✨ Add reference (code API) docs with PEP 727, add subclass with custom docstrings for `BackgroundTasks`, refactor docs structure (#10392)

* ➕ Add mkdocstrings and griffe-typingdoc to dependencies

* 🔧 Add mkdocstrings configs to MkDocs

* 📝 Add first WIP reference page

* ⬆️ Upgrade typing-extensions to the minimum version including Doc()

* 📝 Add docs to FastAPI parameters

* 📝 Add docstrings for OpenAPI docs utils

* 📝 Add docstrings for security utils

* 📝 Add docstrings for UploadFile

* 📝 Update docstrings in FastAPI class

* 📝 Add docstrings for path operation methods

* 📝 Add docstring for jsonable_encoder

* 📝 Add docstrings for exceptions

* 📝 Add docstsrings for parameter functions

* 📝 Add docstrings for responses

* 📝 Add docstrings for APIRouter

* ♻️ Sub-class BackgroundTasks to document it with docstrings

* 📝 Update usage of background tasks in dependencies

* ✅ Update tests with new deprecation warnings

* 📝 Add new reference docs

* 🔧 Update MkDocs with new reference docs

* ✅ Update pytest fixture, deprecation is raised only once

* 🎨 Update format for types in exceptions.py

* ♻️ Update annotations in BackgroundTask, `Annotated` can't take ParamSpec's P.args or P.kwargs

* ✏️ Fix typos caught by @pawamoy

* 🔧 Update and fix MkDocstrings configs from @pawamoy tips

* 📝 Update reference docs

* ✏️ Fix typos found by @pawamoy

* ➕ Add HTTPX as a dependency for docs, for the TestClient

* 🔧 Update MkDocs config, rename websockets reference

* 🔇 Add type-ignores for Doc as the stubs haven't been released for mypy

* 🔥 Remove duplicated deprecated notice

* 🔇 Remove typing error for unreleased stub in openapi/docs.py

* ✅ Add tests for UploadFile for coverage

* ⬆️ Upgrade griffe-typingdoc==0.2.2

* 📝 Refactor docs structure

* 🔨 Update README generation with new index frontmatter and style

* 🔨 Update generation of languages, remove from top menu, keep in lang menu

* 📝 Add OpenAPI Pydantic models

* 🔨 Update docs script to not translate Reference and Release Notes

* 🔧 Add reference for OpenAPI models

* 🔧 Update MkDocs config for mkdocstrings insiders

* 👷 Install mkdocstring insiders in CI for docs

* 🐛 Fix MkDocstrings insiders install URL

* ➕ Move dependencies shared by docs and tests to its own requirements file

* 👷 Update cache keys for test and docs dependencies

* 📝 Remove no longer needed __init__ placeholder docstrings

* 📝 Move docstring for APIRouter to the class level (not __init__ level)

* 🔥 Remove no longer needed dummy placeholder __init__ docstring

.github/workflows/build-docs.yml

@@ -44,14 +44,17 @@ jobs:
         id: cache
         with:
           path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-docs-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml', 'requirements-docs.txt') }}-v06
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-docs-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml', 'requirements-docs.txt', 'requirements-docs-tests.txt') }}-v06
       - name: Install docs extras
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: pip install -r requirements-docs.txt
       # Install MkDocs Material Insiders here just to put it in the cache for the rest of the steps
       - name: Install Material for MkDocs Insiders
         if: ( github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork == false ) && steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: pip install git+https://${{ secrets.FASTAPI_MKDOCS_MATERIAL_INSIDERS }}@github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material-insiders.git
+        run: |
+          pip install git+https://${{ secrets.FASTAPI_MKDOCS_MATERIAL_INSIDERS }}@github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material-insiders.git
+          pip install git+https://${{ secrets.FASTAPI_MKDOCS_MATERIAL_INSIDERS }}@github.com/pawamoy-insiders/griffe-typing-deprecated.git
+          pip install git+https://${{ secrets.FASTAPI_MKDOCS_MATERIAL_INSIDERS }}@github.com/pawamoy-insiders/mkdocstrings-python.git
       - name: Export Language Codes
         id: show-langs
         run: |
@@ -80,13 +83,16 @@ jobs:
         id: cache
         with:
           path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-docs-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml', 'requirements-docs.txt') }}-v06
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-docs-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml', 'requirements-docs.txt', 'requirements-docs-tests.txt') }}-v06
       - name: Install docs extras
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: pip install -r requirements-docs.txt
       - name: Install Material for MkDocs Insiders
         if: ( github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork == false ) && steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: pip install git+https://${{ secrets.FASTAPI_MKDOCS_MATERIAL_INSIDERS }}@github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material-insiders.git
+        run: |
+          pip install git+https://${{ secrets.FASTAPI_MKDOCS_MATERIAL_INSIDERS }}@github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material-insiders.git
+          pip install git+https://${{ secrets.FASTAPI_MKDOCS_MATERIAL_INSIDERS }}@github.com/pawamoy-insiders/griffe-typing-deprecated.git
+          pip install git+https://${{ secrets.FASTAPI_MKDOCS_MATERIAL_INSIDERS }}@github.com/pawamoy-insiders/mkdocstrings-python.git
       - name: Update Languages
         run: python ./scripts/docs.py update-languages
       - uses: actions/cache@v3

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
         id: cache
         with:
           path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-pydantic-v2-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml', 'requirements-tests.txt') }}-test-v06
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-pydantic-v2-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml', 'requirements-tests.txt', 'requirements-docs-tests.txt') }}-test-v06
       - name: Install Dependencies
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: pip install -r requirements-tests.txt
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
         id: cache
         with:
           path: ${{ env.pythonLocation }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ matrix.pydantic-version }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml', 'requirements-tests.txt') }}-test-v06
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-${{ env.pythonLocation }}-${{ matrix.pydantic-version }}-${{ hashFiles('pyproject.toml', 'requirements-tests.txt', 'requirements-docs-tests.txt') }}-test-v06
       - name: Install Dependencies
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: pip install -r requirements-tests.txt

docs/en/docs/about/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# About
+
+About FastAPI, its design, inspiration and more. 🤓

docs/en/docs/fastapi-people.md

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+---
+hide:
+  - navigation
+---
+
 # FastAPI People
 
 FastAPI has an amazing community that welcomes people from all backgrounds.

docs/en/docs/features.md

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+---
+hide:
+  - navigation
+---
+
 # Features
 
 ## FastAPI features

docs/en/docs/help/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Help
+
+Help and get help, contribute, get involved. 🤝

docs/en/docs/index.md

@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+---
+hide:
+  - navigation
+---
+
+<style>
+.md-content .md-typeset h1 { display: none; }
+</style>
+
 <p align="center">
   <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com"><img src="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png" alt="FastAPI"></a>
 </p>

docs/en/docs/learn/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Learn
+
+Here are the introductory sections and the tutorials to learn **FastAPI**.
+
+You could consider this a **book**, a **course**, the **official** and recommended way to learn FastAPI. 😎

docs/en/docs/reference/apirouter.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# `APIRouter` class
+
+Here's the reference information for the `APIRouter` class, with all its parameters,
+attributes and methods.
+
+You can import the `APIRouter` class directly from `fastapi`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi import APIRouter
+```
+
+::: fastapi.APIRouter
+    options:
+        members:
+            - websocket
+            - include_router
+            - get
+            - put
+            - post
+            - delete
+            - options
+            - head
+            - patch
+            - trace
+            - on_event

docs/en/docs/reference/background.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Background Tasks - `BackgroundTasks`
+
+You can declare a parameter in a *path operation function* or dependency function
+with the type `BackgroundTasks`, and then you can use it to schedule the execution
+of background tasks after the response is sent.
+
+You can import it directly from `fastapi`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi import BackgroundTasks
+```
+
+::: fastapi.BackgroundTasks

docs/en/docs/reference/dependencies.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Dependencies - `Depends()` and `Security()`
+
+## `Depends()`
+
+Dependencies are handled mainly with the special function `Depends()` that takes a
+callable.
+
+Here is the reference for it and its parameters.
+
+You can import it directly from `fastapi`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi import Depends
+```
+
+::: fastapi.Depends
+
+## `Security()`
+
+For many scenarios, you can handle security (authorization, authentication, etc.) with
+dependendencies, using `Depends()`.
+
+But when you want to also declare OAuth2 scopes, you can use `Security()` instead of
+`Depends()`.
+
+You can import `Security()` directly from `fastapi`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi import Security
+```
+
+::: fastapi.Security

docs/en/docs/reference/encoders.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Encoders - `jsonable_encoder`
+
+::: fastapi.encoders.jsonable_encoder

docs/en/docs/reference/exceptions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Exceptions - `HTTPException` and `WebSocketException`
+
+These are the exceptions that you can raise to show errors to the client.
+
+When you raise an exception, as would happen with normal Python, the rest of the
+excecution is aborted. This way you can raise these exceptions from anywhere in the
+code to abort a request and show the error to the client.
+
+You can use:
+
+* `HTTPException`
+* `WebSocketException`
+
+These exceptions can be imported directly from `fastapi`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi import HTTPException, WebSocketException
+```
+
+::: fastapi.HTTPException
+
+::: fastapi.WebSocketException

docs/en/docs/reference/fastapi.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# `FastAPI` class
+
+Here's the reference information for the `FastAPI` class, with all its parameters,
+attributes and methods.
+
+You can import the `FastAPI` class directly from `fastapi`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+```
+
+::: fastapi.FastAPI
+    options:
+        members:
+            - openapi_version
+            - webhooks
+            - state
+            - dependency_overrides
+            - openapi
+            - websocket
+            - include_router
+            - get
+            - put
+            - post
+            - delete
+            - options
+            - head
+            - patch
+            - trace
+            - on_event
+            - middleware
+            - exception_handler

docs/en/docs/reference/httpconnection.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# `HTTPConnection` class
+
+When you want to define dependencies that should be compatible with both HTTP and
+WebSockets, you can define a parameter that takes an `HTTPConnection` instead of a
+`Request` or a `WebSocket`.
+
+You can import it from `fastapi.requests`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi.requests import HTTPConnection
+```
+
+::: fastapi.requests.HTTPConnection

docs/en/docs/reference/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Reference - Code API
+
+Here's the reference or code API, the classes, functions, parameters, attributes, and
+all the FastAPI parts you can use in you applications.
+
+If you want to **learn FastAPI** you are much better off reading the
+[FastAPI Tutorial](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/).

docs/en/docs/reference/middleware.md

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Middleware
+
+There are several middlewares available provided by Starlette directly.
+
+Read more about them in the
+[FastAPI docs for Middleware](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/middleware/).
+
+::: fastapi.middleware.cors.CORSMiddleware
+
+It can be imported from `fastapi`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
+```
+
+::: fastapi.middleware.gzip.GZipMiddleware
+
+It can be imported from `fastapi`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi.middleware.gzip import GZipMiddleware
+```
+
+::: fastapi.middleware.httpsredirect.HTTPSRedirectMiddleware
+
+It can be imported from `fastapi`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi.middleware.httpsredirect import HTTPSRedirectMiddleware
+```
+
+::: fastapi.middleware.trustedhost.TrustedHostMiddleware
+
+It can be imported from `fastapi`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi.middleware.trustedhost import TrustedHostMiddleware
+```
+
+::: fastapi.middleware.wsgi.WSGIMiddleware
+
+It can be imported from `fastapi`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi.middleware.wsgi import WSGIMiddleware
+```

docs/en/docs/reference/openapi/docs.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# OpenAPI `docs`
+
+Utilities to handle OpenAPI automatic UI documentation, including Swagger UI (by default at `/docs`) and ReDoc (by default at `/redoc`).
+
+::: fastapi.openapi.docs.get_swagger_ui_html
+
+::: fastapi.openapi.docs.get_redoc_html
+
+::: fastapi.openapi.docs.get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html
+
+::: fastapi.openapi.docs.swagger_ui_default_parameters

docs/en/docs/reference/openapi/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# OpenAPI
+
+There are several utilities to handle OpenAPI.
+
+You normally don't need to use them unless you have a specific advanced use case that requires it.

docs/en/docs/reference/openapi/models.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# OpenAPI `models`
+
+OpenAPI Pydantic models used to generate and validate the generated OpenAPI.
+
+::: fastapi.openapi.models

docs/en/docs/reference/parameters.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Request Parameters
+
+Here's the reference information for the request parameters.
+
+These are the special functions that you can put in *path operation function*
+parameters or dependency functions with `Annotated` to get data from the request.
+
+It includes:
+
+* `Query()`
+* `Path()`
+* `Body()`
+* `Cookie()`
+* `Header()`
+* `Form()`
+* `File()`
+
+You can import them all directly from `fastapi`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi import Body, Cookie, File, Form, Header, Path, Query
+```
+
+::: fastapi.Query
+
+::: fastapi.Path
+
+::: fastapi.Body
+
+::: fastapi.Cookie
+
+::: fastapi.Header
+
+::: fastapi.Form
+
+::: fastapi.File

docs/en/docs/reference/request.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# `Request` class
+
+You can declare a parameter in a *path operation function* or dependency to be of type
+`Request` and then you can access the raw request object directly, without any
+validation, etc.
+
+You can import it directly from `fastapi`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi import Request
+```
+
+!!! tip
+    When you want to define dependencies that should be compatible with both HTTP and
+    WebSockets, you can define a parameter that takes an `HTTPConnection` instead of a
+    `Request` or a `WebSocket`.
+
+::: fastapi.Request

docs/en/docs/reference/response.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# `Response` class
+
+You can declare a parameter in a *path operation function* or dependency to be of type
+`Response` and then you can set data for the response like headers or cookies.
+
+You can also use it directly to create an instance of it and return it from your *path
+operations*.
+
+You can import it directly from `fastapi`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi import Response
+```
+
+::: fastapi.Response

docs/en/docs/reference/responses.md

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+# Custom Response Classes - File, HTML, Redirect, Streaming, etc.
+
+There are several custom response classes you can use to create an instance and return
+them directly from your *path operations*.
+
+Read more about it in the
+[FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/).
+
+You can import them directly from `fastapi.responses`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi.responses import (
+    FileResponse,
+    HTMLResponse,
+    JSONResponse,
+    ORJSONResponse,
+    PlainTextResponse,
+    RedirectResponse,
+    Response,
+    StreamingResponse,
+    UJSONResponse,
+)
+```
+
+## FastAPI Responses
+
+There are a couple of custom FastAPI response classes, you can use them to optimize JSON performance.
+
+::: fastapi.responses.UJSONResponse
+    options:
+        members:
+            - charset
+            - status_code
+            - media_type
+            - body
+            - background
+            - raw_headers
+            - render
+            - init_headers
+            - headers
+            - set_cookie
+            - delete_cookie
+
+::: fastapi.responses.ORJSONResponse
+    options:
+        members:
+            - charset
+            - status_code
+            - media_type
+            - body
+            - background
+            - raw_headers
+            - render
+            - init_headers
+            - headers
+            - set_cookie
+            - delete_cookie
+
+## Starlette Responses
+
+::: fastapi.responses.FileResponse
+    options:
+        members:
+            - chunk_size
+            - charset
+            - status_code
+            - media_type
+            - body
+            - background
+            - raw_headers
+            - render
+            - init_headers
+            - headers
+            - set_cookie
+            - delete_cookie
+
+::: fastapi.responses.HTMLResponse
+    options:
+        members:
+            - charset
+            - status_code
+            - media_type
+            - body
+            - background
+            - raw_headers
+            - render
+            - init_headers
+            - headers
+            - set_cookie
+            - delete_cookie
+
+::: fastapi.responses.JSONResponse
+    options:
+        members:
+            - charset
+            - status_code
+            - media_type
+            - body
+            - background
+            - raw_headers
+            - render
+            - init_headers
+            - headers
+            - set_cookie
+            - delete_cookie
+
+::: fastapi.responses.PlainTextResponse
+    options:
+        members:
+            - charset
+            - status_code
+            - media_type
+            - body
+            - background
+            - raw_headers
+            - render
+            - init_headers
+            - headers
+            - set_cookie
+            - delete_cookie
+
+::: fastapi.responses.RedirectResponse
+    options:
+        members:
+            - charset
+            - status_code
+            - media_type
+            - body
+            - background
+            - raw_headers
+            - render
+            - init_headers
+            - headers
+            - set_cookie
+            - delete_cookie
+
+::: fastapi.responses.Response
+    options:
+        members:
+            - charset
+            - status_code
+            - media_type
+            - body
+            - background
+            - raw_headers
+            - render
+            - init_headers
+            - headers
+            - set_cookie
+            - delete_cookie
+
+::: fastapi.responses.StreamingResponse
+    options:
+        members:
+            - body_iterator
+            - charset
+            - status_code
+            - media_type
+            - body
+            - background
+            - raw_headers
+            - render
+            - init_headers
+            - headers
+            - set_cookie
+            - delete_cookie

docs/en/docs/reference/security/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Security Tools
+
+When you need to declare dependencies with OAuth2 scopes you use `Security()`.
+
+But you still need to define what is the dependable, the callable that you pass as
+a parameter to `Depends()` or `Security()`.
+
+There are multiple tools that you can use to create those dependables, and they get
+integrated into OpenAPI so they are shown in the automatic docs UI, they can be used
+by automatically generated clients and SDKs, etc.
+
+You can import them from `fastapi.security`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi.security import (
+    APIKeyCookie,
+    APIKeyHeader,
+    APIKeyQuery,
+    HTTPAuthorizationCredentials,
+    HTTPBasic,
+    HTTPBasicCredentials,
+    HTTPBearer,
+    HTTPDigest,
+    OAuth2,
+    OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer,
+    OAuth2PasswordBearer,
+    OAuth2PasswordRequestForm,
+    OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict,
+    OpenIdConnect,
+    SecurityScopes,
+)
+```
+
+## API Key Security Schemes
+
+::: fastapi.security.APIKeyCookie
+
+::: fastapi.security.APIKeyHeader
+
+::: fastapi.security.APIKeyQuery
+
+## HTTP Authentication Schemes
+
+::: fastapi.security.HTTPBasic
+
+::: fastapi.security.HTTPBearer
+
+::: fastapi.security.HTTPDigest
+
+## HTTP Credentials
+
+::: fastapi.security.HTTPAuthorizationCredentials
+
+::: fastapi.security.HTTPBasicCredentials
+
+## OAuth2 Authentication
+
+::: fastapi.security.OAuth2
+
+::: fastapi.security.OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer
+
+::: fastapi.security.OAuth2PasswordBearer
+
+## OAuth2 Password Form
+
+::: fastapi.security.OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
+
+::: fastapi.security.OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict
+
+## OAuth2 Security Scopes in Dependencies
+
+::: fastapi.security.SecurityScopes
+
+## OpenID Connect
+
+::: fastapi.security.OpenIdConnect

docs/en/docs/reference/staticfiles.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Static Files - `StaticFiles`
+
+You can use the `StaticFiles` class to serve static files, like JavaScript, CSS, images, etc.
+
+Read more about it in the
+[FastAPI docs for Static Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/static-files/).
+
+You can import it directly from `fastapi.staticfiles`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
+```
+
+::: fastapi.staticfiles.StaticFiles

docs/en/docs/reference/status.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Status Codes
+
+You can import the `status` module from `fastapi`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi import status
+```
+
+`status` is provided directly by Starlette.
+
+It containes a group of named constants (variables) with integer status codes.
+
+For example:
+
+* 200: `status.HTTP_200_OK`
+* 403: `status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN`
+* etc.
+
+It can be convenient to quickly access HTTP (and WebSocket) status codes in your app,
+using autocompletion for the name without having to remember the integer status codes
+by memory.
+
+Read more about it in the
+[FastAPI docs about Response Status Code](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-status-code/).
+
+## Example
+
+```python
+from fastapi import FastAPI, status
+
+app = FastAPI()
+
+
+@app.get("/items/", status_code=status.HTTP_418_IM_A_TEAPOT)
+def read_items():
+    return [{"name": "Plumbus"}, {"name": "Portal Gun"}]
+```
+
+::: fastapi.status

docs/en/docs/reference/templating.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Templating - `Jinja2Templates`
+
+You can use the `Jinja2Templates` class to render Jinja templates.
+
+Read more about it in the
+[FastAPI docs for Templates](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/templates/).
+
+You can import it directly from `fastapi.templating`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates
+```
+
+::: fastapi.templating.Jinja2Templates

docs/en/docs/reference/testclient.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Test Client - `TestClient`
+
+You can use the `TestClient` class to test FastAPI applications without creating an actual HTTP and socket connection, just communicating directly with the FastAPI code.
+
+Read more about it in the
+[FastAPI docs for Testing](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/).
+
+You can import it directly from `fastapi.testclient`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+```
+
+::: fastapi.testclient.TestClient

docs/en/docs/reference/uploadfile.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# `UploadFile` class
+
+You can define *path operation function* parameters to be of the type `UploadFile`
+to receive files from the request.
+
+You can import it directly from `fastapi`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi import UploadFile
+```
+
+::: fastapi.UploadFile
+    options:
+        members:
+            - file
+            - filename
+            - size
+            - headers
+            - content_type
+            - read
+            - write
+            - seek
+            - close

docs/en/docs/reference/websockets.md

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# WebSockets
+
+When defining WebSockets, you normally declare a parameter of type `WebSocket` and
+with it you can read data from the client and send data to it.
+
+It is provided directly by Starlette, but you can import it from `fastapi`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi import WebSocket
+```
+
+!!! tip
+    When you want to define dependencies that should be compatible with both HTTP and
+    WebSockets, you can define a parameter that takes an `HTTPConnection` instead of a
+    `Request` or a `WebSocket`.
+
+::: fastapi.WebSocket
+    options:
+        members:
+            - scope
+            - app
+            - url
+            - base_url
+            - headers
+            - query_params
+            - path_params
+            - cookies
+            - client
+            - state
+            - url_for
+            - client_state
+            - application_state
+            - receive
+            - send
+            - accept
+            - receive_text
+            - receive_bytes
+            - receive_json
+            - iter_text
+            - iter_bytes
+            - iter_json
+            - send_text
+            - send_bytes
+            - send_json
+            - close
+
+When a client disconnects, a `WebSocketDisconnect` exception is raised, you can catch
+it.
+
+You can import it directly form `fastapi`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi import WebSocketDisconnect
+```
+
+::: fastapi.WebSocketDisconnect
+
+## WebSockets - additional classes
+
+Additional classes for handling WebSockets.
+
+Provided directly by Starlette, but you can import it from `fastapi`:
+
+```python
+from fastapi.websockets import WebSocketDisconnect, WebSocketState
+```
+
+::: fastapi.websockets.WebSocketDisconnect
+
+::: fastapi.websockets.WebSocketState

docs/en/docs/release-notes.md

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+---
+hide:
+  - navigation
+---
+
 # Release Notes
 
 ## Latest Changes

docs/en/docs/resources/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Resources
+
+Additional resources, external links, articles and more. ✈️

docs/en/mkdocs.yml

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ theme:
   - content.code.annotate
   - content.code.copy
   - content.code.select
+  - navigation.tabs
   icon:
     repo: fontawesome/brands/github-alt
   logo: img/icon-white.svg
@@ -52,142 +53,174 @@ plugins:
       advanced/custom-request-and-route.md: how-to/custom-request-and-route.md
       advanced/conditional-openapi.md: how-to/conditional-openapi.md
       advanced/extending-openapi.md: how-to/extending-openapi.md
+  mkdocstrings:
+    handlers:
+      python:
+        options:
+          extensions:
+            - griffe_typingdoc
+          show_root_heading: true
+          show_if_no_docstring: true
+          preload_modules: [httpx, starlette]
+          inherited_members: true
+          members_order: source
+          separate_signature: true
+          unwrap_annotated: true
+          filters: ["!^_"]
+          merge_init_into_class: true
+          docstring_section_style: spacy
+          signature_crossrefs: true
+          show_symbol_type_heading: true
+          show_symbol_type_toc: true
 nav:
 - FastAPI: index.md
-- Languages:
-  - en: /
-  - de: /de/
-  - em: /em/
-  - es: /es/
-  - fa: /fa/
-  - fr: /fr/
-  - he: /he/
-  - id: /id/
-  - ja: /ja/
-  - ko: /ko/
-  - pl: /pl/
-  - pt: /pt/
-  - ru: /ru/
-  - tr: /tr/
-  - uk: /uk/
-  - ur: /ur/
-  - vi: /vi/
-  - yo: /yo/
-  - zh: /zh/
 - features.md
+- Learn:
+  - learn/index.md
+  - python-types.md
+  - async.md
+  - Tutorial - User Guide:
+    - tutorial/index.md
+    - tutorial/first-steps.md
+    - tutorial/path-params.md
+    - tutorial/query-params.md
+    - tutorial/body.md
+    - tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md
+    - tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md
+    - tutorial/body-multiple-params.md
+    - tutorial/body-fields.md
+    - tutorial/body-nested-models.md
+    - tutorial/schema-extra-example.md
+    - tutorial/extra-data-types.md
+    - tutorial/cookie-params.md
+    - tutorial/header-params.md
+    - tutorial/response-model.md
+    - tutorial/extra-models.md
+    - tutorial/response-status-code.md
+    - tutorial/request-forms.md
+    - tutorial/request-files.md
+    - tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md
+    - tutorial/handling-errors.md
+    - tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md
+    - tutorial/encoder.md
+    - tutorial/body-updates.md
+    - Dependencies:
+      - tutorial/dependencies/index.md
+      - tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md
+      - tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md
+      - tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md
+      - tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies.md
+      - tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md
+    - Security:
+      - tutorial/security/index.md
+      - tutorial/security/first-steps.md
+      - tutorial/security/get-current-user.md
+      - tutorial/security/simple-oauth2.md
+      - tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md
+    - tutorial/middleware.md
+    - tutorial/cors.md
+    - tutorial/sql-databases.md
+    - tutorial/bigger-applications.md
+    - tutorial/background-tasks.md
+    - tutorial/metadata.md
+    - tutorial/static-files.md
+    - tutorial/testing.md
+    - tutorial/debugging.md
+  - Advanced User Guide:
+    - advanced/index.md
+    - advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md
+    - advanced/additional-status-codes.md
+    - advanced/response-directly.md
+    - advanced/custom-response.md
+    - advanced/additional-responses.md
+    - advanced/response-cookies.md
+    - advanced/response-headers.md
+    - advanced/response-change-status-code.md
+    - advanced/advanced-dependencies.md
+    - Advanced Security:
+      - advanced/security/index.md
+      - advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md
+      - advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md
+    - advanced/using-request-directly.md
+    - advanced/dataclasses.md
+    - advanced/middleware.md
+    - advanced/sub-applications.md
+    - advanced/behind-a-proxy.md
+    - advanced/templates.md
+    - advanced/websockets.md
+    - advanced/events.md
+    - advanced/testing-websockets.md
+    - advanced/testing-events.md
+    - advanced/testing-dependencies.md
+    - advanced/testing-database.md
+    - advanced/async-tests.md
+    - advanced/settings.md
+    - advanced/openapi-callbacks.md
+    - advanced/openapi-webhooks.md
+    - advanced/wsgi.md
+    - advanced/generate-clients.md
+  - Deployment:
+    - deployment/index.md
+    - deployment/versions.md
+    - deployment/https.md
+    - deployment/manually.md
+    - deployment/concepts.md
+    - deployment/cloud.md
+    - deployment/server-workers.md
+    - deployment/docker.md
+  - How To - Recipes:
+    - how-to/index.md
+    - how-to/general.md
+    - how-to/sql-databases-peewee.md
+    - how-to/async-sql-encode-databases.md
+    - how-to/nosql-databases-couchbase.md
+    - how-to/graphql.md
+    - how-to/custom-request-and-route.md
+    - how-to/conditional-openapi.md
+    - how-to/extending-openapi.md
+    - how-to/separate-openapi-schemas.md
+    - how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets.md
+    - how-to/configure-swagger-ui.md
+- Reference (Code API):
+  - reference/index.md
+  - reference/fastapi.md
+  - reference/parameters.md
+  - reference/status.md
+  - reference/uploadfile.md
+  - reference/exceptions.md
+  - reference/dependencies.md
+  - reference/apirouter.md
+  - reference/background.md
+  - reference/request.md
+  - reference/websockets.md
+  - reference/httpconnection.md
+  - reference/response.md
+  - reference/responses.md
+  - reference/middleware.md
+  - OpenAPI:
+    - reference/openapi/index.md
+    - reference/openapi/docs.md
+    - reference/openapi/models.md
+  - reference/security/index.md
+  - reference/encoders.md
+  - reference/staticfiles.md
+  - reference/templating.md
+  - reference/testclient.md
 - fastapi-people.md
-- python-types.md
-- Tutorial - User Guide:
-  - tutorial/index.md
-  - tutorial/first-steps.md
-  - tutorial/path-params.md
-  - tutorial/query-params.md
-  - tutorial/body.md
-  - tutorial/query-params-str-validations.md
-  - tutorial/path-params-numeric-validations.md
-  - tutorial/body-multiple-params.md
-  - tutorial/body-fields.md
-  - tutorial/body-nested-models.md
-  - tutorial/schema-extra-example.md
-  - tutorial/extra-data-types.md
-  - tutorial/cookie-params.md
-  - tutorial/header-params.md
-  - tutorial/response-model.md
-  - tutorial/extra-models.md
-  - tutorial/response-status-code.md
-  - tutorial/request-forms.md
-  - tutorial/request-files.md
-  - tutorial/request-forms-and-files.md
-  - tutorial/handling-errors.md
-  - tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md
-  - tutorial/encoder.md
-  - tutorial/body-updates.md
-  - Dependencies:
-    - tutorial/dependencies/index.md
-    - tutorial/dependencies/classes-as-dependencies.md
-    - tutorial/dependencies/sub-dependencies.md
-    - tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators.md
-    - tutorial/dependencies/global-dependencies.md
-    - tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-with-yield.md
-  - Security:
-    - tutorial/security/index.md
-    - tutorial/security/first-steps.md
-    - tutorial/security/get-current-user.md
-    - tutorial/security/simple-oauth2.md
-    - tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md
-  - tutorial/middleware.md
-  - tutorial/cors.md
-  - tutorial/sql-databases.md
-  - tutorial/bigger-applications.md
-  - tutorial/background-tasks.md
-  - tutorial/metadata.md
-  - tutorial/static-files.md
-  - tutorial/testing.md
-  - tutorial/debugging.md
-- Advanced User Guide:
-  - advanced/index.md
-  - advanced/path-operation-advanced-configuration.md
-  - advanced/additional-status-codes.md
-  - advanced/response-directly.md
-  - advanced/custom-response.md
-  - advanced/additional-responses.md
-  - advanced/response-cookies.md
-  - advanced/response-headers.md
-  - advanced/response-change-status-code.md
-  - advanced/advanced-dependencies.md
-  - Advanced Security:
-    - advanced/security/index.md
-    - advanced/security/oauth2-scopes.md
-    - advanced/security/http-basic-auth.md
-  - advanced/using-request-directly.md
-  - advanced/dataclasses.md
-  - advanced/middleware.md
-  - advanced/sub-applications.md
-  - advanced/behind-a-proxy.md
-  - advanced/templates.md
-  - advanced/websockets.md
-  - advanced/events.md
-  - advanced/testing-websockets.md
-  - advanced/testing-events.md
-  - advanced/testing-dependencies.md
-  - advanced/testing-database.md
-  - advanced/async-tests.md
-  - advanced/settings.md
-  - advanced/openapi-callbacks.md
-  - advanced/openapi-webhooks.md
-  - advanced/wsgi.md
-  - advanced/generate-clients.md
-- async.md
-- Deployment:
-  - deployment/index.md
-  - deployment/versions.md
-  - deployment/https.md
-  - deployment/manually.md
-  - deployment/concepts.md
-  - deployment/cloud.md
-  - deployment/server-workers.md
-  - deployment/docker.md
-- How To - Recipes:
-  - how-to/index.md
-  - how-to/general.md
-  - how-to/sql-databases-peewee.md
-  - how-to/async-sql-encode-databases.md
-  - how-to/nosql-databases-couchbase.md
-  - how-to/graphql.md
-  - how-to/custom-request-and-route.md
-  - how-to/conditional-openapi.md
-  - how-to/extending-openapi.md
-  - how-to/separate-openapi-schemas.md
-  - how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets.md
-  - how-to/configure-swagger-ui.md
-- project-generation.md
-- alternatives.md
-- history-design-future.md
-- external-links.md
-- benchmarks.md
-- help-fastapi.md
-- newsletter.md
-- contributing.md
+- Resources:
+  - resources/index.md
+  - project-generation.md
+  - external-links.md
+  - newsletter.md
+- About:
+  - about/index.md
+  - alternatives.md
+  - history-design-future.md
+  - benchmarks.md
+- Help:
+  - help/index.md
+  - help-fastapi.md
+  - contributing.md
 - release-notes.md
 markdown_extensions:
   toc:

fastapi/background.py

@@ -1 +1,59 @@
-from starlette.background import BackgroundTasks as BackgroundTasks  # noqa
+from typing import Any, Callable
+
+from starlette.background import BackgroundTasks as StarletteBackgroundTasks
+from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc, ParamSpec  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
+
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+
+
+class BackgroundTasks(StarletteBackgroundTasks):
+    """
+    A collection of background tasks that will be called after a response has been
+    sent to the client.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Background Tasks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/background-tasks/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, FastAPI
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+
+    def write_notification(email: str, message=""):
+        with open("log.txt", mode="w") as email_file:
+            content = f"notification for {email}: {message}"
+            email_file.write(content)
+
+
+    @app.post("/send-notification/{email}")
+    async def send_notification(email: str, background_tasks: BackgroundTasks):
+        background_tasks.add_task(write_notification, email, message="some notification")
+        return {"message": "Notification sent in the background"}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def add_task(
+        self,
+        func: Annotated[
+            Callable[P, Any],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The function to call after the response is sent.
+
+                It can be a regular `def` function or an `async def` function.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        *args: P.args,
+        **kwargs: P.kwargs,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Add a function to be called in the background after the response is sent.
+
+        Read more about it in the
+        [FastAPI docs for Background Tasks](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/background-tasks/).
+        """
+        return super().add_task(func, *args, **kwargs)

fastapi/datastructures.py

@@ -1,4 +1,14 @@
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, Type, TypeVar, cast
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    BinaryIO,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    Optional,
+    Type,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+)
 
 from fastapi._compat import (
     PYDANTIC_V2,
@@ -14,9 +24,120 @@ from starlette.datastructures import Headers as Headers  # noqa: F401
 from starlette.datastructures import QueryParams as QueryParams  # noqa: F401
 from starlette.datastructures import State as State  # noqa: F401
 from starlette.datastructures import UploadFile as StarletteUploadFile
+from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
 
 
 class UploadFile(StarletteUploadFile):
+    """
+    A file uploaded in a request.
+
+    Define it as a *path operation function* (or dependency) parameter.
+
+    If you are using a regular `def` function, you can use the `upload_file.file`
+    attribute to access the raw standard Python file (blocking, not async), useful and
+    needed for non-async code.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Request Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/request-files/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+
+    @app.post("/files/")
+    async def create_file(file: Annotated[bytes, File()]):
+        return {"file_size": len(file)}
+
+
+    @app.post("/uploadfile/")
+    async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile):
+        return {"filename": file.filename}
+    ```
+    """
+
+    file: Annotated[
+        BinaryIO,
+        Doc("The standard Python file object (non-async)."),
+    ]
+    filename: Annotated[Optional[str], Doc("The original file name.")]
+    size: Annotated[Optional[int], Doc("The size of the file in bytes.")]
+    headers: Annotated[Headers, Doc("The headers of the request.")]
+    content_type: Annotated[
+        Optional[str], Doc("The content type of the request, from the headers.")
+    ]
+
+    async def write(
+        self,
+        data: Annotated[
+            bytes,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The bytes to write to the file.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Write some bytes to the file.
+
+        You normally wouldn't use this from a file you read in a request.
+
+        To be awaitable, compatible with async, this is run in threadpool.
+        """
+        return await super().write(data)
+
+    async def read(
+        self,
+        size: Annotated[
+            int,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The number of bytes to read from the file.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = -1,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Read some bytes from the file.
+
+        To be awaitable, compatible with async, this is run in threadpool.
+        """
+        return await super().read(size)
+
+    async def seek(
+        self,
+        offset: Annotated[
+            int,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The position in bytes to seek to in the file.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Move to a position in the file.
+
+        Any next read or write will be done from that position.
+
+        To be awaitable, compatible with async, this is run in threadpool.
+        """
+        return await super().seek(offset)
+
+    async def close(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Close the file.
+
+        To be awaitable, compatible with async, this is run in threadpool.
+        """
+        return await super().close()
+
     @classmethod
     def __get_validators__(cls: Type["UploadFile"]) -> Iterable[Callable[..., Any]]:
         yield cls.validate

fastapi/dependencies/utils.py

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ from fastapi._compat import (
     serialize_sequence_value,
     value_is_sequence,
 )
+from fastapi.background import BackgroundTasks
 from fastapi.concurrency import (
     AsyncExitStack,
     asynccontextmanager,
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ from fastapi.security.oauth2 import OAuth2, SecurityScopes
 from fastapi.security.open_id_connect_url import OpenIdConnect
 from fastapi.utils import create_response_field, get_path_param_names
 from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo
-from starlette.background import BackgroundTasks
+from starlette.background import BackgroundTasks as StarletteBackgroundTasks
 from starlette.concurrency import run_in_threadpool
 from starlette.datastructures import FormData, Headers, QueryParams, UploadFile
 from starlette.requests import HTTPConnection, Request
@@ -305,7 +306,7 @@ def add_non_field_param_to_dependency(
     elif lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, Response):
         dependant.response_param_name = param_name
         return True
-    elif lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, BackgroundTasks):
+    elif lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, StarletteBackgroundTasks):
         dependant.background_tasks_param_name = param_name
         return True
     elif lenient_issubclass(type_annotation, SecurityScopes):
@@ -382,7 +383,14 @@ def analyze_param(
 
     if lenient_issubclass(
         type_annotation,
-        (Request, WebSocket, HTTPConnection, Response, BackgroundTasks, SecurityScopes),
+        (
+            Request,
+            WebSocket,
+            HTTPConnection,
+            Response,
+            StarletteBackgroundTasks,
+            SecurityScopes,
+        ),
     ):
         assert depends is None, f"Cannot specify `Depends` for type {type_annotation!r}"
         assert (
@@ -510,14 +518,14 @@ async def solve_dependencies(
     request: Union[Request, WebSocket],
     dependant: Dependant,
     body: Optional[Union[Dict[str, Any], FormData]] = None,
-    background_tasks: Optional[BackgroundTasks] = None,
+    background_tasks: Optional[StarletteBackgroundTasks] = None,
     response: Optional[Response] = None,
     dependency_overrides_provider: Optional[Any] = None,
     dependency_cache: Optional[Dict[Tuple[Callable[..., Any], Tuple[str]], Any]] = None,
 ) -> Tuple[
     Dict[str, Any],
     List[Any],
-    Optional[BackgroundTasks],
+    Optional[StarletteBackgroundTasks],
     Response,
     Dict[Tuple[Callable[..., Any], Tuple[str]], Any],
 ]:

fastapi/encoders.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from pydantic import BaseModel
 from pydantic.color import Color
 from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl, NameEmail
 from pydantic.types import SecretBytes, SecretStr
+from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
 
 from ._compat import PYDANTIC_V2, Url, _model_dump
 
@@ -99,16 +100,107 @@ encoders_by_class_tuples = generate_encoders_by_class_tuples(ENCODERS_BY_TYPE)
 
 
 def jsonable_encoder(
-    obj: Any,
-    include: Optional[IncEx] = None,
-    exclude: Optional[IncEx] = None,
-    by_alias: bool = True,
-    exclude_unset: bool = False,
-    exclude_defaults: bool = False,
-    exclude_none: bool = False,
-    custom_encoder: Optional[Dict[Any, Callable[[Any], Any]]] = None,
-    sqlalchemy_safe: bool = True,
+    obj: Annotated[
+        Any,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The input object to convert to JSON.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+    include: Annotated[
+        Optional[IncEx],
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `include` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to set the
+            fields to include.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    exclude: Annotated[
+        Optional[IncEx],
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `exclude` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to set the
+            fields to exclude.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    by_alias: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `by_alias` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to define if
+            the output should use the alias names (when provided) or the Python
+            attribute names. In an API, if you set an alias, it's probably because you
+            want to use it in the result, so you probably want to leave this set to
+            `True`.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
+    exclude_unset: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `exclude_unset` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to define
+            if it should exclude from the output the fields that were not explicitly
+            set (and that only had their default values).
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    exclude_defaults: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `exclude_defaults` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to define
+            if it should exclude from the output the fields that had the same default
+            value, even when they were explicitly set.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    exclude_none: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `exclude_none` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to define
+            if it should exclude from the output any fields that have a `None` value.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    custom_encoder: Annotated[
+        Optional[Dict[Any, Callable[[Any], Any]]],
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Pydantic's `custom_encoder` parameter, passed to Pydantic models to define
+            a custom encoder.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    sqlalchemy_safe: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Exclude from the output any fields that start with the name `_sa`.
+
+            This is mainly a hack for compatibility with SQLAlchemy objects, they
+            store internal SQLAlchemy-specific state in attributes named with `_sa`,
+            and those objects can't (and shouldn't be) serialized to JSON.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
 ) -> Any:
+    """
+    Convert any object to something that can be encoded in JSON.
+
+    This is used internally by FastAPI to make sure anything you return can be
+    encoded as JSON before it is sent to the client.
+
+    You can also use it yourself, for example to convert objects before saving them
+    in a database that supports only JSON.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for JSON Compatible Encoder](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/encoder/).
+    """
     custom_encoder = custom_encoder or {}
     if custom_encoder:
         if type(obj) in custom_encoder:

fastapi/exceptions.py

@@ -1,20 +1,141 @@
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Sequence, Type
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Sequence, Type, Union
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, create_model
 from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException as StarletteHTTPException
-from starlette.exceptions import WebSocketException as WebSocketException  # noqa: F401
+from starlette.exceptions import WebSocketException as StarletteWebSocketException
+from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
 
 
 class HTTPException(StarletteHTTPException):
+    """
+    An HTTP exception you can raise in your own code to show errors to the client.
+
+    This is for client errors, invalid authentication, invalid data, etc. Not for server
+    errors in your code.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Handling Errors](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/handling-errors/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    items = {"foo": "The Foo Wrestlers"}
+
+
+    @app.get("/items/{item_id}")
+    async def read_item(item_id: str):
+        if item_id not in items:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found")
+        return {"item": items[item_id]}
+    ```
+    """
+
     def __init__(
         self,
-        status_code: int,
-        detail: Any = None,
-        headers: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+        status_code: Annotated[
+            int,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                HTTP status code to send to the client.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        detail: Annotated[
+            Any,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Any data to be sent to the client in the `detail` key of the JSON
+                response.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        headers: Annotated[
+            Optional[Dict[str, str]],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Any headers to send to the client in the response.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(status_code=status_code, detail=detail, headers=headers)
 
 
+class WebSocketException(StarletteWebSocketException):
+    """
+    A WebSocket exception you can raise in your own code to show errors to the client.
+
+    This is for client errors, invalid authentication, invalid data, etc. Not for server
+    errors in your code.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for WebSockets](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import (
+        Cookie,
+        FastAPI,
+        WebSocket,
+        WebSocketException,
+        status,
+    )
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    @app.websocket("/items/{item_id}/ws")
+    async def websocket_endpoint(
+        *,
+        websocket: WebSocket,
+        session: Annotated[str | None, Cookie()] = None,
+        item_id: str,
+    ):
+        if session is None:
+            raise WebSocketException(code=status.WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION)
+        await websocket.accept()
+        while True:
+            data = await websocket.receive_text()
+            await websocket.send_text(f"Session cookie is: {session}")
+            await websocket.send_text(f"Message text was: {data}, for item ID: {item_id}")
+    ```
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        code: Annotated[
+            int,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A closing code from the
+                [valid codes defined in the specification](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-7.4.1).
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        reason: Annotated[
+            Union[str, None],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The reason to close the WebSocket connection.
+
+                It is UTF-8-encoded data. The interpretation of the reason is up to the
+                application, it is not specified by the WebSocket specification.
+
+                It could contain text that could be human-readable or interpretable
+                by the client code, etc.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(code=code, reason=reason)
+
+
 RequestErrorModel: Type[BaseModel] = create_model("Request")
 WebSocketErrorModel: Type[BaseModel] = create_model("WebSocket")
 

fastapi/openapi/docs.py

@@ -3,8 +3,18 @@ from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
 
 from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
 from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse
+from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
 
-swagger_ui_default_parameters = {
+swagger_ui_default_parameters: Annotated[
+    Dict[str, Any],
+    Doc(
+        """
+        Default configurations for Swagger UI.
+
+        You can use it as a template to add any other configurations needed.
+        """
+    ),
+] = {
     "dom_id": "#swagger-ui",
     "layout": "BaseLayout",
     "deepLinking": True,
@@ -15,15 +25,91 @@ swagger_ui_default_parameters = {
 
 def get_swagger_ui_html(
     *,
-    openapi_url: str,
-    title: str,
-    swagger_js_url: str = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swagger-ui-dist@5/swagger-ui-bundle.js",
-    swagger_css_url: str = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swagger-ui-dist@5/swagger-ui.css",
-    swagger_favicon_url: str = "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png",
-    oauth2_redirect_url: Optional[str] = None,
-    init_oauth: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-    swagger_ui_parameters: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+    openapi_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The OpenAPI URL that Swagger UI should load and use.
+
+            This is normally done automatically by FastAPI using the default URL
+            `/openapi.json`.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+    title: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The HTML `<title>` content, normally shown in the browser tab.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+    swagger_js_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The URL to use to load the Swagger UI JavaScript.
+
+            It is normally set to a CDN URL.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swagger-ui-dist@5/swagger-ui-bundle.js",
+    swagger_css_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The URL to use to load the Swagger UI CSS.
+
+            It is normally set to a CDN URL.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swagger-ui-dist@5/swagger-ui.css",
+    swagger_favicon_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The URL of the favicon to use. It is normally shown in the browser tab.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png",
+    oauth2_redirect_url: Annotated[
+        Optional[str],
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The OAuth2 redirect URL, it is normally automatically handled by FastAPI.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    init_oauth: Annotated[
+        Optional[Dict[str, Any]],
+        Doc(
+            """
+            A dictionary with Swagger UI OAuth2 initialization configurations.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    swagger_ui_parameters: Annotated[
+        Optional[Dict[str, Any]],
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Configuration parameters for Swagger UI.
+
+            It defaults to [swagger_ui_default_parameters][fastapi.openapi.docs.swagger_ui_default_parameters].
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = None,
 ) -> HTMLResponse:
+    """
+    Generate and return the HTML  that loads Swagger UI for the interactive
+    API docs (normally served at `/docs`).
+
+    You would only call this function yourself if you needed to override some parts,
+    for example the URLs to use to load Swagger UI's JavaScript and CSS.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Configure Swagger UI](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/configure-swagger-ui/)
+    and the [FastAPI docs for Custom Docs UI Static Assets (Self-Hosting)](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets/).
+    """
     current_swagger_ui_parameters = swagger_ui_default_parameters.copy()
     if swagger_ui_parameters:
         current_swagger_ui_parameters.update(swagger_ui_parameters)
@@ -74,12 +160,62 @@ def get_swagger_ui_html(
 
 def get_redoc_html(
     *,
-    openapi_url: str,
-    title: str,
-    redoc_js_url: str = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/redoc@next/bundles/redoc.standalone.js",
-    redoc_favicon_url: str = "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png",
-    with_google_fonts: bool = True,
+    openapi_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The OpenAPI URL that ReDoc should load and use.
+
+            This is normally done automatically by FastAPI using the default URL
+            `/openapi.json`.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+    title: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The HTML `<title>` content, normally shown in the browser tab.
+            """
+        ),
+    ],
+    redoc_js_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The URL to use to load the ReDoc JavaScript.
+
+            It is normally set to a CDN URL.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/redoc@next/bundles/redoc.standalone.js",
+    redoc_favicon_url: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The URL of the favicon to use. It is normally shown in the browser tab.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png",
+    with_google_fonts: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            Load and use Google Fonts.
+            """
+        ),
+    ] = True,
 ) -> HTMLResponse:
+    """
+    Generate and return the HTML response that loads ReDoc for the alternative
+    API docs (normally served at `/redoc`).
+
+    You would only call this function yourself if you needed to override some parts,
+    for example the URLs to use to load ReDoc's JavaScript and CSS.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Custom Docs UI Static Assets (Self-Hosting)](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/how-to/custom-docs-ui-assets/).
+    """
     html = f"""
     <!DOCTYPE html>
     <html>
@@ -118,6 +254,11 @@ def get_redoc_html(
 
 
 def get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html() -> HTMLResponse:
+    """
+    Generate the HTML response with the OAuth2 redirection for Swagger UI.
+
+    You normally don't need to use or change this.
+    """
     # copied from https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui/blob/v4.14.0/dist/oauth2-redirect.html
     html = """
     <!doctype html>

fastapi/responses.py

@@ -21,12 +21,26 @@ except ImportError:  # pragma: nocover
 
 
 class UJSONResponse(JSONResponse):
+    """
+    JSON response using the high-performance ujson library to serialize data to JSON.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/).
+    """
+
     def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes:
         assert ujson is not None, "ujson must be installed to use UJSONResponse"
         return ujson.dumps(content, ensure_ascii=False).encode("utf-8")
 
 
 class ORJSONResponse(JSONResponse):
+    """
+    JSON response using the high-performance orjson library to serialize data to JSON.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/).
+    """
+
     def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes:
         assert orjson is not None, "orjson must be installed to use ORJSONResponse"
         return orjson.dumps(

fastapi/security/api_key.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
 from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
 from starlette.requests import Request
 from starlette.status import HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
+from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
 
 
 class APIKeyBase(SecurityBase):
@@ -12,13 +13,83 @@ class APIKeyBase(SecurityBase):
 
 
 class APIKeyQuery(APIKeyBase):
+    """
+    API key authentication using a query parameter.
+
+    This defines the name of the query parameter that should be provided in the request
+    with the API key and integrates that into the OpenAPI documentation. It extracts
+    the key value sent in the query parameter automatically and provides it as the
+    dependency result. But it doesn't define how to send that API key to the client.
+
+    ## Usage
+
+    Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`.
+
+    The dependency result will be a string containing the key value.
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import APIKeyQuery
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    query_scheme = APIKeyQuery(name="api_key")
+
+
+    @app.get("/items/")
+    async def read_items(api_key: str = Depends(query_scheme)):
+        return {"api_key": api_key}
+    ```
+    """
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         *,
-        name: str,
-        scheme_name: Optional[str] = None,
-        description: Optional[str] = None,
-        auto_error: bool = True,
+        name: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc("Query parameter name."),
+        ],
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if the query parameter is not provided, `APIKeyQuery` will
+                automatically cancel the request and sebd the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the query parameter is not
+                available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be
+                `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in a query
+                parameter or in an HTTP Bearer token).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
     ):
         self.model: APIKey = APIKey(
             **{"in": APIKeyIn.query},  # type: ignore[arg-type]
@@ -41,13 +112,79 @@ class APIKeyQuery(APIKeyBase):
 
 
 class APIKeyHeader(APIKeyBase):
+    """
+    API key authentication using a header.
+
+    This defines the name of the header that should be provided in the request with
+    the API key and integrates that into the OpenAPI documentation. It extracts
+    the key value sent in the header automatically and provides it as the dependency
+    result. But it doesn't define how to send that key to the client.
+
+    ## Usage
+
+    Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`.
+
+    The dependency result will be a string containing the key value.
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import APIKeyHeader
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    header_scheme = APIKeyHeader(name="x-key")
+
+
+    @app.get("/items/")
+    async def read_items(key: str = Depends(header_scheme)):
+        return {"key": key}
+    ```
+    """
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         *,
-        name: str,
-        scheme_name: Optional[str] = None,
-        description: Optional[str] = None,
-        auto_error: bool = True,
+        name: Annotated[str, Doc("Header name.")],
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if the header is not provided, `APIKeyHeader` will
+                automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the header is not available,
+                instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in a header or
+                in an HTTP Bearer token).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
     ):
         self.model: APIKey = APIKey(
             **{"in": APIKeyIn.header},  # type: ignore[arg-type]
@@ -70,13 +207,79 @@ class APIKeyHeader(APIKeyBase):
 
 
 class APIKeyCookie(APIKeyBase):
+    """
+    API key authentication using a cookie.
+
+    This defines the name of the cookie that should be provided in the request with
+    the API key and integrates that into the OpenAPI documentation. It extracts
+    the key value sent in the cookie automatically and provides it as the dependency
+    result. But it doesn't define how to set that cookie.
+
+    ## Usage
+
+    Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`.
+
+    The dependency result will be a string containing the key value.
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import APIKeyCookie
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    cookie_scheme = APIKeyCookie(name="session")
+
+
+    @app.get("/items/")
+    async def read_items(session: str = Depends(cookie_scheme)):
+        return {"session": session}
+    ```
+    """
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         *,
-        name: str,
-        scheme_name: Optional[str] = None,
-        description: Optional[str] = None,
-        auto_error: bool = True,
+        name: Annotated[str, Doc("Cookie name.")],
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if the cookie is not provided, `APIKeyCookie` will
+                automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the cookie is not available,
+                instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in a cookie or
+                in an HTTP Bearer token).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
     ):
         self.model: APIKey = APIKey(
             **{"in": APIKeyIn.cookie},  # type: ignore[arg-type]

fastapi/security/http.py

@@ -10,16 +10,60 @@ from fastapi.security.utils import get_authorization_scheme_param
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 from starlette.requests import Request
 from starlette.status import HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
+from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
 
 
 class HTTPBasicCredentials(BaseModel):
-    username: str
-    password: str
+    """
+    The HTTP Basic credendials given as the result of using `HTTPBasic` in a
+    dependency.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for HTTP Basic Auth](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/security/http-basic-auth/).
+    """
+
+    username: Annotated[str, Doc("The HTTP Basic username.")]
+    password: Annotated[str, Doc("The HTTP Basic password.")]
 
 
 class HTTPAuthorizationCredentials(BaseModel):
-    scheme: str
-    credentials: str
+    """
+    The HTTP authorization credentials in the result of using `HTTPBearer` or
+    `HTTPDigest` in a dependency.
+
+    The HTTP authorization header value is split by the first space.
+
+    The first part is the `scheme`, the second part is the `credentials`.
+
+    For example, in an HTTP Bearer token scheme, the client will send a header
+    like:
+
+    ```
+    Authorization: Bearer deadbeef12346
+    ```
+
+    In this case:
+
+    * `scheme` will have the value `"Bearer"`
+    * `credentials` will have the value `"deadbeef12346"`
+    """
+
+    scheme: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The HTTP authorization scheme extracted from the header value.
+            """
+        ),
+    ]
+    credentials: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Doc(
+            """
+            The HTTP authorization credentials extracted from the header value.
+            """
+        ),
+    ]
 
 
 class HTTPBase(SecurityBase):
@@ -51,13 +95,89 @@ class HTTPBase(SecurityBase):
 
 
 class HTTPBasic(HTTPBase):
+    """
+    HTTP Basic authentication.
+
+    ## Usage
+
+    Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`.
+
+    The dependency result will be an `HTTPBasicCredentials` object containing the
+    `username` and the `password`.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for HTTP Basic Auth](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/security/http-basic-auth/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import HTTPBasic, HTTPBasicCredentials
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    security = HTTPBasic()
+
+
+    @app.get("/users/me")
+    def read_current_user(credentials: Annotated[HTTPBasicCredentials, Depends(security)]):
+        return {"username": credentials.username, "password": credentials.password}
+    ```
+    """
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         *,
-        scheme_name: Optional[str] = None,
-        realm: Optional[str] = None,
-        description: Optional[str] = None,
-        auto_error: bool = True,
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        realm: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                HTTP Basic authentication realm.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if the HTTP Basic authentication is not provided (a
+                header), `HTTPBasic` will automatically cancel the request and send the
+                client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Basic authentication
+                is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in HTTP Basic
+                authentication or in an HTTP Bearer token).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
     ):
         self.model = HTTPBaseModel(scheme="basic", description=description)
         self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
@@ -98,13 +218,81 @@ class HTTPBasic(HTTPBase):
 
 
 class HTTPBearer(HTTPBase):
+    """
+    HTTP Bearer token authentication.
+
+    ## Usage
+
+    Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`.
+
+    The dependency result will be an `HTTPAuthorizationCredentials` object containing
+    the `scheme` and the `credentials`.
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, HTTPBearer
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    security = HTTPBearer()
+
+
+    @app.get("/users/me")
+    def read_current_user(
+        credentials: Annotated[HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, Depends(security)]
+    ):
+        return {"scheme": credentials.scheme, "credentials": credentials.credentials}
+    ```
+    """
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         *,
-        bearerFormat: Optional[str] = None,
-        scheme_name: Optional[str] = None,
-        description: Optional[str] = None,
-        auto_error: bool = True,
+        bearerFormat: Annotated[Optional[str], Doc("Bearer token format.")] = None,
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if the HTTP Bearer token not provided (in an
+                `Authorization` header), `HTTPBearer` will automatically cancel the
+                request and send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Bearer token
+                is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in an HTTP
+                Bearer token or in a cookie).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
     ):
         self.model = HTTPBearerModel(bearerFormat=bearerFormat, description=description)
         self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
@@ -134,12 +322,79 @@ class HTTPBearer(HTTPBase):
 
 
 class HTTPDigest(HTTPBase):
+    """
+    HTTP Digest authentication.
+
+    ## Usage
+
+    Create an instance object and use that object as the dependency in `Depends()`.
+
+    The dependency result will be an `HTTPAuthorizationCredentials` object containing
+    the `scheme` and the `credentials`.
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, HTTPDigest
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    security = HTTPDigest()
+
+
+    @app.get("/users/me")
+    def read_current_user(
+        credentials: Annotated[HTTPAuthorizationCredentials, Depends(security)]
+    ):
+        return {"scheme": credentials.scheme, "credentials": credentials.credentials}
+    ```
+    """
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         *,
-        scheme_name: Optional[str] = None,
-        description: Optional[str] = None,
-        auto_error: bool = True,
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if the HTTP Digest not provided, `HTTPDigest` will
+                automatically cancel the request and send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Digest is not
+                available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in HTTP
+                Digest or in a cookie).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
     ):
         self.model = HTTPBaseModel(scheme="digest", description=description)
         self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__

fastapi/security/oauth2.py

@@ -10,51 +10,136 @@ from starlette.requests import Request
 from starlette.status import HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED, HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
 
 # TODO: import from typing when deprecating Python 3.9
-from typing_extensions import Annotated
+from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
 
 
 class OAuth2PasswordRequestForm:
     """
-    This is a dependency class, use it like:
+    This is a dependency class to collect the `username` and `password` as form data
+    for an OAuth2 password flow.
 
-        @app.post("/login")
-        def login(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends()):
-            data = form_data.parse()
-            print(data.username)
-            print(data.password)
-            for scope in data.scopes:
-                print(scope)
-            if data.client_id:
-                print(data.client_id)
-            if data.client_secret:
-                print(data.client_secret)
-            return data
+    The OAuth2 specification dictates that for a password flow the data should be
+    collected using form data (instead of JSON) and that it should have the specific
+    fields `username` and `password`.
+
+    All the initialization parameters are extracted from the request.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
+
+    app = FastAPI()
 
 
-    It creates the following Form request parameters in your endpoint:
+    @app.post("/login")
+    def login(form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestForm, Depends()]):
+        data = {}
+        data["scopes"] = []
+        for scope in form_data.scopes:
+            data["scopes"].append(scope)
+        if form_data.client_id:
+            data["client_id"] = form_data.client_id
+        if form_data.client_secret:
+            data["client_secret"] = form_data.client_secret
+        return data
+    ```
 
-    grant_type: the OAuth2 spec says it is required and MUST be the fixed string "password".
-        Nevertheless, this dependency class is permissive and allows not passing it. If you want to enforce it,
-        use instead the OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict dependency.
-    username: username string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name "username".
-    password: password string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name "password".
-    scope: Optional string. Several scopes (each one a string) separated by spaces. E.g.
-        "items:read items:write users:read profile openid"
-    client_id: optional string. OAuth2 recommends sending the client_id and client_secret (if any)
-        using HTTP Basic auth, as: client_id:client_secret
-    client_secret: optional string. OAuth2 recommends sending the client_id and client_secret (if any)
-        using HTTP Basic auth, as: client_id:client_secret
+    Note that for OAuth2 the scope `items:read` is a single scope in an opaque string.
+    You could have custom internal logic to separate it by colon caracters (`:`) or
+    similar, and get the two parts `items` and `read`. Many applications do that to
+    group and organize permisions, you could do it as well in your application, just
+    know that that it is application specific, it's not part of the specification.
     """
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         *,
-        grant_type: Annotated[Union[str, None], Form(pattern="password")] = None,
-        username: Annotated[str, Form()],
-        password: Annotated[str, Form()],
-        scope: Annotated[str, Form()] = "",
-        client_id: Annotated[Union[str, None], Form()] = None,
-        client_secret: Annotated[Union[str, None], Form()] = None,
+        grant_type: Annotated[
+            Union[str, None],
+            Form(pattern="password"),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The OAuth2 spec says it is required and MUST be the fixed string
+                "password". Nevertheless, this dependency class is permissive and
+                allows not passing it. If you want to enforce it, use instead the
+                `OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict` dependency.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        username: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                `username` string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name
+                `username`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        password: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                `password` string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name
+                `password".
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        scope: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A single string with actually several scopes separated by spaces. Each
+                scope is also a string.
+
+                For example, a single string with:
+
+                ```python
+                "items:read items:write users:read profile openid"
+                ````
+
+                would represent the scopes:
+
+                * `items:read`
+                * `items:write`
+                * `users:read`
+                * `profile`
+                * `openid`
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "",
+        client_id: Annotated[
+            Union[str, None],
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                If there's a `client_id`, it can be sent as part of the form fields.
+                But the OAuth2 specification recommends sending the `client_id` and
+                `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic auth.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        client_secret: Annotated[
+            Union[str, None],
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                If there's a `client_password` (and a `client_id`), they can be sent
+                as part of the form fields. But the OAuth2 specification recommends
+                sending the `client_id` and `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic
+                auth.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
     ):
         self.grant_type = grant_type
         self.username = username
@@ -66,23 +151,54 @@ class OAuth2PasswordRequestForm:
 
 class OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict(OAuth2PasswordRequestForm):
     """
-    This is a dependency class, use it like:
+    This is a dependency class to collect the `username` and `password` as form data
+    for an OAuth2 password flow.
 
-        @app.post("/login")
-        def login(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict = Depends()):
-            data = form_data.parse()
-            print(data.username)
-            print(data.password)
-            for scope in data.scopes:
-                print(scope)
-            if data.client_id:
-                print(data.client_id)
-            if data.client_secret:
-                print(data.client_secret)
-            return data
+    The OAuth2 specification dictates that for a password flow the data should be
+    collected using form data (instead of JSON) and that it should have the specific
+    fields `username` and `password`.
+
+    All the initialization parameters are extracted from the request.
+
+    The only difference between `OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict` and
+    `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` is that `OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict` requires the
+    client to send the form field `grant_type` with the value `"password"`, which
+    is required in the OAuth2 specification (it seems that for no particular reason),
+    while for `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` `grant_type` is optional.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+
+    ## Example
+
+    ```python
+    from typing import Annotated
+
+    from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
+    from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
+
+    app = FastAPI()
 
 
-    It creates the following Form request parameters in your endpoint:
+    @app.post("/login")
+    def login(form_data: Annotated[OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict, Depends()]):
+        data = {}
+        data["scopes"] = []
+        for scope in form_data.scopes:
+            data["scopes"].append(scope)
+        if form_data.client_id:
+            data["client_id"] = form_data.client_id
+        if form_data.client_secret:
+            data["client_secret"] = form_data.client_secret
+        return data
+    ```
+
+    Note that for OAuth2 the scope `items:read` is a single scope in an opaque string.
+    You could have custom internal logic to separate it by colon caracters (`:`) or
+    similar, and get the two parts `items` and `read`. Many applications do that to
+    group and organize permisions, you could do it as well in your application, just
+    know that that it is application specific, it's not part of the specification.
+
 
     grant_type: the OAuth2 spec says it is required and MUST be the fixed string "password".
         This dependency is strict about it. If you want to be permissive, use instead the
@@ -99,12 +215,85 @@ class OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict(OAuth2PasswordRequestForm):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        grant_type: Annotated[str, Form(pattern="password")],
-        username: Annotated[str, Form()],
-        password: Annotated[str, Form()],
-        scope: Annotated[str, Form()] = "",
-        client_id: Annotated[Union[str, None], Form()] = None,
-        client_secret: Annotated[Union[str, None], Form()] = None,
+        grant_type: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(pattern="password"),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The OAuth2 spec says it is required and MUST be the fixed string
+                "password". This dependency is strict about it. If you want to be
+                permissive, use instead the `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` dependency
+                class.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        username: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                `username` string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name
+                `username`.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        password: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                `password` string. The OAuth2 spec requires the exact field name
+                `password".
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        scope: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                A single string with actually several scopes separated by spaces. Each
+                scope is also a string.
+
+                For example, a single string with:
+
+                ```python
+                "items:read items:write users:read profile openid"
+                ````
+
+                would represent the scopes:
+
+                * `items:read`
+                * `items:write`
+                * `users:read`
+                * `profile`
+                * `openid`
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = "",
+        client_id: Annotated[
+            Union[str, None],
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                If there's a `client_id`, it can be sent as part of the form fields.
+                But the OAuth2 specification recommends sending the `client_id` and
+                `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic auth.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        client_secret: Annotated[
+            Union[str, None],
+            Form(),
+            Doc(
+                """
+                If there's a `client_password` (and a `client_id`), they can be sent
+                as part of the form fields. But the OAuth2 specification recommends
+                sending the `client_id` and `client_secret` (if any) using HTTP Basic
+                auth.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
     ):
         super().__init__(
             grant_type=grant_type,
@@ -117,13 +306,69 @@ class OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict(OAuth2PasswordRequestForm):
 
 
 class OAuth2(SecurityBase):
+    """
+    This is the base class for OAuth2 authentication, an instance of it would be used
+    as a dependency. All other OAuth2 classes inherit from it and customize it for
+    each OAuth2 flow.
+
+    You normally would not create a new class inheriting from it but use one of the
+    existing subclasses, and maybe compose them if you want to support multiple flows.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Security](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/).
+    """
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         *,
-        flows: Union[OAuthFlowsModel, Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]] = OAuthFlowsModel(),
-        scheme_name: Optional[str] = None,
-        description: Optional[str] = None,
-        auto_error: bool = True,
+        flows: Annotated[
+            Union[OAuthFlowsModel, Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The dictionary of OAuth2 flows.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = OAuthFlowsModel(),
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if no HTTP Auhtorization header is provided, required for
+                OAuth2 authentication, it will automatically cancel the request and
+                send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Authorization header
+                is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OAuth2
+                or in a cookie).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
     ):
         self.model = OAuth2Model(
             flows=cast(OAuthFlowsModel, flows), description=description
@@ -144,13 +389,74 @@ class OAuth2(SecurityBase):
 
 
 class OAuth2PasswordBearer(OAuth2):
+    """
+    OAuth2 flow for authentication using a bearer token obtained with a password.
+    An instance of it would be used as a dependency.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/simple-oauth2/).
+    """
+
     def __init__(
         self,
-        tokenUrl: str,
-        scheme_name: Optional[str] = None,
-        scopes: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
-        description: Optional[str] = None,
-        auto_error: bool = True,
+        tokenUrl: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL to obtain the OAuth2 token. This would be the *path operation*
+                that has `OAuth2PasswordRequestForm` as a dependency.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        scopes: Annotated[
+            Optional[Dict[str, str]],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The OAuth2 scopes that would be required by the *path operations* that
+                use this dependency.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if no HTTP Auhtorization header is provided, required for
+                OAuth2 authentication, it will automatically cancel the request and
+                send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Authorization header
+                is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OAuth2
+                or in a cookie).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
     ):
         if not scopes:
             scopes = {}
@@ -180,15 +486,79 @@ class OAuth2PasswordBearer(OAuth2):
 
 
 class OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer(OAuth2):
+    """
+    OAuth2 flow for authentication using a bearer token obtained with an OAuth2 code
+    flow. An instance of it would be used as a dependency.
+    """
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         authorizationUrl: str,
-        tokenUrl: str,
-        refreshUrl: Optional[str] = None,
-        scheme_name: Optional[str] = None,
-        scopes: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
-        description: Optional[str] = None,
-        auto_error: bool = True,
+        tokenUrl: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL to obtain the OAuth2 token.
+                """
+            ),
+        ],
+        refreshUrl: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The URL to refresh the token and obtain a new one.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        scopes: Annotated[
+            Optional[Dict[str, str]],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The OAuth2 scopes that would be required by the *path operations* that
+                use this dependency.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if no HTTP Auhtorization header is provided, required for
+                OAuth2 authentication, it will automatically cancel the request and
+                send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Authorization header
+                is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OAuth2
+                or in a cookie).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
     ):
         if not scopes:
             scopes = {}
@@ -226,6 +596,45 @@ class OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer(OAuth2):
 
 
 class SecurityScopes:
-    def __init__(self, scopes: Optional[List[str]] = None):
-        self.scopes = scopes or []
-        self.scope_str = " ".join(self.scopes)
+    """
+    This is a special class that you can define in a parameter in a dependency to
+    obtain the OAuth2 scopes required by all the dependencies in the same chain.
+
+    This way, multiple dependencies can have different scopes, even when used in the
+    same *path operation*. And with this, you can access all the scopes required in
+    all those dependencies in a single place.
+
+    Read more about it in the
+    [FastAPI docs for OAuth2 scopes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/security/oauth2-scopes/).
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        scopes: Annotated[
+            Optional[List[str]],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                This will be filled by FastAPI.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+    ):
+        self.scopes: Annotated[
+            List[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                The list of all the scopes required by dependencies.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = (
+            scopes or []
+        )
+        self.scope_str: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                All the scopes required by all the dependencies in a single string
+                separated by spaces, as defined in the OAuth2 specification.
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = " ".join(self.scopes)

fastapi/security/open_id_connect_url.py

@@ -5,16 +5,66 @@ from fastapi.security.base import SecurityBase
 from starlette.exceptions import HTTPException
 from starlette.requests import Request
 from starlette.status import HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
+from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc  # type: ignore [attr-defined]
 
 
 class OpenIdConnect(SecurityBase):
+    """
+    OpenID Connect authentication class. An instance of it would be used as a
+    dependency.
+    """
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         *,
-        openIdConnectUrl: str,
-        scheme_name: Optional[str] = None,
-        description: Optional[str] = None,
-        auto_error: bool = True,
+        openIdConnectUrl: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Doc(
+                """
+            The OpenID Connect URL.
+            """
+            ),
+        ],
+        scheme_name: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme name.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        description: Annotated[
+            Optional[str],
+            Doc(
+                """
+                Security scheme description.
+
+                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = None,
+        auto_error: Annotated[
+            bool,
+            Doc(
+                """
+                By default, if no HTTP Auhtorization header is provided, required for
+                OpenID Connect authentication, it will automatically cancel the request
+                and send the client an error.
+
+                If `auto_error` is set to `False`, when the HTTP Authorization header
+                is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
+                be `None`.
+
+                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.
+
+                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
+                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, with OpenID
+                Connect or in a cookie).
+                """
+            ),
+        ] = True,
     ):
         self.model = OpenIdConnectModel(
             openIdConnectUrl=openIdConnectUrl, description=description

pyproject.toml

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ classifiers = [
 dependencies = [
     "starlette>=0.27.0,<0.28.0",
     "pydantic>=1.7.4,!=1.8,!=1.8.1,!=2.0.0,!=2.0.1,!=2.1.0,<3.0.0",
-    "typing-extensions>=4.5.0",
+    "typing-extensions>=4.8.0",
     # TODO: remove this pin after upgrading Starlette 0.31.1
     "anyio>=3.7.1,<4.0.0",
 ]

requirements-docs-tests.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# For mkdocstrings and tests
+httpx >=0.23.0,<0.25.0
+black == 23.3.0

requirements-docs.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 -e .
+-r requirements-docs-tests.txt
 mkdocs-material==9.1.21
 mdx-include >=1.4.1,<2.0.0
 mkdocs-markdownextradata-plugin >=0.1.7,<0.3.0
@@ -12,3 +13,5 @@ jieba==0.42.1
 pillow==9.5.0
 # For image processing by Material for MkDocs
 cairosvg==2.7.0
+mkdocstrings[python]==0.23.0
+griffe-typingdoc==0.2.2

requirements-tests.txt

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 -e .
+-r requirements-docs-tests.txt
 pydantic-settings >=2.0.0
 pytest >=7.1.3,<8.0.0
 coverage[toml] >= 6.5.0,< 8.0
 mypy ==1.4.1
 ruff ==0.0.275
-black == 23.3.0
-httpx >=0.23.0,<0.25.0
 email_validator >=1.1.1,<3.0.0
 dirty-equals ==0.6.0
 # TODO: once removing databases from tutorial, upgrade SQLAlchemy

scripts/docs.py

@@ -153,17 +153,21 @@ index_sponsors_template = """
 def generate_readme_content() -> str:
     en_index = en_docs_path / "docs" / "index.md"
     content = en_index.read_text("utf-8")
+    match_pre = re.search(r"</style>\n\n", content)
     match_start = re.search(r"<!-- sponsors -->", content)
     match_end = re.search(r"<!-- /sponsors -->", content)
     sponsors_data_path = en_docs_path / "data" / "sponsors.yml"
     sponsors = mkdocs.utils.yaml_load(sponsors_data_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
     if not (match_start and match_end):
         raise RuntimeError("Couldn't auto-generate sponsors section")
+    if not match_pre:
+        raise RuntimeError("Couldn't find pre section (<style>) in index.md")
+    frontmatter_end = match_pre.end()
     pre_end = match_start.end()
     post_start = match_end.start()
     template = Template(index_sponsors_template)
     message = template.render(sponsors=sponsors)
-    pre_content = content[:pre_end]
+    pre_content = content[frontmatter_end:pre_end]
     post_content = content[post_start:]
     new_content = pre_content + message + post_content
     return new_content
@@ -286,7 +290,6 @@ def update_config() -> None:
         else:
             use_name = alternate_dict[url]
             new_alternate.append({"link": url, "name": use_name})
-    config["nav"][1] = {"Languages": languages}
     config["extra"]["alternate"] = new_alternate
     en_config_path.write_text(
         yaml.dump(config, sort_keys=False, width=200, allow_unicode=True),

scripts/mkdocs_hooks.py

@@ -8,6 +8,11 @@ from mkdocs.structure.files import File, Files
 from mkdocs.structure.nav import Link, Navigation, Section
 from mkdocs.structure.pages import Page
 
+non_traslated_sections = [
+    "reference/",
+    "release-notes.md",
+]
+
 
 @lru_cache()
 def get_missing_translation_content(docs_dir: str) -> str:
@@ -123,6 +128,9 @@ def on_page_markdown(
     markdown: str, *, page: Page, config: MkDocsConfig, files: Files
 ) -> str:
     if isinstance(page.file, EnFile):
+        for excluded_section in non_traslated_sections:
+            if page.file.src_path.startswith(excluded_section):
+                return markdown
         missing_translation_content = get_missing_translation_content(config.docs_dir)
         header = ""
         body = markdown

tests/test_datastructures.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import io
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import List
 
@@ -52,3 +53,20 @@ def test_upload_file_is_closed(tmp_path: Path):
 
     assert testing_file_store
     assert testing_file_store[0].file.closed
+
+
+# For UploadFile coverage, segments copied from Starlette tests
+
+
+@pytest.mark.anyio
+async def test_upload_file():
+    stream = io.BytesIO(b"data")
+    file = UploadFile(filename="file", file=stream, size=4)
+    assert await file.read() == b"data"
+    assert file.size == 4
+    await file.write(b" and more data!")
+    assert await file.read() == b""
+    assert file.size == 19
+    await file.seek(0)
+    assert await file.read() == b"data and more data!"
+    await file.close()

tests/test_router_events.py

@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ def state() -> State:
     return State()
 
 
+@pytest.mark.filterwarnings(
+    r"ignore:\s*on_event is deprecated, use lifespan event handlers instead.*:DeprecationWarning"
+)
 def test_router_events(state: State) -> None:
     app = FastAPI()
 

tests/test_tutorial/test_async_sql_databases/test_tutorial001.py

@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 
-from docs_src.async_sql_databases.tutorial001 import app
-
 from ...utils import needs_pydanticv1
 
 
+@pytest.fixture(name="app", scope="module")
+def get_app():
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+        from docs_src.async_sql_databases.tutorial001 import app
+    yield app
+
+
 # TODO: pv2 add version with Pydantic v2
 @needs_pydanticv1
-def test_create_read():
+def test_create_read(app: FastAPI):
     with TestClient(app) as client:
         note = {"text": "Foo bar", "completed": False}
         response = client.post("/notes/", json=note)
@@ -21,7 +28,7 @@ def test_create_read():
         assert data in response.json()
 
 
-def test_openapi_schema():
+def test_openapi_schema(app: FastAPI):
     with TestClient(app) as client:
         response = client.get("/openapi.json")
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

tests/test_tutorial/test_events/test_tutorial001.py

@@ -1,16 +1,23 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 
-from docs_src.events.tutorial001 import app
+
+@pytest.fixture(name="app", scope="module")
+def get_app():
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+        from docs_src.events.tutorial001 import app
+    yield app
 
 
-def test_events():
+def test_events(app: FastAPI):
     with TestClient(app) as client:
         response = client.get("/items/foo")
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
         assert response.json() == {"name": "Fighters"}
 
 
-def test_openapi_schema():
+def test_openapi_schema(app: FastAPI):
     with TestClient(app) as client:
         response = client.get("/openapi.json")
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

tests/test_tutorial/test_events/test_tutorial002.py

@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
+import pytest
+from fastapi import FastAPI
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 
-from docs_src.events.tutorial002 import app
+
+@pytest.fixture(name="app", scope="module")
+def get_app():
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+        from docs_src.events.tutorial002 import app
+    yield app
 
 
-def test_events():
+def test_events(app: FastAPI):
     with TestClient(app) as client:
         response = client.get("/items/")
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
@@ -12,7 +19,7 @@ def test_events():
         assert "Application shutdown" in log.read()
 
 
-def test_openapi_schema():
+def test_openapi_schema(app: FastAPI):
     with TestClient(app) as client:
         response = client.get("/openapi.json")
         assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

tests/test_tutorial/test_testing/test_tutorial003.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
-from docs_src.app_testing.tutorial003 import test_read_items
+import pytest
 
 
 def test_main():
+    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
+        from docs_src.app_testing.tutorial003 import test_read_items
     test_read_items()