIBundle.presets.apis, SwaggerUIBundle.SwaggerUIStandalonePreset ], - layout: "BaseLayout", - deepLinking: true, - showExtensions: true, - showCommonExtensions: true })""" if init_oauth: @@ -64,12 +160,62 @@ def get_swagger_ui_html( def get_redoc_html( *, - openapi_url: str, - title: str, - redoc_js_url: str = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/redoc@next/bundles/redoc.standalone.js", - redoc_favicon_url: str = "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png", - with_google_fonts: bool = True, + openapi_url: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The OpenAPI URL that ReDoc should load and use. + + This is normally done automatically by FastAPI using the default URL + `/openapi.json`. + """ + ), + ], + title: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The HTML `<title>` content, normally shown in the browser tab. + """ + ), + ], + redoc_js_url: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL to use to load the ReDoc JavaScript. + + It is normally set to a CDN URL. + """ + ), + ] = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/redoc@next/bundles/redoc.standalone.js", + redoc_favicon_url: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL of the favicon to use. It is normally shown in the browser tab. + """ + ), + ] = "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png", + with_google_fonts: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Load and use Google Fonts. + """ + ), + ] = True, ) -> HTMLResponse: + """ + Generate and return the HTML response that loads ReDoc for the alternative + API docs (normally served at `/redoc`). + + You would only call this function yourself if you needed to override some parts, + for example the URLs to use to load ReDoc's JavaScript and CSS. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Docs UI Static Assets (Self-Hosting)](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets/). + """ html = f""" <!DOCTYPE html> <html> @@ -96,6 +242,9 @@ def get_redoc_html( </style> </head> <body> + <noscript> + ReDoc requires Javascript to function. Please enable it to browse the documentation. + </noscript> <redoc spec-url="{openapi_url}"></redoc> <script src="{redoc_js_url}"> </script> </body> @@ -105,12 +254,19 @@ def get_redoc_html( def get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html() -> HTMLResponse: + """ + Generate the HTML response with the OAuth2 redirection for Swagger UI. + + You normally don't need to use or change this. + """ + # copied from https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui/blob/v4.14.0/dist/oauth2-redirect.html html = """ - <!DOCTYPE html> + <!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> - <body onload="run()"> - </body> - </html> + <head> + <title>Swagger UI: OAuth2 Redirect + + + + """ return HTMLResponse(content=html) diff --git a/fastapi/openapi/models.py b/fastapi/openapi/models.py index 361c75005..5f3bdbb20 100644 --- a/fastapi/openapi/models.py +++ b/fastapi/openapi/models.py @@ -1,11 +1,21 @@ from enum import Enum -from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Union +from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Type, Union +from fastapi._compat import ( + PYDANTIC_V2, + CoreSchema, + GetJsonSchemaHandler, + JsonSchemaValue, + _model_rebuild, + with_info_plain_validator_function, +) from fastapi.logger import logger from pydantic import AnyUrl, BaseModel, Field +from typing_extensions import Annotated, Literal, TypedDict +from typing_extensions import deprecated as typing_deprecated try: - import email_validator # type: ignore + import email_validator assert email_validator # make autoflake ignore the unused import from pydantic import EmailStr @@ -24,43 +34,85 @@ except ImportError: # pragma: no cover ) return str(v) + @classmethod + def _validate(cls, __input_value: Any, _: Any) -> str: + logger.warning( + "email-validator not installed, email fields will be treated as str.\n" + "To install, run: pip install email-validator" + ) + return str(__input_value) + + @classmethod + def __get_pydantic_json_schema__( + cls, core_schema: CoreSchema, handler: GetJsonSchemaHandler + ) -> JsonSchemaValue: + return {"type": "string", "format": "email"} + + @classmethod + def __get_pydantic_core_schema__( + cls, source: Type[Any], handler: Callable[[Any], CoreSchema] + ) -> CoreSchema: + return with_info_plain_validator_function(cls._validate) + class Contact(BaseModel): name: Optional[str] = None url: Optional[AnyUrl] = None email: Optional[EmailStr] = None - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class License(BaseModel): name: str + identifier: Optional[str] = None url: Optional[AnyUrl] = None - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class Info(BaseModel): title: str + summary: Optional[str] = None description: Optional[str] = None termsOfService: Optional[str] = None contact: Optional[Contact] = None license: Optional[License] = None version: str - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class ServerVariable(BaseModel): - enum: Optional[List[str]] = None + enum: Annotated[Optional[List[str]], Field(min_length=1)] = None default: str description: Optional[str] = None - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class Server(BaseModel): @@ -68,12 +120,17 @@ class Server(BaseModel): description: Optional[str] = None variables: Optional[Dict[str, ServerVariable]] = None - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class Reference(BaseModel): - ref: str = Field(..., alias="$ref") + ref: str = Field(alias="$ref") class Discriminator(BaseModel): @@ -88,68 +145,141 @@ class XML(BaseModel): attribute: Optional[bool] = None wrapped: Optional[bool] = None - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class ExternalDocumentation(BaseModel): description: Optional[str] = None url: AnyUrl - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class Schema(BaseModel): - ref: Optional[str] = Field(None, alias="$ref") - title: Optional[str] = None - multipleOf: Optional[float] = None + # Ref: JSON Schema 2020-12: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-core.html#name-the-json-schema-core-vocabu + # Core Vocabulary + schema_: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, alias="$schema") + vocabulary: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, alias="$vocabulary") + id: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, alias="$id") + anchor: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, alias="$anchor") + dynamicAnchor: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, alias="$dynamicAnchor") + ref: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, alias="$ref") + dynamicRef: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, alias="$dynamicRef") + defs: Optional[Dict[str, "SchemaOrBool"]] = Field(default=None, alias="$defs") + comment: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, alias="$comment") + # Ref: JSON Schema 2020-12: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-core.html#name-a-vocabulary-for-applying-s + # A Vocabulary for Applying Subschemas + allOf: Optional[List["SchemaOrBool"]] = None + anyOf: Optional[List["SchemaOrBool"]] = None + oneOf: Optional[List["SchemaOrBool"]] = None + not_: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = Field(default=None, alias="not") + if_: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = Field(default=None, alias="if") + then: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None + else_: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = Field(default=None, alias="else") + dependentSchemas: Optional[Dict[str, "SchemaOrBool"]] = None + prefixItems: Optional[List["SchemaOrBool"]] = None + # TODO: uncomment and remove below when deprecating Pydantic v1 + # It generales a list of schemas for tuples, before prefixItems was available + # items: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None + items: Optional[Union["SchemaOrBool", List["SchemaOrBool"]]] = None + contains: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None + properties: Optional[Dict[str, "SchemaOrBool"]] = None + patternProperties: Optional[Dict[str, "SchemaOrBool"]] = None + additionalProperties: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None + propertyNames: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None + unevaluatedItems: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None + unevaluatedProperties: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None + # Ref: JSON Schema Validation 2020-12: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-validation.html#name-a-vocabulary-for-structural + # A Vocabulary for Structural Validation + type: Optional[str] = None + enum: Optional[List[Any]] = None + const: Optional[Any] = None + multipleOf: Optional[float] = Field(default=None, gt=0) maximum: Optional[float] = None exclusiveMaximum: Optional[float] = None minimum: Optional[float] = None exclusiveMinimum: Optional[float] = None - maxLength: Optional[int] = Field(None, gte=0) - minLength: Optional[int] = Field(None, gte=0) + maxLength: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, ge=0) + minLength: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, ge=0) pattern: Optional[str] = None - maxItems: Optional[int] = Field(None, gte=0) - minItems: Optional[int] = Field(None, gte=0) + maxItems: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, ge=0) + minItems: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, ge=0) uniqueItems: Optional[bool] = None - maxProperties: Optional[int] = Field(None, gte=0) - minProperties: Optional[int] = Field(None, gte=0) + maxContains: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, ge=0) + minContains: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, ge=0) + maxProperties: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, ge=0) + minProperties: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, ge=0) required: Optional[List[str]] = None - enum: Optional[List[Any]] = None - type: Optional[str] = None - allOf: Optional[List["Schema"]] = None - oneOf: Optional[List["Schema"]] = None - anyOf: Optional[List["Schema"]] = None - not_: Optional["Schema"] = Field(None, alias="not") - items: Optional["Schema"] = None - properties: Optional[Dict[str, "Schema"]] = None - additionalProperties: Optional[Union["Schema", Reference, bool]] = None - description: Optional[str] = None + dependentRequired: Optional[Dict[str, Set[str]]] = None + # Ref: JSON Schema Validation 2020-12: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-validation.html#name-vocabularies-for-semantic-c + # Vocabularies for Semantic Content With "format" format: Optional[str] = None + # Ref: JSON Schema Validation 2020-12: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-validation.html#name-a-vocabulary-for-the-conten + # A Vocabulary for the Contents of String-Encoded Data + contentEncoding: Optional[str] = None + contentMediaType: Optional[str] = None + contentSchema: Optional["SchemaOrBool"] = None + # Ref: JSON Schema Validation 2020-12: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-validation.html#name-a-vocabulary-for-basic-meta + # A Vocabulary for Basic Meta-Data Annotations + title: Optional[str] = None + description: Optional[str] = None default: Optional[Any] = None - nullable: Optional[bool] = None - discriminator: Optional[Discriminator] = None + deprecated: Optional[bool] = None readOnly: Optional[bool] = None writeOnly: Optional[bool] = None + examples: Optional[List[Any]] = None + # Ref: OpenAPI 3.1.0: https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/main/versions/3.1.0.md#schema-object + # Schema Object + discriminator: Optional[Discriminator] = None xml: Optional[XML] = None externalDocs: Optional[ExternalDocumentation] = None - example: Optional[Any] = None - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None + example: Annotated[ + Optional[Any], + typing_deprecated( + "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, " + "although still supported. Use examples instead." + ), + ] = None - class Config: - extra: str = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" -class Example(BaseModel): - summary: Optional[str] = None - description: Optional[str] = None - value: Optional[Any] = None - externalValue: Optional[AnyUrl] = None +# Ref: https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/json-schema-core.html#name-json-schema-documents +# A JSON Schema MUST be an object or a boolean. +SchemaOrBool = Union[Schema, bool] - class Config: - extra = "allow" + +class Example(TypedDict, total=False): + summary: Optional[str] + description: Optional[str] + value: Optional[Any] + externalValue: Optional[AnyUrl] + + if PYDANTIC_V2: # type: ignore [misc] + __pydantic_config__ = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class ParameterInType(Enum): @@ -166,18 +296,28 @@ class Encoding(BaseModel): explode: Optional[bool] = None allowReserved: Optional[bool] = None - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class MediaType(BaseModel): - schema_: Optional[Union[Schema, Reference]] = Field(None, alias="schema") + schema_: Optional[Union[Schema, Reference]] = Field(default=None, alias="schema") example: Optional[Any] = None examples: Optional[Dict[str, Union[Example, Reference]]] = None encoding: Optional[Dict[str, Encoding]] = None - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class ParameterBase(BaseModel): @@ -188,19 +328,24 @@ class ParameterBase(BaseModel): style: Optional[str] = None explode: Optional[bool] = None allowReserved: Optional[bool] = None - schema_: Optional[Union[Schema, Reference]] = Field(None, alias="schema") + schema_: Optional[Union[Schema, Reference]] = Field(default=None, alias="schema") example: Optional[Any] = None examples: Optional[Dict[str, Union[Example, Reference]]] = None # Serialization rules for more complex scenarios content: Optional[Dict[str, MediaType]] = None - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class Parameter(ParameterBase): name: str - in_: ParameterInType = Field(..., alias="in") + in_: ParameterInType = Field(alias="in") class Header(ParameterBase): @@ -212,8 +357,13 @@ class RequestBody(BaseModel): content: Dict[str, MediaType] required: Optional[bool] = None - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class Link(BaseModel): @@ -224,8 +374,13 @@ class Link(BaseModel): description: Optional[str] = None server: Optional[Server] = None - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class Response(BaseModel): @@ -234,8 +389,13 @@ class Response(BaseModel): content: Optional[Dict[str, MediaType]] = None links: Optional[Dict[str, Union[Link, Reference]]] = None - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class Operation(BaseModel): @@ -247,18 +407,23 @@ class Operation(BaseModel): parameters: Optional[List[Union[Parameter, Reference]]] = None requestBody: Optional[Union[RequestBody, Reference]] = None # Using Any for Specification Extensions - responses: Dict[str, Union[Response, Any]] + responses: Optional[Dict[str, Union[Response, Any]]] = None callbacks: Optional[Dict[str, Union[Dict[str, "PathItem"], Reference]]] = None deprecated: Optional[bool] = None security: Optional[List[Dict[str, List[str]]]] = None servers: Optional[List[Server]] = None - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class PathItem(BaseModel): - ref: Optional[str] = Field(None, alias="$ref") + ref: Optional[str] = Field(default=None, alias="$ref") summary: Optional[str] = None description: Optional[str] = None get: Optional[Operation] = None @@ -272,8 +437,13 @@ class PathItem(BaseModel): servers: Optional[List[Server]] = None parameters: Optional[List[Union[Parameter, Reference]]] = None - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class SecuritySchemeType(Enum): @@ -284,11 +454,16 @@ class SecuritySchemeType(Enum): class SecurityBase(BaseModel): - type_: SecuritySchemeType = Field(..., alias="type") + type_: SecuritySchemeType = Field(alias="type") description: Optional[str] = None - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class APIKeyIn(Enum): @@ -298,18 +473,18 @@ class APIKeyIn(Enum): class APIKey(SecurityBase): - type_ = Field(SecuritySchemeType.apiKey, alias="type") - in_: APIKeyIn = Field(..., alias="in") + type_: SecuritySchemeType = Field(default=SecuritySchemeType.apiKey, alias="type") + in_: APIKeyIn = Field(alias="in") name: str class HTTPBase(SecurityBase): - type_ = Field(SecuritySchemeType.http, alias="type") + type_: SecuritySchemeType = Field(default=SecuritySchemeType.http, alias="type") scheme: str class HTTPBearer(HTTPBase): - scheme = "bearer" + scheme: Literal["bearer"] = "bearer" bearerFormat: Optional[str] = None @@ -317,8 +492,13 @@ class OAuthFlow(BaseModel): refreshUrl: Optional[str] = None scopes: Dict[str, str] = {} - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class OAuthFlowImplicit(OAuthFlow): @@ -344,17 +524,24 @@ class OAuthFlows(BaseModel): clientCredentials: Optional[OAuthFlowClientCredentials] = None authorizationCode: Optional[OAuthFlowAuthorizationCode] = None - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class OAuth2(SecurityBase): - type_ = Field(SecuritySchemeType.oauth2, alias="type") + type_: SecuritySchemeType = Field(default=SecuritySchemeType.oauth2, alias="type") flows: OAuthFlows class OpenIdConnect(SecurityBase): - type_ = Field(SecuritySchemeType.openIdConnect, alias="type") + type_: SecuritySchemeType = Field( + default=SecuritySchemeType.openIdConnect, alias="type" + ) openIdConnectUrl: str @@ -372,9 +559,15 @@ class Components(BaseModel): links: Optional[Dict[str, Union[Link, Reference]]] = None # Using Any for Specification Extensions callbacks: Optional[Dict[str, Union[Dict[str, PathItem], Reference, Any]]] = None + pathItems: Optional[Dict[str, Union[PathItem, Reference]]] = None - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class Tag(BaseModel): @@ -382,25 +575,37 @@ class Tag(BaseModel): description: Optional[str] = None externalDocs: Optional[ExternalDocumentation] = None - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" class OpenAPI(BaseModel): openapi: str info: Info + jsonSchemaDialect: Optional[str] = None servers: Optional[List[Server]] = None # Using Any for Specification Extensions - paths: Dict[str, Union[PathItem, Any]] + paths: Optional[Dict[str, Union[PathItem, Any]]] = None + webhooks: Optional[Dict[str, Union[PathItem, Reference]]] = None components: Optional[Components] = None security: Optional[List[Dict[str, List[str]]]] = None tags: Optional[List[Tag]] = None externalDocs: Optional[ExternalDocumentation] = None - class Config: - extra = "allow" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + model_config = {"extra": "allow"} + + else: + + class Config: + extra = "allow" -Schema.update_forward_refs() -Operation.update_forward_refs() -Encoding.update_forward_refs() +_model_rebuild(Schema) +_model_rebuild(Operation) +_model_rebuild(Encoding) diff --git a/fastapi/openapi/utils.py b/fastapi/openapi/utils.py index 0e73e21bf..5bfb5acef 100644 --- a/fastapi/openapi/utils.py +++ b/fastapi/openapi/utils.py @@ -1,43 +1,47 @@ import http.client import inspect -from enum import Enum +import warnings from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Set, Tuple, Type, Union, cast from fastapi import routing +from fastapi._compat import ( + GenerateJsonSchema, + JsonSchemaValue, + ModelField, + Undefined, + get_compat_model_name_map, + get_definitions, + get_schema_from_model_field, + lenient_issubclass, +) from fastapi.datastructures import DefaultPlaceholder from fastapi.dependencies.models import Dependant from fastapi.dependencies.utils import get_flat_dependant, get_flat_params from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder -from fastapi.openapi.constants import ( - METHODS_WITH_BODY, - REF_PREFIX, - STATUS_CODES_WITH_NO_BODY, -) +from fastapi.openapi.constants import METHODS_WITH_BODY, REF_PREFIX, REF_TEMPLATE from fastapi.openapi.models import OpenAPI from fastapi.params import Body, Param from fastapi.responses import Response +from fastapi.types import ModelNameMap from fastapi.utils import ( deep_dict_update, generate_operation_id_for_path, - get_model_definitions, + is_body_allowed_for_status_code, ) -from pydantic import BaseModel -from pydantic.fields import ModelField, Undefined -from pydantic.schema import ( - field_schema, - get_flat_models_from_fields, - get_model_name_map, -) -from pydantic.utils import lenient_issubclass from starlette.responses import JSONResponse from starlette.routing import BaseRoute from starlette.status import HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY +from typing_extensions import Literal validation_error_definition = { "title": "ValidationError", "type": "object", "properties": { - "loc": {"title": "Location", "type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}, + "loc": { + "title": "Location", + "type": "array", + "items": {"anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]}, + }, "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"}, "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"}, }, @@ -86,24 +90,36 @@ def get_openapi_security_definitions( def get_openapi_operation_parameters( *, all_route_params: Sequence[ModelField], - model_name_map: Dict[Union[Type[BaseModel], Type[Enum]], str], + schema_generator: GenerateJsonSchema, + model_name_map: ModelNameMap, + field_mapping: Dict[ + Tuple[ModelField, Literal["validation", "serialization"]], JsonSchemaValue + ], + separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True, ) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]: parameters = [] for param in all_route_params: field_info = param.field_info field_info = cast(Param, field_info) + if not field_info.include_in_schema: + continue + param_schema = get_schema_from_model_field( + field=param, + schema_generator=schema_generator, + model_name_map=model_name_map, + field_mapping=field_mapping, + separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas, + ) parameter = { "name": param.alias, "in": field_info.in_.value, "required": param.required, - "schema": field_schema( - param, model_name_map=model_name_map, ref_prefix=REF_PREFIX - )[0], + "schema": param_schema, } if field_info.description: parameter["description"] = field_info.description - if field_info.examples: - parameter["examples"] = jsonable_encoder(field_info.examples) + if field_info.openapi_examples: + parameter["examples"] = jsonable_encoder(field_info.openapi_examples) elif field_info.example != Undefined: parameter["example"] = jsonable_encoder(field_info.example) if field_info.deprecated: @@ -115,13 +131,22 @@ def get_openapi_operation_parameters( def get_openapi_operation_request_body( *, body_field: Optional[ModelField], - model_name_map: Dict[Union[Type[BaseModel], Type[Enum]], str], + schema_generator: GenerateJsonSchema, + model_name_map: ModelNameMap, + field_mapping: Dict[ + Tuple[ModelField, Literal["validation", "serialization"]], JsonSchemaValue + ], + separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True, ) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]: if not body_field: return None assert isinstance(body_field, ModelField) - body_schema, _, _ = field_schema( - body_field, model_name_map=model_name_map, ref_prefix=REF_PREFIX + body_schema = get_schema_from_model_field( + field=body_field, + schema_generator=schema_generator, + model_name_map=model_name_map, + field_mapping=field_mapping, + separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas, ) field_info = cast(Body, body_field.field_info) request_media_type = field_info.media_type @@ -130,15 +155,25 @@ def get_openapi_operation_request_body( if required: request_body_oai["required"] = required request_media_content: Dict[str, Any] = {"schema": body_schema} - if field_info.examples: - request_media_content["examples"] = jsonable_encoder(field_info.examples) + if field_info.openapi_examples: + request_media_content["examples"] = jsonable_encoder( + field_info.openapi_examples + ) elif field_info.example != Undefined: request_media_content["example"] = jsonable_encoder(field_info.example) request_body_oai["content"] = {request_media_type: request_media_content} return request_body_oai -def generate_operation_id(*, route: routing.APIRoute, method: str) -> str: +def generate_operation_id( + *, route: routing.APIRoute, method: str +) -> str: # pragma: nocover + warnings.warn( + "fastapi.openapi.utils.generate_operation_id() was deprecated, " + "it is not used internally, and will be removed soon", + DeprecationWarning, + stacklevel=2, + ) if route.operation_id: return route.operation_id path: str = route.path_format @@ -152,7 +187,7 @@ def generate_operation_summary(*, route: routing.APIRoute, method: str) -> str: def get_openapi_operation_metadata( - *, route: routing.APIRoute, method: str + *, route: routing.APIRoute, method: str, operation_ids: Set[str] ) -> Dict[str, Any]: operation: Dict[str, Any] = {} if route.tags: @@ -160,14 +195,33 @@ def get_openapi_operation_metadata( operation["summary"] = generate_operation_summary(route=route, method=method) if route.description: operation["description"] = route.description - operation["operationId"] = generate_operation_id(route=route, method=method) + operation_id = route.operation_id or route.unique_id + if operation_id in operation_ids: + message = ( + f"Duplicate Operation ID {operation_id} for function " + + f"{route.endpoint.__name__}" + ) + file_name = getattr(route.endpoint, "__globals__", {}).get("__file__") + if file_name: + message += f" at {file_name}" + warnings.warn(message, stacklevel=1) + operation_ids.add(operation_id) + operation["operationId"] = operation_id if route.deprecated: operation["deprecated"] = route.deprecated return operation def get_openapi_path( - *, route: routing.APIRoute, model_name_map: Dict[type, str] + *, + route: routing.APIRoute, + operation_ids: Set[str], + schema_generator: GenerateJsonSchema, + model_name_map: ModelNameMap, + field_mapping: Dict[ + Tuple[ModelField, Literal["validation", "serialization"]], JsonSchemaValue + ], + separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True, ) -> Tuple[Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any], Dict[str, Any]]: path = {} security_schemes: Dict[str, Any] = {} @@ -181,7 +235,9 @@ def get_openapi_path( route_response_media_type: Optional[str] = current_response_class.media_type if route.include_in_schema: for method in route.methods: - operation = get_openapi_operation_metadata(route=route, method=method) + operation = get_openapi_operation_metadata( + route=route, method=method, operation_ids=operation_ids + ) parameters: List[Dict[str, Any]] = [] flat_dependant = get_flat_dependant(route.dependant, skip_repeats=True) security_definitions, operation_security = get_openapi_security_definitions( @@ -193,16 +249,33 @@ def get_openapi_path( security_schemes.update(security_definitions) all_route_params = get_flat_params(route.dependant) operation_parameters = get_openapi_operation_parameters( - all_route_params=all_route_params, model_name_map=model_name_map + all_route_params=all_route_params, + schema_generator=schema_generator, + model_name_map=model_name_map, + field_mapping=field_mapping, + separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas, ) parameters.extend(operation_parameters) if parameters: - operation["parameters"] = list( - {param["name"]: param for param in parameters}.values() - ) + all_parameters = { + (param["in"], param["name"]): param for param in parameters + } + required_parameters = { + (param["in"], param["name"]): param + for param in parameters + if param.get("required") + } + # Make sure required definitions of the same parameter take precedence + # over non-required definitions + all_parameters.update(required_parameters) + operation["parameters"] = list(all_parameters.values()) if method in METHODS_WITH_BODY: request_body_oai = get_openapi_operation_request_body( - body_field=route.body_field, model_name_map=model_name_map + body_field=route.body_field, + schema_generator=schema_generator, + model_name_map=model_name_map, + field_mapping=field_mapping, + separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas, ) if request_body_oai: operation["requestBody"] = request_body_oai @@ -215,7 +288,12 @@ def get_openapi_path( cb_security_schemes, cb_definitions, ) = get_openapi_path( - route=callback, model_name_map=model_name_map + route=callback, + operation_ids=operation_ids, + schema_generator=schema_generator, + model_name_map=model_name_map, + field_mapping=field_mapping, + separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas, ) callbacks[callback.name] = {callback.path: cb_path} operation["callbacks"] = callbacks @@ -235,17 +313,18 @@ def get_openapi_path( operation.setdefault("responses", {}).setdefault(status_code, {})[ "description" ] = route.response_description - if ( - route_response_media_type - and route.status_code not in STATUS_CODES_WITH_NO_BODY + if route_response_media_type and is_body_allowed_for_status_code( + route.status_code ): response_schema = {"type": "string"} if lenient_issubclass(current_response_class, JSONResponse): if route.response_field: - response_schema, _, _ = field_schema( - route.response_field, + response_schema = get_schema_from_model_field( + field=route.response_field, + schema_generator=schema_generator, model_name_map=model_name_map, - ref_prefix=REF_PREFIX, + field_mapping=field_mapping, + separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas, ) else: response_schema = {} @@ -274,8 +353,12 @@ def get_openapi_path( field = route.response_fields.get(additional_status_code) additional_field_schema: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None if field: - additional_field_schema, _, _ = field_schema( - field, model_name_map=model_name_map, ref_prefix=REF_PREFIX + additional_field_schema = get_schema_from_model_field( + field=field, + schema_generator=schema_generator, + model_name_map=model_name_map, + field_mapping=field_mapping, + separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas, ) media_type = route_response_media_type or "application/json" additional_schema = ( @@ -297,10 +380,8 @@ def get_openapi_path( openapi_response["description"] = description http422 = str(HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY) if (all_route_params or route.body_field) and not any( - [ - status in operation["responses"] - for status in [http422, "4XX", "default"] - ] + status in operation["responses"] + for status in [http422, "4XX", "default"] ): operation["responses"][http422] = { "description": "Validation Error", @@ -323,13 +404,13 @@ def get_openapi_path( return path, security_schemes, definitions -def get_flat_models_from_routes( +def get_fields_from_routes( routes: Sequence[BaseRoute], -) -> Set[Union[Type[BaseModel], Type[Enum]]]: +) -> List[ModelField]: body_fields_from_routes: List[ModelField] = [] responses_from_routes: List[ModelField] = [] request_fields_from_routes: List[ModelField] = [] - callback_flat_models: Set[Union[Type[BaseModel], Type[Enum]]] = set() + callback_flat_models: List[ModelField] = [] for route in routes: if getattr(route, "include_in_schema", None) and isinstance( route, routing.APIRoute @@ -344,13 +425,12 @@ def get_flat_models_from_routes( if route.response_fields: responses_from_routes.extend(route.response_fields.values()) if route.callbacks: - callback_flat_models |= get_flat_models_from_routes(route.callbacks) + callback_flat_models.extend(get_fields_from_routes(route.callbacks)) params = get_flat_params(route.dependant) request_fields_from_routes.extend(params) - flat_models = callback_flat_models | get_flat_models_from_fields( - body_fields_from_routes + responses_from_routes + request_fields_from_routes, - known_models=set(), + flat_models = callback_flat_models + list( + body_fields_from_routes + responses_from_routes + request_fields_from_routes ) return flat_models @@ -359,16 +439,21 @@ def get_openapi( *, title: str, version: str, - openapi_version: str = "3.0.2", + openapi_version: str = "3.1.0", + summary: Optional[str] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, routes: Sequence[BaseRoute], + webhooks: Optional[Sequence[BaseRoute]] = None, tags: Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]] = None, servers: Optional[List[Dict[str, Union[str, Any]]]] = None, terms_of_service: Optional[str] = None, contact: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, Any]]] = None, license_info: Optional[Dict[str, Union[str, Any]]] = None, + separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True, ) -> Dict[str, Any]: info: Dict[str, Any] = {"title": title, "version": version} + if summary: + info["summary"] = summary if description: info["description"] = description if terms_of_service: @@ -382,14 +467,27 @@ def get_openapi( output["servers"] = servers components: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {} paths: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {} - flat_models = get_flat_models_from_routes(routes) - model_name_map = get_model_name_map(flat_models) - definitions = get_model_definitions( - flat_models=flat_models, model_name_map=model_name_map + webhook_paths: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {} + operation_ids: Set[str] = set() + all_fields = get_fields_from_routes(list(routes or []) + list(webhooks or [])) + model_name_map = get_compat_model_name_map(all_fields) + schema_generator = GenerateJsonSchema(ref_template=REF_TEMPLATE) + field_mapping, definitions = get_definitions( + fields=all_fields, + schema_generator=schema_generator, + model_name_map=model_name_map, + separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas, ) - for route in routes: + for route in routes or []: if isinstance(route, routing.APIRoute): - result = get_openapi_path(route=route, model_name_map=model_name_map) + result = get_openapi_path( + route=route, + operation_ids=operation_ids, + schema_generator=schema_generator, + model_name_map=model_name_map, + field_mapping=field_mapping, + separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas, + ) if result: path, security_schemes, path_definitions = result if path: @@ -400,11 +498,33 @@ def get_openapi( ) if path_definitions: definitions.update(path_definitions) + for webhook in webhooks or []: + if isinstance(webhook, routing.APIRoute): + result = get_openapi_path( + route=webhook, + operation_ids=operation_ids, + schema_generator=schema_generator, + model_name_map=model_name_map, + field_mapping=field_mapping, + separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas, + ) + if result: + path, security_schemes, path_definitions = result + if path: + webhook_paths.setdefault(webhook.path_format, {}).update(path) + if security_schemes: + components.setdefault("securitySchemes", {}).update( + security_schemes + ) + if path_definitions: + definitions.update(path_definitions) if definitions: components["schemas"] = {k: definitions[k] for k in sorted(definitions)} if components: output["components"] = components output["paths"] = paths + if webhook_paths: + output["webhooks"] = webhook_paths if tags: output["tags"] = tags return jsonable_encoder(OpenAPI(**output), by_alias=True, exclude_none=True) # type: ignore diff --git a/fastapi/param_functions.py b/fastapi/param_functions.py index ff65d7271..3f6dbc959 100644 --- a/fastapi/param_functions.py +++ b/fastapi/param_functions.py @@ -1,30 +1,315 @@ -from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Sequence +from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Union from fastapi import params -from pydantic.fields import Undefined +from fastapi._compat import Undefined +from fastapi.openapi.models import Example +from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc, deprecated # type: ignore [attr-defined] + +_Unset: Any = Undefined def Path( # noqa: N802 - default: Any, + default: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + Default value if the parameter field is not set. + + This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required. + The parameter is available only for compatibility. + """ + ), + ] = ..., *, - alias: Optional[str] = None, - title: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - gt: Optional[float] = None, - ge: Optional[float] = None, - lt: Optional[float] = None, - le: Optional[float] = None, - min_length: Optional[int] = None, - max_length: Optional[int] = None, - regex: Optional[str] = None, - example: Any = Undefined, - examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - **extra: Any, + default_factory: Annotated[ + Union[Callable[[], Any], None], + Doc( + """ + A callable to generate the default value. + + This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required. + The parameter is available only for compatibility. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + alias: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + An alternative name for the parameter field. + + This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI. + It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it + is a Python reserved keyword or similar. + """ + ), + ] = None, + alias_priority: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + # TODO: update when deprecating Pydantic v1, import these types + # validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None + validation_alias: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + 'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one + allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined. + """ + ), + ] = None, + serialization_alias: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + 'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the + single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other + fields will be ignored at serialization time. + """ + ), + ] = None, + title: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Human-readable title. + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Human-readable description. + """ + ), + ] = None, + gt: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to + numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + ge: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to + this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + lt: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + le: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this. + Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + min_length: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + Minimum length for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + max_length: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + Maximum length for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + pattern: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + RegEx pattern for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + regex: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + RegEx pattern for strings. + """ + ), + deprecated( + "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead." + ), + ] = None, + discriminator: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union. + """ + ), + ] = None, + strict: Annotated[ + Union[bool, None], + Doc( + """ + If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + multiple_of: Annotated[ + Union[float, None], + Doc( + """ + Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + allow_inf_nan: Annotated[ + Union[bool, None], + Doc( + """ + Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + max_digits: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Maximum number of allow digits for strings. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + decimal_places: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Maximum number of decimal places allowed for numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + examples: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Any]], + Doc( + """ + Example values for this field. + """ + ), + ] = None, + example: Annotated[ + Optional[Any], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, " + "although still supported. Use examples instead." + ), + ] = _Unset, + openapi_examples: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Example]], + Doc( + """ + OpenAPI-specific examples. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the + OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main + use case for this. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this parameter field as deprecated. + + It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI. + You probably don't need it, but it's available. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = True, + json_schema_extra: Annotated[ + Union[Dict[str, Any], None], + Doc( + """ + Any additional JSON schema data. + """ + ), + ] = None, + **extra: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema. + """ + ), + deprecated( + """ + The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead. + """ + ), + ], ) -> Any: + """ + Declare a path parameter for a *path operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Parameters and Numeric Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations/). + + ```python + from typing import Annotated + + from fastapi import FastAPI, Path + + app = FastAPI() + + + @app.get("/items/{item_id}") + async def read_items( + item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get")], + ): + return {"item_id": item_id} + ``` + """ return params.Path( default=default, + default_factory=default_factory, alias=alias, + alias_priority=alias_priority, + validation_alias=validation_alias, + serialization_alias=serialization_alias, title=title, description=description, gt=gt, @@ -33,35 +318,302 @@ def Path( # noqa: N802 le=le, min_length=min_length, max_length=max_length, + pattern=pattern, regex=regex, + discriminator=discriminator, + strict=strict, + multiple_of=multiple_of, + allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan, + max_digits=max_digits, + decimal_places=decimal_places, example=example, examples=examples, + openapi_examples=openapi_examples, deprecated=deprecated, + include_in_schema=include_in_schema, + json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra, **extra, ) def Query( # noqa: N802 - default: Any, + default: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + Default value if the parameter field is not set. + """ + ), + ] = Undefined, *, - alias: Optional[str] = None, - title: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - gt: Optional[float] = None, - ge: Optional[float] = None, - lt: Optional[float] = None, - le: Optional[float] = None, - min_length: Optional[int] = None, - max_length: Optional[int] = None, - regex: Optional[str] = None, - example: Any = Undefined, - examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - **extra: Any, + default_factory: Annotated[ + Union[Callable[[], Any], None], + Doc( + """ + A callable to generate the default value. + + This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required. + The parameter is available only for compatibility. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + alias: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + An alternative name for the parameter field. + + This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI. + It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it + is a Python reserved keyword or similar. + """ + ), + ] = None, + alias_priority: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + # TODO: update when deprecating Pydantic v1, import these types + # validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None + validation_alias: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + 'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one + allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined. + """ + ), + ] = None, + serialization_alias: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + 'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the + single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other + fields will be ignored at serialization time. + """ + ), + ] = None, + title: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Human-readable title. + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Human-readable description. + """ + ), + ] = None, + gt: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to + numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + ge: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to + this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + lt: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + le: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this. + Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + min_length: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + Minimum length for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + max_length: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + Maximum length for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + pattern: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + RegEx pattern for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + regex: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + RegEx pattern for strings. + """ + ), + deprecated( + "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead." + ), + ] = None, + discriminator: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union. + """ + ), + ] = None, + strict: Annotated[ + Union[bool, None], + Doc( + """ + If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + multiple_of: Annotated[ + Union[float, None], + Doc( + """ + Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + allow_inf_nan: Annotated[ + Union[bool, None], + Doc( + """ + Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + max_digits: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Maximum number of allow digits for strings. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + decimal_places: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Maximum number of decimal places allowed for numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + examples: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Any]], + Doc( + """ + Example values for this field. + """ + ), + ] = None, + example: Annotated[ + Optional[Any], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, " + "although still supported. Use examples instead." + ), + ] = _Unset, + openapi_examples: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Example]], + Doc( + """ + OpenAPI-specific examples. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the + OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main + use case for this. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this parameter field as deprecated. + + It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI. + You probably don't need it, but it's available. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = True, + json_schema_extra: Annotated[ + Union[Dict[str, Any], None], + Doc( + """ + Any additional JSON schema data. + """ + ), + ] = None, + **extra: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema. + """ + ), + deprecated( + """ + The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead. + """ + ), + ], ) -> Any: return params.Query( - default, + default=default, + default_factory=default_factory, alias=alias, + alias_priority=alias_priority, + validation_alias=validation_alias, + serialization_alias=serialization_alias, title=title, description=description, gt=gt, @@ -70,36 +622,313 @@ def Query( # noqa: N802 le=le, min_length=min_length, max_length=max_length, + pattern=pattern, regex=regex, + discriminator=discriminator, + strict=strict, + multiple_of=multiple_of, + allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan, + max_digits=max_digits, + decimal_places=decimal_places, example=example, examples=examples, + openapi_examples=openapi_examples, deprecated=deprecated, + include_in_schema=include_in_schema, + json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra, **extra, ) def Header( # noqa: N802 - default: Any, + default: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + Default value if the parameter field is not set. + """ + ), + ] = Undefined, *, - alias: Optional[str] = None, - convert_underscores: bool = True, - title: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - gt: Optional[float] = None, - ge: Optional[float] = None, - lt: Optional[float] = None, - le: Optional[float] = None, - min_length: Optional[int] = None, - max_length: Optional[int] = None, - regex: Optional[str] = None, - example: Any = Undefined, - examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - **extra: Any, + default_factory: Annotated[ + Union[Callable[[], Any], None], + Doc( + """ + A callable to generate the default value. + + This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required. + The parameter is available only for compatibility. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + alias: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + An alternative name for the parameter field. + + This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI. + It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it + is a Python reserved keyword or similar. + """ + ), + ] = None, + alias_priority: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + # TODO: update when deprecating Pydantic v1, import these types + # validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None + validation_alias: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + 'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one + allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined. + """ + ), + ] = None, + serialization_alias: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + 'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the + single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other + fields will be ignored at serialization time. + """ + ), + ] = None, + convert_underscores: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Automatically convert underscores to hyphens in the parameter field name. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Header Parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/header-params/#automatic-conversion) + """ + ), + ] = True, + title: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Human-readable title. + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Human-readable description. + """ + ), + ] = None, + gt: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to + numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + ge: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to + this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + lt: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + le: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this. + Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + min_length: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + Minimum length for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + max_length: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + Maximum length for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + pattern: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + RegEx pattern for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + regex: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + RegEx pattern for strings. + """ + ), + deprecated( + "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead." + ), + ] = None, + discriminator: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union. + """ + ), + ] = None, + strict: Annotated[ + Union[bool, None], + Doc( + """ + If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + multiple_of: Annotated[ + Union[float, None], + Doc( + """ + Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + allow_inf_nan: Annotated[ + Union[bool, None], + Doc( + """ + Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + max_digits: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Maximum number of allow digits for strings. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + decimal_places: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Maximum number of decimal places allowed for numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + examples: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Any]], + Doc( + """ + Example values for this field. + """ + ), + ] = None, + example: Annotated[ + Optional[Any], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, " + "although still supported. Use examples instead." + ), + ] = _Unset, + openapi_examples: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Example]], + Doc( + """ + OpenAPI-specific examples. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the + OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main + use case for this. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this parameter field as deprecated. + + It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI. + You probably don't need it, but it's available. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = True, + json_schema_extra: Annotated[ + Union[Dict[str, Any], None], + Doc( + """ + Any additional JSON schema data. + """ + ), + ] = None, + **extra: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema. + """ + ), + deprecated( + """ + The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead. + """ + ), + ], ) -> Any: return params.Header( - default, + default=default, + default_factory=default_factory, alias=alias, + alias_priority=alias_priority, + validation_alias=validation_alias, + serialization_alias=serialization_alias, convert_underscores=convert_underscores, title=title, description=description, @@ -109,35 +938,302 @@ def Header( # noqa: N802 le=le, min_length=min_length, max_length=max_length, + pattern=pattern, regex=regex, + discriminator=discriminator, + strict=strict, + multiple_of=multiple_of, + allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan, + max_digits=max_digits, + decimal_places=decimal_places, example=example, examples=examples, + openapi_examples=openapi_examples, deprecated=deprecated, + include_in_schema=include_in_schema, + json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra, **extra, ) def Cookie( # noqa: N802 - default: Any, + default: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + Default value if the parameter field is not set. + """ + ), + ] = Undefined, *, - alias: Optional[str] = None, - title: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - gt: Optional[float] = None, - ge: Optional[float] = None, - lt: Optional[float] = None, - le: Optional[float] = None, - min_length: Optional[int] = None, - max_length: Optional[int] = None, - regex: Optional[str] = None, - example: Any = Undefined, - examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - **extra: Any, + default_factory: Annotated[ + Union[Callable[[], Any], None], + Doc( + """ + A callable to generate the default value. + + This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required. + The parameter is available only for compatibility. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + alias: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + An alternative name for the parameter field. + + This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI. + It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it + is a Python reserved keyword or similar. + """ + ), + ] = None, + alias_priority: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + # TODO: update when deprecating Pydantic v1, import these types + # validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None + validation_alias: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + 'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one + allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined. + """ + ), + ] = None, + serialization_alias: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + 'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the + single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other + fields will be ignored at serialization time. + """ + ), + ] = None, + title: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Human-readable title. + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Human-readable description. + """ + ), + ] = None, + gt: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to + numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + ge: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to + this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + lt: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + le: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this. + Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + min_length: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + Minimum length for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + max_length: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + Maximum length for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + pattern: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + RegEx pattern for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + regex: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + RegEx pattern for strings. + """ + ), + deprecated( + "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead." + ), + ] = None, + discriminator: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union. + """ + ), + ] = None, + strict: Annotated[ + Union[bool, None], + Doc( + """ + If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + multiple_of: Annotated[ + Union[float, None], + Doc( + """ + Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + allow_inf_nan: Annotated[ + Union[bool, None], + Doc( + """ + Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + max_digits: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Maximum number of allow digits for strings. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + decimal_places: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Maximum number of decimal places allowed for numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + examples: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Any]], + Doc( + """ + Example values for this field. + """ + ), + ] = None, + example: Annotated[ + Optional[Any], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, " + "although still supported. Use examples instead." + ), + ] = _Unset, + openapi_examples: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Example]], + Doc( + """ + OpenAPI-specific examples. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the + OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main + use case for this. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this parameter field as deprecated. + + It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI. + You probably don't need it, but it's available. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = True, + json_schema_extra: Annotated[ + Union[Dict[str, Any], None], + Doc( + """ + Any additional JSON schema data. + """ + ), + ] = None, + **extra: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema. + """ + ), + deprecated( + """ + The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead. + """ + ), + ], ) -> Any: return params.Cookie( - default, + default=default, + default_factory=default_factory, alias=alias, + alias_priority=alias_priority, + validation_alias=validation_alias, + serialization_alias=serialization_alias, title=title, description=description, gt=gt, @@ -146,38 +1242,327 @@ def Cookie( # noqa: N802 le=le, min_length=min_length, max_length=max_length, + pattern=pattern, regex=regex, + discriminator=discriminator, + strict=strict, + multiple_of=multiple_of, + allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan, + max_digits=max_digits, + decimal_places=decimal_places, example=example, examples=examples, + openapi_examples=openapi_examples, deprecated=deprecated, + include_in_schema=include_in_schema, + json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra, **extra, ) def Body( # noqa: N802 - default: Any, + default: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + Default value if the parameter field is not set. + """ + ), + ] = Undefined, *, - embed: bool = False, - media_type: str = "application/json", - alias: Optional[str] = None, - title: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - gt: Optional[float] = None, - ge: Optional[float] = None, - lt: Optional[float] = None, - le: Optional[float] = None, - min_length: Optional[int] = None, - max_length: Optional[int] = None, - regex: Optional[str] = None, - example: Any = Undefined, - examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, - **extra: Any, + default_factory: Annotated[ + Union[Callable[[], Any], None], + Doc( + """ + A callable to generate the default value. + + This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required. + The parameter is available only for compatibility. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + embed: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + When `embed` is `True`, the parameter will be expected in a JSON body as a + key instead of being the JSON body itself. + + This happens automatically when more than one `Body` parameter is declared. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Body - Multiple Parameters](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/body-multiple-params/#embed-a-single-body-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + media_type: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The media type of this parameter field. Changing it would affect the + generated OpenAPI, but currently it doesn't affect the parsing of the data. + """ + ), + ] = "application/json", + alias: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + An alternative name for the parameter field. + + This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI. + It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it + is a Python reserved keyword or similar. + """ + ), + ] = None, + alias_priority: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + # TODO: update when deprecating Pydantic v1, import these types + # validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None + validation_alias: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + 'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one + allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined. + """ + ), + ] = None, + serialization_alias: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + 'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the + single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other + fields will be ignored at serialization time. + """ + ), + ] = None, + title: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Human-readable title. + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Human-readable description. + """ + ), + ] = None, + gt: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to + numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + ge: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to + this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + lt: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + le: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this. + Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + min_length: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + Minimum length for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + max_length: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + Maximum length for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + pattern: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + RegEx pattern for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + regex: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + RegEx pattern for strings. + """ + ), + deprecated( + "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead." + ), + ] = None, + discriminator: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union. + """ + ), + ] = None, + strict: Annotated[ + Union[bool, None], + Doc( + """ + If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + multiple_of: Annotated[ + Union[float, None], + Doc( + """ + Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + allow_inf_nan: Annotated[ + Union[bool, None], + Doc( + """ + Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + max_digits: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Maximum number of allow digits for strings. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + decimal_places: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Maximum number of decimal places allowed for numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + examples: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Any]], + Doc( + """ + Example values for this field. + """ + ), + ] = None, + example: Annotated[ + Optional[Any], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, " + "although still supported. Use examples instead." + ), + ] = _Unset, + openapi_examples: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Example]], + Doc( + """ + OpenAPI-specific examples. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the + OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main + use case for this. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this parameter field as deprecated. + + It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI. + You probably don't need it, but it's available. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = True, + json_schema_extra: Annotated[ + Union[Dict[str, Any], None], + Doc( + """ + Any additional JSON schema data. + """ + ), + ] = None, + **extra: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema. + """ + ), + deprecated( + """ + The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead. + """ + ), + ], ) -> Any: return params.Body( - default, + default=default, + default_factory=default_factory, embed=embed, media_type=media_type, alias=alias, + alias_priority=alias_priority, + validation_alias=validation_alias, + serialization_alias=serialization_alias, title=title, description=description, gt=gt, @@ -186,35 +1571,312 @@ def Body( # noqa: N802 le=le, min_length=min_length, max_length=max_length, + pattern=pattern, regex=regex, + discriminator=discriminator, + strict=strict, + multiple_of=multiple_of, + allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan, + max_digits=max_digits, + decimal_places=decimal_places, example=example, examples=examples, + openapi_examples=openapi_examples, + deprecated=deprecated, + include_in_schema=include_in_schema, + json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra, **extra, ) def Form( # noqa: N802 - default: Any, + default: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + Default value if the parameter field is not set. + """ + ), + ] = Undefined, *, - media_type: str = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", - alias: Optional[str] = None, - title: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - gt: Optional[float] = None, - ge: Optional[float] = None, - lt: Optional[float] = None, - le: Optional[float] = None, - min_length: Optional[int] = None, - max_length: Optional[int] = None, - regex: Optional[str] = None, - example: Any = Undefined, - examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, - **extra: Any, + default_factory: Annotated[ + Union[Callable[[], Any], None], + Doc( + """ + A callable to generate the default value. + + This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required. + The parameter is available only for compatibility. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + media_type: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The media type of this parameter field. Changing it would affect the + generated OpenAPI, but currently it doesn't affect the parsing of the data. + """ + ), + ] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", + alias: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + An alternative name for the parameter field. + + This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI. + It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it + is a Python reserved keyword or similar. + """ + ), + ] = None, + alias_priority: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + # TODO: update when deprecating Pydantic v1, import these types + # validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None + validation_alias: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + 'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one + allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined. + """ + ), + ] = None, + serialization_alias: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + 'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the + single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other + fields will be ignored at serialization time. + """ + ), + ] = None, + title: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Human-readable title. + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Human-readable description. + """ + ), + ] = None, + gt: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to + numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + ge: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to + this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + lt: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + le: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this. + Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + min_length: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + Minimum length for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + max_length: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + Maximum length for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + pattern: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + RegEx pattern for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + regex: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + RegEx pattern for strings. + """ + ), + deprecated( + "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead." + ), + ] = None, + discriminator: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union. + """ + ), + ] = None, + strict: Annotated[ + Union[bool, None], + Doc( + """ + If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + multiple_of: Annotated[ + Union[float, None], + Doc( + """ + Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + allow_inf_nan: Annotated[ + Union[bool, None], + Doc( + """ + Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + max_digits: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Maximum number of allow digits for strings. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + decimal_places: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Maximum number of decimal places allowed for numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + examples: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Any]], + Doc( + """ + Example values for this field. + """ + ), + ] = None, + example: Annotated[ + Optional[Any], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, " + "although still supported. Use examples instead." + ), + ] = _Unset, + openapi_examples: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Example]], + Doc( + """ + OpenAPI-specific examples. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the + OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main + use case for this. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this parameter field as deprecated. + + It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI. + You probably don't need it, but it's available. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = True, + json_schema_extra: Annotated[ + Union[Dict[str, Any], None], + Doc( + """ + Any additional JSON schema data. + """ + ), + ] = None, + **extra: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema. + """ + ), + deprecated( + """ + The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead. + """ + ), + ], ) -> Any: return params.Form( - default, + default=default, + default_factory=default_factory, media_type=media_type, alias=alias, + alias_priority=alias_priority, + validation_alias=validation_alias, + serialization_alias=serialization_alias, title=title, description=description, gt=gt, @@ -223,35 +1885,312 @@ def Form( # noqa: N802 le=le, min_length=min_length, max_length=max_length, + pattern=pattern, regex=regex, + discriminator=discriminator, + strict=strict, + multiple_of=multiple_of, + allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan, + max_digits=max_digits, + decimal_places=decimal_places, example=example, examples=examples, + openapi_examples=openapi_examples, + deprecated=deprecated, + include_in_schema=include_in_schema, + json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra, **extra, ) def File( # noqa: N802 - default: Any, + default: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + Default value if the parameter field is not set. + """ + ), + ] = Undefined, *, - media_type: str = "multipart/form-data", - alias: Optional[str] = None, - title: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - gt: Optional[float] = None, - ge: Optional[float] = None, - lt: Optional[float] = None, - le: Optional[float] = None, - min_length: Optional[int] = None, - max_length: Optional[int] = None, - regex: Optional[str] = None, - example: Any = Undefined, - examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, - **extra: Any, + default_factory: Annotated[ + Union[Callable[[], Any], None], + Doc( + """ + A callable to generate the default value. + + This doesn't affect `Path` parameters as the value is always required. + The parameter is available only for compatibility. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + media_type: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The media type of this parameter field. Changing it would affect the + generated OpenAPI, but currently it doesn't affect the parsing of the data. + """ + ), + ] = "multipart/form-data", + alias: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + An alternative name for the parameter field. + + This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI. + It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it + is a Python reserved keyword or similar. + """ + ), + ] = None, + alias_priority: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Priority of the alias. This affects whether an alias generator is used. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + # TODO: update when deprecating Pydantic v1, import these types + # validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None + validation_alias: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + 'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one + allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined. + """ + ), + ] = None, + serialization_alias: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + 'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the + single one of the alias' or set of aliases' fields and all the other + fields will be ignored at serialization time. + """ + ), + ] = None, + title: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Human-readable title. + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Human-readable description. + """ + ), + ] = None, + gt: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Greater than. If set, value must be greater than this. Only applicable to + numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + ge: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Greater than or equal. If set, value must be greater than or equal to + this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + lt: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Less than. If set, value must be less than this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + le: Annotated[ + Optional[float], + Doc( + """ + Less than or equal. If set, value must be less than or equal to this. + Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = None, + min_length: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + Minimum length for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + max_length: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + Maximum length for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + pattern: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + RegEx pattern for strings. + """ + ), + ] = None, + regex: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + RegEx pattern for strings. + """ + ), + deprecated( + "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead." + ), + ] = None, + discriminator: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Doc( + """ + Parameter field name for discriminating the type in a tagged union. + """ + ), + ] = None, + strict: Annotated[ + Union[bool, None], + Doc( + """ + If `True`, strict validation is applied to the field. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + multiple_of: Annotated[ + Union[float, None], + Doc( + """ + Value must be a multiple of this. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + allow_inf_nan: Annotated[ + Union[bool, None], + Doc( + """ + Allow `inf`, `-inf`, `nan`. Only applicable to numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + max_digits: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Maximum number of allow digits for strings. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + decimal_places: Annotated[ + Union[int, None], + Doc( + """ + Maximum number of decimal places allowed for numbers. + """ + ), + ] = _Unset, + examples: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Any]], + Doc( + """ + Example values for this field. + """ + ), + ] = None, + example: Annotated[ + Optional[Any], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, " + "although still supported. Use examples instead." + ), + ] = _Unset, + openapi_examples: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Example]], + Doc( + """ + OpenAPI-specific examples. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Swagger UI (that provides the `/docs` interface) has better support for the + OpenAPI-specific examples than the JSON Schema `examples`, that's the main + use case for this. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Declare Request Example Data](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/schema-extra-example/#using-the-openapi_examples-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this parameter field as deprecated. + + It will affect the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + To include (or not) this parameter field in the generated OpenAPI. + You probably don't need it, but it's available. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = True, + json_schema_extra: Annotated[ + Union[Dict[str, Any], None], + Doc( + """ + Any additional JSON schema data. + """ + ), + ] = None, + **extra: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + Include extra fields used by the JSON Schema. + """ + ), + deprecated( + """ + The `extra` kwargs is deprecated. Use `json_schema_extra` instead. + """ + ), + ], ) -> Any: return params.File( - default, + default=default, + default_factory=default_factory, media_type=media_type, alias=alias, + alias_priority=alias_priority, + validation_alias=validation_alias, + serialization_alias=serialization_alias, title=title, description=description, gt=gt, @@ -260,23 +2199,162 @@ def File( # noqa: N802 le=le, min_length=min_length, max_length=max_length, + pattern=pattern, regex=regex, + discriminator=discriminator, + strict=strict, + multiple_of=multiple_of, + allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan, + max_digits=max_digits, + decimal_places=decimal_places, example=example, examples=examples, + openapi_examples=openapi_examples, + deprecated=deprecated, + include_in_schema=include_in_schema, + json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra, **extra, ) def Depends( # noqa: N802 - dependency: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None, *, use_cache: bool = True + dependency: Annotated[ + Optional[Callable[..., Any]], + Doc( + """ + A "dependable" callable (like a function). + + Don't call it directly, FastAPI will call it for you, just pass the object + directly. + """ + ), + ] = None, + *, + use_cache: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + By default, after a dependency is called the first time in a request, if + the dependency is declared again for the rest of the request (for example + if the dependency is needed by several dependencies), the value will be + re-used for the rest of the request. + + Set `use_cache` to `False` to disable this behavior and ensure the + dependency is called again (if declared more than once) in the same request. + """ + ), + ] = True, ) -> Any: + """ + Declare a FastAPI dependency. + + It takes a single "dependable" callable (like a function). + + Don't call it directly, FastAPI will call it for you. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Dependencies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/). + + **Example** + + ```python + from typing import Annotated + + from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + + app = FastAPI() + + + async def common_parameters(q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100): + return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit} + + + @app.get("/items/") + async def read_items(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]): + return commons + ``` + """ return params.Depends(dependency=dependency, use_cache=use_cache) def Security( # noqa: N802 - dependency: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None, + dependency: Annotated[ + Optional[Callable[..., Any]], + Doc( + """ + A "dependable" callable (like a function). + + Don't call it directly, FastAPI will call it for you, just pass the object + directly. + """ + ), + ] = None, *, - scopes: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None, - use_cache: bool = True, + scopes: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[str]], + Doc( + """ + OAuth2 scopes required for the *path operation* that uses this Security + dependency. + + The term "scope" comes from the OAuth2 specification, it seems to be + intentionaly vague and interpretable. It normally refers to permissions, + in cases to roles. + + These scopes are integrated with OpenAPI (and the API docs at `/docs`). + So they are visible in the OpenAPI specification. + ) + """ + ), + ] = None, + use_cache: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + By default, after a dependency is called the first time in a request, if + the dependency is declared again for the rest of the request (for example + if the dependency is needed by several dependencies), the value will be + re-used for the rest of the request. + + Set `use_cache` to `False` to disable this behavior and ensure the + dependency is called again (if declared more than once) in the same request. + """ + ), + ] = True, ) -> Any: + """ + Declare a FastAPI Security dependency. + + The only difference with a regular dependency is that it can declare OAuth2 + scopes that will be integrated with OpenAPI and the automatic UI docs (by default + at `/docs`). + + It takes a single "dependable" callable (like a function). + + Don't call it directly, FastAPI will call it for you. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Security](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/) and + in the + [FastAPI docs for OAuth2 scopes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes/). + + **Example** + + ```python + from typing import Annotated + + from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + + from .db import User + from .security import get_current_active_user + + app = FastAPI() + + @app.get("/users/me/items/") + async def read_own_items( + current_user: Annotated[User, Security(get_current_active_user, scopes=["items"])] + ): + return [{"item_id": "Foo", "owner": current_user.username}] + ``` + """ return params.Security(dependency=dependency, scopes=scopes, use_cache=use_cache) diff --git a/fastapi/params.py b/fastapi/params.py index 3cab98b78..b40944dba 100644 --- a/fastapi/params.py +++ b/fastapi/params.py @@ -1,7 +1,14 @@ +import warnings from enum import Enum -from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Optional, Sequence +from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Union -from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo, Undefined +from fastapi.openapi.models import Example +from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo +from typing_extensions import Annotated, deprecated + +from ._compat import PYDANTIC_V2, Undefined + +_Unset: Any = Undefined class ParamTypes(Enum): @@ -16,9 +23,16 @@ class Param(FieldInfo): def __init__( self, - default: Any, + default: Any = Undefined, *, + default_factory: Union[Callable[[], Any], None] = _Unset, + annotation: Optional[Any] = None, alias: Optional[str] = None, + alias_priority: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + # TODO: update when deprecating Pydantic v1, import these types + # validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None + validation_alias: Union[str, None] = None, + serialization_alias: Union[str, None] = None, title: Optional[str] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, gt: Optional[float] = None, @@ -27,17 +41,46 @@ class Param(FieldInfo): le: Optional[float] = None, min_length: Optional[int] = None, max_length: Optional[int] = None, - regex: Optional[str] = None, - example: Any = Undefined, - examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + pattern: Optional[str] = None, + regex: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead." + ), + ] = None, + discriminator: Union[str, None] = None, + strict: Union[bool, None] = _Unset, + multiple_of: Union[float, None] = _Unset, + allow_inf_nan: Union[bool, None] = _Unset, + max_digits: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + decimal_places: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + examples: Optional[List[Any]] = None, + example: Annotated[ + Optional[Any], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, " + "although still supported. Use examples instead." + ), + ] = _Unset, + openapi_examples: Optional[Dict[str, Example]] = None, deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, + include_in_schema: bool = True, + json_schema_extra: Union[Dict[str, Any], None] = None, **extra: Any, ): self.deprecated = deprecated + if example is not _Unset: + warnings.warn( + "`example` has been deprecated, please use `examples` instead", + category=DeprecationWarning, + stacklevel=4, + ) self.example = example - self.examples = examples - super().__init__( - default, + self.include_in_schema = include_in_schema + self.openapi_examples = openapi_examples + kwargs = dict( + default=default, + default_factory=default_factory, alias=alias, title=title, description=description, @@ -47,9 +90,40 @@ class Param(FieldInfo): le=le, min_length=min_length, max_length=max_length, - regex=regex, + discriminator=discriminator, + multiple_of=multiple_of, + allow_nan=allow_inf_nan, + max_digits=max_digits, + decimal_places=decimal_places, **extra, ) + if examples is not None: + kwargs["examples"] = examples + if regex is not None: + warnings.warn( + "`regex` has been deprecated, please use `pattern` instead", + category=DeprecationWarning, + stacklevel=4, + ) + current_json_schema_extra = json_schema_extra or extra + if PYDANTIC_V2: + kwargs.update( + { + "annotation": annotation, + "alias_priority": alias_priority, + "validation_alias": validation_alias, + "serialization_alias": serialization_alias, + "strict": strict, + "json_schema_extra": current_json_schema_extra, + } + ) + kwargs["pattern"] = pattern or regex + else: + kwargs["regex"] = pattern or regex + kwargs.update(**current_json_schema_extra) + use_kwargs = {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if v is not _Unset} + + super().__init__(**use_kwargs) def __repr__(self) -> str: return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.default})" @@ -60,9 +134,16 @@ class Path(Param): def __init__( self, - default: Any, + default: Any = ..., *, + default_factory: Union[Callable[[], Any], None] = _Unset, + annotation: Optional[Any] = None, alias: Optional[str] = None, + alias_priority: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + # TODO: update when deprecating Pydantic v1, import these types + # validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None + validation_alias: Union[str, None] = None, + serialization_alias: Union[str, None] = None, title: Optional[str] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, gt: Optional[float] = None, @@ -71,16 +152,43 @@ class Path(Param): le: Optional[float] = None, min_length: Optional[int] = None, max_length: Optional[int] = None, - regex: Optional[str] = None, - example: Any = Undefined, - examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + pattern: Optional[str] = None, + regex: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead." + ), + ] = None, + discriminator: Union[str, None] = None, + strict: Union[bool, None] = _Unset, + multiple_of: Union[float, None] = _Unset, + allow_inf_nan: Union[bool, None] = _Unset, + max_digits: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + decimal_places: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + examples: Optional[List[Any]] = None, + example: Annotated[ + Optional[Any], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, " + "although still supported. Use examples instead." + ), + ] = _Unset, + openapi_examples: Optional[Dict[str, Example]] = None, deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, + include_in_schema: bool = True, + json_schema_extra: Union[Dict[str, Any], None] = None, **extra: Any, ): + assert default is ..., "Path parameters cannot have a default value" self.in_ = self.in_ super().__init__( - ..., + default=default, + default_factory=default_factory, + annotation=annotation, alias=alias, + alias_priority=alias_priority, + validation_alias=validation_alias, + serialization_alias=serialization_alias, title=title, description=description, gt=gt, @@ -89,10 +197,20 @@ class Path(Param): le=le, min_length=min_length, max_length=max_length, + pattern=pattern, regex=regex, + discriminator=discriminator, + strict=strict, + multiple_of=multiple_of, + allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan, + max_digits=max_digits, + decimal_places=decimal_places, deprecated=deprecated, example=example, examples=examples, + openapi_examples=openapi_examples, + include_in_schema=include_in_schema, + json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra, **extra, ) @@ -102,9 +220,16 @@ class Query(Param): def __init__( self, - default: Any, + default: Any = Undefined, *, + default_factory: Union[Callable[[], Any], None] = _Unset, + annotation: Optional[Any] = None, alias: Optional[str] = None, + alias_priority: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + # TODO: update when deprecating Pydantic v1, import these types + # validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None + validation_alias: Union[str, None] = None, + serialization_alias: Union[str, None] = None, title: Optional[str] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, gt: Optional[float] = None, @@ -113,15 +238,41 @@ class Query(Param): le: Optional[float] = None, min_length: Optional[int] = None, max_length: Optional[int] = None, - regex: Optional[str] = None, - example: Any = Undefined, - examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + pattern: Optional[str] = None, + regex: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead." + ), + ] = None, + discriminator: Union[str, None] = None, + strict: Union[bool, None] = _Unset, + multiple_of: Union[float, None] = _Unset, + allow_inf_nan: Union[bool, None] = _Unset, + max_digits: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + decimal_places: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + examples: Optional[List[Any]] = None, + example: Annotated[ + Optional[Any], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, " + "although still supported. Use examples instead." + ), + ] = _Unset, + openapi_examples: Optional[Dict[str, Example]] = None, deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, + include_in_schema: bool = True, + json_schema_extra: Union[Dict[str, Any], None] = None, **extra: Any, ): super().__init__( - default, + default=default, + default_factory=default_factory, + annotation=annotation, alias=alias, + alias_priority=alias_priority, + validation_alias=validation_alias, + serialization_alias=serialization_alias, title=title, description=description, gt=gt, @@ -130,10 +281,20 @@ class Query(Param): le=le, min_length=min_length, max_length=max_length, + pattern=pattern, regex=regex, + discriminator=discriminator, + strict=strict, + multiple_of=multiple_of, + allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan, + max_digits=max_digits, + decimal_places=decimal_places, deprecated=deprecated, example=example, examples=examples, + openapi_examples=openapi_examples, + include_in_schema=include_in_schema, + json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra, **extra, ) @@ -143,9 +304,16 @@ class Header(Param): def __init__( self, - default: Any, + default: Any = Undefined, *, + default_factory: Union[Callable[[], Any], None] = _Unset, + annotation: Optional[Any] = None, alias: Optional[str] = None, + alias_priority: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + # TODO: update when deprecating Pydantic v1, import these types + # validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None + validation_alias: Union[str, None] = None, + serialization_alias: Union[str, None] = None, convert_underscores: bool = True, title: Optional[str] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, @@ -155,16 +323,42 @@ class Header(Param): le: Optional[float] = None, min_length: Optional[int] = None, max_length: Optional[int] = None, - regex: Optional[str] = None, - example: Any = Undefined, - examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + pattern: Optional[str] = None, + regex: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead." + ), + ] = None, + discriminator: Union[str, None] = None, + strict: Union[bool, None] = _Unset, + multiple_of: Union[float, None] = _Unset, + allow_inf_nan: Union[bool, None] = _Unset, + max_digits: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + decimal_places: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + examples: Optional[List[Any]] = None, + example: Annotated[ + Optional[Any], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, " + "although still supported. Use examples instead." + ), + ] = _Unset, + openapi_examples: Optional[Dict[str, Example]] = None, deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, + include_in_schema: bool = True, + json_schema_extra: Union[Dict[str, Any], None] = None, **extra: Any, ): self.convert_underscores = convert_underscores super().__init__( - default, + default=default, + default_factory=default_factory, + annotation=annotation, alias=alias, + alias_priority=alias_priority, + validation_alias=validation_alias, + serialization_alias=serialization_alias, title=title, description=description, gt=gt, @@ -173,10 +367,20 @@ class Header(Param): le=le, min_length=min_length, max_length=max_length, + pattern=pattern, regex=regex, + discriminator=discriminator, + strict=strict, + multiple_of=multiple_of, + allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan, + max_digits=max_digits, + decimal_places=decimal_places, deprecated=deprecated, example=example, examples=examples, + openapi_examples=openapi_examples, + include_in_schema=include_in_schema, + json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra, **extra, ) @@ -186,9 +390,16 @@ class Cookie(Param): def __init__( self, - default: Any, + default: Any = Undefined, *, + default_factory: Union[Callable[[], Any], None] = _Unset, + annotation: Optional[Any] = None, alias: Optional[str] = None, + alias_priority: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + # TODO: update when deprecating Pydantic v1, import these types + # validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None + validation_alias: Union[str, None] = None, + serialization_alias: Union[str, None] = None, title: Optional[str] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, gt: Optional[float] = None, @@ -197,15 +408,41 @@ class Cookie(Param): le: Optional[float] = None, min_length: Optional[int] = None, max_length: Optional[int] = None, - regex: Optional[str] = None, - example: Any = Undefined, - examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + pattern: Optional[str] = None, + regex: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead." + ), + ] = None, + discriminator: Union[str, None] = None, + strict: Union[bool, None] = _Unset, + multiple_of: Union[float, None] = _Unset, + allow_inf_nan: Union[bool, None] = _Unset, + max_digits: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + decimal_places: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + examples: Optional[List[Any]] = None, + example: Annotated[ + Optional[Any], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, " + "although still supported. Use examples instead." + ), + ] = _Unset, + openapi_examples: Optional[Dict[str, Example]] = None, deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, + include_in_schema: bool = True, + json_schema_extra: Union[Dict[str, Any], None] = None, **extra: Any, ): super().__init__( - default, + default=default, + default_factory=default_factory, + annotation=annotation, alias=alias, + alias_priority=alias_priority, + validation_alias=validation_alias, + serialization_alias=serialization_alias, title=title, description=description, gt=gt, @@ -214,10 +451,20 @@ class Cookie(Param): le=le, min_length=min_length, max_length=max_length, + pattern=pattern, regex=regex, + discriminator=discriminator, + strict=strict, + multiple_of=multiple_of, + allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan, + max_digits=max_digits, + decimal_places=decimal_places, deprecated=deprecated, example=example, examples=examples, + openapi_examples=openapi_examples, + include_in_schema=include_in_schema, + json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra, **extra, ) @@ -225,11 +472,18 @@ class Cookie(Param): class Body(FieldInfo): def __init__( self, - default: Any, + default: Any = Undefined, *, + default_factory: Union[Callable[[], Any], None] = _Unset, + annotation: Optional[Any] = None, embed: bool = False, media_type: str = "application/json", alias: Optional[str] = None, + alias_priority: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + # TODO: update when deprecating Pydantic v1, import these types + # validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None + validation_alias: Union[str, None] = None, + serialization_alias: Union[str, None] = None, title: Optional[str] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, gt: Optional[float] = None, @@ -238,17 +492,48 @@ class Body(FieldInfo): le: Optional[float] = None, min_length: Optional[int] = None, max_length: Optional[int] = None, - regex: Optional[str] = None, - example: Any = Undefined, - examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + pattern: Optional[str] = None, + regex: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead." + ), + ] = None, + discriminator: Union[str, None] = None, + strict: Union[bool, None] = _Unset, + multiple_of: Union[float, None] = _Unset, + allow_inf_nan: Union[bool, None] = _Unset, + max_digits: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + decimal_places: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + examples: Optional[List[Any]] = None, + example: Annotated[ + Optional[Any], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, " + "although still supported. Use examples instead." + ), + ] = _Unset, + openapi_examples: Optional[Dict[str, Example]] = None, + deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, + include_in_schema: bool = True, + json_schema_extra: Union[Dict[str, Any], None] = None, **extra: Any, ): self.embed = embed self.media_type = media_type + self.deprecated = deprecated + if example is not _Unset: + warnings.warn( + "`example` has been deprecated, please use `examples` instead", + category=DeprecationWarning, + stacklevel=4, + ) self.example = example - self.examples = examples - super().__init__( - default, + self.include_in_schema = include_in_schema + self.openapi_examples = openapi_examples + kwargs = dict( + default=default, + default_factory=default_factory, alias=alias, title=title, description=description, @@ -258,9 +543,41 @@ class Body(FieldInfo): le=le, min_length=min_length, max_length=max_length, - regex=regex, + discriminator=discriminator, + multiple_of=multiple_of, + allow_nan=allow_inf_nan, + max_digits=max_digits, + decimal_places=decimal_places, **extra, ) + if examples is not None: + kwargs["examples"] = examples + if regex is not None: + warnings.warn( + "`regex` has been depreacated, please use `pattern` instead", + category=DeprecationWarning, + stacklevel=4, + ) + current_json_schema_extra = json_schema_extra or extra + if PYDANTIC_V2: + kwargs.update( + { + "annotation": annotation, + "alias_priority": alias_priority, + "validation_alias": validation_alias, + "serialization_alias": serialization_alias, + "strict": strict, + "json_schema_extra": current_json_schema_extra, + } + ) + kwargs["pattern"] = pattern or regex + else: + kwargs["regex"] = pattern or regex + kwargs.update(**current_json_schema_extra) + + use_kwargs = {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if v is not _Unset} + + super().__init__(**use_kwargs) def __repr__(self) -> str: return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.default})" @@ -269,10 +586,17 @@ class Body(FieldInfo): class Form(Body): def __init__( self, - default: Any, + default: Any = Undefined, *, + default_factory: Union[Callable[[], Any], None] = _Unset, + annotation: Optional[Any] = None, media_type: str = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", alias: Optional[str] = None, + alias_priority: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + # TODO: update when deprecating Pydantic v1, import these types + # validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None + validation_alias: Union[str, None] = None, + serialization_alias: Union[str, None] = None, title: Optional[str] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, gt: Optional[float] = None, @@ -281,16 +605,43 @@ class Form(Body): le: Optional[float] = None, min_length: Optional[int] = None, max_length: Optional[int] = None, - regex: Optional[str] = None, - example: Any = Undefined, - examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + pattern: Optional[str] = None, + regex: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead." + ), + ] = None, + discriminator: Union[str, None] = None, + strict: Union[bool, None] = _Unset, + multiple_of: Union[float, None] = _Unset, + allow_inf_nan: Union[bool, None] = _Unset, + max_digits: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + decimal_places: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + examples: Optional[List[Any]] = None, + example: Annotated[ + Optional[Any], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, " + "although still supported. Use examples instead." + ), + ] = _Unset, + openapi_examples: Optional[Dict[str, Example]] = None, + deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, + include_in_schema: bool = True, + json_schema_extra: Union[Dict[str, Any], None] = None, **extra: Any, ): super().__init__( - default, + default=default, + default_factory=default_factory, + annotation=annotation, embed=True, media_type=media_type, alias=alias, + alias_priority=alias_priority, + validation_alias=validation_alias, + serialization_alias=serialization_alias, title=title, description=description, gt=gt, @@ -299,9 +650,20 @@ class Form(Body): le=le, min_length=min_length, max_length=max_length, + pattern=pattern, regex=regex, + discriminator=discriminator, + strict=strict, + multiple_of=multiple_of, + allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan, + max_digits=max_digits, + decimal_places=decimal_places, + deprecated=deprecated, example=example, examples=examples, + openapi_examples=openapi_examples, + include_in_schema=include_in_schema, + json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra, **extra, ) @@ -309,10 +671,17 @@ class Form(Body): class File(Form): def __init__( self, - default: Any, + default: Any = Undefined, *, + default_factory: Union[Callable[[], Any], None] = _Unset, + annotation: Optional[Any] = None, media_type: str = "multipart/form-data", alias: Optional[str] = None, + alias_priority: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + # TODO: update when deprecating Pydantic v1, import these types + # validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None + validation_alias: Union[str, None] = None, + serialization_alias: Union[str, None] = None, title: Optional[str] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, gt: Optional[float] = None, @@ -321,15 +690,42 @@ class File(Form): le: Optional[float] = None, min_length: Optional[int] = None, max_length: Optional[int] = None, - regex: Optional[str] = None, - example: Any = Undefined, - examples: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + pattern: Optional[str] = None, + regex: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in FastAPI 0.100.0 and Pydantic v2, use `pattern` instead." + ), + ] = None, + discriminator: Union[str, None] = None, + strict: Union[bool, None] = _Unset, + multiple_of: Union[float, None] = _Unset, + allow_inf_nan: Union[bool, None] = _Unset, + max_digits: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + decimal_places: Union[int, None] = _Unset, + examples: Optional[List[Any]] = None, + example: Annotated[ + Optional[Any], + deprecated( + "Deprecated in OpenAPI 3.1.0 that now uses JSON Schema 2020-12, " + "although still supported. Use examples instead." + ), + ] = _Unset, + openapi_examples: Optional[Dict[str, Example]] = None, + deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, + include_in_schema: bool = True, + json_schema_extra: Union[Dict[str, Any], None] = None, **extra: Any, ): super().__init__( - default, + default=default, + default_factory=default_factory, + annotation=annotation, media_type=media_type, alias=alias, + alias_priority=alias_priority, + validation_alias=validation_alias, + serialization_alias=serialization_alias, title=title, description=description, gt=gt, @@ -338,9 +734,20 @@ class File(Form): le=le, min_length=min_length, max_length=max_length, + pattern=pattern, regex=regex, + discriminator=discriminator, + strict=strict, + multiple_of=multiple_of, + allow_inf_nan=allow_inf_nan, + max_digits=max_digits, + decimal_places=decimal_places, + deprecated=deprecated, example=example, examples=examples, + openapi_examples=openapi_examples, + include_in_schema=include_in_schema, + json_schema_extra=json_schema_extra, **extra, ) diff --git a/fastapi/responses.py b/fastapi/responses.py index 6cd793157..6c8db6f33 100644 --- a/fastapi/responses.py +++ b/fastapi/responses.py @@ -21,14 +21,28 @@ except ImportError: # pragma: nocover class UJSONResponse(JSONResponse): + """ + JSON response using the high-performance ujson library to serialize data to JSON. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/). + """ + def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes: assert ujson is not None, "ujson must be installed to use UJSONResponse" return ujson.dumps(content, ensure_ascii=False).encode("utf-8") class ORJSONResponse(JSONResponse): - media_type = "application/json" + """ + JSON response using the high-performance orjson library to serialize data to JSON. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/). + """ def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes: assert orjson is not None, "orjson must be installed to use ORJSONResponse" - return orjson.dumps(content) + return orjson.dumps( + content, option=orjson.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS | orjson.OPT_SERIALIZE_NUMPY + ) diff --git a/fastapi/routing.py b/fastapi/routing.py index 63ad72964..acebabfca 100644 --- a/fastapi/routing.py +++ b/fastapi/routing.py @@ -1,9 +1,10 @@ import asyncio import dataclasses import email.message -import enum import inspect import json +from contextlib import AsyncExitStack +from enum import Enum, IntEnum from typing import ( Any, Callable, @@ -13,48 +14,62 @@ from typing import ( Optional, Sequence, Set, + Tuple, Type, Union, ) from fastapi import params +from fastapi._compat import ( + ModelField, + Undefined, + _get_model_config, + _model_dump, + _normalize_errors, + lenient_issubclass, +) from fastapi.datastructures import Default, DefaultPlaceholder from fastapi.dependencies.models import Dependant from fastapi.dependencies.utils import ( get_body_field, get_dependant, get_parameterless_sub_dependant, + get_typed_return_annotation, solve_dependencies, ) -from fastapi.encoders import DictIntStrAny, SetIntStr, jsonable_encoder -from fastapi.exceptions import RequestValidationError, WebSocketRequestValidationError -from fastapi.openapi.constants import STATUS_CODES_WITH_NO_BODY -from fastapi.types import DecoratedCallable +from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder +from fastapi.exceptions import ( + FastAPIError, + RequestValidationError, + ResponseValidationError, + WebSocketRequestValidationError, +) +from fastapi.types import DecoratedCallable, IncEx from fastapi.utils import ( create_cloned_field, create_response_field, - generate_operation_id_for_path, + generate_unique_id, get_value_or_default, + is_body_allowed_for_status_code, ) from pydantic import BaseModel -from pydantic.error_wrappers import ErrorWrapper, ValidationError -from pydantic.fields import ModelField, Undefined from starlette import routing from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException from starlette.requests import Request from starlette.responses import JSONResponse, Response -from starlette.routing import BaseRoute -from starlette.routing import Mount as Mount # noqa from starlette.routing import ( + BaseRoute, + Match, compile_path, get_name, request_response, websocket_session, ) -from starlette.status import WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION -from starlette.types import ASGIApp +from starlette.routing import Mount as Mount # noqa +from starlette.types import ASGIApp, Lifespan, Scope from starlette.websockets import WebSocket +from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc, deprecated # type: ignore [attr-defined] def _prepare_response_content( @@ -65,14 +80,15 @@ def _prepare_response_content( exclude_none: bool = False, ) -> Any: if isinstance(res, BaseModel): - read_with_orm_mode = getattr(res.__config__, "read_with_orm_mode", None) + read_with_orm_mode = getattr(_get_model_config(res), "read_with_orm_mode", None) if read_with_orm_mode: # Let from_orm extract the data from this model instead of converting # it now to a dict. - # Otherwise there's no way to extract lazy data that requires attribute + # Otherwise, there's no way to extract lazy data that requires attribute # access instead of dict iteration, e.g. lazy relationships. return res - return res.dict( + return _model_dump( + res, by_alias=True, exclude_unset=exclude_unset, exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults, @@ -107,8 +123,8 @@ async def serialize_response( *, field: Optional[ModelField] = None, response_content: Any, - include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, + include: Optional[IncEx] = None, + exclude: Optional[IncEx] = None, by_alias: bool = True, exclude_unset: bool = False, exclude_defaults: bool = False, @@ -117,24 +133,40 @@ async def serialize_response( ) -> Any: if field: errors = [] - response_content = _prepare_response_content( - response_content, - exclude_unset=exclude_unset, - exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults, - exclude_none=exclude_none, - ) + if not hasattr(field, "serialize"): + # pydantic v1 + response_content = _prepare_response_content( + response_content, + exclude_unset=exclude_unset, + exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults, + exclude_none=exclude_none, + ) if is_coroutine: value, errors_ = field.validate(response_content, {}, loc=("response",)) else: value, errors_ = await run_in_threadpool( field.validate, response_content, {}, loc=("response",) ) - if isinstance(errors_, ErrorWrapper): - errors.append(errors_) - elif isinstance(errors_, list): + if isinstance(errors_, list): errors.extend(errors_) + elif errors_: + errors.append(errors_) if errors: - raise ValidationError(errors, field.type_) + raise ResponseValidationError( + errors=_normalize_errors(errors), body=response_content + ) + + if hasattr(field, "serialize"): + return field.serialize( + value, + include=include, + exclude=exclude, + by_alias=by_alias, + exclude_unset=exclude_unset, + exclude_defaults=exclude_defaults, + exclude_none=exclude_none, + ) + return jsonable_encoder( value, include=include, @@ -167,8 +199,8 @@ def get_request_handler( status_code: Optional[int] = None, response_class: Union[Type[Response], DefaultPlaceholder] = Default(JSONResponse), response_field: Optional[ModelField] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, + response_model_include: Optional[IncEx] = None, + response_model_exclude: Optional[IncEx] = None, response_model_by_alias: bool = True, response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, @@ -184,74 +216,124 @@ def get_request_handler( actual_response_class = response_class async def app(request: Request) -> Response: - try: - body: Any = None - if body_field: - if is_body_form: - body = await request.form() + exception_to_reraise: Optional[Exception] = None + response: Union[Response, None] = None + async with AsyncExitStack() as async_exit_stack: + # TODO: remove this scope later, after a few releases + # This scope fastapi_astack is no longer used by FastAPI, kept for + # compatibility, just in case + request.scope["fastapi_astack"] = async_exit_stack + try: + body: Any = None + if body_field: + if is_body_form: + body = await request.form() + async_exit_stack.push_async_callback(body.close) + else: + body_bytes = await request.body() + if body_bytes: + json_body: Any = Undefined + content_type_value = request.headers.get("content-type") + if not content_type_value: + json_body = await request.json() + else: + message = email.message.Message() + message["content-type"] = content_type_value + if message.get_content_maintype() == "application": + subtype = message.get_content_subtype() + if subtype == "json" or subtype.endswith("+json"): + json_body = await request.json() + if json_body != Undefined: + body = json_body + else: + body = body_bytes + except json.JSONDecodeError as e: + validation_error = RequestValidationError( + [ + { + "type": "json_invalid", + "loc": ("body", e.pos), + "msg": "JSON decode error", + "input": {}, + "ctx": {"error": e.msg}, + } + ], + body=e.doc, + ) + exception_to_reraise = validation_error + raise validation_error from e + except HTTPException as e: + exception_to_reraise = e + raise + except Exception as e: + http_error = HTTPException( + status_code=400, detail="There was an error parsing the body" + ) + exception_to_reraise = http_error + raise http_error from e + try: + solved_result = await solve_dependencies( + request=request, + dependant=dependant, + body=body, + dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider, + async_exit_stack=async_exit_stack, + ) + values, errors, background_tasks, sub_response, _ = solved_result + except Exception as e: + exception_to_reraise = e + raise e + if errors: + validation_error = RequestValidationError( + _normalize_errors(errors), body=body + ) + exception_to_reraise = validation_error + raise validation_error + else: + try: + raw_response = await run_endpoint_function( + dependant=dependant, values=values, is_coroutine=is_coroutine + ) + except Exception as e: + exception_to_reraise = e + raise e + if isinstance(raw_response, Response): + if raw_response.background is None: + raw_response.background = background_tasks + response = raw_response else: - body_bytes = await request.body() - if body_bytes: - json_body: Any = Undefined - content_type_value = request.headers.get("content-type") - if not content_type_value: - json_body = await request.json() - else: - message = email.message.Message() - message["content-type"] = content_type_value - if message.get_content_maintype() == "application": - subtype = message.get_content_subtype() - if subtype == "json" or subtype.endswith("+json"): - json_body = await request.json() - if json_body != Undefined: - body = json_body - else: - body = body_bytes - except json.JSONDecodeError as e: - raise RequestValidationError([ErrorWrapper(e, ("body", e.pos))], body=e.doc) - except Exception as e: - raise HTTPException( - status_code=400, detail="There was an error parsing the body" - ) from e - solved_result = await solve_dependencies( - request=request, - dependant=dependant, - body=body, - dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider, - ) - values, errors, background_tasks, sub_response, _ = solved_result - if errors: - raise RequestValidationError(errors, body=body) - else: - raw_response = await run_endpoint_function( - dependant=dependant, values=values, is_coroutine=is_coroutine - ) - - if isinstance(raw_response, Response): - if raw_response.background is None: - raw_response.background = background_tasks - return raw_response - response_data = await serialize_response( - field=response_field, - response_content=raw_response, - include=response_model_include, - exclude=response_model_exclude, - by_alias=response_model_by_alias, - exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset, - exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults, - exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none, - is_coroutine=is_coroutine, - ) - response_args: Dict[str, Any] = {"background": background_tasks} - # If status_code was set, use it, otherwise use the default from the - # response class, in the case of redirect it's 307 - if status_code is not None: - response_args["status_code"] = status_code - response = actual_response_class(response_data, **response_args) - response.headers.raw.extend(sub_response.headers.raw) - if sub_response.status_code: - response.status_code = sub_response.status_code - return response + response_args: Dict[str, Any] = {"background": background_tasks} + # If status_code was set, use it, otherwise use the default from the + # response class, in the case of redirect it's 307 + current_status_code = ( + status_code if status_code else sub_response.status_code + ) + if current_status_code is not None: + response_args["status_code"] = current_status_code + if sub_response.status_code: + response_args["status_code"] = sub_response.status_code + content = await serialize_response( + field=response_field, + response_content=raw_response, + include=response_model_include, + exclude=response_model_exclude, + by_alias=response_model_by_alias, + exclude_unset=response_model_exclude_unset, + exclude_defaults=response_model_exclude_defaults, + exclude_none=response_model_exclude_none, + is_coroutine=is_coroutine, + ) + response = actual_response_class(content, **response_args) + if not is_body_allowed_for_status_code(response.status_code): + response.body = b"" + response.headers.raw.extend(sub_response.headers.raw) + # This exception was possibly handled by the dependency but it should + # still bubble up so that the ServerErrorMiddleware can return a 500 + # or the ExceptionMiddleware can catch and handle any other exceptions + if exception_to_reraise: + raise exception_to_reraise + assert response is not None, "An error occurred while generating the request" + return response return app @@ -260,17 +342,22 @@ def get_websocket_app( dependant: Dependant, dependency_overrides_provider: Optional[Any] = None ) -> Callable[[WebSocket], Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]]: async def app(websocket: WebSocket) -> None: - solved_result = await solve_dependencies( - request=websocket, - dependant=dependant, - dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider, - ) - values, errors, _, _2, _3 = solved_result - if errors: - await websocket.close(code=WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION) - raise WebSocketRequestValidationError(errors) - assert dependant.call is not None, "dependant.call must be a function" - await dependant.call(**values) + async with AsyncExitStack() as async_exit_stack: + # TODO: remove this scope later, after a few releases + # This scope fastapi_astack is no longer used by FastAPI, kept for + # compatibility, just in case + websocket.scope["fastapi_astack"] = async_exit_stack + solved_result = await solve_dependencies( + request=websocket, + dependant=dependant, + dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider, + async_exit_stack=async_exit_stack, + ) + values, errors, _, _2, _3 = solved_result + if errors: + raise WebSocketRequestValidationError(_normalize_errors(errors)) + assert dependant.call is not None, "dependant.call must be a function" + await dependant.call(**values) return app @@ -282,19 +369,33 @@ class APIWebSocketRoute(routing.WebSocketRoute): endpoint: Callable[..., Any], *, name: Optional[str] = None, + dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, dependency_overrides_provider: Optional[Any] = None, ) -> None: self.path = path self.endpoint = endpoint self.name = get_name(endpoint) if name is None else name - self.dependant = get_dependant(path=path, call=self.endpoint) + self.dependencies = list(dependencies or []) + self.path_regex, self.path_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(path) + self.dependant = get_dependant(path=self.path_format, call=self.endpoint) + for depends in self.dependencies[::-1]: + self.dependant.dependencies.insert( + 0, + get_parameterless_sub_dependant(depends=depends, path=self.path_format), + ) + self.app = websocket_session( get_websocket_app( dependant=self.dependant, dependency_overrides_provider=dependency_overrides_provider, ) ) - self.path_regex, self.path_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(path) + + def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> Tuple[Match, Scope]: + match, child_scope = super().matches(scope) + if match != Match.NONE: + child_scope["route"] = self + return match, child_scope class APIRoute(routing.Route): @@ -303,9 +404,9 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route): path: str, endpoint: Callable[..., Any], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = Default(None), status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, + tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, summary: Optional[str] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, @@ -315,8 +416,8 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route): name: Optional[str] = None, methods: Optional[Union[Set[str], List[str]]] = None, operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, + response_model_include: Optional[IncEx] = None, + response_model_exclude: Optional[IncEx] = None, response_model_by_alias: bool = True, response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, @@ -328,70 +429,21 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route): dependency_overrides_provider: Optional[Any] = None, callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Union[ + Callable[["APIRoute"], str], DefaultPlaceholder + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), ) -> None: - # normalise enums e.g. http.HTTPStatus - if isinstance(status_code, enum.IntEnum): - status_code = int(status_code) self.path = path self.endpoint = endpoint - self.name = get_name(endpoint) if name is None else name - self.path_regex, self.path_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(path) - if methods is None: - methods = ["GET"] - self.methods: Set[str] = set([method.upper() for method in methods]) - self.unique_id = generate_operation_id_for_path( - name=self.name, path=self.path_format, method=list(methods)[0] - ) + if isinstance(response_model, DefaultPlaceholder): + return_annotation = get_typed_return_annotation(endpoint) + if lenient_issubclass(return_annotation, Response): + response_model = None + else: + response_model = return_annotation self.response_model = response_model - if self.response_model: - assert ( - status_code not in STATUS_CODES_WITH_NO_BODY - ), f"Status code {status_code} must not have a response body" - response_name = "Response_" + self.unique_id - self.response_field = create_response_field( - name=response_name, type_=self.response_model - ) - # Create a clone of the field, so that a Pydantic submodel is not returned - # as is just because it's an instance of a subclass of a more limited class - # e.g. UserInDB (containing hashed_password) could be a subclass of User - # that doesn't have the hashed_password. But because it's a subclass, it - # would pass the validation and be returned as is. - # By being a new field, no inheritance will be passed as is. A new model - # will be always created. - self.secure_cloned_response_field: Optional[ - ModelField - ] = create_cloned_field(self.response_field) - else: - self.response_field = None # type: ignore - self.secure_cloned_response_field = None - self.status_code = status_code - self.tags = tags or [] - if dependencies: - self.dependencies = list(dependencies) - else: - self.dependencies = [] self.summary = summary - self.description = description or inspect.cleandoc(self.endpoint.__doc__ or "") - # if a "form feed" character (page break) is found in the description text, - # truncate description text to the content preceding the first "form feed" - self.description = self.description.split("\f")[0] self.response_description = response_description - self.responses = responses or {} - response_fields = {} - for additional_status_code, response in self.responses.items(): - assert isinstance(response, dict), "An additional response must be a dict" - model = response.get("model") - if model: - assert ( - additional_status_code not in STATUS_CODES_WITH_NO_BODY - ), f"Status code {additional_status_code} must not have a response body" - response_name = f"Response_{additional_status_code}_{self.unique_id}" - response_field = create_response_field(name=response_name, type_=model) - response_fields[additional_status_code] = response_field - if response_fields: - self.response_fields: Dict[Union[int, str], ModelField] = response_fields - else: - self.response_fields = {} self.deprecated = deprecated self.operation_id = operation_id self.response_model_include = response_model_include @@ -402,6 +454,72 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route): self.response_model_exclude_none = response_model_exclude_none self.include_in_schema = include_in_schema self.response_class = response_class + self.dependency_overrides_provider = dependency_overrides_provider + self.callbacks = callbacks + self.openapi_extra = openapi_extra + self.generate_unique_id_function = generate_unique_id_function + self.tags = tags or [] + self.responses = responses or {} + self.name = get_name(endpoint) if name is None else name + self.path_regex, self.path_format, self.param_convertors = compile_path(path) + if methods is None: + methods = ["GET"] + self.methods: Set[str] = {method.upper() for method in methods} + if isinstance(generate_unique_id_function, DefaultPlaceholder): + current_generate_unique_id: Callable[ + ["APIRoute"], str + ] = generate_unique_id_function.value + else: + current_generate_unique_id = generate_unique_id_function + self.unique_id = self.operation_id or current_generate_unique_id(self) + # normalize enums e.g. http.HTTPStatus + if isinstance(status_code, IntEnum): + status_code = int(status_code) + self.status_code = status_code + if self.response_model: + assert is_body_allowed_for_status_code( + status_code + ), f"Status code {status_code} must not have a response body" + response_name = "Response_" + self.unique_id + self.response_field = create_response_field( + name=response_name, + type_=self.response_model, + mode="serialization", + ) + # Create a clone of the field, so that a Pydantic submodel is not returned + # as is just because it's an instance of a subclass of a more limited class + # e.g. UserInDB (containing hashed_password) could be a subclass of User + # that doesn't have the hashed_password. But because it's a subclass, it + # would pass the validation and be returned as is. + # By being a new field, no inheritance will be passed as is. A new model + # will always be created. + # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1 + self.secure_cloned_response_field: Optional[ + ModelField + ] = create_cloned_field(self.response_field) + else: + self.response_field = None # type: ignore + self.secure_cloned_response_field = None + self.dependencies = list(dependencies or []) + self.description = description or inspect.cleandoc(self.endpoint.__doc__ or "") + # if a "form feed" character (page break) is found in the description text, + # truncate description text to the content preceding the first "form feed" + self.description = self.description.split("\f")[0].strip() + response_fields = {} + for additional_status_code, response in self.responses.items(): + assert isinstance(response, dict), "An additional response must be a dict" + model = response.get("model") + if model: + assert is_body_allowed_for_status_code( + additional_status_code + ), f"Status code {additional_status_code} must not have a response body" + response_name = f"Response_{additional_status_code}_{self.unique_id}" + response_field = create_response_field(name=response_name, type_=model) + response_fields[additional_status_code] = response_field + if response_fields: + self.response_fields: Dict[Union[int, str], ModelField] = response_fields + else: + self.response_fields = {} assert callable(endpoint), "An endpoint must be a callable" self.dependant = get_dependant(path=self.path_format, call=self.endpoint) @@ -411,10 +529,7 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route): get_parameterless_sub_dependant(depends=depends, path=self.path_format), ) self.body_field = get_body_field(dependant=self.dependant, name=self.unique_id) - self.dependency_overrides_provider = dependency_overrides_provider - self.callbacks = callbacks self.app = request_response(self.get_route_handler()) - self.openapi_extra = openapi_extra def get_route_handler(self) -> Callable[[Request], Coroutine[Any, Any, Response]]: return get_request_handler( @@ -432,33 +547,262 @@ class APIRoute(routing.Route): dependency_overrides_provider=self.dependency_overrides_provider, ) + def matches(self, scope: Scope) -> Tuple[Match, Scope]: + match, child_scope = super().matches(scope) + if match != Match.NONE: + child_scope["route"] = self + return match, child_scope + class APIRouter(routing.Router): + """ + `APIRouter` class, used to group *path operations*, for example to structure + an app in multiple files. It would then be included in the `FastAPI` app, or + in another `APIRouter` (ultimately included in the app). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/). + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI + + app = FastAPI() + router = APIRouter() + + + @router.get("/users/", tags=["users"]) + async def read_users(): + return [{"username": "Rick"}, {"username": "Morty"}] + + + app.include_router(router) + ``` + """ + def __init__( self, *, - prefix: str = "", - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, - dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, - default_response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), - responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, - routes: Optional[List[routing.BaseRoute]] = None, - redirect_slashes: bool = True, - default: Optional[ASGIApp] = None, - dependency_overrides_provider: Optional[Any] = None, - route_class: Type[APIRoute] = APIRoute, - on_startup: Optional[Sequence[Callable[[], Any]]] = None, - on_shutdown: Optional[Sequence[Callable[[], Any]]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - include_in_schema: bool = True, + prefix: Annotated[str, Doc("An optional path prefix for the router.")] = "", + tags: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of tags to be applied to all the *path operations* in this + router. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to all the + *path operations* in this router. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies). + """ + ), + ] = None, + default_response_class: Annotated[ + Type[Response], + Doc( + """ + The default response class to be used. + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#default-response-class). + """ + ), + ] = Default(JSONResponse), + responses: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Additional responses to be shown in OpenAPI. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Additional Responses in OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/additional-responses/). + + And in the + [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies). + """ + ), + ] = None, + callbacks: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + OpenAPI callbacks that should apply to all *path operations* in this + router. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + routes: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + **Note**: you probably shouldn't use this parameter, it is inherited + from Starlette and supported for compatibility. + + --- + + A list of routes to serve incoming HTTP and WebSocket requests. + """ + ), + deprecated( + """ + You normally wouldn't use this parameter with FastAPI, it is inherited + from Starlette and supported for compatibility. + + In FastAPI, you normally would use the *path operation methods*, + like `router.get()`, `router.post()`, etc. + """ + ), + ] = None, + redirect_slashes: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Whether to detect and redirect slashes in URLs when the client doesn't + use the same format. + """ + ), + ] = True, + default: Annotated[ + Optional[ASGIApp], + Doc( + """ + Default function handler for this router. Used to handle + 404 Not Found errors. + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependency_overrides_provider: Annotated[ + Optional[Any], + Doc( + """ + Only used internally by FastAPI to handle dependency overrides. + + You shouldn't need to use it. It normally points to the `FastAPI` app + object. + """ + ), + ] = None, + route_class: Annotated[ + Type[APIRoute], + Doc( + """ + Custom route (*path operation*) class to be used by this router. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Request and APIRoute class](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-request-and-route/#custom-apiroute-class-in-a-router). + """ + ), + ] = APIRoute, + on_startup: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[Callable[[], Any]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of startup event handler functions. + + You should instead use the `lifespan` handlers. + + Read more in the [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + on_shutdown: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[Callable[[], Any]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of shutdown event handler functions. + + You should instead use the `lifespan` handlers. + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + # the generic to Lifespan[AppType] is the type of the top level application + # which the router cannot know statically, so we use typing.Any + lifespan: Annotated[ + Optional[Lifespan[Any]], + Doc( + """ + A `Lifespan` context manager handler. This replaces `startup` and + `shutdown` functions with a single context manager. + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for `lifespan`](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark all *path operations* in this router as deprecated. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + To include (or not) all the *path operations* in this router in the + generated OpenAPI. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-from-openapi). + """ + ), + ] = True, + generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[ + Callable[[APIRoute], str], + Doc( + """ + Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path + operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or + SDKs for your API. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), ) -> None: super().__init__( - routes=routes, # type: ignore # in Starlette + routes=routes, redirect_slashes=redirect_slashes, - default=default, # type: ignore # in Starlette - on_startup=on_startup, # type: ignore # in Starlette - on_shutdown=on_shutdown, # type: ignore # in Starlette + default=default, + on_startup=on_startup, + on_shutdown=on_shutdown, + lifespan=lifespan, ) if prefix: assert prefix.startswith("/"), "A path prefix must start with '/'" @@ -466,8 +810,8 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): "/" ), "A path prefix must not end with '/', as the routes will start with '/'" self.prefix = prefix - self.tags: List[str] = tags or [] - self.dependencies = list(dependencies or []) or [] + self.tags: List[Union[str, Enum]] = tags or [] + self.dependencies = list(dependencies or []) self.deprecated = deprecated self.include_in_schema = include_in_schema self.responses = responses or {} @@ -475,15 +819,35 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): self.dependency_overrides_provider = dependency_overrides_provider self.route_class = route_class self.default_response_class = default_response_class + self.generate_unique_id_function = generate_unique_id_function + + def route( + self, + path: str, + methods: Optional[List[str]] = None, + name: Optional[str] = None, + include_in_schema: bool = True, + ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable: + self.add_route( + path, + func, + methods=methods, + name=name, + include_in_schema=include_in_schema, + ) + return func + + return decorator def add_api_route( self, path: str, endpoint: Callable[..., Any], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = Default(None), status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, + tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, summary: Optional[str] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, @@ -492,8 +856,8 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, methods: Optional[Union[Set[str], List[str]]] = None, operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, + response_model_include: Optional[IncEx] = None, + response_model_exclude: Optional[IncEx] = None, response_model_by_alias: bool = True, response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, @@ -506,6 +870,9 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): route_class_override: Optional[Type[APIRoute]] = None, callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Union[ + Callable[[APIRoute], str], DefaultPlaceholder + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), ) -> None: route_class = route_class_override or self.route_class responses = responses or {} @@ -522,6 +889,9 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): current_callbacks = self.callbacks.copy() if callbacks: current_callbacks.extend(callbacks) + current_generate_unique_id = get_value_or_default( + generate_unique_id_function, self.generate_unique_id_function + ) route = route_class( self.prefix + path, endpoint=endpoint, @@ -548,6 +918,7 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): dependency_overrides_provider=self.dependency_overrides_provider, callbacks=current_callbacks, openapi_extra=openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=current_generate_unique_id, ) self.routes.append(route) @@ -555,9 +926,9 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): self, path: str, *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, + response_model: Any = Default(None), status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, + tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None, dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, summary: Optional[str] = None, description: Optional[str] = None, @@ -566,8 +937,8 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, methods: Optional[List[str]] = None, operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, + response_model_include: Optional[IncEx] = None, + response_model_exclude: Optional[IncEx] = None, response_model_by_alias: bool = True, response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, @@ -577,6 +948,9 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): name: Optional[str] = None, callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Callable[[APIRoute], str] = Default( + generate_unique_id + ), ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable: self.add_api_route( @@ -604,44 +978,244 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): name=name, callbacks=callbacks, openapi_extra=openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, ) return func return decorator def add_api_websocket_route( - self, path: str, endpoint: Callable[..., Any], name: Optional[str] = None + self, + path: str, + endpoint: Callable[..., Any], + name: Optional[str] = None, + *, + dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, ) -> None: + current_dependencies = self.dependencies.copy() + if dependencies: + current_dependencies.extend(dependencies) + route = APIWebSocketRoute( - path, + self.prefix + path, endpoint=endpoint, name=name, + dependencies=current_dependencies, dependency_overrides_provider=self.dependency_overrides_provider, ) self.routes.append(route) def websocket( - self, path: str, name: Optional[str] = None + self, + path: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + WebSocket path. + """ + ), + ], + name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A name for the WebSocket. Only used internally. + """ + ), + ] = None, + *, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be used for this + WebSocket. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for WebSockets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Decorate a WebSocket function. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for WebSockets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/). + + **Example** + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI, WebSocket + + app = FastAPI() + router = APIRouter() + + @router.websocket("/ws") + async def websocket_endpoint(websocket: WebSocket): + await websocket.accept() + while True: + data = await websocket.receive_text() + await websocket.send_text(f"Message text was: {data}") + + app.include_router(router) + ``` + """ + + def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable: + self.add_api_websocket_route( + path, func, name=name, dependencies=dependencies + ) + return func + + return decorator + + def websocket_route( + self, path: str, name: Union[str, None] = None ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable: - self.add_api_websocket_route(path, func, name=name) + self.add_websocket_route(path, func, name=name) return func return decorator def include_router( self, - router: "APIRouter", + router: Annotated["APIRouter", Doc("The `APIRouter` to include.")], *, - prefix: str = "", - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, - dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, - default_response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), - responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - include_in_schema: bool = True, + prefix: Annotated[str, Doc("An optional path prefix for the router.")] = "", + tags: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of tags to be applied to all the *path operations* in this + router. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to all the + *path operations* in this router. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications - Multiple Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies). + """ + ), + ] = None, + default_response_class: Annotated[ + Type[Response], + Doc( + """ + The default response class to be used. + + Read more in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#default-response-class). + """ + ), + ] = Default(JSONResponse), + responses: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Additional responses to be shown in OpenAPI. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Additional Responses in OpenAPI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/additional-responses/). + + And in the + [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-custom-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies). + """ + ), + ] = None, + callbacks: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + OpenAPI callbacks that should apply to all *path operations* in this + router. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark all *path operations* in this router as deprecated. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Include (or not) all the *path operations* in this router in the + generated OpenAPI schema. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = True, + generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[ + Callable[[APIRoute], str], + Doc( + """ + Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path + operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or + SDKs for your API. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), ) -> None: + """ + Include another `APIRouter` in the same current `APIRouter`. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Bigger Applications](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/). + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI + + app = FastAPI() + internal_router = APIRouter() + users_router = APIRouter() + + @users_router.get("/users/") + def read_users(): + return [{"name": "Rick"}, {"name": "Morty"}] + + internal_router.include_router(users_router) + app.include_router(internal_router) + ``` + """ if prefix: assert prefix.startswith("/"), "A path prefix must start with '/'" assert not prefix.endswith( @@ -649,10 +1223,10 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): ), "A path prefix must not end with '/', as the routes will start with '/'" else: for r in router.routes: - path = getattr(r, "path") + path = getattr(r, "path") # noqa: B009 name = getattr(r, "name", "unknown") if path is not None and not path: - raise Exception( + raise FastAPIError( f"Prefix and path cannot be both empty (path operation: {name})" ) if responses is None: @@ -681,6 +1255,12 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): current_callbacks.extend(callbacks) if route.callbacks: current_callbacks.extend(route.callbacks) + current_generate_unique_id = get_value_or_default( + route.generate_unique_id_function, + router.generate_unique_id_function, + generate_unique_id_function, + self.generate_unique_id_function, + ) self.add_api_route( prefix + route.path, route.endpoint, @@ -709,9 +1289,10 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): route_class_override=type(route), callbacks=current_callbacks, openapi_extra=route.openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=current_generate_unique_id, ) elif isinstance(route, routing.Route): - methods = list(route.methods or []) # type: ignore # in Starlette + methods = list(route.methods or []) self.add_route( prefix + route.path, route.endpoint, @@ -720,8 +1301,16 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): name=route.name, ) elif isinstance(route, APIWebSocketRoute): + current_dependencies = [] + if dependencies: + current_dependencies.extend(dependencies) + if route.dependencies: + current_dependencies.extend(route.dependencies) self.add_api_websocket_route( - prefix + route.path, route.endpoint, name=route.name + prefix + route.path, + route.endpoint, + dependencies=current_dependencies, + name=route.name, ) elif isinstance(route, routing.WebSocketRoute): self.add_websocket_route( @@ -734,30 +1323,354 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): def get( self, - path: str, + path: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL path to be used for this *path operation*. + + For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`. + """ + ), + ], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, - status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, - dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, - summary: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - response_description: str = "Successful Response", - responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_by_alias: bool = True, - response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_none: bool = False, - include_in_schema: bool = True, - response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), - name: Optional[str] = None, - callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, - openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + response_model: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + The type to use for the response. + + It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to + be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`, + etc. + + It will be used for: + + * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will + show it as the response (JSON Schema). + * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the + `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the + corresponding JSON. + * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data + (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object + that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does + not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have + that `password`. + * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the + `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the + corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not + valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client, + so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an + error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/). + """ + ), + ] = Default(None), + status_code: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + The default status code to be used for the response. + + You could override the status code by returning a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + tags: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags). + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the + *path operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + summary: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A summary for the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A description for the *path operation*. + + If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring + of the *path operation function*. + + It can contain Markdown. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_description: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The description for the default response. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = "Successful Response", + responses: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this *path operation* as deprecated. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + operation_id: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*. + + By default, it is generated automatically. + + If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is + unique for the whole API. + + You can customize the + operation ID generation with the parameter + `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_include: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_exclude: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_by_alias: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model + should be serialized by alias when an alias is used. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and + have their default values. This is different from + `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set, + they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same + as the default. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value + as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset` + in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values, + they will be excluded from the response. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should + exclude fields set to `None`. + + This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset` + and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of + those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values + when it makes sense. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none). + """ + ), + ] = False, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-from-openapi). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_class: Annotated[ + Type[Response], + Doc( + """ + Response class to be used for this *path operation*. + + This will not be used if you return a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse). + """ + ), + ] = Default(JSONResponse), + name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally. + """ + ), + ] = None, + callbacks: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks. + + This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used + directly. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + openapi_extra: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Any]], + Doc( + """ + Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path + operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema). + """ + ), + ] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[ + Callable[[APIRoute], str], + Doc( + """ + Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path + operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or + SDKs for your API. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Add a *path operation* using an HTTP GET operation. + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI + + app = FastAPI() + router = APIRouter() + + @router.get("/items/") + def read_items(): + return [{"name": "Empanada"}, {"name": "Arepa"}] + + app.include_router(router) + ``` + """ return self.api_route( path=path, response_model=response_model, @@ -782,34 +1695,364 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): name=name, callbacks=callbacks, openapi_extra=openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, ) def put( self, - path: str, + path: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL path to be used for this *path operation*. + + For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`. + """ + ), + ], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, - status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, - dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, - summary: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - response_description: str = "Successful Response", - responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_by_alias: bool = True, - response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_none: bool = False, - include_in_schema: bool = True, - response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), - name: Optional[str] = None, - callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, - openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + response_model: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + The type to use for the response. + + It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to + be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`, + etc. + + It will be used for: + + * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will + show it as the response (JSON Schema). + * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the + `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the + corresponding JSON. + * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data + (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object + that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does + not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have + that `password`. + * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the + `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the + corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not + valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client, + so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an + error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/). + """ + ), + ] = Default(None), + status_code: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + The default status code to be used for the response. + + You could override the status code by returning a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + tags: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags). + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the + *path operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + summary: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A summary for the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A description for the *path operation*. + + If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring + of the *path operation function*. + + It can contain Markdown. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_description: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The description for the default response. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = "Successful Response", + responses: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this *path operation* as deprecated. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + operation_id: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*. + + By default, it is generated automatically. + + If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is + unique for the whole API. + + You can customize the + operation ID generation with the parameter + `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_include: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_exclude: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_by_alias: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model + should be serialized by alias when an alias is used. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and + have their default values. This is different from + `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set, + they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same + as the default. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value + as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset` + in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values, + they will be excluded from the response. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should + exclude fields set to `None`. + + This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset` + and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of + those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values + when it makes sense. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none). + """ + ), + ] = False, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-from-openapi). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_class: Annotated[ + Type[Response], + Doc( + """ + Response class to be used for this *path operation*. + + This will not be used if you return a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse). + """ + ), + ] = Default(JSONResponse), + name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally. + """ + ), + ] = None, + callbacks: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks. + + This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used + directly. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + openapi_extra: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Any]], + Doc( + """ + Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path + operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema). + """ + ), + ] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[ + Callable[[APIRoute], str], + Doc( + """ + Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path + operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or + SDKs for your API. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Add a *path operation* using an HTTP PUT operation. + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI + from pydantic import BaseModel + + class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + + app = FastAPI() + router = APIRouter() + + @router.put("/items/{item_id}") + def replace_item(item_id: str, item: Item): + return {"message": "Item replaced", "id": item_id} + + app.include_router(router) + ``` + """ return self.api_route( path=path, response_model=response_model, @@ -834,34 +2077,364 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): name=name, callbacks=callbacks, openapi_extra=openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, ) def post( self, - path: str, + path: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL path to be used for this *path operation*. + + For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`. + """ + ), + ], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, - status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, - dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, - summary: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - response_description: str = "Successful Response", - responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_by_alias: bool = True, - response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_none: bool = False, - include_in_schema: bool = True, - response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), - name: Optional[str] = None, - callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, - openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + response_model: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + The type to use for the response. + + It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to + be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`, + etc. + + It will be used for: + + * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will + show it as the response (JSON Schema). + * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the + `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the + corresponding JSON. + * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data + (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object + that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does + not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have + that `password`. + * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the + `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the + corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not + valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client, + so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an + error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/). + """ + ), + ] = Default(None), + status_code: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + The default status code to be used for the response. + + You could override the status code by returning a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + tags: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags). + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the + *path operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + summary: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A summary for the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A description for the *path operation*. + + If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring + of the *path operation function*. + + It can contain Markdown. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_description: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The description for the default response. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = "Successful Response", + responses: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this *path operation* as deprecated. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + operation_id: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*. + + By default, it is generated automatically. + + If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is + unique for the whole API. + + You can customize the + operation ID generation with the parameter + `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_include: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_exclude: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_by_alias: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model + should be serialized by alias when an alias is used. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and + have their default values. This is different from + `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set, + they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same + as the default. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value + as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset` + in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values, + they will be excluded from the response. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should + exclude fields set to `None`. + + This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset` + and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of + those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values + when it makes sense. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none). + """ + ), + ] = False, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-from-openapi). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_class: Annotated[ + Type[Response], + Doc( + """ + Response class to be used for this *path operation*. + + This will not be used if you return a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse). + """ + ), + ] = Default(JSONResponse), + name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally. + """ + ), + ] = None, + callbacks: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks. + + This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used + directly. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + openapi_extra: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Any]], + Doc( + """ + Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path + operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema). + """ + ), + ] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[ + Callable[[APIRoute], str], + Doc( + """ + Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path + operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or + SDKs for your API. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Add a *path operation* using an HTTP POST operation. + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI + from pydantic import BaseModel + + class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + + app = FastAPI() + router = APIRouter() + + @router.post("/items/") + def create_item(item: Item): + return {"message": "Item created"} + + app.include_router(router) + ``` + """ return self.api_route( path=path, response_model=response_model, @@ -886,34 +2459,359 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): name=name, callbacks=callbacks, openapi_extra=openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, ) def delete( self, - path: str, + path: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL path to be used for this *path operation*. + + For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`. + """ + ), + ], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, - status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, - dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, - summary: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - response_description: str = "Successful Response", - responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_by_alias: bool = True, - response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_none: bool = False, - include_in_schema: bool = True, - response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), - name: Optional[str] = None, - callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, - openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + response_model: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + The type to use for the response. + + It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to + be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`, + etc. + + It will be used for: + + * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will + show it as the response (JSON Schema). + * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the + `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the + corresponding JSON. + * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data + (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object + that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does + not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have + that `password`. + * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the + `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the + corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not + valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client, + so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an + error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/). + """ + ), + ] = Default(None), + status_code: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + The default status code to be used for the response. + + You could override the status code by returning a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + tags: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags). + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the + *path operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + summary: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A summary for the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A description for the *path operation*. + + If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring + of the *path operation function*. + + It can contain Markdown. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_description: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The description for the default response. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = "Successful Response", + responses: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this *path operation* as deprecated. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + operation_id: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*. + + By default, it is generated automatically. + + If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is + unique for the whole API. + + You can customize the + operation ID generation with the parameter + `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_include: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_exclude: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_by_alias: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model + should be serialized by alias when an alias is used. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and + have their default values. This is different from + `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set, + they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same + as the default. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value + as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset` + in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values, + they will be excluded from the response. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should + exclude fields set to `None`. + + This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset` + and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of + those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values + when it makes sense. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none). + """ + ), + ] = False, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-from-openapi). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_class: Annotated[ + Type[Response], + Doc( + """ + Response class to be used for this *path operation*. + + This will not be used if you return a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse). + """ + ), + ] = Default(JSONResponse), + name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally. + """ + ), + ] = None, + callbacks: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks. + + This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used + directly. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + openapi_extra: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Any]], + Doc( + """ + Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path + operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema). + """ + ), + ] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[ + Callable[[APIRoute], str], + Doc( + """ + Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path + operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or + SDKs for your API. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Add a *path operation* using an HTTP DELETE operation. + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI + + app = FastAPI() + router = APIRouter() + + @router.delete("/items/{item_id}") + def delete_item(item_id: str): + return {"message": "Item deleted"} + + app.include_router(router) + ``` + """ return self.api_route( path=path, response_model=response_model, @@ -938,34 +2836,359 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): name=name, callbacks=callbacks, openapi_extra=openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, ) def options( self, - path: str, + path: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL path to be used for this *path operation*. + + For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`. + """ + ), + ], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, - status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, - dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, - summary: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - response_description: str = "Successful Response", - responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_by_alias: bool = True, - response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_none: bool = False, - include_in_schema: bool = True, - response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), - name: Optional[str] = None, - callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, - openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + response_model: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + The type to use for the response. + + It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to + be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`, + etc. + + It will be used for: + + * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will + show it as the response (JSON Schema). + * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the + `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the + corresponding JSON. + * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data + (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object + that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does + not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have + that `password`. + * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the + `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the + corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not + valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client, + so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an + error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/). + """ + ), + ] = Default(None), + status_code: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + The default status code to be used for the response. + + You could override the status code by returning a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + tags: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags). + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the + *path operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + summary: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A summary for the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A description for the *path operation*. + + If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring + of the *path operation function*. + + It can contain Markdown. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_description: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The description for the default response. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = "Successful Response", + responses: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this *path operation* as deprecated. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + operation_id: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*. + + By default, it is generated automatically. + + If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is + unique for the whole API. + + You can customize the + operation ID generation with the parameter + `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_include: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_exclude: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_by_alias: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model + should be serialized by alias when an alias is used. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and + have their default values. This is different from + `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set, + they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same + as the default. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value + as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset` + in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values, + they will be excluded from the response. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should + exclude fields set to `None`. + + This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset` + and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of + those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values + when it makes sense. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none). + """ + ), + ] = False, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-from-openapi). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_class: Annotated[ + Type[Response], + Doc( + """ + Response class to be used for this *path operation*. + + This will not be used if you return a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse). + """ + ), + ] = Default(JSONResponse), + name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally. + """ + ), + ] = None, + callbacks: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks. + + This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used + directly. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + openapi_extra: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Any]], + Doc( + """ + Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path + operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema). + """ + ), + ] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[ + Callable[[APIRoute], str], + Doc( + """ + Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path + operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or + SDKs for your API. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Add a *path operation* using an HTTP OPTIONS operation. + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI + + app = FastAPI() + router = APIRouter() + + @router.options("/items/") + def get_item_options(): + return {"additions": ["Aji", "Guacamole"]} + + app.include_router(router) + ``` + """ return self.api_route( path=path, response_model=response_model, @@ -990,34 +3213,364 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): name=name, callbacks=callbacks, openapi_extra=openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, ) def head( self, - path: str, + path: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL path to be used for this *path operation*. + + For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`. + """ + ), + ], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, - status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, - dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, - summary: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - response_description: str = "Successful Response", - responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_by_alias: bool = True, - response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_none: bool = False, - include_in_schema: bool = True, - response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), - name: Optional[str] = None, - callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, - openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + response_model: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + The type to use for the response. + + It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to + be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`, + etc. + + It will be used for: + + * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will + show it as the response (JSON Schema). + * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the + `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the + corresponding JSON. + * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data + (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object + that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does + not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have + that `password`. + * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the + `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the + corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not + valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client, + so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an + error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/). + """ + ), + ] = Default(None), + status_code: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + The default status code to be used for the response. + + You could override the status code by returning a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + tags: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags). + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the + *path operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + summary: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A summary for the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A description for the *path operation*. + + If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring + of the *path operation function*. + + It can contain Markdown. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_description: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The description for the default response. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = "Successful Response", + responses: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this *path operation* as deprecated. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + operation_id: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*. + + By default, it is generated automatically. + + If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is + unique for the whole API. + + You can customize the + operation ID generation with the parameter + `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_include: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_exclude: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_by_alias: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model + should be serialized by alias when an alias is used. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and + have their default values. This is different from + `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set, + they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same + as the default. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value + as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset` + in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values, + they will be excluded from the response. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should + exclude fields set to `None`. + + This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset` + and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of + those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values + when it makes sense. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none). + """ + ), + ] = False, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-from-openapi). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_class: Annotated[ + Type[Response], + Doc( + """ + Response class to be used for this *path operation*. + + This will not be used if you return a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse). + """ + ), + ] = Default(JSONResponse), + name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally. + """ + ), + ] = None, + callbacks: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks. + + This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used + directly. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + openapi_extra: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Any]], + Doc( + """ + Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path + operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema). + """ + ), + ] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[ + Callable[[APIRoute], str], + Doc( + """ + Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path + operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or + SDKs for your API. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Add a *path operation* using an HTTP HEAD operation. + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI + from pydantic import BaseModel + + class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + + app = FastAPI() + router = APIRouter() + + @router.head("/items/", status_code=204) + def get_items_headers(response: Response): + response.headers["X-Cat-Dog"] = "Alone in the world" + + app.include_router(router) + ``` + """ return self.api_route( path=path, response_model=response_model, @@ -1042,34 +3595,364 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): name=name, callbacks=callbacks, openapi_extra=openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, ) def patch( self, - path: str, + path: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL path to be used for this *path operation*. + + For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`. + """ + ), + ], *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, - status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, - dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, - summary: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - response_description: str = "Successful Response", - responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_by_alias: bool = True, - response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_none: bool = False, - include_in_schema: bool = True, - response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), - name: Optional[str] = None, - callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, - openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, + response_model: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + The type to use for the response. + + It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to + be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`, + etc. + + It will be used for: + + * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will + show it as the response (JSON Schema). + * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the + `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the + corresponding JSON. + * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data + (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object + that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does + not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have + that `password`. + * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the + `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the + corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not + valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client, + so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an + error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/). + """ + ), + ] = Default(None), + status_code: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + The default status code to be used for the response. + + You could override the status code by returning a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + tags: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags). + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the + *path operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + summary: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A summary for the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A description for the *path operation*. + + If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring + of the *path operation function*. + + It can contain Markdown. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_description: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The description for the default response. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = "Successful Response", + responses: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this *path operation* as deprecated. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + operation_id: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*. + + By default, it is generated automatically. + + If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is + unique for the whole API. + + You can customize the + operation ID generation with the parameter + `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_include: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_exclude: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_by_alias: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model + should be serialized by alias when an alias is used. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and + have their default values. This is different from + `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set, + they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same + as the default. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value + as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset` + in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values, + they will be excluded from the response. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should + exclude fields set to `None`. + + This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset` + and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of + those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values + when it makes sense. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none). + """ + ), + ] = False, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-from-openapi). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_class: Annotated[ + Type[Response], + Doc( + """ + Response class to be used for this *path operation*. + + This will not be used if you return a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse). + """ + ), + ] = Default(JSONResponse), + name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally. + """ + ), + ] = None, + callbacks: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks. + + This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used + directly. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + openapi_extra: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Any]], + Doc( + """ + Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path + operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema). + """ + ), + ] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[ + Callable[[APIRoute], str], + Doc( + """ + Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path + operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or + SDKs for your API. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Add a *path operation* using an HTTP PATCH operation. + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI + from pydantic import BaseModel + + class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + + app = FastAPI() + router = APIRouter() + + @router.patch("/items/") + def update_item(item: Item): + return {"message": "Item updated in place"} + + app.include_router(router) + ``` + """ return self.api_route( path=path, response_model=response_model, @@ -1094,35 +3977,364 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): name=name, callbacks=callbacks, openapi_extra=openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, ) def trace( self, - path: str, - *, - response_model: Optional[Type[Any]] = None, - status_code: Optional[int] = None, - tags: Optional[List[str]] = None, - dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None, - summary: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - response_description: str = "Successful Response", - responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None, - deprecated: Optional[bool] = None, - operation_id: Optional[str] = None, - response_model_include: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_exclude: Optional[Union[SetIntStr, DictIntStrAny]] = None, - response_model_by_alias: bool = True, - response_model_exclude_unset: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_defaults: bool = False, - response_model_exclude_none: bool = False, - include_in_schema: bool = True, - response_class: Type[Response] = Default(JSONResponse), - name: Optional[str] = None, - callbacks: Optional[List[BaseRoute]] = None, - openapi_extra: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, - ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + path: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL path to be used for this *path operation*. + For example, in `http://example.com/items`, the path is `/items`. + """ + ), + ], + *, + response_model: Annotated[ + Any, + Doc( + """ + The type to use for the response. + + It could be any valid Pydantic *field* type. So, it doesn't have to + be a Pydantic model, it could be other things, like a `list`, `dict`, + etc. + + It will be used for: + + * Documentation: the generated OpenAPI (and the UI at `/docs`) will + show it as the response (JSON Schema). + * Serialization: you could return an arbitrary object and the + `response_model` would be used to serialize that object into the + corresponding JSON. + * Filtering: the JSON sent to the client will only contain the data + (fields) defined in the `response_model`. If you returned an object + that contains an attribute `password` but the `response_model` does + not include that field, the JSON sent to the client would not have + that `password`. + * Validation: whatever you return will be serialized with the + `response_model`, converting any data as necessary to generate the + corresponding JSON. But if the data in the object returned is not + valid, that would mean a violation of the contract with the client, + so it's an error from the API developer. So, FastAPI will raise an + error and return a 500 error code (Internal Server Error). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/). + """ + ), + ] = Default(None), + status_code: Annotated[ + Optional[int], + Doc( + """ + The default status code to be used for the response. + + You could override the status code by returning a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + tags: Annotated[ + Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]], + Doc( + """ + A list of tags to be applied to the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/#tags). + """ + ), + ] = None, + dependencies: Annotated[ + Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]], + Doc( + """ + A list of dependencies (using `Depends()`) to be applied to the + *path operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Dependencies in path operation decorators](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + summary: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A summary for the *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + A description for the *path operation*. + + If not provided, it will be extracted automatically from the docstring + of the *path operation function*. + + It can contain Markdown. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/path-operation-configuration/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_description: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The description for the default response. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = "Successful Response", + responses: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + Additional responses that could be returned by this *path operation*. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + deprecated: Annotated[ + Optional[bool], + Doc( + """ + Mark this *path operation* as deprecated. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + operation_id: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Custom operation ID to be used by this *path operation*. + + By default, it is generated automatically. + + If you provide a custom operation ID, you need to make sure it is + unique for the whole API. + + You can customize the + operation ID generation with the parameter + `generate_unique_id_function` in the `FastAPI` class. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_include: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to include only certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_exclude: Annotated[ + Optional[IncEx], + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to exclude certain fields in the + response data. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = None, + response_model_by_alias: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response model + should be serialized by alias when an alias is used. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_model_exclude_unset: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that were not set and + have their default values. This is different from + `response_model_exclude_defaults` in that if the fields are set, + they will be included in the response, even if the value is the same + as the default. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_defaults: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data + should have all the fields, including the ones that have the same value + as the default. This is different from `response_model_exclude_unset` + in that if the fields are set but contain the same default values, + they will be excluded from the response. + + When `True`, default values are omitted from the response. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#use-the-response_model_exclude_unset-parameter). + """ + ), + ] = False, + response_model_exclude_none: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should + exclude fields set to `None`. + + This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset` + and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of + those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values + when it makes sense. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none). + """ + ), + ] = False, + include_in_schema: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + Include this *path operation* in the generated OpenAPI schema. + + This affects the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Query Parameters and String Validations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params-str-validations/#exclude-from-openapi). + """ + ), + ] = True, + response_class: Annotated[ + Type[Response], + Doc( + """ + Response class to be used for this *path operation*. + + This will not be used if you return a response directly. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#redirectresponse). + """ + ), + ] = Default(JSONResponse), + name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Name for this *path operation*. Only used internally. + """ + ), + ] = None, + callbacks: Annotated[ + Optional[List[BaseRoute]], + Doc( + """ + List of *path operations* that will be used as OpenAPI callbacks. + + This is only for OpenAPI documentation, the callbacks won't be used + directly. + + It will be added to the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OpenAPI Callbacks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/openapi-callbacks/). + """ + ), + ] = None, + openapi_extra: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, Any]], + Doc( + """ + Extra metadata to be included in the OpenAPI schema for this *path + operation*. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Path Operation Advanced Configuration](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration/#custom-openapi-path-operation-schema). + """ + ), + ] = None, + generate_unique_id_function: Annotated[ + Callable[[APIRoute], str], + Doc( + """ + Customize the function used to generate unique IDs for the *path + operations* shown in the generated OpenAPI. + + This is particularly useful when automatically generating clients or + SDKs for your API. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs about how to Generate Clients](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/generate-clients/#custom-generate-unique-id-function). + """ + ), + ] = Default(generate_unique_id), + ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Add a *path operation* using an HTTP TRACE operation. + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI + from pydantic import BaseModel + + class Item(BaseModel): + name: str + description: str | None = None + + app = FastAPI() + router = APIRouter() + + @router.trace("/items/{item_id}") + def trace_item(item_id: str): + return None + + app.include_router(router) + ``` + """ return self.api_route( path=path, response_model=response_model, @@ -1147,4 +4359,39 @@ class APIRouter(routing.Router): name=name, callbacks=callbacks, openapi_extra=openapi_extra, + generate_unique_id_function=generate_unique_id_function, ) + + @deprecated( + """ + on_event is deprecated, use lifespan event handlers instead. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Lifespan Events](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/). + """ + ) + def on_event( + self, + event_type: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The type of event. `startup` or `shutdown`. + """ + ), + ], + ) -> Callable[[DecoratedCallable], DecoratedCallable]: + """ + Add an event handler for the router. + + `on_event` is deprecated, use `lifespan` event handlers instead. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Lifespan Events](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/events/#alternative-events-deprecated). + """ + + def decorator(func: DecoratedCallable) -> DecoratedCallable: + self.add_event_handler(event_type, func) + return func + + return decorator diff --git a/fastapi/security/api_key.py b/fastapi/security/api_key.py index 36ab60e30..b1a6b4f94 100644 --- a/fastapi/security/api_key.py +++ b/fastapi/security/api_key.py @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException from starlette.requests import Request from starlette.status import HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN +from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc # type: ignore [attr-defined] class APIKeyBase(SecurityBase): @@ -12,22 +13,94 @@ class APIKeyBase(SecurityBase): class APIKeyQuery(APIKeyBase): + """ + API key authentication using a query parameter. + + This defines the name of the query parameter that should be provided in the request + with the API key and integrates that into the OpenAPI documentation. It extracts + the key value sent in the query parameter automatically and provides it as the + dependency result. But it doesn't define how to send that API key to the client. + + ## Usage + + Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`. + + The dependency result will be a string containing the key value. + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + from fastapi.security import APIKeyQuery + + app = FastAPI() + + query_scheme = APIKeyQuery(name="api_key") + + + @app.get("/items/") + async def read_items(api_key: str = Depends(query_scheme)): + return {"api_key": api_key} + ``` + """ + def __init__( self, *, - name: str, - scheme_name: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - auto_error: bool = True + name: Annotated[ + str, + Doc("Query parameter name."), + ], + scheme_name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Security scheme name. + + It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Security scheme description. + + It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + auto_error: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + By default, if the query parameter is not provided, `APIKeyQuery` will + automatically cancel the request and sebd the client an error. + + If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the query parameter is not + available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be + `None`. + + This is useful when you want to have optional authentication. + + It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be + provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in a query + parameter or in an HTTP Bearer token). + """ + ), + ] = True, ): self.model: APIKey = APIKey( - **{"in": APIKeyIn.query}, name=name, description=description + **{"in": APIKeyIn.query}, # type: ignore[arg-type] + name=name, + description=description, ) self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__ self.auto_error = auto_error async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> Optional[str]: - api_key: str = request.query_params.get(self.model.name) + api_key = request.query_params.get(self.model.name) if not api_key: if self.auto_error: raise HTTPException( @@ -39,22 +112,90 @@ class APIKeyQuery(APIKeyBase): class APIKeyHeader(APIKeyBase): + """ + API key authentication using a header. + + This defines the name of the header that should be provided in the request with + the API key and integrates that into the OpenAPI documentation. It extracts + the key value sent in the header automatically and provides it as the dependency + result. But it doesn't define how to send that key to the client. + + ## Usage + + Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`. + + The dependency result will be a string containing the key value. + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + from fastapi.security import APIKeyHeader + + app = FastAPI() + + header_scheme = APIKeyHeader(name="x-key") + + + @app.get("/items/") + async def read_items(key: str = Depends(header_scheme)): + return {"key": key} + ``` + """ + def __init__( self, *, - name: str, - scheme_name: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - auto_error: bool = True + name: Annotated[str, Doc("Header name.")], + scheme_name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Security scheme name. + + It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Security scheme description. + + It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + auto_error: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + By default, if the header is not provided, `APIKeyHeader` will + automatically cancel the request and send the client an error. + + If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the header is not available, + instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be `None`. + + This is useful when you want to have optional authentication. + + It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be + provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in a header or + in an HTTP Bearer token). + """ + ), + ] = True, ): self.model: APIKey = APIKey( - **{"in": APIKeyIn.header}, name=name, description=description + **{"in": APIKeyIn.header}, # type: ignore[arg-type] + name=name, + description=description, ) self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__ self.auto_error = auto_error async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> Optional[str]: - api_key: str = request.headers.get(self.model.name) + api_key = request.headers.get(self.model.name) if not api_key: if self.auto_error: raise HTTPException( @@ -66,16 +207,84 @@ class APIKeyHeader(APIKeyBase): class APIKeyCookie(APIKeyBase): + """ + API key authentication using a cookie. + + This defines the name of the cookie that should be provided in the request with + the API key and integrates that into the OpenAPI documentation. It extracts + the key value sent in the cookie automatically and provides it as the dependency + result. But it doesn't define how to set that cookie. + + ## Usage + + Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`. + + The dependency result will be a string containing the key value. + + ## Example + + ```python + from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + from fastapi.security import APIKeyCookie + + app = FastAPI() + + cookie_scheme = APIKeyCookie(name="session") + + + @app.get("/items/") + async def read_items(session: str = Depends(cookie_scheme)): + return {"session": session} + ``` + """ + def __init__( self, *, - name: str, - scheme_name: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - auto_error: bool = True + name: Annotated[str, Doc("Cookie name.")], + scheme_name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Security scheme name. + + It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Security scheme description. + + It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + auto_error: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + By default, if the cookie is not provided, `APIKeyCookie` will + automatically cancel the request and send the client an error. + + If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the cookie is not available, + instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be `None`. + + This is useful when you want to have optional authentication. + + It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be + provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in a cookie or + in an HTTP Bearer token). + """ + ), + ] = True, ): self.model: APIKey = APIKey( - **{"in": APIKeyIn.cookie}, name=name, description=description + **{"in": APIKeyIn.cookie}, # type: ignore[arg-type] + name=name, + description=description, ) self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__ self.auto_error = auto_error diff --git a/fastapi/security/http.py b/fastapi/security/http.py index 1b473c69e..738455de3 100644 --- a/fastapi/security/http.py +++ b/fastapi/security/http.py @@ -10,16 +10,60 @@ from fastapi.security.utils import get_authorization_scheme_param from pydantic import BaseModel from starlette.requests import Request from starlette.status import HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN +from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc # type: ignore [attr-defined] class HTTPBasicCredentials(BaseModel): - username: str - password: str + """ + The HTTP Basic credendials given as the result of using `HTTPBasic` in a + dependency. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for HTTP Basic Auth](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/security/http-basic-auth/). + """ + + username: Annotated[str, Doc("The HTTP Basic username.")] + password: Annotated[str, Doc("The HTTP Basic password.")] class HTTPAuthorizationCredentials(BaseModel): - scheme: str - credentials: str + """ + The HTTP authorization credentials in the result of using `HTTPBearer` or + `HTTPDigest` in a dependency. + + The HTTP authorization header value is split by the first space. + + The first part is the `scheme`, the second part is the `credentials`. + + For example, in an HTTP Bearer token scheme, the client will send a header + like: + + ``` + Authorization: Bearer deadbeef12346 + ``` + + In this case: + + * `scheme` will have the value `"Bearer"` + * `credentials` will have the value `"deadbeef12346"` + """ + + scheme: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The HTTP authorization scheme extracted from the header value. + """ + ), + ] + credentials: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The HTTP authorization credentials extracted from the header value. + """ + ), + ] class HTTPBase(SecurityBase): @@ -38,7 +82,7 @@ class HTTPBase(SecurityBase): async def __call__( self, request: Request ) -> Optional[HTTPAuthorizationCredentials]: - authorization: str = request.headers.get("Authorization") + authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization") scheme, credentials = get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization) if not (authorization and scheme and credentials): if self.auto_error: @@ -51,13 +95,89 @@ class HTTPBase(SecurityBase): class HTTPBasic(HTTPBase): + """ + HTTP Basic authentication. + + ## Usage + + Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`. + + The dependency result will be an `HTTPBasicCredentials` object containing the + `username` and the `password`. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for HTTP Basic Auth](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/security/http-basic-auth/). + + ## Example + + ```python + from typing import Annotated + + from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + from fastapi.security import HTTPBasic, HTTPBasicCredentials + + app = FastAPI() + + security = HTTPBasic() + + + @app.get("/users/me") + def read_current_user(credentials: Annotated[HTTPBasicCredentials, Depends(security)]): + return {"username": credentials.username, "password": credentials.password} + ``` + """ + def __init__( self, *, - scheme_name: Optional[str] = None, - realm: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - auto_error: bool = True, + scheme_name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Security scheme name. + + It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + realm: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + HTTP Basic authentication realm. + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Security scheme description. + + It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + auto_error: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + By default, if the HTTP Basic authentication is not provided (a + header), `HTTPBasic` will automatically cancel the request and send the + client an error. + + If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Basic authentication + is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will + be `None`. + + This is useful when you want to have optional authentication. + + It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be + provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in HTTP Basic + authentication or in an HTTP Bearer token). + """ + ), + ] = True, ): self.model = HTTPBaseModel(scheme="basic", description=description) self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__ @@ -67,17 +187,12 @@ class HTTPBasic(HTTPBase): async def __call__( # type: ignore self, request: Request ) -> Optional[HTTPBasicCredentials]: - authorization: str = request.headers.get("Authorization") + authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization") scheme, param = get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization) if self.realm: unauthorized_headers = {"WWW-Authenticate": f'Basic realm="{self.realm}"'} else: unauthorized_headers = {"WWW-Authenticate": "Basic"} - invalid_user_credentials_exc = HTTPException( - status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, - detail="Invalid authentication credentials", - headers=unauthorized_headers, - ) if not authorization or scheme.lower() != "basic": if self.auto_error: raise HTTPException( @@ -87,10 +202,15 @@ class HTTPBasic(HTTPBase): ) else: return None + invalid_user_credentials_exc = HTTPException( + status_code=HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, + detail="Invalid authentication credentials", + headers=unauthorized_headers, + ) try: data = b64decode(param).decode("ascii") except (ValueError, UnicodeDecodeError, binascii.Error): - raise invalid_user_credentials_exc + raise invalid_user_credentials_exc # noqa: B904 username, separator, password = data.partition(":") if not separator: raise invalid_user_credentials_exc @@ -98,13 +218,81 @@ class HTTPBasic(HTTPBase): class HTTPBearer(HTTPBase): + """ + HTTP Bearer token authentication. + + ## Usage + + Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`. + + The dependency result will be an `HTTPAuthorizationCredentials` object containing + the `scheme` and the `credentials`. + + ## Example + + ```python + from typing import Annotated + + from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + from fastapi.security import HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, HTTPBearer + + app = FastAPI() + + security = HTTPBearer() + + + @app.get("/users/me") + def read_current_user( + credentials: Annotated[HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, Depends(security)] + ): + return {"scheme": credentials.scheme, "credentials": credentials.credentials} + ``` + """ + def __init__( self, *, - bearerFormat: Optional[str] = None, - scheme_name: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - auto_error: bool = True, + bearerFormat: Annotated[Optional[str], Doc("Bearer token format.")] = None, + scheme_name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Security scheme name. + + It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Security scheme description. + + It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + auto_error: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + By default, if the HTTP Bearer token not provided (in an + `Authorization` header), `HTTPBearer` will automatically cancel the + request and send the client an error. + + If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Bearer token + is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will + be `None`. + + This is useful when you want to have optional authentication. + + It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be + provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in an HTTP + Bearer token or in a cookie). + """ + ), + ] = True, ): self.model = HTTPBearerModel(bearerFormat=bearerFormat, description=description) self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__ @@ -113,7 +301,7 @@ class HTTPBearer(HTTPBase): async def __call__( self, request: Request ) -> Optional[HTTPAuthorizationCredentials]: - authorization: str = request.headers.get("Authorization") + authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization") scheme, credentials = get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization) if not (authorization and scheme and credentials): if self.auto_error: @@ -134,12 +322,79 @@ class HTTPBearer(HTTPBase): class HTTPDigest(HTTPBase): + """ + HTTP Digest authentication. + + ## Usage + + Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`. + + The dependency result will be an `HTTPAuthorizationCredentials` object containing + the `scheme` and the `credentials`. + + ## Example + + ```python + from typing import Annotated + + from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + from fastapi.security import HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, HTTPDigest + + app = FastAPI() + + security = HTTPDigest() + + + @app.get("/users/me") + def read_current_user( + credentials: Annotated[HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, Depends(security)] + ): + return {"scheme": credentials.scheme, "credentials": credentials.credentials} + ``` + """ + def __init__( self, *, - scheme_name: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - auto_error: bool = True, + scheme_name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Security scheme name. + + It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Security scheme description. + + It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + auto_error: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + By default, if the HTTP Digest not provided, `HTTPDigest` will + automatically cancel the request and send the client an error. + + If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Digest is not + available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will + be `None`. + + This is useful when you want to have optional authentication. + + It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be + provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in HTTP + Digest or in a cookie). + """ + ), + ] = True, ): self.model = HTTPBaseModel(scheme="digest", description=description) self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__ @@ -148,7 +403,7 @@ class HTTPDigest(HTTPBase): async def __call__( self, request: Request ) -> Optional[HTTPAuthorizationCredentials]: - authorization: str = request.headers.get("Authorization") + authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization") scheme, credentials = get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization) if not (authorization and scheme and credentials): if self.auto_error: diff --git a/fastapi/security/oauth2.py b/fastapi/security/oauth2.py index bdc6e2ea9..be3e18cd8 100644 --- a/fastapi/security/oauth2.py +++ b/fastapi/security/oauth2.py @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union +from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union, cast from fastapi.exceptions import HTTPException from fastapi.openapi.models import OAuth2 as OAuth2Model @@ -9,48 +9,137 @@ from fastapi.security.utils import get_authorization_scheme_param from starlette.requests import Request from starlette.status import HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN +# TODO: import from typing when deprecating Python 3.9 +from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc # type: ignore [attr-defined] + class OAuth2PasswordRequestForm: """ - This is a dependency class, use it like: + This is a dependency class to collect the `username` and `password` as form data + for an OAuth2 password flow. - @app.post("/login") - def login(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends()): - data = form_data.parse() - print(data.username) - print(data.password) - for scope in data.scopes: - print(scope) - if data.client_id: - print(data.client_id) - if data.client_secret: - print(data.client_secret) - return data + The OAuth2 specification dictates that for a password flow the data should be + collected using form data (instead of JSON) and that it should have the specific + fields `username` and `password`. + + All the initialization parameters are extracted from the request. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/). + + ## Example + + ```python + from typing import Annotated + + from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordRequestForm + + app = FastAPI() - It creates the following Form request parameters in your endpoint: + @app.post("/login") + def login(form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()]): + data = {} + data["scopes"] = [] + for scope in form_data.scopes: + data["scopes"].append(scope) + if form_data.client_id: + data["client_id"] = form_data.client_id + if form_data.client_secret: + data["client_secret"] = form_data.client_secret + return data + ``` - grant_type: the OAuth2 spec says it is required and MUST be the fixed string "password". - Nevertheless, this dependency class is permissive and allows not passing it. If you want to enforce it, - use instead the OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict dependency. - username: username string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name "username". - password: password string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name "password". - scope: Optional string. Several scopes (each one a string) separated by spaces. E.g. - "items:read items:write users:read profile openid" - client_id: optional string. OAuth2 recommends sending the client_id and client_secret (if any) - using HTTP Basic auth, as: client_id:client_secret - client_secret: optional string. OAuth2 recommends sending the client_id and client_secret (if any) - using HTTP Basic auth, as: client_id:client_secret + Note that for OAuth2 the scope `items:read` is a single scope in an opaque string. + You could have custom internal logic to separate it by colon caracters (`:`) or + similar, and get the two parts `items` and `read`. Many applications do that to + group and organize permisions, you could do it as well in your application, just + know that that it is application specific, it's not part of the specification. """ def __init__( self, - grant_type: str = Form(None, regex="password"), - username: str = Form(...), - password: str = Form(...), - scope: str = Form(""), - client_id: Optional[str] = Form(None), - client_secret: Optional[str] = Form(None), + *, + grant_type: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Form(pattern="password"), + Doc( + """ + The OAuth2 spec says it is required and MUST be the fixed string + "password". Nevertheless, this dependency class is permissive and + allows not passing it. If you want to enforce it, use instead the + `OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict` dependency. + """ + ), + ] = None, + username: Annotated[ + str, + Form(), + Doc( + """ + `username` string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name + `username`. + """ + ), + ], + password: Annotated[ + str, + Form(), + Doc( + """ + `password` string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name + `password". + """ + ), + ], + scope: Annotated[ + str, + Form(), + Doc( + """ + A single string with actually several scopes separated by spaces. Each + scope is also a string. + + For example, a single string with: + + ```python + "items:read items:write users:read profile openid" + ```` + + would represent the scopes: + + * `items:read` + * `items:write` + * `users:read` + * `profile` + * `openid` + """ + ), + ] = "", + client_id: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Form(), + Doc( + """ + If there's a `client_id`, it can be sent as part of the form fields. + But the OAuth2 specification recommends sending the `client_id` and + `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic auth. + """ + ), + ] = None, + client_secret: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Form(), + Doc( + """ + If there's a `client_password` (and a `client_id`), they can be sent + as part of the form fields. But the OAuth2 specification recommends + sending the `client_id` and `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic + auth. + """ + ), + ] = None, ): self.grant_type = grant_type self.username = username @@ -62,23 +151,54 @@ class OAuth2PasswordRequestForm: class OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict(OAuth2PasswordRequestForm): """ - This is a dependency class, use it like: + This is a dependency class to collect the `username` and `password` as form data + for an OAuth2 password flow. - @app.post("/login") - def login(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict = Depends()): - data = form_data.parse() - print(data.username) - print(data.password) - for scope in data.scopes: - print(scope) - if data.client_id: - print(data.client_id) - if data.client_secret: - print(data.client_secret) - return data + The OAuth2 specification dictates that for a password flow the data should be + collected using form data (instead of JSON) and that it should have the specific + fields `username` and `password`. + + All the initialization parameters are extracted from the request. + + The only difference between `OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict` and + `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` is that `OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict` requires the + client to send the form field `grant_type` with the value `"password"`, which + is required in the OAuth2 specification (it seems that for no particular reason), + while for `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` `grant_type` is optional. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/). + + ## Example + + ```python + from typing import Annotated + + from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI + from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordRequestForm + + app = FastAPI() - It creates the following Form request parameters in your endpoint: + @app.post("/login") + def login(form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict, Depends()]): + data = {} + data["scopes"] = [] + for scope in form_data.scopes: + data["scopes"].append(scope) + if form_data.client_id: + data["client_id"] = form_data.client_id + if form_data.client_secret: + data["client_secret"] = form_data.client_secret + return data + ``` + + Note that for OAuth2 the scope `items:read` is a single scope in an opaque string. + You could have custom internal logic to separate it by colon caracters (`:`) or + similar, and get the two parts `items` and `read`. Many applications do that to + group and organize permisions, you could do it as well in your application, just + know that that it is application specific, it's not part of the specification. + grant_type: the OAuth2 spec says it is required and MUST be the fixed string "password". This dependency is strict about it. If you want to be permissive, use instead the @@ -95,12 +215,85 @@ class OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict(OAuth2PasswordRequestForm): def __init__( self, - grant_type: str = Form(..., regex="password"), - username: str = Form(...), - password: str = Form(...), - scope: str = Form(""), - client_id: Optional[str] = Form(None), - client_secret: Optional[str] = Form(None), + grant_type: Annotated[ + str, + Form(pattern="password"), + Doc( + """ + The OAuth2 spec says it is required and MUST be the fixed string + "password". This dependency is strict about it. If you want to be + permissive, use instead the `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` dependency + class. + """ + ), + ], + username: Annotated[ + str, + Form(), + Doc( + """ + `username` string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name + `username`. + """ + ), + ], + password: Annotated[ + str, + Form(), + Doc( + """ + `password` string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name + `password". + """ + ), + ], + scope: Annotated[ + str, + Form(), + Doc( + """ + A single string with actually several scopes separated by spaces. Each + scope is also a string. + + For example, a single string with: + + ```python + "items:read items:write users:read profile openid" + ```` + + would represent the scopes: + + * `items:read` + * `items:write` + * `users:read` + * `profile` + * `openid` + """ + ), + ] = "", + client_id: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Form(), + Doc( + """ + If there's a `client_id`, it can be sent as part of the form fields. + But the OAuth2 specification recommends sending the `client_id` and + `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic auth. + """ + ), + ] = None, + client_secret: Annotated[ + Union[str, None], + Form(), + Doc( + """ + If there's a `client_password` (and a `client_id`), they can be sent + as part of the form fields. But the OAuth2 specification recommends + sending the `client_id` and `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic + auth. + """ + ), + ] = None, ): super().__init__( grant_type=grant_type, @@ -113,20 +306,78 @@ class OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict(OAuth2PasswordRequestForm): class OAuth2(SecurityBase): + """ + This is the base class for OAuth2 authentication, an instance of it would be used + as a dependency. All other OAuth2 classes inherit from it and customize it for + each OAuth2 flow. + + You normally would not create a new class inheriting from it but use one of the + existing subclasses, and maybe compose them if you want to support multiple flows. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Security](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/). + """ + def __init__( self, *, - flows: Union[OAuthFlowsModel, Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]] = OAuthFlowsModel(), - scheme_name: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - auto_error: Optional[bool] = True + flows: Annotated[ + Union[OAuthFlowsModel, Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]], + Doc( + """ + The dictionary of OAuth2 flows. + """ + ), + ] = OAuthFlowsModel(), + scheme_name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Security scheme name. + + It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Security scheme description. + + It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + auto_error: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + By default, if no HTTP Authorization header is provided, required for + OAuth2 authentication, it will automatically cancel the request and + send the client an error. + + If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Authorization header + is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will + be `None`. + + This is useful when you want to have optional authentication. + + It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be + provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OAuth2 + or in a cookie). + """ + ), + ] = True, ): - self.model = OAuth2Model(flows=flows, description=description) + self.model = OAuth2Model( + flows=cast(OAuthFlowsModel, flows), description=description + ) self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__ self.auto_error = auto_error async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> Optional[str]: - authorization: str = request.headers.get("Authorization") + authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization") if not authorization: if self.auto_error: raise HTTPException( @@ -138,17 +389,80 @@ class OAuth2(SecurityBase): class OAuth2PasswordBearer(OAuth2): + """ + OAuth2 flow for authentication using a bearer token obtained with a password. + An instance of it would be used as a dependency. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/). + """ + def __init__( self, - tokenUrl: str, - scheme_name: Optional[str] = None, - scopes: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - auto_error: bool = True, + tokenUrl: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL to obtain the OAuth2 token. This would be the *path operation* + that has `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` as a dependency. + """ + ), + ], + scheme_name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Security scheme name. + + It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + scopes: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, str]], + Doc( + """ + The OAuth2 scopes that would be required by the *path operations* that + use this dependency. + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Security scheme description. + + It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + auto_error: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + By default, if no HTTP Auhtorization header is provided, required for + OAuth2 authentication, it will automatically cancel the request and + send the client an error. + + If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Authorization header + is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will + be `None`. + + This is useful when you want to have optional authentication. + + It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be + provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OAuth2 + or in a cookie). + """ + ), + ] = True, ): if not scopes: scopes = {} - flows = OAuthFlowsModel(password={"tokenUrl": tokenUrl, "scopes": scopes}) + flows = OAuthFlowsModel( + password=cast(Any, {"tokenUrl": tokenUrl, "scopes": scopes}) + ) super().__init__( flows=flows, scheme_name=scheme_name, @@ -157,7 +471,7 @@ class OAuth2PasswordBearer(OAuth2): ) async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> Optional[str]: - authorization: str = request.headers.get("Authorization") + authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization") scheme, param = get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization) if not authorization or scheme.lower() != "bearer": if self.auto_error: @@ -172,25 +486,92 @@ class OAuth2PasswordBearer(OAuth2): class OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer(OAuth2): + """ + OAuth2 flow for authentication using a bearer token obtained with an OAuth2 code + flow. An instance of it would be used as a dependency. + """ + def __init__( self, authorizationUrl: str, - tokenUrl: str, - refreshUrl: Optional[str] = None, - scheme_name: Optional[str] = None, - scopes: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - auto_error: bool = True, + tokenUrl: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The URL to obtain the OAuth2 token. + """ + ), + ], + refreshUrl: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + The URL to refresh the token and obtain a new one. + """ + ), + ] = None, + scheme_name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Security scheme name. + + It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + scopes: Annotated[ + Optional[Dict[str, str]], + Doc( + """ + The OAuth2 scopes that would be required by the *path operations* that + use this dependency. + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Security scheme description. + + It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + auto_error: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + By default, if no HTTP Auhtorization header is provided, required for + OAuth2 authentication, it will automatically cancel the request and + send the client an error. + + If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Authorization header + is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will + be `None`. + + This is useful when you want to have optional authentication. + + It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be + provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OAuth2 + or in a cookie). + """ + ), + ] = True, ): if not scopes: scopes = {} flows = OAuthFlowsModel( - authorizationCode={ - "authorizationUrl": authorizationUrl, - "tokenUrl": tokenUrl, - "refreshUrl": refreshUrl, - "scopes": scopes, - } + authorizationCode=cast( + Any, + { + "authorizationUrl": authorizationUrl, + "tokenUrl": tokenUrl, + "refreshUrl": refreshUrl, + "scopes": scopes, + }, + ) ) super().__init__( flows=flows, @@ -200,7 +581,7 @@ class OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer(OAuth2): ) async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> Optional[str]: - authorization: str = request.headers.get("Authorization") + authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization") scheme, param = get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization) if not authorization or scheme.lower() != "bearer": if self.auto_error: @@ -215,6 +596,43 @@ class OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer(OAuth2): class SecurityScopes: - def __init__(self, scopes: Optional[List[str]] = None): - self.scopes = scopes or [] - self.scope_str = " ".join(self.scopes) + """ + This is a special class that you can define in a parameter in a dependency to + obtain the OAuth2 scopes required by all the dependencies in the same chain. + + This way, multiple dependencies can have different scopes, even when used in the + same *path operation*. And with this, you can access all the scopes required in + all those dependencies in a single place. + + Read more about it in the + [FastAPI docs for OAuth2 scopes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes/). + """ + + def __init__( + self, + scopes: Annotated[ + Optional[List[str]], + Doc( + """ + This will be filled by FastAPI. + """ + ), + ] = None, + ): + self.scopes: Annotated[ + List[str], + Doc( + """ + The list of all the scopes required by dependencies. + """ + ), + ] = scopes or [] + self.scope_str: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + All the scopes required by all the dependencies in a single string + separated by spaces, as defined in the OAuth2 specification. + """ + ), + ] = " ".join(self.scopes) diff --git a/fastapi/security/open_id_connect_url.py b/fastapi/security/open_id_connect_url.py index dfe9f7b25..c612b475d 100644 --- a/fastapi/security/open_id_connect_url.py +++ b/fastapi/security/open_id_connect_url.py @@ -5,16 +5,66 @@ from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException from starlette.requests import Request from starlette.status import HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN +from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc # type: ignore [attr-defined] class OpenIdConnect(SecurityBase): + """ + OpenID Connect authentication class. An instance of it would be used as a + dependency. + """ + def __init__( self, *, - openIdConnectUrl: str, - scheme_name: Optional[str] = None, - description: Optional[str] = None, - auto_error: bool = True + openIdConnectUrl: Annotated[ + str, + Doc( + """ + The OpenID Connect URL. + """ + ), + ], + scheme_name: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Security scheme name. + + It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + description: Annotated[ + Optional[str], + Doc( + """ + Security scheme description. + + It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`). + """ + ), + ] = None, + auto_error: Annotated[ + bool, + Doc( + """ + By default, if no HTTP Auhtorization header is provided, required for + OpenID Connect authentication, it will automatically cancel the request + and send the client an error. + + If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Authorization header + is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will + be `None`. + + This is useful when you want to have optional authentication. + + It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be + provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OpenID + Connect or in a cookie). + """ + ), + ] = True, ): self.model = OpenIdConnectModel( openIdConnectUrl=openIdConnectUrl, description=description @@ -23,7 +73,7 @@ class OpenIdConnect(SecurityBase): self.auto_error = auto_error async def __call__(self, request: Request) -> Optional[str]: - authorization: str = request.headers.get("Authorization") + authorization = request.headers.get("Authorization") if not authorization: if self.auto_error: raise HTTPException( diff --git a/fastapi/security/utils.py b/fastapi/security/utils.py index 2da0dd20f..fa7a450b7 100644 --- a/fastapi/security/utils.py +++ b/fastapi/security/utils.py @@ -1,7 +1,9 @@ -from typing import Tuple +from typing import Optional, Tuple -def get_authorization_scheme_param(authorization_header_value: str) -> Tuple[str, str]: +def get_authorization_scheme_param( + authorization_header_value: Optional[str], +) -> Tuple[str, str]: if not authorization_header_value: return "", "" scheme, _, param = authorization_header_value.partition(" ") diff --git a/fastapi/types.py b/fastapi/types.py index e0bca4632..3205654c7 100644 --- a/fastapi/types.py +++ b/fastapi/types.py @@ -1,3 +1,10 @@ -from typing import Any, Callable, TypeVar +import types +from enum import Enum +from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Set, Type, TypeVar, Union + +from pydantic import BaseModel DecoratedCallable = TypeVar("DecoratedCallable", bound=Callable[..., Any]) +UnionType = getattr(types, "UnionType", Union) +ModelNameMap = Dict[Union[Type[BaseModel], Type[Enum]], str] +IncEx = Union[Set[int], Set[str], Dict[int, Any], Dict[str, Any]] diff --git a/fastapi/utils.py b/fastapi/utils.py index 8913d85b2..53b2fa0c3 100644 --- a/fastapi/utils.py +++ b/fastapi/utils.py @@ -1,33 +1,59 @@ -import functools import re +import warnings from dataclasses import is_dataclass -from enum import Enum -from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Set, Type, Union, cast +from typing import ( + TYPE_CHECKING, + Any, + Dict, + MutableMapping, + Optional, + Set, + Type, + Union, + cast, +) +from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary import fastapi +from fastapi._compat import ( + PYDANTIC_V2, + BaseConfig, + ModelField, + PydanticSchemaGenerationError, + Undefined, + UndefinedType, + Validator, + lenient_issubclass, +) from fastapi.datastructures import DefaultPlaceholder, DefaultType -from fastapi.openapi.constants import REF_PREFIX -from pydantic import BaseConfig, BaseModel, create_model -from pydantic.class_validators import Validator -from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo, ModelField, UndefinedType -from pydantic.schema import model_process_schema -from pydantic.utils import lenient_issubclass +from pydantic import BaseModel, create_model +from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo +from typing_extensions import Literal + +if TYPE_CHECKING: # pragma: nocover + from .routing import APIRoute + +# Cache for `create_cloned_field` +_CLONED_TYPES_CACHE: MutableMapping[ + Type[BaseModel], Type[BaseModel] +] = WeakKeyDictionary() -def get_model_definitions( - *, - flat_models: Set[Union[Type[BaseModel], Type[Enum]]], - model_name_map: Dict[Union[Type[BaseModel], Type[Enum]], str], -) -> Dict[str, Any]: - definitions: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {} - for model in flat_models: - m_schema, m_definitions, m_nested_models = model_process_schema( - model, model_name_map=model_name_map, ref_prefix=REF_PREFIX - ) - definitions.update(m_definitions) - model_name = model_name_map[model] - definitions[model_name] = m_schema - return definitions +def is_body_allowed_for_status_code(status_code: Union[int, str, None]) -> bool: + if status_code is None: + return True + # Ref: https://github.com/OAI/OpenAPI-Specification/blob/main/versions/3.1.0.md#patterned-fields-1 + if status_code in { + "default", + "1XX", + "2XX", + "3XX", + "4XX", + "5XX", + }: + return True + current_status_code = int(status_code) + return not (current_status_code < 200 or current_status_code in {204, 205, 304}) def get_path_param_names(path: str) -> Set[str]: @@ -38,45 +64,63 @@ def create_response_field( name: str, type_: Type[Any], class_validators: Optional[Dict[str, Validator]] = None, - default: Optional[Any] = None, - required: Union[bool, UndefinedType] = False, + default: Optional[Any] = Undefined, + required: Union[bool, UndefinedType] = Undefined, model_config: Type[BaseConfig] = BaseConfig, field_info: Optional[FieldInfo] = None, alias: Optional[str] = None, + mode: Literal["validation", "serialization"] = "validation", ) -> ModelField: """ Create a new response field. Raises if type_ is invalid. """ class_validators = class_validators or {} - field_info = field_info or FieldInfo(None) - - response_field = functools.partial( - ModelField, - name=name, - type_=type_, - class_validators=class_validators, - default=default, - required=required, - model_config=model_config, - alias=alias, - ) - - try: - return response_field(field_info=field_info) - except RuntimeError: - raise fastapi.exceptions.FastAPIError( - f"Invalid args for response field! Hint: check that {type_} is a valid pydantic field type" + if PYDANTIC_V2: + field_info = field_info or FieldInfo( + annotation=type_, default=default, alias=alias ) + else: + field_info = field_info or FieldInfo() + kwargs = {"name": name, "field_info": field_info} + if PYDANTIC_V2: + kwargs.update({"mode": mode}) + else: + kwargs.update( + { + "type_": type_, + "class_validators": class_validators, + "default": default, + "required": required, + "model_config": model_config, + "alias": alias, + } + ) + try: + return ModelField(**kwargs) # type: ignore[arg-type] + except (RuntimeError, PydanticSchemaGenerationError): + raise fastapi.exceptions.FastAPIError( + "Invalid args for response field! Hint: " + f"check that {type_} is a valid Pydantic field type. " + "If you are using a return type annotation that is not a valid Pydantic " + "field (e.g. Union[Response, dict, None]) you can disable generating the " + "response model from the type annotation with the path operation decorator " + "parameter response_model=None. Read more: " + "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/" + ) from None def create_cloned_field( field: ModelField, *, - cloned_types: Optional[Dict[Type[BaseModel], Type[BaseModel]]] = None, + cloned_types: Optional[MutableMapping[Type[BaseModel], Type[BaseModel]]] = None, ) -> ModelField: - # _cloned_types has already cloned types, to support recursive models + if PYDANTIC_V2: + return field + # cloned_types caches already cloned types to support recursive models and improve + # performance by avoiding unnecessary cloning if cloned_types is None: - cloned_types = dict() + cloned_types = _CLONED_TYPES_CACHE + original_type = field.type_ if is_dataclass(original_type) and hasattr(original_type, "__pydantic_model__"): original_type = original_type.__pydantic_model__ @@ -92,50 +136,73 @@ def create_cloned_field( f, cloned_types=cloned_types ) new_field = create_response_field(name=field.name, type_=use_type) - new_field.has_alias = field.has_alias - new_field.alias = field.alias - new_field.class_validators = field.class_validators - new_field.default = field.default - new_field.required = field.required - new_field.model_config = field.model_config + new_field.has_alias = field.has_alias # type: ignore[attr-defined] + new_field.alias = field.alias # type: ignore[misc] + new_field.class_validators = field.class_validators # type: ignore[attr-defined] + new_field.default = field.default # type: ignore[misc] + new_field.required = field.required # type: ignore[misc] + new_field.model_config = field.model_config # type: ignore[attr-defined] new_field.field_info = field.field_info - new_field.allow_none = field.allow_none - new_field.validate_always = field.validate_always - if field.sub_fields: - new_field.sub_fields = [ + new_field.allow_none = field.allow_none # type: ignore[attr-defined] + new_field.validate_always = field.validate_always # type: ignore[attr-defined] + if field.sub_fields: # type: ignore[attr-defined] + new_field.sub_fields = [ # type: ignore[attr-defined] create_cloned_field(sub_field, cloned_types=cloned_types) - for sub_field in field.sub_fields + for sub_field in field.sub_fields # type: ignore[attr-defined] ] - if field.key_field: - new_field.key_field = create_cloned_field( - field.key_field, cloned_types=cloned_types + if field.key_field: # type: ignore[attr-defined] + new_field.key_field = create_cloned_field( # type: ignore[attr-defined] + field.key_field, # type: ignore[attr-defined] + cloned_types=cloned_types, ) - new_field.validators = field.validators - new_field.pre_validators = field.pre_validators - new_field.post_validators = field.post_validators - new_field.parse_json = field.parse_json - new_field.shape = field.shape - new_field.populate_validators() + new_field.validators = field.validators # type: ignore[attr-defined] + new_field.pre_validators = field.pre_validators # type: ignore[attr-defined] + new_field.post_validators = field.post_validators # type: ignore[attr-defined] + new_field.parse_json = field.parse_json # type: ignore[attr-defined] + new_field.shape = field.shape # type: ignore[attr-defined] + new_field.populate_validators() # type: ignore[attr-defined] return new_field -def generate_operation_id_for_path(*, name: str, path: str, method: str) -> str: - operation_id = name + path - operation_id = re.sub("[^0-9a-zA-Z_]", "_", operation_id) - operation_id = operation_id + "_" + method.lower() +def generate_operation_id_for_path( + *, name: str, path: str, method: str +) -> str: # pragma: nocover + warnings.warn( + "fastapi.utils.generate_operation_id_for_path() was deprecated, " + "it is not used internally, and will be removed soon", + DeprecationWarning, + stacklevel=2, + ) + operation_id = f"{name}{path}" + operation_id = re.sub(r"\W", "_", operation_id) + operation_id = f"{operation_id}_{method.lower()}" + return operation_id + + +def generate_unique_id(route: "APIRoute") -> str: + operation_id = f"{route.name}{route.path_format}" + operation_id = re.sub(r"\W", "_", operation_id) + assert route.methods + operation_id = f"{operation_id}_{list(route.methods)[0].lower()}" return operation_id def deep_dict_update(main_dict: Dict[Any, Any], update_dict: Dict[Any, Any]) -> None: - for key in update_dict: + for key, value in update_dict.items(): if ( key in main_dict and isinstance(main_dict[key], dict) - and isinstance(update_dict[key], dict) + and isinstance(value, dict) ): - deep_dict_update(main_dict[key], update_dict[key]) + deep_dict_update(main_dict[key], value) + elif ( + key in main_dict + and isinstance(main_dict[key], list) + and isinstance(update_dict[key], list) + ): + main_dict[key] = main_dict[key] + update_dict[key] else: - main_dict[key] = update_dict[key] + main_dict[key] = value def get_value_or_default( @@ -154,3 +221,9 @@ def get_value_or_default( if not isinstance(item, DefaultPlaceholder): return item return first_item + + +def match_pydantic_error_url(error_type: str) -> Any: + from dirty_equals import IsStr + + return IsStr(regex=rf"^https://errors\.pydantic\.dev/.*/v/{error_type}") diff --git a/fastapi/websockets.py b/fastapi/websockets.py index bed672acf..55a4ac4a1 100644 --- a/fastapi/websockets.py +++ b/fastapi/websockets.py @@ -1,2 +1,3 @@ from starlette.websockets import WebSocket as WebSocket # noqa from starlette.websockets import WebSocketDisconnect as WebSocketDisconnect # noqa +from starlette.websockets import WebSocketState as WebSocketState # noqa diff --git a/pending_tests/main.py b/pending_tests/main.py deleted file mode 100644 index 5e919f1bc..000000000 --- a/pending_tests/main.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,118 +0,0 @@ -from fastapi import ( - Body, - Cookie, - Depends, - FastAPI, - File, - Form, - Header, - Path, - Query, - Security, -) -from fastapi.security import ( - HTTPBasic, - OAuth2, - OAuth2PasswordBearer, - OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, -) -from pydantic import BaseModel -from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse, JSONResponse, PlainTextResponse -from starlette.status import HTTP_202_ACCEPTED - -app = FastAPI() - - -@app.get("/security") -def get_security(sec=Security(HTTPBasic())): - return sec - - -reusable_oauth2 = OAuth2( - flows={ - "password": { - "tokenUrl": "token", - "scopes": {"read:user": "Read a User", "write:user": "Create a user"}, - } - } -) - - -@app.get("/security/oauth2") -def get_security_oauth2(sec=Security(reusable_oauth2, scopes=["read:user"])): - return sec - - -@app.post("/token") -def post_token(request_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Form(...)): - data = request_data.parse() - access_token = data.username + ":" + data.password - return {"access_token": access_token} - - -class Item(BaseModel): - name: str - price: float - is_offer: bool - - -class FakeDB: - def __init__(self): - self.data = { - "johndoe": { - "username": "johndoe", - "password": "shouldbehashed", - "first_name": "John", - "last_name": "Doe", - } - } - - -class DBConnectionManager: - def __init__(self): - self.db = FakeDB() - - def __call__(self): - return self.db - - -connection_manager = DBConnectionManager() - - -class TokenUserData(BaseModel): - username: str - password: str - - -class UserInDB(BaseModel): - username: str - password: str - first_name: str - last_name: str - - -def require_token( - token: str = Security(reusable_oauth2, scopes=["read:user", "write:user"]) -): - raw_token = token.replace("Bearer ", "") - # Never do this plaintext password usage in production - username, password = raw_token.split(":") - return TokenUserData(username=username, password=password) - - -def require_user( - db: FakeDB = Depends(connection_manager), - user_data: TokenUserData = Depends(require_token), -): - return db.data[user_data.username] - - -class UserOut(BaseModel): - username: str - first_name: str - last_name: str - - -@app.get("/dependency", response_model=UserOut) -def get_dependency(user: UserInDB = Depends(require_user)): - return user diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml index 50e0afe87..c23e82ef4 100644 --- a/pyproject.toml +++ b/pyproject.toml @@ -1,12 +1,16 @@ [build-system] -requires = ["flit"] -build-backend = "flit.buildapi" +requires = ["hatchling >= 1.13.0"] +build-backend = "hatchling.build" -[tool.flit.metadata] -module = "fastapi" -author = "Sebastián Ramírez" -author-email = "tiangolo@gmail.com" -home-page = "https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" +[project] +name = "fastapi" +description = "FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production" +readme = "README.md" +requires-python = ">=3.8" +license = "MIT" +authors = [ + { name = "Sebastián Ramírez", email = "tiangolo@gmail.com" }, +] classifiers = [ "Intended Audience :: Information Technology", "Intended Audience :: System Administrators", @@ -22,98 +26,52 @@ classifiers = [ "Development Status :: 4 - Beta", "Environment :: Web Environment", "Framework :: AsyncIO", + "Framework :: FastAPI", + "Framework :: Pydantic", + "Framework :: Pydantic :: 1", "Intended Audience :: Developers", "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License", "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only", - "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6", - "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7", "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8", "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9", + "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10", + "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11", + "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12", "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: HTTP Servers", "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP", ] -requires = [ - "starlette ==0.16.0", - "pydantic >=1.6.2,!=1.7,!=1.7.1,!=1.7.2,!=1.7.3,!=1.8,!=1.8.1,<2.0.0", +dependencies = [ + "starlette>=0.36.3,<0.37.0", + "pydantic>=1.7.4,!=1.8,!=1.8.1,!=2.0.0,!=2.0.1,!=2.1.0,<3.0.0", + "typing-extensions>=4.8.0", ] -description-file = "README.md" -requires-python = ">=3.6.1" +dynamic = ["version"] -[tool.flit.metadata.urls] +[project.urls] +Homepage = "https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" Documentation = "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/" +Repository = "https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" -[tool.flit.metadata.requires-extra] -test = [ - "pytest >=6.2.4,<7.0.0", - "pytest-cov >=2.12.0,<4.0.0", - "mypy ==0.910", - "flake8 >=3.8.3,<4.0.0", - "black ==21.9b0", - "isort >=5.0.6,<6.0.0", - "requests >=2.24.0,<3.0.0", - "httpx >=0.14.0,<0.19.0", - "email_validator >=1.1.1,<2.0.0", - "sqlalchemy >=1.3.18,<1.5.0", - "peewee >=3.13.3,<4.0.0", - "databases[sqlite] >=0.3.2,<0.6.0", - "orjson >=3.2.1,<4.0.0", - "ujson >=4.0.1,<5.0.0", - "python-multipart >=0.0.5,<0.0.6", - "flask >=1.1.2,<3.0.0", - "anyio[trio] >=3.2.1,<4.0.0", - - # types - "types-ujson ==0.1.1", - "types-orjson ==3.6.0", - "types-dataclasses ==0.1.7; python_version<'3.7'", -] -doc = [ - "mkdocs >=1.1.2,<2.0.0", - "mkdocs-material >=7.1.9,<8.0.0", - "mdx-include >=1.4.1,<2.0.0", - "mkdocs-markdownextradata-plugin >=0.1.7,<0.3.0", - "typer-cli >=0.0.12,<0.0.13", - "pyyaml >=5.3.1,<6.0.0" -] -dev = [ - "python-jose[cryptography] >=3.3.0,<4.0.0", - "passlib[bcrypt] >=1.7.2,<2.0.0", - "autoflake >=1.4.0,<2.0.0", - "flake8 >=3.8.3,<4.0.0", - "uvicorn[standard] >=0.12.0,<0.16.0", -] +[project.optional-dependencies] all = [ - "requests >=2.24.0,<3.0.0", - "jinja2 >=2.11.2,<4.0.0", - "python-multipart >=0.0.5,<0.0.6", - "itsdangerous >=1.1.0,<3.0.0", - "pyyaml >=5.3.1,<6.0.0", - "ujson >=4.0.1,<5.0.0", - "orjson >=3.2.1,<4.0.0", - "email_validator >=1.1.1,<2.0.0", - "uvicorn[standard] >=0.12.0,<0.16.0", + "httpx >=0.23.0", + "jinja2 >=2.11.2", + "python-multipart >=0.0.7", + "itsdangerous >=1.1.0", + "pyyaml >=5.3.1", + "ujson >=4.0.1,!=4.0.2,!=4.1.0,!=4.2.0,!=4.3.0,!=5.0.0,!=5.1.0", + "orjson >=3.2.1", + "email_validator >=2.0.0", + "uvicorn[standard] >=0.12.0", + "pydantic-settings >=2.0.0", + "pydantic-extra-types >=2.0.0", ] -[tool.isort] -profile = "black" -known_third_party = ["fastapi", "pydantic", "starlette"] +[tool.hatch.version] +path = "fastapi/__init__.py" [tool.mypy] -# --strict -disallow_any_generics = true -disallow_subclassing_any = true -disallow_untyped_calls = true -disallow_untyped_defs = true -disallow_incomplete_defs = true -check_untyped_defs = true -disallow_untyped_decorators = true -no_implicit_optional = true -warn_redundant_casts = true -warn_unused_ignores = true -warn_return_any = true -implicit_reexport = false -strict_equality = true -# --strict end +strict = true [[tool.mypy.overrides]] module = "fastapi.concurrency" @@ -125,10 +83,17 @@ module = "fastapi.tests.*" ignore_missing_imports = true check_untyped_defs = true +[[tool.mypy.overrides]] +module = "docs_src.*" +disallow_incomplete_defs = false +disallow_untyped_defs = false +disallow_untyped_calls = false + [tool.pytest.ini_options] addopts = [ "--strict-config", "--strict-markers", + "--ignore=docs_src", ] xfail_strict = true junit_family = "xunit2" @@ -136,4 +101,96 @@ filterwarnings = [ "error", # TODO: needed by asyncio in Python 3.9.7 https://bugs.python.org/issue45097, try to remove on 3.9.8 'ignore:The loop argument is deprecated since Python 3\.8, and scheduled for removal in Python 3\.10:DeprecationWarning:asyncio', + 'ignore:starlette.middleware.wsgi is deprecated and will be removed in a future release\..*:DeprecationWarning:starlette', + # TODO: remove after upgrading HTTPX to a version newer than 0.23.0 + # Including PR: https://github.com/encode/httpx/pull/2309 + "ignore:'cgi' is deprecated:DeprecationWarning", + # For passlib + "ignore:'crypt' is deprecated and slated for removal in Python 3.13:DeprecationWarning", + # see https://trio.readthedocs.io/en/stable/history.html#trio-0-22-0-2022-09-28 + "ignore:You seem to already have a custom.*:RuntimeWarning:trio", + "ignore::trio.TrioDeprecationWarning", + # TODO remove pytest-cov + 'ignore::pytest.PytestDeprecationWarning:pytest_cov', + # TODO: remove after upgrading SQLAlchemy to a version that includes the following changes + # https://github.com/sqlalchemy/sqlalchemy/commit/59521abcc0676e936b31a523bd968fc157fef0c2 + 'ignore:datetime\.datetime\.utcfromtimestamp\(\) is deprecated and scheduled for removal in a future version\..*:DeprecationWarning:sqlalchemy', + # TODO: remove after upgrading python-jose to a version that explicitly supports Python 3.12 + # also, if it won't receive an update, consider replacing python-jose with some alternative + # related issues: + # - https://github.com/mpdavis/python-jose/issues/332 + # - https://github.com/mpdavis/python-jose/issues/334 + 'ignore:datetime\.datetime\.utcnow\(\) is deprecated and scheduled for removal in a future version\..*:DeprecationWarning:jose', + # TODO: remove after upgrading Starlette to a version including https://github.com/encode/starlette/pull/2406 + # Probably Starlette 0.36.0 + "ignore: The 'method' parameter is not used, and it will be removed.:DeprecationWarning:starlette", ] + +[tool.coverage.run] +parallel = true +source = [ + "docs_src", + "tests", + "fastapi" +] +context = '${CONTEXT}' +omit = [ + "docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04.py", + "docs_src/response_model/tutorial003_04_py310.py", +] + +[tool.ruff] +select = [ + "E", # pycodestyle errors + "W", # pycodestyle warnings + "F", # pyflakes + "I", # isort + "B", # flake8-bugbear + "C4", # flake8-comprehensions + "UP", # pyupgrade +] +ignore = [ + "E501", # line too long, handled by black + "B008", # do not perform function calls in argument defaults + "W191", # indentation contains tabs +] + +[tool.ruff.per-file-ignores] +"__init__.py" = ["F401"] +"docs_src/dependencies/tutorial007.py" = ["F821"] +"docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008.py" = ["F821"] +"docs_src/dependencies/tutorial009.py" = ["F821"] +"docs_src/dependencies/tutorial010.py" = ["F821"] +"docs_src/custom_response/tutorial007.py" = ["B007"] +"docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial003.py" = ["I001"] +"docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007.py" = ["B904"] +"docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007_pv1.py" = ["B904"] +"docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial002.py" = ["B904"] +"docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_an.py" = ["F821"] +"docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008_an_py39.py" = ["F821"] +"docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012_an.py" = ["B006"] +"docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial012_an_py39.py" = ["B006"] +"docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013_an.py" = ["B006"] +"docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial013_an_py39.py" = ["B006"] +"docs_src/security/tutorial004.py" = ["B904"] +"docs_src/security/tutorial004_an.py" = ["B904"] +"docs_src/security/tutorial004_an_py310.py" = ["B904"] +"docs_src/security/tutorial004_an_py39.py" = ["B904"] +"docs_src/security/tutorial004_py310.py" = ["B904"] +"docs_src/security/tutorial005.py" = ["B904"] +"docs_src/security/tutorial005_an.py" = ["B904"] +"docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py" = ["B904"] +"docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py39.py" = ["B904"] +"docs_src/security/tutorial005_py310.py" = ["B904"] +"docs_src/security/tutorial005_py39.py" = ["B904"] +"docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008b.py" = ["B904"] +"docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008b_an.py" = ["B904"] +"docs_src/dependencies/tutorial008b_an_py39.py" = ["B904"] + + +[tool.ruff.isort] +known-third-party = ["fastapi", "pydantic", "starlette"] + +[tool.ruff.pyupgrade] +# Preserve types, even if a file imports `from __future__ import annotations`. +keep-runtime-typing = true diff --git a/requirements-docs-tests.txt b/requirements-docs-tests.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b82df4933 --- /dev/null +++ b/requirements-docs-tests.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +# For mkdocstrings and tests +httpx >=0.23.0,<0.25.0 diff --git a/requirements-docs.txt b/requirements-docs.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..28408a9f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/requirements-docs.txt @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +-e . +-r requirements-docs-tests.txt +mkdocs-material==9.4.7 +mdx-include >=1.4.1,<2.0.0 +mkdocs-markdownextradata-plugin >=0.1.7,<0.3.0 +mkdocs-redirects>=1.2.1,<1.3.0 +typer-cli >=0.0.13,<0.0.14 +typer[all] >=0.6.1,<0.8.0 +pyyaml >=5.3.1,<7.0.0 +# For Material for MkDocs, Chinese search +jieba==0.42.1 +# For image processing by Material for MkDocs +pillow==10.1.0 +# For image processing by Material for MkDocs +cairosvg==2.7.0 +mkdocstrings[python]==0.23.0 +griffe-typingdoc==0.2.2 +# For griffe, it formats with black +black==23.3.0 diff --git a/requirements-tests.txt b/requirements-tests.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a5586c5ce --- /dev/null +++ b/requirements-tests.txt @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +-e . +-r requirements-docs-tests.txt +pydantic-settings >=2.0.0 +pytest >=7.1.3,<8.0.0 +coverage[toml] >= 6.5.0,< 8.0 +mypy ==1.4.1 +ruff ==0.1.2 +email_validator >=1.1.1,<3.0.0 +dirty-equals ==0.6.0 +# TODO: once removing databases from tutorial, upgrade SQLAlchemy +# probably when including SQLModel +sqlalchemy >=1.3.18,<1.4.43 +databases[sqlite] >=0.3.2,<0.7.0 +orjson >=3.2.1,<4.0.0 +ujson >=4.0.1,!=4.0.2,!=4.1.0,!=4.2.0,!=4.3.0,!=5.0.0,!=5.1.0,<6.0.0 +python-multipart >=0.0.7,<0.1.0 +flask >=1.1.2,<3.0.0 +anyio[trio] >=3.2.1,<4.0.0 +python-jose[cryptography] >=3.3.0,<4.0.0 +pyyaml >=5.3.1,<7.0.0 +passlib[bcrypt] >=1.7.2,<2.0.0 + +# types +types-ujson ==5.7.0.1 +types-orjson ==3.6.2 diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ef25ec483 --- /dev/null +++ b/requirements.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +-e .[all] +-r requirements-tests.txt +-r requirements-docs.txt +uvicorn[standard] >=0.12.0,<0.23.0 +pre-commit >=2.17.0,<4.0.0 +# For generating screenshots +playwright diff --git a/scripts/build-docs.sh b/scripts/build-docs.sh index 383ad3f44..7aa0a9a47 100755 --- a/scripts/build-docs.sh +++ b/scripts/build-docs.sh @@ -3,4 +3,6 @@ set -e set -x +# Check README.md is up to date +python ./scripts/docs.py verify-docs python ./scripts/docs.py build-all diff --git a/scripts/docs.py b/scripts/docs.py index 40569e193..59578a820 100644 --- a/scripts/docs.py +++ b/scripts/docs.py @@ -1,10 +1,15 @@ +import json +import logging import os import re import shutil +import subprocess +from functools import lru_cache from http.server import HTTPServer, SimpleHTTPRequestHandler +from importlib import metadata from multiprocessing import Pool from pathlib import Path -from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple +from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union import mkdocs.commands.build import mkdocs.commands.serve @@ -14,6 +19,8 @@ import typer import yaml from jinja2 import Template +logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO) + app = typer.Typer() mkdocs_name = "mkdocs.yml" @@ -25,22 +32,27 @@ missing_translation_snippet = """ docs_path = Path("docs") en_docs_path = Path("docs/en") en_config_path: Path = en_docs_path / mkdocs_name +site_path = Path("site").absolute() +build_site_path = Path("site_build").absolute() -def get_en_config() -> dict: +@lru_cache +def is_mkdocs_insiders() -> bool: + version = metadata.version("mkdocs-material") + return "insiders" in version + + +def get_en_config() -> Dict[str, Any]: return mkdocs.utils.yaml_load(en_config_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")) -def get_lang_paths(): +def get_lang_paths() -> List[Path]: return sorted(docs_path.iterdir()) -def lang_callback(lang: Optional[str]): +def lang_callback(lang: Optional[str]) -> Union[str, None]: if lang is None: - return - if not lang.isalpha() or len(lang) != 2: - typer.echo("Use a 2 letter language code, like: es") - raise typer.Abort() + return None lang = lang.lower() return lang @@ -52,53 +64,26 @@ def complete_existing_lang(incomplete: str): yield lang_path.name -def get_base_lang_config(lang: str): - en_config = get_en_config() - fastapi_url_base = "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/" - new_config = en_config.copy() - new_config["site_url"] = en_config["site_url"] + f"{lang}/" - new_config["theme"]["logo"] = fastapi_url_base + en_config["theme"]["logo"] - new_config["theme"]["favicon"] = fastapi_url_base + en_config["theme"]["favicon"] - new_config["theme"]["language"] = lang - new_config["nav"] = en_config["nav"][:2] - extra_css = [] - css: str - for css in en_config["extra_css"]: - if css.startswith("http"): - extra_css.append(css) - else: - extra_css.append(fastapi_url_base + css) - new_config["extra_css"] = extra_css - - extra_js = [] - js: str - for js in en_config["extra_javascript"]: - if js.startswith("http"): - extra_js.append(js) - else: - extra_js.append(fastapi_url_base + js) - new_config["extra_javascript"] = extra_js - return new_config +@app.callback() +def callback() -> None: + if is_mkdocs_insiders(): + os.environ["INSIDERS_FILE"] = "../en/mkdocs.insiders.yml" + # For MacOS with insiders and Cairo + os.environ["DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH"] = "/opt/homebrew/lib" @app.command() def new_lang(lang: str = typer.Argument(..., callback=lang_callback)): """ Generate a new docs translation directory for the language LANG. - - LANG should be a 2-letter language code, like: en, es, de, pt, etc. """ new_path: Path = Path("docs") / lang if new_path.exists(): typer.echo(f"The language was already created: {lang}") raise typer.Abort() new_path.mkdir() - new_config = get_base_lang_config(lang) new_config_path: Path = Path(new_path) / mkdocs_name - new_config_path.write_text( - yaml.dump(new_config, sort_keys=False, width=200, allow_unicode=True), - encoding="utf-8", - ) + new_config_path.write_text("INHERIT: ../en/mkdocs.yml\n", encoding="utf-8") new_config_docs_path: Path = new_path / "docs" new_config_docs_path.mkdir() en_index_path: Path = en_docs_path / "docs" / "index.md" @@ -106,101 +91,44 @@ def new_lang(lang: str = typer.Argument(..., callback=lang_callback)): en_index_content = en_index_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8") new_index_content = f"{missing_translation_snippet}\n\n{en_index_content}" new_index_path.write_text(new_index_content, encoding="utf-8") - new_overrides_gitignore_path = new_path / "overrides" / ".gitignore" - new_overrides_gitignore_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) - new_overrides_gitignore_path.write_text("") typer.secho(f"Successfully initialized: {new_path}", color=typer.colors.GREEN) - update_languages(lang=None) + update_languages() @app.command() def build_lang( lang: str = typer.Argument( ..., callback=lang_callback, autocompletion=complete_existing_lang - ) -): + ), +) -> None: """ - Build the docs for a language, filling missing pages with translation notifications. + Build the docs for a language. """ + insiders_env_file = os.environ.get("INSIDERS_FILE") + print(f"Insiders file {insiders_env_file}") + if is_mkdocs_insiders(): + print("Using insiders") lang_path: Path = Path("docs") / lang if not lang_path.is_dir(): typer.echo(f"The language translation doesn't seem to exist yet: {lang}") raise typer.Abort() typer.echo(f"Building docs for: {lang}") - build_dir_path = Path("docs_build") - build_dir_path.mkdir(exist_ok=True) - build_lang_path = build_dir_path / lang - en_lang_path = Path("docs/en") - site_path = Path("site").absolute() + build_site_dist_path = build_site_path / lang if lang == "en": dist_path = site_path + # Don't remove en dist_path as it might already contain other languages. + # When running build_all(), that function already removes site_path. + # All this is only relevant locally, on GitHub Actions all this is done through + # artifacts and multiple workflows, so it doesn't matter if directories are + # removed or not. else: - dist_path: Path = site_path / lang - shutil.rmtree(build_lang_path, ignore_errors=True) - shutil.copytree(lang_path, build_lang_path) - shutil.copytree(en_docs_path / "data", build_lang_path / "data") - overrides_src = en_docs_path / "overrides" - overrides_dest = build_lang_path / "overrides" - for path in overrides_src.iterdir(): - dest_path = overrides_dest / path.name - if not dest_path.exists(): - shutil.copy(path, dest_path) - en_config_path: Path = en_lang_path / mkdocs_name - en_config: dict = mkdocs.utils.yaml_load(en_config_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")) - nav = en_config["nav"] - lang_config_path: Path = lang_path / mkdocs_name - lang_config: dict = mkdocs.utils.yaml_load( - lang_config_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8") - ) - lang_nav = lang_config["nav"] - # Exclude first 2 entries FastAPI and Languages, for custom handling - use_nav = nav[2:] - lang_use_nav = lang_nav[2:] - file_to_nav = get_file_to_nav_map(use_nav) - sections = get_sections(use_nav) - lang_file_to_nav = get_file_to_nav_map(lang_use_nav) - use_lang_file_to_nav = get_file_to_nav_map(lang_use_nav) - for file in file_to_nav: - file_path = Path(file) - lang_file_path: Path = build_lang_path / "docs" / file_path - en_file_path: Path = en_lang_path / "docs" / file_path - lang_file_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) - if not lang_file_path.is_file(): - en_text = en_file_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8") - lang_text = get_text_with_translate_missing(en_text) - lang_file_path.write_text(lang_text, encoding="utf-8") - file_key = file_to_nav[file] - use_lang_file_to_nav[file] = file_key - if file_key: - composite_key = () - new_key = () - for key_part in file_key: - composite_key += (key_part,) - key_first_file = sections[composite_key] - if key_first_file in lang_file_to_nav: - new_key = lang_file_to_nav[key_first_file] - else: - new_key += (key_part,) - use_lang_file_to_nav[file] = new_key - key_to_section = {(): []} - for file, orig_file_key in file_to_nav.items(): - if file in use_lang_file_to_nav: - file_key = use_lang_file_to_nav[file] - else: - file_key = orig_file_key - section = get_key_section(key_to_section=key_to_section, key=file_key) - section.append(file) - new_nav = key_to_section[()] - export_lang_nav = [lang_nav[0], nav[1]] + new_nav - lang_config["nav"] = export_lang_nav - build_lang_config_path: Path = build_lang_path / mkdocs_name - build_lang_config_path.write_text( - yaml.dump(lang_config, sort_keys=False, width=200, allow_unicode=True), - encoding="utf-8", - ) + dist_path = site_path / lang + shutil.rmtree(dist_path, ignore_errors=True) current_dir = os.getcwd() - os.chdir(build_lang_path) - mkdocs.commands.build.build(mkdocs.config.load_config(site_dir=str(dist_path))) + os.chdir(lang_path) + shutil.rmtree(build_site_dist_path, ignore_errors=True) + subprocess.run(["mkdocs", "build", "--site-dir", build_site_dist_path], check=True) + shutil.copytree(build_site_dist_path, dist_path, dirs_exist_ok=True) os.chdir(current_dir) typer.secho(f"Successfully built docs for: {lang}", color=typer.colors.GREEN) @@ -217,27 +145,31 @@ index_sponsors_template = """ """ -def generate_readme_content(): +def generate_readme_content() -> str: en_index = en_docs_path / "docs" / "index.md" content = en_index.read_text("utf-8") + match_pre = re.search(r"\n\n", content) match_start = re.search(r"", content) match_end = re.search(r"", content) sponsors_data_path = en_docs_path / "data" / "sponsors.yml" sponsors = mkdocs.utils.yaml_load(sponsors_data_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")) if not (match_start and match_end): raise RuntimeError("Couldn't auto-generate sponsors section") + if not match_pre: + raise RuntimeError("Couldn't find pre section (